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So all who could bear arms, young and old, were summoned and stationed at the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/kjv/2_kings/3.htm">King James Bible</a></span><br />And when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight against them, they gathered all that were able to put on armour, and upward, and stood in the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nkjv/2_kings/3.htm">New King James Version</a></span><br />And when all the Moabites heard that the kings had come up to fight against them, all who were able to bear arms and older were gathered; and they stood at the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb_/2_kings/3.htm">New American Standard Bible</a></span><br />Now all the Moabites heard that the kings had come up to fight against them. And all who were able to put on armor and older were summoned and they took their positions on the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb/2_kings/3.htm">NASB 1995</a></span><br />Now all the Moabites heard that the kings had come up to fight against them. And all who were able to put on armor and older were summoned and stood on the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nasb77/2_kings/3.htm">NASB 1977 </a></span><br />Now all the Moabites heard that the kings had come up to fight against them. And all who were able to put on armor and older were summoned, and stood on the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsb/2_kings/3.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a></span><br />Now all the Moabites heard that the kings had come up to fight against them. And they summoned all who were able to put on armor and older, and they stood on the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/amp/2_kings/3.htm">Amplified Bible</a></span><br />Now all the Moabites heard that the [three] kings had come up to fight against them, and all who were able to put on armor, as well as those who were older, were summoned and stood [together in battle formation] at the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/csb/2_kings/3.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />All Moab had heard that the kings had come up to fight against them. So all who could bear arms, from the youngest to the oldest, were summoned and took their stand at the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hcsb/2_kings/3.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a></span><br />All Moab had heard that the kings had come up to fight against them. So all who could bear arms, from the youngest to the oldest, were summoned and took their stand at the border. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/asv/2_kings/3.htm">American Standard Version</a></span><br />Now when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight against them, they gathered themselves together, all that were able to put on armor, and upward, and stood on the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cev/2_kings/3.htm">Contemporary English Version</a></span><br />Meanwhile, the people of Moab had heard that the three kings were coming to attack them. They had called together all of their fighting men, from the youngest to the oldest, and these troops were now standing at their border, ready for battle. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/erv/2_kings/3.htm">English Revised Version</a></span><br />Now when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight against them, they gathered themselves together, all that were able to put on armour, and upward, and stood on the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gwt/2_kings/3.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a></span><br />All the people of Moab heard that the kings had come to fight them. So all men old enough to bear arms were called to fight. They stood at the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/gnt/2_kings/3.htm">Good News Translation</a></span><br />When the Moabites heard that the three kings had come to attack them, all the men who could bear arms, from the oldest to the youngest, were called out and stationed at the border. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/isv/2_kings/3.htm">International Standard Version</a></span><br />Meanwhile, all the Moabites heard that the kings had come up to attack them, so everyone old enough to wear battle armor was mustered to stand guard at the border. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/msb/2_kings/3.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a></span><br />Now all the Moabites had heard that the kings had come up to fight against them. So all who could bear arms, young and old, were summoned and stationed at the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/net/2_kings/3.htm">NET Bible</a></span><br />Now all Moab had heard that the kings were attacking, so everyone old enough to fight was mustered and placed at the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nheb/2_kings/3.htm">New Heart English Bible</a></span><br />Now when all the Moabites heard that the kings had come up to fight against them, they gathered themselves together, all who were able to put on armor, and upward, and stood on the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/wbt/2_kings/3.