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id="toc-Piast_Poland_and_conversion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-From_the_late_Middle_Ages_to_the_Thirty_Years'_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#From_the_late_Middle_Ages_to_the_Thirty_Years'_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>From the late Middle Ages to the Thirty Years' War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-From_the_late_Middle_Ages_to_the_Thirty_Years'_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_era:_In_Prussia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_era:_In_Prussia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Modern era: In Prussia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_era:_In_Prussia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_World_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_World_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Second World War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_World_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Post-war Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourist_destination" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourist_destination"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Tourist destination</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourist_destination-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourist destination subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourist_destination-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bike_path_to_Podczele" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bike_path_to_Podczele"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Bike path to Podczele</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bike_path_to_Podczele-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Oldest_oak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Oldest_oak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Oldest oak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Oldest_oak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Cultural center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pier" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pier"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Pier</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pier-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Train_connections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Train_connections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Train connections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Train_connections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famous_persons_connected_with_the_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_persons_connected_with_the_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Famous persons connected with the city</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famous_persons_connected_with_the_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kołobrzeg</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">56 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%AC%D9%83" title="كووبجك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كووبجك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolobjeq" title="Kolobjeq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kolobjeq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%DA%98%DA%A9" title="کووبژک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کووبژک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B3" title="Калабжэг – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Калабжэг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Колобжег – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Колобжег" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_(kapital_sa_munisipyo)" title="Kołobrzeg (kapital sa munisipyo) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kołobrzeg (kapital sa munisipyo)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolob%C5%99eh" title="Kolobřeh – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kolobřeh" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%DA%98%DA%A9" title="کووبژک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کووبژک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%9B%8C%EB%B8%8C%EC%A0%9C%ED%81%AC" title="코워브제크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코워브제크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%AA%D5%A5%D5%A3" title="Կոլոբժեգ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոլոբժեգ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Колобжег – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Колобжег" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%91%D7%96%27%D7%92" title="קולובז'ג – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קולובז'ג" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2lbrz%C3%A9g" title="Kòlbrzég – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kòlbrzég" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolob%C5%BEega" title="Kolobžega – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kolobžega" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolob%C5%BEegas" title="Kolobžegas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kolobžegas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%AC%D9%83" title="كووبجك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كووبجك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%96%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%82%AF" title="コウォブジェク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コウォブジェク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolbarg" title="Kolbarg – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kolbarg" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colberga" title="Colberga – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Colberga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Колобжег – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Колобжег" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzyg" title="Kołobrzyg – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Kołobrzyg" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Колобжег – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Колобжег" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%81" title="กอวอบแชก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กอวอบแชก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Колобжег – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Колобжег" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3" title="Колобжег – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Колобжег" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kołobrzeg" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E6%B2%83%E5%B8%83%E7%83%AD%E6%A0%BC" title="科沃布热格 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科沃布热格" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q110011#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kolberg&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolberg">Kolberg</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Kolberg" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kolberg_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kolberg (disambiguation)">Kolberg (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place in West Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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.infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Kołobrzeg</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="border:1;;height:178px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ko%C5%82obrzeg,_Hafen,_Leuchtturm,_f_(2011-07-26)_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kołobrzeg Lighthouse"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_Hafen%2C_Leuchtturm%2C_f_%282011-07-26%29_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg/268px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_Hafen%2C_Leuchtturm%2C_f_%282011-07-26%29_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_Hafen%2C_Leuchtturm%2C_f_%282011-07-26%29_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg/402px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_Hafen%2C_Leuchtturm%2C_f_%282011-07-26%29_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_Hafen%2C_Leuchtturm%2C_f_%282011-07-26%29_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg/536px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_Hafen%2C_Leuchtturm%2C_f_%282011-07-26%29_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:142px;max-width:142px"><div style="border:1;;height:92px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ko%C5%82obrzeg,_Strand,_a_(2011-07-26)_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Beach"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_Strand%2C_a_%282011-07-26%29_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg/140px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_Strand%2C_a_%282011-07-26%29_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_Strand%2C_a_%282011-07-26%29_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg/210px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_Strand%2C_a_%282011-07-26%29_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_Strand%2C_a_%282011-07-26%29_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg/280px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_Strand%2C_a_%282011-07-26%29_by_Klugschnacker_in_Wikipedia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="border:1;;height:92px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Konkatedra_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gothic Co-Cathedral Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Konkatedra_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu.jpg/124px-Konkatedra_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Konkatedra_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu.jpg/186px-Konkatedra_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Konkatedra_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu.jpg/248px-Konkatedra_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:98px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ko%C5%82obrzeg_-_Ratusz_3_2019_r.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="City Hall"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_-_Ratusz_3_2019_r.jpg/132px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg_-_Ratusz_3_2019_r.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_-_Ratusz_3_2019_r.jpg/198px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg_-_Ratusz_3_2019_r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_-_Ratusz_3_2019_r.jpg/264px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg_-_Ratusz_3_2019_r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="border:1;;height:98px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolobrzeg_muzeum_plenerowa_wystawa_broni.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Museum of Polish Arms"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kolobrzeg_muzeum_plenerowa_wystawa_broni.jpg/132px-Kolobrzeg_muzeum_plenerowa_wystawa_broni.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kolobrzeg_muzeum_plenerowa_wystawa_broni.jpg/198px-Kolobrzeg_muzeum_plenerowa_wystawa_broni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Kolobrzeg_muzeum_plenerowa_wystawa_broni.jpg/264px-Kolobrzeg_muzeum_plenerowa_wystawa_broni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3194" data-file-height="2395" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Left to right: <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Lighthouse" title="Kołobrzeg Lighthouse">Historical lighthouse</a></li><li>Coastline of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Cathedral" title="Kołobrzeg Cathedral">Kołobrzeg Cathedral</a></li><li>City Hall</li><li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Polish_Arms" title="Museum of Polish Arms">Museum of Polish Arms</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Kołobrzeg"><img alt="Flag of Kołobrzeg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_flag.svg/100px-POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_flag.svg/150px-POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_flag.svg/200px-POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Kołobrzeg"><img alt="Coat of arms of Kołobrzeg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg/86px-POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="86" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg/129px-POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg/173px-POL_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="579" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ko%C5%82obrzeg_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Kołobrzeg"><img alt="Official logo of Kołobrzeg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_logo.svg/100px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_logo.svg/150px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_logo.svg/200px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="171" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Brandmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandmark">Brandmark</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poland_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kołobrzeg is located in Poland"><img alt="Kołobrzeg is located in Poland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Poland_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Poland_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="861" data-file-height="837" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:15.752%;left:16.599%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Kołobrzeg"><img alt="Kołobrzeg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Kołobrzeg</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&params=54_10_34_N_15_34_34_E_region:PL_type:city(46830)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">54°10′34″N</span> <span class="longitude">15°34′34″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">54.17611°N 15.57611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">54.17611; 15.57611</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Voivodeships_of_Poland" title="Voivodeships of Poland">Voivodeship</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg/23px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg/35px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg/46px-POL_wojew%C3%B3dztwo_zachodniopomorskie_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="West Pomeranian Voivodeship">West Pomeranian</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Powiat" title="Powiat">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_County" title="Kołobrzeg County">Kołobrzeg</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gmina" title="Gmina">Gmina</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Kołobrzeg <small>(urban gmina)</small></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">10th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Town rights</th><td class="infobox-data">1255</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • City Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Anna Mieczkowska (<a href="/wiki/Civic_Coalition_(Poland)" title="Civic Coalition (Poland)">KO</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">25.67 km<sup>2</sup> (9.91 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2014)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">46,830</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,800/km<sup>2</sup> (4,700/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">78–100 to 78–106</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+48 94</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Polish_car_number_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish car number plates">Car plates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">ZKL</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kolobrzeg.pl">www<wbr />.kolobrzeg<wbr />.pl</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kołobrzeg</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Polish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Polish" title="Help:IPA/Polish">[kɔˈwɔbʐɛk]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f2\/Pl-Ko%C5%82obrzeg.ogg\/Pl-Ko%C5%82obrzeg.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Pl-Ko\u0142obrzeg.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f2/Pl-Ko%C5%82obrzeg.ogg/Pl-Ko%C5%82obrzeg.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Pl-Ko%C5%82obrzeg.ogg" title="File:Pl-Kołobrzeg.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a>: <i lang="csb">Kòlbrzég</i>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Kolberg</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈkɔlbɛʁk]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/60\/De-Kolberg.oga\/De-Kolberg.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Kolberg.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/De-Kolberg.oga/De-Kolberg.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Kolberg.oga" title="File:De-Kolberg.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) is a port and spa city in the <a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="West Pomeranian Voivodeship">West Pomeranian Voivodeship</a> in north-western <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> with about 47,000 inhabitants (as of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>). Kołobrzeg is located on the <a href="/wiki/Pars%C4%99ta" title="Parsęta">Parsęta</a> River on the south coast of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> (in the middle of the section divided by the <a href="/wiki/Oder_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Oder River">Oder</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> Rivers). It is the capital of <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_County" title="Kołobrzeg County">Kołobrzeg County</a>. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_Early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(Slavic_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)">Pomeranian</a> tribes established a settlement at the site of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Budzistowo" title="Budzistowo">Budzistowo</a>. In 1000, when the city was part of Poland, it became the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Ko%C5%82obrzeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Kołobrzeg">Diocese of Kołobrzeg</a>, one of five oldest Polish dioceses. During the <a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_High_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a>, the town was expanded with an additional settlement inhabited by German settlers a few kilometers north of the stronghold and chartered with <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_law" title="Lübeck law">Lübeck law</a>, which settlement eventually superseded the original Pomeranian settlement. The city later joined the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>. Within the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Duchy of Pomerania">Duchy of Pomerania</a> the town was the urban center of the secular reign of the prince-bishops of <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Kamien_Pomorski" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Kamien Pomorski">Kamień</a> and their residence throughout the High and <a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_Late_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a>. In the modern age, it passed to <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1653-1815)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Pomerania (1653-1815)">Brandenburg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Prussia</a>, and withstood a <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolberg_(1807)" title="Siege of Kolberg (1807)">Polish-French siege</a> in 1807. In the late 19th century it became a popular spa town at the Baltic Sea. In 1945, Polish and Soviet troops captured the town. Kołobrzeg, now part of post-war Poland and devastated in the preceding <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolberg_(1945)" title="Battle of Kolberg (1945)">battle</a>, was rebuilt, but lost its status as the regional center to the nearby city of <a href="/wiki/Koszalin" title="Koszalin">Koszalin</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"Kołobrzeg" means "by the shore" in Polish; "koło" translates as "by"<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "brzeg" means "coast" or "shore".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a>: <i lang="csb">Kòłobrzeg</i> has a similar etymology. The original name of Cholberg was taken by Polish and Kashubian linguists in the 19th and 20th centuries to reconstruct the name. After German settlement, the original name of <i>Cholberg</i> evolved into German: <i lang="de">Kolberg</i> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Standard_German" title="Help:IPA/Standard German">[ˈkɔlbɛʁk]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/60\/De-Kolberg.oga\/De-Kolberg.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-Kolberg.oga"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/60/De-Kolberg.oga/De-Kolberg.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Kolberg.oga" title="File:De-Kolberg.oga">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pomeranian_stronghold_at_modern_Budzistowo">Pomeranian stronghold at modern Budzistowo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pomeranian stronghold at modern Budzistowo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Piskorski (1999) and Kempke (2001), Slavic and Lechitic immigration reached <a href="/wiki/Farther_Pomerania" title="Farther Pomerania">Farther Pomerania</a> in the 7th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> First Slavic settlements in the vicinity of Kołobrzeg were centered around nearby deposits of salt and date to 6th and 7th century.<sup id="cite_ref-zardziej_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zardziej-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kalendarium_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalendarium-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 9th century, the <a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(Slavic_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)">Pomeranian</a> tribes erected a <a href="/wiki/Grad_(Slavic_settlement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grad (Slavic settlement)">fortified settlement</a> at the site of modern part of Kołobrzeg county called <a href="/wiki/Budzistowo" title="Budzistowo">Budzistowo</a><sup id="cite_ref-Schich_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schich-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> near modern Kołobrzeg,<sup id="cite_ref-Koebler341_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koebler341-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> replacing nearby <a href="/wiki/Bardy-%C5%9Awielubie" title="Bardy-Świelubie">Bardy-Świelubie</a>, a multi-ethnic emporium, as the center of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Harck1516_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harck1516-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Parseta" class="mw-redirect" title="Parseta">Parseta</a> valley, where both the emporium and the stronghold were located, was one of the <a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(Slavic_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)">Pomeranians</a>' core settlement areas.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The stronghold consisted of a fortified <a href="/wiki/Burgh" title="Burgh">burgh</a> with a suburbium.<sup id="cite_ref-Mueller_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mueller-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(tribe)" title="Pomeranians (tribe)">Pomeranians</a> mined salt<sup id="cite_ref-Jarnut282_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarnut282-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in salt pans located in two downstream hills.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarnut278_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarnut278-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-townwebsiteoccupation_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-townwebsiteoccupation-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also engaged in fishing, and used the salt to conserve foodstuffs, primarily <a href="/wiki/Herring" title="Herring">herring</a>, for trade.<sup id="cite_ref-townwebsiteoccupation_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-townwebsiteoccupation-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jarnut274_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarnut274-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other important occupations were <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Smithery" class="mw-redirect" title="Smithery">smithery</a>, based on local iron ore reserves, other crafts like the production of combs from horn, and in the surrounding areas, agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-townwebsiteoccupation_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-townwebsiteoccupation-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jarnut289_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarnut289-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Important sites in the settlement were a place for periodical markets and a tavern, mentioned as <i>forum et taberna</i> in 1140.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarnut282_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarnut282-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 9th and 10th centuries, the Budzistowo stronghold was the largest of several smaller ones in the Persante area, and as such is thought to have functioned as the center of the local <a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(Slavic_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomeranians (Slavic tribe)">Pomeranian</a> subtribe.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarnut289_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarnut289-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the turn from the 10th to the 11th century, the smaller burghs in the Parseta area were given up.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarnut289_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarnut289-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the area coming under the control of the Polish Duke <a href="/wiki/Mieszko_I" title="Mieszko I">Mieszko I</a>, only two strongholds remained and underwent an enlargement, the one at Budzistowo and a predecessor of later <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ogard" title="Białogard">Białogard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarnut289_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarnut289-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These developments were most likely associated with the establishment of Polish power over this part of the Baltic coast. In the 10th century, the trade of salt and fish led to the development of the settlement into a town.