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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personnages_significatifs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Personnages significatifs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personnages_significatifs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chronologies_thématiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chronologies_thématiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Chronologies thématiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chronologies_thématiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Années 1890</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 97 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyos_1890" title="Anyos 1890 – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Anyos 1890" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1890" title="عقد 1890 – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عقد 1890" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85_1890" title="عوام 1890 – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عوام 1890" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%82%D8%AF_1890" title="عقد 1890 – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="عقد 1890" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_del_1890" title="Década del 1890 – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Década del 1890" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-c%C4%B1_ill%C9%99r" title="1890-cı illər – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1890-cı illər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-an" title="1890-an – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1890-an" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%D1%8F" title="1890-я – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1890-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%D1%8F" title="1890-я – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1890-я" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%D1%82%D0%B5" title="1890-те – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1890-те" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloavezhio%C3%B9_1890" title="Bloavezhioù 1890 – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bloavezhioù 1890" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-e" title="1890-e – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1890-e" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8cada_del_1890" title="Dècada del 1890 – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dècada del 1890" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890_ni%C3%A8ng-d%C3%A2i" title="1890 nièng-dâi – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1890 nièng-dâi" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%E2%80%931899" title="1890–1899 – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1890–1899" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%88_%C3%A7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="1890-мĕш çулсем – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1890-мĕш çулсем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890au" title="1890au – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1890au" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%27erne" title="1890'erne – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1890'erne" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890er" title="1890er – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1890er" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_1890" title="An 1890 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="An 1890" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890s" title="1890s – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="1890s" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-aj_jaroj" title="1890-aj jaroj – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1890-aj jaroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B1os_1890" title="Años 1890 – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Años 1890" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890._aastad" title="1890. aastad – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1890. aastad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890eko_hamarkada" title="1890eko hamarkada – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1890eko hamarkada" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%87_%DB%B1%DB%B8%DB%B9%DB%B0_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="دهه ۱۸۹۰ (میلادی) – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دهه ۱۸۹۰ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-luku" title="1890-luku – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1890-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%C3%A1rini" title="1890-árini – féroïen" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1890-árini" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="féroïen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1890" title="Ans 1890 – francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Ans 1890" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890id%C3%AD" title="1890idí – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1890idí" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1890年代 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1890年代" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890an" title="1890an – gaélique écossais" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1890an" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélique écossais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1890" title="Década de 1890 – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Década de 1890" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-90_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-19" title="שנות ה-90 של המאה ה-19 – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שנות ה-90 של המאה ה-19" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890s" title="1890s – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1890s" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-ih" title="1890-ih – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1890-ih" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-es_%C3%A9vek" title="1890-es évek – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1890-es évek" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-an" title="1890-an – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1890-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yari_1890a" title="Yari 1890a – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Yari 1890a" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1891-1900" title="1891-1900 – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1891-1900" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1890" title="Anni 1890 – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Anni 1890" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1890年代 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1890年代" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-an" title="1890-an – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1890-an" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="1890-იანები – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1890-იანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%EB%85%84%EB%8C%80" title="1890년대 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1890년대" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81" title="1890-ӧд вояс – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1890-ӧд вояс" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1890" title="Anni 1890 – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Anni 1890" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anni_1890" title="Anni 1890 – ligure" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Anni 1890" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligure" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890._gadi" title="1890. gadi – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1890. gadi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%D1%82%D0%B8" title="1890-ти – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1890-ти" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A6_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १८९० चे दशक – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १८९० चे दशक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-an" title="1890-an – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1890-an" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890_%D1%86%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%8C" title="1890 це иеть – erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1890 це иеть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890s" title="1890s – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1890s" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-1899" title="1890-1899 – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1890-1899" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%C3%A5ra" title="1890-åra – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1890-åra" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%C3%A5rene" title="1890-årene – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1890-årene" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%A9es_1890" title="Annaées 1890 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Annaées 1890" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890s" title="1890s – sotho du Nord" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1890s" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="sotho du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ans_1890" title="Ans 1890 – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ans 1890" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-lugu_vuvvet" title="1890-lugu vuvvet – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1890-lugu vuvvet" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%D1%82%C3%A6" title="1890-тæ – ossète" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1890-тæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossète" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="1890 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1890 ਦਾ ਦਹਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lata_90._XIX_wieku" title="Lata 90. XIX wieku – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lata 90. XIX wieku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A9cada_de_1890" title="Década de 1890 – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Década de 1890" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890_watakuna" title="1890 watakuna – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1890 watakuna" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anii_1890" title="Anii 1890 – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Anii 1890" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="1890-е годы – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1890-е годы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%D1%81" title="1890-с – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1890-с" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890ini" title="1890ini – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1890ini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-lohku" title="1890-lohku – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1890-lohku" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-e" title="1890-e – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1890-e" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890s" title="1890s – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1890s" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/90._roky_19._storo%C4%8Dia" title="90. roky 19. storočia – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="90. roky 19. storočia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890." title="1890. – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1890." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitet_1890" title="Vitet 1890 – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vitet 1890" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%D0%B5" title="1890-е – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1890-е" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-an" title="1890-an – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1890-an" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-talet" title="1890-talet – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1890-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miaka_ya_1890" title="Miaka ya 1890 – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Miaka ya 1890" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="1890கள் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1890கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B8_1890_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D3%A3)" title="Даҳаи 1890 (мелодӣ) – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Даҳаи 1890 (мелодӣ)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9_1890" title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1890 – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ทศวรรษ 1890" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%C3%BD%C3%BD" title="1890ýý – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1890ýý" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%27lar" title="1890'lar – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1890'lar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1890-еллар – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1890-еллар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-%D1%82%D1%96" title="1890-ті – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1890-ті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%D8%A1_%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="1890ء کی دہائی – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1890ء کی دہائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890-lar" title="1890-lar – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1890-lar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%ADp_ni%C3%AAn_1890" title="Thập niên 1890 – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thập niên 1890" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%AAyes_1890" title="Anêyes 1890 – wallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Anêyes 1890" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="wallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890_nga_dekada" title="1890 nga dekada – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1890 nga dekada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1890年代 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1890年代" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="1890ער – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1890ער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1890年代 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1890年代" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890_n%C3%AE-t%C4%81i" title="1890 nî-tāi – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1890 nî-tāi" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1890%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A3" title="1890年代 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1890年代" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38971#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaces de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="infobox_v3 infobox infobox--frwiki noarchive" style="width:21em"> <div class="entete" style="background-color: #C0D1E2;"> <div><small>Chronologies</small></div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:1890s_Montage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Description de l'image 1890s Montage.jpg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/1890s_Montage.jpg/220px-1890s_Montage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/1890s_Montage.jpg/330px-1890s_Montage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/1890s_Montage.jpg/440px-1890s_Montage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </div><table><caption class="hidden" style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Données clés</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a> <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a> <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a> <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a> <a href="/wiki/1894" title="1894">1894</a><br /><a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a> <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a> <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a> <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a> <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a><br /><small><b>Décennies :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1860" title="Années 1860">1860</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1870" title="Années 1870">1870</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1880" title="Années 1880">1880</a> <b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">1890</a> </b> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1900" title="Années 1900">1900</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1910" title="Années 1910">1910</a> <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1920" title="Années 1920">1920</a><br /><small><b>Siècles :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/XVIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIIe siècle">XVII<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XVIIIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XVIIIe siècle">XVIII<sup>e</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIXe siècle">XIX<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/XXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXe siècle">XX<sup>e</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/XXIe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XXIe siècle">XXI<sup>e</sup></a><br /><small><b>Millénaires :</b></small><br /><a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire_av._J.