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Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89" title="الجليل الأعلى – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجليل الأعلى" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn%C3%AD_Galilea" title="Horní Galilea – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Horní Galilea" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alta_Galilea" title="Alta Galilea – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alta Galilea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7" title="الجلیل بالا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="الجلیل بالا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute_Galil%C3%A9e" title="Haute Galilée – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Haute Galilée" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilea_Hulu" title="Galilea Hulu – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Galilea Hulu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alta_Galilea" title="Alta Galilea – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alta Galilea" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9F" title="הגליל העליון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הגליל העליון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89" title="الجليل الاعلى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجليل الاعلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boven-Galilea" title="Boven-Galilea – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boven-Galilea" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%98vre_Galilea" title="Øvre Galilea – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Øvre Galilea" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B3rna_Galilea" title="Górna Galilea – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Górna Galilea" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%8F_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%8F_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Верхняя Галилея (регион) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Верхняя Галилея (регион)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Galilee" title="Upper Galilee – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Upper Galilee" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilea_Th%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng" title="Galilea Thượng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Galilea Thượng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9C" title="אויבער גליל – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אויבער גליל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E5%88%A9" title="上加利利 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="上加利利" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2915499#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Upper_Galilee&params=32_59_N_35_24_E_type:adm2nd_region:IL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°59′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.983°N 35.400°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.983; 35.400</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Regional area in northern Israel</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1095843157">.mw-parser-output .ib-landform{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform td,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform .infobox-subheader{background-color:#e7dcc3;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-landform-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-landform vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Upper Galilee</div> <div class="nickname ib-landform-native"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl" style="font-style: normal;">הגליל העליון</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl" style="font-style: normal;">الجليل الأعلى</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Region" title="Region">Region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lemon_Orchard_in_the_Galilee_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A lemon orchard in the Galilee"><img alt="A lemon orchard in the Galilee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lemon_Orchard_in_the_Galilee_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/250px-Lemon_Orchard_in_the_Galilee_by_David_Shankbone.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lemon_Orchard_in_the_Galilee_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/375px-Lemon_Orchard_in_the_Galilee_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Lemon_Orchard_in_the_Galilee_by_David_Shankbone.jpg/500px-Lemon_Orchard_in_the_Galilee_by_David_Shankbone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span><div class="ib-landform-caption">A lemon orchard in the Galilee</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-lat="32.983333333333" data-lon="35.4" data-overlays="["_79e440173a9ff77be7e06b57e48c2caac0d87042"]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/10/32.983333333333/35.4/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,32.983333333333,35.4,250x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Upper_Galilee&revid=1252641494&groups=_79e440173a9ff77be7e06b57e48c2caac0d87042" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,32.983333333333,35.4,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Upper_Galilee&revid=1252641494&groups=_79e440173a9ff77be7e06b57e48c2caac0d87042 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Upper_Galilee&params=32_59_N_35_24_E_type:adm2nd_region:IL"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°59′N</span> <span class="longitude">35°24′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.983°N 35.400°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">32.983; 35.400</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl" style="font-style: normal;">הגליל העליון</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>)</span></li><li><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl" style="font-style: normal;">الجليل الأعلى</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">1,208 m (3,963 ft)<div class="ib-landform-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Meron" title="Mount Meron">Mount Meron</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lower_Galilee_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lower_Galilee_map.svg/300px-Lower_Galilee_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lower_Galilee_map.svg/450px-Lower_Galilee_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Lower_Galilee_map.svg/600px-Lower_Galilee_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2493" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Galilee