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Piast_Poland_and_conversion">Piast Poland and conversion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Piast Poland and conversion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Budzistowo_Church_2009-05b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Budzistowo_Church_2009-05b.jpg/250px-Budzistowo_Church_2009-05b.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Budzistowo_Church_2009-05b.jpg/375px-Budzistowo_Church_2009-05b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Budzistowo_Church_2009-05b.jpg/500px-Budzistowo_Church_2009-05b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="1507" /></a><figcaption>St John's Church, the remains of an early medieval settlement in modern <a href="/wiki/Budzistowo" title="Budzistowo">Budzistowo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_Early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the Early Middle Ages">Polish rule of the area</a> in the late 10th century, the chronicle of <a href="/wiki/Thietmar_of_Merseburg" title="Thietmar of Merseburg">Thietmar of Merseburg</a> (975–1018) mentions <i>salsa Cholbergiensis</i> as the see of the <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Ko%C5%82obrzeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Kołobrzeg">Bishopric of Kołobrzeg</a>, set up during the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Gniezno" title="Congress of Gniezno">Congress of Gniezno</a> in 1000 and placed under the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Gniezno" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Gniezno">Archdiocese of Gniezno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Koebler341_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koebler341-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The congress was organized by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland_(1025%E2%80%931385)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)">Polish</a> duke <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_Chrobry" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolesław Chrobry">Bolesław Chrobry</a> and Holy Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Otto_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Otto III, Holy Roman Emperor">Otto III</a>, and also led to the establishment of bishoprics in <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Krak%C3%B3w" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Kraków">Kraków</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Wroc%C5%82aw" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Wrocław">Wrocław</a>, connecting the territories of the Polish state.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was an important event not only in religious, but also political dimension in the history of the early Polish state, as it unified and organized medieval Polish territories.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The missionary efforts of bishop <a href="/wiki/Reinbern" title="Reinbern">Reinbern</a> were not successful, the <a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(tribe)" title="Pomeranians (tribe)">Pomeranians</a> revolted in 1005 and regained political and spiritual independence.<sup id="cite_ref-Berend_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Berend-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Warner_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Warner-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Borgolte_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borgolte-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wille_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wille-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1013 Bolesław Chrobry removed his troops from Pomerania in face of war with Holy Roman Emperor <a href="/wiki/Henry_III,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor">Henry III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kalendarium_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalendarium-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1002%E2%80%9318)" class="mw-redirect" title="German–Polish War (1002–18)">Polish–German war</a> ended with Polish victory, which was confirmed by the 1018 <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Bautzen" title="Peace of Bautzen">Peace of Bautzen</a>. </p><p>During his campaigns in the early 12th century, <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_III_Wrymouth" title="Bolesław III Wrymouth">Bolesław III Wrymouth</a> <a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_High_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the High Middle Ages">reacquired Pomerania for Poland</a>, and made the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Pomerania">local Griffin dynasty</a> his vassals. The stronghold was captured by the Polish army in the winter of 1107/08, when the inhabitants (<i>cives et oppidani</i>) including a duke (<i>dux Pomeranorum</i>) surrendered without resistance.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarnut275_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarnut275-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A previous Polish siege of the burgh had been unsuccessful; although the duke had fled the burgh, the Polish army was unable to break through the fortifications and the two gates.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarnut273274_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarnut273274-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The army had however looted and burned the suburbium, which was not or only lightly fortified.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarnut273274_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarnut273274-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The descriptions given by the contemporary chroniclers make it possible that a second, purely militarily used castle existed near the settlement, yet neither is this certain nor have archaeological efforts been able to locate traces thereof.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarnut274ff_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarnut274ff-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 12th-century Polish chronicle <i><a href="/wiki/Gesta_principum_Polonorum" title="Gesta principum Polonorum">Gesta principum Polonorum</a></i> Kołobrzeg was named a significant and <i>famous city</i>. </p><p>During the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="Conversion of Pomerania">Christianization of the area</a> by <a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Bamberg" title="Otto of Bamberg">Otto of Bamberg</a> at the behest of Bolesław, a St. Mary's church was built.<sup id="cite_ref-Schich_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schich-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This marked the first beginnings of German influence in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After Bolesław's death, as a result of the fragmentation of Poland, the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Duchy of Pomerania">Duchy of Pomerania</a> became independent,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before the dukes became vassals of <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> in 1185 and the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> in 1227. </p><p>Besides St. Mary's, a St. John's church and a St. Petri's chapel were built.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarnut282_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarnut282-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A painting of the town of Kołobrzeg from the 13th century is located in the Museum of Polish Arms in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="From_the_late_Middle_Ages_to_the_Thirty_Years'_War"><span id="From_the_late_Middle_Ages_to_the_Thirty_Years.27_War"></span>From the late Middle Ages to the Thirty Years' War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: From the late Middle Ages to the Thirty Years' War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra.jpg/220px-2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra.jpg/330px-2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra.jpg/440px-2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra_3.jpg/220px-2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra_3.jpg/330px-2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra_3.jpg/440px-2019_-_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Katedra_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Brick_Gothic" title="Brick Gothic">Brick Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Cathedral" title="Kołobrzeg Cathedral">St. Mary's Basilica</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">Ostsiedlung</a>, a settlement was founded by German settlers some kilometres off the site of the Slavic/Lechitic one.<sup id="cite_ref-Buchholz_p.75_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buchholz_p.75-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Brather156_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brather156-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was located within the boundaries of today's downtown of Kołobrzeg and some of the inhabitants of the Polish town moved to the new settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 23 May 1255 it was chartered under <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_law" title="Lübeck law">Lübeck law</a> by Duke <a href="/wiki/Wartislaw_III,_Duke_of_Pomerania" title="Wartislaw III, Duke of Pomerania">Wartislaw III</a> of <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Duchy of Pomerania">Pomerania</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Koebler341A_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koebler341A-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and more settlers arrived, attracted by the duke.<sup id="cite_ref-Brather156_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brather156-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_von_Gleichen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann von Gleichen (page does not exist)">Hermann von Gleichen</a>, German bishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Kammin" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Kammin">Kammin</a> also supported the German colonisation of the region.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The settlers received several privileges such as exemption from certain taxes and several benefits, making it difficult for the indigenous Pomeranian population to compete with Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henceforth, the nearby former stronghold was turned into a village and renamed "Old Town" (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">antiqua civitatae Colbergensis</i>, German: <i lang="de">Altstadt</i>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">Stare Miasto</i>), first documented in 1277 and used until 1945 when it was renamed "<a href="/wiki/Budzistowo" title="Budzistowo">Budzistowo</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Schich_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schich-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mueller_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mueller-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A new St. Mary's church was built within the new town before the 1260s,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while St. Mary's in the former Pomeranian stronghold was turned into a nuns' abbey.<sup id="cite_ref-Schich_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schich-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1277 St. Benedict's monastery for nuns was founded, which in the framework of the Pomeranian <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a> in 1545 was then changed into an educational institution for noble Protestant ladies.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolobrzeg_Lontowa_Tower_E_2011-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Kolobrzeg_Lontowa_Tower_E_2011-04.jpg/170px-Kolobrzeg_Lontowa_Tower_E_2011-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Kolobrzeg_Lontowa_Tower_E_2011-04.jpg/255px-Kolobrzeg_Lontowa_Tower_E_2011-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Kolobrzeg_Lontowa_Tower_E_2011-04.jpg/340px-Kolobrzeg_Lontowa_Tower_E_2011-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2176" data-file-height="3143" /></a><figcaption>Fuse Tower, last remnant of the medieval fortification</figcaption></figure> <p>Already in 1248, the <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Kammin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Kammin">Kammin</a> bishops and the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Duchy of Pomerania">Pomeranian</a> dukes had interchanged the <i>terrae</i> <a href="/wiki/Burg_Stargard" title="Burg Stargard">Stargard</a> and Kolberg, leaving the bishops in charge of the latter.<sup id="cite_ref-Koebler_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koebler-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When in 1276 they became the souvereign of the town also, they moved their residence there, while the administration of the diocese was done from nearby Köslin (<a href="/wiki/Koszalin" title="Koszalin">Koszalin</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Koebler_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koebler-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1345, the bishops became <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">Imperial immediate</a> dukes in their secular reign.<sup id="cite_ref-Koebler_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koebler-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1361, the city joined the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a>. In 1446 it fought a battle against the nearby rival city of <a href="/wiki/Koszalin" title="Koszalin">Koszalin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the property of the <a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Kammin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishopric of Kammin">Bishopric of Kammin</a> was secularized during the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a> in 1534, their secular reign including the Kolberg area became intermediately ruled by a Lutheran titular bishop, before it was turned into a <i>Sekundogenitur</i> of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Pomerania">House of Pomerania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Koebler_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Koebler-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 15th century the city traded with <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, Amsterdam and <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beer, salt, <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">wool</a> and flour were exported, while merchants imported textiles from England, southern fruits, and <a href="/wiki/Cod_liver_oil" title="Cod liver oil">cod liver oil</a>. In the 16th century, the city reached 5,000 inhabitants.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The indigenous Slavs in the city were discriminated, and their rights in trade and crafts were limited, with bans on performing certain types of professions and taking certain positions in the city,<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Not a good source for such a statement (June 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> for instance in 1564 it was forbidden to admit native Slavs to the <a href="/wiki/Blacksmith" title="Blacksmith">blacksmiths</a>' guild.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>, Kolberg was <a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Franzburg" title="Capitulation of Franzburg">occupied by imperial forces</a> from 1627 to 1630,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stettin_(1630)" title="Treaty of Stettin (1630)">thereafter by Swedish forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_era:_In_Prussia">Modern era: In Prussia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern era: In Prussia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kolberg, with most of <a href="/wiki/Farther_Pomerania" title="Farther Pomerania">Farther Pomerania</a>, was granted to <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg-Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandenburg-Prussia">Brandenburg-Prussia</a> in 1648 by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Westphalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Westphalia">Treaty of Westphalia</a> and, after the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stettin_(1653)" title="Treaty of Stettin (1653)">Treaty of Stettin (1653)</a>, and in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Grimnitz" title="Treaty of Grimnitz">Treaty of Grimnitz</a>, was part of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1653-1815)" class="mw-redirect" title="Province of Pomerania (1653-1815)">Province of Pomerania</a>. It became part of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a> in 1701. In the 18th century, trade with Poland declined, while the production of textiles was developed.<sup id="cite_ref-Kalendarium_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalendarium-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1761, during the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War" title="Seven Years' War">Seven Years' War</a>, the town was <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolberg_(Seven_Years%27_War)" title="Siege of Kolberg (Seven Years' War)">captured after three subsequent sieges</a> by the Russian commander <a href="/wiki/Peter_Rumyantsev" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Rumyantsev">Peter Rumyantsev</a>. At the end of the war, however, Kolberg was returned to Prussia. </p> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 222px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 220px; height: 139px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 220px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GER-COL-S-1453-Prussia-Siege_of_Kolberg-8_groschen-1807.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Emergency issue currency for the siege of Kolberg (1807), 8 groschen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/GER-COL-S-1453-Prussia-Siege_of_Kolberg-8_groschen-1807.jpg/220px-GER-COL-S-1453-Prussia-Siege_of_Kolberg-8_groschen-1807.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/GER-COL-S-1453-Prussia-Siege_of_Kolberg-8_groschen-1807.jpg/330px-GER-COL-S-1453-Prussia-Siege_of_Kolberg-8_groschen-1807.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/GER-COL-S-1453-Prussia-Siege_of_Kolberg-8_groschen-1807.jpg/440px-GER-COL-S-1453-Prussia-Siege_of_Kolberg-8_groschen-1807.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3258" data-file-height="4465" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:GER-COL-S-1453-Prussia-Siege_of_Kolberg-8_groschen-1807.jpg" title="File:GER-COL-S-1453-Prussia-Siege of Kolberg-8 groschen-1807.jpg"> </a></div>Emergency issue currency for the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolberg_(1807)" title="Siege of Kolberg (1807)">siege of Kolberg (1807)</a>, 8 <a href="/wiki/Groschen" title="Groschen">groschen</a> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sulkowski-paul-antoni.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sulkowski-paul-antoni.jpg/150px-Sulkowski-paul-antoni.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sulkowski-paul-antoni.jpg/225px-Sulkowski-paul-antoni.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Sulkowski-paul-antoni.jpg/300px-Sulkowski-paul-antoni.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="494" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Pawe%C5%82_Su%C5%82kowski" title="Antoni Paweł Sułkowski">Antoni Paweł Sułkowski</a>, who led the Polish troops during the siege of 1807, is the namesake of a Kołobrzeg street today</figcaption></figure> <p>During <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon</a>'s invasion of Prussia during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a>, the town was <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolberg_(1807)" title="Siege of Kolberg (1807)">besieged</a> from mid-March to 2 July 1807 by the <a href="/wiki/Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Grande Armée">Grande Armée</a> and by insurgents from Poland against Prussian rule (a street named after General <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Pawe%C5%82_Su%C5%82kowski" title="Antoni Paweł Sułkowski">Antoni Paweł Sułkowski</a>, who led Polish them, is located within the present-day city). As a result of forced conscription, some Poles were also among Prussian soldiers during the battle.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's defense, led by then Lieutenant-Colonel <a href="/wiki/August_von_Gneisenau" class="mw-redirect" title="August von Gneisenau">August von Gneisenau</a>, held out until the war was ended by the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Tilsit" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Tilsit">Treaty of Tilsit</a>. Kolberg was returned to the Prussian <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">province of Pomerania</a> in 1815, after the final defeat of Napoleon; until 1872, it was administered within the <a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%BCrstenthum_(district)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fürstenthum (district) (page does not exist)">Fürstenthum District</a> ("Principality District", recalling the area's former special status), then it was within <a href="/wiki/Landkreis_Kolberg-K%C3%B6rlin" class="mw-redirect" title="Landkreis Kolberg-Körlin">Landkreis Kolberg-Körlin</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marcin_Dunin" title="Marcin Dunin">Marcin Dunin</a>, Archbishop of <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Pozna%C5%84" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Poznań">Poznań</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archbishopric_of_Gniezno" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishopric of Gniezno">Gniezno</a> and Roman Catholic primate of Poland, was imprisoned for sedition by the Prussian authorities for ten months in 1839–1840 in the city<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and after his release, he tried to organise a chaplaincy for the many Polish soldiers stationed in Kolberg.<sup id="cite_ref-II_Rzeczypospolitej_1984,_pages_139-146_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-II_Rzeczypospolitej_1984,_pages_139-146-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 19th century the city had a small but active Polish population that increased during the century to account for 1.5% of the population by 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Polish community funded a Catholic school and the Church of Saint Marcin where masses in Polish were held (initially throughout the season, after about 1890 all the year), were established.<sup id="cite_ref-Kalendarium_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kalendarium-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Palkowski_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Palkowski-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jancke_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jancke-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dating back to 1261 Kolberg's Jewish population amounted to 528 people in 1887, rising to 580 two years later, and although many moved to Berlin after that date they numbered around 500 by the end of the Nineteenth century<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 1924 and 1935, the American-German painter <a href="/wiki/Lyonel_Feininger" title="Lyonel Feininger">Lyonel Feininger</a>, a tutor at the <a href="/wiki/Staatliches_Bauhaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Staatliches Bauhaus">Staatliches Bauhaus</a>, visited Kolberg repeatedly and painted the cathedral and environs of the town. </p><p>In the May elections of 1933, the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Party" title="Nazi Party">Nazi Party</a> received by far the most votes, 9,842 out of 19,607 cast votes.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolobrzeg-pomnik-ku-pamieci-zydowskich-mieszkancow-080404-210.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kolobrzeg-pomnik-ku-pamieci-zydowskich-mieszkancow-080404-210.jpg/170px-Kolobrzeg-pomnik-ku-pamieci-zydowskich-mieszkancow-080404-210.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kolobrzeg-pomnik-ku-pamieci-zydowskich-mieszkancow-080404-210.jpg/255px-Kolobrzeg-pomnik-ku-pamieci-zydowskich-mieszkancow-080404-210.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Kolobrzeg-pomnik-ku-pamieci-zydowskich-mieszkancow-080404-210.jpg/340px-Kolobrzeg-pomnik-ku-pamieci-zydowskich-mieszkancow-080404-210.jpg 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Lapidarium to Jewish minority from the city murdered by Nazi Germany. Lapidarium raised by Polish authorities in Kołobrzeg in 2000. The inscription is in Polish, Hebrew, and German</figcaption></figure> <p>When the Nazis took power in Germany in 1933, the Jewish community in Kolberg comprised 200 people, and the antisemitic repression by Germany's ruling party led several of them to flee the country. A Nazi newspaper, the <i>Kolberger Beobachter</i>, listed Jewish shops and business that were to be boycotted. Nazis also engaged in hate propaganda against Jewish lawyers, doctors, and craftsmen.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the end of 1935, Jews were banned from working in the city's health spas.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During <a href="/wiki/Kristallnacht" title="Kristallnacht">Kristallnacht</a>, the Jewish synagogue and homes were destroyed, and in 1938 the local Jewish cemetery was vandalised, while a cemetery shrine was turned to <a href="/wiki/Stable" title="Stable">stable</a> by German soldiers.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1938, all Jews in Kolberg, as all over Germany, were renamed in official German documents as "Israel" (for males) or "Sarah" (for females). In the beginning of 1939, Jews were banned from attending German schools and the entire adult population had its driving licenses revoked.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After years of discrimination and harassment, local Jews were deported by the German authorities to concentration camps in 1940. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_World_War">Second World War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Second World War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolobrzeg-Pomnik_Sanitariuszki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kolobrzeg-Pomnik_Sanitariuszki.jpg/220px-Kolobrzeg-Pomnik_Sanitariuszki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kolobrzeg-Pomnik_Sanitariuszki.jpg/330px-Kolobrzeg-Pomnik_Sanitariuszki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Kolobrzeg-Pomnik_Sanitariuszki.jpg/440px-Kolobrzeg-Pomnik_Sanitariuszki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Statue of the Nurse – a statue in memory of women who fought for the Polish state during the Second World War and in battle for Kołobrzeg, the woman is based on Ewelina Nowak who died in 1945 in the city while trying to save a wounded soldier</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the German state brought in numerous <a href="/wiki/Forced_labor_in_Germany_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced labor in Germany during World War II">forced laborers</a> to the city, among them many Poles.