-C." title="Ier millénaire av. J.-C.">-I<sup>er</sup></a> <a href="/wiki/Ier_mill%C3%A9naire" title="Ier millénaire">I<sup>er</sup></a> <b> <a href="/wiki/IIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIe millénaire">II<sup>e</sup></a> </b> <a href="/wiki/IIIe_mill%C3%A9naire" title="IIIe millénaire">III<sup>e</sup></a> </td> </tr></tbody></table><table><caption style="background-color:#CEE0F2;">Calendriers</caption> <tbody><tr><td style="text-align:center;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_romain" title="Calendrier romain">Romain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_chinois" title="Calendrier chinois">Chinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_gr%C3%A9gorien" title="Calendrier grégorien">Grégorien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_julien" title="Calendrier julien">Julien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9bra%C3%AFque" title="Calendrier hébraïque">Hébraïque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_hindou" title="Calendrier hindou">Hindou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_h%C3%A9girien" title="Calendrier hégirien">Hégirien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_persan" title="Calendrier persan">Persan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendrier_r%C3%A9publicain" title="Calendrier républicain">Républicain</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table><p class="navbar bordered noprint" style="border-color:#CEE0F2;"><span class="plainlinks navigation-not-searchable"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1890&action=edit">modifier</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Ann%C3%A9es" title="Consultez la documentation du modèle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Info_Simple.svg/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></p></div> <p>Les <b>années 1890 </b>couvrent la période de <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a> à <a href="/wiki/1899" title="1899">1899</a>. </p><p>Elle est caractérisée par une reprise économique internationale qui fait suite à la <a href="/wiki/Grande_D%C3%A9pression_(1873-1896)" title="Grande Dépression (1873-1896)">Grande Dépression (1873-1896)</a> et par le début d'une <a href="/wiki/Croissance_%C3%A9conomique" title="Croissance économique">croissance</a> forte à la <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a> (1896-1914), portée par les innovations de la <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_industrielle" title="Révolution industrielle">seconde révolution industrielle</a> (électricité, pétrole, automobile, textiles artificiels, <a href="/wiki/Chimie_organique" title="Chimie organique">chimie organique</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. La <a href="/wiki/Guerre_sino-japonaise_(1894-1895)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerre sino-japonaise (1894-1895)">guerre sino-japonaise de 1894-1895</a> et la <a href="/wiki/Guerre_hispano-am%C3%A9ricaine" title="Guerre hispano-américaine">guerre hispano-américaine</a> de 1898 marquent l'accession du <a href="/wiki/Japon" title="Japon">Japon</a> et des <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats-Unis" title="États-Unis">États-Unis</a> au rang des grandes puissances mondiales. Cette décennie voit l'apogée de la <a href="/wiki/Machine_%C3%A0_vapeur" title="Machine à vapeur">machine à vapeur</a>, alimentée au <a href="/wiki/Charbon" title="Charbon">charbon</a>, sur le point d'être détrônée par le <a href="/wiki/Moteur_%C3%A0_explosion" class="mw-redirect" title="Moteur à explosion">moteur à explosion</a> alimenté au <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9trole_raffin%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Pétrole raffiné">pétrole raffiné</a>. La suprématie de cette <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9opolitique_du_p%C3%A9trole#Du_monopole_au_cartel,_1900-1928" title="Géopolitique du pétrole">nouvelle source d'énergie</a> est confirmée lorsque la première flotte au monde, la <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>, décide en 1910 d'alimenter tous ses <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A2timent_naval" class="mw-redirect" title="Bâtiment naval">bâtiments</a> au <a href="/wiki/Fioul" title="Fioul">fioul</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Événements"><span id=".C3.89v.C3.A9nements"></span>Événements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1890&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Événements" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1890&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Événements"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Old-Amsterdam_1891-street-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Old-Amsterdam_1891-street-1.jpg/220px-Old-Amsterdam_1891-street-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Old-Amsterdam_1891-street-1.jpg/330px-Old-Amsterdam_1891-street-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Old-Amsterdam_1891-street-1.jpg/440px-Old-Amsterdam_1891-street-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="618" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Photochrome de la <a href="/wiki/Vijzelstraat" title="Vijzelstraat">Vijzelstraat</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, daté de <a href="/wiki/1891" title="1891">1891</a>, avant l'élargissement et la modernisation de la rue dans les années 1920.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1890 : <ul><li>le <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_Heligoland-Zanzibar" title="Traité Heligoland-Zanzibar">traité Heligoland-Zanzibar</a> parachève le <a href="/wiki/Partage_de_l%27Afrique" title="Partage de l'Afrique">partage de l'Afrique</a> orientale<sup id="cite_ref-Delamotte_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delamotte-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ; il restitue <a href="/wiki/Heligoland_(%C3%AEle)" title="Heligoland (île)">Heligoland</a> à l'Allemagne et reconnait la <a href="/wiki/Afrique_orientale_allemande" title="Afrique orientale allemande">colonisation du Tanganyika</a> ; le <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_(sultanat)" title="Zanzibar (sultanat)">sultan de Zanzibar</a> accepte le <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar_(protectorat)" title="Zanzibar (protectorat)">protectorat britannique</a> et la Grande-Bretagne à les mains libres pour prendre le contrôle de l’<a href="/wiki/Sultanat_d%27%C3%89gypte" title="Sultanat d'Égypte">Égypte</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lemarchand_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lemarchand-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>début présumé de l'<a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">aviation</a> avec le <a href="/wiki/Premier_vol" title="Premier vol">premier vol</a> d'un engin plus lourd que l'air, l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89ole_(avion)" title="Éole (avion)">Éole</a>, réalisé par l'ingénieur français <a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ment_Ader" title="Clément Ader">Clément Ader</a> qui aurait réussi à élever sa machine à 20 centimètres au-dessus du sol et à parcourir 50 mètres le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1890-10-09" data-sort-value="1890-10-09">9 octobre 1890</time><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li>1890-1894 : <a href="/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_Guerre_du_Dahomey" class="mw-redirect" title="Première Guerre du Dahomey">première</a> et <a href="/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_du_Dahomey" class="mw-redirect" title="Seconde Guerre du Dahomey">seconde</a> guerres du Dahomey. La France annexe le <a href="/wiki/Royaume_du_Dahomey" title="Royaume du Dahomey">royaume</a> de <a href="/wiki/Behanzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Behanzin">Behanzin</a> et crée la <a href="/wiki/Colonie_du_Dahomey" title="Colonie du Dahomey">colonie du Dahomey</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1890-1905 : seize soulèvements contre les compagnies concessionnaires au <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1891 : publication le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1891-05-15" data-sort-value="1891-05-15">15 mai 1891</time> de l'<a href="/wiki/Encyclique" title="Encyclique">encyclique</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Rerum_novarum" title="Rerum novarum">Rerum novarum</a></i> du <a href="/wiki/Pape" title="Pape">pape</a> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_XIII" title="Léon XIII">Léon XIII</a>, généralement considérée comme l'avènement de la <a href="/wiki/Doctrine_sociale_de_l%27%C3%89glise_catholique" title="Doctrine