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data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Anfang</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Urschbrung" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urschbrung"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Urschbrung</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Urschbrung-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Urschbrung umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Urschbrung-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Begriff" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Begriff"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Begriff</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Begriff-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-D_Schbroch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#D_Schbroch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>D Schbroch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-D_Schbroch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-D_Lingua_Franca_allgemein" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#D_Lingua_Franca_allgemein"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>D Lingua Franca allgemein</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-D_Lingua_Franca_allgemein-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fuessnote" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fuessnote"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Fuessnote</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fuessnote-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lingua franca</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 100 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 Sproche</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%83" title="لغة تواصل مشترك – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة تواصل مشترك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%83%D8%A7" title="لينجوا فرانكا – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لينجوا فرانكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llingua_franca" title="Llingua franca – Aschturianisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llingua franca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Aschturianisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linqva_franka" title="Linqva franka – Aserbaidschanisch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Linqva franka" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Balinesisch" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лінгва франка – Wiissrussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лінгва франка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Wiissrussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_kongko" title="Basa kongko – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Basa kongko" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингва франка – Bulgaarisch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лингва франка" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="लिंगुआ फ्रैंका – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिंगुआ फ्रैंका" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%99%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="লিঙ্গুয়া ফ্রাঙ্কা – Bengalisch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিঙ্গুয়া ফ্রাঙ্কা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezh_vehikular" title="Yezh vehikular – Brötoonisch" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Yezh vehikular" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Brötoonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llengua_vehicular" title="Llengua vehicular – Katalaanisch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llengua vehicular" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لینگوا فرانکا – Zentralkurdisch" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لینگوا فرانکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Zentralkurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Tschechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингва-франка – Tschuwaschisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лингва-франка" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tschuwaschisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Walisisch" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Walisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Tänisch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Tänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkehrssprache" title="Verkehrssprache – Tüütsch" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Verkehrssprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Tüütsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franka" title="Lingua franka – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Lingua franka" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Griechisch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Griechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Änglisch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Änglisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingvafrankao" title="Lingvafrankao – Eschperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lingvafrankao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Eschperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_franca" title="Lengua franca – Schpanisch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lengua franca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Schpanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Eestnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Eestnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C" title="زبان میانجی – Persisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان میانجی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Finnisch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langue_v%C3%A9hiculaire" title="Langue véhiculaire – Französisch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Langue véhiculaire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Französisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Friesisch" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Friesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francbh%C3%A9arla" title="Francbhéarla – Iirisch" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Francbhéarla" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iirisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Galizisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A7%D7%94" title="לינגואה