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href="#Federal_and_national_law_enforcement_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Federal and national law enforcement agencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_and_national_law_enforcement_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Federal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1</span> <span>Federal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Relationship_between_federal_and_federated_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relationship_between_federal_and_federated_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.1.1</span> <span>Relationship between federal and federated divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relationship_between_federal_and_federated_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3.2</span> <span>National</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_law_enforcement_agencies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_law_enforcement_agencies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>State law enforcement agencies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_law_enforcement_agencies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Types</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Police</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Private" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Private</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Railroad_police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railroad_police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1.1</span> <span>Railroad police</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railroad_police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regulatory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regulatory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Regulatory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regulatory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Religious</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Internal_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Internal_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Internal affairs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Internal_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Establishment_and_constitution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Establishment_and_constitution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Establishment and constitution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Establishment_and_constitution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Powers_and_law_exemptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Powers_and_law_exemptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Powers and law exemptions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Powers_and_law_exemptions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Powers and law exemptions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Powers_and_law_exemptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lawful_deception_and_law_exemption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lawful_deception_and_law_exemption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Lawful deception and law exemption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lawful_deception_and_law_exemption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_exemptions_from_laws" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_exemptions_from_laws"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Other exemptions from laws</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_exemptions_from_laws-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Law enforcement agency</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 29 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-29" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">29 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86" title="وكالة تطبيق القانون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وكالة تطبيق القانون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCquq-m%C3%BChafiz%C9%99_orqan%C4%B1" title="Hüquq-mühafizə orqanı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hüquq-mühafizə orqanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Праваахоўныя органы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Праваахоўныя органы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policejn%C3%AD_org%C3%A1n" title="Policejní orgán – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Policejní orgán" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strafverfolgungsbeh%C3%B6rde" title="Strafverfolgungsbehörde – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Strafverfolgungsbehörde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korrakaitseorgan" title="Korrakaitseorgan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Korrakaitseorgan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerza_de_seguridad" title="Fuerza de seguridad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fuerza de seguridad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme_charg%C3%A9_de_l%27application_de_la_loi" title="Organisme chargé de l'application de la loi – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organisme chargé de l'application de la loi" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%95%EC%A7%91%ED%96%89%EA%B8%B0%EA%B4%80" title="법집행기관 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="법집행기관" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE" title="कानून प्रर्वतन संस्था – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कानून प्रर्वतन संस्था" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lembaga_penegak_hukum" title="Lembaga penegak hukum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lembaga penegak hukum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D2%9B%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%83_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Құқық қорғау органдары – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құқық қорғау органдары" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Укук коргоо органы – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Укук коргоо органы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agensi_penguatkuasaan_undang-undang" title="Agensi penguatkuasaan undang-undang – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Agensi penguatkuasaan undang-undang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%9F%B7%E8%A1%8C%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2" title="法執行機関 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="法執行機関" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huquqni_muhofaza_qilish_organlari" title="Huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Huquqni muhofaza qilish organlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organy_%C5%9Bcigania" title="Organy ścigania – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Organy ścigania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7as_de_seguran%C3%A7a" title="Forças de segurança – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Forças de segurança" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Правоохранительные органы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Правоохранительные органы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agjencia_e_zbatimit_t%C3%AB_ligjit" title="Agjencia e zbatimit të ligjit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Agjencia e zbatimit të ligjit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%9A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%86%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%AD%E0%B6%B1" title="නීතිය ක්‍රියාත්මක කරන ආයතන – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නීතිය ක්‍රියාත්මක කරන ආයතන" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency" title="Law enforcement agency – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Law enforcement agency" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_pregona" title="Organ pregona – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Organ pregona" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polisorgan" title="Polisorgan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Polisorgan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88" title="சட்ட அமலாக்க முகமை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சட்ட அமலாக்க முகமை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2" title="หน่วยงานบังคับใช้กฎหมาย – Thai" lang="th" 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.ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" 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There might be a discussion about this on <a href="/wiki/Talk:Law_enforcement_agency" title="Talk:Law enforcement agency">the talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>law enforcement agency</b> (<b>LEA</b>) is any <a href="/wiki/Government_agency" title="Government agency">government agency</a> responsible for <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a> within a specific <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a> through the employment and deployment of <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_officer" title="Law enforcement officer">law enforcement officers</a> and their resources. The most common type of law enforcement agency is the <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a>, but various other forms exist as well, including agencies that focus on specific <a href="/wiki/Legal_violation" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal violation">legal violation</a>, or are organized and overseen by certain <a href="/wiki/Authority" title="Authority">authorities</a>. They typically have various <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency_powers" title="Law enforcement agency powers">powers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">legal rights</a> to allow them to perform their duties, such as the <a href="/wiki/Power_of_arrest" title="Power of arrest">power of arrest</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Use_of_force" title="Use of force">use of force</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jurisdiction">Jurisdiction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Jurisdiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Scotland_Yard_sign.