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class="mw-page-title-main">Beifudi</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beifudi_(sitio_neol%C3%ADtico)" title="Beifudi (sitio neolítico) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Beifudi (sitio neolítico)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%ED%91%B8%EB%94%94" title="베이푸디 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베이푸디" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beifudi" title="Beifudi – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Beifudi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Archaeological site</div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:China_provinces_hebei.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/China_provinces_hebei.png/220px-China_provinces_hebei.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/China_provinces_hebei.png 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>Location of <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei Province</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Beifudi</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans">北福地</span>) is an archaeological site and <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> village in <a href="/wiki/Yi_County,_Hebei" title="Yi County, Hebei">Yi County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebei" title="Hebei">Hebei</a>, China.<sup id="cite_ref-archdis_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archdis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site, an area of 3 ha on the northern bank of the Yishui River, contains <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(archaeology)" title="Artifact (archaeology)">artifacts</a> of a culture contemporaneous with the <a href="/wiki/Cishan_culture" title="Cishan culture">Cishan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Xinglongwa_culture" title="Xinglongwa culture">Xinglongwa</a> cultures of about 8000–7000 BP,<sup id="cite_ref-archdis_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archdis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> two known Neolithic cultures east of the <a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a>, and thus fills an archaeological gap between the two Northern Chinese cultures. The total excavated area is more than 1,200 square meters and the collection of neolithic findings at the site has been conducted in two phases.<sup id="cite_ref-archdis_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archdis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This archaeological site was voted Number One in the Top Ten most outstanding archaeological findings in 2004 by Chinese archaeologists in their annual poll.<sup id="cite_ref-topten_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topten-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Findings">Findings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beifudi&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Findings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The most significant discovery in the first phase of the site's excavation is the large number of <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a> <a href="/wiki/Masks" class="mw-redirect" title="Masks">masks</a> in the shape of human and animal faces, the oldest extant carvings to date. A dozen carved clay masks, in cat, monkey and pig as well as human likenesses, have been unearthed at Beifudi. One mask of a human face has a mouth and nose in carved <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">relief</a> and the eyes are pierced out. The first <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engraved</a> clay artifacts ever found in ruins of this age, the masks add several millennia to China's history of <a href="/wiki/Stone_carving" title="Stone carving">carving</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-topten_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-topten-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These artifacts, along with raised platforms, or <a href="/wiki/Altar" title="Altar">altars</a>, may provide information on various early religious practices.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the beliefs of these Neolithic people are not known, the early Chinese almost certainly performed <a href="/wiki/Ritual" title="Ritual">ritual</a> <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceremonial">ceremonial</a> <a href="/wiki/Sacrifice" title="Sacrifice">sacrifices</a> and burned <a href="/wiki/Burial" title="Burial">burials</a> (<i>fanyi</i>) on the raised platforms, as both human and animal burials have been found. The masks are believed to be part of the ritual performances accompanying sacrifices and burials.<sup id="cite_ref-lui_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lui-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Excavations in the second phase, dating to 6500–7000 BP<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> include pottery and <a href="/wiki/Stone_tool" title="Stone tool">stone tools</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceramic_art" title="Ceramic art">ceramic</a> <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pots</a> (including the round-bottom fu vessel, the vessel seat, and the bo bowl) and small-mouth-double-handled pots.<sup id="cite_ref-archdis_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archdis-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archaeologists have unearthed the ruins of ten well-preserved <a href="/wiki/Cave" title="Cave">cave</a> shelters concentrated in one location, arranged systematically with cooking and living areas located in the center of the dwellings. Artifacts excavated from dwellings include stone blocks, <a href="/wiki/Building_material" title="Building material">building materials</a>, and broken pottery. Ash pits, and <a href="/wiki/Sacrificial" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacrificial">sacrificial</a> sites have been excavated as well as pieces of <a href="/wiki/Jade" title="Jade">jade</a> and very well preserved carved ceramic masks.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conclusions">Conclusions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beifudi&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conclusions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drawing on <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geology" title="Geology">geology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthropology" title="Anthropology">anthropology</a>, modern scholars do not see the origins of the <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of China">Chinese civilization</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chinese_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese history">Chinese history</a> as one story but rather the history of the interactions of many different cultures and many different <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups">ethnic groups</a> that influenced each other's development. As the prehistoric Beifudi site is in northern China where the climate is drier than in the south, it is likely that this culture cultivated <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a> although no direct evidence of cultivation has been found. The finding of stone tools for food processing does not reliably prove that the culture had developed agriculture as such tools were used before the cultivation of crops.