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a></span><br />And when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight against them, they gathered all that were able to put on armor, and upward, and stood in the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/web/2_kings/3.htm">World English Bible</a></span><br />Now when all the Moabites heard that the kings had come up to fight against them, they gathered themselves together, all who were able to put on armor, young and old, and stood on the border. <div class="vheading2"><b>Literal Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lsv/2_kings/3.htm">Literal Standard Version</a></span><br />and all of Moab has heard that the kings have come up to fight against them, and they are called together, from everyone girding on a girdle and upward, and they stand by the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/ylt/2_kings/3.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a></span><br /> and all Moab have heard that the kings have come up to fight against them, and they are called together, from every one girding on a girdle and upward, and they stand by the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/slt/2_kings/3.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a></span><br />And all Moab heard that the kings came up to war against them, and they will be gathered together from all girding on a girdle, and above, and they will stand upon the bound.<div class="vheading2"><b>Catholic Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/drb/2_kings/3.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a></span><br />And all the Moabites hearing that the kings were come up to fight against them, gathered together all that were girded with a belt upon them, and stood in the borders. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/cpdv/2_kings/3.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a></span><br />Then all the Moabites, hearing that the kings had ascended so that they might fight against them, gathered all who had been girded with a belt around them, and they stood at the borders.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nabre/2_kings/3.htm">New American Bible</a></span><br />Meanwhile, all Moab had heard that the kings had come to war against them; troops from the youngest on up were mobilized and stationed at the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/nrsvce/2_kings/3.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a></span><br />When all the Moabites heard that the kings had come up to fight against them, all who were able to put on armor, from the youngest to the oldest, were called out and were drawn up at the frontier.<div class="vheading2"><b>Translations from Aramaic</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/lamsa/2_kings/3.htm">Lamsa Bible</a></span><br />And when all the Moabites saw that the kings were come up to fight against them, they called out all that were able to gird themselves with the sword and stood on the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/hpbt/2_kings/3.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a></span><br />And all the Moabites heard that the Kings came up to fight with them, and all who were girt with a sword and beyond announced themselves and they stood on the border.<div class="vheading2"><b>OT Translations</b></div><span class="versiontext"><a href="/jps/2_kings/3.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a></span><br />Now when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight against them, they gathered themselves together, all that were able to put on armour, and upward, and stood on the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/sep/2_kings/3.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a></span><br />And all Moab heard that the three kings were come up to fight against them; and they cried out on every <i>side, even</i> all that were girt with a girdle, and they said, Ho! and stood upon the border.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/parallel/2_kings/3-21.