CINXE.COM
Calenda - Unwriting with Photography : Collaborative and Visual Anthropology
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="fr" lang="fr"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-language" content="" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="favicon.ico" /> <title>Calenda - Unwriting with Photography : Collaborative and Visual Anthropology</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static-origin.openedition.org/openbarre_/styles/main.css?date=2018-11-06" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/screen.css" media="screen, print" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/print.css" media="print" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-ui-1.8.17.custom.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.form.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-fr.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-de.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-en.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-pt.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-es.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.sprintf.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/calenda.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/common.js"></script><!-- Social network --> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@calendaSHS" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://calenda.org/1205960" /> <meta property="og:title" content=" Unwriting with Photography : Collaborative and Visual Anthropology" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Le concept d’« unwriting » invite à repenser la transmission des savoirs en ethnologie en dehors du cadre traditionnel de l’écriture scientifique. Nous proposons d’explorer comment les approches di..." /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://calenda.org/images/favicon_150x150.png" /> <meta name="DC.rights" content="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"></head> <body> <div id="ob-breadcrumb" class="ob-breadcrumb-calenda"> <div class="container"> <a href="search">Accueil</a><a href=""><span> Unwriting with Photography : Collaborative and Visual Anthropology</span></a> </div> </div><!-- breadcrumb --> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="content"> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery-ui-1.8.17.custom.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.form.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-fr.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-de.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-en.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-pt.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.ui.datepicker-es.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.sprintf.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/calenda.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/common.js"></script> <h2 id="pageTitle" class="title_as_rss"><a href="search">Accueil</a><a href=""><span> Unwriting with Photography : Collaborative and Visual Anthropology</span></a></h2> <div class="colwrapper"> <div id="icon" class="column"> <h2><a href="search?primary=ftype&ftype=40">Appel 脿 contribution</a><span><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=213">Ethnologie, anthropologie</a></span></h2> <div id="tabledates"> <h2>Dates</h2> <div class="list_dates"> <div class="unique_date highlight"> <div class="day"><a href="search.html?primary=fdate&fyear=2024&fmonth=12&fday=17">17</a></div> <div class="month"><a href="search.html?primary=fdate&fyear=2024&fmonth=12">d茅c</a></div> <div class="year"><a href="search.html?primary=fdate&fyear=2024">2024</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="listcategories"> <h2>Cat茅gories</h2> <ul> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=214">Anthropologie sociale</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=215">Anthropologie culturelle</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=326">XXIe si猫cle</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=290">脡pist茅mologie</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="document" class="column"> <div id="main"> <div class="titles"> <h1 class="origt"><a href="1205960"> Unwriting with Photography : Collaborative and Visual Anthropology</a></h1> </div> <div class="mapuce2">* * *</div> <p id="pubdate"> Publi茅 le mardi 19 novembre 2024 </p> <div id="texte"> <div id="resume"> <p class="intitule">R茅sum茅</p> <div id="resume-1205960-fr" class="tabContent" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"> <p style="text-align: left;">Le concept d’« <em>unwriting </em>» invite à repenser la transmission des savoirs en ethnologie en dehors du cadre traditionnel de l’écriture scientifique. Nous proposons d’explorer comment les approches dialogiques (Bakhtine, 1970 ; Turri Hoelken, 2024), visuelles et artistiques peuvent constituer des manières alternatives de raconter des histoires, en travaillant de façon collaborative avec les interlocuteur·ices tout au long du processus de recherche.</p> </div> </div> <div id="annonce"> <p class="intitule">Annonce</p> <div class="tabMenu"><a href="#annonce-1205960-fr" hreflang="fr" class="active">Fran莽ais</a> <a href="#annonce-1205960-en" hreflang="en">English</a> </div> <div id="annonce-1205960-fr" class="tabContent" lang="fr" xml:lang="fr"> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Congrès de la Société Internationale d’Ethnologie et de Folklore (SIEF) </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Du 3 au 6 juin 2025, Aberdeen University, Écosse </p> <h1 dir="ltr">Argumentaire</h1> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><strong id="docs-internal-guid-8ac2d11c-7fff-7def-9212-7a1b77371d30"></strong>Le concept d’« unwriting » invite à repenser la transmission des savoirs en ethnologie en dehors du cadre traditionnel de l’écriture scientifique. Nous proposons d’explorer comment les approches dialogiques (Bakhtine, 1970 ; Turri Hoelken, 2024), visuelles et artistiques peuvent constituer des manières alternatives de raconter des histoires, en travaillant de façon collaborative avec les interlocuteur.ice.s tout au long du processus de recherche. Ce mode de narration favorise une liberté créative, le partage du sensible (Rancière, 2000) et met en avant une diversité de voix et de regards souvent marginalisés. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Il invite également à une compréhension non linéaire et inachevée de la réalité, en intégrant la polyphonie et en laissant place au vide, à l'invisible, à ce qui échappe aux mots.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Dans cette perspective, le chercheur devient un véritable « entremêleur » (Von Stebut, 2014). L’anthropologie visuelle dépasse le cadre de l'observation participante et devient une méthode dialogique, alliant éthique, esthétique et épistémologie. Cette démarche est en résonance avec la notion de savoirs situés (Haraway, 1988), car elle tient compte de la positionnalité et de la perspective des acteurs impliqués, ainsi que de leur relation au contexte et à l'environnement.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Bien que ce type d’anthropologie visuelle, plus libre que le texte scientifique, s’inscrive davantage dans le champ artistique que dans celui de la science, elle offre une liberté narrative propice à la création de récits non conventionnels où se mêlent fond et forme. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">C’est une invitation à réinventer les modes de restitution scientifique, à sortir des cadres rigides de l’édition scientifique et à explorer de nouvelles formes de scénographie alliant art et science.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Sont invités à participer les anthropologues visuels et chercheurs en sciences sociales adoptant une démarche créative et explorant les limites entre l’art et la recherche scientifique. Toutes les formes de l’anthropologie visuelle sont concernées : photographie et film documentaire, photovoice, anthropologie sensorielle… </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Les objectifs de cet appel : </p> <ul> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Partage d’expériences et exploration de nouvelles méthodes visuelles : comment les pratiques collaboratives enrichissent-elles l’anthropologie visuelle ?</li> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Réflexion éthique et épistémologique : nous souhaitons discuter des façons dont les pratiques collaboratives permettent de faire entendre différentes voix et de rendre tangible ce qui échappe aux modes de représentation traditionnels.</li> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">État des lieux des pratiques visuelles collaboratives en anthropologie : proposer une cartographie contemporaine de ces pratiques et identifier les approches émergentes en termes de méthodes, de restitution et de création.</li> </ul> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Axes de réflexion proposés : </p> <ul> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Discours alternatifs et partage du sensible : Comment ces approches permettent-elles de redresser les rapports de pouvoir, de questionner le colonialisme, la mondialisation, l’hétéronormativité et d’autres formes de domination ? Comment les pratiques visuelles peuvent-elles ouvrir des espaces de visibilité aux individus qui en sont habituellement privés ?</li> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">L’inclusion des interlocuteur.ice.s dans le processus de recherche : Que fait l’intégration des interlocuteur.ice.s à la recherche et à la création de nouveaux savoirs, tant au niveau esthétique que méthodologique ? Dans quelle mesure cette inclusion nous invite-t-elle à réévaluer nos compréhensions, sociales et politiques, de l'inclusion et de l'exclusion ?</li> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">L’apport réciproque entre pratique artistique et anthropologie visuelle : Que peuvent apporter les pratiques artistiques à l’anthropologie visuelle, et vice versa ? Comment ces pratiques peuvent-elles enrichir les processus de description et de transcription ethnographiques ? </li> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Inventer et expérimenter de nouvelles narrations : Comment les pratiques collaboratives d’écritures ethnographiques alternatives et visuelles peuvent-elles encourager des interventions diverses et offrir des interprétations plurielles ? En quoi ces pratiques permettent-elles de réinventer nos récits et d’élargir les formats de la narration scientifique et artistique ?</li> </ul> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Durant le workshop, les participant.e.s seront invité.e.s à créer une cartographie collaborative représentant les enjeux épistémologiques et heuristiques ainsi que les méthodes mis en place au sein de leurs projets. Ce travail permettra de mettre en commun nos savoir-faire et de réfléchir collectivement à la suite de cette rencontre. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Nous invitons les chercheur.e.s à soumettre leurs propositions sur ces thématiques, qu’il s’agisse d’analyses de projets collaboratifs, de réflexions théoriques ou de partages d’expériences concrètes. Les contributions peuvent prendre la forme de présentations orales, d’essais visuels ou de courts documentaires, et doivent encourager un dialogue ouvert et critique sur la transmission des savoirs en ethnologie aujourd'hui.</p> <h1 dir="ltr">Modalités de soumission </h1> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Les propositions peuvent être envoyées en français et en anglais, mais la communication devra obligatoirement se tenir en anglais. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Les communications par visioconférence sont autorisées. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Un temps de 25 minutes sera accordé par participant (communication et échanges) + un temps d’échange lors du workshop organisé en complément du panel. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Les propositions de communication (titre et résumé de 250 mots) devront être envoyées via la plateforme du <a href="https://www.siefhome.org">site de la SIEF </a> ou directement à l’adresse suivante <a href="https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/sief2025/p/16187">https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/sief2025/p/16187</a></p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">A noter qu’il vous sera demandé de créer un compte personnel (inscription gratuite) afin de pouvoir soumettre votre candidature à cet appel. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Calendrier : </p> <ul> <li dir="ltr"> <h3>Du 6 novembre au 17 décembre : soumission des propositions de communications</h3> </li> <li dir="ltr">À partir du 13 janvier 2025 : résultats de la sélection des communications</li> <li dir="ltr">À partir du 17 février 2025 : inscription en ligne sur le site de la SIEF.</li> </ul> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Des frais d’inscription (130€) et d'adhésion à la SIEF (40€) sont à prévoir.</p> <h1 dir="ltr">Organisatrices</h1> <ul> <li dir="ltr">Oriane Girard, PhD Candidate in Visual Anthropology at the Institute of Ethnology and Social Anthropology (IDEAS, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University) and the French School of Athens (Efa).</li> <li dir="ltr">Amandine Turri Hoelken, Photographer and Anthropologist. Associate researcher at LinCS - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire en études culturelles, CNRS, UMR 7069.</li> </ul> <p style="text-align: left;">Pour plus d'informations, nous contacter à : oriane.girard@univ-amu.fr et contact@amandineturrihoelken.fr</p> <h1 dir="ltr">Bibliographie</h1> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Azoulay Ariella, 2018. « Se déprendre de la position de photographe en tant qu’expert », in Meiselas Susan, Médiations, Bologne, Damiani, pp. 95-119. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Baetens Jan et Van Gelder Hilde, 2010 b. Critical Realism in Contemporary Art, Around Allan Sekula’s Photography, Louvain, Leuven University Press. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Bakhtine Mikhaïl, 1970 [1929]. La poétique de Dostoïevski, Paris, Édition du seuil. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Bouveresse Clara, 2014. « Le renouveau de l’approche documentaire, exemple d’une archive collaborative : Susan Meiselas, Kurdistan, (1991-2009) », Transatlantica, volume 21, n° 2. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Brunet François, 2017. La photographie. Histoire et contre-histoire, Paris, Presses universitaires de France.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Clifford James, 1996. Malaise dans la culture, Paris, École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Conord Sylvaine (dir.), 2007. “Arrêt sur images: photographie et anthropologie”, Ethnologie française, vol. 37, n.1</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">De L’estoile Benoît, 2005. “Au-delà des clichés : la vie sociale des photographies anthropologiques”, Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Humaines 1, n.12, pp. 193-204</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Edwards Elizabeth, 2018. “Un savoir incertain. La photographie et le document anthropologique au tournant du XXème siècle.”, Gradhiva, n° 27, dossier “Sur le vif. Photographie et anthropologie”, Paris : musée du quai Branly, pp. 30-57</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Edwards Elizabeth, 2015. “Anthropology and Photography: A long history of knowledge and affect”, Photographies 8, pp. 235-252Fagnart Claire, 2007. « Art et ethnographie », Marges, n° 6, pp. 8-16. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Ferret Sandrine, 2021. La photographie document en action. Expériences et histoires, Rennes, Presses Universitaires de Rennes. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Foster Hal, 1996. « L’artiste comme ethnographe ou la “fin de l’histoire” signifie-t-elle le retour de l’anthropologie ? », in Face à l’Histoire, Paris, Centre Georges Pompidou, pp. 498-505. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Freund Gisèle, 1974. Photographie et société, Paris, Seuil</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Gardinier Michael, 2007. « Le défi dialogique de Bakhtine aux sciences sociales », in Vauthier Bénédicte (éd.), Bakhtine, Volochinov et Medvedev dans les contextes européen et russe, Slavica Occitania, n° 25, pp. 67-87. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Geertz Clifford, 1998. « La description dense. Vers une théorie interprétative de la culture », Enquête, n° 6, pp. 73-105. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Haraway Donna, 1988. « Situated Knowledges : The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective », Feminist Studies, volume 14, n° 3, pp. 575-599. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Ingold Tim, 2017. Faire anthropologie, archéologie, art et architecture, Paris, Éditions Dehors. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Mauuarin Anaïs, 2022. À l'épreuve des images. Photographie et ethnologie en France (1930-1950), Presses universitaires de Strasbourg.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Piette Albert, 1992. « La photographie comme mode de connaissance anthropologique », Terrain, 18, 129-136 </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Rancière Jacques, 2000. Le partage du sensible, esthétique et politique, Paris, La fabrique.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Sekula Allan, [1974] 2013. “Sur l'invention du sens dans la photographie”, Écrits sur la photographie, 1974-1986, Paris : Beaux-arts de Paris, pp. 67-97</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Soichet Hortense et les femmes de la cité l'Espérance, 2016. Esperem ! Images d’un monde en soi, Saint-Étienne, Créaphis. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Solomon-Godeau Abigaïl, 2016. Chair à canons. Photographie, discours, féminisme, Paris, Éditions Textuel. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Turri Hoelken Amandine, 2024. « Sortir de l’autorité ethnographique : la photographie documentaire dialogique  », in Focales, DOI : <a href="https://doi.org/10.4000/11r58">https://doi.org/10.4000/11r58</a> </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Von Stebut Yvain, 2014. Inventer son métier à la banlieue de l’art, Paris, L’Harmattan.</p> </div> <div id="annonce-1205960-en" class="tabContent hidden" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">International Society for Ethnology and Folklore (SIEF) Congress </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">3 - 6 June 2025, Aberdeen University, Scotland</p> <h1 dir="ltr">Argument</h1> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"><strong id="docs-internal-guid-68422fa7-7fff-d530-8c1f-ff35dc34047c"></strong>The concept of 'unwriting' invites us to rethink the transmission of knowledge in anthropology beyond the traditional framework of scholarly writing. We propose to explore how dialogic (Bakhtin, 1970; Turri Hoelken, 2024), visual and artistic approaches can constitute alternative ways of telling stories and provide opportunities to collaborate with interlocutors throughout the research process. This mode of storytelling encourages creative freedom, the partage du sensible (Rancière, 2000), and opens up to a diversity of gazes and voices that are often marginalised. It also fosters a non-linear and unfinished understanding of reality which integrates polyphony and makes room for the void, the invisible, the inaudible and the unwritten. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">In this perspective, the researcher becomes an “entremêleur” (Von Stebut, 2014). Visual anthropology goes beyond the framework of participant observation and becomes a dialogical method that combines ethics, aesthetics and epistemology. This approach echoes the notion of situated knowledge (Haraway, 1988), as it takes into account the embodiment and positionality of the actors involved, as well as their relationship to contexts and environments.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Although this kind of visual anthropology is freer than scientific text and belongs more to the realm of art than science, this narrative freedom allows the creation of unconventional narratives that blend content and form. It is an invitation to reinvent modes of scientific reporting, to break out of the rigid frameworks of scientific publishing, and to explore new forms of scenography that combine art and science.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Visual anthropologists and social scientists who take a creative approach and explore the boundaries between art and scientific research are invited to participate. All forms of visual anthropology are welcome: photography and documentary film, photovoice, sensory anthropology... </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">The aims of this call are: </p> <ul> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Sharing experiences and exploring new visual methods: How do collaborative practices enrich visual anthropology?</li> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Ethical and epistemological reflections: We aim to discuss how collaborative practices allow different voices to be heard and make tangible what escapes traditional modes of representation.</li> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Providing a comprehensive overview of collaborative visual practices in anthropology: It proposes a contemporary mapping of these practices and seeks to identify emerging approaches in terms of methods, restitution and creation.