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city's economy was changed to military production-especially after the German invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The forced laborers were threatened with everyday harassment and repression; they were forbidden from using phones, holding cultural events and sports events, they could not visit restaurants or swimming pools, or have contact with the local German population.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poles were only allowed to attend a church mass once a month – and only in the German language.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also had smaller food rations than Germans, and had to wear a <a href="/wiki/P_(Nazi_symbol)" title="P (Nazi symbol)">sign with the letter P</a> on their clothes indicating their ethnic background.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, medical help for Polish workers was limited by the authorities.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arrests and imprisonment for various offences, such as "slow pace of work" or leaving the workspace, were everyday occurrences.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A labour subcamp of the <a href="/wiki/Stalag_II-D" title="Stalag II-D">Stalag II-D</a> <a href="/wiki/German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_II" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War II">prisoner-of-war camp</a> for <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> POWs was also operated in the city by Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1944, the city was selected as a fortress — <i>Festung Kolberg</i>. The 1807 siege was used for the last <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> propaganda film, <i><a href="/wiki/Kolberg_(film)" title="Kolberg (film)">Kolberg</a></i> shortly before the end of the war by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a>. It was meant to inspire the Germans with its depiction of the heroic Prussian defence during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>. Tremendous resources were devoted to filming this epic, even diverting tens of thousands of troops from the front lines to have them serve as extras in battle scenes. Ironically, the film was released in the final few weeks of Nazi Germany's existence, when most of the country's cinemas were already destroyed. </p><p>On 10 February 1945, the German torpedo-boat T-196 brought about 300 survivors of the <a href="/wiki/SS_General_von_Steuben" title="SS General von Steuben"><i>General von Steuben</i></a>, which had been sunk by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_submarine_S-13" title="Soviet submarine S-13">Soviet submarine S-13</a> to Kolberg. As the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army#Second_World_War_("The_Great_Patriotic_War")" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> advanced on Kolberg, most of the inhabitants and tens of thousands of refugees from surrounding areas (about 70,000 were trapped in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolberg_(1945)" title="Battle of Kolberg (1945)">Kolberg Pocket</a>), as well as 40,000 German soldiers, were evacuated from the besieged city by German naval forces in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Hannibal" title="Operation Hannibal">Operation Hannibal</a>. Only about two thousand soldiers were left on 17 March to cover the last sea transports. </p><p>Between 4 and 18 March 1945, there were <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolberg_(1945)" title="Battle of Kolberg (1945)">major battles</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Soviet</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Polish_Army_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="First Polish Army (1944–1945)">Polish</a> forces and the <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> army. Because of a lack of anti-tank weapons, German destroyers used their guns to support the defenders of Kolberg until nearly all of the soldiers and civilians had been evacuated. During the fights, Polish soldiers' losses were 1,013 dead, 142 MIA and 2,652 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 18 March, the <a href="/wiki/Ludowe_Wojsko_Polskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Ludowe Wojsko Polskie">Polish Army</a> re-enacted <i><a href="/wiki/Poland%27s_Wedding_to_the_Sea" title="Poland's Wedding to the Sea">Poland's Wedding to the Sea</a></i> ceremony, which had been celebrated for the first time in 1920 by General <a href="/wiki/Jozef_Haller_de_Hallenburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Jozef Haller de Hallenburg">Józef Haller</a>. </p><p>After the battle the city for several weeks was under Soviet administration, the Germans that had not yet fled were <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%9350)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)">expelled</a> and the city was plundered by the Soviet troops.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Freed Polish forced laborers remained and were joined by Polish railwaymen from <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Warsaw" title="Destruction of Warsaw">destroyed by the Germans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Epoki_18-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="max-width: 852px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Before, during, and after the war</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolobrzeg_c1890-1905_LOC_00729u.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kolberg between 1890 and 1905"><img alt="Kolberg between 1890 and 1905" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kolobrzeg_c1890-1905_LOC_00729u.jpg/170px-Kolobrzeg_c1890-1905_LOC_00729u.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kolobrzeg_c1890-1905_LOC_00729u.jpg/255px-Kolobrzeg_c1890-1905_LOC_00729u.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Kolobrzeg_c1890-1905_LOC_00729u.jpg/340px-Kolobrzeg_c1890-1905_LOC_00729u.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="2568" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Kolberg between 1890 and 1905</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolberg_Strandschloss_Rosengarten_1900.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Strandschloss (Beach Castle) in Kolberg c. 1900"><img alt="Strandschloss (Beach Castle) in Kolberg c. 1900" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kolberg_Strandschloss_Rosengarten_1900.jpg/170px-Kolberg_Strandschloss_Rosengarten_1900.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kolberg_Strandschloss_Rosengarten_1900.jpg/255px-Kolberg_Strandschloss_Rosengarten_1900.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Kolberg_Strandschloss_Rosengarten_1900.jpg/340px-Kolberg_Strandschloss_Rosengarten_1900.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3508" data-file-height="2598" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Strandschloss (Beach Castle) in Kolberg c. 1900</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolobrzeg1945.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="80% of the city destroyed in 1945"><img alt="80% of the city destroyed in 1945" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Kolobrzeg1945.JPG/170px-Kolobrzeg1945.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Kolobrzeg1945.JPG/255px-Kolobrzeg1945.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Kolobrzeg1945.JPG/340px-Kolobrzeg1945.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1962" data-file-height="1551" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">80% of the city destroyed in 1945</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ko%C5%82obrzeg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ratuszowy Square, Kołobrzeg in 2019"><img alt="Ratuszowy Square, Kołobrzeg in 2019" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ko%C5%82obrzeg.jpg/170px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ko%C5%82obrzeg.jpg/255px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Ko%C5%82obrzeg.jpg/340px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3096" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ratuszowy Square, Kołobrzeg in 2019</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_Poland">Post-war Poland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-war Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ko%C5%82obrzeg2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ko%C5%82obrzeg2021.jpg/220px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ko%C5%82obrzeg2021.jpg/330px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Ko%C5%82obrzeg2021.jpg/440px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Port of Kołobrzeg">Port of Kołobrzeg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> the region became again part of Poland, under territorial changes demanded by the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and the Soviet-installed Polish Communist regime at the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Conference" title="Potsdam Conference">Potsdam Conference</a>. Most Germans that had not yet fled were <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%9350)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)">expelled from their homes</a> in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement" title="Potsdam Agreement">Potsdam Agreement</a>. The town was resettled by Polish citizens, many of whom were themselves <a href="/wiki/Repatriation_of_Poles_(1944-1946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Repatriation of Poles (1944-1946)">Polish refugees</a> from regions east of <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_Poland_annexed_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union">former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union</a>, from where they had been displaced by Soviet authorities. </p><p>In 2000 the city business council of Kołobrzeg commissioned a monument called the Millennium Memorial as a commemoration of "<a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="Conversion of Pomerania">1000 years of Christianity in Pomerania</a>", and as a tribute to Polish-German Reconciliation, celebrating the meeting of King <a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolesław I of Poland">Bolesław I of Poland</a> and King <a href="/wiki/Otto_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto III">Otto III</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Germany" title="Kingdom of Germany">Germany</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Gniezno" title="Congress of Gniezno">Congress of Gniezno</a>, in the year 1000. It was designed and built by the artist <a href="/wiki/Wiktor_Szostalo" title="Wiktor Szostalo">Wiktor Szostalo</a> in welded stainless steel. The two figures sit at the base of a 5-meter cross, cleft in two and being held together by a dove holding an <a href="/wiki/Olive_branch" title="Olive branch">olive branch</a>. It is installed outside the Basilica Cathedral in the city center. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kołobrzeg has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>: <i>Cfb</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-kottek2006_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kottek2006-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Peel_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peel-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Kołobrzeg (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1951–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.8<br />(64.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.2<br />(73.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(96.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.7<br />(96.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.3<br />(90.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.3<br />(57.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1<br />(48.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3<br />(50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.9<br />(84.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.2<br />(55.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9<br />(49.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">32.4<br />(90.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9<br />(37.2) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9<br />(60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7<br />(71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1<br />(64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #F9F9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(38.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6<br />(45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(49.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">8.9<br />(48.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.5<br />(29.3) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.1<br />(30.0) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(33.3) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1<br />(46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.2<br />(57.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.1<br />(57.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2<br />(31.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10.4<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.5<br />(16.7) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.3<br />(22.5) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.2<br />(29.8) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2<br />(48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2<br />(41.4) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(32.5) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.5<br />(18.5) </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−13.2<br />(8.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−23.9<br />(−11.0) </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−25.5<br />(−13.9) </td> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.7<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.5<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.6<br />(27.3) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(32.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4<br />(36.3) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.7<br />(30.7) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.5<br />(22.1) </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.1<br />(8.4) </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−18.3<br />(−0.9) </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−25.5<br />(−13.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.2<br />(1.90) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.5<br />(1.59) </td> <td style="background: #BFFFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.9<br />(1.69) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0<br />(1.34) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.6<br />(1.99) </td> <td style="background: #92FF92; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.4<br />(2.77) </td> <td style="background: #8CFF8C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.0<br />(3.03) </td> <td style="background: #79FF79; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.9<br />(3.54) </td> <td style="background: #8EFF8E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73.2<br />(2.88) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.9<br />(2.56) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.0<br />(2.01) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.0<br />(2.17) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">697.7<br />(27.47) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(0.5) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.0<br />(2.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">17.67 </td> <td style="background: #2A2AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.69 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.00 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.07 </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.80 </td> <td style="background: #5757FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.13 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.00 </td> <td style="background: #5151FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.07 </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.70 </td> <td style="background: #3E3EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15.60 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16.20 </td> <td style="background: #1717FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18.77 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">176.69 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0 cm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">29.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000BD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000C6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000D5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000D6; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000CE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000CD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000C5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000BB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000B0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000C5; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">81.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #4E4E4E; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">42.7 </td> <td style="background: #858585; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.8 </td> <td style="background: #B9B94A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">127.8 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.9 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">255.6 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">253.0 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">255.1 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">236.5 </td> <td style="background: #CCCC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">163.3 </td> <td style="background: #AFAF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">104.9 </td> <td style="background: #5A5A5A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">47.9 </td> <td style="background: #373737; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">30.6 </td> <td style="background: #C4C40A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,783.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Institute of Meteorology and Water Management<sup id="cite_ref-IMGWtavg_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMGWtavg-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMGWtmin_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMGWtmin-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMGWtmax_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMGWtmax-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMGWprecip_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMGWprecip-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMGWprecipdays_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMGWprecipdays-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMGWsnowdepth_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMGWsnowdepth-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMGWsnowdays_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMGWsnowdays-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IMGWsun_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMGWsun-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Meteomodel.pl (records, relative humidity 1991–2020)<sup id="cite_ref-recordhigh_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recordhigh-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-recordlow_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-recordlow-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-relativehumidity_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-relativehumidity-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latarnia_Morska_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu,_FOT._Jakub_Strzelczyk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Latarnia_Morska_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu%2C_FOT._Jakub_Strzelczyk.jpg/250px-Latarnia_Morska_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu%2C_FOT._Jakub_Strzelczyk.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Latarnia_Morska_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu%2C_FOT._Jakub_Strzelczyk.jpg/375px-Latarnia_Morska_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu%2C_FOT._Jakub_Strzelczyk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Latarnia_Morska_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu%2C_FOT._Jakub_Strzelczyk.jpg/500px-Latarnia_Morska_w_Ko%C5%82obrzegu%2C_FOT._Jakub_Strzelczyk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3999" data-file-height="2995" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Lighthouse" title="Kołobrzeg Lighthouse">Lighthouse in Kołobrzeg</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Before the end of World War II the town was predominantly German Protestant with Polish and Jewish minorities. Almost all of the pre-war German population fled or was expelled so that since 1945, Polish Catholics make up the majority of the population. Around the turn from the 18th to the 19th century an increase of the number of Catholics was observed, because military personnel had been moved from <a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a> to the town.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1740</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,027</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1782</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,006</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−20.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1794</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,319</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1812</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,597</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+29.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1816</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">5,210</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−6.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1831</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,221</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+19.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1843</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,528</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1852</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,658</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">10,082</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+16.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1880</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">16,027</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+59.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1890</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,999</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.1%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1900</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,200</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+18.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1910</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,786</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+22.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1925</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,115</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1939</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">36,617</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+21.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1950</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,756</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−81.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1960</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">16,732</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+147.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1975</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,800</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+90.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,400</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+42.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">47,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+4.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2004</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">45,500</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2014</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">46,830</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.9%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beach_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Beach_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_2.jpg/250px-Beach_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Beach_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_2.jpg/375px-Beach_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Beach_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_2.jpg/500px-Beach_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Kołobrzeg eastern beach</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourist_destination">Tourist destination</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Tourist destination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kołobrzeg today is a popular tourist destination for Poles, Germans and due to the ferry connection to Bornholm also Danish people. It provides a unique combination of a <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">seaside resort</a>, health resort, an old town full of historic monuments and tourist entertainment options (e.g. numerous "beer gardens"). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ko%C5%82obrzeg,_wej%C5%9Bcie_do_portu_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_wej%C5%9Bcie_do_portu_-_panoramio.jpg/620px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_wej%C5%9Bcie_do_portu_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="620" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_wej%C5%9Bcie_do_portu_-_panoramio.jpg/930px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_wej%C5%9Bcie_do_portu_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_wej%C5%9Bcie_do_portu_-_panoramio.jpg/1240px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg%2C_wej%C5%9Bcie_do_portu_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="596" /></a><figcaption>Panorama of Kołobrzeg</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bike_path_to_Podczele">Bike path to Podczele</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bike path to Podczele"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The town is part of the <a href="/wiki/European_Route_of_Brick_Gothic" title="European Route of Brick Gothic">European Route of Brick Gothic</a><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> network. A bike path "to Podczele", located along the seaside was commissioned on 14 July 2004. The path extends from Kołobrzeg to Podczele. The path has been financed by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, and is intended to be part of a unique biking path that will ultimately circle the entire <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The path was breached on 24 March 2010 due to the encroachment of the sea associated with the draining of the adjacent unique Eco-Park marsh area. The government of Poland has allocated PLN 90,000 to repair the breach, and the path re-opened within a year. It was also extended in 2011 to connected with Ustronie Morskie 8 km (5 mi) to the east. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oldest_oak">Oldest oak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Oldest oak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>South of <a href="/wiki/Bagicz" title="Bagicz">Bagicz</a>, some 4 km (2 mi) from Kołobrzeg, there is an 806-year-old <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a> (2008). Dated in the year 2000 as the oldest oak in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, it was named Bolesław to commemorate the king <a href="/wiki/Boleslaus_the_Brave" class="mw-redirect" title="Boleslaus the Brave">Boleslaus the Brave</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_center">Cultural center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cultural center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kołobrzeg is also a regional cultural center. In the summer take place – a number of concerts of popular singers, musicians, and cabarets. Municipal Cultural Center, is located in the <i>Park teatralny</i>. Keep under attachment artistic arts, theater and dance. Patron of youth teams and the vocal choir. Interfolk organizes the annual festival, the International Meeting of the folklore and other cultural events. Cinema is a place for meetings Piast Discussion Film Club. </p><p>In Kołobrzeg there are many permanent and temporary exhibitions of artistic and historical interest. In the town hall of Kołobrzeg is located Gallery of Modern Art, where exhibitions are exposed artists from Kołobrzeg, as well as outside the local artistic circles. Gallery also conducts educational activities, including organized by the gallery of art lessons for children and young people from schools. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pier">Pier</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pier"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Piers_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Piers_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_.jpg/220px-Piers_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Piers_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_.jpg/330px-Piers_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Piers_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_.jpg/440px-Piers_in_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1328" data-file-height="747" /></a><figcaption>Pier by night</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_Pier" title="Kołobrzeg Pier">Kołobrzeg Pier</a> is currently the second longest pier in the <a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="West Pomeranian Voivodeship">West Pomeranian Voivodeship</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzyzdroje_Pier" title="Międzyzdroje Pier">pier in Międzyzdroje</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Jetty" title="Jetty">jetty</a> positioned on the end of the pier enables small ships to sail for sightseeing excursions.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Museums"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ORP_Fala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/ORP_Fala.jpg/220px-ORP_Fala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/ORP_Fala.jpg/330px-ORP_Fala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/ORP_Fala.jpg/440px-ORP_Fala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1113" data-file-height="930" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/ORP_Fala" title="ORP Fala">ORP <i>Fala</i></a>, a <a href="/wiki/Museum_ship" title="Museum ship">museum ship</a> in Kołobrzeg</figcaption></figure> <p>In town, there is a museum of Polish weapons (<a href="/wiki/Muzeum_Or%C4%99%C5%BCa_Polskiego" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzeum Oręża Polskiego">Muzeum Oręża Polskiego</a>), which are presented in the collections of militaria from the early Middle Ages to the present. The palace of Braunschweig include part of museum dedicated to the history of the city. In their collections branch presents a collection of rare and common measurement tools, as well as specific measures of the workshop. The local museum is also moored at the port of ORP Fala patrol ship, built in 1964, after leaving the service transformed into a museum. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Train_connections">Train connections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Train connections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ko%C5%82obrzeg_stacja_kolejowa_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_stacja_kolejowa_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg_stacja_kolejowa_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_stacja_kolejowa_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg_stacja_kolejowa_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_stacja_kolejowa_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Ko%C5%82obrzeg_stacja_kolejowa_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2341" data-file-height="1562" /></a><figcaption>Kołobrzeg train station</figcaption></figure> <p>Kołobrzeg has connections among others to <a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a>, <a href="/wiki/%22Solidarity%22_Szczecin%E2%80%93Goleni%C3%B3w_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title=""Solidarity" Szczecin–Goleniów Airport">"Solidarity" Szczecin–Goleniów Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferry">Ferry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A seasonal ferry service to <a href="/wiki/Nex%C3%B8" title="Nexø">Nexø</a> on the Danish island of <a href="/wiki/Bornholm" title="Bornholm">Bornholm</a> is offered by the catamaran <i>Jantar</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trip takes 4,5 hours<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and carries passengers but no cars. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SKK_Kotwica_Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="SKK Kotwica Kołobrzeg">SKK Kotwica Kołobrzeg</a> – basketball club, which in the 2000s and 2010s competed in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_Basketball_League" title="Polish Basketball League">Polish Basketball League</a>, country's top flight</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotwica_Ko%C5%82obrzeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotwica Kołobrzeg">Kotwica Kołobrzeg</a> – football club</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viktoria_Kolberg" title="Viktoria Kolberg">Viktoria Kolberg</a> - former German football club, dissolved in 1945</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prymas_Marcin_Dunin.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Prymas_Marcin_Dunin.JPG/150px-Prymas_Marcin_Dunin.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Prymas_Marcin_Dunin.JPG/225px-Prymas_Marcin_Dunin.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Prymas_Marcin_Dunin.JPG/300px-Prymas_Marcin_Dunin.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2604" data-file-height="3472" /></a><figcaption>Monument of <a href="/wiki/Marcin_Dunin" title="Marcin Dunin">Marcin Dunin</a>, 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Primate_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Primate of Poland">primate of Poland</a>, in Kołobrzeg</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C5%82k_Ryszard_Kukli%C5%84ski.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/P%C5%82k_Ryszard_Kukli%C5%84ski.jpg/150px-P%C5%82k_Ryszard_Kukli%C5%84ski.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/P%C5%82k_Ryszard_Kukli%C5%84ski.jpg/225px-P%C5%82k_Ryszard_Kukli%C5%84ski.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bc/P%C5%82k_Ryszard_Kukli%C5%84ski.jpg 2x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Kukli%C5%84ski" title="Ryszard Kukliński">Ryszard Kukliński</a>, Polish colonel who spied for <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Pachius" title="Petrus Pachius">Petrus Pachius</a> (1579–1641/42) a German Protestant minister, teacher and poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Wilhelm_Ramler" title="Karl Wilhelm Ramler">Karl Wilhelm Ramler</a> (1725–1798), poet, translator, director at Berlin theater <sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Pl%C3%BCddemann" title="Hermann Plüddemann">Hermann Plüddemann</a> (1809–1868) a German historical painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Maass" title="Ernst Maass">Ernst Maass</a> (1856–1929) a German classical philologist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Magnus Hirschfeld</a> (1868–1935), physician, sociologist and early 20th century Gay rights campaigner</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Oestreich" title="Paul Oestreich">Paul Oestreich</a> (1878–1959), educator, reformer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Zadikow" title="Arnold Zadikow">Arnold Zadikow</a> (1884–1943), German-Jewish sculptor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-J%C3%BCrgen_Stumpff" title="Hans-Jürgen Stumpff">Hans-Jürgen Stumpff</a> (1889–1968), German general of <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a>, co-signer of unconditional surrender 8 May 1945 in Berlin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCnther_Angern" title="Günther Angern">Günther Angern</a> (1893–1943), <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> general</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Kr%C3%BCger" title="Werner Krüger">Werner Krüger</a> (1910–2003), German engineer, invented <a href="/wiki/Krueger_flap" title="Krueger flap">Krueger flap</a> in 1943</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erika_von_Brockdorff" title="Erika von Brockdorff">Erika von Brockdorff</a> (1911–1943), German resistance fighter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl-Heinz_Marbach" title="Karl-Heinz Marbach">Karl-Heinz Marbach</a> (1917–1995), German U-boat commander</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egon_Krenz" title="Egon Krenz">Egon Krenz</a> (born 1937), last communist leader of <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Lucyga" title="Christine Lucyga">Christine Lucyga</a> (born 1944), politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joanna_Nowicka" title="Joanna Nowicka">Joanna Nowicka</a> (born 1966) a Polish archer, competed in four consecutive Summer Olympics from 1988.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Karpiniuk" title="Sebastian Karpiniuk">Sebastian Karpiniuk</a> (1972–2010) a Polish politician, an assistant to President of Kołobrzeg, died in plane crash</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dariusz_Trafas" title="Dariusz Trafas">Dariusz Trafas</a> (born 1972), athlete, javelin throw national record holder</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daria_Korczy%C5%84ska" title="Daria Korczyńska">Daria Korczyńska</a> (born 1981) a retired track and field sprint athlete</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Szpak" title="Robert Szpak">Robert Szpak</a> (born 1989), athlete, javelin throw, 2008 World Junior Champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maja_Hy%C5%BCy" title="Maja Hyży">Maja Hyży</a> (born 1989) a Polish singer, participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Famous_persons_connected_with_the_city">Famous persons connected with the city</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Famous persons connected with the city"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcin_Dunin" title="Marcin Dunin">Marcin Dunin</a> (1774–1842) archbishop of Poznań and Gniezno, primate of Poland. Imprisoned in the fortress in the city<sup id="cite_ref-II_Rzeczypospolitej_1984,_pages_139-146_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-II_Rzeczypospolitej_1984,_pages_139-146-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ludwig_Jahn" title="Friedrich Ludwig Jahn">Friedrich Ludwig Jahn</a>, (1778–1852), <i>father of gymnastics</i>, was imprisoned in Kolberg fortress in the 1820s <sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Adolf_Wilhelm_von_L%C3%BCtzow" title="Ludwig Adolf Wilhelm von Lützow">Adolf von Lützow</a>, (1782–1834) a Prussian officer, served with distinction in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Kolberg_(1807)" title="Siege of Kolberg (1807)">siege of Kolberg</a> in 1807 <sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiktor_Szostalo" title="Wiktor Szostalo">Wiktor Szostalo</a>, (born 1952) sculptor and former <a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Polish_trade_union)" title="Solidarity (Polish trade union)">Solidarity</a> activist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Pog%C3%A1ny" title="Jan Pogány">Jan Pogány</a>, (born 1960) classical composer, conductor and cellist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Kukli%C5%84ski" title="Ryszard Kukliński">Ryszard Kukliński</a>, (1930–2004) colonel and spy for NATO in the Cold War period, attended high school in the city.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Poland" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland">List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kołobrzeg is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bad_Oldesloe" title="Bad Oldesloe">Bad Oldesloe</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barth,_Germany" title="Barth, Germany">Barth</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pankow" title="Pankow">Berlin Pankow</a>, Germany</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Feodosia" title="Feodosia">Feodosia</a>, Ukraine</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Follonica" title="Follonica">Follonica</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Koekelberg" title="Koekelberg">Koekelberg</a>, Belgium</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Landskrona" title="Landskrona">Landskrona</a>, Sweden</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nex%C3%B8" title="Nexø">Nexø</a>, Denmark</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark"><img alt="Denmark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/20px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/31px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Flag_of_Denmark.svg/40px-Flag_of_Denmark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="387" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nyborg" title="Nyborg">Nyborg</a>, Denmark</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland"><img alt="Finland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pori" title="Pori">Pori</a>, Finland</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden"><img alt="Sweden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Sweden.svg/46px-Flag_of_Sweden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Simrishamn" title="Simrishamn">Simrishamn</a>, Sweden</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbertiada" title="Herbertiada">Herbertiada</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFADIPS_Sp._z_o.o." class="citation web cs1">ADIPS Sp. z o.o. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218160306/http://dict.pl/dict?word=ko%25C5%2582o&words=&lang=EN">"DICT – English Polish Dictionary"</a>. Dict.pl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dict.pl/dict?word=ko%C5%82o&words=&lang=EN">the original</a> on 18 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DICT+%E2%80%93+English+Polish+Dictionary&rft.pub=Dict.pl&rft.au=ADIPS+Sp.+z+o.o.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dict.pl%2Fdict%3Fword%3Dko%25C5%2582o%26words%3D%26lang%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFADIPS_Sp._z_o.o." class="citation web cs1">ADIPS Sp. z o.o. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120218160318/http://dict.pl/dict?word=brzeg&words=&lang=EN">"DICT – English Polish Dictionary"</a>. Dict.pl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dict.pl/dict?word=brzeg&words=&lang=EN">the original</a> on 18 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DICT+%E2%80%93+English+Polish+Dictionary&rft.pub=Dict.pl&rft.au=ADIPS+Sp.+z+o.o.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dict.pl%2Fdict%3Fword%3Dbrzeg%26words%3D%26lang%3DEN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiskorski1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Piskorski, Jan Maria (1999). "Die Urgeschichte (bis zum Ende des 11. Jahrhunderts)". In Piskorski, Jan Maria (ed.). <i>Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten</i> (in German). Zamek Ksiazat Pomorskich. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8390618487" title="Special:BookSources/978-8390618487"><bdi>978-8390618487</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+Urgeschichte+%28bis+zum+Ende+des+11.+Jahrhunderts%29&rft.btitle=Pommern+im+Wandel+der+Zeiten&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Zamek+Ksiazat+Pomorskich&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-8390618487&rft.aulast=Piskorski&rft.aufirst=Jan+Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKempke2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kempke, Torsten (2001). "Skandinavisch-slawische Kontakte an der südlichen Ostseeküste". In Harck, Ole; Lübke, Christian (eds.). <i>Zwischen Reric und Bornhöved: Die Beziehungen zwischen den Dänen und ihren slawischen Nachbarn vom 9. Bis ins 13. Jahrhundert: Beiträge einer internationalen Konferenz, Leipzig, 4.-6. Dezember 1997</i> (in German). Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-515-07671-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-515-07671-9"><bdi>3-515-07671-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Skandinavisch-slawische+Kontakte+an+der+s%C3%BCdlichen+Ostseek%C3%BCste&rft.btitle=Zwischen+Reric+und+Bornh%C3%B6ved%3A+Die+Beziehungen+zwischen+den+D%C3%A4nen+und+ihren+slawischen+Nachbarn+vom+9.+Bis+ins+13.+Jahrhundert%3A+Beitr%C3%A4ge+einer+internationalen+Konferenz%2C+Leipzig%2C+4.-6.+Dezember+1997&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=3-515-07671-9&rft.aulast=Kempke&rft.aufirst=Torsten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zardziej-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zardziej_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tadeusz Gasztold, Hieronim Kroczyński, Hieronim Rybicki, Kołobrzeg: zarys dziejów, Wydaw. Poznańskie, 1979, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-210-0072-X" title="Special:BookSources/83-210-0072-X">83-210-0072-X</a>, p.8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kalendarium-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kalendarium_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kalendarium_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kalendarium_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kalendarium_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://serwis.kolobrzeg.eu/historia_kalendarium.htm">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090927034919/http://serwis.kolobrzeg.eu/historia_kalendarium.htm">Archived</a> 27 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Historic calendar of the city's Official webpage</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schich-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schich_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schich_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schich_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schich_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, <i>Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft: Gesammelte Beiträge 1977 bis 1999 zur Geschichte der Zisterzienser und der "<a href="/wiki/Germania_Slavica" title="Germania Slavica">Germania Slavica</a>", BWV Verlag, 2007, p.280, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4">3-8305-0378-4</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koebler341-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Koebler341_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koebler341_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerhard Köbler, <i>Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder: die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart</i>, 7th edition, C.H.Beck, 2007, p.341, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-406-54986-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-406-54986-1">3-406-54986-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harck1516-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Harck1516_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ole Harck, Christian Lübke, Zwischen Reric und Bornhöved: Die Beziehungen zwischen den Dänen und ihren slawischen Nachbarn vom 9. Bis ins 13. Jahrhundert: Beiträge einer internationalen Konferenz, Leipzig, 4.-6. Dezember 1997, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001, pp.15,16, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-515-07671-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-515-07671-9">3-515-07671-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, <i>Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert</i>, Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, <i>Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der <a href="/wiki/Germania_Slavica" title="Germania Slavica">Germania Slavica</a></i>, BWV Verlag, 2007, p.263, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4">3-8305-0378-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mueller-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mueller_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mueller_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eckhard Müller-Mertens, Heidelore Böcker, <i>Konzeptionelle Ansätze der Hanse-Historiographie</i>, Porta Alba, 2003, p.133, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-933701-06-6" title="Special:BookSources/3-933701-06-6">3-933701-06-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, <i>Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert</i>, Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, <i>Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der <a href="/wiki/Germania_Slavica" title="Germania Slavica">Germania Slavica</a></i>, BWV Verlag, 2007, p.277, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4">3-8305-0378-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarnut282-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jarnut282_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarnut282_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarnut282_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, <i>Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert</i>, Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, <i>Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der <a href="/wiki/Germania_Slavica" title="Germania Slavica">Germania Slavica</a></i>, BWV Verlag, 2007, p.282, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4">3-8305-0378-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarnut278-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jarnut278_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, <i>Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert</i>, Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, <i>Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der <a href="/wiki/Germania_Slavica" title="Germania Slavica">Germania Slavica</a></i>, BWV Verlag, 2007, p.278, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4">3-8305-0378-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-townwebsiteoccupation-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-townwebsiteoccupation_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-townwebsiteoccupation_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-townwebsiteoccupation_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://miasto.kolobrzeg.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58:epoki-historyczne&catid=37:historia&Itemid=78">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101227232418/http://miasto.kolobrzeg.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58:epoki-historyczne&catid=37:historia&Itemid=78">Archived</a> 27 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 'Historical eras' Official webpage of the city: The local Slavic population engaged in fishery, salt trade and various crafts.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarnut274-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jarnut274_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, <i>Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert</i>, Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, <i>Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der <a href="/wiki/Germania_Slavica" title="Germania Slavica">Germania Slavica</a></i>, BWV Verlag, 2007, p.274, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4">3-8305-0378-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarnut289-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jarnut289_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarnut289_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarnut289_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarnut289_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, <i>Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert</i>, Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, <i>Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der <a href="/wiki/Germania_Slavica" title="Germania Slavica">Germania Slavica</a></i>, BWV Verlag, 2007, p.289, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4">3-8305-0378-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Epoki-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Epoki_18-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miasto.kolobrzeg.eu/epoki-historyczne">"Epoki Historyczne"</a>. <i>Miasto Kołobrzeg</i> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Miasto+Ko%C5%82obrzeg&rft.atitle=Epoki+Historyczne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmiasto.kolobrzeg.eu%2Fepoki-historyczne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Berend-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Berend_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nora Berend, <i>Christianization and the Rise of Christian Monarchy: Scandinavia, Central Europe and Rus' C. 900–1200</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2007, p.293, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-87616-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-87616-8">0-521-87616-8</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87616-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-87616-2">978-0-521-87616-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Warner-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Warner_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Warner, <i>Ottonian Germany: The Chronicon of Thietmar of Merseburg</i>, Manchester University Press, 2001, p.358, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-4926-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-4926-1">0-7190-4926-1</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4926-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4926-2">978-0-7190-4926-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borgolte-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Borgolte_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Borgolte, Benjamin Scheller, <i>Polen und Deutschland vor 1000 Jahren: Die Berliner Tagung über den"akt von Gnesen"</i>, Akademie Verlag, 2002, p.282, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-05-003749-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-05-003749-0">3-05-003749-0</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-05-003749-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-05-003749-3">978-3-05-003749-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wille-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wille_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Müller-Wille, <i>Rom und Byzanz im Norden: Mission und Glaubenswechsel im Ostseeraum während des 8.