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></span></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv"><b>Audio Bible</b></div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/FiLs3w_mMFQ?start=818" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><div class="vheadingv"><b>Context</b></div><span class="hdg"><a href="/bsb/2_kings/3.htm">Joram Overcomes Moab's Rebellion</a></span><br>…<span class="reftext">20</span>The next morning, at the time of the morning sacrifice, water suddenly flowed from the direction of Edom and filled the land. <span class="reftext">21</span><span class="highl"><a href="/hebrew/3605.htm" title="3605: wə·ḵāl (Conj-w:: N-msc) -- The whole, all. Or kowl; from kalal; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every.">Now all</a> <a href="/hebrew/4124.htm" title="4124: mō·w·’āḇ (N-proper-fs) -- A son of Lot, also his desc. and the territory where they settled. ">the Moabites</a> <a href="/hebrew/8085.htm" title="8085: šā·mə·‘ū (V-Qal-Perf-3cp) -- To hear. A primitive root; to hear intelligently.">had heard</a> <a href="/hebrew/3588.htm" title="3588: kî- (Conj) -- That, for, when. ">that</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: ham·mə·lā·ḵîm (Art:: N-mp) -- King. From malak; a king.">the kings</a> <a href="/hebrew/5927.htm" title="5927: ‘ā·lū (V-Qal-Perf-3cp) -- A primitive root; to ascend, intransitively or actively; used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative.">had come up</a> <a href="/hebrew/3898.htm" title="3898: lə·hil·lā·ḥem (Prep-l:: V-Nifal-Inf) -- To feed on, to consume, to battle. A primitive root; to feed on; figuratively, to consume; by implication, to battle.">to fight</a> <a href="/hebrew/bām (Prep:: 3mp) -- ">against them.</a> <a href="/hebrew/3605.htm" title="3605: mik·kōl (Prep-m:: N-msc) -- The whole, all. Or kowl; from kalal; properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every.">So all</a> <a href="/hebrew/2296.htm" title="2296: ḥō·ḡêr (V-Qal-Prtcpl-msc) -- To gird, gird on, gird oneself. A primitive root; to gird on.">who could bear arms,</a> <a href="/hebrew/2290.htm" title="2290: ḥă·ḡō·rāh (N-fs) -- A belt, girdle. Or chagor; and chagowrah; or chagorah; from chagar; a belt."></a> <a href="/hebrew/4605.htm" title="4605: wā·ma‘·lāh (Conj-w:: Adv:: 3fs) -- From alah; properly, the upper part, used only adverbially with prefix upward, above, overhead, from the top, etc.">young and old,</a> <a href="/hebrew/6817.htm" title="6817: way·yiṣ·ṣā·‘ă·qū (Conj-w:: V-Nifal-ConsecImperf-3mp) -- To cry, cry out, call. A primitive root; to shriek; to proclaim.">were summoned</a> <a href="/hebrew/5975.htm" title="5975: way·ya·‘am·ḏū (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3mp) -- To take one's stand, stand. A primitive root; to stand, in various relations.">and stationed</a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘al- (Prep) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications.">at</a> <a href="/hebrew/1366.htm" title="1366: hag·gə·ḇūl (Art:: N-ms) -- Border, boundary, territory. Or gbul; from gabal; properly, a cord, i.e. a boundary; by extens. The territory inclosed.">the border.</a> </span><span class="reftext">22</span>When they got up early in the morning, the sun was shining on the water, and it looked as red as blood to the Moabites across the way.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><span class="crossverse"><a href="/exodus/14-24.htm">Exodus 14:24-25</a></span><br />At morning watch, however, the LORD looked down on the army of the Egyptians from the pillar of fire and cloud, and He threw their camp into confusion. / He caused their chariot wheels to wobble, so that they had difficulty driving. “Let us flee from the Israelites,” said the Egyptians, “for the LORD is fighting for them against Egypt!”<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/judges/7-22.htm">Judges 7:22</a></span><br />And when the three hundred rams’ horns sounded, the LORD set all the men in the camp against one another with their swords. The army fled to Beth-shittah toward Zererah as far as the border of Abel-meholah near Tabbath.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_samuel/14-20.htm">1 Samuel 14:20</a></span><br />Then Saul and all his troops assembled and marched to the battle, and they found the Philistines in total confusion, with each man wielding the sword against his neighbor.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_chronicles/20-22.htm">2 Chronicles 20:22-23</a></span><br />The moment they began their shouts and praises, the LORD set ambushes against the men of Ammon, Moab, and Mount Seir who had come against Judah, and they were defeated. / The Ammonites and Moabites rose up against the inhabitants of Mount Seir, devoting them to destruction. And when they had finished off the inhabitants of Seir, they helped to destroy one another.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/isaiah/19-2.htm">Isaiah 19:2</a></span><br />“So I will incite Egyptian against Egyptian; brother will fight against brother, neighbor against neighbor, city against city, and kingdom against kingdom.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/ezekiel/38-21.htm">Ezekiel 38:21</a></span><br />And I will summon a sword against Gog on all My mountains, declares the Lord GOD, and every man’s sword will be against his brother.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/matthew/24-7.htm">Matthew 24:7</a></span><br />Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines and earthquakes in various places.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/mark/13-8.htm">Mark 13:8</a></span><br />Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, as well as famines. These are the beginning of birth pains.