פרנקה – Hebräisch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לינגואה פרנקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebräisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="सम्पर्क भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सम्पर्क भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Kroazisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroazisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Haitisch" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6zvet%C3%ADt%C5%91nyelv" title="Közvetítőnyelv – Ungarisch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Közvetítőnyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A3%D5%BE%D5%A1_%D6%86%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Լինգվա ֆրանկա – Armenisch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լինգվա ֆրանկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basantara" title="Basantara – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Basantara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Italiänisch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AB" title="リングワ・フランカ – Japanisch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リングワ・フランカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linggwa_Fi%CC%B1rangka" title="Linggwa Fi̱rangka – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Linggwa Fi̱rangka" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингва франка – Kasachisch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лингва франка" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasachisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%81%EA%B5%AC%EC%95%84_%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%B9%B4" title="링구아 프랑카 – Koreaanisch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="링구아 프랑카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Kurdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Latiin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latiin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguas_franca" title="Linguas franca – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Linguas franca" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Limburgisch" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_franca" title="Lengua franca – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua franca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A1%E0%BB%88%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%9A:Link_language" title="ແມ່ແບບ:Link language – Laozisch" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແມ່ແບບ:Link language" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laozisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Litauisch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litauisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Lettisch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Madagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Madagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basantara" title="Basantara – Minangkabau-Schpraach" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Basantara" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau-Schpraach" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингва франка – Mazedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лингва франка" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="संपर्क भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संपर्क भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Malaiisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaiisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Nidertüütsch" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nidertüütsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="सम्पर्क भाषा – Nepalesisch" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सम्पर्क भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Niderländisch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Niderländisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Norwegisch Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Norwegisch Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegisch Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Okzitanisch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Лингва-франкæ – Ossezisch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лингва-франкæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossezisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Polnisch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لنگوا فرانکا – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لنگوا فرانکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_franca" title="Língua franca – Portugiisisch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua franca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugiisisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limb%C4%83_vehicular%C4%83" title="Limbă vehiculară – Rumänisch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limbă vehiculară" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumänisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингва франка – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лингва франка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A3%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9D%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱝᱠᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱤᱝᱜᱩᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱝᱠᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_franca" title="Limba franca – Sardisch" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Limba franca" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Schottisch" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schottisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A6%D8%A7_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AA%D8%A7" title="لنگئا فرانڪا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لنگئا فرانڪا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Serbo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B0%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%AB_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%8F" title="සම්බන්ධීකරණ භාෂා – Singhalesisch" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සම්බන්ධීකරණ භාෂා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca_(dorozumievac%C3%AD_jazyk)" title="Lingua franca (dorozumievací jazyk) – Slowakisch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lingua franca (dorozumievací