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/New_Scotland_Yard_sign.jpg/220px-New_Scotland_Yard_sign.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/New_Scotland_Yard_sign.jpg/330px-New_Scotland_Yard_sign.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/New_Scotland_Yard_sign.jpg/440px-New_Scotland_Yard_sign.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Scotland_Yard" title="Scotland Yard">Scotland Yard</a>, headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a>, the law enforcement agency of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <p>LEAs which have their ability to apply their powers restricted in some way are said to operate within a <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdiction</a>. </p><p>Jurisdictions are traditionally restricted to a geographic area and territory. LEA might be able to apply its powers within a <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">state</a> (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/National_Police_(France)" title="National Police (France)">National Police</a> for the entirety of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>), within an <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">administrative division</a> (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Ontario_Provincial_Police" title="Ontario Provincial Police">Ontario Provincial Police</a> for <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>), within a division of an administrative division (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Miami-Dade_Police_Department" title="Miami-Dade Police Department">Miami-Dade Police Department</a> for <a href="/wiki/Miami-Dade_County,_Florida" title="Miami-Dade County, Florida">Miami-Dade County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florida" title="Florida">Florida</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>), or across a collection of states typically within an <a href="/wiki/International_organization" title="International organization">international organization</a> or <a href="/wiki/Political_union" title="Political union">political union</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Europol" title="Europol">Europol</a> for the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>). </p><p>Sometimes, an LEA's jurisdiction is determined by the type of violation committed relative to the laws the LEA enforces, who or what the violation affects, or the seriousness of the violation. For example, in the United States, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Inspection_Service" title="United States Postal Inspection Service">Postal Inspection Service</a> primarily investigates crimes affecting or misusing the services of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">United States Postal Service</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Mail_and_wire_fraud" title="Mail and wire fraud">mail and wire fraud</a>. If, hypothetically, a Postal Inspection Service investigation uncovered <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smuggling" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco smuggling">tobacco smuggling</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a> would be involved, but the <a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">Drug Enforcement Administration</a> would not, as even though they investigate <a href="/wiki/Drug_smuggling" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug smuggling">drug smuggling</a>, their jurisdiction does not cover specifically tobacco smuggling. In other cases, an LEA's involvement is determined based on whether their involvement is requested; the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Federal_Police" title="Australian Federal Police">Australian Federal Police</a>, for instance, has jurisdiction over all of <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, but usually takes on complex serious matters referred to it by another agency, and the agency<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (March 2024)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> will undertake its own investigations of less serious or complex matters by consensus.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>LEA jurisdictions for a country and its divisions can typically be at more than one level. The United States has five basic tiers of law enforcement jurisdiction: <a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">federal</a>, <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">county</a>, <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">municipality</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Special_jurisdiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Special jurisdiction">special jurisdiction</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_tribal_police" title="Indian tribal police">tribal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Airport_police" title="Airport police">airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transit_police" title="Transit police">transit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Railroad_police" title="Railroad police">railroad</a>, etc.). Only the municipal, county, and state levels are involved in direct policing (i.e. uniformed officers with marked cars and regular patrols), and these can still depend on each agency's role and function. As an example for the American tiers, the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Department" title="Chicago Police Department">Chicago Police Department</a> has jurisdiction over <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, but not necessarily the rest of <a href="/wiki/Cook_County,_Illinois" title="Cook County, Illinois">Cook County</a>; while the <a href="/wiki/Cook_County_Sheriff%27s_Office" title="Cook County Sheriff's Office">Cook County Sheriff's Office</a> has jurisdiction over Cook County, for the most part they patrol <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated area</a> and operate <a href="/wiki/Cook_County_Jail" title="Cook County Jail">Cook County Jail</a>, and leave municipalities to municipal police departments; and the rest of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, primarily its <a href="/wiki/List_of_state_routes_in_Illinois" title="List of state routes in Illinois">state highways</a>, are under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Illinois_State_Police" title="Illinois State Police">Illinois State Police</a>. All three technically have overlapping jurisdictions, and though their regular duties are fairly different and they typically avoid each other's responsible areas (the Cook County Sheriff's Office typically avoids patrolling Chicago unless it is for penal or court-related duties), they are still capable of assisting each other if necessary, usually in the form of higher-tier agencies assisting lower-tier agencies. </p><p>In some countries, national or federal police may be involved in direct policing as well, though what they focus on and what their duties are may vary. In <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, there are five federal police forces with national jurisdiction—the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_of_Brazil" title="Federal Police of Brazil">Federal Police of Brazil</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Police_(Brazil)" title="Federal Highway Police (Brazil)">Federal Highway Police</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Railroad_Police" title="Federal Railroad Police">Federal Railroad Police</a>, the Federal Penal Police, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Public_Security_Force" title="National Public Security Force">National Public Security Force</a>—but the Highway Police, Railroad Police, and Penal Police are restricted to specific area jurisdictions (the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Highway_System" title="Brazilian Highway System">Brazilian Highway System</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Brazil" title="Rail transport in Brazil">railways</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prisons_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisons in Brazil">prisons</a> respectively) and do not <a href="/wiki/Criminal_investigation" title="Criminal investigation">investigate crimes</a>, the Federal Police performs various police duties across the country and does investigate crimes, while the National Public Security Force is a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_reaction_force" title="Rapid reaction force">rapid reaction force</a> deployed to assist <a href="/wiki/Federative_units_of_Brazil" title="Federative units of Brazil">state authorities</a> on request. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Operational_areas">Operational areas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Operational areas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LAPD_West_Valley_Police_Station_Front.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/LAPD_West_Valley_Police_Station_Front.jpg/220px-LAPD_West_Valley_Police_Station_Front.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/LAPD_West_Valley_Police_Station_Front.jpg/330px-LAPD_West_Valley_Police_Station_Front.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/LAPD_West_Valley_Police_Station_Front.jpg/440px-LAPD_West_Valley_Police_Station_Front.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The exterior of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Police_Department" title="Los Angeles Police Department">Los Angeles Police Department</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Police_Department_resources" title="Los Angeles Police Department resources">West Valley Area</a> Police Station. The LAPD operates approximately 21 such <a href="/wiki/Police_station" title="Police station">stations</a> divided across <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>; this one covers policing in the <a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Often, a LEA's jurisdiction will be geographically divided into operations areas for administrative and logistical efficiency reasons. An operations area is often called a <b>command</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-Metropolitan_Police_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metropolitan_Police-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>division</b>, or <b>office</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Colloquially, they are known as <a href="/wiki/Beat_(police)" title="Beat (police)">beats</a>. </p><p>While the operations area of a LEA is sometimes referred to as a jurisdiction, any LEA operations area usually still has legal jurisdiction in all geographic areas the LEA operates, but by policy and consensus the operations area does not normally operate in other geographical operations areas of the LEA. For example, since 2019 the <a href="/wiki/Organisation_and_structure_of_the_Metropolitan_Police#Basic_Command_Unit_(BCU)" title="Organisation and structure of the Metropolitan Police">frontline or territorial policing</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a> has been divided into 12 Basic Command Units, each consisting of two, three, or four of the <a href="/wiki/London_boroughs" title="London boroughs">London boroughs</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a> is divided into 77 precincts.