sociale de l'Église catholique">doctrine sociale de l'Église catholique</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1891-1892 : conclusion de l'<a href="/wiki/Alliance_franco-russe" title="Alliance franco-russe">alliance franco-russe</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1891-1898 : <a href="/wiki/Exp%C3%A9ditions_de_l%27%C3%89tat_ind%C3%A9pendant_du_Congo_vers_le_Nil" title="Expéditions de l'État indépendant du Congo vers le Nil">expéditions de l'État indépendant du Congo vers le Nil</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1893 : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exposition_universelle_de_1893" title="Exposition universelle de 1893">exposition universelle de Chicago</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerre_franco-siamoise_de_1893" title="Guerre franco-siamoise de 1893">guerre franco-siamoise</a>. La France impose son <a href="/wiki/Protectorat_fran%C3%A7ais_du_Laos" title="Protectorat français du Laos">protectorat sur le Laos</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li>1893-1899 : résistance du <a href="/wiki/Bunyoro" title="Bunyoro">Bunyoro</a> aux autorités britanniques<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1894 : début de l'<a href="/wiki/Affaire_Dreyfus" title="Affaire Dreyfus">Affaire Dreyfus</a> en France. En 1898, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a> publie "<a href="/wiki/J%27accuse%E2%80%A6_!" class="mw-redirect" title="J'accuse… !">J'accuse… !</a>", lettre ouverte dédiée au président de la République française <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure" title="Félix Faure">Félix Faure</a> pour défendre <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Dreyfus" title="Alfred Dreyfus">Alfred Dreyfus</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1894-1895 : <ul><li>l'<a href="/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_de_Madagascar" title="Expédition de Madagascar">expédition de Madagascar</a> aboutit à l'<a href="/wiki/Colonie_de_Madagascar_et_d%C3%A9pendances" title="Colonie de Madagascar et dépendances">annexion de Madagascar</a> par la France en 1896<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerre_sino-japonaise_(1894-1895)" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerre sino-japonaise (1894-1895)">guerre sino-japonaise</a>. Le Japon, par le <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Shimonoseki" title="Traité de Shimonoseki">traité de Shimonoseki</a>, de s'empare de Formose (<a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%AFwan_(%C3%AEle)" title="Taïwan (île)">Taïwan</a>), des <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Pescadores" title="Îles Pescadores">Pescadores</a> et de la <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ninsule_de_Jiaodong" title="Péninsule de Jiaodong">Péninsule de Jiaodong</a>. L'indépendance de la <a href="/wiki/Cor%C3%A9e" title="Corée">Corée</a> est garantie<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li>1894-1896 : <a href="/wiki/Massacres_hamidiens" title="Massacres hamidiens">premiers massacres en Arménie</a>, les nationalistes <a href="/wiki/Histoire_de_l%27Arm%C3%A9nie" title="Histoire de l'Arménie">Arméniens</a> réclament l’indépendance vis-à-vis de la <a href="/wiki/Empire_ottoman" title="Empire ottoman">Turquie</a> ; les représailles turques font deux cent mille morts, plus de cent mille réfugiés en Transcaucasie, cinquante mille orphelin, des dizaines de milliers de femmes sont <a href="/wiki/Violence_sexuelle_pendant_le_g%C3%A9nocide_des_Arm%C3%A9niens" title="Violence sexuelle pendant le génocide des Arméniens">réduites en esclavage sexuel</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ; à la même époque, la Russie d'<a href="/wiki/Alexandre_III_(empereur_de_Russie)" title="Alexandre III (empereur de Russie)">Alexandre III</a> réprime les activités des <a href="/wiki/Mouvement_de_lib%C3%A9ration_nationale_arm%C3%A9nien" title="Mouvement de libération nationale arménien">nationalistes arméniens</a> et interdisent aux <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9nie_russe" title="Arménie russe">Arméniens</a> de parler leur propre langue et d’ouvrir leurs propres écoles (1885 et 1897) et églises, ils déportent également de nombreux dirigeants nationalistes en <a href="/wiki/Sib%C3%A9rie" title="Sibérie">Sibérie</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>18<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1895 : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Histoire_du_cin%C3%A9ma" title="Histoire du cinéma">naissance du cinématographe</a> ; après le dépôt d'un premier brevet le <a href="/wiki/13_f%C3%A9vrier" title="13 février">13 février</a>, les frères <a href="/wiki/Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Louis Lumière">Louis</a> et <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste Lumière">Auguste Lumière</a> réalisent la première projection le 22 mars à la <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_d%27encouragement_pour_l%27industrie_nationale" title="Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale">Société d'encouragement pour l'industrie nationale</a> à Paris, puis la première projection publique devant deux cent cinquante spectateurs à <a href="/wiki/L%27Eden_Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre" title="L'Eden Théâtre">L'Eden Théâtre</a> à <a href="/wiki/La_Ciotat" title="La Ciotat">La Ciotat</a> le <a href="/wiki/21_septembre" title="21 septembre">21 septembre</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>19<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et la première projection commerciale à Paris dans le <a href="/wiki/Salon_indien_du_Grand_Caf%C3%A9" title="Salon indien du Grand Café">salon indien du Grand Café</a> le <a href="/wiki/28_d%C3%A9cembre" title="28 décembre">28 décembre</a><sup id="cite_ref-Duca_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duca-20"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>20<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>création du gouvernement général de l'<a href="/wiki/Afrique-Occidentale_fran%C3%A7aise" title="Afrique-Occidentale française">Afrique-Occidentale française</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>21<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li>1895-1898 : <a href="/wiki/Guerre_d%27ind%C3%A9pendance_cubaine" title="Guerre d'indépendance cubaine">guerre d'indépendance cubaine</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gautier_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gautier-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1896 : <ul><li>la <a href="/wiki/Bataille_d%27Adoua" title="Bataille d'Adoua">bataille d'Adoua</a> met fin à la <a href="/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_guerre_italo-%C3%A9thiopienne" title="Première guerre italo-éthiopienne">première guerre italo-éthiopienne</a> et garantie l'indépendance de l’<a href="/wiki/Empire_%C3%A9thiopien" title="Empire éthiopien">Éthiopie</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lemarchand_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lemarchand-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>accord franco-britannique qui garantit l'indépendance du <a href="/wiki/Siam" title="Siam">Siam</a>, qui devient un <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_tampon" title="État tampon">État tampon</a> entre les deux domaines coloniaux<sup id="cite_ref-Delamotte_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delamotte-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>les premiers <a href="/wiki/Jeux_olympiques_de_1896" title="Jeux olympiques de 1896">jeux olympiques</a> modernes se déroulent à Athènes<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>23<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li>1896-1898 : <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9volution_philippine" title="Révolution philippine">révolution philippine</a> pour son indépendance vis à vis de l'Espagne. L'<a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">archipel</a> est vendu aux États-Unis en 1898 lors du <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Paris_(1898)" title="Traité de Paris (1898)">traité de Paris</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Premi%C3%A8re_R%C3%A9publique_(Philippines)" title="Première République (Philippines)">République</a> est proclamée en janvier 1899 et une <a href="/wiki/Guerre_am%C3%A9ricano-philippine" title="Guerre américano-philippine">guerre</a> s'ensuit qui aboutit en <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a> à la colonisation par les États-Unis<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>24<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1896-1899 : <ul><li>campagne britanno-égyptienne de <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Herbert_Kitchener" title="Horatio Herbert Kitchener">Kitchener</a> sur la <a href="/wiki/Nil" title="Nil">vallée du Nil</a> ; ce tournant de la politique