</li> </ul> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Suggested topics for discussion:</p> <ul> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Alternative discourses and the partage du sensible: How can these approaches help to redress power relations and question colonialism, globalisation, heteronormativity and other forms of domination? How can visual practices create spaces of visibility to individuals who are usually excluded from them?</li> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">The inclusion of interlocutors in the research process: What does the inclusion of interlocutors mean for research and the creation of new knowledge, both aesthetically and methodologically? To what extent does this inclusion prompt a reassessment of our social and political understanding of inclusion and exclusion?</li> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">The mutual contributions of artistic practice and visual anthropology: What can artistic practice contribute to visual anthropology, and vice versa? How can these practices enrich the processes of ethnographic description and transcription? </li> <li dir="ltr" role="presentation">Inventing and experimenting with new narratives: How can collaborative practices of alternative and visual ethnographic writing encourage a plurality of interventions and interpretations? How can these practices help to reinvent our narratives and broaden the formats of scientific and artistic narrative?</li> </ul> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">During the workshop, participants will be invited to create a collaborative map representing the epistemological and heuristic issues as well as the methods implemented within their projects. This work will allow us to pool our expertise and reflect collectively on the next steps following this meeting.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">We invite researchers to submit their proposals on these themes, whether they involve analyses of collaborative projects, theoretical reflections or the sharing of concrete experiences. Contributions may take the form of oral presentations, visual essays or short documentaries, and should encourage an open and critical dialogue on the transmission of knowledge in ethnology today.</p> <h1 dir="ltr">How to submit</h1> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Proposals may be sent in French or English, but the presentation must be in English.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Video-conferencing is permitted.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Each participant will be allocated 25 minutes (paper and Q&A) + time for discussion during the workshop organised in addition to the panel.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Papers proposals (title and 250-word abstract) should be sent via the <a href="https://www.siefhome.org">SIEF website </a>or directly via the following address: <a href="https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/sief2025/p/16187">https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/sief2025/p/16187</a></p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Please note that you will be asked to create a personal account (free registration) in order to be able to submit your application to this call.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Timetable:</p> <ul> <li dir="ltr"> <h3>From 6 November to 17 December: submission of papers’ proposals</h3> </li> <li dir="ltr">From 13 January 2025: results of paper selection</li> <li dir="ltr">From 17 February 2025: online registration on the SIEF website.</li> </ul> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Registration fee (130€) and SIEF membership fee (40€) are to be expected.</p> <h1 dir="ltr">Organised by</h1> <ul> <li dir="ltr">Oriane Girard, PhD Candidate in Visual Anthropology at the Institute of Ethnology and Social Anthropology (IDEAS, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University) and the French School of Athens (Efa).</li> <li dir="ltr">Amandine Turri Hoelken, Photographer and Anthropologist. Associate researcher at LinCS - Laboratoire interdisciplinaire en études culturelles, CNRS, UMR 7069.</li> </ul> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">For further information, please contact us at: </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">oriane.girard@univ-amu.fr and contact@amandineturrihoelken.fr</p> <h1 dir="ltr">Indicative bibliography</h1> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Azoulay Ariella, 2018. « Se déprendre de la position de photographe en tant qu’expert », in Meiselas Susan, Médiations, Bologne, Damiani, pp. 95-119. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Baetens Jan et Van Gelder Hilde, 2010 b. Critical Realism in Contemporary Art, Around Allan Sekula’s Photography, Louvain, Leuven University Press. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Bakhtine Mikhaïl, 1970 [1929]. La poétique de Dostoïevski, Paris, Édition du seuil. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Bouveresse Clara, 2014. « Le renouveau de l’approche documentaire, exemple d’une archive collaborative : Susan Meiselas, Kurdistan, (1991-2009) », Transatlantica, volume 21, n° 2. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Brunet François, 2017. La photographie. Histoire et contre-histoire, Paris, Presses universitaires de France.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Clifford James, 1996. Malaise dans la culture, Paris, École Nationale Supérieure des Beaux-Arts. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Conord Sylvaine (dir.), 2007. “Arrêt sur images: photographie et anthropologie”, Ethnologie française, vol. 37, n.1</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">De L’estoile Benoît, 2005. “Au-delà des clichés : la vie sociale des photographies anthropologiques”, Revue d'Histoire des Sciences Humaines 1, n.12, pp. 193-204</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Edwards Elizabeth, 2018. “Un savoir incertain. La photographie et le document anthropologique au tournant du XXème siècle.”, Gradhiva, n° 27, dossier “Sur le vif. Photographie et anthropologie”, Paris : musée du quai Branly, pp. 30-57</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Edwards Elizabeth, 2015. “Anthropology and Photography: A long history of knowledge and affect”, Photographies 8, pp. 235-252Fagnart Claire, 2007. « Art et ethnographie », Marges, n° 6, pp. 8-16. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Ferret Sandrine, 2021. La photographie document en action. Expériences et histoires, Rennes, Presses Universitaires de Rennes. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Foster Hal, 1996. « L’artiste comme ethnographe ou la “fin de l’histoire” signifie-t-elle le retour de l’anthropologie ? », in Face à l’Histoire, Paris, Centre Georges Pompidou, pp. 498-505. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Freund Gisèle, 1974. Photographie et société, Paris, Seuil</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Gardinier Michael, 2007. « Le défi dialogique de Bakhtine aux sciences sociales », in Vauthier Bénédicte (éd.), Bakhtine, Volochinov et Medvedev dans les contextes européen et russe, Slavica Occitania, n° 25, pp. 67-87. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Geertz Clifford, 1998. « La description dense. Vers une théorie interprétative de la culture », Enquête, n° 6, pp. 73-105. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Haraway Donna, 1988. « Situated Knowledges : The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective », Feminist Studies, volume 14, n° 3, pp. 575-599. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Ingold Tim, 2017. Faire anthropologie, archéologie, art et architecture, Paris, Éditions Dehors. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Mauuarin Anaïs, 2022. À l'épreuve des images. Photographie et ethnologie en France (1930-1950), Presses universitaires de Strasbourg.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Piette Albert, 1992. « La photographie comme mode de connaissance anthropologique », Terrain, 18, 129-136 </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Rancière Jacques, 2000. Le partage du sensible, esthétique et politique, Paris, La fabrique.</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Sekula Allan, [1974] 2013. “Sur l'invention du sens dans la photographie”, Écrits sur la photographie, 1974-1986, Paris : Beaux-arts de Paris, pp. 67-97</p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Soichet Hortense et les femmes de la cité l'Espérance, 2016. Esperem ! Images d’un monde en soi, Saint-Étienne, Créaphis. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Solomon-Godeau Abigaïl, 2016. Chair à canons. Photographie, discours, féminisme, Paris, Éditions Textuel. </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Turri Hoelken Amandine, 2024. « Sortir de l’autorité ethnographique : la photographie documentaire dialogique  », in Focales, DOI : <a href="https://doi.org/10.4000/11r58">https://doi.org/10.4000/11r58</a> </p> <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;">Von Stebut Yvain, 2014. Inventer son métier à la banlieue de l’art, Paris, L’Harmattan.</p> </div> </div> <div id="categories" class="cat"> <p class="intitule">Cat茅gories</p> <ul> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=213">Ethnologie, anthropologie</a> (Cat茅gorie principale)</li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=200">Soci茅t茅s</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=213">Ethnologie, anthropologie</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=214">Anthropologie sociale</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=200">Soci茅t茅s</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=213">Ethnologie, anthropologie</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=215">Anthropologie culturelle</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=302">P茅riodes</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=317">脡poque contemporaine</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=326">XXIe si猫cle</a></li> <li><a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=259">Esprit et Langage</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=286">脡pist茅mologie et m茅thodes</a> > <a href="search?primary=fsubject&fsubject=290">脡pist茅mologie</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="lieux"> <p class="intitule">Lieux</p> <ul> <li class="location"> Aberdeen, Grande-Bretagne </li> </ul> </div> <div id="eventformats"> <h2 class="intitule">Format de l'茅v茅nement</h2> <p>脡v茅nement hybride sur site et en ligne</p><br></div> <div id="dates"> <p class="intitule">Dates</p> <ul> <li>mardi 17 d茅cembre 2024</li> </ul> </div> <div id="motscles"> <p class="intitule">Mots-cl茅s</p> <ul> <li>anthropologie visuelle, dialogie, narration, collaboration, 茅pist茅mologie, exp茅rimentation</li> </ul> </div> <div id="contacts"> <p class="intitule">Contacts</p> <ul> <li>Amandine Turri Hoelken<br/><em>courriel :</em> contact [at] amandineturrihoelken [dot] fr<br/></li> <li>Oriane Girard<br/><em>courriel :</em> oriane [dot] girard [at] univ-amu [dot] fr<br/></li> </ul> </div> <div id="refurl"> <p class="intitule">URLS de r茅f茅rence</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.siefhome.org/congresses/sief2025/index.shtml">SIEF - Soci茅t茅 Internationale d鈥橢thnologie et de Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="https://nomadit.co.uk/conference/sief2025/p/16187">Soumission de la proposition - SIEF</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="source"> <p class="intitule">Source de l'information</p> <ul> <li>Amandine Turri Hoelken<br/><em>courriel :</em> contact [at] amandineturrihoelken [dot] fr</li> </ul> </div> <div id="license"> <p class="intitule">Licence</p> <p><a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"><img alt="CC0-1.0" class="cc" src="images/cc0-88x31.png" /></a> Cette annonce est mise 脿 disposition selon les termes de la <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universel</a>.