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EnglandPoliceNumbered.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/EnglandPoliceNumbered.png/220px-EnglandPoliceNumbered.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/EnglandPoliceNumbered.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="370" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories#England" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">English law enforcement agency</a> territorial divisions</figcaption></figure><p>Sometimes, the one legal jurisdiction is covered by more than one LEA, again for administrative and logistical efficiency reasons, or arising from policy, or historical reasons. In <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, LEAs called <b>constabularies</b> have jurisdiction over their respective areas of legal coverage, but they do not normally operate out of their areas without formal liaison between them. The primary difference between separate agencies and operational areas within the one legal jurisdiction is the degree of flexibility to move resources between versus within agencies. When multiple LEAs cover the one legal jurisdiction, each agency still typically organizes itself into operations areas. In the United States, within a state's legal jurisdiction, county and city LEAs do not have full legal jurisdictional flexibility throughout the state, and this has led in part to mergers of adjacent police agencies. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_and_multinational_law_enforcement_agencies">International and multinational law enforcement agencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: International and multinational law enforcement agencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Europol-members-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Europol-members-map.png/220px-Europol-members-map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Europol-members-map.png/330px-Europol-members-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/Europol-members-map.png 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="422" /></a><figcaption>Non executive powers jurisdictional coverage of <a href="/wiki/Europol" title="Europol">Europol</a></figcaption></figure><p>Jurisdictionally, there can be an important difference between international LEAs and multinational LEAs, even though both are often referred to as "international", even in official documents. An <span class="anchor" id="internat"></span><b>international law enforcement agency</b> has jurisdiction and or operates in multiple countries and across state borders, such as <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a>. A <span class="anchor" id="multinat"></span><b>multinational law enforcement agency</b> will typically operate in only one country, or one division of a country, but is made up of personnel from several countries, such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Police_Mission_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina">European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International LEAs are typically also multinational,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but multinational LEAs are typically not international. LEAs which operate across a collection of countries tend to assist in law enforcement activities, rather than directly enforcing laws, by facilitating the sharing of information necessary for law enforcement between LEAs within those countries. </p><p>Within a country, the jurisdiction of law enforcement agencies can be organized and structured in a number of ways to provide law enforcement throughout the country. A law enforcement agency's jurisdiction can be for the whole country or for a division or sub-division within the country. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_and_national_law_enforcement_agencies">Federal and national law enforcement agencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Federal and national law enforcement agencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When a LEA's jurisdiction is for the whole country, it is usually one of two broad types, either federal or national. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Federal">Federal</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Federal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%96sterreichische_Bundespolizei_07.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%C3%96sterreichische_Bundespolizei_07.jpg/220px-%C3%96sterreichische_Bundespolizei_07.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%C3%96sterreichische_Bundespolizei_07.jpg/330px-%C3%96sterreichische_Bundespolizei_07.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/%C3%96sterreichische_Bundespolizei_07.jpg/440px-%C3%96sterreichische_Bundespolizei_07.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3238" data-file-height="2429" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Austria)" title="Federal Police (Austria)">Bundespolizei</a> officers with their <a href="/wiki/Police_car" title="Police car">police car</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When the country has a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal</a> <a href="/wiki/Constitution" title="Constitution">constitution</a>, an LEA responsible for the entire country is referred to as a <span class="anchor" id="fedlea"></span><b>federal law enforcement agency</b>. </p><p>The responsibilities of a federal LEA vary from country to country. Federal LEA responsibilities are typically countering fraud against the federation, immigration and border control regarding people and goods, investigating currency counterfeiting, policing of airports and protection of designated national infrastructure, national security, and the protection of the country's <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and of other designated very important persons, such as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">U.S. Secret Service</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a> <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Security_Service" title="Diplomatic Security Service">Diplomatic Security Service</a>. </p><p>A <span class="anchor" id="fedpol"></span><b>federal police agency</b> is a federal LEA that also has the typical <a href="#police">police</a> responsibilities of social order and <a href="/wiki/Public_safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Public safety">public safety</a> as well as federal law enforcement responsibilities. However, a federal police agency will not usually exercise its powers at a divisional level. Such exercising of powers is typically specific arrangements between the federal and divisional governing bodies. </p><p>Examples of federal law enforcement agencies include the: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_Federal_Police" title="Argentine Federal Police">Argentine Federal Police</a> (<a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Federal_Police" title="Australian Federal Police">Australian Federal Police</a> (<a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_of_Brazil" title="Federal Police of Brazil">Federal Police of Brazil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> (<a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Germany)" title="Federal Police (Germany)">Bundespolizei</a> (<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Federal_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican Federal Police">Mexican Federal Police</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federal_Protective_Service_(United_States)" title="Federal Protective Service (United States)">Federal Protective Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Park_Police" title="United States Park Police">United States Park Police</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Central Bureau of Investigation">Central Bureau of Investigation</a> (<a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>)</li></ul> <p>A federated approach to the organization of a country does not necessarily<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicate the nature of the organization of law enforcement agencies within the country. Some countries, such as <a href="/wiki/Federal_Police_(Austria)" title="Federal Police (Austria)">Austria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Belgium" title="Law enforcement in Belgium">Belgium</a>, have a relatively unified approach to law enforcement, but still have operationally separate units for federal law enforcement and divisional policing. The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> has a highly fractured approach to law enforcement agencies generally, and this is reflected in <a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">American federal law enforcement agencies</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Relationship_between_federal_and_federated_divisions">Relationship between federal and federated divisions</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Relationship between federal and federated divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_DSS_agent_coordinates_with_ATF_and_USSS_special_agents_to_secure_delegate_arrivals_at_UNGA_in_NYC,_Sept._23,_2019._(48788736523).