-14. Jahrhunderts: internationale Fachkonferenz der deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft in Verbindung mit der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz: Kiel, 18.-25. 9. 1994</i>, 1997, p.105, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-515-07498-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-515-07498-8">3-515-07498-8</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-515-07498-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-515-07498-8">978-3-515-07498-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarnut275-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jarnut275_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, <i>Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert</i>, Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, <i>Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der <a href="/wiki/Germania_Slavica" title="Germania Slavica">Germania Slavica</a></i>, BWV Verlag, 2007, p.275, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4">3-8305-0378-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarnut273274-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jarnut273274_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarnut273274_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, <i>Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert</i>, Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, <i>Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der <a href="/wiki/Germania_Slavica" title="Germania Slavica">Germania Slavica</a></i>, BWV Verlag, 2007, pp.273–274, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4">3-8305-0378-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarnut274ff-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jarnut274ff_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, <i>Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert</i>, Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, <i>Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der <a href="/wiki/Germania_Slavica" title="Germania Slavica">Germania Slavica</a></i>, BWV Verlag, 2007, pp.274 ff, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4">3-8305-0378-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joachim Herrmann, Die Slawen in Deutschland, Akademie-Verlag Berlin, 1985, pp.386</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://miasto.kolobrzeg.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=97&Itemid=179">Nazwa Kołobrzeg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120206071026/http://miasto.kolobrzeg.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=97&Itemid=179">Archived</a> 6 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Official website of the city</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buchholz_p.75-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Buchholz_p.75_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Werner Buchholz, <i>Pommern</i>, Siedler, 1999, p.75, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-88680-272-8" title="Special:BookSources/3-88680-272-8">3-88680-272-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brather156-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brather156_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brather156_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sebastian Brather, <i>Archäologie der westlichen Slawen: Siedlung, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft im früh- und hochmittelalterlichen Ostmitteleuropa</i>, Walter de Gruyter, 2001, p.156, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-11-017061-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-11-017061-2">3-11-017061-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Torsten Kempke in Ole Harck, Christian Lübke, <i>Zwischen Reric und Bornhöved: die Beziehungen zwischen den Dänen und ihren slawischen Nachbarn vom 9. bis ins 13. Jahrhundert : Beiträge einer internationalen Konferenz</i>, Leipzig, 4.-6. Dezember 1997, Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001, p.16, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-515-07671-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-515-07671-9">3-515-07671-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Copy of the charter (in Latin), printed in Heinrich Gottfried Philipp Gengler, Codex juris Municipalis Germaniae Medii Aevi: Regesten und Urkunden zur Verfassungs- und Rechtsgeschichte der deutschen Städte im Mittelalter, F. Enke, 1863, p.609, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NdkcAAAAMAAJ&dq=Colberg+Regesten&pg=PA609">free view</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221130052053/https://books.google.de/books?id=NdkcAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA609&dq=Colberg+Regesten">Archived</a> 30 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koebler341A-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Koebler341A_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerhard Köbler, <i>Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder: die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart</i>, 7th edition, C.H.Beck, 2007, p.341, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-406-54986-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-406-54986-1">3-406-54986-1</a>:"1255 erhielt die deutsche Siedlung nördlich der slawischen Siedlung Stadtrect von Lübeck."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jörg Jarnut, Peter Johanek, <i>Die Frühgeschichte der europäischen Stadt im 11. Jahrhundert</i>, Köln-Weimar-Wien 1998, pp.273–305, republished in Winfried Schich, Ralf Gebuhr, Peter Neumeister, <i>Wirtschaft und Kulturlandschaft – Siedlung und Wirtschaft im Bereich der <a href="/wiki/Germania_Slavica" title="Germania Slavica">Germania Slavica</a></i>, BWV Verlag, 2007, p.280, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8305-0378-4">3-8305-0378-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Franz Manthey: <i>Polnische Kirchengeschichte</i>. Hildesheim 1965, p. 31.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Koebler-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Koebler_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koebler_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koebler_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Koebler_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gerhard Köbler, <i>Historisches Lexikon der Deutschen Länder: die deutschen Territorien vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart</i>, 7th edition, C.H.Beck, 2007, p.113, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-406-54986-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-406-54986-1">3-406-54986-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muzeum.koszalin.pl/?q=node/1699">"Kalendarium 750 lat Koszalina, Muzeum w Koszalinie"</a> (in Polish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 March</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kalendarium+750+lat+Koszalina%2C+Muzeum+w+Koszalinie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuzeum.koszalin.pl%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F1699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tadeusz Gasztold, Hieronim Kroczyński, Hieronim Rybicki, Kołobrzeg: zarys dziejów, Wydaw. Poznańskie, 1979, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-210-0072-X" title="Special:BookSources/83-210-0072-X">83-210-0072-X</a>, p.27 (in Polish)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanger2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Langer, Herbert (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nI9dItT816kC&pg=PA397">"Die Anfänge des Garnisionswesens in Pommern"</a>. In Asmus, Ivo; Droste, Heiko; Olesen, Jens E. (eds.). <i>Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit</i> (in German). Berlin-Hamburg-Münster: LIT Verlag. p. 403. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8258-7150-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-8258-7150-9"><bdi>3-8258-7150-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+Anf%C3%A4nge+des+Garnisionswesens+in+Pommern&rft.btitle=Gemeinsame+Bekannte%3A+Schweden+und+Deutschland+in+der+Fr%C3%BChen+Neuzeit&rft.place=Berlin-Hamburg-M%C3%BCnster&rft.pages=403&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=3-8258-7150-9&rft.aulast=Langer&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnI9dItT816kC%26pg%3DPA397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanger2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Langer, Herbert (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nI9dItT816kC&pg=PA397">"Die Anfänge des Garnisionswesens in Pommern"</a>. In Asmus, Ivo; Droste, Heiko; Olesen, Jens E. (eds.). <i>Gemeinsame Bekannte: Schweden und Deutschland in der Frühen Neuzeit</i> (in German). Berlin-Hamburg-Münster: LIT Verlag. p. 397. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8258-7150-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-8258-7150-9"><bdi>3-8258-7150-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+Anf%C3%A4nge+des+Garnisionswesens+in+Pommern&rft.btitle=Gemeinsame+Bekannte%3A+Schweden+und+Deutschland+in+der+Fr%C3%BChen+Neuzeit&rft.place=Berlin-Hamburg-M%C3%BCnster&rft.pages=397&rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=3-8258-7150-9&rft.aulast=Langer&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnI9dItT816kC%26pg%3DPA397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Papiestwo wobec sprawy polskiej w latach 1772–1865: wybór źródeł</i> Otton Beiersdorf Zaklad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich,1960 page 309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-II_Rzeczypospolitej_1984,_pages_139-146-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-II_Rzeczypospolitej_1984,_pages_139-146_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-II_Rzeczypospolitej_1984,_pages_139-146_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Na stolicy prymasowskiej w Gnieźnie i w Poznaniu: szkice o prymasach Polski w okresie niewoli narodowej i w II Rzeczypospolitej: praca zbiorowa Feliks Lenort Księgarnia Św. Wojciecha, 1984, pages 139–146</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hieronym Kroczyński: Dawny Kołobrzeg, Wydawnictwo Le Petit Café, page 52, Kołobrzeg 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Palkowski-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Palkowski_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Związki Pomorza Zachodniego z Polską" page 100 Szymon Pałkowski, Wyższa Szkoła Inżynierska w Koszalinie 1996</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jancke-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jancke_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Jancke: "Kolberg, Führer durch eine untergegangene Stadt", Husum 2008, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-89876-365-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-89876-365-3">978-3-89876-365-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/article/kolobrzeg/5,history/?action=view&page=3">"Jewish community before 1989 Kołobrzeg"</a>. Museum of the History of Polish Jews<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+community+before+1989+Ko%C5%82obrzeg&rft.pub=Museum+of+the+History+of+Polish+Jews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sztetl.org.pl%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fkolobrzeg%2F5%2Chistory%2F%3Faction%3Dview%26page%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/kolberg.html">"Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte Pommern, Kreis Kolberg"</a>. Verwaltungsgeschichte.de<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deutsche+Verwaltungsgeschichte+Pommern%2C+Kreis+Kolberg&rft.pub=Verwaltungsgeschichte.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.verwaltungsgeschichte.de%2Fkolberg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Kołobrzeg – Historia"Wirtualny Sztetl</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sztetl.org.pl/pl/article/kolobrzeg/5,historia/?ver=3">Kołobrzeg – Historia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723112448/http://www.sztetl.org.pl/pl/article/kolobrzeg/5,historia/?ver=3">Archived</a> 23 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Wirtualny Sztetl-Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kołobrzeg: zarys dziejówb Tadeusz Gasztold, Hieronim Kroczyński, Hieronim Rybicki – 1979 – page 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAniszewska2011" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Aniszewska, Jolanta (2011). "W obowiązku pamięci... Stalag II D i formy upamiętnienia jeńców wojennych w Stargardzie Szczecińskim". <i>Łambinowicki rocznik muzealny</i> (in Polish). <b>34</b>. Opole: 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C5%81ambinowicki+rocznik+muzealny&rft.atitle=W+obowi%C4%85zku+pami%C4%99ci...+Stalag+II+D+i+formy+upami%C4%99tnienia+je%C5%84c%C3%B3w+wojennych+w+Stargardzie+Szczeci%C5%84skim&rft.volume=34&rft.pages=21&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Aniszewska&rft.aufirst=Jolanta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kottek2006-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kottek2006_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKottekGrieserBeckRudolf2006" class="citation journal cs1">Kottek, Markus; Grieser, Jürgen; Beck, Christoph; Rudolf, Bruno; Rubel, Franz (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de/opus4/files/40083/metz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf">"World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Meteorologische Zeitschrift</i>. <b>15</b> (3): 259–263. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006MetZe..15..259K">2006MetZe..15..259K</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1127%2F0941-2948%2F2006%2F0130">10.1127/0941-2948/2006/0130</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meteorologische+Zeitschrift&rft.atitle=World+Map+of+the+K%C3%B6ppen-Geiger+climate+classification+updated&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=259-263&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1127%2F0941-2948%2F2006%2F0130&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006MetZe..15..259K&rft.aulast=Kottek&rft.aufirst=Markus&rft.au=Grieser%2C+J%C3%BCrgen&rft.au=Beck%2C+Christoph&rft.au=Rudolf%2C+Bruno&rft.au=Rubel%2C+Franz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopus.bibliothek.uni-augsburg.de%2Fopus4%2Ffiles%2F40083%2Fmetz_Vol_15_No_3_p259-263_World_Map_of_the_Koppen_Geiger_climate_classification_updated_55034.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peel-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Peel_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeel,_M._C.Finlayson_B._L.McMahon,_T._A.2007" class="citation journal cs1">Peel, M. C.; Finlayson B. L. & McMahon, T. A. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf">"Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci</i>. <b>11</b> (5): 1633–1644. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007HESS...11.1633P">2007HESS...11.1633P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5194%2Fhess-11-1633-2007">10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1027-5606">1027-5606</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hydrol.+Earth+Syst.+Sci.&rft.atitle=Updated+world+map+of+the+K%C3%B6ppen%E2%80%93Geiger+climate+classification&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1633-1644&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=1027-5606&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5194%2Fhess-11-1633-2007&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007HESS...11.1633P&rft.au=Peel%2C+M.+C.&rft.au=Finlayson+B.+L.&rft.au=McMahon%2C+T.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net%2F11%2F1633%2F2007%2Fhess-11-1633-2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWtavg-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWtavg_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203115527/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE">"Średnia dobowa temperatura powietrza"</a>. <i>Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020</i> (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TSR_AVE">the original</a> on 3 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=%C5%9Arednia+dobowa+temperatura+powietrza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FTSR_AVE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWtmin-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWtmin_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115043924/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE">"Średnia minimalna temperatura powietrza"</a>. <i>Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020</i> (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMIN_AVE">the original</a> on 15 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=%C5%9Arednia+minimalna+temperatura+powietrza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FTMIN_AVE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWtmax-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWtmax_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115044916/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE">"Średnia maksymalna temperatura powietrza"</a>. <i>Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020</i> (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/TMAX_AVE">the original</a> on 15 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=%C5%9Arednia+maksymalna+temperatura+powietrza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FTMAX_AVE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWprecip-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWprecip_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220109045820/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA">"Miesięczna suma opadu"</a>. <i>Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020</i> (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_SUMA">the original</a> on 9 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=Miesi%C4%99czna+suma+opadu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FOPAD_SUMA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWprecipdays-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWprecipdays_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115051112/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01">"Liczba dni z opadem >= 0,1 mm"</a>. <i>Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020</i> (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/OPAD_01">the original</a> on 15 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=Liczba+dni+z+opadem+%3E%3D+0%2C1+mm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FOPAD_01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWsnowdepth-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWsnowdepth_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115054936/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_SR_GRUB">"Średnia grubość pokrywy śnieżnej"</a>. <i>Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020</i> (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. 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Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/SNIEG_0">the original</a> on 21 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=Liczba+dni+z+pokryw%C4%85+%C5%9Bnie%C5%BCna+%3E+0+cm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FSNIEG_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMGWsun-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMGWsun_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220115055331/https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL">"Średnia suma usłonecznienia (h)"</a>. <i>Normy klimatyczne 1991-2020</i> (in Polish). Institute of Meteorology and Water Management. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://klimat.imgw.pl/pl/climate-normals/USL">the original</a> on 15 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Normy+klimatyczne+1991-2020&rft.atitle=%C5%9Arednia+suma+us%C5%82onecznienia+%28h%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fklimat.imgw.pl%2Fpl%2Fclimate-normals%2FUSL&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-recordhigh-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-recordhigh_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=354150100&par=tmax&max_empty=3">"Kołobrzeg Absolutna temperatura maksymalna"</a> (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl. 6 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Meteomodel.pl<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ko%C5%82obrzeg+Absolutna+temperatura+minimalna&rft.pub=Meteomodel.pl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeteomodel.pl%2Fdane%2Fsrednie-miesieczne%2F%3Fimgwid%3D354150100%26par%3Dtmin%26max_empty%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-relativehumidity-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-relativehumidity_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meteomodel.pl/dane/srednie-miesieczne/?imgwid=354150100&par=rh&max_empty=3">"Kołobrzeg Średnia wilgotność"</a> (in Polish). Meteomodel.pl<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ko%C5%82obrzeg+%C5%9Arednia+wilgotno%C5%9B%C4%87&rft.pub=Meteomodel.pl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeteomodel.pl%2Fdane%2Fsrednie-miesieczne%2F%3Fimgwid%3D354150100%26par%3Drh%26max_empty%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><i>Dokumentacja Geograficzna</i> (in Polish). Vol. 3/4. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurob.org/index.php5/1/4">the original</a> on 28 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs%2C+Republic+of+Poland&rft.atitle=Preparing+an+EU+Strategy+for+the+Baltic+Sea+Region&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msz.gov.pl%2Fresource%2F5ebe9594-5bcc-44f7-bedd-4cc85f7d7dc2%3AJCR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.germany.travel/en/leisure-and-recreation/scenic-routes/european-route-of-brick-gothic.html">"European Route of Brick Gothic"</a>. <i>German National Tourist Board</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=German+National+Tourist+Board&rft.atitle=European+Route+of+Brick+Gothic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.germany.travel%2Fen%2Fleisure-and-recreation%2Fscenic-routes%2Feuropean-route-of-brick-gothic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hellotravel.com/poland/kolobrzeg-pier">"Kolobrzeg Pier 2019, #2 top things to do in kolobrzeg, west pomeranian voivodeship, reviews, best time to visit, photo gallery | HelloTravel Poland"</a>. <i>www.hellotravel.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hellotravel.com&rft.atitle=Kolobrzeg+Pier+2019%2C+%232+top+things+to+do+in+kolobrzeg%2C+west+pomeranian+voivodeship%2C+reviews%2C+best+time+to+visit%2C+photo+gallery+%7C+HelloTravel+Poland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hellotravel.com%2Fpoland%2Fkolobrzeg-pier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bornholm.pl/serwis/2,promy-na-bornholm">"Promy na Bornholm / Rejsy na Bornholm / Prom Bornholm / Jak dojechać na Bornholm | bornholm.pl"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Promy+na+Bornholm+%2F+Rejsy+na+Bornholm+%2F+Prom+Bornholm+%2F+Jak+dojecha%C4%87+na+Bornholm+%26%23124%3B+bornholm.pl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbornholm.pl%2Fserwis%2F2%2Cpromy-na-bornholm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bornpol.dk/dansk.html">"Bornpol"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bornpol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bornpol.dk%2Fdansk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Ramler,_Karl_Wilhelm"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ramler,_Karl_Wilhelm">"Ramler, Karl Wilhelm" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 22 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ramler%2C_Karl_Wilhelm&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Jahn,_Friedrich_Ludwig"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Jahn,_Friedrich_Ludwig">"Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jahn%2C_Friedrich_Ludwig&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christopher Clark, <i>Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947</i> (Harvard University Press, 2006: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-02385-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-02385-4">0-674-02385-4</a>), p. 402.