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[r]" accesskey="r">Perubahan terbaru</a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik">Artikel pilihan</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini">Peristiwa terkini</a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru">Halaman baru</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x">Halaman sembarang</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi">Warung Kopi</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu">Portal komunitas</a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan.">Bantuan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal">Tentang Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar">Pancapilar</a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman">Kebijakan</a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami">Hubungi kami</a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir">Bak pasir</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Pencarian </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Tampilan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class="">Menyumbang</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Manusia" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class="">Buat akun baru</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Manusia" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Masuk log</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Perkakas pribadi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id">Menyumbang</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Manusia" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"> Buat akun baru</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Manusia" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"> Masuk log</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting">pelajari lebih lanjut</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y">Kontribusi</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n">Pembicaraan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Evolusi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolusi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Evolusi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolusi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Sejarah </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Habitat_dan_populasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat_dan_populasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Habitat dan populasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat_dan_populasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Biologi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Biologi </button> <ul id="toc-Biologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anatomi_dan_fisiologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomi_dan_fisiologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Anatomi dan fisiologi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anatomi_dan_fisiologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Genetika </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Siklus_hidup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Siklus_hidup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Siklus hidup </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Siklus_hidup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Makanan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Makanan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Makanan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Makanan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variasi_biologis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variasi_biologis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Variasi biologis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Variasi_biologis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psikologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psikologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Psikologi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Psikologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Psikologi </button> <ul id="toc-Psikologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tidur_dan_mimpi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tidur_dan_mimpi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Tidur dan mimpi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tidur_dan_mimpi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kesadaran_dan_pikiran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kesadaran_dan_pikiran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Kesadaran dan pikiran </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kesadaran_dan_pikiran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motivasi_dan_emosi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motivasi_dan_emosi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Motivasi dan emosi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motivasi_dan_emosi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seksualitas_dan_rasa_sayang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seksualitas_dan_rasa_sayang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Seksualitas dan rasa sayang </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seksualitas_dan_rasa_sayang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Budaya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Budaya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Budaya </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Gulingkan subbagian Budaya </button> <ul id="toc-Budaya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bahasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bahasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Bahasa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bahasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Seni </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alat_dan_teknologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alat_dan_teknologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Alat dan teknologi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alat_dan_teknologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Catatan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Catatan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Catatan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Catatan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Referensi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Gulingkan daftar isi </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Manusia</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 221 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-221" aria-hidden="true" > 221 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens" title="Mens – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mens" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mensch" title="Mensch – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mensch" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%B0%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%8D%E1%8C%85" title="የሰው ልጅ – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የሰው ልጅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hum%C3%A1n" title="Humán – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Humán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="मनुष्य – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मनुष्य" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إنسان – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنسان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%AA_%DC%90%DC%A2%DC%AB%DC%90" title="ܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ – Aram" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aram" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85" title="بنادم – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بنادم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسان – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انسان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9" title="মানুহ – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মানুহ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanu" title="Humanu – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Humanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iriniw" title="Iriniw – Atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Iriniw" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="Atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target">Atikamekw</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ГӀадан – Avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀадан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%88" title="मनई – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मनई" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaqi" title="Jaqi – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jaqi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nsan" title="İnsan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnsan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اینسان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینسان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Кеше – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кеше" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusa" title="Manusa – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Manusa" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mensch" title="Mensch – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Mensch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDmuogos" title="Žmuogos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žmuogos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawo" title="Tawo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tawo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Чалавек – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чалавек" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Чалавек – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чалавек" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Manusia" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Човек – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Човек" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="मानुस – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मानुस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Manusia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7" title="মানুষ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মানুষ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="འགྲོ་བ་མི། – Tibet" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འགྲོ་བ་མི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibet" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den" title="Den – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Den" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Čovjek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alak" title="Alak – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Alak" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%85%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Ухаанта хүн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ухаанта хүн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89sser_hum%C3%A0" title="Ésser humà – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ésser humà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A8%CC%A4ng" title="Nè̤ng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nè̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Адам – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Адам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawo" title="Tawo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tawo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A4" title="مرۆڤ – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مرۆڤ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omu" title="Omu – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Omu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Clov%C4%9Bk_moudr%C3%BD" title="Člověk moudrý – Cheska" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Člověk moudrý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cheska" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Çын – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çын" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bod_dynol" title="Bod dynol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bod dynol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menneske" title="Menneske – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Menneske" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninsala" title="Ninsala – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Ninsala" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mensch" title="Mensch – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mensch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merd%C4%B1m" title="Merdım – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Merdım" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81" title="मान्सु – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मान्सु" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Άνθρωπος – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άνθρωπος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human" title="Human – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Human" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo" title="Homo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Homo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humano" title="Humano – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Humano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inimene" title="Inimene – Esti" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inimene" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Esti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gizaki" title="Gizaki – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gizaki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسان – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انسان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihminen" title="Ihminen – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ihminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inemine" title="Inemine – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Inemine" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menniskja" title="Menniskja – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Menniskja" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homme_moderne" title="Homme moderne – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Homme moderne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Minsk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uman" title="Uman – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Uman" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minske" title="Minske – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Minske" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duine" title="Duine – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Duine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="人" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mounit%C3%A9" title="Mounité – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Mounité" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_an_duine" title="Mac an duine – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mac an duine" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ser_humano" title="Ser humano – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ser humano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85" title="آدم – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آدم" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvyp%C3%B3ra" title="Yvypóra – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvypóra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF" title="મનુષ્ય – Gujarat" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મનુષ્ય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarat" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Aan_Adam" title="Ɗan Adam – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ɗan Adam" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%ACn" title="Ngìn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D" title="אדם – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="मनुष्य – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मनुष्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insaan" title="Insaan – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Insaan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čovjek" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moun" title="Moun – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Moun" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ember" title="Ember – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ember" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Մարդ բանական – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարդ բանական" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esser_human" title="Esser human – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Esser human" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mensia" title="Mensia – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Mensia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad%E1%BB%A5%CC%80" title="Madụ̀ – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Madụ̀" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao_(sebbangan)" title="Tao (sebbangan) – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tao (sebbangan)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Саг – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Саг" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo" title="Homo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Homo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%B0ur" title="Maður – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Maður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%84%E1%92%83" title="ᐄᒃ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐄᒃ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%88" title="ヒト – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuuman" title="Yuuman – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Yuuman" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/remna" title="remna – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="remna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manungsa" title="Manungsa – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Manungsa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ადამიანი – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ადამიანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insan" title="Insan – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Insan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afgan" title="Afgan – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Afgan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1tyubishyi" title="A̱tyubishyi – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱tyubishyi" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntu" title="Muntu – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Muntu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Manusia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Адам – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Адам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" title="មនុស្ស – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មនុស្ស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B5" title="ಮಾನವ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾನವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C" title="사람 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사람" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Морт – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Морт" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اِنسان – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِنسان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsh" title="Minsh – Dialek Kolsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Minsh" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Dialek Kolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirov" title="Mirov – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mirov" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Морт – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Морт" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tus" title="Tus – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tus" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Киши – Kirgiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Киши" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gens_humana" title="Gens humana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gens humana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Инсан – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Инсан" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Кас – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кас" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umana" title="Umana – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Umana" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omuntu" title="Omuntu – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Omuntu" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mins" title="Mins – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mins" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Bse_uman" title="Ëse uman – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ëse uman" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsona" title="Porsona – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Porsona" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moto" title="Moto – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Moto" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94" title="ມະນຸດ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມະນຸດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDmogus" title="Žmogus – Lituavi" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žmogus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituavi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylv%C4%81ks" title="Cylvāks – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Cylvāks" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilv%C4%93ks" title="Cilvēks – Latvi" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cilvēks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95" title="लोक – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लोक" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menungsa" title="Menungsa – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Menungsa" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Ломанць – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ломанць" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olombelona" title="Olombelona – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Olombelona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Айдеме – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Айдеме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Manusia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Човек – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Човек" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="മനുഷ്യൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മനുഷ്യൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Хүн – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95" title="ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5" title="मानव – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मानव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Manusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bniedem" title="Bniedem – Malta" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bniedem" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Malta" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houmano" title="Houmano – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Houmano" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="လူသား – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လူသား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Ломань – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ломань" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85" title="آدم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آدم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlacatl" title="Tlacatl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlacatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsch" title="Minsch – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Minsch" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mense" title="Mense – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mense" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="मानिस – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मानिस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82" title="मनू – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मनू" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens" title="Mens – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mens" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menneske" title="Menneske – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Menneske" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menneske" title="Menneske – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Menneske" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88sser_uman" title="Èsser uman – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Èsser uman" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama" title="Nama – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Nama" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B7" title="ମଣିଷ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମଣିଷ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Адæймаг – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Адæймаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96" title="ਮਨੁੱਖ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਨੁੱਖ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau" title="Tau – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tau" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hende" title="Hende – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hende" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="मनुस्सो – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मनुस्सो" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salan" title="Salan – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Salan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cz%C5%82owiek_rozumny" title="Człowiek rozumny – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Człowiek rozumny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92m" title="Òm – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Òm" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انسان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسان – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انسان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humano" title="Humano – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Humano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runa" title="Runa – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Runa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uman" title="Uman – Reto-Roman" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Uman" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Roman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manush" title="Manush – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Manush" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om" title="Om – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Om" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omu" title="Omu – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Omu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Человек – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Человек" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel pilihan"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83" title="मनुष्यः – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मनुष्यः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8h%D0%B8" title="Киhи – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Киhи" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umanu" title="Umanu – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Umanu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodie" title="Bodie – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bodie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسان – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انسان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmmo%C5%A1" title="Olmmoš – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Olmmoš" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čovjek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afgan" title="Afgan – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Afgan" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F" title="මිනිසා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මිනිසා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human" title="Human – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Human" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Clovek_rozumn%C3%BD" title="Človek rozumný – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Človek rozumný" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Clovek" title="Človek – Sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Človek" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munhu" title="Munhu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Munhu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadyow" title="Dadyow – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dadyow" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njeriu" title="Njeriu – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Njeriu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Човек – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Човек" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusa" title="Manusa – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Manusa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4nniska" title="Människa – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Människa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binadamu" title="Binadamu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Binadamu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czowjek" title="Czowjek – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czowjek" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/tademaw" title="tademaw – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="tademaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="மனிதர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மனிதர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/squliq" title="squliq – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="squliq" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="మానవుడు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మానవుడు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Инсон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Инсон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="มนุษย์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มนุษย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam" title="Adam – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Adam" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao" title="Tao – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tao" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inson" title="Inson – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Inson" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nsan" title="İnsan – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnsan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanhu" title="Vanhu – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vanhu" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Акыллы кеше – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Акыллы кеше" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munthu" title="Munthu – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Munthu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nnipa" title="Nnipa – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nnipa" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85" title="ئادەم – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئادەم" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Людина – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Людина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انسان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odam" title="Odam – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Odam" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristit" title="Ristit – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ristit" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di" title="Người – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens" title="Mens – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Mens" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djin_(biyolodjeye)" title="Djin (biyolodjeye) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djin (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawo" title="Tawo – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tawo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abantu" title="Abantu – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Abantu" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiXhosa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ადამიერი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ადამიერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A9" title="מענטש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מענטש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cm%E1%BB%8Dn%C3%ACy%C3%A0n" title="Ọmọnìyàn – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ọmọnìyàn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vunz" title="Vunz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vunz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="人" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2ng" title="Lâng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umuntu" title="Umuntu – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umuntu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Manusia" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c">Halaman</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Manusia" 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cetak</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" hreflang="en">Wikispesies</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g">Butir di Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Manusia<a href="#cite_note-msw3-1">[1]</a> <div style="font-size: 85%;">Rentang waktu: 0,35–0 <div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; position:relative; z-index:0; font-size:13px;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; left:0px; width:208.46153846154px; padding-left:5px; text-align:left; background-color:rgb(254,217,106); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1)); background-image: linear-gradient(left, rgba(255,255,255,1), rgba(254,217,106,1) 15%, rgba(254,217,106,1));"><a href="/wiki/Prakambrium" title="Prakambrium">PreЄ</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,160,86); left:36.553846153846px; width:18.175384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Kambrium" title="Kambrium">Є</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(0,146,112); left:54.729230769231px; width:15.095384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Ordovisium" title="Ordovisium">O</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(179,225,182); left:69.824615384615px; width:9.3753846153846px;"><a href="/wiki/Silur" title="Silur">S</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(203,140,55); left:79.2px; width:19.224615384615px;"><a href="/wiki/Devon_(zaman)" title="Devon (zaman)">D</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,165,153); left:98.424615384615px; width:20.375384615385px;"><a href="/wiki/Karbon_(zaman)" title="Karbon (zaman)">C</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,64,40); left:118.8px; width:16.246153846154px;"><a href="/wiki/Perem" title="Perem">P</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(129,43,146); left:135.04615384615px; width:17.396923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Trias" title="Trias">T</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(52,178,201); left:152.44307692308px; width:18.310769230769px;"><a href="/wiki/Jura_(zaman)" title="Jura (zaman)">J</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(127,198,78); left:170.75384615385px; width:27.076923076923px;"><a href="/wiki/Kapur_(zaman)" title="Kapur (zaman)">K</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,154,82); left:197.83076923077px; width:14.374461538462px;"><a href="/wiki/Paleogen" title="Paleogen">Pg</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:100%; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(255,230,25); left:212.20523076923px; width:7.7947692307692px;"><a href="/wiki/Neogen" title="Neogen">N</a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:219px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:220px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:213.23076923077px; width:6.7692307692308px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:213.23076923077px; width:6.7692307692308px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:214.23076923077px; width:4.7692307692308px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div> <a href="/wiki/Pleistosen_Tengah" title="Pleistosen Tengah">Pleistosen Tengah</a> – <a href="/wiki/Holosen" title="Holosen">Kini</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Akha_cropped_hires.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Akha_cropped_hires.JPG/220px-Akha_cropped_hires.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Akha_cropped_hires.JPG/330px-Akha_cropped_hires.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Akha_cropped_hires.JPG 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="554" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Laki-laki (kiri) dan perempuan (kanan) dari <a href="/wiki/Suku_Akha" class="mw-redirect" title="Suku Akha">suku Akha</a> di <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> bagian <a href="/wiki/Utara" title="Utara">utara</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taksonomi_(biologi)" title="Taksonomi (biologi)">Klasifikasi ilmiah</a> <a href="/wiki/Templat:Taxonomy/Homo" title="Sunting klasifikasi ini"><img alt="Sunting klasifikasi ini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kerajaan: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Filum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kelas: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia">Mammalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ordo: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Primata" title="Primata">Primata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subordo: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraordo: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Simiiformes" title="Simiiformes">Simiiformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Famili: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamili: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Homo_(genus)" title="Homo (genus)">Homo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spesies: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="spesies">H. sapiens</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Tata_nama_biologi" title="Tata nama biologi">Nama binomial</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center">Homo sapiens <div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus" title="Carolus Linnaeus">Linnaeus</a>, 1758</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Subspesies </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Punah" class="mw-redirect" title="Punah">†</a><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens_idaltu" title="Homo sapiens idaltu">Homo sapiens idaltu</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Graham_White&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Graham White (halaman belum tersedia)">White</a> dll., 2003</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens sapiens">Homo sapiens sapiens</a> (manusia modern)</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:World_human_population_density_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/World_human_population_density_map.png/220px-World_human_population_density_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/World_human_population_density_map.png/330px-World_human_population_density_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/World_human_population_density_map.png/440px-World_human_population_density_map.png 2x" data-file-width="8639" data-file-height="3431" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Peta persebaran populasi Homo sapiens </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Sinonim_(taksonomi)" title="Sinonim (taksonomi)">Sinonim</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Sinonim spesies<a href="#cite_note-msw3-1">[1]</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">aethiopicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">americanus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">arabicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">aurignacensis Klaatsch & Hauser, 1910 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">australasicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">cafer Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">capensis Broom, 1917 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">columbicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">cro-magnonensis Gregory, 1921 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">drennani Kleinschmidt, 1931 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">eurafricanus (Sergi, 1911) </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">grimaldiensis Gregory, 1921 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">grimaldii Lapouge, 1906 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">hottentotus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">hyperboreus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">indicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">japeticus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">melaninus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">monstrosus Linnaeus, 1758 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">neptunianus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">palestinus McCown & Keith, 1932 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">patagonus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">priscus Lapouge, 1899 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">proto-aethiopicus Giuffrida-Ruggeri, 1915 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">scythicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">sinicus Bory de St. Vincent, 1825 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">spelaeus Lapouge, 1899 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">troglodytes Linnaeus, 1758 </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">wadjakensis Dubois, 1921 </li></ul> </div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Two_young_girls_at_Camp_Christmas_Seals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Two_young_girls_at_Camp_Christmas_Seals.jpg/250px-Two_young_girls_at_Camp_Christmas_Seals.