égyptienne de la Grande-Bretagne ouvre une période de tension entre <a href="/wiki/Londres" title="Londres">Londres</a> et <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, qui culmine avec l’<a href="/wiki/Crise_de_Fachoda" title="Crise de Fachoda">affaire de Fachoda</a> (1898)<sup id="cite_ref-Delamotte_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Delamotte-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ; les Britanniques aident l’<a href="/wiki/%C3%89gypte_sous_les_Alaouites" title="Égypte sous les Alaouites">Égypte</a> à faire respecter ses droits sur la vallée du Nil et établissent un <a href="/wiki/Soudan_anglo-%C3%A9gyptien" title="Soudan anglo-égyptien">condominium sur le Soudan</a> en 1899 après la défaite des <a href="/wiki/Guerre_des_mahdistes" title="Guerre des mahdistes">armées mahdistes</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>25<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ru%C3%A9e_vers_l%27or_du_Klondike" title="Ruée vers l'or du Klondike">ruée vers l'or du Klondike</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>26<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li> <li>1897 : <a href="/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_punitive_britannique_au_B%C3%A9nin" title="Expédition punitive britannique au Bénin">expédition punitive britannique au Bénin</a> et pillage des <a href="/wiki/Bronzes_du_B%C3%A9nin" title="Bronzes du Bénin">bronzes royaux</a><sup id="cite_ref-Adu_Boahen1987158_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adu_Boahen1987158-27"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>27<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>1898 : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_de_Milan" title="Massacre de Milan">massacre de Milan</a> perpétré par le général <a href="/wiki/Fiorenzo_Bava_Beccaris" title="Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris">Bava Beccaris</a> qui utilises des <a href="/wiki/Canon_(artillerie)" title="Canon (artillerie)">canon</a> contre des manifestants qui protestent contre la cherté des produits alimentaires<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>28<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>en Chine, la France établit son influence sur les provinces chinoise limitrophes du <a href="/wiki/Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Tonkin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangxi" title="Guangxi">Guangxi</a>) et obtient la concession de la <a href="/wiki/Kouang-Tch%C3%A9ou-Wan" title="Kouang-Tchéou-Wan">baie de Guangzhou</a> pour quatre-vingt-dix-neuf ans ; la Grande-Bretagne étend sa concession de <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> et des bases militaires européennes sont installées : à la suite de l’<a href="/wiki/Incident_de_Juye" title="Incident de Juye">incident de Juye</a>, l’<a href="/wiki/Allemagne" title="Allemagne">Allemagne</a> se fait céder par la force la <a href="/wiki/Baie_de_Jiaozhou" title="Baie de Jiaozhou">baie de Jiaozhou</a> avec le port de <a href="/wiki/Qingdao" title="Qingdao">Qingdao</a> pour quatre-vingt-dix-neuf ans, les Russes reçoivent la location à bail de <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCshunkou" title="Lüshunkou">Port-Arthur</a> et de la <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ninsule_du_Liaodong" title="Péninsule du Liaodong">péninsule du Liaodong</a> pour vingt-cinq ans<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>29<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>en Afrique, défaite de l’almami <a href="/wiki/Samory_Tour%C3%A9" title="Samory Touré">Samori Touré</a> qui a déplacé son empire des contreforts du <a href="/wiki/Fouta-Djalon" title="Fouta-Djalon">Fouta-Djalon</a> jusqu’à la <a href="/wiki/Volta_(fleuve)" title="Volta (fleuve)">Volta noire</a> et y a instauré un <a href="/wiki/Empire_wassoulou" title="Empire wassoulou">État théocratique puissant</a>, mais sa défaite devant <a href="/wiki/Sikasso" title="Sikasso">Sikasso</a> (actuel <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>), le refus d’alliance de son voisin <a href="/wiki/Ahmadou_Tall" title="Ahmadou Tall">Ahmadou Tall</a> et les révoltes de certains de ses vassaux mettent un terme à quarante ans de pouvoir, il meurt en captivité au Gabon le <time class="nowrap" datetime="1900-06-02" data-sort-value="1900-06-02">2 juin 1900</time><sup id="cite_ref-Deschamps_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deschamps-30"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>30<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerre_hispano-am%C3%A9ricaine" title="Guerre hispano-américaine">guerre hispano-américaine</a>, qui met en œuvre la <a href="/wiki/Doctrine_Monroe" title="Doctrine Monroe">doctrine Monroe</a> ; l’Espagne perd ses <a href="/wiki/Empire_espagnol" title="Empire espagnol">dernières colonies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto_Rico" title="Porto Rico">Porto-Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a>) au <a href="/wiki/Trait%C3%A9_de_Paris_(1898)" title="Traité de Paris (1898)">traité de Paris</a><sup id="cite_ref-Gautier_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gautier-22"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>22<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnages_significatifs">Personnages significatifs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1890&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Personnages significatifs" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1890&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Personnages significatifs"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abd%C3%BClhamid_II" title="Abdülhamid II">Abdülhamid II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_XIII" title="Alphonse XIII">Alphonse XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_III_(empereur_de_Russie)" title="Alexandre III (empereur de Russie)">Alexandre III (empereur de Russie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Ier" title="Carol Ier">Carol Ier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cixi" title="Cixi">Cixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Joseph_Ier_d%27Autriche" class="mw-redirect" title="François-Joseph Ier d'Autriche">François-Joseph Ier d'Autriche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ier_(roi_des_Hell%C3%A8nes)" title="Georges Ier (roi des Hellènes)">Georges Ier (roi des Hellènes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humbert_Ier_(roi_d%27Italie)" title="Humbert Ier (roi d'Italie)">Humbert Ier (roi d'Italie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_XIII" title="Léon XIII">Léon XIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9opold_II_(roi_des_Belges)" title="Léopold II (roi des Belges)">Léopold II (roi des Belges)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_(empereur)" title="Meiji (empereur)">Meiji (empereur)</a> (Mutsuhito)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_II" title="Nicolas II">Nicolas II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_II_(empereur_allemand)" title="Guillaume II (empereur allemand)">Guillaume II (empereur allemand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_(reine)" title="Victoria (reine)">Victoria (reine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmine_(reine_des_Pays-Bas)" title="Wilhelmine (reine des Pays-Bas)">Wilhelmine (reine des Pays-Bas)</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Bernhardt" title="Sarah Bernhardt">Sarah Bernhardt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadi_Carnot_(homme_politique)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sadi Carnot (homme politique)">Sadi Carnot (homme politique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S._Grover_Cleveland" class="mw-redirect" title="S. Grover Cleveland">S. Grover Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_de_Coubertin" title="Pierre de Coubertin">Pierre de Coubertin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Dreyfus" title="Alfred Dreyfus">Alfred Dreyfus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleonora_Duse" title="Eleonora Duse">Eleonora Duse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure" title="Félix Faure">Félix Faure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Gallieni" title="Joseph Gallieni">Joseph Gallieni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Harrison" title="Benjamin Harrison">Benjamin Harrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Arthur_Talbot_Gascoyne-Cecil" title="Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil">Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil</a> (Lord Salisbury)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Ewart_Gladstone" title="William Ewart Gladstone">William Ewart Gladstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">William McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes" title="Cecil Rhodes">Cecil Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chronologies_thématiques"><span