region</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Upper Galilee</b> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">הגליל העליון</span>, <i>HaGalil Ha'Elyon</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">الجليل الأعلى</span>, <i>Al Jaleel Al A'alaa</i>) is a geographical region located in northern <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Lebanon" title="Southern Lebanon">southern Lebanon</a>. Part of the larger <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> region, it is characterized by its higher elevations and mountainous terrain. The term "Upper Galilee" is ancient, and has been in use since the end of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a>. From a political perspective, the Upper Galilee is situated within the administrative boundaries of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District</a> of Israel. </p><p>The Upper Galilee is known for its natural beauty, including lush landscapes, <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_forests,_woodlands,_and_scrub" title="Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub">Mediterranean forests</a>, and scenic vistas. Significant natural sites include <a href="/wiki/Nahal_Amud" title="Nahal Amud">Nahal Amud</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Keshet_Cave" title="Keshet Cave">Keshet Cave</a>. It's also an area where vineyards and wineries thrive, producing quality wines. <a href="/wiki/Mount_Meron" title="Mount Meron">Mount Meron</a> stands as the highest point in the area, reaching an elevation of 1,208 meters above sea level. <a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a> is a main city in the region and also hosts an <a href="/wiki/Artists_Quarter_of_Safed" title="Artists Quarter of Safed">artists' quarter</a> that was a major center of <a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_in_Israel" title="Visual arts in Israel">Israeli art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although historical definitions encompass parts of southern Lebanon within the boundaries of the Upper Galilee, the Lebanese government does not use the term "Galilee" for any part of its territory. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Boundaries">Boundaries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Galilee&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Boundaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Originally, the term "Upper Galilee" referred to a larger region, encompassing the mountainous regions of what is today northern Israel and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Lebanon" title="Southern Lebanon">southern Lebanon</a>. The boundaries of this region were the <a href="/wiki/Litani_River" title="Litani River">Litani River</a> in the north, the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> in the west, the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Galilee" title="Lower Galilee">Lower Galilee</a> in the south (from which it is separated by the <a href="/wiki/Beit_HaKerem_Valley" title="Beit HaKerem Valley">Beit HaKerem Valley</a>), and the upper <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hula_Valley" title="Hula Valley">Hula Valley</a> in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-ariel_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ariel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the first century Jewish historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, the bounds of Upper Galilee stretched from <a href="/wiki/Bersabe" title="Bersabe">Bersabe</a> in the Beit HaKerem Valley to <a href="/wiki/Baca_(Galilee)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baca (Galilee)">Baca</a> (Peki'in) in the north, and from Meloth to <a href="/wiki/Thella" title="Thella">Thella</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extent of this region is approximately 470 km<sup>2</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In present-day usage, the <a href="/wiki/Toponymy" title="Toponymy">toponym</a> mainly refers only to the northern part of the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> that is under Israeli sovereignty. That is, the term today does not include the portion of <a href="/wiki/Southern_Lebanon" title="Southern Lebanon">Southern Lebanon</a> up to the Litani River, or the corresponding stretches of the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Coastal_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Coastal Plain">Israeli Coastal Plain</a> to the west, or the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Rift_Valley" title="Jordan Rift Valley">Jordan Rift Valley</a> to the east. These are considered to be separate geographical areas that are not part of “Upper Galilee.”<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Galilee&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Galilee#history" title="Galilee">Galilee § history</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_times">Ancient times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Galilee&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Upper Galilee is home to numerous significant <a href="/wiki/Ancient_synagogues_in_Israel" title="Ancient synagogues in Israel">ancient synagogues</a>, dating from <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> times. Those include the synagogues of <a href="/wiki/Kfar_Bar%27am_synagogue" title="Kfar Bar'am synagogue">Bar'am</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Nabratein_synagogue" title="Nabratein synagogue">Nabratein</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gush_Halav" class="mw-redirect" title="Gush Halav">Gush Halav</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Huqoq" title="Huqoq">Huqoq</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chorazin" title="Chorazin">Chorazin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NegevGibson2005_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NegevGibson2005-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Meron,_Israel#Classical_Antiquity" title="Meron, Israel">Meron</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a few others. Remains of synagogues has also been found in <a href="/wiki/Qision" title="Qision">Qision</a><sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Alma,_Safad" class="mw-redirect" title="Alma, Safad">Alma</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_period">Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Galilee&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Upper_Galilee" title="Special:EditPage/Upper Galilee">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AinEbelWinter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/AinEbelWinter.jpg/220px-AinEbelWinter.