<sup id="cite_ref-cambridge_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cambridge-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The importance of the prehistoric Beifudi site lies in its potential to provide archaeological information on the beliefs and ceremonial practices of this ancient culture through the ancient carved artifacts found there, as well as further understanding of the beginnings of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_architecture" title="Chinese architecture">Chinese architecture</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beifudi&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-archdis-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-archdis_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archdis_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archdis_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-archdis_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512174808/http://www.kaogu.cn/en/detail.asp?ProductID=982">"New Archaeological Discoveries and Researches in 2004 -- The Fourth Archaeology Forum of CASS"</a>. Institute of Archaeology - Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaogu.cn/en/detail.asp?ProductID=982">the original</a> on 2011-05-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Archaeological+Discoveries+and+Researches+in+2004+--+The+Fourth+Archaeology+Forum+of+CASS&rft.pub=Institute+of+Archaeology+-+Chinese+Academy+of+Social+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaogu.cn%2Fen%2Fdetail.asp%3FProductID%3D982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeifudi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-topten-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-topten_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-topten_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080430143637/http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/English/e2005/e200509/p54.htm">"Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries of 2004"</a>. chinatoday.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/English/e2005/e200509/p54.htm">the original</a> on 2008-04-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Top+Ten+Archaeological+Discoveries+of+2004&rft.pub=chinatoday.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinatoday.com.cn%2FEnglish%2Fe2005%2Fe200509%2Fp54.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeifudi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/Archaeology/149496.htm#1">"Prehistoric Site at Beifudi, Yixian County, Hebei Province"</a>. china.org.cn<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prehistoric+Site+at+Beifudi%2C+Yixian+County%2C+Hebei+Province.&rft.pub=china.org.cn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.china.org.cn%2Fenglish%2Ffeatures%2FArchaeology%2F149496.htm%231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeifudi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/articles.php?searchterm=002_topten.inc&issue=002">"Beifudi prehistoric site, Yixian county, Hebei province Date: neolithic"</a>. chinaheritagenewsletter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070830104132/http://www.chinaheritagenewsletter.org/articles.php?searchterm=002_topten.inc&issue=002">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beifudi+prehistoric+site%2C+Yixian+county%2C+Hebei+province+Date%3A+neolithic&rft.pub=chinaheritagenewsletter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaheritagenewsletter.org%2Farticles.php%3Fsearchterm%3D002_topten.inc%26issue%3D002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeifudi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lui-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lui_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFXujie2002" class="citation book cs1">Xujie, Lui (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinesearchitect0000unse/page/16"><i>Chinese Architecture -- The Origins of Chinese Architecture</i></a> (English ed.). Yale University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chinesearchitect0000unse/page/16">16–18</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-09559-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-09559-7"><bdi>0-300-09559-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chinese+Architecture+--+The+Origins+of+Chinese+Architecture&rft.pages=16-18&rft.edition=English&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-300-09559-7&rft.aulast=Xujie&rft.aufirst=Lui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchinesearchitect0000unse%2Fpage%2F16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeifudi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110512174808/http://www.kaogu.cn/en/detail.asp?ProductID=982">"New Archaeological Discoveries and Researches in 2004 -- The Forth Archaeology Forum of CASS"</a>. Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Science. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kaogu.cn/en/detail.asp?ProductID=982">the original</a> on 2011-05-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-03-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Archaeological+Discoveries+and+Researches+in+2004+--+The+Forth+Archaeology+Forum+of+CASS&rft.pub=Institute+of+Archaeology+of+the+Chinese+Academy+of+Science&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaogu.cn%2Fen%2Fdetail.asp%3FProductID%3D982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeifudi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.people.com.cn/200502/28/eng20050228_174889.html">"Ruins of prehistoric village discovered in N. China"</a>. People's Daily Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-09-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ruins+of+prehistoric+village+discovered+in+N.+China&rft.pub=People%27s+Daily+Online&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.people.com.cn%2F200502%2F28%2Feng20050228_174889.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeifudi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cambridge-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cambridge_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbrey2006" class="citation book cs1">Ebrey, Patricia (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgeillustr00ebre_0"><i>The Cambridge Illustrated History of China</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgeillustr00ebre_0/page/12">12</a>–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-43519-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-43519-6"><bdi>0-521-43519-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Illustrated+History+of+China&rft.pages=12-18&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-521-43519-6&rft.aulast=Ebrey&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgeillustr00ebre_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABeifudi" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beifudi&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/Archaeology/149496.htm">Top Ten Archaeological Discoveries of 2004</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515203022/http://www.hceis.com/product/index/Archaeology/the%20complete%20collection%20of%20jades%20unearthed%20in%20china1.htm">The Complete Collection of Jades Unearthed in China-Vol.1 Jades Unearthed from the areas of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei 中国出土玉器全集-第一卷北京-天津-河北出土的玉器 In Chinese and English bilingual</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Category:Hebei">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebei#History" title="Hebei">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Hebei" title="Politics of Hebei">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei#Economy" title="Hebei">Economy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Hebei" title="Category:Geography of Hebei">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China#Hebei" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in the People's Republic of China">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_China_Plain" title="North China Plain">North China Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taihang_Mountains" title="Taihang Mountains">Taihang Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yan_Mountains" title="Yan Mountains">Yan Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanhai_Pass" title="Shanhai Pass">Shanhai Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohai_Sea" title="Bohai Sea">Bohai Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hai_River" title="Hai River">Hai River watershed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luan_River" title="Luan River">Luan River watershed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiyangdian" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiyangdian">Baiyangdian Lake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_Hebei" title="List of universities and colleges in Hebei">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebei_University" title="Hebei