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/A_DSS_agent_coordinates_with_ATF_and_USSS_special_agents_to_secure_delegate_arrivals_at_UNGA_in_NYC%2C_Sept._23%2C_2019._%2848788736523%29.jpg/220px-A_DSS_agent_coordinates_with_ATF_and_USSS_special_agents_to_secure_delegate_arrivals_at_UNGA_in_NYC%2C_Sept._23%2C_2019._%2848788736523%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/A_DSS_agent_coordinates_with_ATF_and_USSS_special_agents_to_secure_delegate_arrivals_at_UNGA_in_NYC%2C_Sept._23%2C_2019._%2848788736523%29.jpg/330px-A_DSS_agent_coordinates_with_ATF_and_USSS_special_agents_to_secure_delegate_arrivals_at_UNGA_in_NYC%2C_Sept._23%2C_2019._%2848788736523%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/A_DSS_agent_coordinates_with_ATF_and_USSS_special_agents_to_secure_delegate_arrivals_at_UNGA_in_NYC%2C_Sept._23%2C_2019._%2848788736523%29.jpg/440px-A_DSS_agent_coordinates_with_ATF_and_USSS_special_agents_to_secure_delegate_arrivals_at_UNGA_in_NYC%2C_Sept._23%2C_2019._%2848788736523%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>American federal law enforcement agents working together. Each federal LEA in the U.S. has a different focus and jurisdiction; for example, the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives</a> (agent in center) investigates crimes involving <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">weaponry</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In a federation, there will typically be separate LEAs with jurisdictions for each division within the federation. A federal LEA will have primary responsibility for laws which affect the federation as whole, and which have been enacted by the governing body of the federation. </p><p>Members of a federal LEA may be given jurisdiction within a division of a federation for laws enacted by the governing bodies of the divisions either by the relevant division within the federation, or by the federation's governing body. By way of example, the Australian Federal Police is a federal agency and has the legal power to enforce the laws enacted by any Australian state, but will generally only enforce state law if there is a federal aspect to investigate.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Typically, federal LEAs have relatively narrow police responsibilities, the individual divisions within the federation usually establish their own police agencies to enforce laws within the division. However, in some countries federal agencies have jurisdiction in divisions of the federation. This typically happens when the division does not have its own independent status and is dependent on the federation. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> (RCMP) is one such federal agency that also acts as the sole police agency for Canada's three <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a direct jurisdictional responsibility and is different from the situation when a governing body makes arrangements with another governing body's LEA to provide law enforcement for its subjects.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FBI_Police_(6060374956).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/FBI_Police_%286060374956%29.jpg/220px-FBI_Police_%286060374956%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/FBI_Police_%286060374956%29.jpg/330px-FBI_Police_%286060374956%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/FBI_Police_%286060374956%29.jpg/440px-FBI_Police_%286060374956%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="2318" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/FBI_Police" title="FBI Police">FBI Police</a> cars outside a <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> facility. The FBI Police is responsible for protecting, and has jurisdiction over, facilities owned and operated by the FBI.</figcaption></figure><p>In federal polities, actions that violate laws in multiple geographical divisions within the federation are escalated to a federal LEA. In other cases, specific crimes deemed to be serious are escalated; in the United States, the FBI has responsibility for the investigation of all <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a> cases, regardless of whether it involves the crossing of state lines.<sup id="cite_ref-usckidnappinf_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usckidnappinf-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some countries provide law enforcement on land and in buildings owned or controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federation</a> by using a federal LEA; for example, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">U.S. Department of Homeland Security</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is responsible for some aspects of federal property law enforcement </p><p>Typically, LEAs working in different jurisdictions which overlap in the type of law non-compliance actively establish mechanisms for cooperation, establish joint operations and joints task forces.<sup id="cite_ref-usfbifaq_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usfbifaq-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often, members of a LEA working outside of their normal jurisdiction on joint operations or task force are sworn in as special members of the host jurisdiction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National">National</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: National"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ishikawa_Police_Crown.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ishikawa_Police_Crown.jpg/220px-Ishikawa_Police_Crown.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ishikawa_Police_Crown.jpg/330px-Ishikawa_Police_Crown.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Ishikawa_Police_Crown.jpg/440px-Ishikawa_Police_Crown.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ishikawa_Prefecture" title="Ishikawa Prefecture">Ishikawa</a> <a href="/wiki/Prefectural_police" title="Prefectural police">Prefectural Police</a> officers with their police cars. Japanese police are managed and coordinated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Police_Agency_(Japan)" title="National Police Agency (Japan)">National Police Agency</a>, and divided into agencies for their respective <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">prefectures</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <span class="anchor" id="natlea"></span><b>national law enforcement agency</b> is a LEA in a country which does not have divisions capable of making their own laws. A national LEA has the combined responsibilities that federal LEAs and divisional LEAs would have in a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federated</a> country. National LEAs are usually divided into operational areas. </p><p>To help avoid confusion over jurisdictional responsibility, some federal LEAs, such as the U.S. FBI, explicitly advise that they are not a national law enforcement agency.<sup id="cite_ref-usfbifaq_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usfbifaq-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <span class="anchor" id="natpol"></span><b>national police agency</b> is a national LEA that also has the typical <a href="#police">police</a> responsibilities of social order and public safety as well as national law enforcement responsibilities. Examples of countries with non-federal national police agencies are <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_law_enforcement_agencies">State law enforcement agencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: State law enforcement agencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/State_police" title="State police">State police</a></div> <p><b>State police</b>, <b>provincial police</b>, or <b>regional police</b> are a type of subnational <a href="/wiki/Territorial_police_force" title="Territorial police force">territorial police force</a> found in nations organized as <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federations</a>, typically in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a>, because each of their state police are mostly at country level. These forces typically have jurisdiction over the relevant sub-national jurisdiction, and may cooperate in law enforcement activities with municipal or national police where either exist. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Types"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>LEAs can be responsible for the enforcement of laws affecting the behavior of people or the general community (e.g. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a>), the behavior of commercial organizations and corporations (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Securities_and_Investments_Commission" title="Australian Securities and Investments Commission">Australian Securities and Investments Commission</a>), or for the interests of the country as a whole (e.g. <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>'s <a href="/wiki/His_Majesty%27s_Revenue_and_Customs" class="mw-redirect" title="His Majesty's Revenue and Customs">His Majesty's Revenue and Customs</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police">Police</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Police"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Occupy_Chicago_May_Day_-_Illinois_Police_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Occupy_Chicago_May_Day_-_Illinois_Police_3.jpg/220px-Occupy_Chicago_May_Day_-_Illinois_Police_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Occupy_Chicago_May_Day_-_Illinois_Police_3.jpg/330px-Occupy_Chicago_May_Day_-_Illinois_Police_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Occupy_Chicago_May_Day_-_Illinois_Police_3.jpg/440px-Occupy_Chicago_May_Day_-_Illinois_Police_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Police_Department" title="Chicago Police Department">Chicago Police Department</a> officers on <a href="/wiki/Mounted_police" title="Mounted police">horseback</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Many law enforcement agencies are <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a> agencies that have a broad range powers and responsibilities. <span class="anchor" id="police"></span><b>Police</b> agencies, however, also often have a range of responsibilities not specifically related to law enforcement. These responsibilities relate to social order and public safety. While this understanding of policing, being more encompassing than just law enforcement has grown with and is commonly understood by society, it is recognized formally by scholars and academics.