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Two_young_girls_at_Camp_Christmas_Seals.jpg/375px-Two_young_girls_at_Camp_Christmas_Seals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Two_young_girls_at_Camp_Christmas_Seals.jpg/500px-Two_young_girls_at_Camp_Christmas_Seals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>Dua anak perempuan manusia</figcaption></figure> Manusia (Homo sapiens) adalah <a href="/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies">spesies</a> <a href="/wiki/Primata" title="Primata">primata</a> yang jumlahnya paling banyak dan tersebar luas. Mereka adalah jenis <a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">kera besar</a> yang dicirikan oleh gaya berjalan dua kaki dan kemampuan <a href="/wiki/Kognisi" title="Kognisi">kognitif</a> yang mumpuni berkat <a href="/wiki/Otak" title="Otak">otak</a> mereka yang besar dan kompleks. Manusia adalah makhluk yang sangat sosial dan cenderung hidup dalam <a href="/wiki/Struktur_sosial" title="Struktur sosial">struktur sosial</a> yang kompleks yang terdiri dari banyak kelompok yang saling bekerja sama dan bersaing, mulai dari keluarga dan jaringan kekerabatan hingga negara politik. Oleh karenanya, interaksi sosial antara manusia telah membentuk berbagai macam nilai, <a href="/wiki/Norma_sosial" title="Norma sosial">norma sosial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa" title="Bahasa">bahasa</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">ritual</a>, yang masing-masing menopang komunitas manusia. Keinginan untuk memahami dan mempengaruhi <a href="/wiki/Fenomena" title="Fenomena">fenomena</a> telah memotivasi manusia untuk mengembangkan <a href="/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu">ilmu pengetahuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi">teknologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filsafat" title="Filsafat">filsafat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hukum" title="Hukum">hukum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitologi" title="Mitologi">mitologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agama" title="Agama">agama</a>, dan bidang studi lainnya. Meskipun beberapa ilmuwan memperlakukan istilah manusia sama dengan semua anggota genus <a href="/wiki/Homo_(genus)" title="Homo (genus)">Homo</a>, dalam penggunaan umum, istilah hari ini biasanya merujuk pada Homo sapiens, satu-satunya anggota Homo yang masih ada. <a href="/wiki/Manusia_modern_anatomis" title="Manusia modern anatomis">Manusia modern secara anatomis</a> muncul sekitar 300.000 tahun yang lalu di Afrika, berevolusi dari <a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">Homo heidelbergensis</a> atau spesies yang serupa dan bermigrasi keluar dari Afrika, secara bertahap menggantikan atau melakukan kawin silang dengan populasi lokal <a href="/wiki/Manusia_purba" title="Manusia purba">manusia purba</a>. Manusia merupakan <a href="/wiki/Pemburu-pengumpul" title="Pemburu-pengumpul">pemburu-pengumpul</a> yang hidup berpindah-pindah selama sebagian besar rentang sejarahnya. Manusia mulai menunjukkan perilaku modern sekitar 160.000-60.000 tahun yang lalu. <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Neolitikum" title="Revolusi Neolitikum">Revolusi Neolitikum</a>, yang dimulai di Asia Barat Daya sekitar 13.000 tahun yang lalu (dan secara terpisah di beberapa tempat lain), melahirkan <a href="/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian">pertanian</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Pola_pemukiman" class="mw-redirect" title="Pola pemukiman">pemukiman manusia</a> yang permanen. Ketika populasi manusia menjadi lebih besar dan lebih padat, bentuk-bentuk pemerintahan berkembang di dalam dan di antara mereka, dan sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Peradaban" title="Peradaban">peradaban</a> telah bangkit dan runtuh. Manusia terus berkembang, dengan populasi global mencapai lebih dari 8 miliar hingga tahun 2022. Faktor <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">gen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lingkungan" title="Lingkungan">lingkungan</a> memengaruhi variasi biologis manusia dalam karakteristik tampilan, fisiologi, kerentanan terhadap penyakit, kemampuan mental, ukuran tubuh, dan rentang hidup. Meskipun manusia bervariasi dalam banyak sifat (seperti pembawaan genetik dan ciri-ciri fisik), setiap dua orang manusia setidaknya 99% mirip secara genetik. Manusia secara <a href="/wiki/Dimorfisme_seksual" title="Dimorfisme seksual">seksual bersifat dimorfik</a>: secara umum, laki-laki memiliki tubuh yang lebih kuat dan perempuan memiliki persentase <a href="/wiki/Lemak_tubuh" title="Lemak tubuh">lemak tubuh</a> yang lebih tinggi. Pada masa <a href="/wiki/Pubertas" title="Pubertas">pubertas</a>, manusia mengembangkan <a href="/wiki/Ciri_kelamin_sekunder" title="Ciri kelamin sekunder">karakteristik seks sekunder</a>. Wanita dapat <a href="/wiki/Kehamilan" title="Kehamilan">hamil</a>, biasanya antara masa pubertas, sekitar 12 tahun, hingga masa <a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">menopause</a>, sekitar usia 50 <a href="/wiki/Tahun" title="Tahun">tahun</a>. Manusia tergolong omnivora, mereka mampu mengonsumsi berbagai macam jenis tumbuhan dan binatang, dan telah <a href="/wiki/Pengendalian_api_oleh_manusia_purba" title="Pengendalian api oleh manusia purba">menggunakan api</a> dan bentuk panas lainnya untuk menyiapkan dan memasak makanan sejak zaman <a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">H. erectus</a>. Manusia dapat bertahan hidup hingga delapan minggu tanpa makanan dan tiga atau empat hari tanpa air. Manusia pada umumnya aktif di siang hari, tidur rata-rata tujuh hingga sembilan jam per hari. Melahirkan bagi mereka adalah proses yang membahayakan, dengan risiko komplikasi dan kematian yang tinggi. Seringkali, baik ibu maupun ayah merawat anak-anak mereka, yang tidak berdaya saat dilahirkan, karena manusia adalah <a href="/wiki/Altricial" class="mw-redirect" title="Altricial">spesies altricial</a>. Manusia memiliki <a href="/wiki/Korteks_prefrontal" title="Korteks prefrontal">korteks prefrontal</a> yang berukuran besar dan berkembang, bagian otak ini merupakan yang bertanggung jawab atas kemampuan kognisi yang lebih tinggi. Manusia memiliki kecerdasan yang tinggi, mempunyai ingatan episodik, memiliki ekspresi wajah yang fleksibel, kesadaran diri, dan <a href="/wiki/Teori_pikiran" title="Teori pikiran">teori pikiran</a>. Pikiran manusia mampu melakukan introspeksi, pemikiran pribadi, imajinasi, tekad, dan membentuk pandangan tentang <a href="/wiki/Keberadaan" title="Keberadaan">eksistensi</a>. Hal ini memungkinkan kemajuan teknologi yang luar biasa dan pengembangan alat yang rumit melalui penalaran yang kompleks dan penerusan pengetahuan kepada generasi berikutnya. Bahasa, seni, dan perdagangan adalah karakteristik mendasar manusia. Rute perdagangan jarak jauh mungkin telah menyebabkan ledakan budaya dan distribusi sumber daya yang memberi manusia keunggulan dibandingkan spesies lain yang serupa. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolusi">Evolusi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Evolusi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Evolusi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Evolusi_manusia" title="Evolusi manusia">Evolusi manusia</a></div> Manusia adalah kera (<a href="/wiki/Hominoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominoidea">superfamili Hominoidea</a>).<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Garis keturunan kera yang akhirnya memunculkan manusia pertama kali berpisah dari <a href="/wiki/Ungka" title="Ungka">owa</a> (famili Hylobatidae) dan <a href="/wiki/Orang_utan" title="Orang utan">orangutan</a> (genus Pongo), kemudian <a href="/wiki/Gorila" title="Gorila">gorila</a> (genus Gorilla), dan terakhir <a href="/wiki/Simpanse" title="Simpanse">simpanse</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">bonobo</a> (genus Pan). Perpisahan terakhir, antara garis keturunan manusia dan simpanse-bonobo, terjadi sekitar 8-4 juta tahun yang lalu, pada akhir zaman <a href="/wiki/Miosen" title="Miosen">Miosen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ruvolo1997-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Selama perpisahan ini, <a href="/wiki/Kromosom_2_(manusia)" title="Kromosom 2 (manusia)">kromosom 2</a> terbentuk dari penggabungan dua kromosom lainnya, sehingga manusia hanya memiliki 23 pasang kromosom, dibandingkan dengan 24 pasang kromosom untuk kera lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-fusion-6">[6]</a> Setelah perpisahan dengan simpanse dan bonobo, hominid terdiversifikasi menjadi banyak spesies dan setidaknya dua genera yang berbeda. Semua garis keturunan genus <a href="/wiki/Homo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Homo">Homo</a> telah punah kecuali Homo sapiens.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r17572906">.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{width:0.7em;padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0 0.15em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first" style="font-size:80%; line-height:80%"><a href="/wiki/Hominoidea" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominoidea">Hominoidea</a> (hominoid, kera besar) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf" style="font-size:80%; line-height:80%"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Hylobatidae (<a href="/wiki/Owa" class="mw-redirect" title="Owa">owa</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a> (hominid, kera besar) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Pongo (<a href="/wiki/Orang_utan" title="Orang utan">orang utan</a>) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Pongo_abelii" class="mw-redirect" title="Pongo abelii">Pongo abelii</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Pongo_tapanuliensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pongo tapanuliensis">Pongo tapanuliensis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Pongo_pygmaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pongo pygmaeus">Pongo pygmaeus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Gorillini" title="Gorillini">Gorillini</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Gorilla (<a href="/wiki/Gorila" title="Gorila">gorila</a>) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Gorilla_gorilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorilla gorilla">Gorilla gorilla</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Gorilla_beringei" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorilla beringei">Gorilla beringei</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><a href="/wiki/Hominini" title="Hominini">Hominini</a> (hominin) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Pan_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan (genus)">Panina</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">Pan (<a href="/wiki/Simpanse" title="Simpanse">simpanse</a>) </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Simpanse" title="Simpanse">Pan troglodytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <a href="/wiki/Pan_paniscus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan paniscus">Pan paniscus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel">  </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label">  </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r17572906"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><a href="/wiki/Australopithecine" title="Australopithecine">Hominina</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> Homo sapiens (manusia) </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last">  </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last" style="font-size:80%; line-height:80%">  </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lucy_Skeleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Lucy_Skeleton.jpg/220px-Lucy_Skeleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Lucy_Skeleton.jpg/330px-Lucy_Skeleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Lucy_Skeleton.jpg/440px-Lucy_Skeleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Rekonstruksi terhadap <a href="/wiki/Lucy_(Australopithecus)" title="Lucy (Australopithecus)">Lucy</a>, kerangka <a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis" title="Australopithecus afarensis">Australopithecus afarensis</a> pertama yang ditemukan.</figcaption></figure> Genus Homo berevolusi dari <a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Meskipun <a href="/wiki/Fosil" title="Fosil">fosil-fosil</a> dari masa transisi ini langka, anggota Homo yang paling awal memiliki beberapa ciri-ciri utama yang sama dengan Australopithecus.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-Villmoare2015-11">[11]</a> Catatan paling awal dari Homo adalah spesimen berusia 2,8 juta tahun, LD 350-1 dari Ethiopia, dan spesies yang paling awal adalah <a href="/wiki/Homo_habilis" title="Homo habilis">Homo habilis</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Homo_rudolfensis" title="Homo rudolfensis">Homo rudolfensis</a> yang berevolusi 2,3 juta tahun yang lalu.<a href="#cite_note-Villmoare2015-11">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">H. erectus</a> (varian Afrika kadang-kadang disebut <a href="/wiki/Homo_ergaster" title="Homo ergaster">H. ergaster</a>) berevolusi 2 juta tahun yang lalu dan merupakan spesies <a href="/wiki/Manusia_purba" title="Manusia purba">manusia purba</a> pertama yang meninggalkan Afrika dan menyebar ke seluruh Eurasia.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> H. erectus juga merupakan yang pertama kali mengembangkan bentuk tubuh yang khas sebagaimana manusia. Homo sapiens muncul di Afrika sekitar 300.000 tahun yang lalu berevolusi dari spesies yang umumnya dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">H. heidelbergensis</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Homo_rhodesiensis" title="Homo rhodesiensis">H. rhodesiensis</a>, yakni keturunan H. erectus yang masih ada di Afrika.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> H. sapiens bermigrasi keluar dari benua tersebut, secara bertahap menggantikan atau kawin silang dengan populasi manusia purba setempat.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Manusia mulai menunjukkan <a href="/wiki/Modernitas_perilaku" title="Modernitas perilaku">perilaku modern</a> sekitar 160.000-70.000 tahun yang lalu,<a href="#cite_note-Marean_et_al_2007-17">[17]</a> dan mungkin lebih awal.<a href="#cite_note-Brooks-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Asal-usul_manusia_modern_dari_Afrika" title="Asal-usul manusia modern dari Afrika">Migrasi "keluar dari Afrika"</a> terjadi setidaknya dalam dua gelombang, gelombang pertama sekitar 130.000 hingga 100.000 tahun yang lalu, gelombang kedua (Penyebaran Selatan) sekitar 70.000 hingga 50.000 tahun yang lalu.<a href="#cite_note-Posth-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> H. sapiens kemudian menjajah semua benua dan pulau-pulau besar, tiba di <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> 125.000 tahun yang lalu,<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Australia sekitar 65.000 tahun yang lalu,<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> Amerika sekitar 15.000 tahun yang lalu, dan pulau-pulau terpencil seperti <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Paskah" title="Pulau Paskah">Pulau Paskah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Selandia_Baru" title="Selandia Baru">Selandia Baru</a> antara tahun 300 hingga 1280 M.<a href="#cite_note-Lowe-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> Evolusi manusia tidaklah berlangsung secara linier atau bercabang, melainkan melibatkan <a href="/wiki/Perkawinan_silang_antara_manusia_purba_dan_modern" title="Perkawinan silang antara manusia purba dan modern">perkawinan silang antara spesies-spesies terkait</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pmid21179161-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Penelitian genom telah menunjukkan bahwa hibridisasi antara garis keturunan yang berbeda secara substansial adalah hal yang umum dalam evolusi manusia.<a href="#cite_note-Ackermann_2015-29">[29]</a> Bukti <a href="/wiki/DNA" class="mw-redirect" title="DNA">DNA</a> menunjukkan bahwa beberapa gen yang berasal dari <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a> ada di antara semua populasi non-Sahara Afrika, dan Neanderthal serta hominin lain, seperti <a href="/wiki/Hominini_Denisova" class="mw-redirect" title="Hominini Denisova">Denisovan</a>, tampaknya telah menyumbangkan hingga 6% dari <a href="/wiki/Genom" title="Genom">genom</a> mereka kepada manusia non-Sahara Afrika saat ini.<a href="#cite_note-pmid21179161-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-pmid20439435-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-10.1126/science.1209202-31">[31]</a> Evolusi manusia ditandai dengan sejumlah perubahan <a href="/wiki/Morfologis" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Morfologis">morfologis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perkembangan_manusia" title="Perkembangan manusia">perkembangan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisiologis" class="mw-redirect" title="Fisiologis">fisiologis</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Perilaku_manusia" title="Perilaku manusia">perilaku</a> yang telah terjadi sejak perpecahan antara <a href="/wiki/Leluhur_bersama_terakhir_simpanse%E2%80%93manusia" title="Leluhur bersama terakhir simpanse–manusia">nenek moyang terakhir manusia dan simpanse</a>. Yang paling signifikan dari adaptasi ini adalah bipedalisme obligat, peningkatan ukuran otak, dan penurunan <a href="/wiki/Dimorfisme_seksual" title="Dimorfisme seksual">dimorfisme seksual</a> (neoteni). Hubungan antara semua perubahan ini masih menjadi bahan diskusi yang terus berlangsung.<a href="#cite_note-Boyd2003-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Sejarah">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_manusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sejarah manusia">Sejarah manusia</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Early_migrations_mercator.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Early_migrations_mercator.svg/350px-Early_migrations_mercator.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Early_migrations_mercator.svg/525px-Early_migrations_mercator.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Early_migrations_mercator.svg/700px-Early_migrations_mercator.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1173" data-file-height="569" /></a><figcaption>Peta rangkuman penduduk dunia berdasarkan <a href="/wiki/Migrasi_manusia_awal" class="mw-redirect" title="Migrasi manusia awal">migrasi awal manusia</a> selama <a href="/wiki/Paleolitikum_Akhir" title="Paleolitikum Akhir">Paleolitik Akhir</a>, mengikuti paradigma Penyebaran Selatan</figcaption></figure> Hingga sekitar 12.000 tahun yang lalu, semua manusia hidup sebagai <a href="/wiki/Pemburu-pengumpul" title="Pemburu-pengumpul">pemburu-pengumpul</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Neolitikum" title="Revolusi Neolitikum">Revolusi Neolitikum</a> (penemuan <a href="/wiki/Pertanian" title="Pertanian">pertanian</a>) pertama kali terjadi di <a href="/wiki/Asia_Barat_Daya" class="mw-redirect" title="Asia Barat Daya">Asia Barat Daya</a> dan menyebar ke sebagian besar <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Lama" title="Dunia Lama">Dunia Lama</a> selama ribuan tahun berikutnya.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Revolusi ini juga terjadi secara independen di Mesoamerika (sekitar 6.000 tahun yang lalu),<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiongkok" title="Tiongkok">Tiongkok</a>,<a href="#cite_note-He2017-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lu-38">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Papua_Nugini" title="Papua Nugini">Papua Nugini</a>,<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> dan wilayah <a href="/wiki/Sahel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahel">Sahel</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sabana_Sudan" title="Sabana Sudan">Sabana Barat</a> di Afrika.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> Akses terhadap surplus makanan menyebabkan terbentuknya <a href="/wiki/Pemukiman_manusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemukiman manusia">pemukiman manusia</a> yang permanen, <a href="/wiki/Domestikasi" title="Domestikasi">domestikasi</a> hewan, dan <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Tembaga" title="Zaman Tembaga">penggunaan peralatan logam</a> untuk pertama kalinya dalam sejarah. Pertanian dan gaya hidup menetap menyebabkan munculnya <a href="/wiki/Peradaban" title="Peradaban">peradaban</a> awal.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Sebuah revolusi perkotaan terjadi pada milenium ke-4 sebelum masehi dengan berkembangnya berbagai <a href="/wiki/Negara_kota" title="Negara kota">negara kota</a>, terutama kota-kota <a href="/wiki/Sumeria" title="Sumeria">Sumeria</a> yang terletak di <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Di kota-kota inilah bentuk tulisan paling awal yang diketahui, aksara paku, muncul sekitar tahun 3000 SM.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Peradaban besar lainnya yang berkembang pada masa ini adalah Mesir Kuno dan <a href="/wiki/Peradaban_Lembah_Indus" title="Peradaban Lembah Indus">Peradaban Lembah Indus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> Bangsa-bangsa ini kemudian berdagang satu sama lain dan menciptakan teknologi seperti roda, bajak, dan layar.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-:142-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carter2-52">[52]</a> Astronomi dan matematika juga dikembangkan dan <a href="/wiki/Piramida_Agung_Giza" title="Piramida Agung Giza">Piramida Agung Giza</a> pun dibangun.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Terdapat bukti adanya kekeringan parah yang berlangsung sekitar seratus tahun yang mungkin menyebabkan kemunduran peradaban-peradaban ini,<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> dan peradaban-peradaban baru muncul setelahnya. Bangsa <a href="/wiki/Babilonia" title="Babilonia">Babilonia</a> mendominasi Mesopotamia,<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> sementara yang lainnya seperti kebudayaan pra-historis di hilir lembah <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississipi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peradaban_Minoa" title="Peradaban Minoa">peradaban Minoa</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Shang" title="Dinasti Shang">Dinasti Shang</a>, memperoleh kejayaannya di daerah-daerah baru.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> Zaman Perunggu tiba-tiba <a href="/wiki/Keruntuhan_Zaman_Perunggu_Akhir" title="Keruntuhan Zaman Perunggu Akhir">runtuh</a> sekitar tahun 1200 SM, mengakibatkan hilangnya sejumlah peradaban dan dimulainya <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Kegelapan_Yunani" title="Zaman Kegelapan Yunani">Zaman Kegelapan Yunani</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> Selama periode ini, besi mulai menggantikan perunggu, yang mengarah ke <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Besi" title="Zaman Besi">Zaman Besi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Pada abad ke-5 SM, sejarah mulai <a href="/wiki/Historiografi" title="Historiografi">dicatat sebagai sebuah disiplin ilmu</a>, yang memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas tentang kehidupan pada saat itu.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Antara abad ke-8 dan ke-6 SM, Eropa memasuki <a href="/wiki/Zaman_klasik" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman klasik">zaman klasik</a>, sebuah periode di mana <a href="/wiki/Yunani_kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunani kuno">Yunani kuno</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Romawi_kuno" class="mw-redirect" title="Romawi kuno">Romawi kuno</a> mengalami kemajuan pesat.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Pada masa ini, peradaban-peradaban lain juga menjadi terkenal. <a href="/wiki/Peradaban_Maya" title="Peradaban Maya">Peradaban Maya</a> mulai membangun kota dan membuat <a href="/wiki/Kalender_Maya" title="Kalender Maya">kalender</a> yang rumit.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Di Afrika, <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Aksum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan Aksum">Kerajaan Aksum</a> mengambil alih <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Kush" title="Kerajaan Kush">Kerajaan Kush</a> yang sedang mengalami kemunduran dan memfasilitasi perdagangan antara <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mediterania" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterania">Mediterania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> Di Asia Barat, sistem pemerintahan terpusat <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Akhemeniyah" title="Kekaisaran Akhemeniyah">Kekaisaran Achaemenid</a> menjadi pendahulu bagi banyak kekaisaran berikutnya,<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> sementara <a href="/wiki/Kemaharajaan_Gupta" title="Kemaharajaan Gupta">Kekaisaran Gupta</a> di India dan <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Han" title="Dinasti Han">Dinasti Han</a> di Tiongkok disebut-sebut sebagai <a href="/wiki/Zaman_keemasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman keemasan">zaman keemasan</a> di wilayah masing-masing.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Invasions_of_the_Roman_Empire_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Invasions_of_the_Roman_Empire_1.png/220px-Invasions_of_the_Roman_Empire_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Invasions_of_the_Roman_Empire_1.png/330px-Invasions_of_the_Roman_Empire_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Invasions_of_the_Roman_Empire_1.png/440px-Invasions_of_the_Roman_Empire_1.png 2x" data-file-width="1954" data-file-height="1382" /></a><figcaption>Rute yang diambil oleh para penyerang barbarian terhadap Kekaisaran Romawi selama <a href="/wiki/Masa_Migrasi_(Eropa)" title="Masa Migrasi (Eropa)">Periode Migrasi</a></figcaption></figure> Setelah <a href="/wiki/Keruntuhan_Kekaisaran_Romawi_Barat" title="Keruntuhan Kekaisaran Romawi Barat">runtuhnya Kekaisaran Romawi Barat</a> pada tahun 476, Eropa memasuki <a href="/wiki/Abad_Pertengahan" title="Abad Pertengahan">Abad Pertengahan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> Selama periode ini, agama <a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kristen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Gereja_Katolik_Roma" title="Gereja Katolik Roma">Gereja</a> menyajikan otoritas dan pendidikan yang terpusat.<a href="#cite_note-Oxford_University_Press-74">[74]</a> Di Timur Tengah, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> menjadi agama yang menonjol dan meluas ke Afrika Utara yang menginspirasi arsitektur-arsitektur uniknya tersendiri dan pembentukan cara hidup yang berbeda.<a href="#cite_note-:15-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Kristiani" title="Dunia Kristiani">Dunia Kristen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Islam" title="Dunia Islam">Islam</a> pada akhirnya berbenturan, dengan <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Inggris" title="Kerajaan Inggris">Kerajaan Inggris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Prancis" title="Kerajaan Prancis">Kerajaan Prancis</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi_Suci" title="Kekaisaran Romawi Suci">Kekaisaran Romawi Suci</a> mendeklarasikan serangkaian perang suci untuk merebut kembali kendali atas <a href="/wiki/Tanah_Suci" title="Tanah Suci">Tanah Suci</a> mereka yang telah dirampas oleh pihak <a href="/wiki/Muslim" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Di Amerika, <a href="/wiki/Kebudayaan_Mississippi" title="Kebudayaan Mississippi">kebudayaan Mississippi</a> yang kompleks muncul sekitar tahun 800 Masehi,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> sementara lebih jauh ke selatan, suku <a href="/wiki/Aztek" class="mw-redirect" title="Aztek">Aztek</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Inka" title="Kerajaan Inka">Inka</a> menjadi kekuatan yang dominan.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Mongol" title="Kekaisaran Mongol">Kekaisaran Mongol</a> akan menaklukkan sebagian besar Eurasia pada abad ke-13 dan ke-14.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Selama periode waktu yang sama, <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Mali" title="Kekaisaran Mali">Kekaisaran Mali</a> di Afrika tumbuh menjadi kekaisaran terbesar di benua tersebut, membentang dari <a href="/wiki/Senegambia" title="Senegambia">Senegambia</a> hingga <a href="/wiki/Pantai_Gading" title="Pantai Gading">Pantai Gading</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> <a href="/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania">Oseania</a> menyaksikan kebangkitan <a href="/wiki/Imperium_Tu%CA%BBi_Tonga" title="Imperium Tuʻi Tonga">Kekaisaran Tuʻi Tonga</a> yang meluas ke banyak pulau di <a href="/wiki/Pasifik_Selatan" class="mw-disambig" title="Pasifik Selatan">Pasifik Selatan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <a href="/wiki/Periode_modern_awal" title="Periode modern awal">Periode modern awal</a> di Eropa dan Timur Dekat (sekitar 1450-1800) dimulai dengan <a href="/wiki/Kejatuhan_Konstantinopel" title="Kejatuhan Konstantinopel">kekalahan total Kekaisaran Bizantium</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Utsmaniyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah">kebangkitan Kesultanan Utsmaniyah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> Sementara itu, Jepang memasuki <a href="/wiki/Periode_Edo" class="mw-redirect" title="Periode Edo">periode Edo</a>,<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinasti_Qing" title="Dinasti Qing">Dinasti Qing</a> bangkit di Tiongkok<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Mughal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Mughal">Kekaisaran Mughal</a> menguasai sebagian besar wilayah India.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> Eropa mengalami <a href="/wiki/Renaisans" title="Renaisans">Renaisans</a>, dimulai pada abad ke-15,<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Zaman_Penemuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaman Penemuan">Zaman Penemuan</a> dimulai dengan penjelajahan dan <a href="/wiki/Kolonialisme" title="Kolonialisme">kolonisasi</a> daerah-daerah baru.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Ini termasuk <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Inggris" class="mw-redirect" title="Kekaisaran Inggris">Kekaisaran Inggris</a> yang berekspansi menjadi <a href="/wiki/Daftar_imperium_terbesar" title="Daftar imperium terbesar">kekaisaran terbesar di dunia</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Kolonisasi_Amerika_oleh_Eropa" title="Kolonisasi Amerika oleh Eropa">kolonisasi Amerika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Ekspansi ini menyebabkan <a href="/wiki/Perdagangan_budak_Atlantik" title="Perdagangan budak Atlantik">perdagangan budak Atlantik</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Genosida_penduduk_asli" title="Genosida penduduk asli">genosida penduduk asli</a> Amerika.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> Periode ini juga menandai <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Ilmiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolusi Ilmiah">Revolusi Ilmiah</a>, dengan kemajuan besar dalam <a href="/wiki/Matematika" title="Matematika">matematika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mekanika" title="Mekanika">mekanika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomi" title="Astronomi">astronomi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Fisiologi" title="Fisiologi">fisiologi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Periode_modern_akhir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periode modern akhir (halaman belum tersedia)">Periode modern akhir</a> (1800-sekarang) menyaksikan <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Teknologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Revolusi Teknologi">Revolusi Teknologi</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Revolusi_Industri" title="Revolusi Industri">Industri</a> membawa berbagai penemuan seperti teknologi fotografi, inovasi besar dalam pengembangan transportasi dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pengembangan_energi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pengembangan energi (halaman belum tersedia)">energi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amerika_Serikat" title="Amerika Serikat">Amerika Serikat</a> mengalami perubahan besar, dari <a href="/wiki/Tiga_Belas_Koloni" title="Tiga Belas Koloni">sekelompok kecil koloni</a> menjadi salah satu <a href="/wiki/Negara_adikuasa" title="Negara adikuasa">negara adidaya global</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Perang_Napoleon" title="Perang Napoleon">Perang Napoleon</a> berkecamuk di Eropa pada awal 1800-an,<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> Spanyol kehilangan sebagian besar koloninya di <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Baru" title="Dunia Baru">Dunia Baru</a>,<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> sementara Eropa melanjutkan <a href="/wiki/Perebutan_Afrika" title="Perebutan Afrika">ekspansi ke Afrika</a>—ketika kontrol Eropa meningkat dari 10% menjadi hampir 90% dalam waktu kurang dari 50 tahun<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a>—dan Oseania.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Keseimbangan_kekuasaan_(hubungan_internasional)" title="Keseimbangan kekuasaan (hubungan internasional)">Keseimbangan kekuatan</a> yang renggang di antara negara-negara Eropa runtuh pada tahun 1914 dengan pecahnya <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_I" title="Perang Dunia I">Perang Dunia Pertama</a>, yang merupakan salah satu konflik paling mematikan dalam sejarah.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> Pada tahun 1930-an, <a href="/wiki/Depresi_Besar" title="Depresi Besar">krisis ekonomi di seluruh dunia</a> menyebabkan munculnya rezim <a href="/wiki/Otoritarianisme" title="Otoritarianisme">otoriter</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_II" title="Perang Dunia II">Perang Dunia Kedua</a>, yang melibatkan <a href="/wiki/Daftar_negara_yang_terlibat_dalam_Perang_Dunia_II" title="Daftar negara yang terlibat dalam Perang Dunia II">hampir semua negara di dunia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Setelah berakhir pada tahun 1945, <a href="/wiki/Perang_Dingin" title="Perang Dingin">Perang Dingin</a> antara <a href="/wiki/Uni_Soviet" title="Uni Soviet">Uni Soviet</a> dan Amerika Serikat menjadi ajang perebutan pengaruh global, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Perlombaan_senjata_nuklir" title="Perlombaan senjata nuklir">perlombaan senjata nuklir</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Perlombaan_Antariksa" title="Perlombaan Antariksa">kompetisi antariksa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <a href="/wiki/Era_Informasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Era Informasi">Era Informasi</a> saat ini membuat dunia menjadi semakin ter<a href="/wiki/Globalisasi" title="Globalisasi">globalisasi</a> dan saling terhubung.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat_dan_populasi">Habitat dan populasi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Habitat dan populasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Habitat dan populasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Demografi" title="Demografi">Demografi</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r22657712">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Statistik populasi<a href="#cite_note-107">[n 1]</a></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:People%27s_-Km%C2%B2_for_all_countries_(and_us_states,_uk_kingdoms).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/People%27s_-Km%C2%B2_for_all_countries_%28and_us_states%2C_uk_kingdoms%29.png/300px-People%27s_-Km%C2%B2_for_all_countries_%28and_us_states%2C_uk_kingdoms%29.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/People%27s_-Km%C2%B2_for_all_countries_%28and_us_states%2C_uk_kingdoms%29.png/450px-People%27s_-Km%C2%B2_for_all_countries_%28and_us_states%2C_uk_kingdoms%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/People%27s_-Km%C2%B2_for_all_countries_%28and_us_states%2C_uk_kingdoms%29.png/600px-People%27s_-Km%C2%B2_for_all_countries_%28and_us_states%2C_uk_kingdoms%29.png 2x" data-file-width="5489" data-file-height="2866" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Populasi dunia</th><td class="infobox-data">8.2 miliar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kepadatan populasi</th><td class="infobox-data">16/km2 <pre>dengan area total 55/km2 </pre> dengan area tanah</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Kota-kota terbesar<a href="#cite_note-109">[n 2]</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kairo" title="Kairo">Kairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dhaka" title="Dhaka">Dhaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City">New York</a>-<a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karachi" title="Karachi">Karachi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolkata" title="Kolkata">Kolkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>-<a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_California" title="Santa Ana, California">Santa Ana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangalore" class="mw-redirect" title="Bangalore">Bangalore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lima" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lima">Lima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bogot%C3%A1" title="Bogotá">Bogota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Pemukiman manusia awal bergantung pada kedekatan jaraknya dengan <a href="/wiki/Sumber_daya_air" title="Sumber daya air">air</a> dan—tergantung pada gaya hidup—juga <a href="/wiki/Sumber_daya_alam" title="Sumber daya alam">sumber daya alam</a> lain yang diperlukan untuk <a href="/wiki/Subsistensi" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsistensi">bertahan hidup</a>, seperti populasi <a href="/wiki/Perburuan" title="Perburuan">hewan buruan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lahan_subur" title="Lahan subur">lahan subur</a> untuk bercocok tanam dan menggembalakan ternak.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> Namun, manusia modern memiliki kapasitas yang besar untuk mengubah <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a> mereka melalui teknologi, <a href="/wiki/Irigasi" title="Irigasi">irigasi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perencanaan_kota" class="mw-redirect" title="Perencanaan kota">perencanaan kota</a>, konstruksi, <a href="/wiki/Penggundulan_hutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Penggundulan hutan">penggundulan hutan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Penggurunan" title="Penggurunan">penggurunan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pemukiman_manusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemukiman manusia">Pemukiman manusia</a> senantiasa rentan terhadap <a href="/wiki/Bencana_alam" title="Bencana alam">bencana alam</a>, terutama yang berada di lokasi rawan dan dengan kualitas konstruksi yang rendah.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> Pengelompokan dan perubahan habitat yang disengaja sering kali dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memberikan perlindungan, meningkatkan kenyamanan atau kekayaan materi, memperbanyak jumlah makanan yang tersedia, menambah <a href="/wiki/Estetika" title="Estetika">estetika</a>, memperluas ilmu pengetahuan, atau mendorong pertukaran sumber daya.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> Meskipun memiliki toleransi yang rendah terhadap banyak kondisi lingkungan yang ekstrem di bumi, manusia adalah salah satu spesies yang paling mudah ber<a href="/wiki/Adaptasi" title="Adaptasi">adaptasi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:10-114">[112]</a> Melalui alat-alat canggih, manusia telah mampu meningkatkan toleransi mereka terhadap berbagai macam suhu, <a href="/wiki/Kelembapan" title="Kelembapan">kelembapan</a>, dan ketinggian.<a href="#cite_note-:10-114">[112]</a> Sebagai hasilnya, manusia menjadi spesies <a href="/wiki/Distribusi_kosmopolitan" title="Distribusi kosmopolitan">kosmopolitan</a> yang ditemukan di hampir semua wilayah di dunia, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Hutan_hujan_tropis" class="mw-redirect" title="Hutan hujan tropis">hutan hujan tropis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gurun" title="Gurun">gurun gersang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arktika" class="mw-redirect" title="Arktika">daerah kutub</a> yang sangat dingin, dan kota-kota yang sangat tercemar; sebagai perbandingan, sebagian besar spesies lain terbatas pada beberapa wilayah geografis karena kemampuan beradaptasinya yang terbatas.<a href="#cite_note-adapt1-115">[113]</a> Namun demikian, <a href="/wiki/Populasi_manusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Populasi manusia">populasi manusia</a> tidak terdistribusi secara merata di permukaan <a href="/wiki/Bumi" title="Bumi">bumi</a>, karena kepadatan populasi bervariasi dari satu wilayah ke wilayah lain, dan sebagian besar permukaan bumi hampir sama sekali tidak berpenghuni, seperti <a href="/wiki/Antartika" class="mw-redirect" title="Antartika">Antartika</a> dan lautan yang luas.<a href="#cite_note-:10-114">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> Sebagian besar manusia (61%) tinggal di Asia; sisanya tinggal di Amerika (14%), Afrika (14%), Eropa (11%), dan Oseania (0,5%).<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> Dalam satu abad terakhir, manusia telah menjelajahi berbagai lingkungan yang menantang seperti Antartika, <a href="/wiki/Laut_dalam" title="Laut dalam">laut dalam</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Luar_angkasa" title="Luar angkasa">luar angkasa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:11-118">[116]</a> Tempat tinggal manusia di lingkungan yang tidak bersahabat ini sangat terbatas dan berbiaya mahal, umumnya terbatas dalam jangka waktu tertentu, dan terbatas untuk ekspedisi <a href="/wiki/Ilmu" title="Ilmu">ilmiah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Militer" title="Militer">militer</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Industri" title="Industri">industri</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:11-118">[116]</a> Manusia telah mengunjungi <a href="/wiki/Penjelajahan_Bulan" title="Penjelajahan Bulan">Bulan</a> secara singkat, dan telah menunjukkan kehadirannya di beberapa <a href="/wiki/Objek_astronomi" title="Objek astronomi">benda langit</a> lainnya melalui <a href="/wiki/Wahana_antariksa_nirawak" title="Wahana antariksa nirawak">pesawat ruang angkasa robotik</a> buatan mereka.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> Sejak awal abad ke-20, telah terdapat kehadiran manusia secara kontinyu di Antartika melalui stasiun penelitian dan, sejak tahun 2000, di luar angkasa melalui habitasi di <a href="/wiki/Stasiun_Luar_Angkasa_Internasional" class="mw-redirect" title="Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional">Stasiun Luar Angkasa Internasional</a>.