University">Hebei University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei_Normal_University" title="Hebei Normal University">Hebei Normal University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei_Agricultural_University" title="Hebei Agricultural University">Hebei Agricultural University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei_University_of_Technology" title="Hebei University of Technology">Hebei University of Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei_University_of_Economics_and_Business" title="Hebei University of Economics and Business">Hebei University of Economics and Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei_University_of_Science_and_Technology" title="Hebei University of Science and Technology">Hebei University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_University_at_Qinhuangdao" title="Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao">Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hebei#Culture" title="Hebei">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#F4F0EC"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhongyuan_culture" title="Zhongyuan culture">Zhongyuan culture</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Music_of_Hebei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Music of Hebei (page does not exist)">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ping_opera" title="Ping opera">Ping opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Errentai" title="Errentai">Errentai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Visitor attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beidaihe" class="mw-redirect" title="Beidaihe">Beidaihe beach resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chengde_Mountain_Resort" title="Chengde Mountain Resort">Chengde Mountain Resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Qing_Tombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Qing Tombs">Eastern Qing Tombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Qing_Tombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Qing Tombs">Western Qing Tombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anji_Bridge" title="Anji Bridge">Anji Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebei_Museum" title="Hebei Museum">Hebei Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dajingmen" title="Dajingmen">Dajingmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Hebei" title="Category:Hebei">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hebei" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hebei">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prehistoric_cultures_of_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD699;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prehistoric_cultures_of_China" title="Template:Prehistoric cultures of China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prehistoric_cultures_of_China" title="Template talk:Prehistoric cultures of China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric_cultures_of_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prehistoric cultures of China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prehistoric_cultures_of_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prehistoric cultures of China</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD699;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Paleolithic_sites_in_China" title="List of Paleolithic sites in China">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Neolithic_cultures_of_China" title="List of Neolithic cultures of China">Neolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bronze_Age_sites_in_China" title="List of Bronze Age sites in China">Bronze Age</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Northeastern China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FFE5BE;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglongwa_culture" title="Xinglongwa culture">Xinglongwa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglonggou" title="Xinglonggou">Xinglonggou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xinle_culture" title="Xinle culture">Xinle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhaobaogou_culture" title="Zhaobaogou culture">Zhaobaogou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongshan_culture" title="Hongshan culture">Hongshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglonggou" title="Xinglonggou">Xinglonggou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niuheliang" title="Niuheliang">Niuheliang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoheyan_culture" title="Xiaoheyan culture">Xiaoheyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Xiajiadian_culture" title="Lower Xiajiadian culture">Lower Xiajiadian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinglonggou" title="Xinglonggou">Xinglonggou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laohushan_culture" title="Laohushan culture">Laohushan</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Xituanshan" title="Xituanshan">Xituanshan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Xiajiadian_culture" title="Upper Xiajiadian culture">Upper Xiajiadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijinbao_culture" title="Baijinbao culture">Baijinbao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liaoning_bronze_dagger_culture" title="Liaoning bronze dagger culture">Liaoning bronze dagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jinggouzi_culture" title="Jinggouzi culture">Jinggouzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaodaogou_culture" title="Chaodaogou culture">Chaodaogou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Upper Yellow River</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FFF1DD;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dadiwan_culture" title="Dadiwan culture">Dadiwan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xishanping" title="Xishanping">Xishanping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majiayao_culture" title="Majiayao culture">Majiayao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xishanping" title="Xishanping">Xishanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banshan" title="Banshan">Banshan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qijia_culture" title="Qijia culture">Qijia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xishanping" title="Xishanping">Xishanping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lajia" title="Lajia">Lajia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhukaigou_culture" title="Zhukaigou culture">Zhukaigou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xindian_culture" title="Xindian culture">Xindian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xicha_culture" title="Xicha culture">Xicha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siwa_culture" title="Siwa culture">Siwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kayue_culture" title="Kayue culture">Kayue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_culture" title="Ordos culture">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoqinggou_culture" title="Maoqinggou culture">Maoqinggou</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Majiayuan_site" title="Majiayuan site">Majiayuan</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Middle Yellow River</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FFE5BE;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Nanzhuangtou" title="Nanzhuangtou">Nanzhuangtou</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peiligang_culture" title="Peiligang culture">Peiligang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jiahu" title="Jiahu">Jiahu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cishan_culture" title="Cishan culture">Cishan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadiwan_culture" title="Dadiwan culture">Dadiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baijia_culture" title="Baijia culture">Baijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangshao_culture" title="Yangshao