<sup id="cite_ref-polref_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polref-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A police agency's jurisdiction for social order and public safety will normally be the same as its jurisdiction for law enforcement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Officers_of_polish_military_police.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Officers_of_polish_military_police.jpg/220px-Officers_of_polish_military_police.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Officers_of_polish_military_police.jpg/330px-Officers_of_polish_military_police.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Officers_of_polish_military_police.jpg/440px-Officers_of_polish_military_police.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Polish</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_Gendarmerie_(Poland)" title="Military Gendarmerie (Poland)">Military Gendarmerie</a> officers with their <a href="/wiki/Police_car" title="Police car">vehicle</a></figcaption></figure><p>Military organizations often have law enforcement units. These units within armed forces are generally referred to as <span class="anchor" id="milpol"></span><b><a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">military police</a></b>. This may refer to: </p><ul><li><span class="anchor" id="provost"></span> a section of the <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> solely responsible for policing the <a href="/wiki/Armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces">armed forces</a> (referred to as <b><a href="/wiki/Provost_(military_police)" title="Provost (military police)">provosts</a></b>)</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="gendarm"></span> a separate section of the <a href="/wiki/Armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Armed forces">armed forces</a> responsible for policing in the armed forces and in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_defence" title="Ministry of defence">ministry of defence</a> (such as the <a href="/wiki/%C5%BBandarmeria_Wojskowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Żandarmeria Wojskowa">Żandarmeria Wojskowa</a>)</li> <li>a section of the military solely responsible for policing the civilian population (such as the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Gendarmerie" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Gendarmerie">Romanian Gendarmerie</a>)</li> <li>the preventative police, with military status, of a state (such as the <a href="/wiki/Military_Police_(Brazil)" title="Military Police (Brazil)">Brazilian Military Police</a>)</li></ul> <p>The exact usage and meaning of the terms <i>military police</i>, <i>provost</i>, <i>security forces</i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">gendarmerie</a></i> vary from country to country. </p><p>Non-military law enforcement agencies are sometimes referred to as <span class="anchor" id="civpol"></span><b>civilian police</b>, but usually only in contexts where they need to be distinguished from military police. However, they may still possess a military-like structure and protocol. </p><p>In most countries, the term <i>law enforcement agency</i> when used formally includes agencies other than only police agencies. The term <i>law enforcement agency</i> is often used in the United States to refer to police agencies, however, it also includes agencies with <a href="/wiki/Peace_officer" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace officer">peace officer</a> status or agencies which <a href="/wiki/Prosecute" class="mw-redirect" title="Prosecute">prosecute</a> criminal acts. A county prosecutor or district attorney is considered to be the chief law enforcement officer of a county. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Keskusrikospoliisi_Vantaa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Keskusrikospoliisi_Vantaa.jpg/220px-Keskusrikospoliisi_Vantaa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Keskusrikospoliisi_Vantaa.jpg/330px-Keskusrikospoliisi_Vantaa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Keskusrikospoliisi_Vantaa.jpg/440px-Keskusrikospoliisi_Vantaa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3822" data-file-height="2604" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Investigation_(Finland)" title="National Bureau of Investigation (Finland)">National Bureau of Investigation</a> (NBI) headquarters building in <a href="/wiki/Tikkurila" title="Tikkurila">Tikkurila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vantaa" title="Vantaa">Vantaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Other responsibilities of LEAs are typically related to assisting subjects to avoid non-compliance with a law, assisting subjects to remain safe and secure, assisting subjects after a safety impacting event. These include: </p> <ul><li>policing<sup id="cite_ref-polref_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polref-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>social order <ul><li>public incident mediation</li> <li>pre-empting <a href="/wiki/Anti-social_behaviour" title="Anti-social behaviour">anti-social behaviour</a></li> <li>dangerous event public logistics</li></ul></li> <li>public safety <ul><li>general search and rescue</li> <li>crowd control</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>regulation</li> <li>services and facilities</li> <li>disaster victim identification</li> <li>education and awareness campaigns <ul><li>victim prevention and avoidance</li> <li>law compliance</li> <li>public safety</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Many LEAs have administrative and service responsibilities, often as their major responsibility, as well as their law enforcement responsibilities. This is typical of agencies such as <a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">customs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tax" title="Tax">taxation</a> agencies, which provide services and facilities to allow subjects to comply with relevant laws as their primary responsibilities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private">Private</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Private"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Private_police" title="Private police">Private police</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Private_police" title="Private police">Private police</a> are law enforcement bodies that are owned or controlled by non-governmental entities. Private police are often utilized in places where public law enforcement is seen as being under-provided. For example, the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Patrol_Special_Police" title="San Francisco Patrol Special Police">San Francisco Patrol Special Police</a> was formed to increase security in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> during the <a href="/wiki/California_gold_rush" title="California gold rush">California gold rush</a>, and presently still exists to protect locations on the request of private clients. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Railroad_police">Railroad police</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Railroad police"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Canada and the United States, many railroad companies have private railroad police. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/BNSF_Police_Department" title="BNSF Police Department">BNSF Police Department</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National_Police_Service" title="Canadian National Police Service">Canadian National Police Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific_Kansas_City_Police_Service" title="Canadian Pacific Kansas City Police Service">Canadian Pacific Kansas City Police Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_Pacific_Police_Department" title="Union Pacific Police Department">Union Pacific Police Department</a>, etc. The Canadian National Police Service and Canadian Pacific Kansas City Police Service operate in both countries while the others operate only in the US. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Regulatory">Regulatory</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Regulatory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Regulatory_authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Regulatory authority">Regulatory authority</a></div> <p>Many LEAs are also involved in the monitoring or application of <a href="/wiki/Regulation" title="Regulation">regulations</a> and codes of practice. See, for example, <a href="/wiki/Australian_Commercial_Television_Code_of_Practice" title="Australian Commercial Television Code of Practice">Australian Commercial Television Code of Practice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Building_code" title="Building code">building code</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Code_enforcement" title="Code enforcement">code enforcement</a>. Monitoring of the application of regulations and codes of practice is not normally considered law enforcement. However, the consistent non-compliance by a subject with regulations or codes of practice may result in the revocation of a <a href="/wiki/License" title="License">license</a> for the subject to operate, and operating without a licence is typically illegal. Also, the failure to apply codes of practice can impact other subjects' safety and life, which can also be illegal. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious">Religious</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Religious"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A LEA can be responsible for enforcing <a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">secular</a> law or <a href="/wiki/Religious_law" title="Religious law">religious law</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">Sharia</a> or <a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a>. The significant majority of LEAs around the world are secular, and their governing bodies separating religious matters from the governance of their subjects. Religious law enforcement agencies, such as <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mutaween" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutaween">Mutaween</a> or <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Guidance_Patrol" title="Guidance Patrol">Guidance Patrol</a>, exist where full separation of government and religious <a href="/wiki/Doctrine" title="Doctrine">doctrine</a> has not occurred, and are generally considered police agencies, typically <span class="anchor" id="relpol"></span><b>religious police</b>, because their primary responsibility is for social order within their jurisdiction and the relevant social order being highly codified as laws. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_affairs">Internal affairs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Internal affairs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Often, a LEA will have a specific <a href="/wiki/Internal_affairs_(law_enforcement)" title="Internal affairs (law enforcement)">internal unit</a> to ensure that the LEA is complying with relevant laws such as the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation's Office of Professional Responsibility.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some countries and regions, specialised or separate LEAs are established to ensure that other LEAs comply with laws and investigate potential violations of laws by law enforcers, like the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Commission_Against_Corruption_(New_South_Wales)" title="Independent Commission Against Corruption (New South Wales)">New South Wales Independent Commission Against Corruption</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Special_Investigations_Unit_(Ontario)" title="Special Investigations Unit (Ontario)">Ontario Special Investigations Unit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Establishment_and_constitution">Establishment and constitution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Establishment and constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Camden_County_(NJ)_Police_Ford_Police_Interceptor_Utility_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Camden_County_%28NJ%29_Police_Ford_Police_Interceptor_Utility_at_night.jpg/220px-Camden_County_%28NJ%29_Police_Ford_Police_Interceptor_Utility_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Camden_County_%28NJ%29_Police_Ford_Police_Interceptor_Utility_at_night.jpg/330px-Camden_County_%28NJ%29_Police_Ford_Police_Interceptor_Utility_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Camden_County_%28NJ%29_Police_Ford_Police_Interceptor_Utility_at_night.jpg/440px-Camden_County_%28NJ%29_Police_Ford_Police_Interceptor_Utility_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5037" data-file-height="3358" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Camden_County_Police_Department" title="Camden County Police Department">Camden County Police Department</a> vehicle. The Camden County Police Department was formed in 2013 as a <a href="/wiki/Police_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Police reform in the United States">reformation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Camden_Police_Department_(defunct)" title="Camden Police Department (defunct)">Camden Police Department</a>, and has jurisdiction over the entirety of <a href="/wiki/Camden_County,_New_Jersey" title="Camden County, New Jersey">Camden County, New Jersey</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Typically, a LEA is established and constituted by the governing body it is supporting, and the personnel making up the LEA are from the governing body's subjects. </p><p>For reasons of either logistical efficiency or policy, some divisions with a country will not establish their own LEAs but will instead make arrangements with another LEA, typically from the same country, to provide law enforcement within the division. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">Royal Canadian Mounted Police</a> (RCMP) is a federal agency and is contracted by most of <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">provinces</a> and many municipalities to police them, even though law enforcement in Canada is constitutionally a divided responsibility. This arrangement has been achieved by formal agreement between those provinces and municipalities and the federal government, and reduces the number of agencies policing the same geographical area.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In circumstances where a country or division within a country is not able to establish stable or effective LEAs, typically police agencies, the country might invite other countries to provide personnel, experience, and organisational structure to constitute a LEA, such as the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Assistance_Mission_to_the_Solomon_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands">Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands</a> which has a Participating Police Force<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> working in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Solomon_Islands_Police_Force" title="Royal Solomon Islands Police Force">Solomon Islands Police Force</a>. In circumstances where the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> is already providing an administrative support capability within the country, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> may directly establish and constitute a LEA on behalf of the country, as occurred under the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Administration_in_East_Timor" title="United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor">United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor</a>, which operated in <a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">Timor-Leste</a> from 1999 to 2002;<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> related is the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Police" title="United Nations Police">United Nations Police</a>, which helps provide law enforcement during <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">United Nations peacekeeping</a> missions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Powers_and_law_exemptions">Powers and law exemptions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Powers and law exemptions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_agency_powers" title="Law enforcement agency powers">Law enforcement agency powers</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:APD_TACTICAL_COPS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/APD_TACTICAL_COPS.jpg/220px-APD_TACTICAL_COPS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/APD_TACTICAL_COPS.jpg/330px-APD_TACTICAL_COPS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/APD_TACTICAL_COPS.jpg/440px-APD_TACTICAL_COPS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albuquerque_Police_Department" title="Albuquerque Police Department">Albuquerque Police Department</a> <a href="/wiki/Riot_police" title="Riot police">riot officers</a> in 2014. Among the powers of LEAs are the <a href="/wiki/Use_of_force" title="Use of force">use of force</a> to conduct arrests and quell violence and unrest.</figcaption></figure> <p>To enable a LEA to prevent, detect, and investigate non-compliance with laws, the LEA is endowed with powers by its governing body which are not available to non LEA subjects of a governing body. Typically, a LEA is empowered to varying degrees to: </p> <ul><li>collect information about subjects in the LEA's jurisdiction</li> <li>intrusively search for information and evidence related to the non-compliance with a law</li> <li>seize evidence of non-compliance with a law</li> <li>seize property and assets from subjects</li> <li>direct subjects to provide information related to the non-compliance with a law</li> <li>arrest and detain subjects, depriving them of their liberty, but not incarcerate subjects, for alleged non-compliance with a law</li> <li>lawfully deceive subjects</li></ul> <p>These powers are not available to subjects other than LEAs within the LEA's jurisdiction and are typically subject to judicial and civil overview. </p><p>Usually, these powers are only allowed when it can be shown that a subject is probably already not complying with a law. For example, to undertake an intrusive search, typically a LEA must make an argument and convince a judicial officer of the need to undertake the intrusive search on the basis that it will help detect or prove non-compliance with a law by a specified subject. The judicial officer, if they agree, will then issue a legal instrument, typically called a <a href="/wiki/Search_warrant" title="Search warrant">search warrant</a>, to the LEA, which must be presented to the relevant subject if possible. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lawful_deception_and_law_exemption">Lawful deception and law exemption</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Lawful deception and law exemption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Subjects who do not comply with laws will usually seek to avoid detection by a LEA. When required, in order for the LEA to detect and investigate subjects not complying with laws, the LEA must be able to undertake its activities secretly from the non-complying subject. This, however, may require the LEA to explicitly not comply with a law other subjects must comply with. To allow the LEA to operate and comply with the law, it is given lawful exemption to undertake secret activities. Secret activities by a LEA are often referred to as <b>covert operations</b>. </p><p>To deceive a subject and carry out its activities, a LEA may be lawfully allowed to secretly: </p> <ul><li>Create and operate false identities and personalities and organisations, often referred to as <b>undercover</b> operations or <b>assumed identities</b>, e.g. the Australian Federal Police by virtue of Part 1AC of the Crimes Act 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Allow and assist the illicit movement of licit and illicit substances and wares, sometimes partially substituted with benign materials, often referred to as <b>controlled operations</b>, e.g. Australia's LEAs by virtue of Part 1AB of the Crimes Act 1914.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Listen to and copy communications between subjects, often referred to as <b>telecommunications interception</b> or <b>wiretapping</b> when the communication medium is electronic in nature, e.g. the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation by virtue of United States Code 18 Title 18 Part I Chapter 119 Section 2516.