<a href="#cite_note-urlNASA-122">[120]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Distribution-of-earths-mammals.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Distribution-of-earths-mammals.png/220px-Distribution-of-earths-mammals.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Distribution-of-earths-mammals.png/330px-Distribution-of-earths-mammals.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Distribution-of-earths-mammals.png/440px-Distribution-of-earths-mammals.png 2x" data-file-width="2454" data-file-height="2360" /></a><figcaption>Manusia dan hewan yang mereka pelihara mewakili 96% dari seluruh biomassa mamalia di bumi, sedangkan seluruh mamalia liar hanya mewakili 4%.<a href="#cite_note-Bar-On-123">[121]</a></figcaption></figure> Pada saat pertanian muncul sekitar tahun 10.000 SM, jumlah penduduk dunia diperkirakan berkisar antara 1 juta hingga 15 juta jiwa.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> Pada abad ke-4 Masehi, sekitar 50-60 juta orang tinggal di <a href="/wiki/Kekaisaran_Romawi" title="Kekaisaran Romawi">Kekaisaran Romawi</a> Timur dan Barat.<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wabah_pes" class="mw-redirect" title="Wabah pes">Wabah pes</a>, yang pertama kali tercatat pada abad ke-6 Masehi, mengurangi populasi manusia hingga 50%, dengan 75-200 juta orang di <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Utara" title="Afrika Utara">Afrika Utara</a> tewas akibat wabah yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Maut_Hitam" class="mw-redirect" title="Maut Hitam">Maut Hitam</a> ini.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a> Populasi manusia diyakini mencapai satu miliar pada tahun 1800. Sejak saat itu jumlahnya terus meningkat secara eksponensial, mencapai dua miliar pada tahun 1930 dan tiga miliar pada tahun 1960, empat miliar pada tahun 1975, lima miliar pada tahun 1987, dan enam miliar pada tahun 1999.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> Jumlahnya mencapai tujuh miliar pada tahun 2011<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> dan delapan miliar pada November 2022.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> Dibutuhkan lebih dari dua juta tahun <a href="/wiki/Prasejarah" title="Prasejarah">prasejarah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_manusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sejarah manusia">sejarah manusia</a> untuk populasi mereka mencapai satu <a href="/wiki/Miliar" class="mw-redirect" title="Miliar">miliar</a> dan hanya butuh 207 tahun untuk mencapai 7 miliar.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> <a href="/wiki/Biomassa" title="Biomassa">Biomassa</a> gabungan dari karbon yang dihasilkan oleh seluruh manusia di Bumi pada tahun 2018 diperkirakan mencapai 60 juta ton, sekitar 10 kali lebih besar daripada yang dihasilkan oleh seluruh mamalia yang tidak didomestikasi.<a href="#cite_note-Bar-On-123">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologi">Biologi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Biologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Biologi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anatomi_dan_fisiologi">Anatomi dan fisiologi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Anatomi dan fisiologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Anatomi dan fisiologi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Tubuh_manusia" title="Tubuh manusia">Tubuh manusia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male,_with_labels_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male%2C_with_labels_2.png/220px-Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male%2C_with_labels_2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male%2C_with_labels_2.png/330px-Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male%2C_with_labels_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male%2C_with_labels_2.png/440px-Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male%2C_with_labels_2.png 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="867" /></a><figcaption>Fitur anatomi dasar manusia wanita dan pria. Kedua model ini telah dihilangkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rambut_tubuh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rambut tubuh (halaman belum tersedia)">rambut tubuhnya</a>, serta <a href="/wiki/Rambut_wajah" title="Rambut wajah">rambut wajahnya</a> untuk pria, dan dipangkas rambut kepalanya. Model wanita mengenakan <a href="/wiki/Cat_kuku" title="Cat kuku">cat kuku</a> merah pada <a href="/wiki/Kuku" title="Kuku">kuku jari kakinya</a> dan sebuah cincin.</figcaption></figure> Sebagian besar aspek fisiologi manusia sangat <a href="/wiki/Homologi_(biologi)" title="Homologi (biologi)">mirip</a> dengan aspek fisiologi hewan. Tubuh manusia terdiri dari <a href="/wiki/Tungkai" title="Tungkai">kaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Batang_tubuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Batang tubuh">badan</a>, lengan, <a href="/wiki/Leher" title="Leher">leher</a>, dan kepala. Tubuh manusia dewasa terdiri dari sekitar 100 triliun (1014) <a href="/wiki/Sel_(biologi)" title="Sel (biologi)">sel</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_biologi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem biologi (halaman belum tersedia)">Sistem tubuh</a> yang paling banyak didefinisikan pada manusia adalah <a href="/wiki/Sistem_saraf" title="Sistem saraf">sistem saraf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistem_peredaran_darah" title="Sistem peredaran darah">kardiovaskular</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistem_pencernaan" title="Sistem pencernaan">pencernaan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistem_endokrin" title="Sistem endokrin">endokrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistem_imun" title="Sistem imun">kekebalan tubuh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistem_integumen" title="Sistem integumen">integumen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistem_limfatik" title="Sistem limfatik">limfatik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistem_muskuloskeletal_manusia" title="Sistem muskuloskeletal manusia">muskuloskeletal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistem_reproduksi_manusia" title="Sistem reproduksi manusia">reproduksi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistem_pernapasan" title="Sistem pernapasan">pernafasan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_perkemihan" title="Sistem perkemihan">sistem kemih</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rumus_gigi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rumus gigi (halaman belum tersedia)">Rumus gigi</a> manusia adalah: 2.1.2.32.1.2.3. Manusia memiliki <a href="/wiki/Palatum" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatum">langit-langit mulut</a> yang lebih pendek secara proporsional dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gigi_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gigi manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">gigi</a> yang jauh lebih kecil daripada primata lainnya. Mereka adalah satu-satunya primata yang memiliki <a href="/wiki/Gigi_taring" title="Gigi taring">gigi taring</a> yang pendek dan relatif rata. Manusia memiliki karakteristik gigi yang berjejal, dengan celah dari gigi yang tanggal biasanya menutup dengan cepat pada individu yang masih muda. Manusia secara bertahap kehilangan <a href="/wiki/Gigi_bungsu" title="Gigi bungsu">gigi geraham ketiga</a> mereka, dengan beberapa individu tidak memiliki gigi geraham ketiga sejak lahir.<a href="#cite_note-Revolution-134">[132]</a> Sama seperti simpanse, manusia memiliki ekor <a href="/wiki/Vestigialitas" title="Vestigialitas">vestigial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umbai_cacing" title="Umbai cacing">usus buntu</a>, sendi bahu yang fleksibel, jari-jari yang menggenggam, dan <a href="/wiki/Ibu_jari" title="Ibu jari">jempol tangan yang berlawanan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> Terlepas dari bipedalisme dan ukuran otak, manusia memiliki perbedaan dengan simpanse dalam hal <a href="/wiki/Penciuman" title="Penciuman">penciuman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pendengaran" title="Pendengaran">pendengaran</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Pencernaan" title="Pencernaan">pencernaan</a> protein.<a href="#cite_note-O'Neil-136">[134]</a> Meskipun manusia memiliki kepadatan <a href="/wiki/Folikel_rambut" title="Folikel rambut">folikel rambut</a> yang sebanding dengan kera lainnya, sebagian besar merupakan <a href="/wiki/Rambut_vellus" title="Rambut vellus">rambut halus</a>, yang sebagian besar sangat pendek dan tipis sehingga hampir tidak terlihat.<a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> Manusia memiliki sekitar 2 juta <a href="/wiki/Kelenjar_keringat" title="Kelenjar keringat">kelenjar keringat</a> yang tersebar di seluruh tubuhnya, lebih banyak dari simpanse yang kelenjar keringatnya lebih sedikit dan sebagian besar terletak di telapak tangan dan telapak kaki.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> Diperkirakan bahwa <a href="/wiki/Tinggi_badan_manusia" title="Tinggi badan manusia">tinggi rata-rata manusia dewasa</a> berjenis kelamin laki-laki di seluruh dunia adalah sekitar 171 cm, sedangkan tinggi rata-rata manusia dewasa berjenis kelamin wanita sekitar 159 cm.<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> Penyusutan perawakan dapat dimulai pada usia paruh baya pada beberapa individu, tetapi cenderung terjadi pada mereka yang <a href="/wiki/Masa_tua" title="Masa tua">berusia lanjut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> Sepanjang sejarah, populasi manusia secara universal menjadi lebih tinggi, mungkin sebagai imbas dari nutrisi, perawatan kesehatan, dan kondisi kehidupan yang lebih baik.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> Massa rata-rata manusia dewasa adalah 59 kg untuk wanita dan 77 kg untuk pria.<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> Seperti banyak kondisi lainnya, berat badan dan tipe tubuh dipengaruhi oleh kerentanan genetik dan lingkungan, dan sangat bervariasi di antara setiap individu.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-Anes2000-146">[144]</a> Manusia memiliki lemparan yang jauh lebih cepat dan lebih akurat daripada hewan lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> Manusia juga merupakan pelari jarak jauh terbaik di dunia hewan, tetapi lebih lambat dalam jarak pendek.<a href="#cite_note-O'Neil-136">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> Rambut tubuh manusia yang lebih tipis dan kelenjar keringat yang lebih produktif membantu menghindari kelelahan akibat panas saat berlari jarak jauh.<a href="#cite_note-149">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Genetika">Genetika</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Genetika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Genetika">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetika_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetika manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Genetika manusia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png/220px-Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="364" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png/330px-Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png/440px-Human_karyotype_with_bands_and_sub-bands.png 2x" data-file-width="9684" data-file-height="16008" /></a><figcaption>Representasi grafis dari <a href="/wiki/Kariotipe" title="Kariotipe">kariotipe</a> standar manusia, termasuk kromosom seks perempuan (XX) dan laki-laki (XY) (kanan bawah), serta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Genetika_mitokondria_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genetika mitokondria manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">genom mitokondria</a> (ditampilkan dalam skala sebagai "MT" di kiri bawah).<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Informasi lebih lanjut: <a href="/wiki/Kariotipe" title="Kariotipe">Kariotipe</a></div></figcaption></figure> Seperti kebanyakan binatang, manusia adalah spesies <a href="/wiki/Diploid" title="Diploid">diploid</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota">eukariotik</a>. Setiap <a href="/wiki/Sel_somatik" title="Sel somatik">sel somatik</a> manusia memiliki dua set 23 <a href="/wiki/Kromosom" title="Kromosom">kromosom</a>, masing-masing set diterima dari satu orang tua; <a href="/wiki/Sel_gamet" title="Sel gamet">gamet</a> mereka hanya memiliki satu set kromosom, yang merupakan campuran dari dua set orang tua. Di antara 23 pasang kromosom tersebut, terdapat 22 pasang <a href="/w/index.php?title=Autosom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autosom (halaman belum tersedia)">autosom</a> dan satu pasang <a href="/wiki/Sistem_penentuan_kelamin" title="Sistem penentuan kelamin">kromosom kelamin</a>. Seperti mamalia lainnya, manusia memiliki <a href="/wiki/Sistem_penentuan_jenis_kelamin_XY" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistem penentuan jenis kelamin XY">sistem penentuan jenis kelamin XY</a>, di mana perempuan memiliki kromosom seks XX dan laki-laki memiliki XY.<a href="#cite_note-Therman1980-150">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">Gen</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Lingkungan_biofisik" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingkungan biofisik">lingkungan</a> mempengaruhi variasi biologis manusia dalam karakteristik yang tampak, fisiologi, kerentanan terhadap penyakit, dan kemampuan mental. Pengaruh <a href="/wiki/Lingkungan_biofisik" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingkungan biofisik">gen dan lingkungan</a> yang pasti pada sifat-sifat tertentu masih belum dipahami sepenuhnya.<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> Meskipun tidak ada manusia-bahkan <a href="/wiki/Kembar" title="Kembar">kembar monozigot</a> sekalipun-yang identik secara genetik,<a href="#cite_note-153">[151]</a> dua manusia rata-rata memiliki kesamaan genetik 99,5%-99,9%.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[153]</a> Hal ini membuat mereka lebih <a href="/w/index.php?title=Variasi_genetika_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Variasi genetika manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">homogen</a> dibandingkan kera besar lainnya, termasuk simpanse.<a href="#cite_note-REGWG2005-156">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-oxf-157">[155]</a> Variasi kecil dalam DNA manusia jika dibandingkan dengan banyak spesies lain menunjukkan adanya <a href="/wiki/Hambatan_populasi" title="Hambatan populasi">hambatan populasi</a> selama masa <a href="/wiki/Pleistosen_Akhir" title="Pleistosen Akhir">Pleistosen Akhir</a> (sekitar 100.000 tahun yang lalu), ketika populasi manusia berkurang menjadi sejumlah kecil pasangan yang berkembang biak.<a href="#cite_note-Harpending1998-158">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jorde1997-159">[157]</a> Kekuatan <a href="/wiki/Seleksi_alam" title="Seleksi alam">seleksi alam</a> terus bekerja pada populasi manusia, dengan bukti bahwa daerah tertentu pada <a href="/wiki/Genom" title="Genom">genom</a> menunjukkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Seleksi_terarah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seleksi terarah (halaman belum tersedia)">seleksi terarah</a> dalam 15.000 tahun terakhir.<a href="#cite_note-urlNYT-160">[158]</a> <a href="/wiki/Genom_manusia" title="Genom manusia">Genom manusia</a> pertama kali diurutkan pada tahun 2001<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> dan pada tahun 2020, ratusan ribu genom telah diurutkan.<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> Pada tahun 2012, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proyek_HapMap_Internasional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proyek HapMap Internasional (halaman belum tersedia)">Proyek HapMap Internasional</a> telah membandingkan genom 1.184 individu dari 11 populasi dan mengidentifikasi 1,6 juta <a href="/wiki/Polimorfisme_nukleotida_tunggal" title="Polimorfisme nukleotida tunggal">polimorfisme nukleotida tunggal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a> Populasi Afrika memiliki jumlah varian genetik pribadi yang paling banyak. Meskipun banyak varian umum yang ditemukan pada populasi di luar Afrika juga ditemukan di benua Afrika, masih ada sejumlah besar varian yang bersifat pribadi di wilayah-wilayah lain tersebut, terutama <a href="/wiki/Oseania" title="Oseania">Oseania</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Amerika_(benua)" title="Amerika (benua)">Amerika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bergstrom2020-164">[162]</a> Menurut perkiraan tahun 2010, manusia memiliki sekitar 22.000 gen.<a href="#cite_note-Pertea2010-165">[163]</a> Dengan membandingkan <a href="/wiki/DNA_mitokondria" title="DNA mitokondria">DNA mitokondria</a>, yang hanya diwarisi dari ibu, para ahli genetika menyimpulkan bahwa nenek moyang perempuan terakhir yang <a href="/wiki/Penanda_genetik" title="Penanda genetik">penanda genetiknya</a> ditemukan pada semua manusia modern, yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Eva_mitokondria" class="mw-redirect" title="Eva mitokondria">Hawa mitokondria</a>, pasti hidup sekitar 90.000 hingga 200.000 tahun yang lalu.<a href="#cite_note-pmid3025745-166">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-poz-169">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Siklus_hidup">Siklus hidup</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Siklus hidup" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Siklus hidup">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/wiki/Kelahiran_anak" title="Kelahiran anak">Kelahiran anak</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Harapan_hidup" title="Harapan hidup">Harapan hidup</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Tubal_Pregnancy_with_embryo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tubal_Pregnancy_with_embryo.jpg/220px-Tubal_Pregnancy_with_embryo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tubal_Pregnancy_with_embryo.jpg/330px-Tubal_Pregnancy_with_embryo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Tubal_Pregnancy_with_embryo.jpg/440px-Tubal_Pregnancy_with_embryo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1874" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Embrio" title="Embrio">Embrio</a> manusia berusia 5 minggu berukuran 10 mm</figcaption></figure> Sebagian besar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reproduksi_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reproduksi manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">reproduksi manusia</a> terjadi melalui <a href="/wiki/Pembuahan_internal" title="Pembuahan internal">pembuahan internal</a> melalui <a href="/wiki/Hubungan_seksual" class="mw-redirect" title="Hubungan seksual">hubungan seksual</a>, tetapi juga dapat terjadi melalui prosedur <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teknologi_reproduksi_bantuan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teknologi reproduksi bantuan (halaman belum tersedia)">teknologi reproduksi bantuan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-She2016-170">[168]</a> Masa <a href="/wiki/Kehamilan" title="Kehamilan">kehamilan</a> rata-rata adalah 38 minggu, tetapi kehamilan normal dapat bervariasi hingga 37 hari.<a href="#cite_note-171">[169]</a> Perkembangan embrio pada manusia terjadi selama delapan minggu pertama; pada awal minggu kesembilan, embrio disebut sebagai <a href="/wiki/Janin" title="Janin">janin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nursing-172">[170]</a> Manusia dapat mendorong persalinan dini atau melakukan <a href="/wiki/Operasi_caesar" class="mw-redirect" title="Operasi caesar">operasi caesar</a> jika anak perlu dilahirkan lebih awal karena alasan medis.<a href="#cite_note-WHO2014-173">[171]</a> Di negara maju, <a href="/wiki/Bayi" title="Bayi">bayi</a> biasanya memiliki berat badan 3–4 kg dan tinggi 47–53 cm saat lahir.<a href="#cite_note-174">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-175">[173]</a> Namun, berat badan bayi lahir yang rendah lazim terjadi di negara-negara berkembang, dan berkontribusi pada tingginya angka <a href="/wiki/Kematian_bayi" title="Kematian bayi">kematian bayi</a> di wilayah tersebut.<a href="#cite_note-Khor2003-176">[174]</a> Dibandingkan dengan spesies lain, proses persalinan pada manusia lebih riskan, dengan lebih tingginya risiko komplikasi dan kematian.<a href="#cite_note-177">[175]</a> Ukuran kepala janin lebih dekat dengan <a href="/wiki/Panggul" title="Panggul">panggul</a> daripada primata lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-Pavlicev-178">[176]</a> Penyebabnya belum sepenuhnya dipahami,<a href="#cite_note-Pavlicev-178">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[177]</a> tetapi hal ini berkontribusi pada persalinan yang menyakitkan yang dapat berlangsung selama 24 jam atau lebih.<a href="#cite_note-180">[178]</a> Selama abad 20 peluang akan suksesnya persalinan meningkat secara signifikan di negara-negara yang lebih makmur dengan munculnya teknologi medis baru. Sebaliknya, kehamilan dan persalinan alami masih menjadi hal yang berisiko tinggi di negara-negara berkembang di dunia, dengan angka kematian ibu sekitar 100 kali lebih besar dibandingkan di negara maju.<a href="#cite_note-Rush2000-181">[179]</a> Baik ibu maupun ayah manusia sama-sama mengasuh anak mereka, berbeda dengan primata lain yang sebagian besar pengasuhannya dilakukan oleh ibu.<a href="#cite_note-182">[180]</a> Manusia terlahir dalam keadaan tidak berdaya, yang kemudian terus tumbuh selama beberapa tahun, dan mencapai <a href="/wiki/Kematangan_seksual" title="Kematangan seksual">kematangan seksual</a> umumnya pada usia 15 hingga 17 tahun.<a href="#cite_note-Kail-183">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schuiling-184">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-Phillips-185">[183]</a> Rentang hidup manusia telah dibagi menjadi beberapa tahap mulai dari tiga hingga dua belas tahun. Tahapan yang umum meliputi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masa_bayi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masa bayi (halaman belum tersedia)">masa bayi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masa_kanak-kanak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masa kanak-kanak (halaman belum tersedia)">masa kanak-kanak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masa_remaja" class="mw-redirect" title="Masa remaja">masa remaja</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Masa_dewasa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masa dewasa (halaman belum tersedia)">masa dewasa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Masa_tua" title="Masa tua">masa tua</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[184]</a> Panjangnya tahapan ini bervariasi di berbagai budaya dan periode waktu, tetapi ditandai dengan lonjakan pertumbuhan yang luar biasa cepat selama masa remaja.<a href="#cite_note-187">[185]</a> Perempuan manusia mengalami <a href="/wiki/Menopause" title="Menopause">menopause</a> dan menjadi <a href="/wiki/Kemandulan" title="Kemandulan">tidak lagi subur</a> pada sekitar usia 50 tahun.<a href="#cite_note-188">[186]</a> Terdapat hipotesis yang menyatakan bahwa menopause meningkatkan keberhasilan reproduksi wanita secara keseluruhan dengan memungkinkannya menginvestasikan lebih banyak waktu dan sumber daya untuk keturunannya, dan pada gilirannya anak-anak dari keturunannya (<a href="/wiki/Hipotesis_nenek" title="Hipotesis nenek">hipotesis nenek</a>), dibandingkan dengan terus melahirkan anak hingga usia tua.<a href="#cite_note-Diamond1997-189">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-Peccei2001-190">[188]</a> Rentang hidup manusia bergantung pada dua faktor utama, yaitu genetika dan pilihan gaya hidup.<a href="#cite_note-USC-191">[189]</a> Dikarenakan berbagai alasan, termasuk biologis/genetik, wanita hidup rata-rata sekitar empat tahun lebih lama daripada pria.<a href="#cite_note-192">[190]</a> Hingga tahun 2018, harapan hidup rata-rata perempuan di seluruh dunia saat lahir diperkirakan mencapai 74,9 tahun dibandingkan dengan 70,4 tahun untuk anak laki-laki.<a href="#cite_note-193">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[192]</a> Terdapat variasi geografis yang signifikan dalam harapan hidup manusia, yang sebagian besar berkorelasi dengan perkembangan ekonomi-misalnya, harapan hidup saat lahir di Hong Kong adalah 87,6 tahun untuk anak perempuan dan 81,8 tahun untuk anak laki-laki, sementara di <a href="/wiki/Republik_Afrika_Tengah" class="mw-redirect" title="Republik Afrika Tengah">Republik Afrika Tengah</a>, 55,0 tahun untuk anak perempuan dan 50,6 tahun untuk anak laki-laki.<a href="#cite_note-195">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-MLT-196">[194]</a> Negara maju umumnya mengalami penuaan, dengan usia rata-rata sekitar 40 tahun. Di <a href="/wiki/Dunia_Ketiga" title="Dunia Ketiga">negara berkembang</a>, usia rata-rata adalah antara 15 dan 20 tahun. Sementara satu dari lima orang Eropa berusia 60 tahun atau lebih, hanya satu dari dua puluh orang Afrika yang berusia 60 tahun atau lebih.<a href="#cite_note-197">[195]</a> Pada tahun 2012, Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa memperkirakan ada 316.600 <a href="/wiki/Centenarian" title="Centenarian">manusia berusia seratus tahun atau lebih</a> yang masih hidup di seluruh dunia.<a href="#cite_note-WORLD2012-198">[196]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="width: 80%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; border: none;"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Tahapan hidup manusia </th></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Redheaded_child_mesmerized_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Redheaded_child_mesmerized_2.jpg/100px-Redheaded_child_mesmerized_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Redheaded_child_mesmerized_2.jpg/150px-Redheaded_child_mesmerized_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Redheaded_child_mesmerized_2.jpg/200px-Redheaded_child_mesmerized_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1552" data-file-height="1601" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA_(%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA_%28%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%29.jpg/100px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA_%28%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA_%28%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%29.jpg/150px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA_%28%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA_%28%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%29.jpg/200px-%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BA_%28%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="622" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Boy_in_Dar_es_Salaam_(14453809622).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Boy_in_Dar_es_Salaam_%2814453809622%29.jpg/100px-Boy_in_Dar_es_Salaam_%2814453809622%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Boy_in_Dar_es_Salaam_%2814453809622%29.jpg/151px-Boy_in_Dar_es_Salaam_%2814453809622%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Boy_in_Dar_es_Salaam_%2814453809622%29.jpg/200px-Boy_in_Dar_es_Salaam_%2814453809622%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pataxo001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Pataxo001.jpg/100px-Pataxo001.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Pataxo001.jpg/150px-Pataxo001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Pataxo001.jpg/200px-Pataxo001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1651" data-file-height="2446" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:An_old_age.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/An_old_age.JPG/100px-An_old_age.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/An_old_age.JPG/150px-An_old_age.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/An_old_age.JPG/200px-An_old_age.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2896" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Baby_playing_with_yellow_paint._Work_by_Dutch_artist_Peter_Klashorst_entitled_%22Experimental%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Baby_playing_with_yellow_paint._Work_by_Dutch_artist_Peter_Klashorst_entitled_%22Experimental%22.jpg/100px-Baby_playing_with_yellow_paint._Work_by_Dutch_artist_Peter_Klashorst_entitled_%22Experimental%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Baby_playing_with_yellow_paint._Work_by_Dutch_artist_Peter_Klashorst_entitled_%22Experimental%22.jpg/150px-Baby_playing_with_yellow_paint._Work_by_Dutch_artist_Peter_Klashorst_entitled_%22Experimental%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Baby_playing_with_yellow_paint._Work_by_Dutch_artist_Peter_Klashorst_entitled_%22Experimental%22.jpg/200px-Baby_playing_with_yellow_paint._Work_by_Dutch_artist_Peter_Klashorst_entitled_%22Experimental%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3328" data-file-height="4992" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Ethnie_dong_6511a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ethnie_dong_6511a.jpg/100px-Ethnie_dong_6511a.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ethnie_dong_6511a.jpg/150px-Ethnie_dong_6511a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Ethnie_dong_6511a.jpg/200px-Ethnie_dong_6511a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Portrait_of_a_Persian_lady_in_Iran,_10-08-2006_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Portrait_of_a_Persian_lady_in_Iran%2C_10-08-2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Portrait_of_a_Persian_lady_in_Iran%2C_10-08-2006_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Portrait_of_a_Persian_lady_in_Iran%2C_10-08-2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/151px-Portrait_of_a_Persian_lady_in_Iran%2C_10-08-2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Portrait_of_a_Persian_lady_in_Iran%2C_10-08-2006_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-Portrait_of_a_Persian_lady_in_Iran%2C_10-08-2006_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1446" data-file-height="2062" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Punjabi_woman_smile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Punjabi_woman_smile.jpg/100px-Punjabi_woman_smile.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Punjabi_woman_smile.jpg/150px-Punjabi_woman_smile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Punjabi_woman_smile.jpg/201px-Punjabi_woman_smile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:HappyPensioneer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HappyPensioneer.jpg/100px-HappyPensioneer.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HappyPensioneer.jpg/149px-HappyPensioneer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/HappyPensioneer.jpg/199px-HappyPensioneer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="447" data-file-height="592" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <td style="width: 20%"><a href="/wiki/Bayi" title="Bayi">Bayi</a> laki-laki dan perempuan </td> <td style="width: 20%">Anak laki-laki dan perempuan sebelum <a href="/wiki/Pubertas" title="Pubertas">pubertas</a> </td> <td style="width: 20%">Laki-laki dan perempuan <a href="/wiki/Remaja" title="Remaja">remaja</a> </td> <td style="width: 20%">Laki-laki dan perempuan <a href="/wiki/Dewasa" title="Dewasa">dewasa</a> </td> <td style="width: 20%">Laki-laki dan perempuan <a href="/wiki/Lansia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lansia">lansia</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Makanan">Makanan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Makanan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Makanan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Gizi_manusia" title="Gizi manusia">Gizi manusia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Preparing_The_Feast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Preparing_The_Feast.jpg/220px-Preparing_The_Feast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Preparing_The_Feast.jpg/330px-Preparing_The_Feast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Preparing_The_Feast.jpg/440px-Preparing_The_Feast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Manusia yang tinggal di <a href="/wiki/Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, sedang menyiapkan makanan</figcaption></figure> Manusia adalah omnivora, yang mampu mengkonsumsi berbagai macam tumbuhan dan hewan.<a href="#cite_note-199">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[198]</a> Kelompok-kelompok manusia telah mengadopsi berbagai pola makan dari yang <a href="/wiki/Vegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegan">sepenuhnya vegetarian</a>, hingga <a href="/wiki/Karnivora" class="mw-redirect" title="Karnivora">karnivora</a> secara primer. Dalam beberapa kasus, pembatasan pola makan dapat menyebabkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Penyakit_defisiensi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Penyakit defisiensi (halaman belum tersedia)">penyakit defisiensi</a> pada manusia; namun, kelompok manusia stabil telah beradaptasi dengan banyak pola makan melalui spesialisasi genetik dan konvensi budaya untuk menggunakan sumber makanan yang bergizi seimbang.<a href="#cite_note-201">[199]</a> Pola makan manusia tercermin secara mencolok dalam budaya manusia dan telah mengarah pada pengembangan <a href="/wiki/Ilmu_pangan" title="Ilmu pangan">ilmu pangan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:13-202">[200]</a> Hingga perkembangan pertanian sekitar 10.000 tahun yang lalu, Homo sapiens menggunakan metode beburu-mengumpulkan sebagai satu-satunya cara mereka mengumpulkan makanan.<a href="#cite_note-:13-202">[200]</a> Cara ini melibatkan kombinasi sumber makanan yang tidak bergerak (seperti buah-buahan, biji-bijian, umbi-umbian, jamur, larva serangga, dan moluska air) dengan hewan liar, yang harus diburu dan ditangkap untuk disantap.<a href="#cite_note-203">[201]</a> Diperkirakan bahwa manusia telah menggunakan api untuk menyiapkan dan <a href="/wiki/Memasak" title="Memasak">memasak</a> makanan sejak zaman <a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-204">[202]</a> Sekitar sepuluh ribu tahun yang lalu, <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_pertanian" title="Sejarah pertanian">manusia mengembangkan pertanian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-205">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[205]</a> yang secara substansial mengubah pola makan mereka. Perubahan pola makan ini bisa jadi juga telah mengubah biologi manusia; dengan menyebarnya <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peternakan_sapi_perah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peternakan sapi perah (halaman belum tersedia)">peternakan sapi perah</a> yang menyediakan sumber makanan baru dan berlimpah, yang mengarah pada evolusi kemampuan mencerna <a href="/wiki/Laktosa" title="Laktosa">laktosa</a> pada sebagian orang dewasa.<a href="#cite_note-208">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[207]</a> Jenis makanan yang dikonsumsi, dan bagaimana makanan tersebut disiapkan, sangat bervariasi menurut waktu, lokasi, dan budaya.<a href="#cite_note-210">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-211">[209]</a> Secara umum, manusia, dapat bertahan hidup hingga delapan minggu tanpa makanan, tergantung pada lemak tubuh yang tersimpan.<a href="#cite_note-212">[210]</a> Sedangkan tanpa air, manusia biasanya hanya dapat bertahan hidup maksimum selama satu minggu.<a href="#cite_note-213">[211]</a> Pada tahun 2020 diperkirakan 9 juta manusia meninggal setiap tahun disebabkan oleh <a href="/wiki/Kelaparan" title="Kelaparan">kelaparan</a>, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.<a href="#cite_note-214">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[213]</a> Malnutrisi pada anak juga banyak terjadi dan berkontribusi terhadap <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beban_penyakit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beban penyakit (halaman belum tersedia)">beban penyakit global</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[214]</a> Akan tetapi, distribusi makanan tidaklah merata secara global, dan beberapa populasi manusia ada yang mengalami <a href="/wiki/Obesitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Obesitas">obesitas</a> dan hal ini telah meningkat dengan cepat. Obesitas disebabkan oleh konsumsi kalori yang lebih banyak daripada yang dibakar dan dikeluarkan.<a href="#cite_note-Haslam-217">[215]</a> Hal ini menyebabkan komplikasi kesehatan dan peningkatan angka kematian di sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Negara_maju" title="Negara maju">negara maju</a> dan sebagian kecil <a href="/wiki/Negara_berkembang" title="Negara berkembang">negara berkembang</a>. Di seluruh dunia, lebih dari satu miliar orang mengalami obesitas,<a href="#cite_note-Haslam-217">[215]</a> sementara di Amerika Serikat sendiri, 35% orang mengalami obesitas, yang menyebabkan peristiwa ini dinamai di sana sebagai “<a href="/w/index.php?title=Epidemiologi_obesitas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epidemiologi obesitas (halaman belum tersedia)">pandemi obesitas</a>”.<a href="#cite_note-Catenacci-218">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Variasi_biologis">Variasi biologis</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bagian: Variasi biologis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Variasi biologis">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Variasi_genetika_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Variasi genetika manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Variasi genetika manusia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Genetic_Variation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Genetic_Variation.jpg/220px-Genetic_Variation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Genetic_Variation.jpg/330px-Genetic_Variation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Genetic_Variation.jpg/440px-Genetic_Variation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1057" data-file-height="619" /></a><figcaption>Perubahan jumlah dan urutan gen (A-D) menciptakan keragaman genetik di dalam dan di antara populasi.</figcaption></figure> Terdapat variasi biologis pada spesies manusia, seperti pada <a href="/wiki/Golongan_darah" title="Golongan darah">golongan darah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Penyakit_genetik" title="Penyakit genetik">penyakit genetik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tengkorak_manusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tengkorak manusia">ciri-ciri tengkorak</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wajah_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wajah manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">ciri-ciri wajah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sistem_organ" title="Sistem organ">sistem organ</a> tubuh, <a href="/wiki/Warna_mata" title="Warna mata">warna mata</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Warna_rambut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Warna rambut (halaman belum tersedia)">warna</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tekstur_rambut&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tekstur rambut (halaman belum tersedia)">tekstur rambut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tinggi_manusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinggi manusia">tinggi badan</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Warna_kulit_manusia" title="Warna kulit manusia">warna kulit</a> yang bervariasi di seluruh dunia. Tinggi badan manusia dewasa pada umumnya adalah antara 140 hingga 190 cm, meskipun hal ini sangat bervariasi tergantung pada jenis kelamin, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asal_etnis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asal etnis (halaman belum tersedia)">asal etnis</a>, dan garis keturunan keluarga.<a href="#cite_note-219">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-adapt2-220">[218]</a> Ukuran tubuh sebagian ditentukan oleh gen dan juga secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan seperti <a href="/wiki/Pola_makan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pola makan">pola makan</a>, olahraga, dan <a href="/wiki/Pola_tidur" title="Pola tidur">pola tidur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[219]</a> Berdasarkan bukti yang ada, terdapat populasi-populasi yang telah beradaptasi secara genetik terhadap berbagai faktor eksternal. Gen yang memungkinkan manusia dewasa mencerna <a href="/wiki/Laktosa" title="Laktosa">laktosa</a> berada dalam frekuensi tinggi pada populasi yang memiliki sejarah panjang domestikasi sapi dan memiliki ketergantungan pada <a href="/wiki/Susu_sapi" class="mw-redirect" title="Susu sapi">susu sapi</a> yang lebih tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-222">[220]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anemia_sel_sabit" title="Anemia sel sabit">Anemia sel sabit</a>, yang dapat meningkatkan resistensi terhadap <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, sering dijumpai pada populasi di tempat malaria menjadi <a href="/wiki/Endemisme" title="Endemisme">endemik</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hedrick_2011-223">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-Weatherall_2008-224">[222]</a> Populasi yang telah lama mendiami iklim tertentu cenderung mengembangkan fenotipe spesifik yang bermanfaat untuk keberlangsungan hidup di lingkungan tersebut, seperti perawakan pendek dan kekar di populasi daerah dingin, tinggi dan kurus di populasi daerah panas, serta kapasitas paru-paru yang besar atau adaptasi lainnya di populasi dataran tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-225">[223]</a> Beberapa populasi lainnya telah mengembangkan adaptasi yang sangat unik terhadap kondisi lingkungan yang sangat spesifik, seperti adaptasi yang menguntungkan bagi masyarakat yang gaya hidupnya menghabiskan banyak waktunya di laut dan kerap melakukan <a href="/wiki/Selam_bebas" title="Selam bebas">selam bebas</a>, seperti pada populasi di <a href="/wiki/Suku_Bajau" title="Suku Bajau">Bajau</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ilardo2018-226">[224]</a> Warna rambut manusia berkisar dari <a href="/wiki/Rambut_merah" title="Rambut merah">merah</a> ke <a href="/wiki/Pirang" title="Pirang">pirang</a> hingga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rambut_cokelat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rambut cokelat (halaman belum tersedia)">cokelat</a> ke <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rambut_hitam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rambut hitam (halaman belum tersedia)">hitam</a>, yang mana adalah yang paling banyak.<a href="#cite_note-227">[225]</a> Warna rambut tergantung pada jumlah <a href="/wiki/Melanin" title="Melanin">melanin</a>, yang konsentrasinya akan menurun seiring bertambahnya usia. Penurunan konsentrasi melanin ini pada akhirnya menyebabkan rambut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rambut_abu-abu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rambut abu-abu (halaman belum tersedia)">beruban</a> atau menjadi putih sepenuhnya. Warna kulit dapat berkisar dari <a href="/wiki/Kulit_gelap" title="Kulit gelap">cokelat paling gelap</a> hingga <a href="/wiki/Kuning_blewah" title="Kuning blewah">warna persik</a> paling terang, atau bahkan hampir putih atau tidak berwarna dalam kasus <a href="/wiki/Albinisme" title="Albinisme">albinisme</a>.