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/luke/21-10.htm">Luke 21:10</a></span><br />Then He told them, “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/2-6.htm">Acts 2:6</a></span><br />And when this sound rang out, a crowd came together in bewilderment, because each one heard them speaking his own language.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/acts/19-32.htm">Acts 19:32</a></span><br />Meanwhile the assembly was in turmoil. Some were shouting one thing and some another, and most of them did not even know why they were there.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/1_corinthians/14-33.htm">1 Corinthians 14:33</a></span><br />For God is not a God of disorder, but of peace—as in all the churches of the saints.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/6-4.htm">Revelation 6:4</a></span><br />Then another horse went forth. It was bright red, and its rider was granted permission to take away peace from the earth and to make men slay one another. And he was given a great sword.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/revelation/16-14.htm">Revelation 16:14</a></span><br />These are demonic spirits that perform signs and go out to all the kings of the earth, to assemble them for battle on the great day of God the Almighty.<span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="crossverse"><a href="/2_kings/6-18.htm">2 Kings 6:18-20</a></span><br />As the Arameans came down against him, Elisha prayed to the LORD, “Please strike these people with blindness.” So He struck them with blindness, according to the word of Elisha. / And Elisha told them, “This is not the way, and this is not the city. Follow me, and I will take you to the man you are seeking.” And he led them to Samaria. / When they had entered Samaria, Elisha said, “O LORD, open the eyes of these men that they may see.” Then the LORD opened their eyes, and they looked around and discovered that they were in Samaria.</div><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div><p class="tsk2">And when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight against them, they gathered all that were able to put on armor, and upward, and stood in the border.</p><p class="hdg">gathered [heb] were cried together </p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/1_kings/20-11.htm">1 Kings 20:11</a></b></br> And the king of Israel answered and said, Tell <i>him</i>, Let not him that girdeth on <i>his harness</i> boast himself as he that putteth it off.</p><p class="tskverse"><b><a href="/ephesians/6-14.htm">Ephesians 6:14</a></b></br> Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with truth, and having on the breastplate of righteousness;</p><div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/1_kings/22-22.htm">Able</a> <a href="/1_kings/22-38.htm">Armor</a> <a href="/1_kings/22-38.htm">Armour</a> <a href="/1_kings/20-11.htm">Arms</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-10.htm">Bear</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-21.htm">Border</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-20.htm">Country</a> <a href="/2_samuel/17-13.htm">Drawn</a> <a href="/2_kings/2-13.htm">Edge</a> <a href="/1_kings/22-35.htm">Fight</a> <a href="/1_kings/22-21.htm">Forward</a> <a href="/joshua/22-11.htm">Frontier</a> <a href="/1_kings/22-6.htm">Gathered</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-27.htm">Heard</a> <a href="/1_kings/21-27.htm">Hearing</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-13.htm">Kings</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-18.htm">Moab</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-18.htm">Moabites</a> <a href="/1_samuel/18-17.htm">Older</a> <a href="/2_samuel/13-21.htm">Oldest</a> <a href="/1_kings/20-12.htm">Stationed</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-14.htm">Stood</a> <a href="/1_kings/22-9.htm">Summoned</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-9.htm">Themselves</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-13.htm">Together</a> <a href="/1_kings/7-31.htm">Upward</a> <a href="/1_kings/22-45.htm">War</a> <a href="/2_kings/2-23.htm">Young</a> <a href="/1_kings/16-34.htm">Youngest</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/2_kings/3-26.htm">Able</a> <a href="/2_kings/10-2.htm">Armor</a> <a href="/2_kings/10-2.htm">Armour</a> <a href="/2_kings/4-16.htm">Arms</a> <a href="/2_kings/4-19.htm">Bear</a> <a href="/2_kings/10-32.htm">Border</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-24.htm">Country</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/21-16.htm">Drawn</a> <a href="/2_kings/7-5.htm">Edge</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-26.htm">Fight</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-24.htm">Forward</a> <a href="/ezekiel/25-9.htm">Frontier</a> <a href="/2_kings/4-39.htm">Gathered</a> <a href="/2_kings/5-8.htm">Heard</a> <a href="/2_kings/4-31.htm">Hearing</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-23.htm">Kings</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-23.htm">Moab</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-22.htm">Moabites</a> <a href="/2_kings/4-18.htm">Older</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-27.htm">Oldest</a> <a href="/2_kings/10-24.htm">Stationed</a> <a href="/2_kings/4-12.htm">Stood</a> <a href="/2_kings/4-36.htm">Summoned</a> <a href="/2_kings/7-12.htm">Themselves</a> <a href="/2_kings/3-23.htm">Together</a> <a href="/2_kings/19-30.htm">Upward</a> <a href="/2_kings/6-8.htm">War</a> <a href="/2_kings/4-12.htm">Young</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/21-17.htm">Youngest</a><div class="vheading2">2 Kings 3</div><span class="reftext">1. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/2_kings/3-1.htm">Jehoram's reign</a></span><br><span class="reftext">4. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/2_kings/3-4.htm">Mesha rebels</a></span><br><span class="reftext">6. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/2_kings/3-6.htm">Jehoram, with Jehoshaphat, and the king of Edom, being distressed for want of water, </a></span><br><span class="reftext">13. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/2_kings/3-13.htm">by Elisha obtains water, and promise of victory</a></span><br><span class="reftext">21. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/2_kings/3-21.htm">The Moabites, deceived by the colour of the water, coming to spoil, are overcome</a></span><br><span class="reftext">26. </span><span class="outlinetext"><a href="/2_kings/3-26.htm">The king of Moab sacrifices his son, and raises the siege</a></span><br></div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div><br /><br />  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div><br /><br />  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div><br /><br /> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> <br /><br /> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_kings/3.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_kings/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/2_kings/3.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div><b>Now all the Moabites had heard that the kings had come up to fight against them.</b><br>The Moabites were descendants of Lot, Abraham's nephew, and had a tumultuous relationship with Israel. The context of this passage is a coalition of Israel, Judah, and Edom coming against Moab after King Mesha of Moab rebelled against Israelite control. The Moabites hearing of the approaching kings indicates the spread of information and the urgency of the situation. Historically, Moab was located east of the Dead Sea, a region known for its rugged terrain and strategic importance. The Moabite Stone, an archaeological artifact, provides additional context to this period, detailing King Mesha's perspective on the conflict. This phrase highlights the tension and anticipation of impending warfare, a common theme in the Old Testament where nations often rose against each other.<p><b>So all who could bear arms, young and old, were summoned and stationed at the border.</b><br>The summoning of all who could bear arms, regardless of age, underscores the desperation and determination of the Moabites to defend their land. This reflects the ancient Near Eastern practice of mustering all available men for battle, emphasizing the communal responsibility in times of war. The mention of "young and old" suggests a total mobilization, indicating the severity of the threat perceived by Moab. Stationing at the border signifies a strategic defensive position, aiming to confront the enemy before they could penetrate deeper into Moabite territory. This mirrors other biblical accounts where nations prepared for battle at their borders, such as Israel's encounters with the Philistines. The readiness for battle can also be seen as a metaphor for spiritual preparedness, a theme echoed in the New Testament where believers are called to be vigilant and ready for spiritual warfare.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <b><a href="/topical/m/moabites.htm">Moabites</a></b><br>The people of Moab, descendants of Lot, who were often in conflict with Israel. In this context, they are preparing for battle against the coalition of Israel, Judah, and Edom.<br><br>2. <b><a href="/topical/k/kings.htm">Kings</a></b><br>Refers to the coalition of three kings: Jehoram of Israel, Jehoshaphat of Judah, and the king of Edom, who have united to fight against Moab.<br><br>3. <b><a href="/topical/b/border.htm">Border</a></b><br>The strategic location where the Moabites gathered to defend their territory against the approaching coalition forces.<br><br>4. <b><a href="/topical/j/jehoram.htm">Jehoram</a></b><br>The king of Israel, who initiated the campaign against Moab after the Moabite king rebelled against Israelite control.<br><br>5. <b><a href="/topical/j/jehoshaphat.htm">Jehoshaphat</a></b><br>The king of Judah, known for his faithfulness to God, who joined the alliance to support Israel against Moab.