</p> </div> <div id="citation"> <p class="intitule">Pour citer cette annonce</p> <p>芦 Unwriting with Photography : Collaborative and Visual Anthropology 禄, <span class="category">Appel 脿 contribution</span>, <em>Calenda</em>, Publi茅 le mardi 19 novembre 2024, <a class="url" href="https://doi.org/10.58079/12ple">https://doi.org/10.58079/12ple</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="news" class="column last"> <div id="imprimable"> <a id="impression" onclick="javascript:window.open('1205960?formatage=print', '', 'menubar=yes,toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,width=800,height=600');return false;" href="1205960?formatage=print">Imprimer</a> <a id="signaler" href="mailto:?subject=%20Unwriting%20with%20Photography%20%3A%20Collaborative%20and%20Visual%20Anthropology&body=%20Unwriting%20with%20Photography%20%3A%20Collaborative%20and%20Visual%20Anthropology%20%0AAppel%20%C3%A0%20contribution%20%0A%0ADates%20%0Amardi%2017%20d%C3%A9cembre%202024%20%0A%20%0ALieux%20%0AAberdeen%2C%20Grande-Bretagne%20%0A%20%0Ahttps%3A%2F%2Fcalenda.org%2F1205960%20%0A%0ALe%20concept%20d%E2%80%99%C2%AB%20unwriting%20%C2%BB%20invite%20%C3%A0%20repenser%20la%20transmission%20des%20savoirs%20en%20ethnologie%20en%20dehors%20du%20cadre%20traditionnel%20de%20l%E2%80%99%C3%A9criture%20scientifique.%20Nous%20proposons%20d%E2%80%99explorer%20comment%20les%20approches%20dialogiques%20%28Bakhtine%2C%201970%20%3B%20Turri%20Hoelken%2C%202024%29%2C%20visuelles%20et%20artistiques%20peuvent%20constituer%20des%20mani%C3%A8res%20alternatives%20de%20raconter%20des%20histoires%2C%20en%20travaillant%20de%20fa%C3%A7on%20collaborative%20avec%20les%20interlocuteur%C2%B7ices%20tout%20au%20long%20du%20processus%20de%20recherche.%20%0A%0A%C2%AB%20%20Unwriting%20with%20Photography%20%3A%20Collaborative%20and%20Visual%20Anthropology%20%C2%BB%2C%20Appel%20%C3%A0%20contribution%2C%20Calenda%2C%20Publi%C3%A9%20le%20mardi%2019%20novembre%202024%2C%20https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.58079%2F12ple%20%0A%0A" >Signaler ce document</a> </div> <h2>Archiver cette annonce</h2> <ul id="archiveit"> <li><a href="http://www.google.com/calendar/event?action=TEMPLATE&text=+Unwriting+with+Photography+%3A+Collaborative+and+Visual+Anthropology&dates=20241217/20241218&details=Le+concept+d%E2%80%99%C2%AB+unwriting+%C2%BB+invite+%C3%A0+repenser+la+transmission+des+savoirs+en+ethnologie+en+dehors+du+cadre+traditionnel+de+l%E2%80%99%C3%A9criture+scientifique.+Nous+proposons+d%E2%80%99explorer+comment+les+approches+dialogiques+%28Bakhtine%2C+1970+%3B+Turri+Hoelken%2C+2024%29%2C+visuelles+et+artistiques+peuvent+constituer+des+mani%C3%A8res+alternatives+de+raconter+des+histoires%2C+en+travaillant+de+fa%C3%A7on+collaborative+avec+les+interlocuteur%C2%B7ices+tout+au+long+du+processus+de+recherche.+&location=Aberdeen&trp=false&sprop=http%3A%2F%2Fcalenda.org%2F1205960&sprop=name:Calenda" target="_blank"><img src="images/icn_google_2.png" alt="Google Agenda" title="Google Agenda" /></a></li> <li><a href="http://calenda.org/1205960?format=ical"><img src="images/icn_ical.png" alt="iCal" title="iCal" /></a></li> <li class="plop"></li> </ul> <script id="mlt-client" type="text/javascript" src="js/mlt.js" event_id="1205960"></script> </div> </div> </div><!-- content --> <div id="footer"> <div id="footerLogo"><a href="https://www.openedition.org">OpenEdition</a></div> <div id="footerNav"> <p class="first"><a href="map">Plan du site</a><span> | </span><a href="about">Qui sommes-nous ?</a><span> | </span><a href="info">Proposer une annonce d鈥櫭﹙茅nement</a><span> | </span><a href="credits">Cr茅dits</a><span> | </span><a href="https://calenda.org/1092614">Mentions l茅gales</a></p> <p class="first"><a href="https://www.calenda.org/432331">Foire aux questions</a><span> | </span><a href="feeds">Flux de Calenda</a><span> | </span><a href="https://www.openedition.org/41045">Abonnez-vous 脿 la lettre d鈥橭penEdition</a><span> | </span><a href="https://calendablog.hypotheses.org">Le blog de Calenda</a><span> | </span><a href="https://analytics.openedition.org/index.php?module=CoreHome&action=index&idSite=1795&period=month&date=today#?period=month&date=today&category=Dashboard_Dashboard&subcategory=1&idSite=1795">Statistiques de fr茅quentation</a></p> <p class="last"><a href="https://www.openedition.org/41101">Signaler un probl猫me</a> <span> | </span> <a href="https://www.openedition.org/19362">Politique de confidentialit茅</a> <span> | </span> <a href="https://www.openedition.org/37235">Gestion des cookies</a> <span> | </span> <a href="https://calenda.org/1044719">CGU internautes</a> <span> | </span> <a href="https://calenda.org/812671">Accessibilit茅 : non conforme</a></p> <p class="first">ISSN 2107-5646</p> </div> </div><!-- footer --></div><!-- wrapper --> <!-- Piwik --> <script type="text/javascript"> var _paq = _paq || []; // tracker methods like "setCustomDimension" should be called before "trackPageView" _paq.push(['setCustomVariable', 1, 'Domain', document.domain, 'visit']); _paq.push(['setCustomVariable', 2, 'Site', 'Calenda', 'visit']); _paq.push(['enableCrossDomainLinking']); _paq.push(['trackPageView']); _paq.push(['enableLinkTracking']); (function() { var u="https://analytics.openedition.org/"; _paq.push(['setTrackerUrl', u+'matomo.php']); _paq.push(['setSiteId', '1795']); var secondaryTrackerUrl = 'https://pk.labocleo.org/matomo.php'; var secondaryWebsiteId = '6'; _paq.push(['addTracker', secondaryTrackerUrl, secondaryWebsiteId]); var d=document, g=d.createElement('script'), s=d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; g.type='text/javascript'; g.async=true; g.defer=true; g.src=u+'matomo.js'; s.parentNode.insertBefore(g,s); })(); </script> <!-- End Piwik Code --> <script type="text/javascript">(function( $ ) { 'use strict'; $(function() { $('body').prepend($('#ob-breadcrumb')); $('body').prepend($('#ob-search')); $('body').prepend($('#ob-header')); }); })(jQuery);</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://static-origin.openedition.org/openbarre_/scripts/main.js?date=2020-09-01"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://static-origin.openedition.org/js/jquery.jsonp-latest.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- jQuery(document).ready(function($) { if ($('#lodel-container').length == 1) { $('#ob-header, #ob-search, #ob-breadcrumb').remove(); } $('.ob-authdata').hide(); authurl= $.jsonp({ url: ('https://auth.openedition.org/authenticate'), callbackParameter: 'callback', success: function(data) { $('.ob-authdata').show(); $('.ob-authdata').html('<div><img src="'+data.favicon+'"> <a href="'+data.url+'">'+data.name+'</a></div>'); }, error: function(data){ } }); $('#plateformes li').live('touchend', function(e) {}); }); function updateUrlParameter(uri, key, value) { // remove the hash part before operating on the uri var i = uri.indexOf('#'); var hash = i === -1 ? '' : uri.substr(i); uri = i === -1 ? uri : uri.substr(0, i); var re = new RegExp("([?&])" + key + "=.*?(&|$)", "i"); var separator = uri.indexOf('?') !== -1 ? "&" : "?"; if (!value) { // remove key-value pair if value is empty uri = uri.replace(new RegExp("([&]?)" + key + "=.*?(&|$)", "i"), ''); if (uri.slice(-1) === '?') { uri = uri.slice(0, -1); } } else if (uri.match(re)) { uri = uri.replace(re, '$1' + key + "=" + value + '$2'); } else { uri = uri + separator + key + "=" + value; } return uri + hash; } function updateCurrentUrl(key,value) { window.location.assign(updateUrlParameter(window.location.href, key, value)); } --></script> <div id="ob-bar-opacity"></div> <div id="ob-search-modal-content" class="ob-modal"> <div class="ob-modal-content"> <div class="ob-modal-content-header"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-search-openedition" aria-hidden="true"></i> <button type="button" title="Fermer" id="ob-search-modal-close"><i class="ob-icons ob-icons-modal-close" aria-hidden="true"></i></button> </div> <form action="https://search.openedition.org/results" method="get"> <fieldset> <legend>Rechercher dans OpenEdition Search</legend> <p>Vous allez être redirigé vers OpenEdition Search</p> <input class="ob-search-field" name="q" type="search" title="Expression ou mot-clé" placeholder="Expression ou mot-clé"> <div class="ob-form-group"> <input type="radio" id="choice-1" name="pf" value="" /> <label for="choice-1">Dans tout OpenEdition</label> </div> <div class="ob-form-group"> <input type="radio" id="choice-2" name="pf" value="CO" checked="checked" /> <label for="choice-2">Dans Calenda</label> </div> <button type="submit">Rechercher</button> </fieldset> </form> </div> </div> <div id="ob-header" class="ob-header-calenda" role="banner"> <div class="ob-header-view"> <div class="ob-header-container"> <div class="ob-header-top"> <div class="ob-header-top-right"> <div class="ob-authdata ob-header-top-right-foundation"></div> <div class="ob-header-top-right-langues" role="navigation" aria-label="languageNavigation"> <div id="languagesNavigation"> <ul class="nav"> <li class="link"> <a id="ob-switchLanguage" class="main" href="#" aria-controls="ob-language" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" tabindex="0"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-langues"></i> <span>Fran莽ais</span> </a> <ul id="ob-language" class="sub" aria-hidden="true" role="menu"> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1205960?lang=pt">Portugu锚s</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1205960?lang=en">English</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1205960?lang=de">Deutsch</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1205960?lang=es">Espa帽ol</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ob-header-top-right-share"> <div id="socialNetworksNavigation"> <ul class="nav" aria-hidden="true"> <li class="link"> <a id="ob-socialShare" class="main" href="#" aria-controls="ob-share" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true" tabindex="0"> <span>Partager</span> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-partager"></i> </a> <ul id="ob-share" class="sub" aria-hidden="true" role="menu"> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fcalenda.org%2F%2F1205960&title=Unwriting+with+Photography+%3A+Collaborative+and+Visual+Anthropology"><i class="ob-icons ob-icons-fb-partage" title="Facebook"></i>Facebook</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="http://twitter.com/share?text=Unwriting+with+Photography+%3A+Collaborative+and+Visual+Anthropology&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalenda.org%2F%2F1205960&via=OpenEditionActu"><i class="ob-icons ob-icons-tweet-partage" title="Twitter"></i>Twitter</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://plus.google.