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/AinEbelWinter.jpg/330px-AinEbelWinter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/AinEbelWinter.jpg/440px-AinEbelWinter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ain_Ebel" title="Ain Ebel">Ain Ebel</a> in the Lebanese Upper Galilee</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the dissolution of the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Balfour_Declaration" title="Balfour Declaration">Balfour Declaration</a> in which the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> promised to create "A Jewish National Home" in Palestine, the <a href="/wiki/Zionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Zionist">Zionist</a> Movement presented to the <a href="/wiki/Versailles_Peace_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Versailles Peace Conference">Versailles Peace Conference</a> a document calling for including in the <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate of Palestine</a> the entire territory up to the <a href="/wiki/Litani_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Litani river">Litani river</a> — with a view to this becoming eventually part of a future Jewish state. </p><p>However, only less than half this area was actually included in British Mandatory Palestine, the final border being influenced both by diplomatic maneuverings and struggles between Britain and France and by fighting on the ground, especially the March 1920 battle of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Hai" title="Tel Hai">Tel Hai</a>. </p><p>For a considerable time after the border was defined so to make the northern portion of the territory concerned part of the French mandated territory that became Lebanon, many Zionist geographers — and Israeli geographers in the state's early years — continued to speak of "The Upper Galilee" as being "the northern sub-area of the <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>". </p><p>Under this definition, "The Upper Galilee" covers an area spreading over 1,500 km<sup>2</sup>, about 700 in Israel and the rest in Lebanon. This included the highland region of <a href="/wiki/Belad_Bechara" title="Belad Bechara">Belad Bechara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jabal_Amel" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal Amel">Jabal Amel</a> located in <a href="/wiki/South_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="South Lebanon">South Lebanon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which was at for some time known in Hebrew as "The Lebanese Galilee".<sup id="cite_ref-ariel_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ariel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As defined in geographical terms, "it is separated from the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Galilee" title="Lower Galilee">Lower Galilee</a> by the Beit HaKerem valley; its mountains are taller and valleys are deeper than those in the <a href="/wiki/Lower_Galilee" title="Lower Galilee">Lower Galilee</a>; its tallest peak is <a href="/wiki/Har_Meron" class="mw-redirect" title="Har Meron">Har Meron</a> at 1,208 m above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>. <a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a> is one of the major cities in this region". </p><p>In recent decades, however, this usage has virtually disappeared from the general Israeli discourse, the term "Upper Galilee" being used solely in reference to the part located in Israel. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1208px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Har_Ari_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view taken from mount Ari in the Upper Galilee towards the Lower Galilee"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Har_Ari_panorama.jpg/1200px-Har_Ari_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="1200" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Har_Ari_panorama.jpg/1800px-Har_Ari_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Har_Ari_panorama.jpg/2400px-Har_Ari_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4586" data-file-height="1039" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Har_Ari_panorama.jpg" title="File:Har Ari panorama.jpg"> </a></div>A panoramic view taken from <a href="/wiki/Har_HaAri" title="Har HaAri">mount Ari</a> in the Upper Galilee towards the Lower Galilee</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_art">In art</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Galilee&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In art"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Artists_Quarter_of_Safed" title="Artists Quarter of Safed">Artists Quarter of Safed</a></div> <p>The Upper Galilee region, specifically the city of <a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a> was a centre of Israeli and Jewish art since 1920 when the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Paris" title="School of Paris">School of Paris</a> painter, <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Frenkel" title="Yitzhak Frenkel">Yitzhak Frenkel</a> visited the region and was the first to settle in Safed where he later established an art school.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:82_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:82-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Safed was established the <a href="/wiki/Artists_Quarter_of_Safed" title="Artists Quarter of Safed">Artists' quarter of Safed</a>. Safed harbored mysticism and was reminiscent of picturesque villages, which drew artists such as Frenkel, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Castel" title="Moshe Castel">Moshe Castel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mordechai_Levanon" title="Mordechai Levanon">Mordechai Levanon</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:32_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FRENKEL_FRENEL_MUSEUM_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRENKEL_FRENEL_MUSEUM-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artists were drawn to the upper galilee due to its mountainous landscapes and "mysticsm". Prior to the air conditioner, Safed also attracted artists due to its climatic conditions which were more comfortable than Tel Aviv during the summer.