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Lützow,_Adolf,_Freiherr_von"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/L%C3%BCtzow,_Adolf,_Freiherr_von">"Lützow, Adolf, Freiherr von" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=L%C3%BCtzow%2C_Adolf%2C_Freiherr_von&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gustav_Kratz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gustav Kratz (page does not exist)">Gustav Kratz</a>: <i>Die Städte der Provinz Pommern – Abriss ihrer Geschichte, zumeist nach Urkunden</i> (<i>The Towns of the Province of Pomerania – Sketch of their History, mostly according to historical Records</i>). Berlin 1865 (reprinted in 1996 by Sändig Reprint Verlag, Vaduz, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-253-02734-1" title="Special:BookSources/3-253-02734-1">3-253-02734-1</a>; reprinted in 2011 by <a href="/wiki/Kessinger_Publishing" title="Kessinger Publishing">Kessinger Publishing</a>, U.S.A., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-161-12969-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-161-12969-3">1-161-12969-3</a>), pp. 81–99 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_g2sRAAAAYAAJ/page/n175">online</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ko%C5%82obrzeg&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" class="extiw" title="commons:Kołobrzeg"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Kołobrzeg</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kolberg"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Kolberg">"Kolberg" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kolberg&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKo%C5%82obrzeg" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kolobrzeg.eu">Municipal website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Polish, German, and English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007030444/http://www.turystyka.kolobrzeg.eu/uk/index.htm">History of the town on the tourist promotion site</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mOgRAAAAYAAJ&dq=cassubia&pg=PA123">dutchy of Cassubia</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gminas_of_Kołobrzeg_County" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ko%C5%82obrzeg_County" title="Template:Kołobrzeg County"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ko%C5%82obrzeg_County" title="Template talk:Kołobrzeg County"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ko%C5%82obrzeg_County" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kołobrzeg County"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gminas_of_Kołobrzeg_County" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gmina" title="Gmina">Gminas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg_County" title="Kołobrzeg County">Kołobrzeg County</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kołobrzeg</a> (urban gmina)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_powiat_ko%C5%82obrzeski_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Kołobrzeg County"><img alt="Coat of arms of Kołobrzeg County" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/POL_powiat_ko%C5%82obrzeski_COA.svg/50px-POL_powiat_ko%C5%82obrzeski_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/POL_powiat_ko%C5%82obrzeski_COA.svg/75px-POL_powiat_ko%C5%82obrzeski_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/POL_powiat_ko%C5%82obrzeski_COA.svg/100px-POL_powiat_ko%C5%82obrzeski_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="717" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other gminas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Dygowo" title="Gmina Dygowo">Gmina Dygowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Go%C5%9Bcino" title="Gmina Gościno">Gmina Gościno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Gmina Kołobrzeg">Gmina Kołobrzeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Ryma%C5%84" title="Gmina Rymań">Gmina Rymań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Siemy%C5%9Bl" title="Gmina Siemyśl">Gmina Siemyśl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Ustronie_Morskie" title="Gmina Ustronie Morskie">Gmina Ustronie Morskie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gmina_Kołobrzeg" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gmina_Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Template:Gmina Kołobrzeg"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gmina_Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Template talk:Gmina Kołobrzeg"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gmina_Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gmina Kołobrzeg"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gmina_Kołobrzeg" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Gmina Kołobrzeg">Gmina Kołobrzeg</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seat (not part of the gmina)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kołobrzeg</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_gmina_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/POL_gmina_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg/50px-POL_gmina_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/POL_gmina_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg/75px-POL_gmina_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/POL_gmina_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg/100px-POL_gmina_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_COA.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="882" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bezpraw" title="Bezpraw">Bezpraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C5%82otnica,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Błotnica, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Błotnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogucino" title="Bogucino">Bogucino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogus%C5%82awiec" title="Bogusławiec">Bogusławiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budzimskie" title="Budzimskie">Budzimskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budzistowo" title="Budzistowo">Budzistowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drzonowo,_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_County" title="Drzonowo, Kołobrzeg County">Drzonowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BAwirzyno" title="Dźwirzyno">Dźwirzyno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%82%C4%85b" title="Głąb">Głąb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%82owaczewo,_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_County" title="Głowaczewo, Kołobrzeg County">Głowaczewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grzybowo,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Grzybowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Grzybowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%85dzielno" title="Kądzielno">Kądzielno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karcino" title="Karcino">Karcino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopyd%C5%82%C3%B3wko" title="Kopydłówko">Kopydłówko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korzy%C5%9Bcienko" title="Korzyścienko">Korzyścienko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korzystno" title="Korzystno">Korzystno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niekanin" title="Niekanin">Niekanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowogardek" title="Nowogardek">Nowogardek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowy_Borek,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Nowy Borek, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Nowy Borek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obroty" title="Obroty">Obroty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prze%C4%87mino" title="Przećmino">Przećmino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przylaski,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Przylaski, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Przylaski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogozina,_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_County" title="Rogozina, Kołobrzeg County">Rogozina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samowo" title="Samowo">Samowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbia,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Sarbia, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Sarbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieradowo" title="Sieradowo">Sieradowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobiemierz" title="Sobiemierz">Sobiemierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stary_Borek" title="Stary Borek">Stary Borek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stramnica" title="Stramnica">Stramnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awierszczewo,_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_County" title="Świerszczewo, Kołobrzeg County">Świerszczewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%B3lka,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Wólka, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Wólka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zieleniewo,_Ko%C5%82obrzeg_County" title="Zieleniewo, Kołobrzeg County">Zieleniewo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_of_Poland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_of_Poland" title="Template:Cities of Poland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_of_Poland" title="Template talk:Cities of Poland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_of_Poland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities of Poland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_of_Poland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Poland#Cities" title="List of cities and towns in Poland">Cities of Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">750,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">250,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz" title="Bydgoszcz">Bydgoszcz</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Katowice" title="Katowice">Katowice</a></b></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Częstochowa">Częstochowa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radom" title="Radom">Radom</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rzesz%C3%B3w" title="Rzeszów">Rzeszów</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sosnowiec" title="Sosnowiec">Sosnowiec</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gliwice" title="Gliwice">Gliwice</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Olsztyn" title="Olsztyn">Olsztyn</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zabrze" title="Zabrze">Zabrze</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bielsko-Bia%C5%82a" title="Bielsko-Biała">Bielsko-Biała</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bytom" title="Bytom">Bytom</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zielona_G%C3%B3ra" title="Zielona Góra">Zielona Góra</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rybnik" title="Rybnik">Rybnik</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ruda_%C5%9Al%C4%85ska" title="Ruda Śląska">Ruda Śląska</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Opole" title="Opole">Opole</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tychy" title="Tychy">Tychy</a></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gorz%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Gorzów Wielkopolski">Gorzów Wielkopolski</a></b></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elbl%C4%85g" title="Elbląg">Elbląg</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/D%C4%85browa_G%C3%B3rnicza" title="Dąbrowa Górnicza">Dąbrowa Górnicza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P%C5%82ock" title="Płock">Płock</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wa%C5%82brzych" title="Wałbrzych">Wałbrzych</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek" title="Włocławek">Włocławek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarn%C3%B3w" title="Tarnów">Tarnów</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chorz%C3%B3w" title="Chorzów">Chorzów</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Koszalin" title="Koszalin">Koszalin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">50,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kalisz" title="Kalisz">Kalisz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legnica" title="Legnica">Legnica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grudzi%C4%85dz" title="Grudziądz">Grudziądz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jaworzno" title="Jaworzno">Jaworzno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk" title="Słupsk">Słupsk</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jastrz%C4%99bie-Zdr%C3%B3j" title="Jastrzębie-Zdrój">Jastrzębie-Zdrój</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nowy_S%C4%85cz" title="Nowy Sącz">Nowy Sącz</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jelenia_G%C3%B3ra" title="Jelenia Góra">Jelenia Góra</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siedlce" title="Siedlce">Siedlce</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mys%C5%82owice" title="Mysłowice">Mysłowice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pi%C5%82a" title="Piła">Piła</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Konin" title="Konin">Konin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piotrk%C3%B3w_Trybunalski" title="Piotrków Trybunalski">Piotrków Trybunalski</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Ostrów Wielkopolski">Ostrów Wielkopolski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubin" title="Lubin">Lubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inowroc%C5%82aw" title="Inowrocław">Inowrocław</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suwa%C5%82ki" title="Suwałki">Suwałki</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargard" title="Stargard">Stargard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gniezno" title="Gniezno">Gniezno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrowiec_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tokrzyski" title="Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski">Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siemianowice_%C5%9Al%C4%85skie" title="Siemianowice Śląskie">Siemianowice Śląskie</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Głogów">Głogów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabianice" title="Pabianice">Pabianice</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBory" title="Żory">Żory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruszk%C3%B3w" title="Pruszków">Pruszków</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leszno" title="Leszno">Leszno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Zamość">Zamość</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Łomża">Łomża</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C5%82k" title="Ełk">Ełk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomasz%C3%B3w_Mazowiecki" title="Tomaszów Mazowiecki">Tomaszów Mazowiecki</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82m" title="Chełm">Chełm</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mielec" title="Mielec">Mielec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tczew" title="Tczew">Tczew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%99dzierzyn-Ko%C5%BAle" title="Kędzierzyn-Koźle">Kędzierzyn-Koźle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Przemyśl">Przemyśl</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalowa_Wola" title="Stalowa Wola">Stalowa Wola</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_Podlaska" title="Biała Podlaska">Biała Podlaska</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w" title="Bełchatów">Bełchatów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awidnica" title="Świdnica">Świdnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C4%99dzin" title="Będzin">Będzin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zgierz" title="Zgierz">Zgierz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piekary_%C5%9Al%C4%85skie" title="Piekary Śląskie">Piekary Śląskie</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racib%C3%B3rz" title="Racibórz">Racibórz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionowo" title="Legionowo">Legionowo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ostro%C5%82%C4%99ka" title="Ostrołęka">Ostrołęka</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">35,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awi%C4%99toch%C5%82owice" title="Świętochłowice">Świętochłowice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wejherowo" title="Wejherowo">Wejherowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zawiercie" title="Zawiercie">Zawiercie</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Skierniewice" title="Skierniewice">Skierniewice</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starachowice" title="Starachowice">Starachowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wodzis%C5%82aw_%C5%9Al%C4%85ski" title="Wodzisław Śląski">Wodzisław Śląski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogard_Gda%C5%84ski" title="Starogard Gdański">Starogard Gdański</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pu%C5%82awy" title="Puławy">Puławy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tarnobrzeg" title="Tarnobrzeg">Tarnobrzeg</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kołobrzeg</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Krosno" title="Krosno">Krosno</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radomsko" title="Radomsko">Radomsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otwock" title="Otwock">Otwock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skar%C5%BCysko-Kamienna" title="Skarżysko-Kamienna">Skarżysko-Kamienna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciechan%C3%B3w" title="Ciechanów">Ciechanów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutno" title="Kutno">Kutno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieradz" title="Sieradz">Sieradz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zdu%C5%84ska_Wola" title="Zduńska Wola">Zduńska Wola</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BByrard%C3%B3w" title="Żyrardów">Żyrardów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82awiec" title="Bolesławiec">Bolesławiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowa_S%C3%B3l" title="Nowa Sól">Nowa Sól</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knur%C3%B3w" title="Knurów">Knurów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%C5%9Bwi%C4%99cim" title="Oświęcim">Oświęcim</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sopot" title="Sopot">Sopot</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>The list includes the 107 urban municipalities governed by a <a href="/wiki/Mayor#Poland" title="Mayor">city mayor</a> (<i>prezydent miasta</i>) instead of a town mayor (<i>burmistrz</i>) · <a href="/wiki/City_with_powiat_rights" title="City with powiat rights">Cities with powiat rights</a> are in <i>italics</i> · Voivodeship cities are in <b>bold</b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_on_the_Baltic_coast_of_Poland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polish_coast" title="Template:Polish coast"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polish_coast" title="Template talk:Polish coast"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polish_coast" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polish coast"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_on_the_Baltic_coast_of_Poland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places on the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic</a> coast of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pomerania" title="Bay of Pomerania">Bay of Pomerania</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Usedom" title="Usedom">Uznam</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzyzdroje" title="Międzyzdroje">Międzyzdroje</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolin" title="Wolin">Wolin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wolin_National_Park" title="Wolin National Park">Wolin National Park</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodno,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Grodno, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Grodno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzywodzie" title="Międzywodzie">Międzywodzie</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dziwn%C3%B3w" title="Dziwnów">Dziwnów</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dziwn%C3%B3wek" title="Dziwnówek">Dziwnówek</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trzebiatowski_Coast" class="mw-redirect" title="Trzebiatowski Coast">Trzebiatowski Coast</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81uk%C4%99cin" title="Łukęcin">Łukęcin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pobierowo" title="Pobierowo">Pobierowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pustkowo,_Gryfice_County" title="Pustkowo, Gryfice County">Pustkowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trz%C4%99sacz,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Trzęsacz, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Trzęsacz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewal" title="Rewal">Rewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niechorze" title="Niechorze">Niechorze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogorzelica,_Gmina_Rewal" title="Pogorzelica, Gmina Rewal">Pogorzelica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrze%C5%BCyno" title="Mrzeżyno">Mrzeżyno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogowo,_Gryfice_County" title="Rogowo, Gryfice County">Rogowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C5%BAwirzyno" title="Dźwirzyno">Dźwirzyno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grzybowo,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Grzybowo, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Grzybowo</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kołobrzeg</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slovincian_Coast" title="Slovincian Coast">Slovincian Coast</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siano%C5%BC%C4%99ty" title="Sianożęty">Sianożęty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ustronie_Morskie" title="Ustronie Morskie">Ustronie Morskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ple%C5%9Bna,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Pleśna, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pleśna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C4%85ski,_Koszalin_County" title="Gąski, Koszalin County">Gąski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbinowo,_Koszalin_County" title="Sarbinowo, Koszalin County">Sarbinowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%82opy" title="Chłopy">Chłopy</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Mielno" title="Mielno">Mielno</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unie%C5%9Bcie" title="Unieście">Unieście</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81azy,_Koszalin_County" title="Łazy, Koszalin County">Łazy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%85bkowice,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Dąbkowice, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Dąbkowice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%85bki,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Dąbki, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Dąbki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobolin,_S%C5%82awno_County" title="Bobolin, Sławno County">Bobolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBukowo_Morskie" title="Żukowo Morskie">Żukowo Morskie</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dar%C5%82owo" title="Darłowo">Darłowo</a></b> <ul><li>includes <a href="/wiki/Dar%C5%82%C3%B3wko" title="Darłówko">Darłówko</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicie,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Wicie, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Wicie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82awiec,_West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Jarosławiec, West Pomeranian Voivodeship">Jarosławiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicko_Morskie" title="Wicko Morskie">Wicko Morskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modlinek,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Modlinek, Pomeranian Voivodeship">Modlinek</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ustka" title="Ustka">Ustka</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orzechowo,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Orzechowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship">Orzechowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podd%C4%85bie" title="Poddąbie">Poddąbie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%99bina,_S%C5%82upsk_County" title="Dębina, Słupsk County">Dębina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rowy,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Rowy, Pomeranian Voivodeship">Rowy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3wek" title="Rówek">Rówek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czo%C5%82pino" title="Czołpino">Czołpino</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Slovincian_National_Park" title="Slovincian National Park">Slovincian</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/%C5%81eba" title="Łeba">Łeba</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osetnik,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Osetnik, Pomeranian Voivodeship">Osetnik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kopalino" title="Kopalino">Kopalino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubiatowo,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Lubiatowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship">Lubiatowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82og%C3%B3ra" title="Białogóra">Białogóra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%99bki" title="Dębki">Dębki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karwia" title="Karwia">Karwia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrowo,_Puck_County" title="Ostrowo, Puck County">Ostrowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jastrz%C4%99bia_G%C3%B3ra" title="Jastrzębia Góra">Jastrzębia Góra</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cape_Rozewie" title="Cape Rozewie">Cape Rozewie</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rozewie,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Rozewie, Pomeranian Voivodeship">Rozewie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%82apowo,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Chłapowo, Pomeranian Voivodeship">Chłapowo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82awowo" title="Władysławowo">Władysławowo</a></b> <ul><li>includes <a href="/wiki/Cetniewo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cetniewo">Cetniewo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cha%C5%82upy" title="Chałupy">Chałupy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%BAnica,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Kuźnica, Pomeranian Voivodeship">Kuźnica</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jastarnia" title="Jastarnia">Jastarnia</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurata" title="Jurata">Jurata</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hel,_Poland" title="Hel, Poland">Hel</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hel_Peninsula" title="Hel Peninsula">Hel Peninsula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coastal_Landscape_Park" title="Coastal Landscape Park">Coastal Landscape Park</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarzewo" title="Swarzewo">Swarzewo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Puck,_Poland" title="Puck, Poland">Puck</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Puck" title="Bay of Puck">Bay of