<a href="#cite_note-roberts1-228">[226]</a> Warna kulit cenderung bervariasi secara klinis dan umumnya berkorelasi dengan tingkat radiasi ultraviolet di wilayah geografis tertentu, dengan kulit yang lebih gelap sebagian besar berada di sekitar khatulistiwa.<a href="#cite_note-jabl04-229">[227]</a> Evolusi penggelapan kulit mungkin terjadi sebagai bentuk perlindungan terhadap sengatan <a href="/wiki/Sinar_matahari" title="Sinar matahari">sinar matahari</a>.<a href="#cite_note-230">[228]</a> Sedangkan pigmentasi kulit cerah bertujuan untuk melindungi kulit dari kerusakan akibat kekurangan <a href="/wiki/Vitamin_D" title="Vitamin D">vitamin D</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[229]</a> Kulit manusia juga memiliki kemampuan untuk menggelap sebagai respons terhadap paparan radiasi ultraviolet.<a href="#cite_note-232">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[231]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Seti1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Seti1a.jpg/220px-Seti1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Seti1a.jpg/330px-Seti1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Seti1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="253" /></a><figcaption>Lukisan mural pada makam <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a> oleh pelukis tak dikenal, menggambarkan dari kiri ke kanan orang <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>, orang <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>, orang <a href="/wiki/Syam" title="Syam">Suriah</a>, dan orang <a href="/wiki/Mesir_Kuno" title="Mesir Kuno">Mesir</a>.</figcaption></figure>Penelitian genetik telah menunjukkan bahwa populasi manusia yang berasal dari benua Afrika adalah yang paling beragam secara genetik<a href="#cite_note-Jorde2000-234">[232]</a> dan keragaman genetik menurun seiring dengan jarak migrasi dari Afrika, kemungkinan disebabkan oleh hambatan selama migrasi manusia.<a href="#cite_note-sciencedaily.com-235">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[234]</a> Populasi non-Afrika ini memperoleh masukan genetik baru dari percampuran dengan populasi purba setempat dan memiliki tingkat keragaman genetik Neanderthal dan Denisova yang jauh lebih tinggi daripada yang ditemukan di Afrika.<a href="#cite_note-Bergstrom20202-237">[235]</a> Selain itu, penelitian terbaru menemukan bahwa masyarakat di <a href="/wiki/Sub-Sahara_Afrika" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Sahara Afrika">sub-Sahara Afrika</a>, khususnya <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Barat" title="Afrika Barat">Afrika Barat</a>, memiliki keragaman genetik leluhur yang tidak ditemukan pada sebagian besar masyarakat non-Afrika. Sebagian dari leluhur ini diperkirakan berasal dari percampuran dengan hominin purba yang tidak diketahui yang berbeda sebelum perpecahan Neanderthal dan manusia modern.<a href="#cite_note-Bergstrom2020a-238">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-Durvasula2020-239">[237]</a> Manusia adalah spesies <a href="/wiki/Gonokorisme" title="Gonokorisme">gonokorik</a>, yang berarti mereka terbagi menjadi <a href="/wiki/Jenis_kelamin" title="Jenis kelamin">jenis kelamin</a> laki-laki dan perempuan.<a href="#cite_note-240">[238]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[240]</a> Tingkat variasi genetik terbesar manusia ada di antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Meskipun variasi genetik nukleotida individu dengan jenis kelamin yang sama di seluruh populasi global tidak lebih besar dari 0,1%-0,5%, perbedaan genetik antara pria dan wanita adalah antara 1% dan 2%. Laki-laki rata-rata 15% lebih berat dan 15 cm lebih tinggi dari perempuan.<a href="#cite_note-Gustafsson-243">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-NHANES_III_data-244">[242]</a> Rata-rata, bila dibandingkan dengan perempuan dengan berat badan yang sama, laki-laki memiliki kekuatan tubuh bagian atas sekitar 40-50% lebih besar dan kekuatan tubuh bagian bawah 20-30% lebih besar, hal ini dikarenakan jumlah otot laki-laki yang lebih banyak dan serat otot yang lebih besar.<a href="#cite_note-245">[243]</a> Wanita umumnya memiliki persentase lemak tubuh yang lebih tinggi daripada pria.<a href="#cite_note-246">[244]</a> Wanita memiliki kulit yang lebih terang daripada pria pada populasi yang sama; hal ini disebabkan oleh kebutuhan vitamin D yang lebih tinggi pada wanita selama kehamilan dan menyusui.<a href="#cite_note-247">[245]</a> Karena ada perbedaan kromosom antara wanita dan pria, beberapa kondisi dan kelainan yang berhubungan dengan kromosom X dan Y hanya mempengaruhi pria atau wanita.<a href="#cite_note-248">[246]</a> Dengan mempertimbangkan berat badan dan volume, suara pria biasanya satu <a href="/wiki/Oktaf" title="Oktaf">oktaf</a> lebih dalam daripada suara wanita.<a href="#cite_note-249">[247]</a> Wanita memiliki rentang hidup yang lebih panjang di hampir setiap populasi di seluruh dunia.<a href="#cite_note-WHO-250">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psikologi">Psikologi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bagian: Psikologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Psikologi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Psikologi" title="Psikologi">Psikologi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:NIA_human_brain_drawing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NIA_human_brain_drawing.jpg/220px-NIA_human_brain_drawing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NIA_human_brain_drawing.jpg/330px-NIA_human_brain_drawing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/NIA_human_brain_drawing.jpg/440px-NIA_human_brain_drawing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="637" /></a><figcaption>Sketsa <a href="/wiki/Otak_manusia" title="Otak manusia">otak manusia</a>, menunjukkan beberapa struktur penting</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Otak_manusia" title="Otak manusia">Otak manusia</a>, yang merupakan titik fokus dari <a href="/wiki/Sistem_saraf_pusat" title="Sistem saraf pusat">sistem saraf pusat</a> pada manusia, berfungsi untuk mengendalikan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_saraf_tepi" title="Sistem saraf tepi">sistem saraf tepi</a>. Disamping mengendalikan aktivitas yang "lebih rendah", tidak disengaja, atau utamanya aktivitas otonom seperti pernapasan dan pencernaan, otak juga merupakan pusat dari fungsi yang "lebih tinggi" seperti pemikiran, penalaran, dan abstraksi.<a href="#cite_note-251">[249]</a> Proses-proses kognitif ini membentuk akal pikiran, dan, bersama dengan konsekuensi perilakunya, dipelajari dalam bidang <a href="/wiki/Psikologi" title="Psikologi">psikologi</a>. Manusia memiliki <a href="/wiki/Korteks_prefrontal" title="Korteks prefrontal">korteks prefrontal</a> yang lebih besar dan lebih berkembang daripada primata lainnya. Wilayah otak ini berkaitan dengan <a href="/wiki/Kognisi" title="Kognisi">kognisi</a> yang lebih tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-252">[250]</a> Hal ini membuat manusia menyatakan diri mereka sebagai makhluk yang lebih <a href="/wiki/Kecerdasan_intelektual" title="Kecerdasan intelektual">cerdas</a> daripada spesies lain yang diketahui.<a href="#cite_note-253">[251]</a> Mendefinisikan kecerdasan secara objektif adalah hal yang sulit, karena binatang-binatang lain memiliki adaptasi indera dan keunggulan di bidang-bidang yang tidak dikuasai oleh manusia.<a href="#cite_note-254">[252]</a> Terdapat beberapa sifat yang, meskipun tidak sepenuhnya unik, namun membedakan manusia dengan hewan lainnya.<a href="#cite_note-255">[253]</a> Manusia mungkin satu-satunya hewan yang memiliki ingatan episodik dan dapat melakukan "perjalanan waktu pikiran".<a href="#cite_note-256">[254]</a> Bahkan dibandingkan dengan hewan sosial lainnya, manusia memiliki tingkat fleksibilitas wajah yang luar biasa tinggi.<a href="#cite_note-257">[255]</a> Manusia adalah satu-satunya hewan yang diketahui dapat menangis secara emosional.<a href="#cite_note-258">[256]</a> Manusia adalah salah satu dari sedikit hewan yang mampu mengenali diri sendiri dalam <a href="/wiki/Uji_cermin" title="Uji cermin">tes cermin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-259">[257]</a> dan terdapat pula perdebatan mengenai sejauh mana manusia adalah satu-satunya hewan yang memiliki teori pikiran.<a href="#cite_note-260">[258]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tidur_dan_mimpi">Tidur dan mimpi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bagian: Tidur dan mimpi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Tidur dan mimpi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Tidur" title="Tidur">Tidur</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mimpi" title="Mimpi">Mimpi</a></div> Manusia pada umumnya adalah makhluk <a href="/wiki/Diurnalitas" title="Diurnalitas">diurnal</a>. Kebutuhan tidur mereka rata-rata adalah antara tujuh hingga sembilan jam per hari untuk usia dewasa, dan sembilan hingga sepuluh jam per hari untuk anak-anak; orang lanjut usia biasanya tidur selama enam hingga tujuh jam. Namun, waktu tidur yang kurang dari angka tersebut merupakan hal yang cukup umum terjadi di antara manusia, meskipun <a href="/wiki/Kurang_tidur" title="Kurang tidur">kurangnya tidur</a> dapat berdampak negatif pada kesehatan. Orang dewasa yang membatasi waktu tidurnya hingga empat jam per hari telah menunjukkan korelasi dengan perubahan fisiologi dan kondisi mental, termasuk berkurangnya daya ingat, kelelahan, agresi, dan ketidaknyamanan tubuh.<a href="#cite_note-Grandner2010-261">[259]</a> Selama tidur manusia bermimpi, di mana mereka merasakan pengalaman sensorik berupa gambar dan suara. Mimpi dirangsang oleh otak kecil dan sebagian besar terjadi selama <a href="/wiki/Tidur_REM" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidur REM">fase tidur REM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[260]</a> Lamanya mimpi dapat bervariasi, dari beberapa detik hingga 30 menit.<a href="#cite_note-Hobson-263">[261]</a> Manusia mengalami tiga hingga lima mimpi per malam, dan beberapa orang mungkin mengalami hingga tujuh mimpi;<a href="#cite_note-264">[262]</a> namun sebagian besar mimpi dengan cepat terlupakan. Manusia lebih cenderung mengingat mimpi jika terbangun selama fase REM. Kejadian dalam mimpi umumnya berada di luar kendali si pemimpi, dengan pengecualian pada mimpi jernih, di mana si pemimpi sadar akan dirinya sendiri.<a href="#cite_note-265">[263]</a> Mimpi terkadang dapat membuat sebuah pemikiran kreatif muncul atau memberikan inspirasi.<a href="#cite_note-266">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kesadaran_dan_pikiran">Kesadaran dan pikiran</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bagian: Kesadaran dan pikiran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Kesadaran dan pikiran">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kewaspadaan, atau kepekaan akan keberadaan internal atau eksternal, adalah definisi paling sederhana dari kesadaran manusia.<a href="#cite_note-consciousness-267">[265]</a> Kesadaran dianggap sebagai "aspek yang paling dikenal sekaligus paling misterius dalam hidup kita".<a href="#cite_note-268">[266]</a> Meskipun telah berabad-abad dilakukan analisis, definisi, penjelasan, dan perdebatan oleh para filsuf dan ilmuwan, kesadaran tetaplah sesuatu yang membingungkan dan kontroversial.<a href="#cite_note-van_Gulick2004-269">[267]</a> Satu-satunya pandangan yang disepakati secara luas tentang topik ini adalah keyakinan bahwa kesadaran itu ada.<a href="#cite_note-270">[268]</a> Terdapat perbedaan pendapat mengenai apa sebenarnya yang perlu dipelajari dan dijelaskan sebagai kesadaran. Beberapa filsuf membagi kesadaran menjadi kesadaran fenomenal dan kesadaran akses. Kesadaran fenomenal adalah pengalaman inderawi itu sendiri, sedangkan kesadaran akses adalah kesadaran yang dapat digunakan untuk bernalar atau mengendalikan tindakan secara langsung.<a href="#cite_note-Bl-271">[269]</a> Kesadaran terkadang identik dengan 'pikiran', dan di waktu lain, sebuah aspek darinya. Secara historis, hal ini dikaitkan dengan introspeksi, pemikiran pribadi, imajinasi, dan kemauan.<a href="#cite_note-JJ3-272">[270]</a> Saat ini, hal ini sering kali mencakup beberapa jenis pengalaman, kognisi, perasaan, atau persepsi. Istilah yang digunakan dapat pula bervariasi, dari 'kesadaran', 'kesadaran akan kesadaran', atau kesadaran diri.<a href="#cite_note-Rochat_2003_717–731-273">[271]</a> Kemungkinan terdapat berbagai tingkat atau urutan kesadaran,<a href="#cite_note-Carruthers2011-274">[272]</a> atau berbagai jenis kesadaran, atau hanya satu jenis kesadaran dengan fitur yang berbeda.<a href="#cite_note-Antony2001-275">[273]</a> Proses memperoleh pengetahuan dan pemahaman melalui pemikiran, pengalaman, dan indera disebut sebagai kognisi.<a href="#cite_note-276">[274]</a> Otak manusia memahami dunia luar melalui indera, dan masing-masing orang sangat dipengaruhi oleh pengalamannya, yang mengarah pada pandangan subjektif tentang keberadaan dan berlalunya waktu.<a href="#cite_note-277">[275]</a> Sifat dasar dari pemikiran adalah hal yang sentral dalam bidang psikologi dan yang terkait dengannya. Psikologi kognitif mempelajari kognisi, yakni proses mental yang melandasi perilaku.<a href="#cite_note-278">[276]</a> Dengan fokus utama pada perkembangan pikiran manusia sepanjang rentang kehidupan, psikologi developmental berusaha untuk memahami bagaimana manusia memandang, memahami, dan bertindak di dunia dan bagaimana proses-proses ini berubah seiring bertambahnya usia.<a href="#cite_note-279">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[278]</a> Hal ini dapat berfokus pada perkembangan intelektual, kognitif, saraf, sosial, atau moral. Para psikolog telah mengembangkan tes kecerdasan dan konsep angka kecerdasan (IQ) untuk menilai kecerdasan relatif manusia dan mempelajari sebarannya di dalam masyarakat.<a href="#cite_note-281">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motivasi_dan_emosi">Motivasi dan emosi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bagian: Motivasi dan emosi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Motivasi dan emosi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Plate_depicting_emotions_of_grief_from_Charles_Darwin%27s_book_The_Expression_of_the_Emotions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Plate_depicting_emotions_of_grief_from_Charles_Darwin%27s_book_The_Expression_of_the_Emotions.jpg/220px-Plate_depicting_emotions_of_grief_from_Charles_Darwin%27s_book_The_Expression_of_the_Emotions.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Plate_depicting_emotions_of_grief_from_Charles_Darwin%27s_book_The_Expression_of_the_Emotions.jpg/330px-Plate_depicting_emotions_of_grief_from_Charles_Darwin%27s_book_The_Expression_of_the_Emotions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Plate_depicting_emotions_of_grief_from_Charles_Darwin%27s_book_The_Expression_of_the_Emotions.jpg/440px-Plate_depicting_emotions_of_grief_from_Charles_Darwin%27s_book_The_Expression_of_the_Emotions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1142" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Ilustrasi kesedihan dalam buku <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> yang dirilis tahun 1872, <a href="/wiki/The_Expression_of_the_Emotions_in_Man_and_Animals" title="The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals">The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals</a></figcaption></figure> Motivasi manusia hingga saat ini belum sepenuhnya dipahami. Dari perspektif psikologis, <a href="/wiki/Hierarki_kebutuhan_Maslow" title="Hierarki kebutuhan Maslow">hierarki kebutuhan Maslow</a> adalah sebuah teori terkemuka yang dapat didefinisikan sebagai proses pemuasan kebutuhan tertentu dengan urutan kompleksitas yang menanjak.<a href="#cite_note-282">[280]</a> Dari perspektif filosofis yang lebih umum, motivasi manusia dapat didefinisikan sebagai komitmen terhadap, atau penarikan diri dari, berbagai tujuan yang membutuhkan penggunaan kecakapan manusia. <a href="/wiki/Insentif" title="Insentif">Insentif</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Preferensi" title="Preferensi">preferensi</a> juga merupakan faktor, begitu pula keterkaitan antara keduanya. <a href="/wiki/Kemauan" title="Kemauan">Kemauan</a> juga dapat terlibat, dalam hal ini kemauan juga merupakan faktor. Idealnya, baik motivasi maupun kemauan memastikan pemilihan, perjuangan, dan realisasi tujuan dengan cara yang optimal, yang mana <a href="/wiki/Fungsi_(biologi)" title="Fungsi (biologi)">fungsi</a> ini dimulai sejak masa kanak-kanak dan terus berlanjut sepanjang hidup dalam sebuah proses yang dikenal sebagai <a href="/wiki/Sosialisasi" title="Sosialisasi">sosialisasi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-283">[281]</a> Emosi adalah keadaan <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologis</a> yang terkait dengan <a href="/wiki/Sistem_saraf" title="Sistem saraf">sistem saraf</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-285">[283]</a> yang disebabkan oleh perubahan <a href="/wiki/Neurofisiologi" title="Neurofisiologi">neurofisiologis</a> yang terkait dengan pikiran, perasaan, respons perilaku, dan tingkat kesenangan atau ketidaksenangan.<a href="#cite_note-286">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schacter-287">[285]</a> Emosi sering kali berkaitan dengan suasana hati, temperamen, kepribadian, watak, kreativitas,<a href="#cite_note-288">[286]</a> dan motivasi. Emosi memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perilaku manusia dan kemampuan mereka untuk belajar.<a href="#cite_note-289">[287]</a> Bertindak berdasarkan emosi yang ekstrem atau tidak terkendali dapat menyebabkan gangguan sosial dan kejahatan,<a href="#cite_note-290">[288]</a> dengan penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa kriminal kemungkinan memiliki <a href="/wiki/Kecerdasan_emosional" title="Kecerdasan emosional">kecerdasan emosional</a> yang lebih rendah dari biasanya.<a href="#cite_note-291">[289]</a> Pengalaman emosional yang dianggap menyenangkan, seperti kegembiraan, ketertarikan, atau kepuasan, bertentangan dengan pengalaman emosional yang dianggap tidak menyenangkan, seperti kecemasan, kesedihan, kemarahan, dan keputusasaan.<a href="#cite_note-292">[290]</a> Kebahagiaan, atau keadaan bahagia, adalah kondisi emosional manusia. Definisi kebahagiaan masuk ke dalam topik filosofis yang umum. Beberapa orang mendefinisikannya sebagai pengalaman perasaan emosi positif, sambil menghindari emosi negatif.<a href="#cite_note-293">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-294">[292]</a> Yang lain melihatnya sebagai penilaian kepuasan hidup atau kualitas hidup.<a href="#cite_note-295">[293]</a> Penelitian terbaru menunjukkan bahwa menjadi bahagia mungkin melibatkan pengalaman beberapa emosi negatif ketika manusia merasa bahwa mereka layak mendapatkan sesuatu hal.<a href="#cite_note-296">[294]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seksualitas_dan_rasa_sayang">Seksualitas dan rasa sayang</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bagian: Seksualitas dan rasa sayang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Seksualitas dan rasa sayang">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Sweet_Baby_Kisses_Family_Love.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sweet_Baby_Kisses_Family_Love.jpg/220px-Sweet_Baby_Kisses_Family_Love.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sweet_Baby_Kisses_Family_Love.jpg/330px-Sweet_Baby_Kisses_Family_Love.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Sweet_Baby_Kisses_Family_Love.jpg/440px-Sweet_Baby_Kisses_Family_Love.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4133" data-file-height="2782" /></a><figcaption>Kasih sayang keluarga dapat terlihat pada orang tua kepada anak-anak mereka.</figcaption></figure> Seksualitas pada manusia melibatkan perasaan dan perilaku <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erotisisme" title="Erotisisme">erotis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fisik" title="Fisik">fisik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emosi" title="Emosi">emosional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sosial" class="mw-disambig" title="Sosial">sosial</a>, atau <a href="/wiki/Spiritual" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Spiritual">spiritual</a>.<a href="#cite_note-S._Greenberg-297">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bolin-298">[296]</a> Dikarenakan ini adalah istilah yang luas, yang telah mengalami variasi dengan konteks historis dari waktu ke waktu, maka definisi yang akurat tidaklah ada.<a href="#cite_note-Bolin-298">[296]</a> Aspek biologis dan fisik dari seksualitas sebagian besar menyangkut fungsi reproduksi manusia, termasuk siklus respons seksual manusia.<a href="#cite_note-S._Greenberg-297">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bolin-298">[296]</a> Seksualitas juga memengaruhi dan dipengaruhi oleh aspek budaya, politik, hukum, filosofis, moral, etika, dan agama dalam kehidupan.<a href="#cite_note-S._Greenberg-297">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bolin-298">[296]</a> Hasrat seksual, atau <a href="/wiki/Libido" title="Libido">libido</a>, adalah kondisi mental dasar yang hadir pada awal perilaku seksual. Studi menunjukkan bahwa pria lebih menginginkan seks daripada wanita dan lebih sering melakukan <a href="/wiki/Masturbasi" title="Masturbasi">masturbasi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[297]</a> Manusia dapat tergolong di mana saja dalam skala <a href="/wiki/Orientasi_seksual" title="Orientasi seksual">orientasi seksual</a> yang berkelanjutan,<a href="#cite_note-APASO-300">[298]</a> kendati sebagian besar manusia adalah <a href="/wiki/Heteroseksual" class="mw-redirect" title="Heteroseksual">heteroseksual</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bailey16-301">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-LeVay-302">[300]</a> Meskipun perilaku <a href="/wiki/Homoseksualitas" title="Homoseksualitas">homoseksual</a> juga <a href="/wiki/Perilaku_homoseksual_pada_hewan" title="Perilaku homoseksual pada hewan">terjadi pada beberapa hewan lain</a>, sejauh ini hanya manusia dan domba domestik lah yang sejumlah individunya diketahui menunjukkan preferensi eksklusif untuk hubungan sesama jenis.<a href="#cite_note-Bailey16-301">[299]</a> Sebagian besar bukti menunjukkan bahwa orientasi seksual disebabkan oleh faktor nonsosial dan biologis.<a href="#cite_note-LeVay-302">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-Balthazart-303">[301]</a> Hal ini sejalan dengan penemuan bahwa tidak adanya kecenderungan yang tinggi prilaku homoseksualitas pada populasi yang toleran kepada homoseksualitas, begitupula sebaliknya.<a href="#cite_note-LeVay-302">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-Balthazart-303">[301]</a> Penelitian di bidang <a href="/wiki/Neurosains" class="mw-redirect" title="Neurosains">neurosains</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">genetika</a> menunjukkan bahwa faktor biologis juga mempengaruhi aspek-aspek lain pada seksualitas manusia.<a href="#cite_note-Buss2003-304">[302]</a> Cinta umumnya mengacu pada perasaan ketertarikan yang kuat atau keterikatan emosional. Cinta dapat bersifat impersonal (cinta terhadap suatu objek, cita-cita, atau hubungan politik atau spiritual yang kuat) atau interpersonal (cinta antar manusia).<a href="#cite_note-Fromm,_Erich_2000-305">[303]</a> Saat jatuh cinta, <a href="/wiki/Dopamin" title="Dopamin">dopamin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noradrenalin" title="Noradrenalin">norepinefrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serotonin" title="Serotonin">serotonin</a>, dan zat kimia lainnya merangsang pusat kesenangan otak, yang menyebabkan efek samping seperti peningkatan <a href="/wiki/Detak_jantung" title="Detak jantung">detak jantung</a>, kehilangan <a href="/wiki/Nafsu_makan" title="Nafsu makan">nafsu makan</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tidur" title="Tidur">tidur</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Euforia" title="Euforia">perasaan bahagia yang intens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-306">[304]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Budaya">Budaya</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bagian: Budaya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Budaya">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r22657712"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Statistik masyarakat</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Bahasa yang paling banyak digunakan<a href="#cite_note-307">[305]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIAWorldFactbook-308">[306]</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggris" title="Bahasa Inggris">Inggris</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_mandarin" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa mandarin">Mandarin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Hindi" title="Bahasa Hindi">Hindi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_spanyol" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa spanyol">Spanyol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa arab">Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_bengali" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa bengali">Bengali</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_language" class="mw-redirect" title="French language">Prancis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian language">Rusia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese language">Portugis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agama yang paling banyak dianut<a href="#cite_note-CIAWorldFactbook-308">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[307]</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan">Kekristenan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhisme" title="Buddhisme">Buddhisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agama_rakyat" class="mw-redirect" title="Agama rakyat">agama rakyat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhisme" title="Sikhisme">Sikhisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaisme">Judaisme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tidak_beragama" title="Tidak beragama">Tidak beragama</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Kemampuan intelektual manusia yang sangat tinggi merupakan faktor kunci dalam kemajuan teknologi dan dominasi spesies ini terhadap biosfer.<a href="#cite_note-310">[308]</a> Terlepas dari spesies hominid lain yang telah punah, manusia adalah satu-satunya hewan yang diketahui dapat mengajarkan informasi yang dapat digeneralisasikan,<a href="#cite_note-311">[309]</a> dengan menggunakan penyematan rekursif untuk menghasilkan dan mengomunikasikan beragam konsep yang rumit,<a href="#cite_note-312">[310]</a> menggunakan fisika sederhana yang diperlukan untuk merancang alat yang kompeten,<a href="#cite_note-313">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[312]</a> atau memasak makanan di alam liar.<a href="#cite_note-315">[313]</a> Proses belajar mengajar berperan dalam melestarikan identitas budaya dan etnografi dalam komunitas manusia.<a href="#cite_note-316">[314]</a> Karakteristik dan perilaku lain yang umumnya unik pada manusia antara lain menyalakan api,<a href="#cite_note-317">[315]</a> menyusun <a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">fonem</a>,<a href="#cite_note-318">[316]</a> dan pembelajaran vokal.<a href="#cite_note-319">[317]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bahasa">Bahasa</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bagian: Bahasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Bahasa">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Bahasa" title="Bahasa">Bahasa</a></div> Meskipun <a href="/wiki/Komunikasi" title="Komunikasi">komunikasi</a> dilakukan oleh banyak spesies, <a href="/wiki/Bahasa" title="Bahasa">bahasa</a> merupakan hal yang khusus ada pada manusia, sebuah ciri khas kemanusiaan, dan kultur yang universal.<a href="#cite_note-320">[318]</a> Tidak seperti sistem terbatas pada hewan lain, bahasa manusia bersifat terbuka, jumlah makna yang tak terhingga dapat dihasilkan dengan menggabungkan sejumlah simbol yang terbatas.<a href="#cite_note-321">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[320]</a> Bahasa manusia juga memiliki kapasitas perpindahan, menggunakan kata-kata untuk mewakili hal-hal dan kejadian yang tidak terjadi secara lokal atau saat ini, tetapi berada dalam imajinasi bersama dengan lawan bicaranya.<a href="#cite_note-Revolution2-323">[321]</a> Bahasa berbeda dengan bentuk komunikasi lainnya karena bahasa tidak bergantung pada medium; dengan makna yang serupa dapat disampaikan melalui media yang berbeda, baik secara audio dalam bentuk ucapan, visual dengan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_isyarat" title="Bahasa isyarat">bahasa isyarat</a> atau tulisan, dan melalui media taktil seperti <a href="/wiki/Braille" title="Braille">braille</a>.<a href="#cite_note-324">[322]</a> Bahasa adalah pusat komunikasi antar manusia, dan rasa identitas yang menyatukan bangsa, budaya, dan kelompok etnis.<a href="#cite_note-325">[323]</a> Ada sekitar enam ribu bahasa yang saat ini digunakan, termasuk bahasa isyarat, di samping ribuan bahasa lainnya yang sudah <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_mati" title="Bahasa mati">punah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Comrie1996-326">[324]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seni">Seni</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bagian: Seni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Seni">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Seni" title="Seni">Seni</a></div> Seni manusia dapat mengambil berbagai bentuk meliputi <a href="/wiki/Seni_visual" class="mw-redirect" title="Seni visual">seni visual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sastra" title="Sastra">sastra</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Seni_pertunjukan" title="Seni pertunjukan">pertunjukan</a>. Seni visual dapat berupa <a href="/wiki/Seni_lukis" title="Seni lukis">lukisan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patung" title="Patung">patung</a>, <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">film</a>, desain interaksi, dan <a href="/wiki/Arsitektur" title="Arsitektur">arsitektur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-327">[325]</a> Seni sastra dapat mencakup <a href="/wiki/Prosa" title="Prosa">prosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puisi" title="Puisi">puisi</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Drama" title="Drama">drama</a>; sedangkan seni pertunjukan umumnya melibatkan <a href="/wiki/Teater" title="Teater">teater</a>, <a href="/wiki/Musik" title="Musik">musik</a>, dan tari.<a href="#cite_note-328">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[327]</a> Manusia sering kali menggabungkan bentuk-bentuk seni yang berbeda (misalnya, video musik).<a href="#cite_note-330">[328]</a> Hal-hal lain yang juga disebut memiliki kualitas artistik seperti persiapan makanan, video game, dan obat-obatan.<a href="#cite_note-331">[329]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-333">[331]</a> Selain memberikan hiburan dan mentransfer pengetahuan, seni juga digunakan untuk tujuan politik.<a href="#cite_note-334">[332]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:British_Museum_Flood_Tablet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/British_Museum_Flood_Tablet.jpg/220px-British_Museum_Flood_Tablet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/British_Museum_Flood_Tablet.jpg/330px-British_Museum_Flood_Tablet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/British_Museum_Flood_Tablet.jpg/440px-British_Museum_Flood_Tablet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="1137" /></a><figcaption>Tablet <a href="/wiki/Mitos_air_bah" title="Mitos air bah">Banjir</a> dari <a href="/wiki/Wiracarita_Gilgamesh" title="Wiracarita Gilgamesh">epos Gilgamesh</a> dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Akkadia" title="Bahasa Akkadia">bahasa Akkadia</a></figcaption></figure> Seni adalah karakteristik dasar manusia dan terdapat bukti adanya hubungan antara kreativitas dan bahasa.<a href="#cite_note-:4-335">[333]</a> Bukti paling awal dari seni adalah ukiran kerang yang dibuat oleh <a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a> 300.000 tahun sebelum manusia modern berevolusi.<a href="#cite_note-336">[334]</a> Seni yang dikaitkan dengan H. sapiens sudah ada setidaknya 75.000 tahun yang lalu, dengan perhiasan dan gambar yang ditemukan di gua-gua di <a href="/wiki/Afrika_Selatan" title="Afrika Selatan">Afrika Selatan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-337">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-338">[336]</a> Ada berbagai hipotesis mengapa manusia beradaptasi dengan seni. Antara lain, memungkinkan mereka untuk memecahkan masalah dengan lebih baik, menyediakan sarana untuk mengendalikan atau mempengaruhi manusia lain, mendorong kerja sama dan kontribusi dalam masyarakat, atau meningkatkan peluang untuk menarik calon pasangan.<a href="#cite_note-339">[337]</a> Penggunaan imajinasi yang dikembangkan melalui seni, dikombinasikan dengan logika mungkin telah memberi manusia purba keuntungan evolusioner.<a href="#cite_note-:4-335">[333]</a> Bukti menunjukkan bahwa manusia telah terlibat dalam aktivitas musik sebelum masa lukisan gua dan sejauh ini musik telah dipraktikkan oleh hampir semua budaya manusia yang diketahui.<a href="#cite_note-:2-340">[338]</a> Ada berbagai macam <a href="/wiki/Genre_musik" title="Genre musik">genre musik</a> dan musik etnis; dengan kemampuan musik manusia yang berhubungan dengan kemampuan lainnya, termasuk perilaku sosial manusia yang kompleks.<a href="#cite_note-:2-340">[338]</a> Telah terbukti bahwa otak manusia merespons musik dengan cara menyelaraskan diri dengan irama dan ketukan, sebuah proses yang disebut dengan entrainment.<a href="#cite_note-341">[339]</a> Tarian juga merupakan bentuk ekspresi manusia yang ditemukan di semua budaya<a href="#cite_note-342">[340]</a> dan mungkin telah berevolusi sebagai cara untuk membantu manusia purba berkomunikasi.<a href="#cite_note-343">[341]</a> Mendengarkan musik dan mengamati tarian menstimulasi <a href="/wiki/Korteks_orbitofrontal" title="Korteks orbitofrontal">korteks orbitofrontal</a> dan area penginderaan kesenangan lainnya di otak.<a href="#cite_note-344">[342]</a> Tidak seperti halnya berbicara, membaca dan menulis tidak datang secara alami pada manusia dan harus diajarkan.<a href="#cite_note-345">[343]</a> Meski demikian, <a href="/wiki/Sastra" title="Sastra">sastra</a> telah ada sebelum diciptakannya kata-kata dan bahasa, ditandai dengan lukisan berusia 30.000 tahun di dinding-dinding gua yang menggambarkan serangkaian adegan dramatis.<a href="#cite_note-:3-346">[344]</a> Salah satu karya sastra tertua yang masih ada adalah <a href="/wiki/Wiracarita_Gilgamesh" title="Wiracarita Gilgamesh">Epos Gilgamesh</a>, yang pertama kali diukir di tablet <a href="/wiki/Babilonia" title="Babilonia">Babilonia</a> kuno sekitar 4.000 tahun yang lalu.<a href="#cite_note-347">[345]</a> Lebih dari sekadar mewariskan pengetahuan, penggunaan dan berbagi <a href="/wiki/Fiksi" title="Fiksi">fiksi</a> imajinatif melalui cerita mungkin telah membantu mengembangkan kemampuan manusia untuk berkomunikasi dan meningkatkan kemungkinan mendapatkan pasangan.<a href="#cite_note-348">[346]</a> Bercerita juga dapat digunakan sebagai cara untuk memberikan pelajaran moral dan mendorong kerja sama.<a href="#cite_note-:3-346">[344]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alat_dan_teknologi">Alat dan teknologi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bagian: Alat dan teknologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Alat dan teknologi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Alat" title="Alat">Alat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi">Teknologi</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:JR-Maglev-MLX01-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Train running on a track" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/JR-Maglev-MLX01-2.jpg/220px-JR-Maglev-MLX01-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/JR-Maglev-MLX01-2.jpg/330px-JR-Maglev-MLX01-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/JR-Maglev-MLX01-2.jpg/440px-JR-Maglev-MLX01-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>SCMaglev, kereta tercepat di dunia dengan kecepatan 603 km/jam (375 mph) per tahun 2015<a href="#cite_note-349">[347]</a></figcaption></figure> Alat-alat terbuat dari batu telah digunakan oleh proto-manusia setidaknya 2,5 juta tahun yang lalu.<a href="#cite_note-Clark1994-350">[348]</a> Penggunaan dan pembuatan perkakas telah dikemukakan sebagai kemampuan yang mendefinisikan manusia lebih dari apa pun<a href="#cite_note-:7-351">[349]</a> dan secara historis dipandang sebagai langkah evolusi yang penting.<a href="#cite_note-352">[350]</a> Teknologi menjadi jauh lebih mutakhir sekitar 1,8 juta tahun yang lalu,<a href="#cite_note-:7-351">[349]</a> dengan penggunaan api yang terkendali dimulai sekitar 1 juta tahun yang lalu.<a href="#cite_note-:03-353">[351]</a><a href="#cite_note-354">[352]</a> Roda dan kendaraan beroda 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Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution%3A+Education+and+Outreach&rft.atitle=Origin+of+the+Genus+Homo&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=353-366&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12052-010-0247-8&rft.issn=1936-6434&rft.aulast=Dunsworth&rft.aufirst=HM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fevolution-outreach.biomedcentral.com%2Farticles%2F10.1007%2Fs12052-010-0247-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Kimbel WH, Villmoare B (July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4920303">"From Australopithecus to Homo: the transition that wasn't"</a>. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kar.kent.ac.uk/62267/1/Submission_288356_1_art_file_2637492_j96j1b.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 8 January 2020. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=New+fossils+from+Jebel+Irhoud%2C+Morocco+and+the+pan-African+origin+of+Homo+sapiens&rft.volume=546&rft.issue=7657&rft.pages=289-292&rft.date=2017-06&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28593953&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnature22336&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017Natur.546..289H&rft.aulast=Hublin&rft.aufirst=JJ&rft.au=Ben-Ncer%2C+A&rft.au=Bailey%2C+SE&rft.au=Freidline%2C+SE&rft.au=Neubauer%2C+S&rft.au=Skinner%2C+MM&rft.au=Bergmann%2C+I&rft.au=Le+Cabec%2C+A&rft.au=Benazzi%2C+S&rft.au=Harvati%2C+K&rft.au=Gunz%2C+P&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkar.kent.ac.uk%2F62267%2F1%2FSubmission_288356_1_art_file_2637492_j96j1b.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">"Out of Africa Revisited". <a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science (journal)">Science</a> (This Week in Science). 308 (5724): 921. 13 May 2005. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.308.5724.921g">10.1126/science.308.5724.921g</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8075">0036-8075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Out+of+Africa+Revisited&rft.volume=308&rft.issue=5724&rft.pages=921&rft.date=2005-05-13&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.308.5724.921g&rft.issn=0036-8075&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chris_Stringer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chris Stringer (halaman belum tersedia)">Stringer C</a> (June 2003). 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Washington, DC: <a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Institute_of_Biological_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Institute of Biological Sciences (halaman belum tersedia)">American Institute of Biological Sciences</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.actionbioscience.org/evolution/johanson.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 17 June 2021. 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25770088">25770088</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome+Research&rft.atitle=A+recent+bottleneck+of+Y+chromosome+diversity+coincides+with+a+global+change+in+culture&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=459-66&rft.date=2015-04&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4381518&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25770088&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1101%2Fgr.186684.114&rft.aulast=Karmin&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Saag%2C+L&rft.au=Vicente%2C+M&rft.au=Wilson+Sayres%2C+MA&rft.au=J%C3%A4rve%2C+M&rft.au=Talas%2C+UG&rft.au=Rootsi%2C+S&rft.au=Ilum%C3%A4e%2C+AM&rft.au=M%C3%A4gi%2C+R&rft.au=Mitt%2C+M&rft.au=Pagani%2C+L&rft.au=Puurand%2C+T&rft.au=Faltyskova%2C+Z&rft.au=Clemente%2C+F&rft.au=Cardona%2C+A&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+E&rft.au=Sahakyan%2C+H&rft.au=Yunusbayev%2C+B&rft.au=Hudjashov%2C+G&rft.au=DeGiorgio%2C+M&rft.au=Loogv%C3%A4li%2C+EL&rft.au=Eichstaedt%2C+C&rft.au=Eelmets%2C+M&rft.au=Chaubey%2C+G&rft.au=Tambets%2C+K&rft.au=Litvinov%2C+S&rft.au=Mormina%2C+M&rft.au=Xue%2C+Y&rft.au=Ayub%2C+Q&rft.au=Zoraqi%2C+G&rft.au=Korneliussen%2C+TS&rft.au=Akhatova%2C+F&rft.au=Lachance%2C+J&rft.au=Tishkoff%2C+S&rft.au=Momynaliev%2C+K&rft.au=Ricaut%2C+FX&rft.au=Kusuma%2C+P&rft.au=Razafindrazaka%2C+H&rft.au=Pierron%2C+D&rft.au=Cox%2C+MP&rft.au=Sultana%2C+GN&rft.au=Willerslev%2C+R&rft.au=Muller%2C+C&rft.au=Westaway%2C+M&rft.au=Lambert%2C+D&rft.au=Skaro%2C+V&rft.au=Kova%C4%8Devic%2C+L&rft.au=Turdikulova%2C+S&rft.au=Dalimova%2C+D&rft.au=Khusainova%2C+R&rft.au=Trofimova%2C+N&rft.au=Akhmetova%2C+V&rft.au=Khidiyatova%2C+I&rft.au=Lichman%2C+DV&rft.au=Isakova%2C+J&rft.au=Pocheshkhova%2C+E&rft.au=Sabitov%2C+Z&rft.au=Barashkov%2C+NA&rft.au=Nymadawa%2C+P&rft.au=Mihailov%2C+E&rft.au=Seng%2C+JW&rft.au=Evseeva%2C+I&rft.au=Migliano%2C+AB&rft.au=Abdullah%2C+S&rft.au=Andriadze%2C+G&rft.au=Primorac%2C+D&rft.au=Atramentova%2C+L&rft.au=Utevska%2C+O&rft.au=Yepiskoposyan%2C+L&rft.au=Marjanovic%2C+D&rft.au=Kushniarevich%2C+A&rft.au=Behar%2C+DM&rft.au=Gilissen%2C+C&rft.au=Vissers%2C+L&rft.au=Veltman%2C+JA&rft.au=Balanovska%2C+E&rft.au=Derenko%2C+M&rft.au=Malyarchuk%2C+B&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+A&rft.au=Fedorova%2C+S&rft.au=Eriksson%2C+A&rft.au=Manica%2C+A&rft.au=Mendez%2C+FL&rft.au=Karafet%2C+TM&rft.au=Veeramah%2C+KR&rft.au=Bradman%2C+N&rft.au=Hammer%2C+MF&rft.au=Osipova%2C+LP&rft.au=Balanovsky%2C+O&rft.au=Khusnutdinova%2C+EK&rft.au=Johnsen%2C+K&rft.au=Remm%2C+M&rft.au=Thomas%2C+MG&rft.au=Tyler-Smith%2C+C&rft.au=Underhill%2C+PA&rft.au=Willerslev%2C+E&rft.au=Nielsen%2C+R&rft.au=Metspalu%2C+M&rft.au=Villems%2C+R&rft.au=Kivisild%2C+T&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4381518&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" 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(October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3677943">"The shaping of modern human immune systems by multiregional admixture with archaic humans"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Science_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science (journal)">Science</a>. 334 (6052): 89–94. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011Sci...334...89A">2011Sci...334...89A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1209202">10.1126/science.1209202</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3677943">3677943</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21868630">21868630</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=The+shaping+of+modern+human+immune+systems+by+multiregional+admixture+with+archaic+humans&rft.volume=334&rft.issue=6052&rft.pages=89-94&rft.date=2011-10&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3677943&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21868630&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1209202&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2011Sci...334...89A&rft.aulast=Abi-Rached&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Jobin%2C+MJ&rft.au=Kulkarni%2C+S&rft.au=McWhinnie%2C+A&rft.au=Dalva%2C+K&rft.au=Gragert%2C+L&rft.au=Babrzadeh%2C+F&rft.au=Gharizadeh%2C+B&rft.au=Luo%2C+M&rft.au=Plummer%2C+FA&rft.au=Kimani%2C+J&rft.au=Carrington%2C+M&rft.au=Middleton%2C+D&rft.au=Rajalingam%2C+R&rft.au=Beksac%2C+M&rft.au=Marsh%2C+SG&rft.au=Maiers%2C+M&rft.au=Guethlein%2C+LA&rft.au=Tavoularis%2C+S&rft.au=Little%2C+AM&rft.au=Green%2C+RE&rft.au=Norman%2C+PJ&rft.au=Parham%2C+P&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3677943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Boyd2003-32"><a href="#cite_ref-Boyd2003_32-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Boyd_(anthropologist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert Boyd (anthropologist) (halaman belum tersedia)">Boyd R</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Silk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Silk (halaman belum tersedia)">Silk JB</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/howhumansevolved03edboyd">How Humans Evolved<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. New York City: <a href="/wiki/W._W._Norton_%26_Company" title="W. W. Norton & Company">Norton</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-393-97854-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-393-97854-4">978-0-393-97854-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Humans+Evolved&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-393-97854-4&rft.aulast=Boyd&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Silk%2C+JB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhowhumansevolved03edboyd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Little, Michael A.; Blumler, Mark A. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220703085714/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128026526000232">"Hunter-Gatherers"</a>. Dalam Muehlenbein, Michael P. Basics in Human Evolution (dalam bahasa Inggris). Boston: Academic Press. hlm. 323–335. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-12-802652-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-12-802652-6">978-0-12-802652-6</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128026526000232">versi asli</a> tanggal 3 July 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hunter-Gatherers&rft.btitle=Basics+in+Human+Evolution&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=323-335&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-12-802652-6&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=Michael+A.&rft.au=Blumler%2C+Mark+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FB9780128026526000232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chris_Scarre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chris Scarre (halaman belum tersedia)">Scarre, Chris</a> (2018). 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London: <a href="/wiki/Thames_%26_Hudson" title="Thames & Hudson">Thames & Hudson</a>. hlm. 174–197. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-500-29335-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-500-29335-5">978-0-500-29335-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+world+transformed%3A+from+foragers+and+farmers+to+states+and+empires&rft.btitle=The+Human+Past%3A+World+Prehistory+and+the+Development+of+Human+Societies&rft.place=London&rft.pages=174-197&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-500-29335-5&rft.aulast=Scarre&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Colledge S, Conolly J, Dobney K, Manning K, Shennan S (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730032846/https://www.worldcat.org/title/origins-and-spread-of-domestic-animals-in-southwest-asia-and-europe/oclc/855969933">Origins and Spread of Domestic Animals in Southwest Asia and Europe</a>. Walnut Creek: Left Coast Press. hlm. 13–17. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-61132-324-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-61132-324-5">978-1-61132-324-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/855969933">855969933</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/855969933">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 July 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Origins+and+Spread+of+Domestic+Animals+in+Southwest+Asia+and+Europe.&rft.place=Walnut+Creek&rft.pages=13-17&rft.pub=Left+Coast+Press&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F855969933&rft.isbn=978-1-61132-324-5&rft.aulast=Colledge&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Conolly%2C+J&rft.au=Dobney%2C+K&rft.au=Manning%2C+K&rft.au=Shennan%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F855969933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Scanes CG (January 2018). 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Animals and Human Society. hlm. 103–131. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FB978-0-12-805247-1.00006-X">10.1016/B978-0-12-805247-1.00006-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-12-805247-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-12-805247-1">978-0-12-805247-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Neolithic+Revolution%2C+Animal+Domestication%2C+and+Early+Forms+of+Animal+Agriculture&rft.btitle=Animals+and+Human+Society&rft.pages=103-131&rft.date=2018-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB978-0-12-805247-1.00006-X&rft.isbn=978-0-12-805247-1&rft.aulast=Scanes&rft.aufirst=CG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-He2017-37"><a href="#cite_ref-He2017_37-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">He K, Lu H, Zhang J, Wang C, Huan X (7 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211120221221/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317400332_Prehistoric_evolution_of_the_dualistic_structure_mixed_rice_and_millet_farming_in_China">"Prehistoric evolution of the dualistic structure mixed rice and millet farming in China"</a>. The Holocene. 27 (12): 1885–1898. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Holoc..27.1885H">2017Holoc..27.1885H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0959683617708455">10.1177/0959683617708455</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317400332">versi asli</a> tanggal 20 November 2021. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Holocene&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+evolution+of+the+dualistic+structure+mixed+rice+and+millet+farming+in+China&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=1885-1898&rft.date=2017-06-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0959683617708455&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017Holoc..27.1885H&rft.aulast=He&rft.aufirst=K&rft.au=Lu%2C+H&rft.au=Zhang%2C+J&rft.au=Wang%2C+C&rft.au=Huan%2C+X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F317400332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Lu-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Lu_38-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Lu H, Zhang J, Liu KB, Wu N, Li Y, Zhou K, et al. 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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 106 (18): 7367–72. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PNAS..106.7367L">2009PNAS..106.7367L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0900158106">10.1073/pnas.0900158106</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2678631">2678631</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19383791">19383791</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Earliest+domestication+of+common+millet+%28Panicum+miliaceum%29+in+East+Asia+extended+to+10%2C000+years+ago&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=18&rft.pages=7367-72&rft.date=2009-05&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2678631&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19383791&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0900158106&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009PNAS..106.7367L&rft.aulast=Lu&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Zhang%2C+J&rft.au=Liu%2C+KB&rft.au=Wu%2C+N&rft.au=Li%2C+Y&rft.au=Zhou%2C+K&rft.au=Ye%2C+M&rft.au=Zhang%2C+T&rft.au=Zhang%2C+H&rft.au=Yang%2C+X&rft.au=Shen%2C+L&rft.au=Xu%2C+D&rft.au=Li%2C+Q&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2678631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Denham TP, Haberle SG, Lentfer C, Fullagar R, Field J, Therin M, et al. 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Science. 301 (5630): 189–93. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1085255">10.1126/science.1085255</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12817084">12817084</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Origins+of+agriculture+at+Kuk+Swamp+in+the+highlands+of+New+Guinea&rft.volume=301&rft.issue=5630&rft.pages=189-93&rft.date=2003-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1085255&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12817084&rft.aulast=Denham&rft.aufirst=TP&rft.au=Haberle%2C+SG&rft.au=Lentfer%2C+C&rft.au=Fullagar%2C+R&rft.au=Field%2C+J&rft.au=Therin%2C+M&rft.au=Porch%2C+N&rft.au=Winsborough%2C+B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Scarcelli N, Cubry P, Akakpo R, Thuillet AC, Obidiegwu J, Baco MN, et al. 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Science Advances. 5 (5): eaaw1947. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019SciA....5.1947S">2019SciA....5.1947S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.aaw1947">10.1126/sciadv.aaw1947</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6527260">6527260</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31114806">31114806</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=Yam+genomics+supports+West+Africa+as+a+major+cradle+of+crop+domestication&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=eaaw1947&rft.date=2019-05&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6527260&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31114806&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.aaw1947&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019SciA....5.1947S&rft.aulast=Scarcelli&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Cubry%2C+P&rft.au=Akakpo%2C+R&rft.au=Thuillet%2C+AC&rft.au=Obidiegwu%2C+J&rft.au=Baco%2C+MN&rft.au=Otoo%2C+E&rft.au=Sonk%C3%A9%2C+B&rft.au=Dansi%2C+A&rft.au=Djedatin%2C+G&rft.au=Mariac%2C+C&rft.au=Couderc%2C+M&rft.au=Causse%2C+S&rft.au=Alix%2C+K&rft.au=Cha%C3%AFr%2C+H&rft.au=Fran%C3%A7ois%2C+O&rft.au=Vigouroux%2C+Y&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6527260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Winchell F (October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623152728/https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1574602/7/Fuller_693898.pdf">"Evidence for Sorghum Domestication in Fourth Millennium BC Eastern Sudan: Spikelet Morphology from Ceramic Impressions of the Butana Group"</a> (PDF). Current Anthropology. 58 (5): 673–683. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F693898">10.1086/693898</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1574602/7/Fuller_693898.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 23 June 2021. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Anthropology&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+Sorghum+Domestication+in+Fourth+Millennium+BC+Eastern+Sudan%3A+Spikelet+Morphology+from+Ceramic+Impressions+of+the+Butana+Group&rft.volume=58&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=673-683&rft.date=2017-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F693898&rft.aulast=Winchell&rft.aufirst=F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiscovery.ucl.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F1574602%2F7%2FFuller_693898.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Manning K (February 2011). "4500-Year old domesticated pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) from the Tilemsi Valley, Mali: new insights into an alternative cereal domestication pathway". Journal of Archaeological Science. 38 (2): 312–322. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jas.2010.09.007">10.1016/j.jas.2010.09.007</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Archaeological+Science&rft.atitle=4500-Year+old+domesticated+pearl+millet+%28Pennisetum+glaucum%29+from+the+Tilemsi+Valley%2C+Mali%3A+new+insights+into+an+alternative+cereal+domestication+pathway&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=312-322&rft.date=2011-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jas.2010.09.007&rft.aulast=Manning&rft.aufirst=K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Noble TF, Strauss B, Osheim D, Neuschel K, Accamp E (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214010433/https://books.google.com/books?id=Td4WAAAAQBAJ&q=western%20civilisation%20egypt&pg=PA16">Cengage Advantage Books: Western Civilization: Beyond Boundaries</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-285-66153-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-285-66153-7">978-1-285-66153-7</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Td4WAAAAQBAJ&q=western%20civilisation%20egypt&pg=PA16">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 December 2021. Diakses tanggal 11 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cengage+Advantage+Books%3A+Western+Civilization%3A+Beyond+Boundaries&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-285-66153-7&rft.aulast=Noble&rft.aufirst=TF&rft.au=Strauss%2C+B&rft.au=Osheim%2C+D&rft.au=Neuschel%2C+K&rft.au=Accamp%2C+E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTd4WAAAAQBAJ%26q%3Dwestern%2520civilisation%2520egypt%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Spielvogel J (1 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150905105225/https://books.google.com/books?id=LceiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT65#v=onepage&q=western%20civilisation%20egypt">Western Civilization: Volume A: To 1500</a>. Cenpage Learning. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-285-98299-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-285-98299-1">978-1-285-98299-1</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LceiAgAAQBAJ&q=western%20civilisation%20egypt&pg=PT65">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 September 2015. Diakses tanggal 11 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Western+Civilization%3A+Volume+A%3A+To+1500&rft.pub=Cenpage+Learning&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.isbn=978-1-285-98299-1&rft.aulast=Spielvogel&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLceiAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dwestern%2520civilisation%2520egypt%26pg%3DPT65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Thornton B (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210222224422/https://books.google.com/books?id=fa6swJv64xkC&q=Greek">Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization</a>. San Francisco, CA: Encounter Books. hlm. 1–14. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-893554-57-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-893554-57-3">978-1-893554-57-3</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fa6swJv64xkC&q=Greek%20Ways%3A%20How%20the%20Greeks%20Created%20Western%20Civilization">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 February 2021. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greek+Ways%3A+How+the+Greeks+Created+Western+Civilization&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.pages=1-14&rft.pub=Encounter+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-893554-57-3&rft.aulast=Thornton&rft.aufirst=B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfa6swJv64xkC%26q%3DGreek%2520Ways%253A%2520How%2520the%2520Greeks%2520Created%2520Western%2520Civilization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Garfinkle SJ, Bang PF, Scheidel W (1 February 2013). 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195188318.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780195188318-e-4">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 June 2021. 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Wiley. hlm. 27–46. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781119193814.ch2">10.1002/9781119193814.ch2</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-119-19329-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-119-19329-6">978-1-119-19329-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Emergence+of+Cuneiform+Writing&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Ancient+Near+Eastern+Languages&rft.pages=27-46&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2020-02-28&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781119193814.ch2&rft.isbn=978-1-119-19329-6&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Robinson A (October 2015). "Ancient civilization: Cracking the Indus script". Nature. 526 (7574): 499–501. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.526..499R">2015Natur.526..499R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F526499a">10.1038/526499a</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26490603">26490603</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Ancient+civilization%3A+Cracking+the+Indus+script&rft.volume=526&rft.issue=7574&rft.pages=499-501&rft.date=2015-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26490603&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F526499a&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015Natur.526..499R&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harriet_Crawford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harriet Crawford (halaman belum tersedia)">Crawford H</a> (2013). "Trade in the Sumerian world". The Sumerian World. Routledge. hlm. 447–61. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-136-21911-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-136-21911-5">978-1-136-21911-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Trade+in+the+Sumerian+world&rft.btitle=The+Sumerian+World&rft.pages=447-61&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-21911-5&rft.aulast=Crawford&rft.aufirst=H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:142-50"><a href="#cite_ref-:142_50-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bodnár M (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623152751/https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=714342">"Prehistoric innovations: Wheels and wheeled vehicles"</a>. Acta Archaeologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae (dalam bahasa English). 69 (2): 271–298. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1556%2F072.2018.69.2.3">10.1556/072.2018.69.2.3</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0001-5210">0001-5210</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=714342">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 June 2021. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Archaeologica+Academiae+Scientiarum+Hungaricae&rft.atitle=Prehistoric+innovations%3A+Wheels+and+wheeled+vehicles&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=271-298&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1556%2F072.2018.69.2.3&rft.issn=0001-5210&rft.aulast=Bodn%C3%A1r&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceeol.com%2Fsearch%2Farticle-detail%3Fid%3D714342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Bahasa_yang_tidak_diketahui" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Pryor FL (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409092618/https://www.jstor.org/stable/178600">"The Invention of the Plow"</a>. Comparative Studies in Society and History. 27 (4): 727–743. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0010417500011749">10.1017/S0010417500011749</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4175">0010-4175</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/178600">178600</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/178600">versi asli</a> tanggal 9 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Studies+in+Society+and+History&rft.atitle=The+Invention+of+the+Plow&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=727-743&rft.date=1985&rft.issn=0010-4175&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F178600&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0010417500011749&rft.aulast=Pryor&rft.aufirst=FL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F178600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Carter2-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Carter2_52-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Carter R (2012). 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Technology and Culture. 44 (2): 340–354. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Ftech.2003.0063">10.1353/tech.2003.0063</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0040-165X">0040-165X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/25148110">25148110</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25148110">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 March 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Technology+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Building+the+Great+Pyramid%3A+Probable+Construction+Methods+Employed+at+Giza&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=340-354&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=0040-165X&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25148110&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Ftech.2003.0063&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=JF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25148110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Voosen P (August 2018). "New geological age comes under fire". 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Univ of California Press. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/babylonians0000sagg/page/7">7</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-520-20222-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-520-20222-1">978-0-520-20222-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Babylonians&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Univ+of+California+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-520-20222-1&rft.aulast=Saggs&rft.aufirst=HW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbabylonians0000sagg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Sassaman KE (1 December 2005). "Poverty Point as Structure, Event, Process". 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Journal of the American Oriental Society. 96 (1): 15–26. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F599886">10.2307/599886</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0279">0003-0279</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/599886">599886</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/599886">versi asli</a> tanggal 9 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=K%C4%81lid%C4%81sa+and+the+Attitudes+of+the+Golden+Age&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=15-26&rft.date=1976&rft.issn=0003-0279&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F599886&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F599886&rft.aulast=Ingalls&rft.aufirst=DH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F599886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Xie J (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730032850/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/architectural-history/article/abs/pillars-of-heaven-the-symbolic-function-of-column-and-bracket-sets-in-the-han-dynasty/1B1C1C007216E36004F15A1B7D61C87F">"Pillars of Heaven: The Symbolic Function of Column and Bracket Sets in the Han Dynasty"</a>. Architectural History (dalam bahasa Inggris). 63: 1–36. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Farh.2020.1">10.1017/arh.2020.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0066-622X">0066-622X</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0066622X20000015/type/journal_article">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 July 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Architectural+History&rft.atitle=Pillars+of+Heaven%3A+The+Symbolic+Function+of+Column+and+Bracket+Sets+in+the+Han+Dynasty&rft.volume=63&rft.pages=1-36&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Farh.2020.1&rft.issn=0066-622X&rft.aulast=Xie&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS0066622X20000015%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Marx W, Haunschild R, Bornmann L (2018). 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Diakses tanggal 17 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ottomans+and+Europe&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+European+History+1400%E2%80%931600%3A+Late+Middle+Ages%2C+Renaissance+and+Reformation&rft.pages=589-635&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=1994-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004391659_019&rft.isbn=978-90-04-39165-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fbook%2Fedcoll%2F9789004391659%2FBP000019.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Goree R (19 November 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812150712/https://oxfordre.com/asianhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-72">"The Culture of Travel in Edo-Period Japan"</a>. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190277727.013.72">10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.013.72</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-027772-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-027772-7">978-0-19-027772-7</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxfordre.com/asianhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277727.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277727-e-72">versi asli</a> tanggal 12 August 2021. Diakses tanggal 7 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Culture+of+Travel+in+Edo-Period+Japan&rft.btitle=Oxford+Research+Encyclopedia+of+Asian+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190277727.013.72&rft.isbn=978-0-19-027772-7&rft.aulast=Goree&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordre.com%2Fasianhistory%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780190277727.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780190277727-e-72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Mosca MW (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220306014457/https://www.proquest.com/openview/a516602ac28aba8955507e46ab41483e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=25135">"CHINA'S LAST EMPIRE: The Great Qing"</a>. Pacific Affairs. 83. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.proquest.com/openview/a516602ac28aba8955507e46ab41483e/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=25135">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 March 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pacific+Affairs&rft.atitle=CHINA%27S+LAST+EMPIRE%3A+The+Great+Qing&rft.volume=83&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Mosca&rft.aufirst=MW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fopenview%2Fa516602ac28aba8955507e46ab41483e%2F1%3Fpq-origsite%3Dgscholar%26cbl%3D25135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Suyanta S, Ikhlas S (19 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220407082504/http://journal.tarbiyahiainib.ac.id/index.php/attalim/article/view/228">"Islamic Education at Mughal Kingdom in India (1526–1857)"</a>. Al-Ta Lim Journal. 23 (2): 128–138. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15548%2Fjt.v23i2.228">10.15548/jt.v23i2.228</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2355-7893">2355-7893</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journal.tarbiyahiainib.ac.id/index.php/attalim/article/view/228">versi asli</a> tanggal 7 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Ta+Lim+Journal&rft.atitle=Islamic+Education+at+Mughal+Kingdom+in+India+%281526%E2%80%931857%29&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=128-138&rft.date=2016-07-19&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15548%2Fjt.v23i2.228&rft.issn=2355-7893&rft.aulast=Suyanta&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Ikhlas%2C+S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournal.tarbiyahiainib.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fattalim%2Farticle%2Fview%2F228&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kirkpatrick R (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730032848/https://www.worldcat.org/title/european-renaissance-1400-1600/oclc/893909816">The European Renaissance, 1400–1600</a>. Harlow, England. hlm. 1. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-317-88646-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-317-88646-4">978-1-317-88646-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/893909816">893909816</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/893909816">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 July 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Renaissance%2C+1400%E2%80%931600&rft.place=Harlow%2C+England&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F893909816&rft.isbn=978-1-317-88646-4&rft.aulast=Kirkpatrick&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F893909816&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Arnold D (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730032848/https://www.worldcat.org/title/age-of-discovery-1400-1600/oclc/859536800">The Age of Discovery, 1400–1600</a> (edisi ke-Second). London. hlm. xi. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-136-47968-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-136-47968-7">978-1-136-47968-7</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/859536800">859536800</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/859536800">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 July 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Age+of+Discovery%2C+1400%E2%80%931600&rft.place=London&rft.pages=xi&rft.edition=Second&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F859536800&rft.isbn=978-1-136-47968-7&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F859536800&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Palan R (14 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210826211616/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.2202/1565-3404.1239/html">"International Financial Centers: The British-Empire, City-States and Commercially Oriented Politics"</a>. Theoretical Inquiries in Law. 11 (1). <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2202%2F1565-3404.1239">10.2202/1565-3404.1239</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1565-3404">1565-3404</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.2202/1565-3404.1239/html">versi asli</a> tanggal 26 August 2021. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theoretical+Inquiries+in+Law&rft.atitle=International+Financial+Centers%3A+The+British-Empire%2C+City-States+and+Commercially+Oriented+Politics&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2010-01-14&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2202%2F1565-3404.1239&rft.issn=1565-3404&rft.aulast=Palan&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.2202%2F1565-3404.1239%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Dixon EJ (January 2001). "Human colonization of the Americas: timing, technology and process". Quaternary Science Reviews (dalam bahasa Inggris). 20 (1–3): 277–299. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001QSRv...20..277J">2001QSRv...20..277J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0277-3791%2800%2900116-5">10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00116-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quaternary+Science+Reviews&rft.atitle=Human+colonization+of+the+Americas%3A+timing%2C+technology+and+process&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=1%E2%80%933&rft.pages=277-299&rft.date=2001-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0277-3791%2800%2900116-5&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001QSRv...20..277J&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.aufirst=EJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Lovejoy PE (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220306011109/https://www.jstor.org/stable/182914">"The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on Africa: A Review of the Literature"</a>. The Journal of African History. 30 (3): 365–394. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0021853700024439">10.1017/S0021853700024439</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0021-8537">0021-8537</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/182914">182914</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/182914">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 March 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+African+History&rft.atitle=The+Impact+of+the+Atlantic+Slave+Trade+on+Africa%3A+A+Review+of+the+Literature&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=365-394&rft.date=1989&rft.issn=0021-8537&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F182914&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0021853700024439&rft.aulast=Lovejoy&rft.aufirst=PE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F182914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Cave AA (2008). 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London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781403992192/page/273">273</a>–295. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230297784_11">10.1057/9780230297784_11</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-230-29778-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-230-29778-4">978-0-230-29778-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Genocide+in+the+Americas&rft.btitle=The+Historiography+of+Genocide&rft.place=London&rft.pages=273-295&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780230297784_11&rft.isbn=978-0-230-29778-4&rft.aulast=Cave&rft.aufirst=AA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781403992192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Delisle RG (September 2014). "Can a revolution hide another one? Charles Darwin and the Scientific Revolution". Endeavour. 38 (3–4): 157–8. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.endeavour.2014.10.001">10.1016/j.endeavour.2014.10.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25457642">25457642</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Endeavour&rft.atitle=Can+a+revolution+hide+another+one%3F+Charles+Darwin+and+the+Scientific+Revolution&rft.volume=38&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=157-8&rft.date=2014-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.endeavour.2014.10.001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25457642&rft.aulast=Delisle&rft.aufirst=RG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150406160644/https://greatachievements.org/">"Greatest Engineering Achievements of the 20th Century"</a>. National Academy of Engineering. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greatachievements.org/">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 April 2015. Diakses tanggal 7 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Academy+of+Engineering&rft.atitle=Greatest+Engineering+Achievements+of+the+20th+Century&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatachievements.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Herring GC (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730032849/https://www.worldcat.org/title/from-colony-to-superpower-us-foreign-relations-since-1776/oclc/299054528">From colony to superpower : U.S. foreign relations since 1776</a>. New York: Oxford University Press. hlm. 1. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-972343-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-972343-0">978-0-19-972343-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/299054528">299054528</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/299054528">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 July 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+colony+to+superpower+%3A+U.S.+foreign+relations+since+1776&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F299054528&rft.isbn=978-0-19-972343-0&rft.aulast=Herring&rft.aufirst=GC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F299054528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">O'Rourke KH (March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730032852/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-global-history/article/abs/worldwide-economic-impact-of-the-french-revolutionary-and-napoleonic-wars-17931815/B5D21C47E53307E78358803D4695FCE8">"The worldwide economic impact of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1793–1815"</a>. Journal of Global History (dalam bahasa Inggris). 1 (1): 123–149. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1740022806000076">10.1017/S1740022806000076</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1740-0228">1740-0228</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S1740022806000076/type/journal_article">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 July 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Global+History&rft.atitle=The+worldwide+economic+impact+of+the+French+Revolutionary+and+Napoleonic+Wars%2C+1793%E2%80%931815&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=123-149&rft.date=2006-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1740022806000076&rft.issn=1740-0228&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=KH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fproduct%2Fidentifier%2FS1740022806000076%2Ftype%2Fjournal_article&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Zimmerman AF (November 1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220306014948/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2506251">"Spain and Its Colonies, 1808–1820"</a>. The Hispanic American Historical Review. 11 (4): 439–463. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2506251">10.2307/2506251</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/2506251">2506251</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2506251">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 March 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hispanic+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Spain+and+Its+Colonies%2C+1808%E2%80%931820&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=439-463&rft.date=1931-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2506251&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2506251&rft.aulast=Zimmerman&rft.aufirst=AF&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2506251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <cite class="citation web">David S (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220324121231/https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/scramble_for_africa_article_01.shtml">"British History in depth: Slavery and the 'Scramble for Africa'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/abolition/scramble_for_africa_article_01.shtml">versi asli</a> tanggal 24 March 2022. Diakses tanggal 5 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=British+History+in+depth%3A+Slavery+and+the+%27Scramble+for+Africa%27&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=David&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fbritish%2Fabolition%2Fscramble_for_africa_article_01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Raudzens G (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jmh.2004.0138">"The Australian Frontier Wars, 1788–1838 (review)"</a>. The Journal of Military History. 68 (3): 957–959. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjmh.2004.0138">10.1353/jmh.2004.0138</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1543-7795">1543-7795</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Military+History&rft.atitle=The+Australian+Frontier+Wars%2C+1788%E2%80%931838+%28review%29&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=957-959&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjmh.2004.0138&rft.issn=1543-7795&rft.aulast=Raudzens&rft.aufirst=G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1353%2Fjmh.2004.0138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Clark CM (2012). "Polarization of Europe, 1887–1907". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730032849/https://www.worldcat.org/title/sleepwalkers-how-europe-went-to-war-in-1914/oclc/794136314">The sleepwalkers : how Europe went to war in 1914</a>. London: Allen Lane. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7139-9942-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7139-9942-6">978-0-7139-9942-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/794136314">794136314</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/794136314">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 July 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Polarization+of+Europe%2C+1887%E2%80%931907&rft.btitle=The+sleepwalkers+%3A+how+Europe+went+to+war+in+1914&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Allen+Lane&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F794136314&rft.isbn=978-0-7139-9942-6&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=CM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F794136314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Robert Dahl (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/democracyitscrit00dahl_0">Democracy and Its Critics<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. Yale UP. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/democracyitscrit00dahl_0/page/239">239–40</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/0-300-15355-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/0-300-15355-4">0-300-15355-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+and+Its+Critics&rft.pages=239-40&rft.pub=Yale+UP&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-300-15355-4&rft.au=Robert+Dahl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdemocracyitscrit00dahl_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">McDougall WA (May 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00963402.1985.11455962">"Sputnik, the space race, and the Cold War"</a>. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists (dalam bahasa Inggris). 41 (5): 20–25. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1985BuAtS..41e..20M">1985BuAtS..41e..20M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00963402.1985.11455962">10.1080/00963402.1985.11455962</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0096-3402">0096-3402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.atitle=Sputnik%2C+the+space+race%2C+and+the+Cold+War&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=20-25&rft.date=1985-05&rft.issn=0096-3402&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00963402.1985.11455962&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1985BuAtS..41e..20M&rft.aulast=McDougall&rft.aufirst=WA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F00963402.1985.11455962&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Plous S (May 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220221155825/https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343393030002004">"The Nuclear Arms Race: Prisoner's Dilemma or Perceptual Dilemma?"