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Safed also offered different themes for the artists, from the Klezmer musicians to the Hasidim and the city itself.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:03_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mount_Meron" title="Mount Meron">Mount Meron</a> was also an object in artworks by Jewish artists with artists such as Frenkel and <a href="/wiki/Rolly_Schaffer" title="Rolly Schaffer">Rolly Schaffer</a> painting serene or fiery scenes of sunset over the mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-:32_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:32-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Galilee&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Upper_Galilee_123.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mountainous area in the Upper Galilee"><img alt="Mountainous area in the Upper Galilee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Upper_Galilee_123.JPG/200px-Upper_Galilee_123.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Upper_Galilee_123.JPG/300px-Upper_Galilee_123.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Upper_Galilee_123.JPG/400px-Upper_Galilee_123.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mountainous area in the Upper Galilee</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baydar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ain Ebel in the Lebanese Upper Galilee"><img alt="Ain Ebel in the Lebanese Upper Galilee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Baydar.jpg/200px-Baydar.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Baydar.jpg/300px-Baydar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Baydar.jpg/400px-Baydar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ain_Ebel" title="Ain Ebel">Ain Ebel</a> in the Lebanese Upper Galilee</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Meron_124PAN.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A view looking north from the top of Har Meron in the Upper Galilee. Parts of southern Lebanon are visible in the background"><img alt="A view looking north from the top of Har Meron in the Upper Galilee. Parts of southern Lebanon are visible in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Meron_124PAN.jpg/200px-Meron_124PAN.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Meron_124PAN.jpg/300px-Meron_124PAN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Meron_124PAN.jpg/400px-Meron_124PAN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3074" data-file-height="742" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A view looking north from the top of <a href="/wiki/Har_Meron" class="mw-redirect" title="Har Meron">Har Meron</a> in the Upper Galilee. Parts of southern Lebanon are visible in the background</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GalileeRoshPina.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Old road from Rosh Pinna to Safed, Upper Galilee, Israel"><img alt="Old road from Rosh Pinna to Safed, Upper Galilee, Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/GalileeRoshPina.JPG/200px-GalileeRoshPina.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/GalileeRoshPina.JPG/300px-GalileeRoshPina.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/GalileeRoshPina.JPG/400px-GalileeRoshPina.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Old road from <a href="/wiki/Rosh_Pinna" title="Rosh Pinna">Rosh Pinna</a> to <a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a>, Upper Galilee, Israel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_4518_Keshet_Cave.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Keshet Cave (a natural arch) located on a ridge near Nahal Betzet"><img alt="The Keshet Cave (a natural arch) located on a ridge near Nahal Betzet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PikiWiki_Israel_4518_Keshet_Cave.JPG/200px-PikiWiki_Israel_4518_Keshet_Cave.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PikiWiki_Israel_4518_Keshet_Cave.JPG/300px-PikiWiki_Israel_4518_Keshet_Cave.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PikiWiki_Israel_4518_Keshet_Cave.JPG/400px-PikiWiki_Israel_4518_Keshet_Cave.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Keshet_Cave" title="Keshet Cave">Keshet Cave</a> (a <a href="/wiki/Natural_arch" title="Natural arch">natural arch</a>) located on a ridge near <a href="/wiki/Nahal_Betzet" title="Nahal Betzet">Nahal Betzet</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amud_stream.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Amud river"><img alt="The Amud river" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Amud_stream.JPG/200px-Amud_stream.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Amud_stream.JPG/300px-Amud_stream.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Amud_stream.JPG/400px-Amud_stream.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Amud_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Amud river">Amud river</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Safed_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Safed"><img alt="Safed" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Safed_2009.jpg/200px-Safed_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Safed_2009.jpg/300px-Safed_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Safed_2009.jpg/400px-Safed_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Safed" title="Safed">Safed</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karmiel.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karmiel"><img alt="Karmiel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Karmiel.jpg/200px-Karmiel.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Karmiel.jpg/300px-Karmiel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Karmiel.jpg/400px-Karmiel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Karmiel" title="Karmiel">Karmiel</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AmudHorses.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Horses roam in Amud stream, near the Sea of Galilee"><img alt="Horses roam in Amud stream, near the Sea of Galilee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/AmudHorses.JPG/200px-AmudHorses.