Puck</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C5%82%C4%85dzikowo" title="Błądzikowo">Błądzikowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzucewo" title="Rzucewo">Rzucewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Os%C5%82onino" title="Osłonino">Osłonino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewa,_Poland" title="Rewa, Poland">Rewa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechelinki" title="Mechelinki">Mechelinki</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sopot" title="Sopot">Sopot</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a></b> <ul><li>includes <i><a href="/wiki/Port_Island_(Gda%C5%84sk)" title="Port Island (Gdańsk)">Wyspa Portowa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sobieszewo_Island" title="Sobieszewo Island">Wyspa Sobieszewska</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Bay" title="Gdańsk Bay">Bay of Gdańsk</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoszewo" title="Mikoszewo">Mikoszewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jantar,_Poland" title="Jantar, Poland">Jantar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stegna" title="Stegna">Stegna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sztutowo" title="Sztutowo">Sztutowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%85ty_Rybackie" title="Kąty Rybackie">Kąty Rybackie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skowronki,_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Skowronki, Pomeranian Voivodeship">Skowronki</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Krynica_Morska" title="Krynica Morska">Krynica Morska</a></b> <ul><li>includes <a href="/wiki/Przebrno" title="Przebrno">Przebrno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nowa_Karczma,_Nowy_Dw%C3%B3r_Gda%C5%84ski_County" title="Nowa Karczma, Nowy Dwór Gdański County">Nowa Karczma</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vistula_Spit" title="Vistula Spit">Vistula Spit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vistula_Spit_canal" title="Vistula Spit canal">Vistula Spit canal</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Faro,_Plaza_Zdrojowy,_Sopot,_Polonia,_2013-05-22,_DD_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Faro%2C_Plaza_Zdrojowy%2C_Sopot%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-22%2C_DD_02.jpg/80px-Faro%2C_Plaza_Zdrojowy%2C_Sopot%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-22%2C_DD_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Faro%2C_Plaza_Zdrojowy%2C_Sopot%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-22%2C_DD_02.jpg/120px-Faro%2C_Plaza_Zdrojowy%2C_Sopot%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-22%2C_DD_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Faro%2C_Plaza_Zdrojowy%2C_Sopot%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-22%2C_DD_02.jpg/160px-Faro%2C_Plaza_Zdrojowy%2C_Sopot%2C_Polonia%2C_2013-05-22%2C_DD_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3284" data-file-height="4676" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_Pomerania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Pomerania" title="Template:Geography of Pomerania"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_Pomerania" title="Template talk:Geography of Pomerania"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Geography_of_Pomerania" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Geography of Pomerania"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_Pomerania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geography of <a href="/wiki/Pomerania" title="Pomerania">Pomerania</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pomerania" title="Western Pomerania">Western Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farther_Pomerania" title="Farther Pomerania">Farther Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerelia" title="Pomerelia">Pomerelia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Pomerania" title="Gdańsk Pomerania">Gdańsk Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashubia" title="Kashubia">Kashubia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kociewie" title="Kociewie">Kociewie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuchola_Forest" title="Tuchola Forest">Tuchola Forest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_Land" title="Chełmno Land">Chełmno Land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82%C3%B3w_Land" title="Michałów Land">Michałów Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubawa" title="Lubawa">Lubawa</a> Land</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pomerania" title="History of Pomerania">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circipania" title="Circipania">Circipania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauenburg_and_B%C3%BCtow_Land" title="Lauenburg and Bütow Land">Lauenburg and Bütow Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_of_Schlawe_and_Stolp" title="Lands of Schlawe and Stolp">Lands of Schlawe and Stolp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="West Pomeranian Voivodeship">West Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania_Euroregion" title="Pomerania Euroregion">Pomerania Euroregion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklam" title="Anklam">Anklam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barth,_Germany" title="Barth, Germany">Barth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demmin" title="Demmin">Demmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gartz" title="Gartz">Gartz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greifswald" title="Greifswald">Greifswald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grudzi%C4%85dz" title="Grudziądz">Grudziądz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heringsdorf" title="Heringsdorf">Heringsdorf</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kołobrzeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koszalin" title="Koszalin">Koszalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ribnitz-Damgarten" title="Ribnitz-Damgarten">Ribnitz-Damgarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sagard" title="Sagard">Sagard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassnitz" title="Sassnitz">Sassnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk" title="Słupsk">Słupsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargard" title="Stargard">Stargard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starogard_Gda%C5%84ski" title="Starogard Gdański">Starogard Gdański</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stralsund" title="Stralsund">Stralsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bcie" title="Świnoujście">Świnoujście</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Szczecin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tczew" title="Tczew">Tczew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tricity,_Poland" title="Tricity, Poland">Tricity</a> <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metro</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gdynia" title="Gdynia">Gdynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopot" title="Sopot">Sopot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ueckerm%C3%BCnde" title="Ueckermünde">Ueckermünde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wejherowo" title="Wejherowo">Wejherowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolgast" title="Wolgast">Wolgast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingst,_Germany" title="Zingst, Germany">Zingst</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pomerania#Cities_and_towns" title="Western Pomerania">List of towns in Western Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Farther_Pomerania" title="List of towns in Farther Pomerania">List of towns in Farther Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_placenames_in_the_Province_of_Pomerania" title="List of placenames in the Province of Pomerania">List of placenames in the Province of Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_municipalities_in_the_Province_of_Pomerania,_A%E2%80%93H&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of municipalities in the Province of Pomerania, A–H (page does not exist)">A–H</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_municipalities_in_the_Province_of_Pomerania,_I%E2%80%93P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of municipalities in the Province of Pomerania, I–P (page does not exist)">I–P</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_municipalities_in_the_Province_of_Pomerania,_Q%E2%80%93Z&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of municipalities in the Province of Pomerania, Q–Z (page does not exist)">Q–Z</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Inhabited islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirr" title="Kirr">Kirr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiddensee" title="Hiddensee">Hiddensee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ummanz" title="Ummanz">Ummanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A4nholm" title="Dänholm">Dänholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCgen" title="Rügen">Rügen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%96he" title="Öhe">Öhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riems" title="Riems">Riems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilm" title="Vilm">Vilm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greifswalder_Oie" title="Greifswalder Oie">Greifswalder Oie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6rmitz" title="Görmitz">Görmitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usedom" title="Usedom">Usedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karsib%C3%B3r" title="Karsibór">Karsibór</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolin" title="Wolin">Wolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woli%C5%84ska_K%C4%99pa" title="Wolińska Kępa">Wolińska Kępa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrz%C4%85szczewska_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrząszczewska Island">Chrząszczewska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzyodrze-Wyspa_Pucka" title="Międzyodrze-Wyspa Pucka">Pucka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzyodrze-Wyspa_Pucka" title="Międzyodrze-Wyspa Pucka">Grodzka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzyodrze-Wyspa_Pucka" title="Międzyodrze-Wyspa Pucka">Kępa Parnicka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzyodrze-Wyspa_Pucka" title="Międzyodrze-Wyspa Pucka">Zaleskie Łęgi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzyodrze-Wyspa_Pucka" title="Międzyodrze-Wyspa Pucka">Zielona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81asztownia" title="Łasztownia">Łasztownia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3w_Grabowski" title="Ostrów Grabowski">Ostrów Grabowski</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salt Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk" title="Słupsk">Młyńska Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Island_(Gda%C5%84sk)" title="Port Island (Gdańsk)">Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%C5%82owianka" title="Ołowianka">Ołowianka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostr%C3%B3w_Island" title="Ostrów Island">Ostrów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobieszewo_Island" title="Sobieszewo Island">Sobieszewo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peninsulae and <a href="/wiki/Headland" title="Headland">headlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fischland-Dar%C3%9F-Zingst" title="Fischland-Darß-Zingst">Darß-Zingst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmund" title="Jasmund">Jasmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hel_Peninsula" title="Hel Peninsula">Hel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B6nchgut" title="Mönchgut">Mönchgut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reddevitz_H%C3%B6ft" title="Reddevitz Höft">Reddevitz Höft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rewa,_Poland" title="Rewa, Poland">Rewa Sandbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Rozewie" title="Cape Rozewie">Cape Rozewie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzucewo" title="Rzucewo">Cape Rzucewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westerplatte" title="Westerplatte">Westerplatte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wittow" title="Wittow">Wittow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Arkona" title="Cape Arkona">Cape Arkona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bug_(R%C3%BCgen)" title="Bug (Rügen)">Bug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaabe" title="Schaabe">Schaabe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zudar" title="Zudar">Zudar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palmer_Ort" title="Palmer Ort">Palmer Ort</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brda_(river)" title="Brda (river)">Brda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawa" title="Drawa">Drawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drw%C4%99ca" title="Drwęca">Drwęca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dziwna" title="Dziwna">Dziwna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grabowa_(river)" title="Grabowa (river)">Grabowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwda" title="Gwda">Gwda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ina_(river)" title="Ina (river)">Ina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81eba_(river)" title="Łeba (river)">Łeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mot%C5%82awa" title="Motława">Motława</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Oder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Oder" title="West Oder">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Oder" title="East Oder">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regalica" class="mw-redirect" title="Regalica">Regalica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pars%C4%99ta" title="Parsęta">Parsęta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peene" title="Peene">Peene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peenestrom" title="Peenestrom">Peenestrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pia%C5%9Bnica" title="Piaśnica">Piaśnica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C5%82onia_(river)" title="Płonia (river)">Płonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radunia" title="Radunia">Radunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randow" title="Randow">Randow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recknitz" title="Recknitz">Recknitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reda_(river)" title="Reda (river)">Reda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rega" title="Rega">Rega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryck" title="Ryck">Ryck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upia" title="Słupia">Słupia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Awina" title="Świna">Świna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tollense" title="Tollense">Tollense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebel_(river)" title="Trebel (river)">Trebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uecker" title="Uecker">Uecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leniwka" title="Leniwka">Leniwka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%9Amia%C5%82a_Wis%C5%82a" title="Śmiała Wisła">Śmiała Wisła</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martwa_Wis%C5%82a" title="Martwa Wisła">Martwa Wisła</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Przekop" class="mw-redirect" title="Przekop">Przekop Canal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wda" title="Wda">Wda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wieprza" title="Wieprza">Wieprza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wierzyca" title="Wierzyca">Wierzyca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lakes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charzykowy" title="Charzykowy">Charzykowskie Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%85bie_Lake" title="Dąbie Lake">Dąbie Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawsko_Lake" title="Drawsko Lake">Drawsko Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Gardno" title="Lake Gardno">Gardno Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamno_(lake)" title="Jamno (lake)">Jamno Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Kummerow" title="Lake Kummerow">Lake Kummerow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81ebsko_Lake" title="Łebsko Lake">Łebsko Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miedwie" title="Miedwie">Miedwie Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radu%C5%84skie_Lake" title="Raduńskie Lake">Raduńskie Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wdzydze_Lake" title="Wdzydze Lake">Wdzydze Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wicko_(lake)" title="Wicko (lake)">Wicko Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bays, lagoons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achterwasser" title="Achterwasser">Achterwasser</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmer_See" title="Balmer See">Balmer See</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darss-Zingst_Bodden_Chain" title="Darss-Zingst Bodden Chain">Darss-Zingst Bodden Chain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodstedter_Bodden" title="Bodstedter Bodden">Bodstedter Bodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barther_Bodden" title="Barther Bodden">Barther Bodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grabow_(Bodden)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grabow (Bodden)">Grabow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Bay" title="Gdańsk Bay">Bay of Gdańsk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Puck" title="Bay of Puck">Bay of Puck</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pomerania" title="Bay of Pomerania">Bay of Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Greifswald" title="Bay of Greifswald">Bay of Greifswald</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BCgischer_Bodden" title="Rügischer Bodden">Rügischer Bodden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hagensche_Wiek" title="Hagensche Wiek">Hagensche Wiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Having_(inlet)" title="Having (inlet)">Having</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wreecher_See" title="Wreecher See">Wreecher See</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamie%C5%84ski_Lagoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamieński Lagoon">Kamieński Lagoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_R%C3%BCgen_Bodden" title="North Rügen Bodden">North Rügen Bodden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wieker_Bodden" title="Wieker Bodden">Wieker Bodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rassower_Strom" title="Rassower Strom">Rassower Strom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fer_Jasmunder_Bodden" title="Großer Jasmunder Bodden">Großer Jasmunder Bodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kleiner_Jasmunder_Bodden" title="Kleiner Jasmunder Bodden">Kleiner Jasmunder Bodden</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prorer_Wiek" title="Prorer Wiek">Prorer Wiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Lagoon" title="Szczecin Lagoon">Szczecin Lagoon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nowe_Warpno_Bay" title="Nowe Warpno Bay">Nowe Warpno Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuwarper_See" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuwarper See">Neuwarper See</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromper_Wiek" title="Tromper Wiek">Tromper Wiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_R%C3%BCgen_Bodden" title="West Rügen Bodden">West Rügen Bodden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vitter_Bodden" title="Vitter Bodden">Vitter Bodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schaproder_Bodden" title="Schaproder Bodden">Schaproder Bodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udarser_Wiek" title="Udarser Wiek">Udarser Wiek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubitzer_Bodden" title="Kubitzer Bodden">Kubitzer Bodden</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liebitz" title="Liebitz">Liebitz</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Pomerania_Lagoon_Area_National_Park" title="Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park">Western Pomerania Lagoon Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasmund_National_Park" title="Jasmund National Park">Jasmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Oder_Valley_National_Park" title="Lower Oder Valley National Park">Lower Oder Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolin_National_Park" title="Wolin National Park">Wolin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawa_National_Park" title="Drawa National Park">Drawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovincian_National_Park" title="Slovincian National Park">Slovincian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bory_Tucholskie_National_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Bory Tucholskie National Park">Bory Tucholskie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_Pomerania" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pomeranian_history" title="Template:Pomeranian history"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pomeranian_history" title="Template talk:Pomeranian history"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pomeranian_history" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pomeranian history"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_Pomerania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pomerania" title="History of Pomerania">History of Pomerania</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_Pomerania" title="Early history of Pomerania">10,000 BC – 600 AD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_Early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the Early Middle Ages">600–1100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_High_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the High Middle Ages">1100–1300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_Late_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the Late Middle Ages">1300–1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania_during_the_Early_Modern_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania during the Early Modern Age">1500–1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pomerania_(1806%E2%80%931933)" title="History of Pomerania (1806–1933)">1806–1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pomerania_(1933%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Pomerania (1933–1945)">1933–1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Pomerania_(1945%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Pomerania (1945–present)">1945–present</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Administrative" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Administrative</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Pomerania" title="Western Pomerania">Western Pomerania</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billung_March" title="Billung March">Billung March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_March" title="Northern March">Northern March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_R%C3%BCgen" title="Principality of Rügen">Principality of Rügen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Duchy of Pomerania">Duchy of Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Pomerania">House of Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pomeranian_duchies_and_dukes" title="List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes">List of dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_G%C3%BCtzkow" title="County of Gützkow">Gützkow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_the_Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Partitions of the Duchy of Pomerania">Partitions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Demmin" title="Pomerania-Demmin">Pomerania-Demmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Stettin" title="Pomerania-Stettin">Pomerania-Stettin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Schlawe" title="Pomerania-Schlawe">Pomerania-Schlawe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Wolgast" title="Pomerania-Wolgast">Pomerania-Wolgast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Stolp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania-Stolp">Pomerania-Stolp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Neustettin" title="Pomerania-Neustettin">Pomerania-Neustettin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Stargard" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania-Stargard">Pomerania-Stargard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-R%C3%BCgenwalde" title="Pomerania-Rügenwalde">Pomerania-Rügenwalde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp" title="Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp">Pomerania-Wolgast-Stolp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Barth" title="Pomerania-Barth">Pomerania-Barth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Pomerania" title="Swedish Pomerania">Swedish Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Province of Pomerania 1815–1945</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stettin_(region)" title="Stettin (region)">Stettin Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stralsund_(region)" title="Stralsund (region)">Stralsund Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_placenames_in_the_Province_of_Pomerania" title="List of placenames in the Province of Pomerania">List of placenames</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enclave_of_Police" title="Enclave of Police">Enclave of Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Voivodeship_(1946%E2%80%931975)" title="Szczecin Voivodeship (1946–1975)">Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern#German_Democratic_Republic" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 1946–1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Frankfurt" title="Bezirk Frankfurt">Bezirk Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Neubrandenburg" title="Bezirk Neubrandenburg">Bezirk Neubrandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezirk_Rostock" title="Bezirk Rostock">Bezirk Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Voivodeship_(1975%E2%80%931998)" title="Szczecin Voivodeship (1975–1998)">Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998</a></li> <li>Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="West Pomeranian Voivodeship">West Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Farther_Pomerania" title="Farther Pomerania">Farther Pomerania</a><br /></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Duchy of Pomerania">Duchy of Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Pomerania">House of Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pomeranian_duchies_and_dukes" title="List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes">List of dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Cammin" title="Bishopric