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Intrusively observe, listen to, and track subjects, often referred to as <b>technical operations</b>, e.g. Australian LEAs by virtue of the Surveillance Devices Act 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>to typically collect information about and evidence of non-compliance with a law and identify other non-complying subjects. </p><p>Lawful deception and use of law exemption by a LEA is typically subject to very strong judicial or open civil overview. For example, the Australian Federal Police's controlled operations are subject to open civil review by its governing body, the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_exemptions_from_laws">Other exemptions from laws</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other exemptions from laws"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Law enforcement agencies have other exemptions from laws to allow them to operate in a practical way. For example, many jurisdictions have laws which forbid animals from entering certain areas for health and safety reasons. LEAs are typically exempted from these laws to allow dogs to be used for search and rescue, drug search, explosives search, chase and arrest, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This type of exemption is not unique to LEAs. <a href="/wiki/Guide_dog" title="Guide dog">Sight assist dogs</a> are also typically exempted from <a href="/wiki/Guide_dog#Accessibility" title="Guide dog">access restrictions</a>. Members of LEAs may be permitted to openly display firearms in places where this is typically prohibited to civilians, violate various traffic laws in the course of their duties, or detain persons against their will. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a> is an international organisation and is essentially stateless, but must operate from some physical location. Interpol is protected from certain laws of the country where it is physically located.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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.reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afp.gov.au/services/investigation.html">"Australian Federal Police Investigation Services"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Federal_Police" title="Australian Federal Police">Australian Federal Police</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australian+Federal+Police+Investigation+Services&rft.pub=Australian+Federal+Police&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afp.gov.au%2Fservices%2Finvestigation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afp.gov.au/services/operational_priorities/how_the_ccpm_is_applied.html">"Australian Federal Police Case Categorisation and Prioritisation Model"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Federal_Police" title="Australian Federal Police">Australian Federal Police</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australian+Federal+Police+Case+Categorisation+and+Prioritisation+Model&rft.pub=Australian+Federal+Police&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afp.gov.au%2Fservices%2Foperational_priorities%2Fhow_the_ccpm_is_applied.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metropolitan_Police-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Metropolitan_Police_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.met.police.uk/local">"Metropolitan Police Local Information"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Metropolitan+Police+Local+Information&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Police&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.police.uk%2Flocal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090815093807/http://www.fbi.gov/contact/fo/fo.htm">"Federal Bureau of Investigation Your Local FBI Office"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/contact/fo/fo.htm">the original</a> on 2009-08-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation+Your+Local+FBI+Office&rft.pub=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Fcontact%2Ffo%2Ffo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afp.gov.au/contact.html#State">"State and Regional AFP Offices"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Federal_Police" title="Australian Federal Police">Australian Federal Police</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+and+Regional+AFP+Offices&rft.pub=Australian+Federal+Police&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afp.gov.au%2Fcontact.html%23State&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.met.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/foi-media/metropolitan-police/disclosure_2019/june_2019/information-rights-unit---a-list-of-mps-bcus-basic-command-units">"Information Rights Unit - A list of MPS BCUs (Basic Command Units)"</a>. June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+Rights+Unit+-+A+list+of+MPS+BCUs+%28Basic+Command+Units%29&rft.date=2019-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.met.police.uk%2FSysSiteAssets%2Ffoi-media%2Fmetropolitan-police%2Fdisclosure_2019%2Fjune_2019%2Finformation-rights-unit---a-list-of-mps-bcus-basic-command-units&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nyc.gov/html/nypd/html/home/precincts.shtml">"New York Police Department Precincts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Police_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Police Department">New York Police Department</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Police+Department+Precincts&rft.pub=New+York+Police+Department&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyc.gov%2Fhtml%2Fnypd%2Fhtml%2Fhome%2Fprecincts.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nato.int/ifor/gfa/gfa-an11.htm">"Annex 11 of the Dayton/Paris Agreement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annex+11+of+the+Dayton%2FParis+Agreement&rft.pub=NATO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fifor%2Fgfa%2Fgfa-an11.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060512182026/http://www.eupm.org/Documents/Weekly.pdf">"Establishment of EUPM personnel by country"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/European_Union_Police_Mission_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina">European Union Police Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eupm.org/Documents/Weekly.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2006-05-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Establishment+of+EUPM+personnel+by+country&rft.pub=European+Union+Police+Mission+in+Bosnia+and+Herzegovina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eupm.org%2FDocuments%2FWeekly.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120802101232/www.interpol.int/Public/Icpo/Members/default.asp">"Interpol member countries"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interpol.int/Public/Icpo/Members/default.asp">the original</a> on 2012-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interpol+member+countries&rft.pub=Interpol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpol.int%2FPublic%2FIcpo%2FMembers%2Fdefault.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020806201356/http://www.secretservice.gov/protection.shtml">"United States Secret Service Protective Mission"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">United States Secret Service</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.secretservice.gov/protection.shtml">the original</a> on 2002-08-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Secret+Service+Protective+Mission&rft.pub=United+States+Secret+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.secretservice.gov%2Fprotection.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080109095200/http://www.fbi.gov/libref/factsfigure/internal.htm">"Internal Investigations"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/libref/factsfigure/internal.htm">the original</a> on January 9, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internal+Investigations&rft.pub=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Flibref%2Ffactsfigure%2Finternal.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/afpa1979225/s4aa.html">"Australian Federal Police Act"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australian+Federal+Police+Act&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fcth%2Fconsol_act%2Fafpa1979225%2Fs4aa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080228094809/http://www.justice.gov.yk.ca/pdf/Pan_Territorial_Police_Review.pdf">"Policing in the Territories"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Government of Yukon Department of Justice. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Policing+in+the+Territories&rft.pub=Government+of+Yukon+Department+of+Justice&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov.yk.ca%2Fpdf%2FPan_Territorial_Police_Review.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usckidnappinf-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-usckidnappinf_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Title_18_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 18 of the United States Code">18 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1201">§ 1201</a>(a)(1) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Federal_Kidnapping_Act" title="Federal Kidnapping Act">Federal Kidnapping Act</a></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/getdoc.cgi?dbname=browse_usc&docid=Cite:+40USC1315">"United States Code Title 40 Subtitle I Chapter 13 Section 1315"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+States+Code+Title+40+Subtitle+I+Chapter+13+Section+1315&rft.pub=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffrwebgate.access.gpo.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fgetdoc.cgi%3Fdbname%3Dbrowse_usc%26docid%3DCite%3A%2B40USC1315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-usfbifaq-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-usfbifaq_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-usfbifaq_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/about/faqs">"Federal Bureau of Investigation About Us Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ACT+Policing+%E2%80%93+Media+Release+%E2%80%93+Joint+Drug+Operation+a+Success&rft.pub=Australian+Federal+Police&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afp.gov.au%2F__data%2Fassets%2Fpdf_file%2F2250%2F02092005_327.