id="Chronologies_th.C3.A9matiques"></span>Chronologies thématiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1890&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Chronologies thématiques" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1890&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Chronologies thématiques"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="bandeau-container bandeau-section metadata bandeau-niveau-information"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone-css loupe">Articles détaillés : <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cennie_1890_en_arts_plastiques" title="Décennie 1890 en arts plastiques">Décennie 1890 en arts plastiques</a> et <a href="/wiki/Chronologie_des_faits_%C3%A9conomiques_et_sociaux_dans_les_ann%C3%A9es_1890" title="Chronologie des faits économiques et sociaux dans les années 1890">Chronologie des faits économiques et sociaux dans les années 1890</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1890&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1890&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Buridant,_Arcangelo_Figliuzzi,_Marc_Montoussé,_Isabelle_Waquet2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jérôme_Buridant,_Arcangelo_Figliuzzi,_Marc_Montoussé,_Isabelle_Waquet2007">Jérôme Buridant, Arcangelo Figliuzzi, Marc Montoussé, Isabelle Waquet, <cite class="italique">Histoire des faits économiques</cite>, Éditions Bréal, <time>2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782749507378" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782749507378"><span class="nowrap">9782749507378</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=VKzF6XG5Jb4C&pg=PA106">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+des+faits+%C3%A9conomiques&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Br%C3%A9al&rft.au=J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me+Buridant%2C+Arcangelo+Figliuzzi%2C+Marc+Montouss%C3%A9%2C+Isabelle+Waquet&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9782749507378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Auzanneau2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Matthieu_Auzanneau2021">Matthieu Auzanneau, <cite class="italique">Or noir: La grande histoire du pétrole</cite>, La Découverte, <time>2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782348067549" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782348067549"><span class="nowrap">9782348067549</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=x6EQEAAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT84">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Or+noir%3A+La+grande+histoire+du+p%C3%A9trole&rft.pub=La+D%C3%A9couverte&rft.aulast=Auzanneau&rft.aufirst=Matthieu&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9782348067549&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Delamotte-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Delamotte_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Delamotte_3-1">b</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Delamotte_3-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Delamotte,_Cédric_Tellenne2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Guibourg_Delamotte,_Cédric_Tellenne2021">Guibourg Delamotte, Cédric Tellenne, <cite class="italique">Géopolitique et géoéconomie du monde contemporain: Puissance et conflits</cite>, La Découverte, <time>2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782348070044" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782348070044"><span class="nowrap">9782348070044</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=eAhHEAAAQBAJ">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C3%A9opolitique+et+g%C3%A9o%C3%A9conomie+du+monde+contemporain%3A+Puissance+et+conflits&rft.pub=La+D%C3%A9couverte&rft.au=Guibourg+Delamotte%2C+C%C3%A9dric+Tellenne&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9782348070044&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lemarchand-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lemarchand_4-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Lemarchand_4-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lemarchand1994"><span class="ouvrage" id="Philippe_Lemarchand1994">Philippe Lemarchand, <cite class="italique">L'Afrique et l'Europe : atlas du XXe siècle=</cite>, Éditions Complexe, <time>1994</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782870275184" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782870275184"><span class="nowrap">9782870275184</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=H5pFcWhCyU8C&pg=PA32">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Afrique+et+l%27Europe+%3A+atlas+du+XXe+si%C3%A8cle%3D&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Complexe&rft.aulast=Lemarchand&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9782870275184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Guthleben2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Denis_Guthleben2021">Denis Guthleben, <cite class="italique">La fabuleuse histoire des inventions - de la maîtrise du feu à l'immortalité</cite>, Dunod, <time>2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782100800537" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782100800537"><span class="nowrap">9782100800537</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=IuIsEAAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT186">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+fabuleuse+histoire+des+inventions+-+de+la+ma%C3%AEtrise+du+feu+%C3%A0+l%27immortalit%C3%A9&rft.pub=Dunod&rft.aulast=Guthleben&rft.aufirst=Denis&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9782100800537&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Christian2011"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roche_Christian2011">Roche Christian, <cite class="italique">L'Afrique noire et la France au XIXe siècle - Conquêtes et résistances</cite>, Karthala, <time>2011</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782811120061" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782811120061"><span class="nowrap">9782811120061</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=MhepDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA126">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Afrique+noire+et+la+France+au+XIXe+si%C3%A8cle+-+Conqu%C3%AAtes+et+r%C3%A9sistances&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.aulast=Christian&rft.aufirst=Roche&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9782811120061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Boahen1987"><span class="ouvrage" id="A._A._Boahen1987">A. A. <span class="nom_auteur">Boahen</span> (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>), <cite class="italique">L'Afrique sous domination coloniale, 1880-1935</cite>, Paris, Éditions Unesco/NEA, <time>1987</time>, 940 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-92-3-201713-0" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-92-3-201713-0"><span class="nowrap">978-92-3-201713-0</span></a>, <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34940298d.public">34940298</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Afrique+sous+domination+coloniale%2C+1880-1935&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Unesco%2FNEA&rft.aulast=Boahen&rft.aufirst=A.+A.&rft.date=1987&rft.tpages=940&rft.isbn=978-92-3-201713-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span>. <span class="noarchive"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=xil95Lf6QcwC&pg=PA291"><i>Texte partiellement en ligne</i></a></span> sur <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Livres" title="Google Livres">Google Livres</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Derond2019"><span class="ouvrage" id="Charles_Derond2019">Charles Derond, <cite class="italique">La réflexion sociale de l'Église catholique en paroles et en actes - L'exemple maronite</cite>, Lethielleux Éditions, <time>2019</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782249626487" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782249626487"><span class="nowrap">9782249626487</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=beyMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT39">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+r%C3%A9flexion+sociale+de+l%27%C3%89glise+catholique+en+paroles+et+en+actes+-+L%27exemple+maronite&rft.pub=Lethielleux+%C3%89ditions&rft.aulast=Derond&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9782249626487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jourdan2000"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Paul_Jourdan2000">Jean-Paul Jourdan, <cite class="italique">Documents d'histoire contemporaine - Le XIXe siècle</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 1, Presses Univ de Bordeaux, <time>2000</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782867812897" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782867812897"><span