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcalenda.org%2F%2F1205960&title=Unwriting+with+Photography+%3A+Collaborative+and+Visual+Anthropology"><i class="ob-icons ob-icons-google-partage" title="Google+"></i>Google+</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ob-header-bottom"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-bar"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-row"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-logo"> <a href="/" title="Home" tabindex="1"><svg class="ob-icons ob-icons-logo calenda">"> <use xlink:href="#icon-logo_calenda"></use> </svg></a> <h1 class="ob-header-bottom-logo-text"> Calendrier des sciences humaines et sociales </h1> </div> <div class="ob-header-bottom-nav-container"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-nav-mobile"> <button type="button" id="ob-sidenav-button"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-hamb"></i> </button> </div> <div class="ob-header-bottom-nav nosearch"> <nav id="ob-mobile-sidenav" class="ob-header-main-nav"> <ul aria-hidden="true" role="menu" class="ob-mobile-sidenav"> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"> <a href="https://calenda.org/">Accueil</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-2"> <a href="https://calenda.org/search">Chercher dans les événements</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-3"> <a href="https://calenda.org/info">Suggérer un événement</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <a href="javascript:;" class="ob-search2-modal-open"> <span class="openedition-word-1">OpenEdition</span> <span class="openedition-word-2">Search</span> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-search"></i> </a> </div> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content"> <button id="ob-grid-nav-content-open"> <span class="ob-all-openedition">Tout OpenEdition</span> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-tout-OE"></i> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav id="ob-grid-nav-content" class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown"> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav"> <div class="ob-authdata ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-titles ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-foundation"></div> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-titles ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-locales"> <button class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-locales-button"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-langues"></i> Fran莽ais </button> <ul> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1205960?lang=pt">Portugu锚s</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1205960?lang=en">English</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1205960?lang=de">Deutsch</a></li> <li role="menuitem" tabindex="-1"><a href="/1205960?lang=es">Espa帽ol</a></li> </ul> </div> <span class="ob-gray-separator">Portail de ressources électroniques en sciences humaines et sociales</span> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-titles"> <a href="https://www.openedition.org" class="openedition-text">OpenEdition</a> </div> <span class="ob-gray-separator">Nos plateformes</span> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-titles"> <a href="https://books.openedition.org" class="books-text">OpenEdition Books</a> <a href="https://journals.openedition.org" class="journals-text">OpenEdition Journals</a> <a href="https://hypotheses.org" class="hypotheses-text">Hypotheses</a> <a href="https://calenda.org" class="calenda-text">Calenda</a> </div><span class="ob-gray-separator">Bibliothèques et institutions</span><div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-links"> <a href="https://www.openedition.org/14043">OpenEdition Freemium</a> </div> <span class="ob-gray-separator">Nos services</span> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-links"> <a href="https://search.openedition.org">OpenEdition Search</a> <a href="https://newsletter.openedition.org">La lettre d'OpenEdition</a> </div> <span class="ob-gray-separator">Suivez-nous</span> <div class="ob-header-bottom-tout-OE-content-dropdown-nav-social"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/openedition" class="facebook" title="Facebook"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/OpenEditionActu" class="twitter" title="Twitter"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a><a href="https://www.openedition.org/backend" class="rss" title="Rss"> <i class="ob-icons ob-icons-rss" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <svg aria-hidden="true" style="position: absolute; width: 0; height: 0; overflow: hidden;" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <defs> <symbol id="icon-logo_books" viewBox="0 0 125 32"> <title>OpenEdition Books</title> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M39.658 1.37c3.455 0 5.416 2.335 5.416 5.665s-1.899 5.728-5.416 5.728c-3.549 0-5.416-2.366-5.416-5.728 0.031-3.362 1.93-5.665 5.416-5.665zM39.658 11.051c2.272 0 3.082-1.992 3.082-3.984 0-1.93-0.903-3.922-3.082-3.922-2.21 0-3.082 1.992-3.082 3.922 0 1.961 0.84 3.984 3.082 3.984z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M46.91 4.451h2.023v1.152h0.031c0.467-0.778 1.276-1.339 2.521-1.339 2.49 0 3.424 1.992 3.424 4.233s-0.903 4.296-3.455 4.296c-0.903 0-1.65-0.218-2.397-1.121h-0.031v4.265h-2.117v-11.486zM49.027 8.498c0 1.152 0.467 2.646 1.868 2.646s1.774-1.525 1.774-2.646c0-1.090-0.374-2.584-1.743-2.584s-1.899 1.463-1.899 2.584z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M63.066 12.14c-0.778 0.436-1.65 0.654-2.802 0.654-2.677 0-4.265-1.556-4.265-4.233 0-2.366 1.245-4.296 3.767-4.296 3.019 0 3.86 2.054 3.86 4.918h-5.634c0.093 1.307 0.996 2.054 2.335 2.054 1.027 0 1.899-0.374 2.708-0.809v1.712zM61.665 7.72c-0.062-1.027-0.529-1.899-1.712-1.899s-1.774 0.809-1.868 1.899h3.58z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M65.339 4.451h1.992v1.121h0.031c0.654-0.934 1.556-1.307 2.677-1.307 1.93 0 2.77 1.37 2.77 3.206v5.136h-2.117v-4.358c0-0.996-0.031-2.335-1.37-2.335-1.525 0-1.868 1.65-1.868 2.708v3.984h-2.117v-8.156z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M75.175 1.556h6.506v1.743h-4.296v2.708h3.922v1.743h-3.922v3.113h4.327v1.743h-6.537z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M89.183 11.673h-0.031c-0.623 0.778-1.494 1.121-2.49 1.121-2.49 0-3.424-2.054-3.424-4.296s0.903-4.233 3.424-4.233c1.058 0 1.805 0.374 2.428 1.152h0.031v-4.669h2.117v11.86h-2.054v-0.934zM87.222 11.144c1.401 0 1.868-1.494 1.868-2.646s-0.529-2.584-1.899-2.584c-1.37 0-1.743 1.494-1.743 2.584 0 1.121 0.405 2.646 1.774 2.646z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M93.447 0.965h2.117v2.023h-2.117v-2.023zM93.447 4.451h2.117v8.125h-2.117v-8.124z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M98.49 6.008h-1.556v-1.556h1.556v-1.619l2.117-0.685v2.304h1.868v1.556h-1.868v3.798c0 0.685 0.187 1.339 0.996 1.339 0.374 0 0.747-0.093 0.965-0.218l0.062 1.681c-0.436 0.124-0.934 0.187-1.556 0.187-1.65 0-2.584-1.027-2.584-2.646v-4.14z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M104 0.965h2.117v2.023h-2.117v-2.023zM104 4.451h2.117v8.125h-2.117v-8.124z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M112.062 4.265c2.428 0 4.265 1.619 4.265 4.327 0 2.335-1.556 4.202-4.265 4.202-2.677 0-4.233-1.868-4.233-4.202-0.031-2.708 1.837-4.327 4.233-4.327zM112.062 11.144c1.619 0 2.054-1.463 2.054-2.802 0-1.245-0.654-2.428-2.054-2.428-1.37 0-2.023 1.214-2.023 2.428 0 1.339 0.405 2.802 2.023 2.802z"></path> <path fill="#93117e" style="fill: var(--color15, #93117e)" d="M117.977 4.451h1.992v1.121h0.031c0.654-0.934 1.556-1.307 2.677-1.307 1.93 0 2.77 1.37 2.77 3.206v5.136h-2.117v-4.358c0-0.996-0.031-2.335-1.37-2.335-1.525 0-1.868 1.65-1.868 2.708v3.984h-2.117v-8.156z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M16.093 32c5.323 0.156 10.459-2.926 12.7-8.124 0 0 0-0.031 0-0.031-7.035-0.374-12.607 6.973-12.7 8.156z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M0 20.389c5.323 0.062 10.335 3.331 12.358 8.623 0 0 0 0.031 0 0.031-7.035 0.093-12.14-6.039-12.358-8.654z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M14.163 17.307c-3.673-1.494-5.323-4.825-4.14-7.751 1.027-2.521 3.735-3.642 5.977-2.739 2.584 1.027 3.642 3.86 2.708 6.226-0.467 1.152-1.432 2.086-2.397 2.833 3.673 1.339 7.782 0.124 9.121-1.868 1.65-2.49-0.374-7.315-0.374-7.315-1.121-2.49-3.144-4.607-6.163-5.821-6.101-2.459-12.981 0.467-15.409 6.537-2.428 6.039 0.498 12.918 6.537 15.377 0.903 0.374 1.805 0.591 2.739 0.747l0.809 8.498h1.494l0.809-8.467c4.14-0.529 7.876-3.206 9.525-7.346 0 0 0 0 0-0.031-2.802 1.743-6.973 2.833-11.237 1.121z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M36.669 18.708c0-1.090-0.062-1.401-0.716-1.432l-0.467-0.031c-0.124-0.093-0.093-0.311 0-0.374 0.809-0.062 1.805-0.125 3.206-0.125 0.934 0 1.837 0.062 2.49 0.405 0.654 0.311 1.121 0.903 1.121 1.868 0 1.058-0.623 1.619-1.525 2.054 0 0.156 0.124 0.187 0.28 0.218 0.809 0.156 1.992 0.903 1.992 2.49 0 1.743-1.276 2.895-3.953 2.895-0.436 0-1.152-0.031-1.805-0.031s-1.152 0.031-1.712 0.031c-0.093-0.031-0.124-0.28-0.031-0.374l0.28-0.031c0.778-0.125 0.809-0.311 0.809-1.868v-5.697zM37.883 20.7c0 0.405 0 0.436 0.778 0.405 1.525-0.062 2.335-0.498 2.335-1.899 0-1.463-1.090-2.023-2.21-2.023-0.342 0-0.56 0.031-0.685 0.093-0.156 0.031-0.218 0.125-0.218 0.374v3.051zM37.883 24.156c0 0.529 0.031 1.307 0.311 1.619 0.28 0.342 0.716 0.405 1.183 0.405 1.339 0 2.335-0.591 2.335-2.086 0-1.183-0.591-2.553-2.957-2.553-0.809 0-0.872 0.093-0.872 0.374v2.241z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M50.521 23.626c0 1.868-1.276 3.206-3.144 3.206-1.712 0-3.051-1.214-3.051-3.082s1.432-3.237 3.175-3.237c1.65 0.031 3.019 1.276 3.019 3.113zM47.315 20.981c-0.996 0-1.712 0.934-1.712 2.584 0 1.37 0.623 2.833 1.93 2.833s1.712-1.37 1.712-2.521c-0.031-1.276-0.529-2.895-1.93-2.895z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M57.743 23.626c0 1.868-1.276 3.206-3.144 3.206-1.712 0-3.051-1.214-3.051-3.082s1.432-3.237 