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><b><a href="/topical/p/preparedness_for_spiritual_battles.htm">Preparedness for Spiritual Battles</a></b><br>Just as the Moabites gathered to defend their land, Christians must be prepared to stand firm in spiritual battles, equipped with the armor of God (<a href="/ephesians/6-10.htm">Ephesians 6:10-18</a>).<br><br><b><a href="/topical/u/unity_in_purpose.htm">Unity in Purpose</a></b><br>The coalition of Israel, Judah, and Edom demonstrates the power of unity in achieving a common goal. Believers are called to work together in unity for the advancement of God's kingdom (<a href="/philippians/2-2.htm">Philippians 2:2</a>).<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_consequences_of_rebellion.htm">The Consequences of Rebellion</a></b><br>Moab's rebellion against Israelite control serves as a reminder of the consequences of rebelling against God's established order. Submission to God's authority brings peace and blessing (<a href="/romans/13.htm">Romans 13:1-2</a>).<br><br><b><a href="/topical/t/the_role_of_leadership.htm">The Role of Leadership</a></b><br>The involvement of Jehoshaphat, a godly leader, highlights the importance of righteous leadership in guiding people through challenges. Leaders are called to seek God's wisdom and guidance (<a href="/james/1-5.htm">James 1:5</a>).<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_2_kings_3.htm">Top 10 Lessons from 2 Kings 3</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/evidence_for_2_kings_3_battle.htm">Is there any archaeological evidence to support this battle's events and outcome (2 Kings 3)?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what_does_'strike_the_shepherd'_mean.htm">Did the Moabite king sacrifice his son?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/what_are_wmds.htm">What are Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)?</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/q/why_does_isaiah_15_depict_moab's_ruin.htm">Why does Isaiah 15 focus on Moab's seemingly complete devastation, while other passages describe Moab's later resilience?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/2_kings/3.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(21) <span class= "bld">And when</span> <span class= "bld">. . . heard . . . they gathered.</span>--<span class= "ital">Now all the Moabites had heard </span>. . . <span class= "ital">and had gathered themselves: literally, had been summoned, called together</span> (<a href="/judges/7-23.htm" title="And the men of Israel gathered themselves together out of Naphtali, and out of Asher, and out of all Manasseh, and pursued after the Midianites.">Judges 7:23</a>).<p><span class= "bld">All that were able to put on armour.</span>--<span class= "ital">From every one girding on a girdle, and upwards</span>--<span class= "ital">i.e.</span>, all of adult age, all who could bear arms. It was a levy <span class= "ital">en masse</span> of the male population for the defence of the country.<p><span class= "bld">Stood in.</span>--<span class= "ital">Had taken their stand on the frontier.</span><p><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/2_kings/3.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div><span class="cmt_sub_title">Verse 21.</span> - <span class="cmt_word">And when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight against them.</span> The Hebrew has no pluperfect tense; but the verbs have here a pluperfect force. Translate, When <span class="accented">all the Moabites had heard that the kings were come up to fight against them</span>, <span class="accented">they had gathered all that were able</span>, etc. The muster of the troops had long preceded the storm. <span class="cmt_word">They gathered all that were able to put on amour</span>; literally, <span class="accented">there had been gathered together all that girded themselves with girdles</span>; <span class="accented">i.e.</span> all the male population of full age. And upward - <span class="accented">i.e.</span>, and all above the age when the girdle was first assumed - and stood in the border; took up a position near the extreme border of their territory, on the northern bank of the Wady-el-Ahsy. <span class="p"><br /><br /></span><span class="versiontext"><a href="/commentaries/2_kings/3-21.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a></span><span class="p"><br /><br /><br /></span><a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div><span class="word">Now all</span><br /><span class="heb">וְכָל־</span> <span class="translit">(wə·ḵāl)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3605.htm">Strong's 3605: </a> </span><span class="str2">The whole, all, any, every</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the Moabites</span><br /><span class="heb">מוֹאָב֙</span> <span class="translit">(mō·w·’āḇ)</span><br /><span class="parse">Noun - proper - feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4124.htm">Strong's 4124: </a> </span><span class="str2">Moab -- a son of Lot,also his descendants and the territory where they settled</span><br /><br /><span class="word">had heard</span><br /><span class="heb">שָֽׁמְע֔וּ</span> <span