of Cammin">Cammin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_of_Schlawe_and_Stolp" title="Lands of Schlawe and Stolp">Schlawe-Stolp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_the_Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Partitions of the Duchy of Pomerania">Partitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerania-Stolp" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomerania-Stolp">Pomerania-Stolp</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1653%E2%80%931815)" title="Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)">Brandenburgian Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Starostwo_of_Draheim" title="Starostwo of Draheim">Starostwo of Draheim</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Province of Pomerania 1815–1945</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stettin_(region)" title="Stettin (region)">Stettin Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6slin_(region)" title="Köslin (region)">Köslin Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_placenames_in_the_Province_of_Pomerania" title="List of placenames in the Province of Pomerania">List of placenames</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Voivodeship_(1946%E2%80%931975)" title="Szczecin Voivodeship (1946–1975)">Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koszalin_Voivodeship_(1950%E2%80%931975)" title="Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1975)">Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Voivodeship_(1975%E2%80%931998)" title="Szczecin Voivodeship (1975–1998)">Szczecin Voivodeship 1975–1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koszalin_Voivodeship_(1975%E2%80%931998)" title="Koszalin Voivodeship (1975–1998)">Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk_Voivodeship" title="Słupsk Voivodeship">Słupsk Voivodeship</a> 1975–1998</li> <li>Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="West Pomeranian Voivodeship">West Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lauenburg_and_B%C3%BCtow_Land" title="Lauenburg and Bütow Land">Lauenburg-Bütow</a> <br /> <span class="nobold">classified as<br /> <a href="/wiki/Farther_Pomerania" title="Farther Pomerania">Farther Pomerania</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Pomerelia" title="Pomerelia">Pomerelia</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Duchy of Pomerania">Duchy of Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Pomerania" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Pomerania">House of Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pomeranian_duchies_and_dukes" title="List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes">List of dukes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_the_Duchy_of_Pomerania" title="Partitions of the Duchy of Pomerania">Partitions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Prussia" title="Royal Prussia">Royal Prussia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship_(1466%E2%80%931772)" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship (1466–1772)">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauenburg_and_B%C3%BCtow_Land" title="Lauenburg and Bütow Land">Lauenburg-Bütow Pawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1653%E2%80%931815)" title="Province of Pomerania (1653–1815)">Brandenburgian Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lauenburg_and_B%C3%BCtow_Land" title="Lauenburg and Bütow Land">Lauenburg and Bütow Land</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pomerania_(1815%E2%80%931945)" title="Province of Pomerania (1815–1945)">Province of Pomerania 1815–1945</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6slin_(region)" title="Köslin (region)">Köslin Region</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Voivodeship_(1946%E2%80%931975)" title="Szczecin Voivodeship (1946–1975)">Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koszalin_Voivodeship_(1950%E2%80%931975)" title="Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1975)">Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk_Voivodeship" title="Słupsk Voivodeship">Słupsk Voivodeship</a> 1975–1998</li> <li>Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pomerelia" title="Pomerelia">Pomerelia</a> <br /> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Kashubia" title="Kashubia">Kashubia</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Kociewie" title="Kociewie">Kociewie</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tuchola_Forest" title="Tuchola Forest">Tuchola Forest</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_Land" title="Chełmno Land">Chełmno Land</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomerelia#As_part_of_Poland" title="Pomerelia">Polish Pomerelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomerelia#Danish_conquest_and_independence" title="Pomerelia">Danish Pomerelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Pomerelia" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Pomerelia">Duchy of Pomerelia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samborides" title="Samborides">Samborides</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Gda%C5%84sk" title="Duchy of Gdańsk">Duchy of Gdańsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_%C5%9Awiecie_and_Lubiszewo" title="Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo">Duchy of Świecie and Lubiszewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bia%C5%82ogarda" title="Duchy of Białogarda">Duchy of Białogarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lubiszewo" title="Duchy of Lubiszewo">Duchy of Lubiszewo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_%C5%9Awiecie" title="Duchy of Świecie">Duchy of Świecie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Teutonic_Order" title="State of the Teutonic Order">State of the Teutonic Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Prussia" title="Royal Prussia">Royal Prussia</a> 1466–1793 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship_(1466%E2%80%931772)" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship (1466–1772)">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che%C5%82mno_Voivodeship" title="Chełmno Voivodeship">Chełmno Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig_(Napoleonic)" title="Free City of Danzig (Napoleonic)">Free City of Danzig 1807–1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Prussia" title="West Prussia">West Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posen-West_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Posen-West Prussia">Posen-West Prussia Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Pomeranian Voivodeship 1919–1939</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_Corridor" title="Polish Corridor">Polish Corridor</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Free City of Danzig 1920–1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsgau_Danzig-West_Prussia" title="Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia">Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Voivodeship_(1945%E2%80%931975)" title="Gdańsk Voivodeship (1945–1975)">Gdańsk Voivodeship 1946–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz_Voivodeship#1946-1975" title="Bydgoszcz Voivodeship">Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1946–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin_Voivodeship_(1946%E2%80%931975)" title="Szczecin Voivodeship (1946–1975)">Szczecin Voivodeship 1946–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koszalin_Voivodeship_(1950%E2%80%931975)" title="Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1975)">Koszalin Voivodeship 1950–1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Voivodeship_(1975%E2%80%931998)" title="Gdańsk Voivodeship (1975–1998)">Gdańsk Voivodeship 1975–1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koszalin_Voivodeship_(1975%E2%80%931998)" title="Koszalin Voivodeship (1975–1998)">Koszalin Voivodeship 1975–1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk_Voivodeship" title="Słupsk Voivodeship">Słupsk Voivodeship</a> 1975–1998</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bydgoszcz_Voivodeship#1975–1998" title="Bydgoszcz Voivodeship">Bydgoszcz Voivodeship 1975–1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84_Voivodeship" title="Toruń Voivodeship">Toruń Voivodeship</a> 1975–1998</li> <li>Contemporary <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="Pomeranian Voivodeship">Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_Voivodeship" title="West Pomeranian Voivodeship">West Pomeranian Voivodeship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gmina_Bia%C5%82y_B%C3%B3r" title="Gmina Biały Bór">Gmina Biały Bór</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuyavian-Pomeranian_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship">Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Ecclesiastical" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Ecclesiastical</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christianization_of_Pomerania" title="Christianization of Pomerania">Christianization of Pomerania</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishopric_of_Cammin" title="Bishopric of Cammin">Diocese of Wollin/Cammin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Kolberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Kolberg">Diocese of Kolberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Che%C5%82mno" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Chełmno">Diocese of Chełmno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_See_of_Roskilde" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient See of Roskilde">Diocese of Roskilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Vicariate_of_Northern_Germany" title="Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany">Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Berlin#Breslau's_Prince-Episcopal_Delegation_for_Brandenburg_and_Pomerania" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin">Prince-Episcopal Delegation for Brandenburg and Pomerania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Administration_of_the_Free_City_of_Danzig" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Administration of the Free City of Danzig">Apostolic Administration of the Free City of Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Administration_of_T%C3%BCtz" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Administration of Tütz">Apostolic Administration of Tütz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Territorial_Prelature_of_Schneidem%C3%BChl" title="Roman Catholic Territorial Prelature of Schneidemühl">Prelature of Schneidemühl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Administration_of_Kamie%C5%84,_Lubusz_and_the_Prelature_of_Pi%C5%82a" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Administration of Kamień, Lubusz and the Prelature of Piła">Apostolic Administration of Kamień (Cammin), Lubusz (Lebus) and the Prelature of Piła (Schneidemühl)</a> with see in <a href="/wiki/Gorz%C3%B3w_Wielkopolski" title="Gorzów Wielkopolski">Gorzów Wielkopolski</a> 1945–1972</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Extant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Berlin" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin">Archdiocese of Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bydgoszcz" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bydgoszcz">Diocese of Bydgoszcz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Gda%C5%84sk" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Gdańsk">Archdiocese of Gdańsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Koszalin-Ko%C5%82obrzeg" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg">Diocese of Koszalin-Kołobrzeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Pelplin" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Pelplin">Diocese of Pelplin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Szczecin-Kamie%C5%84" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień">Archdiocese of Szczecin-Kamień</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Toru%C5%84" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Toruń">Diocese of Toruń</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_W%C5%82oc%C5%82awek" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Włocławek">Diocese of Włocławek</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Historical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></i></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_State_Church_in_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical State Church in Prussia">Evangelical State Church in Prussia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Evangelical_Church" title="Pomeranian Evangelical Church">Pomeranian Evangelical Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Extant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Protestant Church in Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Northern_Germany" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany</a> <ul><li>Lutheran Diocese of Mecklenburg and Pomerania</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_in_Germany" title="Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany">Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Poland" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland">Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Diocese_of_Pomerania-Greater_Poland" title="Lutheran Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland">Lutheran Diocese of Pomerania-Greater Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Diocese_of_Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Lutheran Diocese of Wrocław">Lutheran Diocese of Wrocław</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Church_in_Poland" title="Pentecostal Church in Poland">Pentecostal Church in Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Demography_and_anthropology" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Pomerania" title="Demographic history of Pomerania">Demography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeological cultures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_culture" title="Hamburg culture">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maglemosian_culture" title="Maglemosian culture">Maglemosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erteb%C3%B8lle_culture" title="Ertebølle culture">Ertebølle-Ellerbek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funnelbeaker_culture" title="Funnelbeaker culture">Funnelbeaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelland_culture" title="Havelland culture">Havelland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corded_Ware_culture" title="Corded Ware culture">Corded Ware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comb_Ceramic_culture" title="Comb Ceramic culture">Comb Ceramic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Bronze_Age" title="Nordic Bronze Age">Nordic Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusatian_culture" title="Lusatian culture">Lusatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jastorf_culture" title="Jastorf culture">Jastorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_culture" title="Pomeranian culture">Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oksywie_culture" title="Oksywie culture">Oksywie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielbark_culture" title="Wielbark culture">Wielbark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustow_group" title="Gustow group">Gustow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C4%99bczyn_culture" title="Dębczyn culture">Dębczyn (Denzin)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Peoples</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gepids" title="Gepids">Gepids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goths" title="Goths">Goths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemovii" title="Lemovii">Lemovii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugii" title="Rugii">Rugii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidivarii" title="Vidivarii">Vidivarii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula_Veneti" title="Vistula Veneti">Vistula Veneti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(tribe)" title="Pomeranians (tribe)">Slavic Pomeranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prissani" title="Prissani">Prissani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rani_(tribe)" title="Rani (tribe)">Rani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrani" title="Ukrani">Ukrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veleti" title="Veleti">Veleti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutici" title="Lutici">Lutici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velunzani" class="mw-redirect" title="Velunzani">Velunzani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranians_(German_people)" title="Pomeranians (German people)">German Pomeranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashubians" title="Kashubians">Kashubians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovincians" title="Slovincians">Slovincians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major demographic events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ostsiedlung" title="Ostsiedlung">Ostsiedlung</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_from_Poland_during_and_after_World_War_II" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland during and after World War II">WWII flight and expulsion of Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recovered_Territories" title="Recovered Territories">Post-WWII settlement of Poles and Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Languages and dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/West_Germanic_languages" title="West Germanic languages">West Germanic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low_Prussian_dialect" title="Low Prussian dialect">Low Prussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Pomeranian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Pomeranian dialect">Central Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch_dialect" title="Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch dialect">Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pomeranian_dialect" title="East Pomeranian dialect">East Pomeranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Pomeranian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="West Pomeranian dialect">West Pomeranian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_German" title="Standard German">Standard German</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">West Slavic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polabian_language" title="Polabian language">Polabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_language" title="Pomeranian language">Pomeranian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_language" title="Kashubian language">Kashubian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovincian_language" title="Slovincian language">Slovincian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Treaties" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Treaties</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1200–1500</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kremmen" title="Treaty of Kremmen">Kremmen</a> (1236)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Landin" title="Treaty of Landin">Landin</a> (1250)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_K%C4%99pno" title="Treaty of Kępno">Kępno</a> (1282)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Soldin_(1309)" title="Treaty of Soldin (1309)">Soldin (1309)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Templin" title="Treaty of Templin">Templin</a> (1317)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Ueckerm%C3%BCnde&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Ueckermünde (page does not exist)">Ueckermünde</a> (1327)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kalisz_(1343)" title="Treaty of Kalisz (1343)">Kalisz</a> (1343)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stralsund_(1354)" title="Treaty of Stralsund (1354)">Stralsund (1354)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stralsund_(1370)" title="Treaty of Stralsund (1370)">Stralsund (1370)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pyzdry" title="Treaty of Pyzdry">Pyzdry</a> (1390)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Raci%C4%85%C5%BCek" title="Peace of Raciążek">Raciążek (1404)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Thorn_(1411)" title="Peace of Thorn (1411)">Thorn, First</a> (1411)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Eberswalde_(1415)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Eberswalde (1415) (page does not exist)">Eberswalde, First</a> (1415)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Melno" title="Treaty of Melno">Melno</a> (1422)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Perleberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Perleberg (page does not exist)">Perleberg</a> (1427)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Treaty_of_Eberswalde_(1427)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Treaty of Eberswalde (1427) (page does not exist)">Eberswalde, Second</a> (1427)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truce_of_%C5%81%C4%99czyca" title="Truce of Łęczyca">Łęczyca (1433)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Brze%C5%9B%C4%87_Kujawski" title="Peace of Brześć Kujawski">Brześć Kujawski</a> (1435)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Soldin_(1466)" title="Treaty of Soldin (1466)">Soldin (1466)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Peace_of_Thorn_(1466)" title="Second Peace of Thorn (1466)">Thorn, Second (1466)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Prenzlau" title="Treaty of Prenzlau">Prenzlau</a> (1448/1468/1472/1479)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Pyritz" title="Treaty of Pyritz">Pyritz</a> (1493)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1500–1700</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compromise_of_Thorn" title="Compromise of Thorn">Thorn</a> (1521)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Krak%C3%B3w" title="Treaty of Kraków">Kraków</a> (1525)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Grimnitz" title="Treaty of Grimnitz">Grimnitz</a> (1529)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Augsburg" title="Peace of Augsburg">Augsburg</a> (1555)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Lublin" title="Union of Lublin">Lublin</a> (1569)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stettin_(1570)" title="Treaty of Stettin (1570)">Stettin (1570)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitulation_of_Franzburg" title="Capitulation of Franzburg">Franzburg</a> (1627)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stettin_(1630)" title="Treaty of Stettin (1630)">Stettin (1630)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Westphalia</a> (1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Stettin_(1653)" title="Treaty of Stettin (1653)">Stettin (1653)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Labiau" title="Treaty of Labiau">Labiau</a> (1656)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Bromberg" title="Treaty of Bromberg">Wehlau and Bromberg</a> (1657)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Oliva" title="Treaty of Oliva">Oliva</a> (1660)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1679)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679)">Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Lund" title="Peace of Lund">Lund (1679)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1700–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Stockholm_(Great_Northern_War)" title="Treaties of Stockholm (Great Northern War)">Stockholm</a> (1719 / 1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Frederiksborg" title="Treaty of Frederiksborg">Frederiksborg</a> (1720)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">Polish Partitions Treaties</a> (1772/1773, 1793, 1795)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Tilsit" title="Treaties of Tilsit">Tilsit</a> (1807)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Kiel" title="Treaty of Kiel">Kiel</a> (1814)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Vienna</a> (1815)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation_Treaty" title="North German Confederation Treaty">North German Confederation Treaty</a> (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Prague_(1866)" title="Peace of Prague (1866)">Peace of Prague (1866)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Versailles</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1925" title="Concordat of 1925">Polish Concordat</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_Concordat" title="Prussian Concordat">Prussian Concordat</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskonkordat" title="Reichskonkordat">Reichskonkordat</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Soviet_Frontier_Treaty" class="mw-redirect" title="German–Soviet Frontier Treaty">Molotov–Ribbentrop</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Agreement" title="Potsdam Agreement">Potsdam</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Zgorzelec" title="Treaty of Zgorzelec">Zgorzelec</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Moscow_(1970)" title="Treaty of Moscow (1970)">Moscow (1970)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Warsaw_(1970)" title="Treaty of Warsaw (1970)">Warsaw (1970)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Accords" title="Helsinki Accords">Helsinki Accords</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pomerania" title="Bay of Pomerania">Polish-East German Maritime Border Agreement</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Two Plus Four</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_reunification#German_Reunification_Treaty" title="German reunification">German Reunification Treaty</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_Border_Treaty" title="German–Polish Border Treaty">German–Polish Border Treaty</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Good_Neighbourship" title="Treaty of Good Neighbourship">Treaty of Good Neighbourship</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1993" title="Concordat of 1993">Polish Concordat</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oder" title="Oder">Convention on the International Commission on the Protection of the Oder against Pollution</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2003" title="Treaty of Accession 2003">Treaty of Accession 2003</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4073614-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80113489">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15994575h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15994575h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kołobrzeg (Polsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge401807&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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