3.175-3.237c1.681 0.031 3.019 1.276 3.019 3.113zM54.537 20.981c-0.996 0-1.712 0.934-1.712 2.584 0 1.37 0.623 2.833 1.93 2.833s1.712-1.37 1.712-2.521c0-1.276-0.498-2.895-1.93-2.895z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M59.58 18.21c0-0.872 0-0.965-0.467-1.245l-0.156-0.093c-0.062-0.031-0.062-0.249 0-0.311 0.374-0.125 1.090-0.342 1.619-0.623 0.062 0 0.124 0.031 0.156 0.093 0 0.436-0.031 1.183-0.031 1.837v5.105c0 0.187 0 0.218 0.28 0.218 0.342 0 0.623-0.156 1.027-0.591l0.623-0.654c0.405-0.436 0.529-0.623 0.529-0.685s-0.062-0.125-0.342-0.156l-0.374-0.031c-0.124-0.031-0.124-0.342 0-0.374h0.342c0.654 0 1.525-0.031 2.366-0.125 0.093 0.031 0.124 0.311 0.031 0.374l-0.467 0.093c-0.311 0.062-0.56 0.218-0.934 0.529-0.591 0.467-1.090 0.996-1.37 1.245-0.187 0.156-0.187 0.249-0.093 0.342 0.249 0.342 0.498 0.623 0.996 1.183 0.591 0.654 1.089 1.245 1.401 1.525 0.218 0.187 0.498 0.28 0.778 0.342l0.218 0.031c0.093 0.062 0.093 0.342-0.031 0.374-0.436-0.031-0.934-0.031-1.432-0.031-0.591 0-1.121 0-1.556 0.031-0.124-0.062-0.124-0.311-0.031-0.374l0.28-0.031c0.218-0.031 0.374-0.062 0.374-0.156s-0.062-0.187-0.249-0.405l-1.588-1.837c-0.124-0.156-0.311-0.218-0.467-0.218-0.28 0-0.28 0.031-0.28 0.498v0.809c0 1.090 0.031 1.214 0.56 1.307l0.342 0.031c0.093 0.062 0.062 0.342-0.031 0.374-0.498-0.031-0.934-0.031-1.432-0.031-0.529 0-0.996 0-1.432 0.031-0.093-0.031-0.124-0.311 0-0.374l0.342-0.031c0.56-0.062 0.56-0.218 0.56-1.307v-6.693z"></path> <path fill="#b73288" style="fill: var(--color10, #b73288)" d="M69.541 20.794c0.124 0.342 0.249 0.809 0.249 1.214-0.062 0.093-0.28 0.125-0.374 0.031-0.249-0.654-0.716-1.090-1.307-1.090s-0.965 0.374-0.965 0.903c0 0.623 0.623 0.934 1.152 1.245 0.778 0.436 1.525 0.965 1.525 2.023 0 1.121-1.058 1.712-2.148 1.712-0.716 0-1.214-0.156-1.588-0.436-0.124-0.28-0.218-1.027-0.187-1.494 0.062-0.093 0.28-0.093 0.342 0 0.249 0.809 0.716 1.525 1.588 1.525 0.529 0 0.996-0.311 0.996-0.965 0-0.685-0.591-1.058-1.152-1.37-0.872-0.498-1.463-1.027-1.463-1.837 0-1.090 0.903-1.712 2.023-1.712 0.623 0 1.183 0.156 1.307 0.249z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_calenda" viewBox="0 0 100 32"> <title>Calenda</title> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M42.903 19.856c-0.886 0.177-1.95 0.355-2.837 0.355-4.078 0-6.914-2.039-6.914-6.294 0-4.343 2.659-6.737 6.914-6.737 0.798 0 1.95 0.177 2.837 0.532l-0.177 2.127c-0.975-0.532-1.773-0.709-2.748-0.709-2.571 0-4.166 1.95-4.166 4.521s1.596 4.521 4.255 4.521c0.975 0 2.127-0.177 2.748-0.532l0.089 2.216z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M44.942 11.258c0.975-0.443 2.216-0.709 3.191-0.709 2.837 0 3.989 1.152 3.989 3.9v1.152c0 0.975 0 1.596 0 2.305s0.089 1.33 0.089 2.039h-2.127c-0.089-0.443-0.089-1.064-0.089-1.418v0c-0.532 1.064-1.773 1.596-2.837 1.596-1.596 0-3.28-0.975-3.28-2.748 0-1.418 0.709-2.216 1.596-2.659s2.127-0.532 3.102-0.532h1.33c0-1.507-0.709-2.039-2.127-2.039-1.064 0-2.039 0.355-2.837 0.975v-1.861zM47.778 18.526c0.709 0 1.33-0.355 1.684-0.798 0.355-0.532 0.532-1.152 0.532-1.95h-1.064c-1.064 0-2.659 0.177-2.659 1.596 0 0.798 0.709 1.152 1.507 1.152z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M54.604 6.56h2.393v13.474h-2.393v-13.474z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M67.014 19.501c-0.886 0.443-1.862 0.709-3.191 0.709-3.102 0-4.875-1.773-4.875-4.787 0-2.659 1.418-4.875 4.343-4.875 3.457 0 4.432 2.393 4.432 5.584h-6.382c0.089 1.507 1.152 2.305 2.659 2.305 1.152 0 2.216-0.443 3.103-0.975v2.039zM65.418 14.537c-0.089-1.152-0.621-2.216-1.95-2.216s-2.039 0.975-2.127 2.216h4.078z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M69.585 10.814h2.305v1.241c0.798-1.064 1.773-1.507 3.014-1.507 2.216 0 3.191 1.507 3.191 3.634v5.85h-2.393v-4.964c0-1.152 0-2.659-1.596-2.659-1.773 0-2.127 1.861-2.127 3.103v4.521h-2.393v-9.219z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M86.781 18.97v0c-0.798 0.886-1.773 1.241-2.837 1.241-2.837 0-3.9-2.305-3.9-4.875s1.064-4.787 3.9-4.787c1.241 0 2.039 0.443 2.748 1.33v0-5.319h2.393v13.474h-2.305v-1.064zM84.565 18.349c1.596 0 2.127-1.684 2.127-3.014s-0.621-2.925-2.127-2.925c-1.596 0-2.039 1.684-2.039 2.925 0 1.33 0.443 3.014 2.039 3.014z"></path> <path fill="#fff" style="fill: var(--color1, #fff)" d="M92.011 11.258c0.975-0.443 2.216-0.709 3.191-0.709 2.837 0 3.989 1.152 3.989 3.9v1.152c0 0.975 0 1.596 0 2.305s0.089 1.33 0.089 2.039h-2.127c-0.089-0.443-0.089-1.064-0.089-1.418v0c-0.532 1.064-1.773 1.596-2.837 1.596-1.596 0-3.28-0.975-3.28-2.748 0-1.418 0.709-2.216 1.596-2.659s2.127-0.532 3.103-0.532h1.33c0-1.507-0.709-2.039-2.127-2.039-1.064 0-2.039 0.355-2.837 0.975v-1.861zM94.848 18.526c0.709 0 1.33-0.355 1.684-0.798 0.355-0.532 0.532-1.152 0.532-1.95h-1.064c-1.064 0-2.659 0.177-2.659 1.596-0.089 0.798 0.621 1.152 1.507 1.152z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M42.903 19.856c-0.886 0.177-1.95 0.355-2.837 0.355-4.078 0-6.914-2.039-6.914-6.294 0-4.343 2.659-6.737 6.914-6.737 0.798 0 1.95 0.177 2.837 0.532l-0.177 2.127c-0.975-0.532-1.773-0.709-2.748-0.709-2.571 0-4.166 1.95-4.166 4.521s1.596 4.521 4.255 4.521c0.975 0 2.127-0.177 2.748-0.532l0.089 2.216z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M44.942 11.258c0.975-0.443 2.216-0.709 3.191-0.709 2.837 0 3.989 1.152 3.989 3.9v1.152c0 0.975 0 1.596 0 2.305s0.089 1.33 0.089 2.039h-2.127c-0.089-0.443-0.089-1.064-0.089-1.418v0c-0.532 1.064-1.773 1.596-2.837 1.596-1.596 0-3.28-0.975-3.28-2.748 0-1.418 0.709-2.216 1.596-2.659s2.127-0.532 3.102-0.532h1.33c0-1.507-0.709-2.039-2.127-2.039-1.064 0-2.039 0.355-2.837 0.975v-1.861zM47.778 18.526c0.709 0 1.33-0.355 1.684-0.798 0.355-0.532 0.532-1.152 0.532-1.95h-1.064c-1.064 0-2.659 0.177-2.659 1.596 0 0.798 0.709 1.152 1.507 1.152z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M54.604 6.56h2.393v13.474h-2.393v-13.474z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M67.014 19.501c-0.886 0.443-1.862 0.709-3.191 0.709-3.102 0-4.875-1.773-4.875-4.787 0-2.659 1.418-4.875 4.343-4.875 3.457 0 4.432 2.393 4.432 5.584h-6.382c0.089 1.507 1.152 2.305 2.659 2.305 1.152 0 2.216-0.443 3.103-0.975v2.039zM65.418 14.537c-0.089-1.152-0.621-2.216-1.95-2.216s-2.039 0.975-2.127 2.216h4.078z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M69.585 10.814h2.305v1.241c0.798-1.064 1.773-1.507 3.014-1.507 2.216 0 3.191 1.507 3.191 3.634v5.85h-2.393v-4.964c0-1.152 0-2.659-1.596-2.659-1.773 0-2.127 1.861-2.127 3.103v4.521h-2.393v-9.219z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M86.781 18.97v0c-0.798 0.886-1.773 1.241-2.837 1.241-2.837 0-3.9-2.305-3.9-4.875s1.064-4.787 3.9-4.787c1.241 0 2.039 0.443 2.748 1.33v0-5.319h2.393v13.474h-2.305v-1.064zM84.565 18.349c1.596 0 2.127-1.684 2.127-3.014s-0.621-2.925-2.127-2.925c-1.596 0-2.039 1.684-2.039 2.925 0 1.33 0.443 3.014 2.039 3.014z"></path> <path fill="#6faa46" style="fill: var(--color16, #6faa46)" d="M92.011 11.258c0.975-0.443 2.216-0.709 3.191-0.709 2.837 0 3.989 1.152 3.989 3.9v1.152c0 0.975 0 1.596 0 2.305s0.089 1.33 0.089 2.039h-2.127c-0.089-0.443-0.089-1.064-0.089-1.418v0c-0.532 1.064-1.773 1.596-2.837 1.596-1.596 0-3.28-0.975-3.28-2.748 0-1.418 0.709-2.216 1.596-2.659s2.127-0.532 3.103-0.532h1.33c0-1.507-0.709-2.039-2.127-2.039-1.064 0-2.039 0.355-2.837 0.975v-1.861zM94.848 18.526c0.709 0 1.33-0.355 1.684-0.798 0.355-0.532 0.532-1.152 0.532-1.95h-1.064c-1.064 0-2.659 0.177-2.659 1.596-0.089 0.798 0.621 1.152 1.507 1.152z"></path> <path fill="#8ebc23" style="fill: var(--color17, #8ebc23)" d="M16.044 32c5.319 0.177 10.46-2.925 12.676-8.066 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.003-0.443-12.499 6.825-12.676 8.066z"></path> <path fill="#8ebc23" style="fill: var(--color17, #8ebc23)" d="M0 20.388c5.319 0.089 10.371 3.28 12.321 8.598 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.003 0.089-12.055-6.028-12.321-8.598z"></path> <path fill="#8ebc23" style="fill: var(--color17, #8ebc23)" d="M14.183 17.285c-3.634-1.507-5.319-4.787-4.166-7.712 0.975-2.482 3.723-3.634 5.939-2.748 2.571 1.064 3.634 3.9 2.659 6.205-0.443 1.152-1.418 2.127-2.393 2.837 3.634 1.33 7.801 0.089 9.13-1.861 1.596-2.482-0.355-7.357-0.355-7.357-1.152-2.482-3.102-4.609-6.116-5.85-6.116-2.393-12.942 0.532-15.424 6.56-2.393 6.028 0.532 12.942 6.56 15.335 0.886 0.355 1.773 0.62 2.748 0.709l0.798 8.51h1.507l0.798-8.51c4.078-0.532 7.801-3.191 9.485-7.269 0 0 0 0 0 0-2.748 1.773-6.914 2.837-11.169 1.152z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_hypothesesorg" viewBox="0 0 140 32"> <title>Hypoth猫ses</title> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M33.941 6.353h2.765v5.529h5.471v-5.529h2.765v13.706h-2.765v-6h-5.471v6h-2.765v-13.706z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M52.059 17.353v0l2.471-7.353h2.647l-3.765 10c-0.824 2.235-1.471 4.412-4.176 4.412-0.647 0-1.235-0.118-1.882-0.294l0.176-1.941c0.353 0.118 0.706 0.176 1.353 0.176 1.059 0 1.706-0.706 1.706-1.824l-3.882-10.588h2.882l2.471 7.412z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M58.765 9.941h2.529v1.412h0.059c0.588-1 1.588-1.647 3.118-1.647 3.118 0 4.235 2.471 4.235 5.235s-1.118 5.294-4.294 5.294c-1.118 0-2.059-0.294-2.941-1.412h-0.059v5.294h-2.647v-14.176zM61.412 15c0 1.412 0.588 3.294 2.294 3.294s2.235-1.882 2.235-3.294c0-1.353-0.471-3.235-2.176-3.235s-2.353 1.824-2.353 3.235z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M75.353 9.706c3 0 5.294 2 5.294 5.353 0 2.882-1.941 5.235-5.294 5.235s-5.294-2.294-5.294-5.235c0-3.294 2.294-5.353 5.294-5.353zM75.353 18.235c2 0 2.529-1.824 2.529-3.471 0-1.529-0.824-3-2.529-3s-2.529 1.471-2.529 3c0 1.647 0.529 3.471 2.529 3.471z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M83.588 11.882h-1.941v-1.941h1.941v-2l2.647-0.824v2.882h2.353v1.941h-2.353v4.706c0 0.882 0.235 1.647 1.235 1.647 0.471 0 0.941-0.118 1.176-0.294l0.059 2.059c-0.529 0.176-1.176 0.235-1.941 0.235-2.059 0-3.176-1.294-3.176-3.294v-5.118z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M90.353 5.353h2.647v6h0.059c0.647-1 1.824-1.588 3.176-1.588 2.412 0 3.412 1.706 3.412 3.941v6.353h-2.647v-5.412c0-1.235 0-2.882-1.706-2.882-1.882 0-2.294 2.059-2.294 3.353v4.941h-2.647v-14.706z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M110.412 19.471c-0.941 0.529-2.059 0.824-3.471 0.824-3.353 0-5.294-1.941-5.294-5.235 0-2.941 1.529-5.353 4.706-5.353 3.765 0 4.824 2.588 4.824 6.118h-7c0.118 1.647 1.235 2.529 2.882 2.529 1.294 0 2.353-0.471 3.353-1v2.118zM108.647 14c-0.059-1.294-0.647-2.353-2.118-2.353s-2.235 1-2.353 2.353h4.471z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M119.176 12.059c-0.824-0.294-1.412-0.412-2.353-0.412-0.706 0-1.529 0.235-1.529 1.118 0 1.588 4.588 0.588 4.588 4.235 0 2.353-2.118 3.294-4.235 3.294-1 0-2-0.176-3-0.412l0.176-2.176c0.824 0.412 1.706 0.647 2.588 0.647 0.647 0 1.706-0.235 1.706-1.235 0-2-4.588-0.647-4.588-4.294 0-2.176 1.882-3.118 3.941-3.118 1.235 0 2.059 0.176 2.882 0.353l-0.176 2z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M130 19.471c-0.941 0.529-2.059 0.824-3.471 0.824-3.353 0-5.294-1.941-5.294-5.235 0-2.941 1.529-5.353 4.706-5.353 3.765 