class="translit">(šā·mə·‘ū)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_8085.htm">Strong's 8085: </a> </span><span class="str2">To hear intelligently</span><br /><br /><span class="word">that</span><br /><span class="heb">כִּֽי־</span> <span class="translit">(kî-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunction<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> </span><span class="str2">A relative conjunction</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the kings</span><br /><span class="heb">הַמְּלָכִ֖ים</span> <span class="translit">(ham·mə·lā·ḵîm)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> </span><span class="str2">A king</span><br /><br /><span class="word">had come up</span><br /><span class="heb">עָל֥וּ</span> <span class="translit">(‘ā·lū)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5927.htm">Strong's 5927: </a> </span><span class="str2">To ascend, in, actively</span><br /><br /><span class="word">to fight against them.</span><br /><span class="heb">לְהִלָּ֣חֶם</span> <span class="translit">(lə·hil·lā·ḥem)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-l | Verb - Nifal - Infinitive construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3898.htm">Strong's 3898: </a> </span><span class="str2">To feed on, to consume, to battle</span><br /><br /><span class="word">So all</span><br /><span class="heb">מִכֹּ֨ל</span> <span class="translit">(mik·kōl)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition-m | Noun - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_3605.htm">Strong's 3605: </a> </span><span class="str2">The whole, all, any, every</span><br /><br /><span class="word">who could bear arms,</span><br /><span class="heb">חֹגֵ֤ר</span> <span class="translit">(ḥō·ḡêr)</span><br /><span class="parse">Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular construct<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_2296.htm">Strong's 2296: </a> </span><span class="str2">To gird, gird on, gird oneself</span><br /><br /><span class="word">[young] and old,</span><br /><span class="heb">וָמַ֔עְלָה</span> <span class="translit">(wā·ma‘·lāh)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Adverb | third person feminine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_4605.htm">Strong's 4605: </a> </span><span class="str2">The upper part, with prefix upward, above, overhead, from the top</span><br /><br /><span class="word">were summoned</span><br /><span class="heb">וַיִּצָּעֲק֗וּ</span> <span class="translit">(way·yiṣ·ṣā·‘ă·qū)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Nifal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_6817.htm">Strong's 6817: </a> </span><span class="str2">To shriek, to proclaim</span><br /><br /><span class="word">and stationed</span><br /><span class="heb">וַיַּעַמְד֖וּ</span> <span class="translit">(way·ya·‘am·ḏū)</span><br /><span class="parse">Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5975.htm">Strong's 5975: </a> </span><span class="str2">To stand, in various relations</span><br /><br /><span class="word">at</span><br /><span class="heb">עַֽל־</span> <span class="translit">(‘al-)</span><br /><span class="parse">Preposition<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_5921.htm">Strong's 5921: </a> </span><span class="str2">Above, over, upon, against</span><br /><br /><span class="word">the border.</span><br /><span class="heb">הַגְּבֽוּל׃</span> <span class="translit">(hag·gə·ḇūl)</span><br /><span class="parse">Article | Noun - masculine singular<br /></span><span class="str"><a href="/hebrew/strongs_1366.htm">Strong's 1366: </a> </span><span class="str2">A cord, a boundary, the territory inclosed</span><br /><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/2_kings/3-21.htm">2 Kings 3:21 NIV</a><br /><a href="/nlt/2_kings/3-21.htm">2 Kings 3:21 NLT</a><br /><a href="/esv/2_kings/3-21.htm">2 Kings 3:21 ESV</a><br /><a href="/nasb/2_kings/3-21.htm">2 Kings 3:21 NASB</a><br /><a href="/kjv/2_kings/3-21.htm">2 Kings 3:21 KJV</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="//bibleapps.com/2_kings/3-21.htm">2 Kings 3:21 BibleApps.com</a><br /><a href="//bibliaparalela.com/2_kings/3-21.htm">2 Kings 3:21 Biblia Paralela</a><br /><a href="//holybible.com.cn/2_kings/3-21.htm">2 Kings 3:21 Chinese Bible</a><br /><a href="//saintebible.com/2_kings/3-21.htm">2 Kings 3:21 French Bible</a><br /><a href="/catholic/2_kings/3-21.htm">2 Kings 3:21 Catholic Bible</a><span class="p"><br /><br /></span><a href="/2_kings/3-21.htm">OT History: 2 Kings 3:21 Now when all the Moabites heard that (2Ki iiKi ii ki 2 kg 2kg) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/2_kings/3-20.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="2 Kings 3:20"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="2 Kings 3:20" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/2_kings/3-22.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="2 Kings 3:22"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="2 Kings 3:22" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>