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afp.gov.au/national/airport_security">"Airport Security – Joint Airport Teams"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Federal_Police" title="Australian Federal Police">Australian Federal Police</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Airport+Security+%E2%80%93+Joint+Airport+Teams&rft.pub=Australian+Federal+Police&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afp.gov.au%2Fnational%2Fairport_security&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afp.gov.au/services/referrals.html">"Referring Matters to the AFP – Information Required"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Federal_Police" title="Australian Federal Police">Australian Federal Police</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Referring+Matters+to+the+AFP+%E2%80%93+Information+Required&rft.pub=Australian+Federal+Police&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.afp.gov.au%2Fservices%2Freferrals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-polref-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-polref_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-polref_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeSmith,_Christopher_E.2004" class="citation book cs1">Cole, George F.; Smith, Christopher E. (2004). <i>The American System of Criminal Justice</i>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.met.police.uk/foi/pdfs/how_are_we_doing/corporate/dps_bsmi_main_report_march_2007.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2008-02-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=RAMSI%27s+Program+Areas%3A+Law+and+Justice&rft.pub=Regional+Assistance+Mission+to+the+Solomon+Islands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ramsi.org%2Fnode%2F16%23law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/peace/etimor/etimor.htm">"United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ombudsman.gov.au/commonwealth/publish.nsf/content/publications_inspectionreports">the original</a> on December 4, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Controlled+Operations+Inspections+Report+2005-06&rft.pub=Commonwealth+Ombudsman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ombudsman.gov.au%2Fcommonwealth%2Fpublish.nsf%2Fcontent%2Fpublications_inspectionreports&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/afpa1979225">"Australian Federal Police Act 1979"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Australia" title="Parliament of Australia">Parliament of Australia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australian+Federal+Police+Act+1979&rft.pub=Parliament+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austlii.edu.au%2Fau%2Flegis%2Fcth%2Fconsol_act%2Fafpa1979225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011211054211/http://www.interpol.int/Public/ICPO/LegalMaterials/constitution/hqagreement/hqagreement.asp">"Interpol Headquarters Agreement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interpol" title="Interpol">Interpol</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interpol.int/Public/ICPO/LegalMaterials/constitution/hqagreement/hqagreement.asp">the original</a> on 2001-12-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-02-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interpol+Headquarters+Agreement&rft.pub=Interpol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interpol.int%2FPublic%2FICPO%2FLegalMaterials%2Fconstitution%2Fhqagreement%2Fhqagreement.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALaw+enforcement+agency" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Law_enforcement_agency&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Law_enforcement_agencies" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Law enforcement agencies">Law enforcement agencies</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><i>Berlin: Metropolis of crime 1918 - 1933</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-metropolis-of-crime/av-47276952">Part 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/berlin-metropolis-of-crime-1918-1933-2/av-47361889">Part 2</a> (warning: graphic depiction of murder and other violence), a <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a> English television documentary comprehensively depicting a major European police force and its methods, investigations, and political activities during the early 20th century</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Types of law enforcement agencies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Types of law enforcement agencies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of law enforcement agencies">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">Police</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport_police" title="Airport police">Airport police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_police" title="Auxiliary police">Auxiliary police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Campus police">Campus police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonal_police" title="Cantonal police">Cantonal police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_police" title="Capitol police">Capitol police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_constable" title="Cathedral constable">Cathedral constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_police" title="Company police">Company police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_officer" title="Conservation officer">Conservation officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_police" title="County police">County police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_police" title="Fire police">Fire police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_patrol" title="Highway patrol">Highway patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provost_(military_police)" title="Provost (military police)">Military police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_police" title="Municipal police">Municipal police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_police" title="Park police">Park police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_tactical_unit" title="Police tactical unit">Police tactical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal_police" title="Postal police">Postal police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_police" title="Private police">Private police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railroad_police" title="Railroad police">Railroad police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_police" title="Regional police">Regional police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regimental_police" title="Regimental police">Regimental police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_police" title="Religious police">Religious police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riot_police" title="Riot police">Riot police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_police" title="Secret police">Secret police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_police" title="Security police">Security police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_police" title="Special police">Special police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_police" title="State police">State police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_police_force" title="Territorial police force">Territorial police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_police" title="Transit police">Transit police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_police" title="Water police">Water police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-corruption_agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-corruption agency">Anti-corruption agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailiff" title="Bailiff">Bailiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodyguard" title="Bodyguard">Bodyguard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_guard" title="Border guard">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bounty_hunter" title="Bounty hunter">Bounty hunter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bail_bondsman" title="Bail bondsman">Bail bondsman</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_guard" title="City guard">City guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constable" title="Constable">Constable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Department" title="Criminal Investigation Department">Criminal investigation agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Customs" title="Customs">Customs service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_officer" title="Intelligence officer">Intelligence officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_officer" title="Law enforcement officer">Officer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_watch" title="Neighborhood watch">Neighborhood watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parapolice" title="Parapolice">Parapolice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_officer" title="Police officer">Police officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posse_comitatus" title="Posse comitatus">Posse comitatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prison_officer" title="Prison officer">Prison officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protective_security_units" class="mw-redirect" title="Protective security units">Protective security units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_guard" title="Security guard">Security guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff">Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thief-taker" title="Thief-taker">Thief-taker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigilantism" title="Vigilantism">Vigilantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchman_(law_enforcement)" title="Watchman (law enforcement)">Watchman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Templates:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Border_protection_agencies" title="Template:Border protection agencies">Border guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Coast_guards" title="Template:Coast guards">Coast guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Customs_services" title="Template:Customs services">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Police" title="Template:Police">Law enforcement agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_law_enforcement_agencies" title="Template:Types of law enforcement agencies">Types</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_intelligence_agencies" title="Template:National intelligence agencies">Intelligence agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" 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