0 4.824 2.588 4.824 6.118h-7c0.118 1.647 1.235 2.529 2.882 2.529 1.294 0 2.353-0.471 3.353-1v2.118zM128.235 14c-0.059-1.294-0.647-2.353-2.118-2.353s-2.235 1-2.353 2.353h4.471z"></path> <path fill="#cc071e" style="fill: var(--color18, #cc071e)" d="M138.824 12.059c-0.824-0.294-1.412-0.412-2.353-0.412-0.706 0-1.529 0.235-1.529 1.118 0 1.588 4.588 0.588 4.588 4.235 0 2.353-2.118 3.294-4.235 3.294-1 0-2-0.176-3-0.412l0.176-2.176c0.824 0.412 1.706 0.647 2.588 0.647 0.647 0 1.706-0.235 1.706-1.235 0-2-4.588-0.647-4.588-4.294 0-2.176 1.882-3.118 3.941-3.118 1.235 0 2.059 0.176 2.882 0.353l-0.176 2z"></path> <path fill="#ec5a4f" style="fill: var(--color19, #ec5a4f)" d="M16.059 32c5.353 0.176 10.471-2.882 12.706-8.118 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.059-0.412-12.588 6.882-12.706 8.118z"></path> <path fill="#ec5a4f" style="fill: var(--color19, #ec5a4f)" d="M0 20.353c5.353 0.059 10.353 3.294 12.353 8.588 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.059 0.176-12.118-5.941-12.353-8.588z"></path> <path fill="#ec5a4f" style="fill: var(--color19, #ec5a4f)" d="M14.176 17.294c-3.647-1.471-5.353-4.824-4.176-7.765 1-2.529 3.706-3.647 5.941-2.706 2.588 1.059 3.647 3.882 2.706 6.235-0.471 1.176-1.412 2.059-2.412 2.824 3.647 1.353 7.765 0.118 9.118-1.882 1.647-2.471-0.353-7.294-0.353-7.294-1.118-2.529-3.118-4.647-6.176-5.824-6.059-2.412-12.941 0.471-15.353 6.529-2.412 6 0.529 12.882 6.529 15.353 0.882 0.353 1.824 0.588 2.706 0.765l0.824 8.471h1.529l0.824-8.471c4.118-0.529 7.824-3.176 9.529-7.294 0 0 0 0 0 0-2.824 1.706-7 2.765-11.235 1.059z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_wwwrevuesorg" viewBox="0 0 125 32"> <title>OpenEdition Journals</title> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M39.669 1.41c3.438 0 5.377 2.292 5.377 5.642s-1.939 5.73-5.377 5.73c-3.526 0-5.377-2.38-5.377-5.73s1.851-5.642 5.377-5.642zM39.669 11.019c2.292 0 3.085-2.028 3.085-3.967s-0.882-3.967-3.085-3.967c-2.204 0-3.085 2.028-3.085 3.967 0 2.028 0.793 3.967 3.085 3.967z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M46.898 4.496h2.028v1.146c0.441-0.793 1.322-1.322 2.556-1.322 2.468 0 3.438 2.028 3.438 4.231s-0.882 4.231-3.438 4.231c-0.882 0-1.675-0.176-2.38-1.146v0 4.231h-2.116v-11.372zM49.014 8.551c0 1.146 0.441 2.645 1.851 2.645s1.763-1.499 1.763-2.645c0-1.058-0.353-2.556-1.763-2.556-1.322-0.088-1.851 1.41-1.851 2.556z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M63.030 12.165c-0.793 0.441-1.675 0.617-2.821 0.617-2.645 0-4.231-1.587-4.231-4.231 0-2.38 1.234-4.32 3.791-4.32 2.997 0 3.879 2.028 3.879 4.937h-5.642c0.088 1.322 0.97 2.028 2.292 2.028 1.058 0 1.939-0.353 2.733-0.793v1.763zM61.62 7.758c-0.088-1.058-0.529-1.939-1.675-1.939s-1.763 0.793-1.851 1.939h3.526z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M65.234 4.496h2.028v1.146c0.705-0.97 1.587-1.322 2.645-1.322 1.939 0 2.733 1.322 2.733 3.174v5.113h-2.116v-4.32c0-0.97 0-2.292-1.41-2.292-1.499 0-1.851 1.675-1.851 2.733v3.967h-2.028v-8.198z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M75.107 1.587h6.523v1.763h-4.32v2.645h3.879v1.763h-3.879v3.085h4.32v1.763h-6.523z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M89.124 11.636v0c-0.705 0.793-1.499 1.146-2.556 1.146-2.468 0-3.438-2.028-3.438-4.231s0.882-4.231 3.438-4.231c1.058 0 1.763 0.353 2.468 1.146v0-4.672h2.116v11.813h-2.028v-0.97zM87.185 11.107c1.41 0 1.851-1.499 1.851-2.645s-0.529-2.556-1.851-2.556c-1.41 0-1.763 1.499-1.763 2.556-0.088 1.146 0.353 2.645 1.763 2.645z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M93.355 0.97h2.116v2.028h-2.116v-2.028zM93.355 4.496h2.116v8.11h-2.116v-8.11z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M98.38 5.995h-1.587v-1.499h1.587v-1.675l2.116-0.705v2.292h1.851v1.587h-1.851v3.791c0 0.705 0.176 1.322 0.97 1.322 0.353 0 0.705-0.088 0.97-0.176l0.088 1.675c-0.441 0.088-0.97 0.176-1.587 0.176-1.675 0-2.556-1.058-2.556-2.645v-4.143z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M103.846 0.97h2.116v2.028h-2.116v-2.028zM103.846 4.496h2.116v8.11h-2.116v-8.11z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M111.956 4.32c2.38 0 4.231 1.587 4.231 4.32 0 2.292-1.587 4.231-4.231 4.231s-4.231-1.851-4.231-4.231c0-2.733 1.851-4.32 4.231-4.32zM111.956 11.107c1.587 0 2.028-1.41 2.028-2.821 0-1.234-0.705-2.38-2.028-2.38-1.41 0-2.028 1.234-2.028 2.38 0 1.41 0.353 2.821 2.028 2.821z"></path> <path fill="#0089b5" style="fill: var(--color20, #0089b5)" d="M117.862 4.496h2.028v1.146c0.705-0.97 1.587-1.322 2.645-1.322 1.939 0 2.733 1.322 2.733 3.174v5.113h-2.116v-4.32c0-0.97 0-2.292-1.41-2.292-1.499 0-1.851 1.675-1.851 2.733v3.967h-2.116v-8.198z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M16.044 32c5.377 0.176 10.49-2.909 12.694-8.11 0 0 0 0 0 0-6.964-0.441-12.518 6.964-12.694 8.11z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M0 20.364c5.377 0.088 10.314 3.35 12.342 8.639 0 0 0 0 0 0-7.052 0.088-12.077-5.995-12.342-8.639z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M14.193 17.278c-3.702-1.499-5.377-4.848-4.143-7.758 1.058-2.556 3.702-3.614 5.995-2.733 2.556 1.058 3.614 3.879 2.733 6.259-0.441 1.146-1.41 2.116-2.38 2.821 3.702 1.322 7.758 0.088 9.080-1.851 1.675-2.468-0.353-7.317-0.353-7.317-1.146-2.468-3.174-4.584-6.171-5.818-6.171-2.468-13.047 0.441-15.427 6.523-2.468 6.083 0.529 12.959 6.523 15.339 0.882 0.353 1.851 0.617 2.733 0.705l0.793 8.551h1.499l0.793-8.463c4.143-0.529 7.846-3.174 9.521-7.317 0 0 0 0 0 0-2.821 1.675-6.964 2.821-11.196 1.058z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M36.849 18.953c0-1.675-0.176-1.851-1.058-1.851h-0.353c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.353 0-0.353 0.882 0 1.322 0.088 1.939 0.088s1.058 0 1.675-0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353h-0.264c-0.882 0.088-0.882 0.353-0.882 1.851v5.466c0 1.146-0.088 2.204-0.353 2.821-0.529 1.146-1.499 2.116-2.909 2.116-0.176 0-0.617 0-0.617-0.264s0.176-0.705 0.529-0.705c0.176 0 0.353 0 0.529 0.088s0.441 0.088 0.617 0.088c0.353 0 0.529-0.176 0.617-0.353 0.353-0.705 0.353-2.909 0.353-3.702v-5.554z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M46.017 23.449c0 1.851-1.234 3.174-3.085 3.174-1.675 0-2.997-1.146-2.997-2.997s1.41-3.174 3.174-3.174c1.587-0.088 2.909 1.146 2.909 2.997zM42.843 20.804c-0.97 0-1.675 0.97-1.675 2.556 0 1.322 0.617 2.821 1.939 2.821s1.675-1.322 1.675-2.468c0-1.322-0.529-2.909-1.939-2.909z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M48.837 24.242c0 1.058 0.264 1.675 1.41 1.675 0.441 0 0.882-0.176 1.234-0.441 0.176-0.176 0.264-0.353 0.264-0.882v-2.38c0-0.97-0.088-0.97-0.529-1.146l-0.176-0.088c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.353 0.617 0 1.41-0.088 1.763-0.264 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.176 0.088 0 0.264-0.088 0.705-0.088 1.322v2.468c0 1.146 0.088 1.587 0.441 1.587 0.176 0 0.353 0 0.617-0.088 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.441-0.529 0.088-1.41 0.264-1.939 0.529-0.088 0-0.176 0-0.176-0.088v-0.617c0-0.176-0.088-0.176-0.088-0.176-0.441 0.264-1.146 0.793-2.028 0.793-1.322 0-1.763-0.617-1.763-1.851v-2.468c0-0.882 0-1.058-0.441-1.234l-0.176-0.088c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.353 0.705 0 1.234-0.176 1.587-0.264 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.176 0.088 0 0.264-0.088 0.529-0.088 1.322v2.468z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M55.537 22.127c0-0.529 0-0.617-0.441-0.882l-0.088-0.088c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.264 0.353-0.088 1.146-0.529 1.499-0.705 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.088v0.882c0 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.176 0.529-0.441 1.058-0.882 1.587-0.882 0.353 0 0.705 0.264 0.705 0.617 0 0.529-0.353 0.705-0.617 0.705-0.176 0-0.176 0-0.353-0.088-0.176-0.176-0.441-0.264-0.617-0.264-0.264 0-0.441 0.176-0.529 0.264-0.176 0.176-0.176 0.617-0.176 1.146v2.028c0 1.058 0 1.234 0.617 1.322l0.529 0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353-0.705 0-1.146 0-1.675 0s-0.97 0-1.322 0c-0.088 0-0.088-0.264 0-0.353l0.264-0.088c0.529-0.088 0.529-0.176 0.529-1.322v-2.733z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M60.386 22.127c0-0.529 0-0.617-0.441-0.882l-0.088-0.088c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.264 0.353-0.088 1.146-0.529 1.499-0.705 0.088 0 0.088 0 0.176 0.088 0 0.353 0 0.529 0 0.705 0 0.088 0.088 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.617-0.353 1.322-0.793 2.028-0.793 1.234 0 1.763 0.882 1.763 1.851v2.556c0 1.058 0 1.234 0.529 1.322l0.353 0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353-0.441 0-0.882 0-1.41 0s-0.97 0-1.41 0c-0.088 0-0.176-0.264 0-0.353l0.264-0.088c0.529-0.088 0.529-0.176 0.529-1.322v-2.204c0-0.882-0.353-1.499-1.41-1.499-0.529 0-1.058 0.264-1.234 0.529s-0.264 0.441-0.264 0.882v2.292c0 1.058 0 1.234 0.529 1.322l0.264 0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353-0.353 0-0.793 0-1.322 0s-0.97 0-1.41 0c-0.088 0-0.176-0.264 0-0.353l0.353-0.088c0.529-0.088 0.529-0.176 0.529-1.322v-2.645z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M70.171 23.361c0.176-0.088 0.264-0.176 0.264-0.441v-0.705c0-0.529-0.176-1.322-1.058-1.322-0.441 0-0.882 0.176-0.97 0.705 0 0.264 0 0.441-0.176 0.529-0.176 0.176-0.617 0.264-0.793 0.264s-0.176-0.088-0.176-0.176c0-0.793 1.675-1.851 2.733-1.851s1.587 0.617 1.499 1.763l-0.088 2.556c0 0.705 0.088 1.322 0.705 1.322 0.176 0 0.264 0 0.353-0.088 0.088 0 0.176-0.088 0.176-0.088 0.088 0 0.088 0.088 0.088 0.176s-0.529 0.617-1.234 0.617c-0.353 0-0.705-0.088-0.97-0.441-0.088-0.088-0.176-0.176-0.264-0.176s-0.264 0.176-0.529 0.264c-0.353 0.176-0.617 0.353-1.058 0.353s-0.793-0.088-1.058-0.353c-0.264-0.264-0.441-0.617-0.441-1.058 0-0.529 0.264-0.882 1.234-1.234l1.763-0.617zM69.201 25.917c0.264 0 0.793-0.176 0.882-0.353 0.176-0.176 0.176-0.353 0.176-0.705v-0.882c0-0.176-0.088-0.176-0.176-0.176s-0.353 0.088-0.617 0.176c-0.882 0.264-1.322 0.529-1.322 1.058 0.176 0.264 0.353 0.882 1.058 0.882z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M74.931 24.771c0 1.058 0 1.234 0.529 1.322l0.353 0.088c0.088 0.088 0.088 0.353 0 0.353-0.441 0-0.882 0-1.41 0s-0.97 0-1.41 0c-0.088 0-0.088-0.264 0-0.353l0.353-0.088c0.529-0.088 0.529-0.176 0.529-1.322v-6.612c0-0.882 0-0.97-0.441-1.234l-0.176-0.176c-0.088-0.088-0.088-0.264 0-0.264 0.353-0.088 1.058-0.353 1.587-0.617 0.088 0 0.088 0 0.176 0.088 0 0.441 0 1.146 0 1.851v6.964z"></path> <path fill="#0ab7d9" style="fill: var(--color21, #0ab7d9)" d="M80.22 20.628c0.176 0.353 0.264 0.793 0.264 1.234-0.088 0.088-0.264 0.088-0.353 0-0.264-0.617-0.705-1.058-1.322-1.058s-0.97 0.353-0.97 0.882c0 0.617 0.617 0.97 1.146 1.234 0.793 0.441 1.499 0.97 1.499 2.028 0 1.146-1.058 1.675-2.116 1.675-0.705 0-1.234-0.176-1.587-0.441-0.088-0.353-0.176-1.058-0.088-1.499 0.088-0.088 0.264-0.088 0.353 0 0.264 0.793 0.705 1.499 1.587 1.499 0.529 0 0.97-0.353 0.97-0.97 0-0.705-0.617-1.058-1.146-1.322-0.882-0.441-1.499-0.97-1.499-1.851 0-1.058 0.882-1.675 2.028-1.675 0.617 0 1.146 0.176 1.234 