culture">Yangshao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banpo" title="Banpo">Banpo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jiangzhai,_Xi%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Jiangzhai, Xi'an">Jiangzhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangguanzhai" title="Yangguanzhai">Yangguanzhai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longshan_culture" title="Longshan culture">Longshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taosi" title="Taosi">Taosi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimao" title="Shimao">Shimao</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlitou_culture" title="Erlitou culture">Erlitou</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xinzhai" title="Xinzhai">Xinzhai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erligang_culture" title="Erligang culture">Erligang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zhengzhou_Shang_City" title="Zhengzhou Shang City">Zhengzhou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaoshuangqiao" title="Xiaoshuangqiao">Xiaoshuangqiao</a></li></ul></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/Huanbei" title="Huanbei">Huanbei</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Lower Yellow River</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FFF1DD;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Houli_culture" title="Houli culture">Houli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beixin_culture" title="Beixin culture">Beixin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangshao_culture" title="Yangshao culture">Yangshao</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xishuipo" title="Xishuipo">Xishuipo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawenkou_culture" title="Dawenkou culture">Dawenkou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longshan_culture" title="Longshan culture">Longshan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chengziya" title="Chengziya">Chengziya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueshi_culture" title="Yueshi culture">Yueshi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Middle and Upper Yangtze</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FFE5BE;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pengtoushan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pengtoushan">Pengtoushan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bashidang" title="Bashidang">Bashidang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chengbeixi_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chengbeixi culture (page does not exist)">Chengbeixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daxi_culture" title="Daxi culture">Daxi</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tangjiagang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tangjiagang (page does not exist)">Tangjiagang</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qujialing_culture" title="Qujialing culture">Qujialing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijiahe_culture" title="Shijiahe culture">Shijiahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baodun_culture" title="Baodun culture">Baodun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanxingdui" title="Sanxingdui">Sanxingdui</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jinsha_site" title="Jinsha site">Jinsha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erligang_culture" title="Erligang culture">Erligang</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Panlongcheng" title="Panlongcheng">Panlongcheng</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feijiahe_culture" title="Feijiahe culture">Feijiahe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Lower Yangtze and Huai</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FFF1DD;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Kuahuqiao_site" title="Kuahuqiao site">Kuahuqiao</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemudu_culture" title="Hemudu culture">Hemudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majiabang_culture" title="Majiabang culture">Majiabang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songze_culture" title="Songze culture">Songze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingjiatan_culture" title="Lingjiatan culture">Lingjiatan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangzhu_culture" title="Liangzhu culture">Liangzhu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_ruins_of_Liangzhu_City" title="Archaeological ruins of Liangzhu City">Liangzhu City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangfulin" title="Guangfulin">Guangfulin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maqiao_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maqiao culture (page does not exist)">Maqiao</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Southern China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FFE5BE;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Zengpiyan" title="Zengpiyan">Zengpiyan</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shixia_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shixia culture (page does not exist)">Shixia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wucheng_culture" title="Wucheng culture">Wucheng</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dayangzhou_site" title="Dayangzhou site">Dayangzhou</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanchengdui_culture" title="Fanchengdui culture">Fanchengdui</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fanchengdui" title="Fanchengdui">Fanchengdui</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Tibet" title="Neolithic Tibet">Tibet</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FFF1DD;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karuo_culture" title="Karuo culture">Karuo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Qugong_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qugong culture (page does not exist)">Qugong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Xinjiang" title="History of Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FFE5BE;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a href="/wiki/Xiaohe_Cemetery" title="Xiaohe Cemetery">Xiaohe</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarim_mummies" title="Tarim mummies">Tarim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subeshi_culture" title="Subeshi culture">Subeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shirenzigou_culture" title="Shirenzigou culture">Shirenzigou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Taiwan" title="Prehistory of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FFF1DD;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dabenkeng_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Dabenkeng culture">Dabenkeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beinan_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Beinan culture">Beinan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#FFD699;;width:8.5em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0;background:#FFE5BE;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>(<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Beifudi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yumin_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yumin culture (page does not exist)">Yumin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xichengyi_culture" title="Xichengyi culture">Xichengyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siba_culture" title="Siba culture">Siba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanma_culture" title="Shanma culture">Shanma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shajing_culture" title="Shajing culture">Shajing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0;background:#FFF1DD;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liao_civilization" title="Liao civilization">Liao civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_River_civilization" title="Yellow River civilization">Yellow River civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_civilization" title="Yangtze civilization">Yangtze civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#FFD699;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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