class="nowrap">9782867812897</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=J9365BvcEToC&pg=PA179">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Documents+d%27histoire+contemporaine+-+Le+XIXe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=Presses+Univ+de+Bordeaux&rft.aulast=Jourdan&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul&rft.date=2000&rft.volume=1&rft.isbn=9782867812897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Derond2019"><span class="ouvrage" id="Charles_Derond2019">Charles Derond, <cite class="italique">La réflexion sociale de l'Église catholique en paroles et en actes: L'exemple maronite</cite>, Lethielleux Éditions, <time>2019</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782249626487" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782249626487"><span class="nowrap">9782249626487</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=beyMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT39">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+r%C3%A9flexion+sociale+de+l%27%C3%89glise+catholique+en+paroles+et+en+actes%3A+L%27exemple+maronite&rft.pub=Lethielleux+%C3%89ditions&rft.aulast=Derond&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9782249626487&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Birgy2010"><span class="ouvrage" id="Philippe_Birgy2010">Philippe Birgy, <cite class="italique">The Art of the City</cite>, Presses Univ. du Mirail, <time>2010</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782810700394" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782810700394"><span class="nowrap">9782810700394</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=BtglsDE6LuwC&pg=PA431">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+the+City&rft.pub=Presses+Univ.+du+Mirail&rft.aulast=Birgy&rft.aufirst=Philippe&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9782810700394&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Michelin"><span class="ouvrage" id="Franck_Michelin">Franck Michelin, <cite class="italique">La Guerre du Pacifique a commencé en Indochine</cite>, Humensis <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782379330629" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782379330629"><span class="nowrap">9782379330629</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=CC6PDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT124">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Guerre+du+Pacifique+a+commenc%C3%A9+en+Indochine&rft.pub=Humensis&rft.aulast=Michelin&rft.aufirst=Franck&rft.isbn=9782379330629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2007"><cite class="italique">Le royaume du Buganda au XIXe siècle</cite>, Karthala, <time>2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782811141455" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782811141455"><span class="nowrap">9782811141455</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=bDubH-5Ue8UC&pg=PA250">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+royaume+du+Buganda+au+XIXe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9782811141455&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Roig2015"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Paul_Roig2015">Jean-Paul Roig, <cite class="italique">Citations historiques expliquées</cite>, Éditions Eyrolles, <time>2015</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782212562200" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782212562200"><span class="nowrap">9782212562200</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=hReACAAAQBAJ&pg=PA104">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citations+historiques+expliqu%C3%A9es&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Eyrolles&rft.aulast=Roig&rft.aufirst=Jean-Paul&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9782212562200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Adu_Boahen1987"><span class="ouvrage" id="Albert_Adu_Boahen1987">Albert <span class="nom_auteur">Adu Boahen</span>, <cite class="italique">L'Afrique sous domination coloniale, 1880-1935</cite>, UNESCO, <time>1987</time>, 937 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9789232017130" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9789232017130"><span class="nowrap">9789232017130</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.fr/books?id=xil95Lf6QcwC&pg=PA255">lire en ligne</a>)</small>, p.255<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Afrique+sous+domination+coloniale%2C+1880-1935&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.aulast=Adu+Boahen&rft.aufirst=Albert&rft.date=1987&rft.pages=p.255&rft.tpages=937&rft.isbn=9789232017130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Quemeneur2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Tramor_Quemeneur2004">Tramor Quemeneur, <cite class="italique">100 fiches d'histoire du XXe siècle</cite>, Éditions Bréal, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782749503417" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782749503417"><span class="nowrap">9782749503417</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=yjdTU_B0XeMC&pg=PA39">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+fiches+d%27histoire+du+XXe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+Br%C3%A9al&rft.aulast=Quemeneur&rft.aufirst=Tramor&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9782749503417&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Le_Naour2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Jean-Yves_Le_Naour2013">Jean-Yves Le Naour, <cite class="italique">1915 - L'enlisement</cite>, Place des éditeurs, <time>2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782262043919" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782262043919"><span class="nowrap">9782262043919</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=5R1XAQAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT216">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1915+-+L%27enlisement&rft.pub=Place+des+%C3%A9diteurs&rft.au=Jean-Yves+Le+Naour&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9782262043919&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mouradian2013"><span class="ouvrage" id="Claire_Mouradian2013">Claire Mouradian, <cite class="italique">L'Arménie: « Que sais-je ? » n° 851</cite>, Presses universitaires de France, <time>2013</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782130617778" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782130617778"><span class="nowrap">9782130617778</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=84cKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT55">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Arm%C3%A9nie%3A+%C2%AB+Que+sais-je+%3F+%C2%BB+n%C2%B0+851&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&rft.aulast=Mouradian&rft.aufirst=Claire&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9782130617778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage">« <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edencinemalaciotat.com/le-plus-ancien-cinema-du-monde/"><cite style="font-style:normal;">le plus ancien cinéma du monde</cite></a> », sur <span class="italique">Site officiel de l’Eden – Etablissement cinématographique de la Ville de La Ciotat géré par l’association Les Lumières de l’Eden</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duca-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Duca_20-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Duca1964"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lo_Duca1964">Lo Duca, <cite class="italique">Histoire du cinéma : 1895-1964</cite>, <a href="/wiki/Presses_universitaires_de_France" title="Presses universitaires de France">Presses universitaires de France</a>, <time>1964</time>, 160 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-402-29504-8" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-402-29504-8"><span class="nowrap">978-2-402-29504-8</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=1Vp8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT13">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+du+cin%C3%A9ma&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&rft.stitle=1895-1964&rft.aulast=Duca&rft.aufirst=Lo&rft.date=1964&rft.tpages=160&rft.isbn=978-2-402-29504-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Dramé2007"><span class="ouvrage" id="Patrick-Papa_Dramé2007">Patrick-Papa Dramé, <cite class="italique">L'impérialisme colonial français en Afrique : enjeux et impacts de la défense de l'AOF, 1918-1940</cite>, Harmattan, <time>2007</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782296042483" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782296042483"><span class="nowrap">9782296042483</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=Nuw-ImdFL9EC&pg=PA19">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27imp%C3%A9rialisme+colonial+fran%C3%A7ais+en+Afrique+%3A+enjeux+et+impacts+de+la+d%C3%A9fense+de+l%27AOF%2C+1918-1940&rft.pub=Harmattan&rft.aulast=Dram%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Patrick-Papa&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9782296042483&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gautier-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Gautier_22-0">a</a> et <a href="#cite_ref-Gautier_22-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gautier2005"><span class="ouvrage" id="Alban_Gautier2005">Alban Gautier, <cite class="italique">100 dates qui ont fait le monde : 3000 ans de mondialisation</cite>, Studyrama, <time>2005</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782844726575" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782844726575"><span class="nowrap">9782844726575</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=XXGqlS8MIYYC&pg=PA257">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+dates+qui+ont+fait+le+monde+%3A+3000+ans+de+mondialisation&rft.pub=Studyrama&rft.aulast=Gautier&rft.aufirst=Alban&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9782844726575&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Joffre"><span class="ouvrage" id="Eric_Joffre">Eric Joffre, <cite class="italique">Les jeux olympiques: De l'antiquité à aujourd'hui</cite> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=pf9tDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+jeux+olympiques%3A+De+l%27antiquit%C3%A9+%C3%A0+aujourd%27hui&rft.aulast=Joffre&rft.aufirst=Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Mangin1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="Marc_Mangin1993">Marc Mangin, <cite class="italique">Les Philippines</cite>, Karthala, <time>1993</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782865373505" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782865373505"><span class="nowrap">9782865373505</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=EiBLI2ZNxTYC&pg=PA82">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Philippines&rft.pub=Karthala&rft.aulast=Mangin&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9782865373505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Lugan2021"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Lugan2021">Bernard Lugan, <cite class="italique">Histoire de l'Egypte: Des origines à nos jours</cite>, Éditions du Rocher, <time>2021</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782268105284" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782268105284"><span class="nowrap">9782268105284</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=vbkmEAAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT157">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Histoire+de+l%27Egypte%3A+Des+origines+%C3%A0+nos+jours&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+du+Rocher&rft.aulast=Lugan&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9782268105284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Guiollard"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pierre-Christian_Guiollard">Pierre-Christian Guiollard, <cite class="italique">Klondike (Canada) 1896-1996 : un siècle de ruée vers l'or</cite>, FeniXX <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782402106511" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782402106511"><span class="nowrap">9782402106511</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=4evvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT238">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Klondike+%28Canada%29+1896-1996+%3A+un+si%C3%A8cle+de+ru%C3%A9e+vers+l%27or&rft.pub=FeniXX&rft.aulast=Guiollard&rft.aufirst=Pierre-Christian&rft.isbn=9782402106511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adu_Boahen1987158-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Adu_Boahen1987158_27-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="#Adu_Boahen1987">Adu Boahen 1987</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 158. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pécout2004"><span class="ouvrage" id="Gilles_Pécout2004">Gilles Pécout, <cite class="italique">Naissance de l’Italie contemporaine: 1770-1922</cite>, Armand Colin, <time>2004</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782200242619" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782200242619"><span class="nowrap">9782200242619</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=mpHOnNmOjzsC&pg=PAPT233">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naissance+de+l%E2%80%99Italie+contemporaine%3A+1770-1922&rft.pub=Armand+Colin&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9cout&rft.aufirst=Gilles&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9782200242619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ma"><span class="ouvrage" id="Li_Ma">Li Ma, <cite class="italique">La Chine et la Grande Guerre</cite>, CNRS <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782271122759" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782271122759"><span class="nowrap">9782271122759</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=3x2XDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT33">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Chine+et+la+Grande+Guerre&rft.pub=CNRS&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Li&rft.isbn=9782271122759&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deschamps-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-Deschamps_30-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Deschamps"><span class="ouvrage" id="Hubert_Deschamps">Hubert Deschamps, <cite class="italique">L'Afrique noire précoloniale</cite>, Presses universitaires de France <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/9782705902766" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/9782705902766"><span class="nowrap">9782705902766</span></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=bcKPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PAPT67">présentation en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27Afrique+noire+pr%C3%A9coloniale&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+France&rft.aulast=Deschamps&rft.aufirst=Hubert&rft.isbn=9782705902766&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AAnn%C3%A9es+1890"></span></span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1890&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1890&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style><div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1890s?uselang=fr">Années 1890</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1890&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ann%C3%A9es_1890&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musee-mccord.qc.ca/fr/clefs/jeux/jeu_0/">Jeu de rôle: Les bonnes manières à l'époque victorienne</a></li></ul> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1890" title="Portail des années 1890"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Goum_1893.jpg/36px-Goum_1893.jpg" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Goum_1893.jpg/54px-Goum_1893.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Goum_1893.jpg/72px-Goum_1893.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Ann%C3%A9es_1890" title="Portail:Années 1890">Portail des années 1890</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Portail du XIXe siècle"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/48px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/72px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png/96px-Journal-des-chemins-de-fer-image-titre.png 2x" data-file-width="694" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Portail:XIXe siècle">Portail du <abbr class="abbr" title="19ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">XIX</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine" title="Portail du monde contemporain"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/18px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/27px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg/36px-Hannover_Gehry-Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:%C3%89poque_contemporaine" title="Portail:Époque contemporaine">Portail du monde contemporain</a></span> </span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Années_1890&oldid=213778357">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Années_1890&oldid=213778357</a> ».</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Accueil" title="Catégorie:Accueil">Catégories</a> : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Ann%C3%A9es_1890" title="Catégorie:Années 1890">Années 1890</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:D%C3%A9cennie_du_XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="Catégorie:Décennie du XIXe siècle">Décennie du XIXe siècle</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Catégories cachées : <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cat%C3%A9gorie:Article_utilisant_une_Infobox" title="Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox">Article utilisant une Infobox</a></li><li><a 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