</a>. Journal of Peace Research (dalam bahasa Inggris). 30 (2): 163–179. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0022343393030002004">10.1177/0022343393030002004</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3433">0022-3433</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0022343393030002004">versi asli</a> tanggal 21 February 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Peace+Research&rft.atitle=The+Nuclear+Arms+Race%3A+Prisoner%27s+Dilemma+or+Perceptual+Dilemma%3F&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=163-179&rft.date=1993-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0022343393030002004&rft.issn=0022-3433&rft.aulast=Plous&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F0022343393030002004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Sachs JD (April 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730032849/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41463-017-0019-5">"Globalization—In the Name of Which Freedom?"</a>. Humanistic Management Journal (dalam bahasa Inggris). 1 (2): 237–252. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs41463-017-0019-5">10.1007/s41463-017-0019-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2366-603X">2366-603X</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s41463-017-0019-5">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 July 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Humanistic+Management+Journal&rft.atitle=Globalization%E2%80%94In+the+Name+of+Which+Freedom%3F&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=237-252&rft.date=2017-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs41463-017-0019-5&rft.issn=2366-603X&rft.aulast=Sachs&rft.aufirst=JD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2F10.1007%2Fs41463-017-0019-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126032610/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/">"World"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/CIA" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a>. 17 May 2016. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world">versi asli</a> tanggal 26 January 2021. Diakses tanggal 2 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.atitle=World&rft.date=2016-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fworld&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190626225001/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf">"World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision"</a> (PDF). United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. 2017. hlm. 2&17. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 26 June 2019. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects%3A+The+2017+Revision&rft.pages=2%2617&rft.pub=United+Nations%2C+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesa.un.org%2Funpd%2Fwpp%2FPublications%2FFiles%2FWPP2017_KeyFindings.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181101135338/http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/urbanization/the_worlds_cities_in_2018_data_booklet.pdf">"The World's Cities in 2018"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Perserikatan_Bangsa-Bangsa" title="Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa">Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/events/citiesday/assets/pdf/the_worlds_cities_in_2018_data_booklet.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 1 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perserikatan+Bangsa-Bangsa&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+Cities+in+2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fevents%2Fcitiesday%2Fassets%2Fpdf%2Fthe_worlds_cities_in_2018_data_booklet.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Rector RK (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730032849/https://www.worldcat.org/title/early-river-valley-civilizations/oclc/953735302">The Early River Valley Civilizations</a> (edisi ke-First). New York, NY. hlm. 10. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4994-6329-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4994-6329-3">978-1-4994-6329-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/953735302">953735302</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/953735302">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 July 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Early+River+Valley+Civilizations&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=10&rft.edition=First&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F953735302&rft.isbn=978-1-4994-6329-3&rft.aulast=Rector&rft.aufirst=RK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F953735302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225132108/http://www.westerville.k12.oh.us/userfiles/4188/Classes/7526/humanforcesthatchangeenvironment.pdf?id=448117">"How People Modify the Environment"</a> (PDF). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Westerville_City_School_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Westerville City School District (halaman belum tersedia)">Westerville City School District</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westerville.k12.oh.us/userfiles/4188/Classes/7526/humanforcesthatchangeenvironment.pdf?id=448117">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 25 February 2021. Diakses tanggal 13 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+People+Modify+the+Environment&rft.pub=Westerville+City+School+District&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.westerville.k12.oh.us%2Fuserfiles%2F4188%2FClasses%2F7526%2Fhumanforcesthatchangeenvironment.pdf%3Fid%3D448117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809063303/https://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLACREGTOPHAZMAN/Resources/EN_Breve_Oct03_32_Nat_Dis_EN.pdf">"Natural disasters and the urban poor"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Bank_Dunia" title="Bank Dunia">Bank Dunia</a>. Oktober 2003. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLACREGTOPHAZMAN/Resources/EN_Breve_Oct03_32_Nat_Dis_EN.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 9 Agustus 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Natural+disasters+and+the+urban+poor&rft.pub=Bank+Dunia&rft.date=2003-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsiteresources.worldbank.org%2FINTLACREGTOPHAZMAN%2FResources%2FEN_Breve_Oct03_32_Nat_Dis_EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Habitat UN (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730032849/https://www.worldcat.org/title/state-of-the-worlds-cities-2012-prosperity-of-cities/oclc/889953315">The state of the world's cities 2012 / prosperity of cities</a>. [London]: Routledge. hlm. x. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-135-01559-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-135-01559-6">978-1-135-01559-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/889953315">889953315</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/889953315">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 July 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+state+of+the+world%27s+cities+2012+%2F+prosperity+of+cities.&rft.place=%5BLondon%5D&rft.pages=x&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F889953315&rft.isbn=978-1-135-01559-6&rft.aulast=Habitat&rft.aufirst=UN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F889953315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:10-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_114-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_114-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book">Piantadosi CA (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220730032850/https://www.worldcat.org/title/biology-of-human-survival-life-and-death-in-extreme-environments/oclc/70215878">The biology of human survival : life and death in extreme environments</a>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 2–3. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-974807-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-974807-5">978-0-19-974807-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/70215878">70215878</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/70215878">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 July 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+biology+of+human+survival+%3A+life+and+death+in+extreme+environments&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=2-3&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70215878&rft.isbn=978-0-19-974807-5&rft.aulast=Piantadosi&rft.aufirst=CA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F70215878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-adapt1-115"><a href="#cite_ref-adapt1_115-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">O'Neil D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130306124405/https://anthro.palomar.edu/adapt/adapt_1.htm">"Human Biological Adaptability; Overview"</a>. Palomar College. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anthro.palomar.edu/adapt/adapt_1.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 March 2013. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Biological+Adaptability%3B+Overview&rft.pub=Palomar+College&rft.aulast=O%27Neil&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanthro.palomar.edu%2Fadapt%2Fadapt_1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170623234027/https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/population/population_distribution_rev1.shtml">"Population distribution and density"</a>. BBC. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/population/population_distribution_rev1.shtml">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 June 2017. Diakses tanggal 26 June 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+distribution+and+density&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fschools%2Fgcsebitesize%2Fgeography%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation_distribution_rev1.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bunn SE, Arthington AH (October 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_environmental-management_2002-10_30_4/page/492">"Basic principles and ecological consequences of altered flow regimes for aquatic biodiversity"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Environmental_Management_(jurnal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Environmental Management (jurnal) (halaman belum tersedia)">Environmental Management</a>. 30 (4): 492–507. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00267-002-2737-0">10.1007/s00267-002-2737-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/Handle_System" title="Handle System">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//hdl.handle.net/10072%2F6758">10072/6758</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12481916">12481916</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Management&rft.atitle=Basic+principles+and+ecological+consequences+of+altered+flow+regimes+for+aquatic+biodiversity&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=492-507&rft.date=2002-10&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10072%2F6758&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12481916&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00267-002-2737-0&rft.aulast=Bunn&rft.aufirst=SE&rft.au=Arthington%2C+AH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_environmental-management_2002-10_30_4%2Fpage%2F492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_118-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Heim BE (1990–1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623152719/https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals%2Fvantl23&id=831&div=&collection=">"Exploring the Last Frontiers for Mineral Resources: A Comparison of International Law Regarding the Deep Seabed, Outer Space, and Antarctica"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vanderbilt_Journal_of_Transnational_Law&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law (halaman belum tersedia)">Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law</a>. 23: 819. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/vantl23&id=831&div=&collection=">versi asli</a> tanggal 23 June 2021. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vanderbilt+Journal+of+Transnational+Law&rft.atitle=Exploring+the+Last+Frontiers+for+Mineral+Resources%3A+A+Comparison+of+International+Law+Regarding+the+Deep+Seabed%2C+Outer+Space%2C+and+Antarctica&rft.volume=23&rft.pages=819&rft.date=1990%2F1991&rft.aulast=Heim&rft.aufirst=BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%2Fvantl23%26id%3D831%26div%3D%26collection%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150818014850/https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-science-laboratory-curiosity-rover-msl">"Mission to Mars: Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity Rover"</a>. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/mars-science-laboratory-curiosity-rover-msl/">versi asli</a> tanggal 18 August 2015. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mission+to+Mars%3A+Mars+Science+Laboratory+Curiosity+Rover&rft.pub=Jet+Propulsion+Laboratory&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpl.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fmars-science-laboratory-curiosity-rover-msl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150822055902/https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Touchdown!_Rosetta_s_Philae_probe_lands_on_comet">"Touchdown! Rosetta's Philae probe lands on comet"</a>. European Space Agency. 12 November 2014. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/Touchdown!_Rosetta_s_Philae_probe_lands_on_comet">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 August 2015. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Touchdown%21+Rosetta%27s+Philae+probe+lands+on+comet&rft.pub=European+Space+Agency&rft.date=2014-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esa.int%2FOur_Activities%2FSpace_Science%2FRosetta%2FTouchdown%21_Rosetta_s_Philae_probe_lands_on_comet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150826173835/https://science.nasa.gov/missions/near/">"NEAR-Shoemaker"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://science.nasa.gov/missions/near/">versi asli</a> tanggal 26 August 2015. Diakses tanggal 26 August 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NEAR-Shoemaker&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fnear%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-urlNASA-122"><a href="#cite_ref-urlNASA_122-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Kraft R (11 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120216221409/https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/jscfeatures/articles/000000945.html">"JSC celebrates ten years of continuous human presence aboard the International Space Station"</a>. JSC Features. <a href="/wiki/Johnson_Space_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnson Space Center">Johnson Space Center</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jsc.nasa.gov/jscfeatures/articles/000000945.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 16 February 2012. Diakses tanggal 13 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JSC+Features&rft.atitle=JSC+celebrates+ten+years+of+continuous+human+presence+aboard+the+International+Space+Station&rft.date=2010-12-11&rft.aulast=Kraft&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jsc.nasa.gov%2Fjscfeatures%2Farticles%2F000000945.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Bar-On-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bar-On_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bar-On_123-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Bar-On YM, Phillips R, Milo R (June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016768">"The biomass distribution on Earth"</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 115 (25): 6506–6511. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PNAS..115.6506B">2018PNAS..115.6506B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1711842115">10.1073/pnas.1711842115</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016768">6016768</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29784790">29784790</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=The+biomass+distribution+on+Earth&rft.volume=115&rft.issue=25&rft.pages=6506-6511&rft.date=2018-06&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6016768&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F29784790&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1711842115&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018PNAS..115.6506B&rft.aulast=Bar-On&rft.aufirst=YM&rft.au=Phillips%2C+R&rft.au=Milo%2C+R&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6016768&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <code><ref></code> tidak sah; nama "Bar-On" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Tellier LN (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408113906/https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA26">Urban world history: an economic and geographical perspective</a>. hlm. 26. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-2-7605-1588-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-2-7605-1588-8">978-2-7605-1588-8</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cXuCjDbxC1YC&pg=PA26">versi asli</a> tanggal 8 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022 – via <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Books">Google Books</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+world+history%3A+an+economic+and+geographical+perspective&rft.pages=26&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-2-7605-1588-8&rft.aulast=Tellier&rft.aufirst=LN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcXuCjDbxC1YC%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Thomlinson R (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/demographicprobl0000thom_1975">Demographic problems; controversy over population control</a> (edisi ke-2nd). 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Co. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-8221-0166-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-8221-0166-6">978-0-8221-0166-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demographic+problems%3B+controversy+over+population+control.&rft.place=Ecino%2C+California&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Dickenson+Pub.+Co&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8221-0166-6&rft.aulast=Thomlinson&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdemographicprobl0000thom_1975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Harl KW (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160507061006/https://www.tulane.edu/~august/H303/handouts/Population.htm">"Population estimates of the Roman Empire"</a>. Tulane.edu. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tulane.edu/~august/H303/handouts/Population.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 7 May 2016. Diakses tanggal 8 December 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+estimates+of+the+Roman+Empire&rft.pub=Tulane.edu&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Harl&rft.aufirst=KW&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tulane.edu%2F~august%2FH303%2Fhandouts%2FPopulation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Zietz BP, Dunkelberg H (February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7128933">"The history of the plague and the research on the causative agent Yersinia pestis"</a>. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. 207 (2): 165–78. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1078%2F1438-4639-00259">10.1078/1438-4639-00259</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7128933">7128933</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15031959">15031959</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Hygiene+and+Environmental+Health&rft.atitle=The+history+of+the+plague+and+the+research+on+the+causative+agent+Yersinia+pestis&rft.volume=207&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=165-78&rft.date=2004-02&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7128933&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15031959&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1078%2F1438-4639-00259&rft.aulast=Zietz&rft.aufirst=BP&rft.au=Dunkelberg%2C+H&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7128933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080415053354/https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/411162.stm">"World's population reaches six billion"</a>. BBC News. 5 August 1999. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/411162.stm">versi asli</a> tanggal 15 April 2008. Diakses tanggal 5 February 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=World%27s+population+reaches+six+billion&rft.date=1999-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F411162.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <cite class="citation web">United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/desa/world-population-reach-8-billion-15-november-2022">"World population to reach 8 billion on 15 November 2022"</a>. United Nations (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2022-10-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=World+population+to+reach+8+billion+on+15+November+2022&rft.au=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fdesa%2Fworld-population-reach-8-billion-15-november-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-03792-4">"Eight billion people, SARS-CoV-2 ancestor and illegal fishing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nature_(jurnal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature (jurnal)">Nature</a>. 611 (641): 641. 23 November 2022. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fd41586-022-03792-4">10.1038/d41586-022-03792-4</a>. Diakses tanggal 26 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Eight+billion+people%2C+SARS-CoV-2+ancestor+and+illegal+fishing&rft.volume=611&rft.issue=641&rft.pages=641&rft.date=2022-11-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fd41586-022-03792-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fd41586-022-03792-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170924090953/http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/world-july-dec11-population1_10-27/">"World Population to Hit Milestone With Birth of 7 Billionth Person"</a>. PBS NewsHour. 27 October 2011. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/world-july-dec11-population1_10-27/">versi asli</a> tanggal 24 September 2017. Diakses tanggal 11 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=World+Population+to+Hit+Milestone+With+Birth+of+7+Billionth+Person&rft.date=2011-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fbb%2Fworld-july-dec11-population1_10-27%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Roza G (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151110200741/https://books.google.com/books?id=vhO8Ia2ik7oC">Inside the human body : using scientific and exponential notation</a>. New York: Rosen Pub. Group's PowerKids Press. hlm. 21. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4042-3362-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4042-3362-1">978-1-4042-3362-1</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vhO8Ia2ik7oC">versi asli</a> tanggal 10 November 2015. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+the+human+body+%3A+using+scientific+and+exponential+notation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Rosen+Pub.+Group%27s+PowerKids+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4042-3362-1&rft.aulast=Roza&rft.aufirst=G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvhO8Ia2ik7oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130105065620/https://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html">"Human Anatomy"</a>. Inner Body. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 January 2013. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Anatomy&rft.pub=Inner+Body&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.innerbody.com%2Fhtm%2Fbody.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Revolution-134"><a href="#cite_ref-Revolution_134-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Collins D (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanrevolutionf0000coll">The Human Revolution: From Ape to Artist<img alt="Perlu mendaftar (gratis)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/14px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Lock-blue-alt-2.svg/18px-Lock-blue-alt-2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></a>. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanrevolutionf0000coll/page/208">208</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7148-1676-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7148-1676-0">978-0-7148-1676-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Human+Revolution%3A+From+Ape+to+Artist&rft.pages=208&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-7148-1676-0&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhumanrevolutionf0000coll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Marks JM (2001). 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Diakses tanggal 6 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Primates&rft.atitle=Humans&rft.aulast=O%27Neil&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanthro.palomar.edu%2Fprimate%2Fprim_8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210225235006/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg23631460-700-why-are-humans-so-hairy/">"How to be Human: The reason we are so scarily hairy"</a>. New Scientist. 2017. 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Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology. 136 (1): 71–84. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS1095-6433%2802%2900294-5">10.1016/S1095-6433(02)00294-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14527631">14527631</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Biochemistry+and+Physiology.+Part+A%2C+Molecular+%26+Integrative+Physiology&rft.atitle=Rapid+morphological+change+in+living+humans%3A+implications+for+modern+human+origins&rft.volume=136&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=71-84&rft.date=2003-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS1095-6433%2802%2900294-5&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14527631&rft.aulast=Bogin&rft.aufirst=B&rft.au=Rios%2C+L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111208053451/https://articleworld.org/index.php/Human_weight">"Human weight"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 31 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mass+Of+An+Adult&rft.pub=The+Physics+Factbook%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+Scientific+Essays&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Schlessingerman&rft.aufirst=A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhypertextbook.com%2Ffacts%2F2003%2FAlexSchlessingerman.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kushner R (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211022104816/https://books.google.com/books?id=vWjK5etS7PMC&pg=PA121">Treatment of the Obese Patient (Contemporary Endocrinology)</a>. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. hlm. 158. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-59745-400-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-59745-400-1">978-1-59745-400-1</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vWjK5etS7PMC&pg=PA121">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 October 2021. Diakses tanggal 5 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treatment+of+the+Obese+Patient+%28Contemporary+Endocrinology%29&rft.place=Totowa%2C+NJ&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Humana+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59745-400-1&rft.aulast=Kushner&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvWjK5etS7PMC%26pg%3DPA121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Anes2000-146"><a href="#cite_ref-Anes2000_146-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Adams JP, Murphy PG (July 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_british-journal-of-anaesthesia_2000-07_85_1/page/91">"Obesity in anaesthesia and intensive care"</a>. 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The New York Times. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/27/health/27well.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Human+Body+Is+Built+for+Distance&rft.date=2009-10-27&rft.aulast=Parker-Pope&rft.aufirst=T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F10%2F27%2Fhealth%2F27well.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <cite class="citation web">John B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130131184339/https://www.livestrong.com/article/514545-what-is-the-role-of-sweat-glands-in-balancing-body-temperature-when-running-a-marathon/">"What is the role of sweating glands in balancing body temperature when running a marathon?"</a>. Livestrong.com. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livestrong.com/article/514545-what-is-the-role-of-sweat-glands-in-balancing-body-temperature-when-running-a-marathon/">versi asli</a> tanggal 31 January 2013. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+the+role+of+sweating+glands+in+balancing+body+temperature+when+running+a+marathon%3F&rft.pub=Livestrong.com&rft.aulast=John&rft.aufirst=B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livestrong.com%2Farticle%2F514545-what-is-the-role-of-sweat-glands-in-balancing-body-temperature-when-running-a-marathon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Therman1980-150"><a href="#cite_ref-Therman1980_150-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Therman E (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanchromosomes0000ther_f7n0">Human Chromosomes: Structure, Behavior, Effects</a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer US</a>. hlm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/humanchromosomes0000ther_f7n0/page/112">112</a>–24. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-1-4684-0107-3">10.1007/978-1-4684-0107-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4684-0109-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4684-0109-7">978-1-4684-0109-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Chromosomes%3A+Structure%2C+Behavior%2C+Effects&rft.pages=112-24&rft.pub=Springer+US&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-1-4684-0107-3&rft.isbn=978-1-4684-0109-7&rft.aulast=Therman&rft.aufirst=E&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhumanchromosomes0000ther_f7n0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Edwards JH, Dent T, Kahn J (June 1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1012913">"Monozygotic twins of different sex"</a>. 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American Journal of Medical Genetics. 61 (3): 216–28. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-8628%2819960122%2961%3A3%3C216%3A%3AAID-AJMG5%3E3.0.CO%3B2-S">10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960122)61:3<216::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-S</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8741866">8741866</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Medical+Genetics&rft.atitle=Some+causes+of+genotypic+and+phenotypic+discordance+in+monozygotic+twin+pairs&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=216-28&rft.date=1996-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291096-8628%2819960122%2961%3A3%3C216%3A%3AAID-AJMG5%3E3.0.CO%3B2-S&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8741866&rft.aulast=Machin&rft.aufirst=GA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Jonsson H, Magnusdottir E, Eggertsson HP, Stefansson OA, Arnadottir GA, Eiriksson O, et al. 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Nature Genetics. 53 (1): 27–34. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41588-020-00755-1">10.1038/s41588-020-00755-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33414551">33414551</a> Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|pmid=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_pmid" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Genetics&rft.atitle=Differences+between+germline+genomes+of+monozygotic+twins&rft.volume=53&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27-34&rft.date=2021-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41588-020-00755-1&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33414551&rft.aulast=Jonsson&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Magnusdottir%2C+E&rft.au=Eggertsson%2C+HP&rft.au=Stefansson%2C+OA&rft.au=Arnadottir%2C+GA&rft.au=Eiriksson%2C+O&rft.au=Zink%2C+F&rft.au=Helgason%2C+EA&rft.au=Jonsdottir%2C+I&rft.au=Gylfason%2C+A&rft.au=Jonasdottir%2C+A&rft.au=Jonasdottir%2C+A&rft.au=Beyter%2C+D&rft.au=Steingrimsdottir%2C+T&rft.au=Norddahl%2C+GL&rft.au=Magnusson%2C+OT&rft.au=Masson%2C+G&rft.au=Halldorsson%2C+BV&rft.au=Thorsteinsdottir%2C+U&rft.au=Helgason%2C+A&rft.au=Sulem%2C+P&rft.au=Gudbjartsson%2C+DF&rft.au=Stefansson%2C+K&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130825143543/https://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih1/genetic/guide/genetic_variation1.htm">"Genetic – Understanding Human Genetic Variation"</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 13 December 2013. <q>Between any two humans, the amount of genetic variation—biochemical individuality—is about 0.1%.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Genetic+Variation&rft.atitle=Genetic+%E2%80%93+Understanding+Human+Genetic+Variation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscience.education.nih.gov%2Fsupplements%2Fnih1%2Fgenetic%2Fguide%2Fgenetic_variation1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Levy S, Sutton G, Ng PC, Feuk L, Halpern AL, Walenz BP, et al. 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PLOS Biology. 5 (10): e254. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0050254">10.1371/journal.pbio.0050254</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1964779">1964779</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17803354">17803354</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Biology&rft.atitle=The+diploid+genome+sequence+of+an+individual+human&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=e254&rft.date=2007-09&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1964779&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17803354&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pbio.0050254&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Sutton%2C+G&rft.au=Ng%2C+PC&rft.au=Feuk%2C+L&rft.au=Halpern%2C+AL&rft.au=Walenz%2C+BP&rft.au=Axelrod%2C+N&rft.au=Huang%2C+J&rft.au=Kirkness%2C+EF&rft.au=Denisov%2C+G&rft.au=Lin%2C+Y&rft.au=MacDonald%2C+JR&rft.au=Pang%2C+AW&rft.au=Shago%2C+M&rft.au=Stockwell%2C+TB&rft.au=Tsiamouri%2C+A&rft.au=Bafna%2C+V&rft.au=Bansal%2C+V&rft.au=Kravitz%2C+SA&rft.au=Busam%2C+DA&rft.au=Beeson%2C+KY&rft.au=McIntosh%2C+TC&rft.au=Remington%2C+KA&rft.au=Abril%2C+JF&rft.au=Gill%2C+J&rft.au=Borman%2C+J&rft.au=Rogers%2C+YH&rft.au=Frazier%2C+ME&rft.au=Scherer%2C+SW&rft.au=Strausberg%2C+RL&rft.au=Venter%2C+JC&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1964779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-REGWG2005-156"><a href="#cite_ref-REGWG2005_156-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Race, Ethnicity, and Genetics Working Group (October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1275602">"The use of racial, ethnic, and ancestral categories in human genetics research"</a>. American Journal of Human Genetics. 77 (4): 519–32. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F491747">10.1086/491747</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1275602">1275602</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16175499">16175499</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=The+use+of+racial%2C+ethnic%2C+and+ancestral+categories+in+human+genetics+research&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=519-32&rft.date=2005-10&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1275602&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16175499&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F491747&rft.au=Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+and+Genetics+Working+Group&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1275602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-oxf-157"><a href="#cite_ref-oxf_157-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131218091207/https://www.ox.ac.uk/media/news_stories/2012/120302.html">"Chimps show much greater genetic diversity than humans"</a>. 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American Journal of Human Genetics. 84 (6): 740–59. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2009.05.001">10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.05.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2694979">2694979</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19500773">19500773</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&rft.atitle=Correcting+for+purifying+selection%3A+an+improved+human+mitochondrial+molecular+clock&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=740-59&rft.date=2009-06&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2694979&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19500773&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2009.05.001&rft.aulast=Soares&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Ermini%2C+L&rft.au=Thomson%2C+N&rft.au=Mormina%2C+M&rft.au=Rito%2C+T&rft.au=R%C3%B6hl%2C+A&rft.au=Salas%2C+A&rft.au=Oppenheimer%2C+S&rft.au=Macaulay%2C+V&rft.au=Richards%2C+MB&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2694979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170820230218/https://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/245/new_molecular_clock_aids_dating_of_human_migration_history">"University of Leeds | News > Technology > New 'molecular clock' aids dating of human migration history"</a>. 20 August 2017. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/245/new_molecular_clock_aids_dating_of_human_migration_history">versi asli</a> tanggal 20 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+Leeds+%26%23124%3B+News+%3E+Technology+%3E+New+%27molecular+clock%27+aids+dating+of+human+migration+history&rft.date=2017-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leeds.ac.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F245%2Fnew_molecular_clock_aids_dating_of_human_migration_history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-poz-169"><a href="#cite_ref-poz_169-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Poznik GD, Henn BM, Yee MC, Sliwerska E, Euskirchen GM, Lin AA, et al. 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Science. 341 (6145): 562–5. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Sci...341..562P">2013Sci...341..562P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1237619">10.1126/science.1237619</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4032117">4032117</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23908239">23908239</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Sequencing+Y+chromosomes+resolves+discrepancy+in+time+to+common+ancestor+of+males+versus+females&rft.volume=341&rft.issue=6145&rft.pages=562-5&rft.date=2013-08&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4032117&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23908239&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1237619&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2013Sci...341..562P&rft.aulast=Poznik&rft.aufirst=GD&rft.au=Henn%2C+BM&rft.au=Yee%2C+MC&rft.au=Sliwerska%2C+E&rft.au=Euskirchen%2C+GM&rft.au=Lin%2C+AA&rft.au=Snyder%2C+M&rft.au=Quintana-Murci%2C+L&rft.au=Kidd%2C+JM&rft.au=Underhill%2C+PA&rft.au=Bustamante%2C+CD&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4032117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-She2016-170"><a href="#cite_ref-She2016_170-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Shehan CL (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181340/https://books.google.com/books?id=-gSeCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA406">The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Family Studies, 4 Volume Set</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). John Wiley & Sons. hlm. 406. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-470-65845-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-470-65845-1">978-0-470-65845-1</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-gSeCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA406">versi asli</a> tanggal 10 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wiley+Blackwell+Encyclopedia+of+Family+Studies%2C+4+Volume+Set&rft.pages=406&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-470-65845-1&rft.aulast=Shehan&rft.aufirst=CL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-gSeCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|name-list-style=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>); Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Jukic AM, Baird DD, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarice_Weinberg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarice Weinberg (halaman belum tersedia)">Weinberg CR</a>, McConnaughey DR, Wilcox AJ (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777570">"Length of human pregnancy and contributors to its natural variation"</a>. Human Reproduction. 28 (10): 2848–55. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhumrep%2Fdet297">10.1093/humrep/det297</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3777570">3777570</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23922246">23922246</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Reproduction&rft.atitle=Length+of+human+pregnancy+and+contributors+to+its+natural+variation&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=2848-55&rft.date=2013-10&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3777570&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23922246&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhumrep%2Fdet297&rft.aulast=Jukic&rft.aufirst=AM&rft.au=Baird%2C+DD&rft.au=Weinberg%2C+CR&rft.au=McConnaughey%2C+DR&rft.au=Wilcox%2C+AJ&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3777570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-nursing-172"><a href="#cite_ref-nursing_172-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Klossner NJ (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408103945/https://books.google.com/books?id=B47OVg25g-QC&q=fetal+stage+begins&pg=PA103">Introductory Maternity Nursing</a>. hlm. 103. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-7817-6237-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-7817-6237-3">978-0-7817-6237-3</a>. 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Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022. <q>The fetal stage is from the beginning of the 9th week after fertilization and continues until birth</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introductory+Maternity+Nursing&rft.pages=103&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7817-6237-3&rft.aulast=Klossner&rft.aufirst=NJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB47OVg25g-QC%26q%3Dfetal%2Bstage%2Bbegins%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-WHO2014-173"><a href="#cite_ref-WHO2014_173-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">World Health Organization (November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150307050438/https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs363/en/">"Preterm birth Fact sheet N°363"</a>. who.int. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs363/en/">versi asli</a> tanggal 7 March 2015. Diakses tanggal 6 March 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=who.int&rft.atitle=Preterm+birth+Fact+sheet+N%C2%B0363&rft.date=2014-11&rft.au=World+Health+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fmediacentre%2Ffactsheets%2Ffs363%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Kiserud T, Benachi A, Hecher K, Perez RG, Carvalho J, Piaggio G, Platt LD (February 2018). 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American Journal of Physical Anthropology (dalam bahasa Inggris). 35 (S15): 89–124. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajpa.1330350605">10.1002/ajpa.1330350605</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1096-8644">1096-8644</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Physical+Anthropology&rft.atitle=The+evolution+of+modern+human+childbirth&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=S15&rft.pages=89-124&rft.date=1992&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fajpa.1330350605&rft.issn=1096-8644&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=KR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Pavlicev-178">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pavlicev_178-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pavlicev_178-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Pavličev M, Romero R, Mitteroecker P (January 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9069416">"Evolution of the human pelvis and obstructed labor: new explanations of an old obstetrical dilemma"</a>. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 222 (1): 3–16. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2019.06.043">10.1016/j.ajog.2019.06.043</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9069416">9069416</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /> Periksa nilai <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|pmc=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#bad_pmc" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>). <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31251927">31251927</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Obstetrics+and+Gynecology&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+the+human+pelvis+and+obstructed+labor%3A+new+explanations+of+an+old+obstetrical+dilemma&rft.volume=222&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-16&rft.date=2020-01&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9069416&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31251927&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ajog.2019.06.043&rft.aulast=Pavli%C4%8Dev&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Romero%2C+R&rft.au=Mitteroecker%2C+P&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9069416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Barras C (22 December 2016). "The real reasons why childbirth is so painful and dangerous". BBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+real+reasons+why+childbirth+is+so+painful+and+dangerous&rft.date=2016-12-22&rft.aulast=Barras&rft.aufirst=C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Kantrowitz B (2 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070628160443/https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19389326/site/newsweek/">"What Kills One Woman Every Minute of Every Day?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19389326/site/newsweek/">versi asli</a> tanggal 28 June 2007. <q>A woman dies in childbirth every minute, most often due to uncontrolled bleeding and infection, with the world's poorest women most vulnerable. The lifetime risk is 1 in 16 in <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">sub-Saharan Africa</a>, compared to 1 in 2,800 in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Developed_countries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Developed countries (halaman belum tersedia)">developed countries</a>.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=What+Kills+One+Woman+Every+Minute+of+Every+Day%3F&rft.date=2007-07-02&rft.aulast=Kantrowitz&rft.aufirst=B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msnbc.msn.com%2Fid%2F19389326%2Fsite%2Fnewsweek%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Rush2000-181"><a href="#cite_ref-Rush2000_181-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Rush D (July 2000). "Nutrition and maternal mortality in the developing world". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 72 (1 Suppl): 212S–240S. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fajcn%2F72.1.212S">10.1093/ajcn/72.1.212S</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10871588">10871588</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Journal+of+Clinical+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Nutrition+and+maternal+mortality+in+the+developing+world&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=1+Suppl&rft.pages=212S-240S&rft.date=2000-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fajcn%2F72.1.212S&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10871588&rft.aulast=Rush&rft.aufirst=D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Laland KN, Brown G (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200803081451/https://books.google.com/books?id=2KcbFVBSxWYC">Sense and Nonsense: Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Behaviour</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. hlm. 7. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-958696-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-958696-7">978-0-19-958696-7</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2KcbFVBSxWYC">versi asli</a> tanggal 3 August 2020. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sense+and+Nonsense%3A+Evolutionary+Perspectives+on+Human+Behaviour&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-958696-7&rft.aulast=Laland&rft.aufirst=KN&rft.au=Brown%2C+G&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2KcbFVBSxWYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Kail-183"><a href="#cite_ref-Kail_183-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Kail RV, Cavanaugh JC (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112190914/https://books.google.com/books?id=E-n5E7oyCgoC&pg=PA296">Human Development: A Lifespan View</a> (edisi ke-5th). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cengage_Learning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cengage Learning (halaman belum tersedia)">Cengage Learning</a>. hlm. 296. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-495-60037-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-495-60037-4">978-0-495-60037-4</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=E-n5E7oyCgoC&pg=PA296">versi asli</a> tanggal 12 January 2021. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Development%3A+A+Lifespan+View&rft.pages=296&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-495-60037-4&rft.aulast=Kail&rft.aufirst=RV&rft.au=Cavanaugh%2C+JC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DE-n5E7oyCgoC%26pg%3DPA296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Schuiling-184"><a href="#cite_ref-Schuiling_184-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Schuiling KD, Likis FE (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220514171746/https://books.google.com/books?id=QTDFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA22">Women's Gynecologic Health</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jones_%26_Bartlett_Learning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jones & Bartlett Learning (halaman belum tersedia)">Jones & Bartlett Learning</a>. hlm. 22. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-284-12501-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-284-12501-6">978-1-284-12501-6</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QTDFDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA22">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 May 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022. <q>The changes that occur during puberty usually happen in an ordered sequence, beginning with thelarche (breast development) at around age 10 or 11, followed by adrenarche (growth of pubic hair due to androgen stimulation), peak height velocity, and finally menarche (the onset of menses), which usually occurs around age 12 or 13.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Gynecologic+Health&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Jones+%26+Bartlett+Learning&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-284-12501-6&rft.aulast=Schuiling&rft.aufirst=KD&rft.au=Likis%2C+FE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQTDFDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Phillips-185"><a href="#cite_ref-Phillips_185-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Phillips DC (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425145917/https://books.google.com/books?id=84StBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18">Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy</a>. <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a>. hlm. 18–19. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4833-6475-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4833-6475-9">978-1-4833-6475-9</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=84StBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA18">versi asli</a> tanggal 25 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022. <q>On average, the onset of puberty is about 18 months earlier for girls (usually starting around the age of 10 or 11 and lasting until they are 15 to 17) than for boys (who usually begin puberty at about the age of 11 to 12 and complete it by the age of 16 to 17, on average).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Educational+Theory+and+Philosophy&rft.pages=18-19&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4833-6475-9&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=DC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D84StBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Mintz S (1993). 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Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 18 (Suppl 1): S53–62. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2F2230-8210.145075">10.4103/2230-8210.145075</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266869">4266869</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25538878">25538878</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indian+Journal+of+Endocrinology+and+Metabolism&rft.atitle=Advances+in+pubertal+growth+and+factors+influencing+it%3A+Can+we+increase+pubertal+growth%3F&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.pages=S53-62&rft.date=2014-11&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4266869&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25538878&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4103%2F2230-8210.145075&rft.aulast=Soliman&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=De+Sanctis%2C+V&rft.au=Elalaily%2C+R&rft.au=Bedair%2C+S&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4266869&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Walker ML, Herndon JG (September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2553520">"Menopause in nonhuman primates?"</a>. 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Archaeology Newsbriefs. 50 (4). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archaeology.org/9707/newsbriefs/squash.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 3 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archaeology+Newsbriefs&rft.atitle=Earliest+Agriculture+in+the+New+World&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1997-07%2F1997-08&rft.aulast=Harrington&rft.aufirst=SP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.org%2F9707%2Fnewsbriefs%2Fsquash.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Balter M (13 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070216093200/https://sciencenow.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2007/213/2">"Double Cropping the Earliest Agriculture"</a>. ScienceNOW Daily News. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 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BBC News. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5038116.stm">versi asli</a> tanggal 2 June 2006. Diakses tanggal 19 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ancient+fig+clue+to+first+farming&rft.date=2006-06-02&rft.aulast=Morelle&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fscience%2Fnature%2F5038116.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|name-list-style=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Krebs JR (September 2009). "The gourmet ape: evolution and human food preferences". 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Human Biology. 69 (5): 605–28. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9299882">9299882</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Biology&rft.atitle=Phylogenetic+analysis+of+the+evolution+of+lactose+digestion+in+adults&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=605-28&rft.date=1997-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9299882&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=C&rft.au=Mace%2C+R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_human-biology_1997-10_69_5%2Fpage%2F605&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Gibbons A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140818204010/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/foodfeatures/evolution-of-diet/">"The Evolution of Diet"</a>. National Geographic. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/foodfeatures/evolution-of-diet/">versi asli</a> tanggal 18 August 2014. 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ourworldindata.org/diet-compositions">versi asli</a> tanggal 25 August 2021. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Our+World+in+Data&rft.atitle=Diet+Compositions&rft.date=2017-08-20&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=H&rft.au=Roser%2C+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fourworldindata.org%2Fdiet-compositions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Lieberson AD (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190214012729/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-long-can-a-person-survive-without-food/">"How Long Can a Person Survive without Food?"</a>. Scientific American (dalam bahasa Inggris). 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Diakses tanggal 18 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=How+Long+Can+a+Person+Survive+without+Food%3F&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Lieberson&rft.aufirst=AD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fhow-long-can-a-person-survive-without-food%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Spector D (9 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140626030756/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/how-many-days-can-you-survive-without-water-2014-5">"Here's how many days a person can survive without water"</a>. Business Insider Australia (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com.au/how-many-days-can-you-survive-without-water-2014-5">versi asli</a> tanggal 26 June 2014. Diakses tanggal 18 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider+Australia&rft.atitle=Here%27s+how+many+days+a+person+can+survive+without+water&rft.date=2018-03-09&rft.aulast=Spector&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com.au%2Fhow-many-days-can-you-survive-without-water-2014-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Holmes J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200527235650/https://www.un.org/en/chronicle/article/losing-25000-hunger-every-day">"Losing 25,000 to Hunger Every Day"</a>. 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Lancet. 349 (9063): 1436–42. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2896%2907495-8">10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07495-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9164317">9164317</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Global+mortality%2C+disability%2C+and+the+contribution+of+risk+factors%3A+Global+Burden+of+Disease+Study&rft.volume=349&rft.issue=9063&rft.pages=1436-42&rft.date=1997-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2896%2907495-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9164317&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=CJ&rft.au=Lopez%2C+AD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Haslam-217">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Haslam_217-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Haslam_217-1">b</a> <cite class="citation journal">Haslam DW, James WP (October 2005). 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Economics and Human Biology. 2 (1): 45–55. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ehb.2003.11.001">10.1016/j.ehb.2003.11.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15463992">15463992</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economics+and+Human+Biology&rft.atitle=Observations+on+the+history+of+Dutch+physical+stature+from+the+late-Middle+Ages+to+the+present&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-55&rft.date=2004-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ehb.2003.11.001&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15463992&rft.aulast=de+Beer&rft.aufirst=H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-adapt2-220"><a href="#cite_ref-adapt2_220-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web">O'Neil D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130106211840/https://anthro.palomar.edu/adapt/adapt_2.htm">"Adapting to Climate Extremes"</a>. Human Biological Adaptability. Palomar College. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://anthro.palomar.edu/adapt/adapt_2.htm">versi asli</a> tanggal 6 January 2013. Diakses tanggal 6 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Biological+Adaptability&rft.atitle=Adapting+to+Climate+Extremes&rft.aulast=O%27Neil&rft.aufirst=D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanthro.palomar.edu%2Fadapt%2Fadapt_2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Rask-Andersen M, Karlsson T, Ek WE, Johansson Å (September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5600404">"Gene-environment interaction study for BMI reveals interactions between genetic factors and physical activity, alcohol consumption and socioeconomic status"</a>. PLOS Genetics. 13 (9): e1006977. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1006977">10.1371/journal.pgen.1006977</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5600404">5600404</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28873402">28873402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PLOS+Genetics&rft.atitle=Gene-environment+interaction+study+for+BMI+reveals+interactions+between+genetic+factors+and+physical+activity%2C+alcohol+consumption+and+socioeconomic+status&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=e1006977&rft.date=2017-09&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5600404&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28873402&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pgen.1006977&rft.aulast=Rask-Andersen&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Karlsson%2C+T&rft.au=Ek%2C+WE&rft.au=Johansson%2C+%C3%85&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5600404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Beja-Pereira A, Luikart G, England PR, Bradley DG, Jann OC, Bertorelle G, et al. 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Science. 367 (6484): eaay5012. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.aay5012">10.1126/science.aay5012</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7115999">7115999</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32193295">32193295</a>. <q>An analysis of archaic sequences in modern populations identifies ancestral genetic variation in African populations that likely predates modern humans and has been lost in most non-African populations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Insights+into+human+genetic+variation+and+population+history+from+929+diverse+genomes&rft.volume=367&rft.issue=6484&rft.pages=eaay5012&rft.date=2020-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7115999&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32193295&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.aay5012&rft.aulast=Bergstr%C3%B6m&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+SA&rft.au=Hui%2C+R&rft.au=Almarri%2C+MA&rft.au=Ayub%2C+Q&rft.au=Danecek%2C+P&rft.au=Chen%2C+Y&rft.au=Felkel%2C+S&rft.au=Hallast%2C+P&rft.au=Kamm%2C+J&rft.au=Blanch%C3%A9%2C+H&rft.au=Deleuze%2C+JF&rft.au=Cann%2C+H&rft.au=Mallick%2C+S&rft.au=Reich%2C+D&rft.au=Sandhu%2C+MS&rft.au=Skoglund%2C+P&rft.au=Scally%2C+A&rft.au=Xue%2C+Y&rft.au=Durbin%2C+R&rft.au=Tyler-Smith%2C+C&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7115999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Durvasula2020-239"><a href="#cite_ref-Durvasula2020_239-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Durvasula A, Sankararaman S (February 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7015685">"Recovering signals of ghost archaic introgression in African populations"</a>. Science Advances. 6 (7): eaax5097. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2020SciA....6.5097D">2020SciA....6.5097D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.aax5097">10.1126/sciadv.aax5097</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7015685">7015685</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32095519">32095519</a>. <q>Our analyses of site frequency spectra indicate that these populations derive 2 to 19% of their genetic ancestry from an archaic population that diverged before the split of Neanderthals and modern humans.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=Recovering+signals+of+ghost+archaic+introgression+in+African+populations&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=eaax5097&rft.date=2020-02&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7015685&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32095519&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.aax5097&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2020SciA....6.5097D&rft.aulast=Durvasula&rft.aufirst=A&rft.au=Sankararaman%2C+S&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7015685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Pierce BA (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220428134059/https://books.google.com/books?id=z4pXRaZAkdkC&q=humans+are+dioecious+genetics&pg=PA75">Genetics: A Conceptual Approach</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Macmillan. hlm. 75. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-4292-3252-4" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-4292-3252-4">978-1-4292-3252-4</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z4pXRaZAkdkC&q=humans+are+dioecious+genetics&pg=PA75">versi asli</a> tanggal 28 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genetics%3A+A+Conceptual+Approach&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4292-3252-4&rft.aulast=Pierce&rft.aufirst=BA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz4pXRaZAkdkC%26q%3Dhumans%2Bare%2Bdioecious%2Bgenetics%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Muehlenbein MP (29 July 2010). 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Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+Evolutionary+Biology&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010-07-29&rft.isbn=978-0-521-87948-4&rft.aulast=Muehlenbein&rft.aufirst=MP&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1VXX1jkhPH8C%26q%3Dhumans%2Bare%2Bdioecious%2Bbiology%26pg%3DPT57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Fusco G, Minelli A (10 October 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409093950/https://books.google.com/books?id=AKGsDwAAQBAJ&q=homo+sapiens+gonochoric&pg=PA304">The Biology of Reproduction</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 304. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-108-49985-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-108-49985-9">978-1-108-49985-9</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AKGsDwAAQBAJ&q=homo+sapiens+gonochoric&pg=PA304">versi asli</a> tanggal 9 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biology+of+Reproduction&rft.pages=304&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2019-10-10&rft.isbn=978-1-108-49985-9&rft.aulast=Fusco&rft.aufirst=G&rft.au=Minelli%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAKGsDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dhomo%2Bsapiens%2Bgonochoric%26pg%3DPA304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Gustafsson-243"><a href="#cite_ref-Gustafsson_243-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Gustafsson A, Lindenfors P (October 2004). "Human size evolution: no evolutionary allometric relationship between male and female stature". 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad347.pdf">versi asli</a> (PDF) tanggal 23 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advance+Data&rft.atitle=Mean+body+weight%2C+height%2C+and+body+mass+index%2C+United+States+1960%E2%80%932002&rft.issue=347&rft.pages=1-17&rft.date=2004-10&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15544194&rft.aulast=Ogden&rft.aufirst=CL&rft.au=Fryar%2C+CD&rft.au=Carroll%2C+MD&rft.au=Flegal%2C+KM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fnchs%2Fdata%2Fad%2Fad347.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Miller AE, MacDougall JD, Tarnopolsky MA, Sale DG (1993). "Gender differences in strength and muscle fiber characteristics". European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology. 66 (3): 254–62. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00235103">10.1007/BF00235103</a>. <a href="/wiki/Handle_System" title="Handle System">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//hdl.handle.net/11375%2F22586">11375/22586</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8477683">8477683</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Applied+Physiology+and+Occupational+Physiology&rft.atitle=Gender+differences+in+strength+and+muscle+fiber+characteristics&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=254-62&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11375%2F22586&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8477683&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00235103&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=AE&rft.au=MacDougall%2C+JD&rft.au=Tarnopolsky%2C+MA&rft.au=Sale%2C+DG&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Bredella MA (2017). 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Diakses tanggal 24 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft.atitle=Humans+not+smarter+than+animals%2C+just+different%2C+experts+say&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2013-12-humans-smarter-animals-experts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Robson D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131122837/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20161108-weve-got-human-intelligence-all-wrong">"We've got human intelligence all wrong"</a>. www.bbc.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). 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Diakses tanggal 22 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Snopes&rft.atitle=Can+We+Really+Know+What+Animals+Are+Thinking%3F&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F09%2F07%2Fcan-we-really-know-what-animals-are-thinking%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Grandner2010-261"><a href="#cite_ref-Grandner2010_261-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Grandner MA, Patel NP, Gehrman PR, Perlis ML, Pack AI (August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888649">"Problems associated with short sleep: bridging the gap between laboratory and epidemiological studies"</a>. Sleep Medicine Reviews. 14 (4): 239–47. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.smrv.2009.08.001">10.1016/j.smrv.2009.08.001</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2888649">2888649</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19896872">19896872</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sleep+Medicine+Reviews&rft.atitle=Problems+associated+with+short+sleep%3A+bridging+the+gap+between+laboratory+and+epidemiological+studies&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=239-47&rft.date=2010-08&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2888649&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19896872&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.smrv.2009.08.001&rft.aulast=Grandner&rft.aufirst=MA&rft.au=Patel%2C+NP&rft.au=Gehrman%2C+PR&rft.au=Perlis%2C+ML&rft.au=Pack%2C+AI&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2888649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Ann L (27 January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120515212353/https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/human-biology/dream2.htm">"HowStuffWorks "Dreams: Stages of Sleep""</a>. 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Neuroscience. 10 (11): 803–13. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrn2716">10.1038/nrn2716</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19794431">19794431</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews.+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=REM+sleep+and+dreaming%3A+towards+a+theory+of+protoconsciousness&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=803-13&rft.date=2009-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnrn2716&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19794431&rft.aulast=Hobson&rft.aufirst=JA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Empson J (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sleepdreaming0000emps_x5m8">Sleep and dreaming</a> (edisi ke-3rd). 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Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-to-control-dreams/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Scientific+America&rft.atitle=How+Can+You+Control+Your+Dreams%3F&rft.date=2010-07-29&rft.aulast=Lite&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle%2Fhow-to-control-dreams%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Domhoff W (2002). The scientific study of dreams. 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Diakses tanggal 4 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Consciousness&rft.btitle=Merriam-Webster&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fconsciousness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Schneider S, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Max_Velmans&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Max Velmans (halaman belum tersedia)">Velmans M</a> (2008). "Introduction". Dalam Velmans M, Schneider S. The Blackwell Companion to Consciousness. Wiley. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-470-75145-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-470-75145-9">978-0-470-75145-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Consciousness&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-470-75145-9&rft.aulast=Schneider&rft.aufirst=S&rft.au=Velmans%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-van_Gulick2004-269"><a href="#cite_ref-van_Gulick2004_269-0">^</a> <cite class="citation encyclopaedia">van Gulick R (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191014065308/https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness/">"Consciousness"</a>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consciousness/">versi asli</a> tanggal 14 October 2019. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Consciousness&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=van+Gulick&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fconsciousness%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">Searle J</a> (2005). "Consciousness". 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Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-926479-7" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-926479-7">978-0-19-926479-7</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Consciousness&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+companion+to+philosophy&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-926479-7&rft.aulast=Searle&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordcompaniont0000unse_f5n3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Bl-271"><a href="#cite_ref-Bl_271-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Block N (June 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_behavioral-and-brain-sciences_1995-06_18_2/page/227">"On a confusion about a function of consciousness"</a>. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 18 (2): 227–47. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0140525X00038474">10.1017/S0140525X00038474</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Behavioral+and+Brain+Sciences&rft.atitle=On+a+confusion+about+a+function+of+consciousness.&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=227-47&rft.date=1995-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0140525X00038474&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=N&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_behavioral-and-brain-sciences_1995-06_18_2%2Fpage%2F227&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-JJ3-272"><a href="#cite_ref-JJ3_272-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julian_Jaynes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Julian Jaynes (halaman belum tersedia)">Jaynes J</a> (2000) [1976]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190807100304/https://s-f-walker.org.uk/pubsebooks/pdfs/Julian_Jaynes_The_Origin_of_Consciousness.pdf">The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind</a> (PDF). 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Diakses tanggal 6 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lexico&rft.atitle=Cognition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2Fcognition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Glattfelder JB (2019). "The Consciousness of Reality". Dalam Glattfelder JB. Information—Consciousness—Reality: How a New Understanding of the Universe Can Help Answer Age-Old Questions of Existence. The Frontiers Collection (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cham: Springer International Publishing. hlm. 515–595. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-030-03633-1_14">10.1007/978-3-030-03633-1_14</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-3-030-03633-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-3-030-03633-1">978-3-030-03633-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Consciousness+of+Reality&rft.btitle=Information%E2%80%94Consciousness%E2%80%94Reality%3A+How+a+New+Understanding+of+the+Universe+Can+Help+Answer+Age-Old+Questions+of+Existence&rft.place=Cham&rft.series=The+Frontiers+Collection&rft.pages=515-595&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-030-03633-1_14&rft.isbn=978-3-030-03633-1&rft.aulast=Glattfelder&rft.aufirst=JB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708064652/http://www.apa.org/research/action/glossary.aspx">"American Psychological Association (2013). 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Diakses tanggal 13 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Psychological+Association+%282013%29.+Glossary+of+psychological+terms&rft.pub=Apa.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apa.org%2Fresearch%2Faction%2Fglossary.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140709054242/https://www.apa.org/action/science/developmental/index.aspx">"Developmental Psychology Studies Human Development Across the Lifespan"</a>. www.apa.org (dalam bahasa Inggris). 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Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Emotions+in+Criminal+Decision+Making&rft.btitle=Oxford+Bibliographies+in+Criminology&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016-11&rft.aulast=Van+Gelder&rft.aufirst=JL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F317042659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Sharma N, Prakash O, Sengar KS, Chaudhury S, Singh AR (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4525433">"The relation between emotional intelligence and criminal behavior: A study among convicted criminals"</a>. Industrial Psychiatry Journal. 24 (1): 54–8. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4103%2F0972-6748.160934">10.4103/0972-6748.160934</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4525433">4525433</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26257484">26257484</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Industrial+Psychiatry+Journal&rft.atitle=The+relation+between+emotional+intelligence+and+criminal+behavior%3A+A+study+among+convicted+criminals&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=54-8&rft.date=2015&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4525433&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26257484&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4103%2F0972-6748.160934&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=N&rft.au=Prakash%2C+O&rft.au=Sengar%2C+KS&rft.au=Chaudhury%2C+S&rft.au=Singh%2C+AR&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4525433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Fredrickson BL (March 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3122271">"The role of positive emotions in positive psychology. The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions"</a>. The American Psychologist. 56 (3): 218–26. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F0003-066X.56.3.218">10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3122271">3122271</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11315248">11315248</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Psychologist&rft.atitle=The+role+of+positive+emotions+in+positive+psychology.+The+broaden-and-build+theory+of+positive+emotions&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=218-26&rft.date=2001-03&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3122271&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11315248&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F0003-066X.56.3.218&rft.aulast=Fredrickson&rft.aufirst=BL&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3122271&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Haybron DM (August 2013). 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Being in good spirits, quick to laugh and slow to anger, at peace and untroubled, confident and comfortable in your own skin, engaged, energetic and full of life.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Opinion+Pages&rft.atitle=Happiness+and+Its+Discontents&rft.date=2014-04-13&rft.aulast=Haybron&rft.aufirst=DM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopinionator.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F04%2F13%2Fhappiness-and-its-discontents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Graham MC (2014). Facts of Life: ten issues of contentment. 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Diakses tanggal 25 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ScienceDaily&rft.atitle=Secret+to+happiness+may+include+more+unpleasant+emotions%3A+Research+contradicts+idea+that+people+should+always+seek+pleasure+to+be+happy&rft.date=2017-08-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedaily.com%2Freleases%2F2017%2F08%2F170814092813.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-S._Greenberg-297">^ <a href="#cite_ref-S._Greenberg_297-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Greenberg_297-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-S._Greenberg_297-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book">Greenberg JS, Bruess CE, Oswalt SB (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181224231839/https://books.google.com/books?id=8iarCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4">Exploring the Dimensions of Human Sexuality</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jones_%26_Bartlett_Publishers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jones & Bartlett Publishers (halaman belum tersedia)">Jones & Bartlett Publishers</a>. hlm. 4–10. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-284-08154-1" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-284-08154-1">978-1-284-08154-1</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8iarCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA4">versi asli</a> tanggal 24 December 2018. Diakses tanggal 21 June 2017. <q>Human sexuality is a part of your total personality. It involves the interrelationship of biological, psychological, and sociocultural dimensions. 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Psychological Science in the Public Interest. 17 (2): 45–101. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1529100616637616">10.1177/1529100616637616</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27113562">27113562</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychological+Science+in+the+Public+Interest&rft.atitle=Sexual+Orientation%2C+Controversy%2C+and+Science&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=45-101&rft.date=2016-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1529100616637616&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27113562&rft.aulast=Bailey&rft.aufirst=JM&rft.au=Vasey%2C+PL&rft.au=Diamond%2C+LM&rft.au=Breedlove%2C+SM&rft.au=Vilain%2C+E&rft.au=Epprecht%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-LeVay-302">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LeVay_302-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeVay_302-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LeVay_302-2">c</a> <cite class="citation book">LeVay S (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201022014657/https://books.google.com/books?id=HmQFFfa03nkC">Gay, Straight, and the Reason Why: The Science of Sexual Orientation</a>. Oxford University Press. hlm. 8, 19. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-975296-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-975296-6">978-0-19-975296-6</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HmQFFfa03nkC">versi asli</a> tanggal 22 October 2020. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gay%2C+Straight%2C+and+the+Reason+Why%3A+The+Science+of+Sexual+Orientation&rft.pages=8%2C+19&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-19-975296-6&rft.aulast=LeVay&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHmQFFfa03nkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Balthazart-303">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Balthazart_303-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balthazart_303-1">b</a> <cite class="citation book">Balthazart J (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126132532/https://books.google.com/books?id=3fjGjlcVINkC">The Biology of Homosexuality</a>. Oxford University Press. hlm. 13–14. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-19-983882-0" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-19-983882-0">978-0-19-983882-0</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3fjGjlcVINkC">versi asli</a> tanggal 26 January 2021. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biology+of+Homosexuality&rft.pages=13-14&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-983882-0&rft.aulast=Balthazart&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3fjGjlcVINkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Buss2003-304"><a href="#cite_ref-Buss2003_304-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Buss DM (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/evolutionofdesir00buss">The Evolution of Desire: Strategies of Human Mating</a> (edisi ke-Revised). New York City: Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-465-00802-5" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-465-00802-5">978-0-465-00802-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Evolution+of+Desire%3A+Strategies+of+Human+Mating.&rft.place=New+York+City&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-465-00802-5&rft.aulast=Buss&rft.aufirst=DM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fevolutionofdesir00buss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Fromm,_Erich_2000-305"><a href="#cite_ref-Fromm,_Erich_2000_305-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Fromm E (2000). The art of loving. New York: Harper Perennial. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-06-095828-2" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-06-095828-2">978-0-06-095828-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+art+of+loving&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+Perennial&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-06-095828-2&rft.aulast=Fromm&rft.aufirst=E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028090542/http://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/love-actually-science-behind-lust-attraction-companionship/">"Love, Actually: The science behind lust, attraction, and companionship"</a>. Science in the News (dalam bahasa Inggris). 14 February 2017. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2017/love-actually-science-behind-lust-attraction-companionship/">versi asli</a> tanggal 28 October 2020. Diakses tanggal 25 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+in+the+News&rft.atitle=Love%2C+Actually%3A+The+science+behind+lust%2C+attraction%2C+and+companionship&rft.date=2017-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsitn.hms.harvard.edu%2Fflash%2F2017%2Flove-actually-science-behind-lust-attraction-companionship%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130112222210/http://www.ethnologue.org/ethno_docs/distribution.asp?by=size">"What are the top 200 most spoken languages?"</a>. <a href="//www.ethnologue.com/language/Languages_of_the_World" class="extiw" title="ethnologue:Languages of the World">Ethnologue: Languages of the World</a>. 2020. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ethnologue.com/guides/ethnologue200">versi asli</a> tanggal 12 January 2013. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ethnologue%3A+Languages+of+the+World&rft.atitle=What+are+the+top+200+most+spoken+languages%3F&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnologue.com%2Fguides%2Fethnologue200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAWorldFactbook-308">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWorldFactbook_308-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWorldFactbook_308-1">b</a> <cite class="citation report"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210126032610/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/">World</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" class="mw-redirect" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a> (Laporan). <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/world/">versi asli</a> tanggal 26 January 2021. Diakses tanggal 15 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=World&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fworld%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220218030628/https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/">"The Changing Global Religious Landscape"</a>. Pew Research Center. 5 April 2017. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewforum.org/2017/04/05/the-changing-global-religious-landscape/">versi asli</a> tanggal 18 February 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Changing+Global+Religious+Landscape&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2017-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewforum.org%2F2017%2F04%2F05%2Fthe-changing-global-religious-landscape%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Ord T (2020). The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity. New York: Hachette Books. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-316-48489-3" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-316-48489-3">978-0-316-48489-3</a>. <q>Homo sapiens and our close relatives may have some unique physical attributes, such as our dextrous hands, upright walking and resonant voices. However, these on their own cannot explain our success. They went together with our intelligence...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Precipice%3A+Existential+Risk+and+the+Future+of+Humanity&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hachette+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-316-48489-3&rft.aulast=Ord&rft.aufirst=T&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Goldman JG (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130120957/https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20121005-pay-attention-its-animal-school">"Pay attention… time for lessons at animal school"</a>. bbc.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20121005-pay-attention-its-animal-school">versi asli</a> tanggal 30 January 2021. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bbc.com&rft.atitle=Pay+attention%E2%80%A6+time+for+lessons+at+animal+school&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=JG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Ffuture%2Farticle%2F20121005-pay-attention-its-animal-school&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Winkler M, Mueller JL, Friederici AD, Männel C (November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6248967">"Infant cognition includes the potentially human-unique ability to encode embedding"</a>. Science Advances. 4 (11): eaar8334. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SciA....4.8334W">2018SciA....4.8334W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.aar8334">10.1126/sciadv.aar8334</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6248967">6248967</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30474053">30474053</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=Infant+cognition+includes+the+potentially+human-unique+ability+to+encode+embedding&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=eaar8334&rft.date=2018-11&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6248967&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30474053&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.aar8334&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018SciA....4.8334W&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=M&rft.au=Mueller%2C+JL&rft.au=Friederici%2C+AD&rft.au=M%C3%A4nnel%2C+C&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC6248967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Johnson-Frey SH (July 2003). "What's so special about human tool use?". Neuron. 39 (2): 201–4. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0896-6273%2803%2900424-0">10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00424-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12873378">12873378</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Neuron&rft.atitle=What%27s+so+special+about+human+tool+use%3F&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=201-4&rft.date=2003-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0896-6273%2803%2900424-0&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12873378&rft.aulast=Johnson-Frey&rft.aufirst=SH&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Emery NJ, Clayton NS (February 2009). "Tool use and physical cognition in birds and mammals". Current Opinion in Neurobiology. 19 (1): 27–33. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.conb.2009.02.003">10.1016/j.conb.2009.02.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19328675">19328675</a>. <q>In short, the evidence to date that animals have an understanding of folk physics is at best mixed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Opinion+in+Neurobiology&rft.atitle=Tool+use+and+physical+cognition+in+birds+and+mammals&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=27-33&rft.date=2009-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.conb.2009.02.003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19328675&rft.aulast=Emery&rft.aufirst=NJ&rft.au=Clayton%2C+NS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|s2cid=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Lemonick MD (3 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131064840/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/06/150602-chimp-cooking-evolution-human-brain-science/">"Chimps Can't Cook, But Maybe They'd Like To"</a>. National Geographic News. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2015/06/150602-chimp-cooking-evolution-human-brain-science/">versi asli</a> tanggal 31 January 2021. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+News&rft.atitle=Chimps+Can%27t+Cook%2C+But+Maybe+They%27d+Like+To&rft.date=2015-06-03&rft.aulast=Lemonick&rft.aufirst=MD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F06%2F150602-chimp-cooking-evolution-human-brain-science%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Vakhitova T, Gadelshina L (2 June 2015). "The Role and Importance of the Study of Economic Subjects in the Implementation of the Educational Potential of Education". Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. The Proceedings of 6th World Conference on educational Sciences (dalam bahasa Inggris). 191: 2565–2567. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.sbspro.2015.04.690">10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.690</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1877-0428">1877-0428</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Procedia+-+Social+and+Behavioral+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+Role+and+Importance+of+the+Study+of+Economic+Subjects+in+the+Implementation+of+the+Educational+Potential+of+Education&rft.volume=191&rft.pages=2565-2567&rft.date=2015-06-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.sbspro.2015.04.690&rft.issn=1877-0428&rft.aulast=Vakhitova&rft.aufirst=T&rft.au=Gadelshina%2C+L&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <cite class="citation news">McKie R (9 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210205084949/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/the-book-of-humans-adam-rutherford-review">"The Book of Humans by Adam Rutherford review – a pithy homage to our species"</a>. The Guardian (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/oct/09/the-book-of-humans-adam-rutherford-review">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 February 2021. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Book+of+Humans+by+Adam+Rutherford+review+%E2%80%93+a+pithy+homage+to+our+species&rft.date=2018-10-09&rft.aulast=McKie&rft.aufirst=R&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2018%2Foct%2F09%2Fthe-book-of-humans-adam-rutherford-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Nicholls H (29 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131120059/https://www.theguardian.com/science/animal-magic/2015/jun/29/babblers-birds-origin-evolution-language">"Babblers speak to the origin of language"</a>. The Guardian. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/science/animal-magic/2015/jun/29/babblers-birds-origin-evolution-language">versi asli</a> tanggal 31 January 2021. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Babblers+speak+to+the+origin+of+language&rft.date=2015-06-29&rft.aulast=Nicholls&rft.aufirst=H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2Fanimal-magic%2F2015%2Fjun%2F29%2Fbabblers-birds-origin-evolution-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <cite class="citation news">Dasgupta S (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200502172910/http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150216-can-any-animals-talk-like-humans">"Can any animals talk and use language like humans?"</a>. bbc.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20150216-can-any-animals-talk-like-humans">versi asli</a> tanggal 2 May 2020. Diakses tanggal 22 April 2020. <q>Most animals are not vocal learners.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bbc.com&rft.atitle=Can+any+animals+talk+and+use+language+like+humans%3F&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Dasgupta&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fearth%2Fstory%2F20150216-can-any-animals-talk-like-humans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Scott-Phillips TC, Blythe RA (18 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118210915/https://royalsociety.org/news/2013/language-unique-humans/">"Why is language unique to humans?"</a> (dalam bahasa Inggris). Royal Society. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://royalsociety.org/news/2013/language-unique-humans/">versi asli</a> tanggal 18 January 2021. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+is+language+unique+to+humans%3F&rft.pub=Royal+Society&rft.date=2013-09-18&rft.aulast=Scott-Phillips&rft.aufirst=TC&rft.au=Blythe%2C+RA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fnews%2F2013%2Flanguage-unique-humans%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Pagel M (July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5525259">"Q&A: What is human language, when did it evolve and why should we care?"</a>. BMC Biology. 15 (1): 64. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2Fs12915-017-0405-3">10.1186/s12915-017-0405-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5525259">5525259</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28738867">28738867</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+Biology&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+What+is+human+language%2C+when+did+it+evolve+and+why+should+we+care%3F&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=64&rft.date=2017-07&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5525259&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28738867&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2Fs12915-017-0405-3&rft.aulast=Pagel&rft.aufirst=M&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5525259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Fitch WT (4 December 2010). "Language evolution: How to hear words long silenced". New Scientist (dalam bahasa Inggris). 208 (2789): ii–iii. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010NewSc.208D...2F">2010NewSc.208D...2F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0262-4079%2810%2962961-2">10.1016/S0262-4079(10)62961-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0262-4079">0262-4079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=Language+evolution%3A+How+to+hear+words+long+silenced&rft.volume=208&rft.issue=2789&rft.pages=ii-iii&rft.date=2010-12-04&rft.issn=0262-4079&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0262-4079%2810%2962961-2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010NewSc.208D...2F&rft.aulast=Fitch&rft.aufirst=WT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-Revolution2-323"><a href="#cite_ref-Revolution2_323-0">^</a> Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>Revolution2</code></li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Lian A (2016). "The Modality-Independent Capacity of Language: A Milestone of Evolution". Dalam Lian A. Language Evolution and Developmental Impairments (dalam bahasa Inggris). London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. hlm. 229–255. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F978-1-137-58746-6_7">10.1057/978-1-137-58746-6_7</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-1-137-58746-6" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-1-137-58746-6">978-1-137-58746-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Modality-Independent+Capacity+of+Language%3A+A+Milestone+of+Evolution&rft.btitle=Language+Evolution+and+Developmental+Impairments&rft.place=London&rft.pages=229-255&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F978-1-137-58746-6_7&rft.isbn=978-1-137-58746-6&rft.aulast=Lian&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201126163227/https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/mandated-areas1/culture.html">"Culture | United Nations For Indigenous Peoples"</a>. www.un.org. 5 June 2015. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/development/desa/indigenouspeoples/mandated-areas1/culture.html">versi asli</a> tanggal 26 November 2020. Diakses tanggal 24 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.un.org&rft.atitle=Culture+%7C+United+Nations+For+Indigenous+Peoples&rft.date=2015-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Findigenouspeoples%2Fmandated-areas1%2Fculture.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Comrie1996-326"><a href="#cite_ref-Comrie1996_326-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Comrie B, Polinsky M, Matthews S (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/atlasoflanguages0000unse">The Atlas of Languages: The Origin and Development of Languages Throughout the World</a>. 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Sergey's HTML5 & CSS3. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/978-0-9833867-5-9" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/978-0-9833867-5-9">978-0-9833867-5-9</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tBqgBQAAQBAJ">versi asli</a> tanggal 28 April 2022. Diakses tanggal 30 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visual+Art+Forms%3A+Traditional+to+Digital&rft.pub=Sergey%27s+HTML5+%26+CSS3&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-9833867-5-9&rft.aulast=Mavrody&rft.aufirst=S&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtBqgBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210505234546/http://bookfestivalscotland.com/types-of-literary-arts-and-their-understanding/">"Types of Literary Arts and Their Understanding – bookfestivalscotland.com"</a>. Bookfestival Scotland (dalam bahasa Inggris). 2020. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bookfestivalscotland.com/types-of-literary-arts-and-their-understanding/">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 May 2021. 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Frontiers in Psychology. 5: 310. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2014.00310">10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00310</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3988392">3988392</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24782809">24782809</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Psychology&rft.atitle=The+neural+basis+of+human+tool+use&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=310&rft.date=2014&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3988392&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24782809&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2014.00310&rft.aulast=Orban&rft.aufirst=GA&rft.au=Caruana%2C+F&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3988392&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-353"><a href="#cite_ref-:03_353-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Berna F, Goldberg P, Horwitz LK, Brink J, Holt S, Bamford M, Chazan M (May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3356665">"Microstratigraphic evidence of in situ fire in the Acheulean strata of Wonderwerk Cave, Northern Cape province, South Africa"</a>. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (20): E1215–20. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1117620109">10.1073/pnas.1117620109</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3356665">3356665</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22474385">22474385</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.atitle=Microstratigraphic+evidence+of+in+situ+fire+in+the+Acheulean+strata+of+Wonderwerk+Cave%2C+Northern+Cape+province%2C+South+Africa&rft.volume=109&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=E1215-20&rft.date=2012-05&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3356665&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F22474385&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1117620109&rft.aulast=Berna&rft.aufirst=F&rft.au=Goldberg%2C+P&rft.au=Horwitz%2C+LK&rft.au=Brink%2C+J&rft.au=Holt%2C+S&rft.au=Bamford%2C+M&rft.au=Chazan%2C+M&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3356665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-354"><a href="#cite_ref-354">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Gowlett JA (June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4874402">"The discovery of fire by humans: a long and convoluted process"</a>. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 371 (1696): 20150164. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frstb.2015.0164">10.1098/rstb.2015.0164</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4874402">4874402</a> <img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27216521">27216521</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London.+Series+B%2C+Biological+Sciences&rft.atitle=The+discovery+of+fire+by+humans%3A+a+long+and+convoluted+process&rft.volume=371&rft.issue=1696&rft.pages=20150164&rft.date=2016-06&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4874402&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F27216521&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frstb.2015.0164&rft.aulast=Gowlett&rft.aufirst=JA&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4874402&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:14-355"><a href="#cite_ref-:14_355-0">^</a> Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <code><ref></code> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama <code>:14</code></li> <li id="cite_note-356"><a href="#cite_ref-356">^</a> <cite class="citation web">Damiano J (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210105053059/https://www.magellantv.com/articles/tools-of-the-neolithic-era-inventing-a-new-age">"Neolithic Era Tools: Inventing a New Age"</a>. MagellanTV. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.magellantv.com/articles/tools-of-the-neolithic-era-inventing-a-new-age">versi asli</a> tanggal 5 January 2021. Diakses tanggal 9 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MagellanTV&rft.atitle=Neolithic+Era+Tools%3A+Inventing+a+New+Age&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Damiano&rft.aufirst=J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.magellantv.com%2Farticles%2Ftools-of-the-neolithic-era-inventing-a-new-age&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3AManusia" class="Z3988">  Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|url-status=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>) </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenyanthropus" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenyanthropus">Kenyanthropus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrorin" class="mw-redirect" title="Orrorin">Orrorin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahelanthropus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahelanthropus">Sahelanthropus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus" title="Ardipithecus">Ardipithecus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_kadabba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardipithecus kadabba">A. kadabba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardipithecus_ramidus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ardipithecus ramidus">A. ramidus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis" title="Australopithecus afarensis">A. afarensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_africanus" title="Australopithecus africanus">A. africanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_anamensis" title="Australopithecus anamensis">A. anamensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_bahrelghazali" title="Australopithecus bahrelghazali">A. bahrelghazali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_garhi" title="Australopithecus garhi">A. garhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_sediba" title="Australopithecus sediba">A. sediba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus" title="Paranthropus">Paranthropus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_aethiopicus" title="Paranthropus aethiopicus">P. aethiopicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_boisei" title="Paranthropus boisei">P. boisei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranthropus_robustus" title="Paranthropus robustus">P. robustus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Homo_(genus)" title="Homo (genus)">Manusia dan manusia purba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manusia_purba" title="Manusia purba">Manusia purba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_ergaster" title="Homo ergaster">H. ergaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_gautengensis" title="Homo gautengensis">H. gautengensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_habilis" title="Homo habilis">H. habilis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_rudolfensis" title="Homo rudolfensis">H. rudolfensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Java_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Java Man (halaman belum tersedia)">H. e. erectus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus#Homo_erectus_georgicus" title="Homo erectus">H. e. georgicus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lantian_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lantian Man (halaman belum tersedia)">H. e. lantianensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanjing_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanjing Man (halaman belum tersedia)">H. e. nankinensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meganthropus" title="Meganthropus">H. e. palaeojavanicus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peking_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peking Man (halaman belum tersedia)">H. e. pekinensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_e._soloensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo e. soloensis">H. e. soloensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tautavel_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tautavel Man (halaman belum tersedia)">H. e. tautavelensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yuanmou_Man&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yuanmou Man (halaman belum tersedia)">H. e. yuanmouensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denisova_hominin" class="mw-redirect" title="Denisova hominin">Denisova hominin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_antecessor" title="Homo antecessor">H. antecessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_cepranensis" title="Homo cepranensis">H. cepranensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_floresiensis" title="Homo floresiensis">H. floresiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_heidelbergensis" title="Homo heidelbergensis">H. heidelbergensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homo_rhodesiensis" title="Homo rhodesiensis">H. rhodesiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orang_Gua_Longlin_dan_Malu" title="Orang Gua Longlin dan Malu">Orang Gua Longlin dan Malu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens_idaltu" title="Homo sapiens idaltu">H. s. idaltu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">H. s. neanderthalensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manusia_modern_anatomis" title="Manusia modern anatomis">H. s. sapiens</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Berhubungan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Buku_evolusi_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Buku evolusi manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Buku-buku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evolusi_manusia_secara_genetis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evolusi manusia secara genetis (halaman belum tersedia)">Genetis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_fosil-fosil_evolusi_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar fosil-fosil evolusi manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar fosil</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asal_mula_manusia_modern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asal mula manusia modern (halaman belum tersedia)">Model-model</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asal_mula_manusia_modern_dari_Multiwilayah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asal mula manusia modern dari Multiwilayah (halaman belum tersedia)">Berasal dari multiwilayah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asal_mula_manusia_modern_dari_Afrika&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asal mula manusia modern dari Afrika (halaman belum tersedia)">Berasal dari Afrika</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rentang_waktu_evolusi_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rentang waktu evolusi manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Rentang waktu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>'</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spesies_masih_hidup_dari_famili_Hominidae_(kera_besar)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Hominidae_nav" title="Templat:Hominidae nav"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Hominidae_nav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Hominidae nav (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Hominidae_nav&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spesies_masih_hidup_dari_famili_Hominidae_(kera_besar)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Spesies masih hidup dari famili <a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae (kera besar)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Kerajaan: <a href="/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan">Animalia</a></li> <li>Filum: <a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">Chordata</a></li> <li>Kelas: <a href="/wiki/Mamalia" title="Mamalia">Mamalia</a></li> <li>Ordo: <a href="/wiki/Primata" title="Primata">Primata</a></li> <li>Subordo: <a href="/wiki/Haplorhini" title="Haplorhini">Haplorhini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ponginae" title="Ponginae">Ponginae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pongo(Orangutan)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Orangutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Orangutan">Pongo</a> (Orangutan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orangutan_kalimantan" class="mw-redirect" title="Orangutan kalimantan">Orangutan Kalimantan (P. pygmaeus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangutan_sumatera" class="mw-redirect" title="Orangutan sumatera">Orangutan Sumatera (P. abelii)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orangutan_tapanuli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orangutan tapanuli (halaman belum tersedia)">Orangutan Tapanuli (P. tapanuliensis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Homininae" title="Homininae">Homininae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Gorila" title="Gorila">Gorila</a> (Gorila)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto; background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gorila_barat" title="Gorila barat">Gorila barat (G. gorilla)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorila_timur" title="Gorila timur">Gorila timur (G. beringei)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Simpanse" title="Simpanse">Pan</a> (Simpanse)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto; background:#f7f7f7;;background:#ffffff;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simpanse_biasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Simpanse biasa">Simpanse biasa (P. troglodytes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">Bonobo (P. paniscus)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width:7.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Homo_(genus)" title="Homo (genus)">Homo</a> (Manusia)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;width:auto; background:#f7f7f7;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manusia</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Manusia_anatomi_modern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manusia anatomi modern (halaman belum tersedia)">Homo sapiens sapiens</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Kera" title="Kategori:Kera">Kategori</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Artikel_berkaitan_dengan_Kera" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kera" title="Templat:Kera"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Kera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kera (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kera&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Artikel_berkaitan_dengan_Kera" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Artikel berkaitan dengan <a href="/wiki/Kera" title="Kera">Kera</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kera" title="Kera">Spesies kera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Manusia</a> (Homo sapiens)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpanse" title="Simpanse">Simpanse</a> (Pan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonobo" title="Bonobo">Bonobo</a> (Pan paniscus)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simpanse_biasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Simpanse biasa">Simpanse biasa</a> (Pan troglodytes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorila" title="Gorila">Gorila</a> (Gorilla)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorila_bagian_barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorila bagian barat (halaman belum tersedia)">Gorila bagian barat</a> (Gorilla gorilla)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gorila_bagian_timur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gorila bagian timur (halaman belum tersedia)">Gorila bagian timur</a> (Gorilla beringei)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Orangutan">Orangutan</a> (Pongo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangutan_Borneo" class="mw-redirect" title="Orangutan Borneo">Orangutan Borneo</a> (Pongo abelii)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orangutan_Sumatra" class="mw-redirect" title="Orangutan Sumatra">Orangutan Sumatra</a> (Pongo pygmaeus)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gibon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gibon (halaman belum tersedia)">Gibon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Famili_(biologi)" title="Famili (biologi)">famili</a>: Hylobatidae)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Primatenskelett-drawing.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Human and gorilla skeleton"><img alt="Human and gorilla skeleton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Primatenskelett-drawing.jpg/100px-Primatenskelett-drawing.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Primatenskelett-drawing.jpg/150px-Primatenskelett-drawing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Primatenskelett-drawing.jpg/200px-Primatenskelett-drawing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1466" data-file-height="1636" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Penelitian kera</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_kera_besar" title="Bahasa kera besar">Bahasa kera</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Ape_Trust&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Ape Trust (halaman belum tersedia)">Great Ape Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dian_Fossey" title="Dian Fossey">Dian Fossey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birut%C4%97_Galdikas" class="mw-redirect" title="Birutė Galdikas">Birutė Galdikas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Goodall" title="Jane Goodall">Jane Goodall</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proyek_Genom_Simpanse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proyek Genom Simpanse (halaman belum tersedia)">Proyek Genom Simpanse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proyek_Genom_Manusia" title="Proyek Genom Manusia">Proyek Genom Manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proyek_Genom_Neanderthal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proyek Genom Neanderthal (halaman belum tersedia)">Proyek Genom Neanderthal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_Smits" title="Willie Smits">Willie Smits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Dr%C3%B8scher_Nielsen" title="Lone Drøscher Nielsen">Lone Drøscher Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Redmond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ian Redmond (halaman belum tersedia)">Ian Redmond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_Primate_Learning_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary (halaman belum tersedia)">Iowa Primate Learning Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borneo_Orangutan_Survival" title="Borneo Orangutan Survival">Borneo Orangutan Survival</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Primata#Status_sosial_dan_legal" title="Primata">Status sosial dan legal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kepribadian_kera_besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kepribadian kera besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Kepribadian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pelarangan_penelitian_kera_besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pelarangan penelitian kera besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Pelarangan penelitian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deklarasi_Kinshasa_terhadap_Kera_Besar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deklarasi Kinshasa terhadap Kera Besar (halaman belum tersedia)">Deklarasi Kinshasa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Ape_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Ape Project (halaman belum tersedia)">Great Ape Project</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Great_Apes_Survival_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Great Apes Survival Project (halaman belum tersedia)">Survival Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lihat juga</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_kera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar kera (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar kera</a> (selain manusia)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bushmeat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bushmeat (halaman belum tersedia)">Bushmeat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_primata_fiksi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar primata fiksi (halaman belum tersedia)">Daftar primata fiksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolusi_manusia" title="Evolusi manusia">Evolusi manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mitos_menyerupai_manusia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mitos menyerupai manusia (halaman belum tersedia)">Mitos menyerupai manusia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bigfoot" title="Bigfoot">Bigfoot</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yeren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yeren (halaman belum tersedia)">Yeren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeti" title="Yeti">Yeti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Kera besar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pengidentifikasi_takson" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Pengidentifikasi_takson" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengidentifikasi_takson" title="Bantuan:Pengidentifikasi takson">Pengidentifikasi takson</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15978631" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q15978631">Q15978631</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Homo_sapiens/">Homo_sapiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=12439">12439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/327955">327955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/HOMXSA">HOMXSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossilworks" title="Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=83088">83088</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2436436">2436436</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/43584">43584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10857762">10857762</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=180092">180092</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammal_Species_of_the_World" title="Mammal Species of the World">MSW</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?s=y&id=12100795">12100795</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Biodiversity_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="National Biodiversity Network">NBN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nbn.org.uk/Taxa/NHMSYS0000376773">NHMSYS0000376773</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" class="mw-redirect" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9606">9606</a></li> <li>NZOR: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/d83185ac-1aa6-4f59-8645-fe8c040857b3">d83185ac-1aa6-4f59-8645-fe8c040857b3</a></li> <li><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierstimmenarchiv" class="extiw" title="de:Tierstimmenarchiv">TSA</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tierstimmen.org/en/database?field_spec_species_target_id_selective=8319">8319</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1455977">1455977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/58D31D52-713D-44B4-9FE9-CB2D9249C422">58D31D52-713D-44B4-9FE9-CB2D9249C422</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934882t">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934882t">(data)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=59900">Ukraina</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116876&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uli.nli.org.il/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000710772&local_base=nlx10">Israel</a></li> <li>The NLK id KSH1998033764 is not valid.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/962832/">Faceted Application of Subject Terminology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10639765">National Archives (US)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/insan">Encyclopedia of Islam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manusia&oldid=26301295">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manusia&oldid=26301295</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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