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/AmudHorses.JPG/300px-AmudHorses.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/AmudHorses.JPG/400px-AmudHorses.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Horses roam in <a href="/wiki/Nahal_Amud" title="Nahal Amud">Amud stream</a>, near the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Galilee&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galilee_panhandle" title="Galilee panhandle">Galilee panhandle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_District_(Israel)" title="Northern District (Israel)">Northern District (Israel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Galilee_Regional_Council" title="Upper Galilee Regional Council">Upper Galilee Regional Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Misgav" title="Nahal Misgav">Nahal Misgav</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Upper_Galilee&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:02-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHecht_Museum2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hecht Museum (2013). <i>After the School Of Paris</i> (in English and Hebrew). Israel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789655350272" title="Special:BookSources/9789655350272"><bdi>9789655350272</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+the+School+Of+Paris&rft.place=Israel&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789655350272&rft.au=Hecht+Museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOfrat1987" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ofrat, Gideon (1987). <i>The Golden Age of Painting in Safed</i> (in Hebrew). Tel Aviv: Sifriat HaPoalim.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Golden+Age+of+Painting+in+Safed&rft.place=Tel+Aviv&rft.pub=Sifriat+HaPoalim&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Ofrat&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ariel-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ariel_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ariel_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVilnai,_Ze'ev1976" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vilnai, Ze'ev (1976). "Upper Galilee". <i>Ariel Encyclopedia</i> (in Hebrew). Vol. 2. Israel: Am Oved. pp. 1364–67.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Upper+Galilee&rft.btitle=Ariel+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Israel&rft.pages=1364-67&rft.pub=Am+Oved&rft.date=1976&rft.au=Vilnai%2C+Ze%27ev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Aviam & P. Richardson, "Josephus' Galilee in Archaeological Perspective", published in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Mason_(biblical_scholar)" title="Steve Mason (biblical scholar)">Mason, Steve</a>, ed. (2001). <i>Life of Josephus</i>. Flavius Josephus: Translation and Commentary. Vol. 9. BRILL. pp. 179;182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004117938" title="Special:BookSources/9004117938"><bdi>9004117938</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Life+of+Josephus&rft.series=Flavius+Josephus%3A+Translation+and+Commentary&rft.pages=pp.+179%3B182&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9004117938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span>; Josephus, <i>De Bello Judaico</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wars_of_the_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Wars of the Jews">Wars of the Jews</a>) II, 577; III, 46 (<i>Wars of the Jews</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0148%3Abook%3D3%3Awhiston+chapter%3D3%3Awhiston+section%3D1">3.3.1</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eric M. Meyers, "Galilean Regionalism as a Factor in Historical Reconstruction," in: <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_the_American_Schools_of_Oriental_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research">Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research</a></i> (No. 221, 1976), p. 95</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAviam2001" class="citation cs2">Aviam, Mordechai (2001-01-01), Avery-Peck, Alan; Neusner, Jacob (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/book/edcoll/9789004294172/B9789004294172-s008.xml">"THE ANCIENT SYNAGOGUES AT BARʿAM"</a>, <i>Judaism in Late Antiquity 3. Where we Stand: Issues and Debates in Ancient Judaism</i>, BRILL, pp. 155–177, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004294172_008">10.1163/9789004294172_008</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29417-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-29417-2"><bdi>978-90-04-29417-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-02</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Judaism+in+Late+Antiquity+3.+Where+we+Stand%3A+Issues+and+Debates+in+Ancient+Judaism&rft.atitle=THE+ANCIENT+SYNAGOGUES+AT+BAR%CA%BFAM&rft.pages=155-177&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004294172_008&rft.isbn=978-90-04-29417-2&rft.aulast=Aviam&rft.aufirst=Mordechai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fbook%2Fedcoll%2F9789004294172%2FB9789004294172-s008.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Eric_M._Meyers" title="Eric M. Meyers">Eric M. Meyers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carol_Meyers" title="Carol Meyers">Carol Meyers</a>, "Excavations at Ancient Nabratein: Synagogue and Environs," Meiron Excavation Project Reports - MEPR 6, Eisenbrauns, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHachlili2013" class="citation book cs1">Hachlili, Rachel (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jRjhAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA588">"Dating of the Upper Galilee Synagogues"</a>. <i>Ancient Synagogues - Archaeology and Art: New Discoveries and Current Research</i>. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 1, Ancient Near East; vol. 105 = Handbuch der Orientalistik. BRILL. pp. 586, 588. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25772-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-25772-6"><bdi>978-90-04-25772-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dating+of+the+Upper+Galilee+Synagogues&rft.btitle=Ancient+Synagogues+-+Archaeology+and+Art%3A+New+Discoveries+and+Current+Research&rft.series=Handbook+of+Oriental+Studies.+Section+1%2C+Ancient+Near+East%3B+vol.