jazyk)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Slowenisch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slowenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Franca" title="Lingua Franca – Albanisch" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lingua Franca" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Serbisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Schwedisch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Schwedisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franka" title="Lingua franka – Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lingua franka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இணைப்பு மொழி – Tamilisch" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இணைப்பு மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87" title="ภาษากลาง – Thailändisch" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษากลาง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thailändisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingguwa_prangka" title="Lingguwa prangka – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lingguwa prangka" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Türkisch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Türkisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лингва-франка – Tatarisch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лингва-франка" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лінгва франка – Ukrainisch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лінгва франка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%90_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B7%DB%82_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%81" title="زبانِ رابطۂ عامہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="زبانِ رابطۂ عامہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca – Vietnamesisch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lingua franca" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AF%AD" title="通用语 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="通用语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="通用語 – Chineesisch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="通用語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chineesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E8%AA%9E" title="通用語 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="通用語" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80839#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sprachibergryfigi Link bearbeite" class="wbc-editpage">Links bearbeite</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namensryym"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Artikelinhalt aaluege [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Lingua_franca&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskussion zum Artikelinhalt (Syte nid vorhande) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sprachvariante ändern" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alemannisch</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Wievylmol agluegt"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca"><span>Läse</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit" title="Die Syte bearbeite [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Ändere</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit" title="Am Quälltäxt vu däre Syte schaffe [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Quälltäxt bearbeite</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=history" title="Früecheri Versione vo dere Syte. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Versionsgschicht</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Seitenwerkzeuge"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wärchzügchäschtli" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wärchzügchäschtli</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div 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id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca"><span>Läse</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit" title="Die Syte bearbeite [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Ändere</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit" title="Am Quälltäxt vu däre Syte schaffe [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Quälltäxt bearbeite</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=history"><span>Versionsgschicht</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Allgemein </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Was_verwyyst_do_druff%3F/Lingua_franca" title="Lischte vo allne Sytene, wo do ane linke [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Was verwyst do druff?</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:%C3%84nderige_an_verlinkte_Syte/Lingua_franca" rel="nofollow" title="Letschti Änderige vo de Syte, wo vo do verlinkt sin [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verlinktes prüefe</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Spezialsyte" title="Lischte vo allne Spezialsyte [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spezial-Syte</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&oldid=972173" title="E bständige Link uf die Version vo dr Syte"><span>Aafüerbari URL</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=info" title="Meh Informationen über die Syte"><span>Informatione zue dr Syte</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Zitierhilf&page=Lingua_franca&id=972173&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatione driber, wie mer die Syte cha zitiere"><span>Sälle Artikel zitiere</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:URL-K%C3%BCrzung&url=https%3A%2F%2Fals.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLingua_franca"><span>Gekürzte URL abrufen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fals.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLingua_franca"><span>QR-Code runterladen</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drucke/exportiere </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:Sammlig&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Lingua+franca"><span>Buech aalege</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spezial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lingua_franca&action=show-download-screen"><span>As PDF abelade</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&printable=yes" title="E Version vo dere Syte zum Usdrugge. [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Druck-Aasicht</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andre Projäkt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q80839" title="Link zum verbundenen Objäkt im Daterepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-Datenobjäkt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Seitenwerkzeuge"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Erscheinungsbild"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Erscheinungsbild</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Us der alemannische Wikipedia, der freie Dialäkt-Enzyklopedy</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gsw" dir="ltr"><p>As <b>Lingua Franca</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italienische_Sprache" title="Italienische Sprache">ital.