0.264z"></path> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_wwwopeneditionorg" viewBox="0 0 152.7 34.8"> <title>OpenEdition</title> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M42.4,8.4c4.4,0,6.9,3,6.9,7.3s-2.5,7.4-6.9,7.4-6.9-3-6.9-7.4S37.9,8.4,42.4,8.4Zm0,12.4c2.9,0,4-2.6,4-5.1s-1.2-5.1-4-5.1-4,2.6-4,5.1S39.5,20.8,42.4,20.8Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M51.7,12.3h2.6v1.5h0a3.47,3.47,0,0,1,3.2-1.7c3.2,0,4.4,2.6,4.4,5.4S60.7,23,57.5,23a3.75,3.75,0,0,1-3.1-1.4h0V27H51.7Zm2.7,5.2c0,1.5.6,3.4,2.4,3.4s2.3-1.9,2.3-3.4-.5-3.3-2.3-3.3S54.4,16.1,54.4,17.5Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M72.5,22.2a7.67,7.67,0,0,1-3.6.8c-3.5,0-5.5-2-5.5-5.4,0-3,1.6-5.5,4.9-5.5,3.9,0,5,2.7,5,6.3H66A2.69,2.69,0,0,0,69,21a6.9,6.9,0,0,0,3.5-1.1Zm-1.8-5.7c-.1-1.3-.7-2.5-2.2-2.5a2.39,2.39,0,0,0-2.4,2.5Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M75.4,12.3H78v1.4h0A4,4,0,0,1,81.4,12c2.5,0,3.6,1.7,3.6,4.1v6.6H82.3V17.1c0-1.3,0-3-1.8-3-2,0-2.4,2.1-2.4,3.5v5.1H75.4Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M88,8.6h8.4v2.2H90.9v3.5H96v2.2H90.9v4h5.6v2.2H88Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M106,21.6h0a4.12,4.12,0,0,1-3.2,1.4c-3.2,0-4.4-2.6-4.4-5.5s1.2-5.4,4.4-5.4a3.62,3.62,0,0,1,3.1,1.5h0v-6h2.7V22.8H106Zm-2.4-.7c1.8,0,2.4-1.9,2.4-3.4s-.7-3.3-2.4-3.3-2.3,1.9-2.3,3.3S101.8,20.9,103.6,20.9Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M111.6,7.8h2.7v2.6h-2.7Zm0,4.5h2.7V22.8h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M118,14.3h-2v-2h2V10.2l2.7-.9v3h2.4v2h-2.4v4.9c0,.9.2,1.7,1.3,1.7a1.92,1.92,0,0,0,1.2-.3l.1,2.2a6.17,6.17,0,0,1-2,.2,3.08,3.08,0,0,1-3.3-3.4Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M125.1,7.8h2.7v2.6h-2.7Zm0,4.5h2.7V22.8h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M135.5,12.1a5.25,5.25,0,0,1,5.5,5.5,5.5,5.5,0,0,1-11,0A5.25,5.25,0,0,1,135.5,12.1Zm0,8.8c2.1,0,2.6-1.9,2.6-3.6s-.9-3.1-2.6-3.1-2.6,1.5-2.6,3.1S133.4,20.9,135.5,20.9Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M143.1,12.3h2.6v1.4h0a4,4,0,0,1,3.4-1.7c2.5,0,3.6,1.7,3.6,4.1v6.6H150V17.1c0-1.3,0-3-1.8-3-2,0-2.4,2.1-2.4,3.5v5.1h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M42.4,8.4c4.4,0,6.9,3,6.9,7.3s-2.5,7.4-6.9,7.4-6.9-3-6.9-7.4S37.9,8.4,42.4,8.4Zm0,12.4c2.9,0,4-2.6,4-5.1s-1.2-5.1-4-5.1-4,2.6-4,5.1S39.5,20.8,42.4,20.8Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M51.7,12.3h2.6v1.5h0a3.47,3.47,0,0,1,3.2-1.7c3.2,0,4.4,2.6,4.4,5.4S60.7,23,57.5,23a3.75,3.75,0,0,1-3.1-1.4h0V27H51.7Zm2.7,5.2c0,1.5.6,3.4,2.4,3.4s2.3-1.9,2.3-3.4-.5-3.3-2.3-3.3S54.4,16.1,54.4,17.5Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M72.5,22.2a7.67,7.67,0,0,1-3.6.8c-3.5,0-5.5-2-5.5-5.4,0-3,1.6-5.5,4.9-5.5,3.9,0,5,2.7,5,6.3H66A2.69,2.69,0,0,0,69,21a6.9,6.9,0,0,0,3.5-1.1Zm-1.8-5.7c-.1-1.3-.7-2.5-2.2-2.5a2.39,2.39,0,0,0-2.4,2.5Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M75.4,12.3H78v1.4h0A4,4,0,0,1,81.4,12c2.5,0,3.6,1.7,3.6,4.1v6.6H82.3V17.1c0-1.3,0-3-1.8-3-2,0-2.4,2.1-2.4,3.5v5.1H75.4Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M88,8.6h8.4v2.2H90.9v3.5H96v2.2H90.9v4h5.6v2.2H88Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M106,21.6h0a4.12,4.12,0,0,1-3.2,1.4c-3.2,0-4.4-2.6-4.4-5.5s1.2-5.4,4.4-5.4a3.62,3.62,0,0,1,3.1,1.5h0v-6h2.7V22.8H106Zm-2.4-.7c1.8,0,2.4-1.9,2.4-3.4s-.7-3.3-2.4-3.3-2.3,1.9-2.3,3.3S101.8,20.9,103.6,20.9Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M111.6,7.8h2.7v2.6h-2.7Zm0,4.5h2.7V22.8h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M118,14.3h-2v-2h2V10.2l2.7-.9v3h2.4v2h-2.4v4.9c0,.9.2,1.7,1.3,1.7a1.92,1.92,0,0,0,1.2-.3l.1,2.2a6.17,6.17,0,0,1-2,.2,3.08,3.08,0,0,1-3.3-3.4Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M125.1,7.8h2.7v2.6h-2.7Zm0,4.5h2.7V22.8h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M135.5,12.1a5.25,5.25,0,0,1,5.5,5.5,5.5,5.5,0,0,1-11,0A5.25,5.25,0,0,1,135.5,12.1Zm0,8.8c2.1,0,2.6-1.9,2.6-3.6s-.9-3.1-2.6-3.1-2.6,1.5-2.6,3.1S133.4,20.9,135.5,20.9Z"/> <path fill="#f74a00" style="fill: var(--color22, #f74a00)" d="M143.1,12.3h2.6v1.4h0a4,4,0,0,1,3.4-1.7c2.5,0,3.6,1.7,3.6,4.1v6.6H150V17.1c0-1.3,0-3-1.8-3-2,0-2.4,2.1-2.4,3.5v5.1h-2.7Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M17.5,34.8A14.55,14.55,0,0,0,31.3,26h0C23.6,25.5,17.6,33.5,17.5,34.8Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M0,22.2a14.52,14.52,0,0,1,13.4,9.4h0C5.8,31.7.2,25,0,22.2Z"/> <path fill="#fc7c00" style="fill: var(--color13, #fc7c00)" d="M15.4,18.8c-4-1.6-5.8-5.2-4.5-8.4a5.07,5.07,0,1,1,9.4,3.8,8.64,8.64,0,0,1-2.6,3.1c4,1.4,8.5.1,9.9-2,1.8-2.7-.4-8-.4-8A11.91,11.91,0,0,0,20.5,1a12.79,12.79,0,1,0-9.6,23.7,11.14,11.14,0,0,0,3,.8l.9,9.2h1.6l.9-9.2a12.93,12.93,0,0,0,10.3-7.9h0A13.39,13.39,0,0,1,15.4,18.8Z"/> </symbol> <symbol id="icon-logo_search" viewBox="0 0 247 68"> <title>OpenEdition Search</title> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M80.3,6.6c6.5,0,10.1,4.4,10.1,10.6S86.9,28,80.3,28c-6.6,0-10.1-4.4-10.1-10.7C70.2,10.9,73.8,6.6,80.3,6.6z M80.3,24.7c4.2,0,5.8-3.8,5.8-7.5c0-3.6-1.7-7.4-5.8-7.4c-4.1,0-5.8,3.7-5.8,7.4C74.5,20.9,76.1,24.7,80.3,24.7z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M93.9,12.4h3.8v2.2h0.1c0.9-1.5,2.4-2.5,4.7-2.5c4.7,0,6.4,3.7,6.4,7.9c0,4.2-1.7,8-6.5,8c-1.7,0-3.1-0.4-4.5-2.1h-0.1v8h-4V12.4z M97.9,19.9c0,2.2,0.9,4.9,3.5,4.9c2.6,0,3.3-2.8,3.3-4.9c0-2-0.7-4.9-3.3-4.9C98.9,15.1,97.9,17.8,97.9,19.9z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M124.2,26.7c-1.4,0.8-3.1,1.2-5.2,1.2c-5,0-8-2.9-8-7.9c0-4.4,2.3-8,7.1-8c5.7,0,7.2,3.9,7.2,9.2h-10.5c0.2,2.5,1.9,3.8,4.3,3.8c1.9,0,3.6-0.7,5.1-1.5V26.7z M121.5,18.5c-0.1-1.9-1-3.6-3.2-3.6c-2.2,0-3.3,1.5-3.5,3.6H121.5z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M128.4,12.4h3.8v2.1h0.1c1.2-1.7,2.9-2.4,5-2.4c3.6,0,5.2,2.5,5.2,6v9.6h-4v-8.1c0-1.9,0-4.4-2.6-4.4c-2.9,0-3.5,3.1-3.5,5.1v7.5h-4V12.4z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M146.8,7H159v3.3h-8v5.1h7.4v3.3H151v5.8h8.1v3.3h-12.2V7z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M173.1,25.9L173.1,25.9c-1.2,1.5-2.9,2.1-4.7,2.1c-4.7,0-6.4-3.8-6.4-8c0-4.2,1.7-7.9,6.4-7.9c2,0,3.4,0.7,4.6,2.1h0.1V5.4h4v22.2h-3.8V25.9z M169.4,24.9c2.6,0,3.5-2.8,3.5-4.9c0-2.1-1-4.9-3.6-4.9c-2.6,0-3.3,2.8-3.3,4.9C166.1,22,166.8,24.9,169.4,24.9z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M181.1,5.8h4v3.8h-4V5.8z M181.1,12.4h4v15.2h-4V12.4z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M190.5,15.3h-2.9v-2.9h2.9v-3l4-1.3v4.3h3.5v2.9h-3.5v7.1c0,1.3,0.4,2.5,1.9,2.5c0.7,0,1.4-0.1,1.8-0.4l0.1,3.1c-0.8,0.2-1.7,0.4-2.9,0.4c-3.1,0-4.8-1.9-4.8-4.9V15.3z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M200.8,5.8h4v3.8h-4V5.8z M200.8,12.4h4v15.2h-4V12.4z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M215.9,12c4.5,0,8,3,8,8.1c0,4.4-2.9,7.9-8,7.9c-5,0-8-3.5-8-7.9C208,15.1,211.4,12,215.9,12z M215.9,24.9c3,0,3.8-2.7,3.8-5.3c0-2.3-1.2-4.5-3.8-4.5c-2.6,0-3.8,2.2-3.8,4.5C212.1,22.1,212.9,24.9,215.9,24.9z"/> <path fill="#F74A00" style="fill: var(--color13, #F74A00)" d="M227,12.4h3.8v2.1h0.1c1.2-1.7,2.9-2.4,5-2.4c3.6,0,5.2,2.5,5.2,6v9.6h-4v-8.1c0-1.9,0-4.4-2.6-4.4c-2.9,0-3.5,3.1-3.5,5.1v7.5h-4V12.4z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M36.1,64c10,0.3,19.6-5.5,23.8-15.2c0,0,0,0,0-0.1C46.8,48,36.4,61.7,36.1,64z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M6,42.2c10,0.1,19.4,6.2,23.2,16.2c0,0,0,0,0,0.1C16,58.6,6.4,47.1,6,42.2z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M32.5,36.4c-6.9-2.8-10-9-7.8-14.5c1.9-4.7,7-6.8,11.2-5.1c4.8,2,6.8,7.3,5.1,11.7c-0.9,2.2-2.7,3.9-4.5,5.3c6.9,2.5,14.6,0.2,17.1-3.5c3.1-4.7-0.7-13.7-0.7-13.7C50.8,11.9,47,7.9,41.3,5.6C30,1,17.1,6.5,12.5,17.9C8,29.2,13.5,42.1,24.8,46.7c1.7,0.7,3.4,1.1,5.1,1.4L31.5,64h2.8l1.5-15.9c7.7-1,14.7-6,17.8-13.7c0,0,0,0,0,0C48.4,37.6,40.5,39.7,32.5,36.4z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M77.4,53.9c-2.3,0-3.8-0.7-4.4-1c-0.3-0.6-0.7-2.6-0.8-3.9c0.1-0.2,0.6-0.3,0.7-0.1c0.4,1.4,1.6,4.2,4.8,4.2c2.3,0,3.5-1.5,3.5-3.2c0-1.2-0.3-2.6-2.3-3.9l-2.7-1.7c-1.4-0.9-3-2.5-3-4.8c0-2.7,2.1-4.8,5.7-4.8c0.9,0,1.9,0.2,2.6,0.4c0.4,0.1,0.8,0.2,1,0.2c0.3,0.7,0.5,2.2,0.5,3.4c-0.1,0.2-0.6,0.3-0.7,0.1c-0.4-1.3-1.1-3.2-3.8-3.2c-2.7,0-3.3,1.8-3.3,3.1c0,1.6,1.3,2.8,2.4,3.4l2.2,1.4c1.8,1.1,3.5,2.7,3.5,5.4C83.3,51.8,81,53.9,77.4,53.9z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M88.1,46.3c-0.7,0-0.8,0.1-0.8,0.8c0,2.8,1.6,5.2,4.6,5.2c0.9,0,1.7-0.3,2.6-1.4c0.3-0.1,0.5,0.1,0.5,0.3c-0.9,1.9-2.9,2.6-4.4,2.6c-1.8,0-3.2-0.8-4-1.8c-0.8-1.1-1.2-2.4-1.2-3.6c0-3.4,2.3-6.3,5.6-6.3c2.4,0,4,1.6,4,3.3c0,0.4-0.1,0.6-0.1,0.7c-0.1,0.2-0.5,0.2-1.6,0.2H88.1z M89.8,45.4c2.1,0,2.7-0.1,2.9-0.3c0.1-0.1,0.2-0.2,0.2-0.5c0-0.8-0.5-1.8-2.2-1.8c-1.6,0-3.1,1.5-3.1,2.4c0,0.1,0,0.1,0.2,0.1H89.8z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M102.1,47.7c0.4-0.1,0.5-0.4,0.5-0.8l0-1.3c0-1-0.3-2.4-2-2.4c-0.8,0-1.7,0.4-1.8,1.3c0,0.4-0.1,0.8-0.3,0.9c-0.4,0.3-1.2,0.5-1.6,0.5c-0.3,0-0.4-0.1-0.4-0.4c0-1.5,3.2-3.4,5.2-3.4c2,0,3,1.2,2.9,3.3l-0.2,4.9c-0.1,1.3,0.2,2.4,1.3,2.4c0.3,0,0.5-0.1,0.7-0.2c0.1-0.1,0.3-0.2,0.4-0.2c0.1,0,0.2,0.2,0.2,0.4c0,0.1-1,1.2-2.3,1.2c-0.7,0-1.3-0.3-1.8-0.9c-0.1-0.2-0.3-0.4-0.4-0.4c-0.2,0-0.5,0.3-1.1,0.6c-0.6,0.3-1.2,0.7-2,0.7c-0.8,0-1.5-0.2-2-0.6c-0.5-0.5-0.9-1.2-0.9-2c0-1.1,0.5-1.7,2.3-2.4L102.1,47.7z M100.4,52.6c0.6,0,1.4-0.4,1.7-0.7c0.3-0.3,0.3-0.7,0.4-1.3l0.1-1.6c0-0.3-0.1-0.4-0.3-0.4c-0.2,0-0.6,0.1-1.1,0.3c-1.6,0.6-2.5,1-2.5,2.1C98.7,51.4,99,52.6,100.4,52.6z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M109.5,45.4c0-1.1,0-1.2-0.8-1.7l-0.3-0.2c-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.4,0-0.5c0.6-0.2,2.1-0.9,2.8-1.4c0.1,0,0.2,0.1,0.2,0.2v1.6c0,0.1,0,0.2,0.1,0.3c1-0.8,2-1.7,3.1-1.7c0.7,0,1.3,0.4,1.3,1.1c0,0.9-0.8,1.3-1.2,1.3c-0.3,0-0.4-0.1-0.6-0.2c-0.4-0.3-0.8-0.4-1.2-0.4c-0.4,0-0.8,0.3-1,0.6c-0.3,0.4-0.4,1.2-0.4,2.2v3.8c0,2,0.1,2.3,1.1,2.4l1,0.1c0.2,0.1,0.1,0.6-0.1,0.7c-1.3-0.1-2.1-0.1-3.1-0.1c-1,0-1.8,0-2.6,0.1c-0.2-0.1-0.3-0.6-0.1-0.7l0.5-0.1c1-0.2,1.1-0.4,1.1-2.4V45.4z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M126.2,42.5c0.2,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.4,1.1c0,0.5-0.3,1-0.6,1c-0.1,0-0.3-0.1-0.4-0.2c-0.6-0.8-1.6-1.5-2.8-1.5c-2,0-3.9,1.5-3.9,4.5c0,2.2,1.5,4.8,4.5,4.8c1.6,0,2.5-0.7,3.1-1.7c0.2-0.1,0.5,0.1,0.5,0.4c-0.9,2.1-3,2.8-4.7,2.8c-1.5,0-2.8-0.5-3.8-1.4c-1-0.9-1.6-2.3-1.6-4.1c0-3,2.1-6.2,6.8-6.2C124.3,42,125.4,42.2,126.2,42.5z"/> <path fill="#FC7C00" style="fill: var(--color14, #FC7C00)" d="M129.5,37.7c0-1.6,0-1.8-0.9-2.3l-0.3-0.2c-0.1-0.1-0.1-0.5,0-0.6c0.7-0.2,2-0.6,3-1.2c0.1,0,0.2,0.1,0.3,0.2c0,0.8-0.1,2.2-0.1,3.5V43c0,0.3,0,0.5,0.1,0.5c1-0.8,2.3-1.5,3.8-1.5c2.7,0,3.6,1.6,3.6,3.6v4.7c0,2,0.1,2.3,1.1,2.4l0.8,0.1c0.2,0.1,0.1,0.6-0.1,0.7c-1-0.1-1.8-0.1-2.8-0.1c-1,0-1.8,0-2.6,0.1c-0.2-0.1-0.3-0.6-0.1-0.7l0.6-0.1c1-0.2,1.1-0.4,1.1-2.4v-4c0-1.8-0.9-3-2.7-3c-0.9,0-1.7,0.3-2.2,0.8c-0.5,0.4-0.6,0.6-0.6,1.5v4.7c0,2,0.1,2.3,1.1,2.4l0.6,0.1c0.2,0.1,0.1,0.6-0.1,0.7c-0.8-0.1-1.6-0.1-2.6-0.1c-1,0-1.8,0-2.7,0.1c-0.2-0.1-0.3-0.6-0.1-0.7l0.7-0.1c1-0.1,1.1-0.4,1.1-2.4V37.7z"/> </symbol> </defs> </svg> </body> </html>