+105+%3D+Handbuch+der+Orientalistik&rft.pages=586%2C+588&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-90-04-25772-6&rft.aulast=Hachlili&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjRjhAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA588&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sci-news.com/archaeology/article00436.html">Remains of Roman Period Synagogue Discovered in Galilee, July 2, 2012, Science News</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NegevGibson2005-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NegevGibson2005_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvraham_NegevShimon_Gibson2005" class="citation book cs1">Avraham Negev; Shimon Gibson (July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=27nq65cZUIgC&pg=PA118"><i>Archaeological encyclopedia of the Holy Land</i></a>. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 118. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-8571-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-8571-7"><bdi>978-0-8264-8571-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004511323">"Ancient Synagogues (2 vols)"</a>. <i>Brill</i>: 62–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F9789004511323">10.1163/9789004511323</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11254-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-11254-4"><bdi>978-90-04-11254-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Brill&rft.atitle=Ancient+Synagogues+%282+vols%29&rft.pages=62-63&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F9789004511323&rft.isbn=978-90-04-11254-4&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1163%2F9789004511323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvi-Yonah1976" class="citation journal cs1">Avi-Yonah, Michael (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43587090">"Gazetteer of Roman Palestine"</a>. <i>Qedem</i>. <b>5</b>: 89. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0333-5844">0333-5844</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/43587090">43587090</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Qedem&rft.atitle=Gazetteer+of+Roman+Palestine&rft.volume=5&rft.pages=89&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43587090%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0333-5844&rft.aulast=Avi-Yonah&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F43587090&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110715774-031/html">"XXIII. ʿAlma"</a>, <i>Volume 5/Part 1 Galilaea and Northern Regions: 5876-6924</i>, De Gruyter, pp. 146–149, 2023-03-20, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2F9783110715774-031">10.1515/9783110715774-031</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-071577-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-071577-4"><bdi>978-3-11-071577-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Volume+5%2FPart+1+Galilaea+and+Northern+Regions%3A+5876-6924&rft.atitle=XXIII.+%CA%BFAlma&rft.pages=146-149&rft.date=2023-03-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110715774-031&rft.isbn=978-3-11-071577-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110715774-031%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalibi1988" class="citation book cs1">Salibi, Kamal S. 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Tauris. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85043-091-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85043-091-8"><bdi>1-85043-091-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+House+of+Many+Mansions%3A+The+History+of+Lebanon+Reconsidered&rft.place=London&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=1-85043-091-8&rft.aulast=Salibi&rft.aufirst=Kamal+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFארי2009" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">ארי, מיכל בן (2009-03-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynet.co.il/article/3675655">"שיר שחלמתי על צפת"</a>. <i>Ynet</i> (in Hebrew)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet&rft.atitle=%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A8+%D7%A9%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%99+%D7%A2%D7%9C+%D7%A6%D7%A4%D7%AA&rft.date=2009-03-02&rft.aulast=%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99&rft.aufirst=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%9C+%D7%91%D7%9F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynet.co.il%2Farticle%2F3675655&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:82-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:82_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarzel1974" class="citation book cs1">Barzel, Amnon (1974). <i>Frenel Isaac Alexandre</i>. Israel: Masada. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frenel+Isaac+Alexandre&rft.place=Israel&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Masada&rft.date=1974&rft.aulast=Barzel&rft.aufirst=Amnon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:32-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:32_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:32_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOfrat" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ofrat, Gideon. <i>The Art and Artists of Safed</i> (in Hebrew). pp. 89–90.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+and+Artists+of+Safed&rft.pages=89-90&rft.aulast=Ofrat&rft.aufirst=Gideon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FRENKEL_FRENEL_MUSEUM-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FRENKEL_FRENEL_MUSEUM_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frenkel-frenel.org/The_official_Isaac_Frenkel-Frenel_web_site/Welcome.html">"FRENKEL FRENEL MUSEUM"</a>. <i>www.frenkel-frenel.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.frenkel-frenel.org&rft.atitle=FRENKEL+FRENEL+MUSEUM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frenkel-frenel.org%2FThe_official_Isaac_Frenkel-Frenel_web_site%2FWelcome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:03_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHecht_Museum2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hecht Museum (2013). <i>After the School Of Paris</i> (in English and Hebrew). Israel. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789655350272" title="Special:BookSources/9789655350272"><bdi>9789655350272</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+the+School+Of+Paris&rft.place=Israel&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789655350272&rft.au=Hecht+Museum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUpper+Galilee" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span 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