</a> für „fränkischi Schbrooch“) bezeichnet män ä Schbrooch, wo vo Lüt us verschiidene Schbrochgebiet as gmeinsami Verkehrsschbroch brucht wird. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Urschbrung">Urschbrung</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Abschnitt ändere: Urschbrung" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ändere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Urschbrung"><span>Quälltäxt bearbeite</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In der ursprünglige und engere Bedütig isch d <i>lingua franca</i> ä beschdimmti <a href="/wiki/Pidgin-Sprachen" title="Pidgin-Sprachen">Pidgin</a>-Schbroch mit erä romanische Basis, wo im <a href="/wiki/Mittelalter" title="Mittelalter">Middelalter</a> dur dr Schbrochkontakt zwüsche Romane und Lüt, wo nitromanischi Schbroche, vor allem <a href="/wiki/Arabisch" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabisch">Arabisch</a>, gschwätzt hai, entschdanden isch und as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Handelssprache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Handelssprache (Syte nid vorhande)">Handels</a>- und <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verkehrssprache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verkehrssprache (Syte nid vorhande)">Verkehrsschbroch</a> bis ins 19. Johrhundert vor allem an der Süd- und Oschdküschte vom <a href="/wiki/Mittelmeer" title="Mittelmeer">Middelmeer</a> verbreitet gsi isch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Begriff">Begriff</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Abschnitt ändere: Begriff" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ändere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Begriff"><span>Quälltäxt bearbeite</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>S italienische Wort „franco, franchi“, isch urschbrünglig d Bezeichnig für d (Nord-)Italiener und d Franzose gsi. Währed de <a href="/wiki/Kreuzzug" title="Kreuzzug">Chrüzzüg</a> isch si Bedütig im <a href="/wiki/Lateinisches_Kaiserreich" title="Lateinisches Kaiserreich">latiinisch-fränkische Riich z Byzanz</a> erwiiteret worde und anschdatt vo „Weschteuropäer, Obeländer, Katholik(e)“ bruucht worde. In dere Bedütig isch s vo den Araber, Türke, Grieche, Perser, Slawe und Rumäne übernoh worde. Dr Begriff „lingua franca“ isch wohrschiinlig noch em Arabische z Andalusie brägt worde, wo dr Geograph <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_Khurradadbih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn Khurradadbih (Syte nid vorhande)">Ibn Khurradadbih</a> d Lingua Franca (<i>al lugha al-ifranjiyya</i>) gege Spanisch (<i>andalusiyya</i>) und Griechisch (<i>rumiyya</i>) abgränzt het. As alternativi Bezeichnig isch sit em 19. Johrhundert dr Uusdruck „(langue) sabir“ verbreitet, wo vermuetlig under französischem Iifluss z Algerien entschdanden isch (zum erschde mol 1859 beleit, abwiichend schon bim <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>) und au sältener, „petit mauresque“ (1830 zum erschde mol beleit). Bi de Uusdrück „lingua franca“, „parlare franco“, „sapere franco“ und ihre Entschbrächig bsundrigs in griechische Quelle cha mä au, je noch em Abgränzigskontext und in Analogii zur allgemeine Bedütigsentwicklig vo „franco, franchi“, mit abwiichende Bedütige wie „Französisch“, „Italienisch“ oder „weschtligi Schbroch“ rächne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="D_Schbroch">D Schbroch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Abschnitt ändere: D Schbroch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ändere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: D Schbroch"><span>Quälltäxt bearbeite</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>D Lingua Franca isch nit ä Mischschbroch gsi sondern än ächts <a href="/wiki/Pidgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pidgin">Pidgin</a> uf romanischer Basis mit arabische, türkische, persische, griechische und slawische Iiflüss, wo sich in siim Grundwortschatz und sinere grammatische Schdruktur nume wenig veränderet het, au wenn s wiit verbreitet und johrhundertlange bruucht worden isch. Es wird in dr Literatur mänggisch behauptet, ass si Basis s <a href="/wiki/Provenzalische_Sprache" title="Provenzalische Sprache">Provenzalisch</a>, wo mä zwüsche Genua und Marseille gschwätzt het, gsi siig, aber das isch linguistisch falsch und au us gschichtlig-geographische Gründ nit haltbar. D Lingua Franca isch immer ä Sekundärschbroch bliibe und isch niene as Mueterschbroch gschwätzt worde, es het sich aso nid zun erä <a href="/wiki/Kreolsprachen" title="Kreolsprachen">Kreolschbroch</a> wiiterentwicklet. Es isch bruucht worde in Handelskontakt, militärische Kontakt, vermischte Siedlige und — was nid söt underschetzt wärde — vo de Seeräuber und de romanische Sklave in arabisch/türkische und griechische Schbrochgebiet. Öb Romane d Lingua Franca au unterenander as Verkehrschbroch bruucht hai, cha mä uf dr Grundlag vo de Quelle, wo mä het, nit sicher entscheide. </p><p>D Lingua Franca isch in de Quelle dur metaschbrochligi Beschriibige z. B. in Reisebrichte, dur Zitat und dur fachschbrochligi Termini z. B. in dr Seemassproch bezügt. Si isch au in literarische Teggschd (dr anonym <i>Contrasto della Zerbitana</i> vo 1284/1305, im Gigio Artemio Giancarli si <i>La Zigana</i>, druckt 1548, in chliinerem Umfang u. a. au bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fazio_degli_Uberti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fazio degli Uberti (Syte nid vorhande)">Fazio degli Uberti</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Goldoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goldoni (Syte nid vorhande)">Goldoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moli%C3%A8re" title="Molière">Molière</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Calder%C3%B3n_de_la_Barca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro Calderón de la Barca (Syte nid vorhande)">Calderón</a> und em <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lope_de_Vega&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lope de Vega (Syte nid vorhande)">Lope de Vega</a>) bruucht worde, het sich aber nit as Schriftschbroch etabliert. Entschbrächend schwiirig si d Bedingige für d Untersuechig vo ihrer genauere gschichtlige Entwicklig und geographische Differenzierig, aber es schiint, ass im weschtlige Nordafrika d Basis schbanisch und im öschdlige italienisch gsi isch und bi Algier si die beide Variante zsämmendroffe. Wo d Franzose Algier eroberet hai, isch d Lingua Franca dört under em Iifluss vo de verschderkte französische Schbrochkontakt und vo Handbüecher wie em <i>Dictionnaire de la langue franque ou petit mauresque</i> (Marseille 1830) französisiert worde, isch aber no bis zum Ändi vom 19. Johrhunderto bruucht worde. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="D_Lingua_Franca_allgemein">D Lingua Franca allgemein</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Abschnitt ändere: D Lingua Franca allgemein" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ändere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: D Lingua Franca allgemein"><span>Quälltäxt bearbeite</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In der erwiiterete Bedütig isch ä <i>lingua franca</i> jedi Schbrooch, wo vo Lüt us verschiidene Schbroochgmeinschafte as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verkehrssprache&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verkehrssprache (Syte nid vorhande)">Verkehrsschbrooch</a> bruucht wird, und wo, wil si für die meischde as Zweitschbrooch glehrt worden isch und bruucht wird, hüfig veränderet und vereifacht, aber nit umbedingt ä Pidgin-schbroch drus gmacht worden isch. </p><p>Bischbil vo <i>linguae francae</i>:<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkad" title="Akkad">Akkadisch</a> und vo dr Mitti vom erste Johrduusig vor dr Ziitwändi aa immer meh <a href="/wiki/Aram%C3%A4ische_Sprache" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramäische Sprache">Aramäisch</a> im alte <a href="/wiki/Mittlerer_Osten" title="Mittlerer Osten">Middleren Oschde</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griechische_Sprache" title="Griechische Sprache">Griechisch</a> im öschdlige <a href="/wiki/Mittelmeer" title="Mittelmeer">Middelmeerrum</a> in dr <a href="/wiki/Antike" title="Antike">Antike</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latein" class="mw-redirect" title="Latein">Latiinisch</a> im <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B6misches_Reich" title="Römisches Reich">Römische Riich</a> und in Weschdeuropa under em Klerus und de Glehrte währed em <a href="/wiki/Mittelalter" title="Mittelalter">Middelalter</a> und em Afang vo dr <a href="/wiki/Neuzeit" title="Neuzeit">Neuziit</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz%C3%B6sische_Sprache" title="Französische Sprache">Französisch</a> as Umgangsschbrooch in de französische Kolonie und as Kultur- und Diplomateschbrooch in dr Neuziit im kontinentale Europa,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani">Hindustani</a> im indische Subkontinänt näbem Änglische</li> <li>Tucano in dr Río Vaupés Region in Südamerika<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quechua&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quechua (Syte nid vorhande)">Ketschua</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> und <a href="/wiki/Bolivien" title="Bolivien">Bolivie</a><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>d <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADngua_geral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Língua geral (Syte nid vorhande)">língua geral</a></i>, abgleitet vo dr Indianerschbrooch Tupinamba, under de brasilianische Indianer<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swahili_(Sprache)" title="Swahili (Sprache)">Swahili</a> in Oschdafrika</li> <li>d <a href="/wiki/Pidgin" class="mw-redirect" title="Pidgin">Pidgin</a>-Schbrooche</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">Änglisch</a> in de britische Kolonie und im zwanzigschde Johrhundert as die internationali Schbrooch <i>par excellence</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fuessnote">Fuessnote</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Abschnitt ändere: Fuessnote" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ändere</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lingua_franca&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Fuessnote"><span>Quälltäxt bearbeite</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D Mehrzahl vo <i>lingua franca</i> cha noch em Latiinische bildet wärde: <i>linguae francae</i>, odr noch em Schbanische: <i>linguas francas</i> (lueg Robert B. Kaplan, <i>The Oxford Handbook of Applied Linguistics</i>, OUP 2002, S.327 und 401)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britannica-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-britannica_2-2">2,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr Ardikel "South American Indian languages" in <i>Encyclopædia Britannica. Ultimate Reference Suite</i>. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lueg Joachim Grzega: "Latein - Französisch - Englisch: Drei Epochen europäischer Sprach- und Wortschatzgeschichte", in: Grzega, Joachim, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.ku-eichstaett.de/SLF/EngluVglSW/ELiX/note.htm"><i>EuroLinguistischer Parcours: Kernwissen zur europäischen Sprachkultur</i></a>, Frankfurt: IKO, S. 73-114. <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suech/3889397964" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 3-88939-796-4</a>.</span> </li> </ol> <table cellspacing="8" cellpadding="0" class="hintergrundfarbe1 rahmenfarbe1" style="width: 100%; font-size: 95%; border-top-style: solid; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; position:relative;"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datei:Information_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/30px-Information_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/45px-Information_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Information_icon.svg/60px-Information_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></a></span> </td> <td>Dä Artikel basiert uff ere fräie Übersetzig vum Artikel „<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_franca" class="extiw" title="de:Lingua franca">Lingua_franca</a>“ vu de dütsche Wikipedia. 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