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href="#bodyContent">Vés al contingut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div 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class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Canals_IRC"><span>Xat</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Ajuda" title="El lloc per a saber més coses"><span>Ajuda</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Portada" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Viquipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'Enciclopèdia Lliure" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ca.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Cerca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </a> <div 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<div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Cordats" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Cordats" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la sessió</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines personals" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines personals</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca"><span>Donatius</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Cordats" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crea un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Cordats" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Característiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Característiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Característiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Característiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diversitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diversitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Diversitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diversitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orígens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orígens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Orígens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orígens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Taxonomia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taxonomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cordats</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 149 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-149" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">149 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugkoorddiere" title="Rugkoorddiere - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rugkoorddiere" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordatiere" title="Chordatiere - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Chordatiere" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%B0%E1%88%B5%E1%8C%8C" title="አምደስጌ - amhàric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አምደስጌ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhàric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حبليات - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حبليات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حبليات - Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="حبليات" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حبليات - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حبليات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%27%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="ক'ৰডাটা - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ক'ৰডাটা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - asturià" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE" title="कर्डेटा - awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="कर्डेटा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xordal%C4%B1lar" title="Xordalılar - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xordalılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="خوردالیلار - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="خوردالیلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хордалылар - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хордалылар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - balinès" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuord%C4%97n%C4%93" title="Chuordėnē - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Chuordėnē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Хордавыя - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хордавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Хордавыя - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хордавыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Хордови - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хордови" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F" title="कार्डेट - Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कार्डेट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE" title="কর্ডাটা - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কর্ডাটা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%92%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%82%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%86%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B" title="སྒལ་ཐག་སྲོག་ཆགས་ - tibetà" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སྒལ་ཐག་སྲོག་ཆགས་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordeg" title="Kordeg - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kordeg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordati" title="Hordati - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hordati" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%B1%D1%88%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD" title="Хүбшэтэн - Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хүбшэтэн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9k-s%C3%B3%CC%A4h_d%C3%B4ng-%C5%ADk" title="Cék-só̤h dông-ŭk - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cék-só̤h dông-ŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maybukobuko" title="Maybukobuko - cebuà" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Maybukobuko" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="مازەداران - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مازەداران" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strunatci" title="Strunatci - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Strunatci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BB%D3%B3%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Хирлӳлли - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хирлӳлли" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordog" title="Cordog - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cordog" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordater" title="Chordater - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Chordater" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordatiere" title="Chordatiere - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chordatiere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B4%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AC" title="Χορδωτά - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χορδωτά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chordate" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%A4orduloj" title="Ĥorduloj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĥorduloj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keelikloomad" title="Keelikloomad - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keelikloomad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordatu" title="Kordatu - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kordatu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - extremeny" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="extremeny" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="طنابداران - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طنابداران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selk%C3%A4j%C3%A4nteiset" title="Selkäjänteiset - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Selkäjänteiset" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - feroès" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cord%C3%A2s" title="Cordâs - Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cordâs" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragstringdiarten" title="Ragstringdiarten - frisó septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ragstringdiarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisó septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAchstringdieren" title="Rêchstringdieren - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Rêchstringdieren" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - irlandès" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - gaèlic escocès" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaèlic escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordados" title="Cordados - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cordados" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mymba_s%C3%A3_atukup%C3%A9pe" title="Mymba sã atukupépe - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Mymba sã atukupépe" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chit-sok_thung-vu%CC%8Dt" title="Chit-sok thung-vu̍t - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chit-sok thung-vu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מיתרניים - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיתרניים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="रज्जुकी - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="रज्जुकी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - hindi de Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi de Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svitkovci" title="Svitkovci - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Svitkovci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2de" title="Kòde - crioll d’Haití" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kòde" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioll d’Haití" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerinch%C3%BArosok" title="Gerinchúrosok - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gerinchúrosok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Քորդավորներ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քորդավորներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordato" title="Chordato - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Chordato" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Хорда - ingúix" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Хорда" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingúix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seild%C3%BDr" title="Seildýr - islandès" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Seildýr" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="脊索動物 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="脊索動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/skoselti%27e" title="skoselti'e - lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="skoselti'e" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ქორდიანები - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქორდიანები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timzikrin" title="Timzikrin - cabilenc" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Timzikrin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilenc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хордалылар - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хордалылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕಾರ್ಡೇಟ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಾರ್ಡೇಟ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%99%EC%82%AD%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="척삭동물 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="척삭동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%81%C3%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8D%D0%B7" title="Мышксöнаэз - komi-permiac" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Мышксöнаэз" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%BBnpi%C5%9Ftdar_(fil%C3%BBm)" title="Stûnpiştdar (filûm) - kurd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Stûnpiştdar (filûm)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - còrnic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="còrnic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%83" title="Хордалуу - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хордалуу" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordad%C3%A9ieren" title="Chordadéieren - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Chordadéieren" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordato" title="Cordato - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cordato" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordabieste" title="Chordabieste - limburguès" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Chordabieste" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordiniai" title="Chordiniai - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chordiniai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hordai%C5%86i" title="Hordaiņi - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hordaiņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Хордови - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хордови" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1" title="കോർഡേറ്റ - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കോർഡേറ്റ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A9%D0%B2%D1%87%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BD" title="Хөвчтөн - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хөвчтөн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯥꯇꯥ - manipurí" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯣꯔꯗꯥꯇꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipurí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="कणाधारी प्राणी - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कणाधारी प्राणी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordat" title="Kordat - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kordat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - maltès" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ကော်ဒိတ် - birmà" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကော်ဒိတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="رسن‌دارون - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="رسن‌دارون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruggensnarendeerter" title="Ruggensnarendeerter - baix alemany" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Ruggensnarendeerter" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baix alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordadieren" title="Chordadieren - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chordadieren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryggstrengdyr" title="Ryggstrengdyr - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ryggstrengdyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryggstrengdyr" title="Ryggstrengdyr - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ryggstrengdyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%AD%C3%ADgh%C4%85%CC%81%C4%85%CC%81sts%CA%BC%C7%AB%C7%ABd_Dah%C3%B3l%C3%B3n%C3%ADg%C3%AD%C3%AD" title="Bííghą́ą́stsʼǫǫd Dahólónígíí - navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Bííghą́ą́stsʼǫǫd Dahólónígíí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - occità" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occità" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tushaaleeyyii" title="Tushaaleeyyii - oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Tushaaleeyyii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Хордæджынтæ - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хордæджынтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A7%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80" title="ਤੰਦਧਾਰੀ - panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤੰਦਧਾਰੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strunowce" title="Strunowce - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Strunowce" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88%DB%8C%D9%B9" title="کورڈیٹ - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کورڈیٹ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordados" title="Cordados - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cordados" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasa_tiwlliyuq" title="Wasa tiwlliyuq - quítxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Wasa tiwlliyuq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quítxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordate" title="Cordate - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cordate" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5" title="Хордовые - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хордовые" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Хордовы - Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Хордовы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хордалыктар - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хордалыктар" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - sicilià" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chordate" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%8A%D9%8A%D9%BD%D8%A7" title="ڪورڊيٽا - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪورڊيٽا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svitkovci" title="Svitkovci - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Svitkovci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%9A" title="සරජ්ජුක - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සරජ්ජුක" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chordate" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chord%C3%A1ty" title="Chordáty - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chordáty" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strunarji" title="Strunarji - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Strunarji" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savosuon%C3%A2siih" title="Savosuonâsiih - sami d’Inari" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Savosuonâsiih" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="sami d’Inari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ordat%C3%ABt" title="Çordatët - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çordatët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Хордати - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хордати" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryggstr%C3%A4ngsdjur" title="Ryggsträngsdjur - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ryggsträngsdjur" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodata" title="Kodata - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kodata" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF" title="முதுகுநாணி - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முதுகுநாணி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE" title="కార్డేటా - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కార్డేటా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Танобдорон - tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Танобдорон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87" title="สัตว์มีแกนสันหลัง - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัตว์มีแกนสันหลัง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monumanu_filo_siliva" title="Monumanu filo siliva - tongalès" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Monumanu filo siliva" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tongalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordal%C4%B1lar" title="Kordalılar - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kordalılar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Хордалылар - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хордалылар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Хордові - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хордові" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%A8%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حبلیات - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حبلیات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xordalilar" title="Xordalilar - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xordalilar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_c%C3%B3_d%C3%A2y_s%E1%BB%91ng" title="Động vật có dây sống - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động vật có dây sống" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordab%C3%AAestn" title="Chordabêestn - flamenc occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Chordabêestn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamenc occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Chordata" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="脊索动物 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="脊索动物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ქორდიანეფი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქორდიანეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%90%D7%98%D7%9F" title="כארדאטן - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="כארדאטן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doenghduz_ndoencag" title="Doenghduz ndoencag - zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Doenghduz ndoencag" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordabe%C3%AAsten" title="Chordabeêsten - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Chordabeêsten" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%8A%A8%E7%89%A9" title="脊索动物 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="脊索动物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chek-soh_t%C5%8Dng-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Chek-soh tōng-bu̍t - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chek-soh tōng-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E7%B4%A2%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="脊索動物 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="脊索動物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10915#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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href="/wiki/Cordats"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordats&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordats&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Cordats" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Cordats" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordats&oldid=34173865" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordats&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Cordats&id=34173865&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCordats"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCordats"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Cordats"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Cordats&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordats&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chordata" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chordata" hreflang="en"><span>Viquiespècies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10915" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(S'ha redirigit des de: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chordata&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordata">Chordata</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background-color: gold; text-align: center; font-size: 1.35em;"><span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Butterfly_icon_(Noun_Project).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Infotaula d'ésser viu"><img alt="Infotaula d'ésser viu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Butterfly_icon_%28Noun_Project%29.svg/25px-Butterfly_icon_%28Noun_Project%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Butterfly_icon_%28Noun_Project%29.svg/38px-Butterfly_icon_%28Noun_Project%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Butterfly_icon_%28Noun_Project%29.svg/50px-Butterfly_icon_%28Noun_Project%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span></span>Cordats</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background-color: gold; valign: center; padding: 1px;">Chordata <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10915?uselang=ca#P225" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Chordata.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Chordata.png/300px-Chordata.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Chordata.png/450px-Chordata.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Chordata.png/600px-Chordata.png 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><br /> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10915?uselang=ca#P18" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;color: #202122; background-color: gold">Període</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: start;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Cambri%C3%A0_inferior" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambrià inferior">Cambrià inferior</a> - <a href="/wiki/Holoc%C3%A8" title="Holocè">recent</a><sup id="cite_ref-RefPD_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RefPD-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;color: #202122; background-color: gold">Taxonomia</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: start;"></td></tr><tr><td style="color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: start;">Superregne</td><td style="font-style:normal  ;"><a href="/wiki/Holozous" title="Holozous">Holozoa</a></td></tr><tr><td style="color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: start;">Regne</td><td style="font-style:normal  ;"><a href="/wiki/Animals" title="Animals">Animalia</a></td></tr><tr><td style="color: #202122; background-color: #eeeeee; text-align: start;">Fílum</td><td style="font-style:normal  ;"><b>Chordata <span class="penicon" data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10915?uselang=ca#P225" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-style:normal; font-size: smaller;"><a href="/wiki/William_Bateson" title="William Bateson"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">William Bateson</span></a>, 1885</span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: start;"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;color: #202122; background-color: gold">Subembrancaments i classes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align: start;"> <ul><li><b>Subembrancament <a href="/wiki/Cephalochordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalochordata">Cephalochordata</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leptocardii" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptocardii">Leptocardii</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Subembrancament <a href="/wiki/Tunicata" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunicata">Tunicata</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appendicularia" class="mw-redirect" title="Appendicularia">Appendicularia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asc%C3%ADdia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascídia">Ascidiacea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaliacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Thaliacea">Thaliacea</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Subembrancament <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibia">Amphibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aves" class="mw-redirect" title="Aves">Aves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chondrichthyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chondrichthyes">Chondrichthyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperoartia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperoartia">Hyperoartia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammalia">Mammalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myxini" class="mw-redirect" title="Myxini">Myxini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptilia">Reptilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarcopterygii" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcopterygii">Sarcopterygii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synapsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a></li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Els <b>cordats</b> (Chordata) són un <a href="/wiki/Embrancament" class="mw-redirect" title="Embrancament">embrancament</a> d'<a href="/wiki/Animals" title="Animals">animals</a> que inclou els <a href="/wiki/Vertebrats" title="Vertebrats">vertebrats</a>, juntament amb una sèrie d'<a href="/wiki/Invertebrats" title="Invertebrats">invertebrats</a> estretament relacionats.<sup id="cite_ref-Enciclopèdia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enciclopèdia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es caracteritzen pel fet que, en algun moment del seu cicle vital, tenen un <a href="/wiki/Notocordi" title="Notocordi">notocordi</a> o corda dorsal,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> un tub neural buit situat en posició dorsal, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenedura_far%C3%ADngia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenedura faríngia (encara no existeix)">fenedures faríngies</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Endostil" title="Endostil">endostil</a> i una <a href="/wiki/Cua_(anatomia)" title="Cua (anatomia)">cua</a> postanal.<sup id="cite_ref-bertrandyescriva_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bertrandyescriva-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDíazSantos1998181_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDíazSantos1998181-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Es coneixen quasi 65.000 <a href="/wiki/Especie" class="mw-redirect" title="Especie">especies</a> actuals (són el tercer embrancament animal més nombrós, després dels <a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">artròpodes</a> i dels <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" class="mw-redirect" title="Mollusca">mol·luscs</a>), la majoria pertanyents als subembrancament dels <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrata">vertebrats</a>, dels que quasi la meitat són <a href="/wiki/Peixos" title="Peixos">peixos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cha_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cha-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>L'embrancament dels cordats se subdivideix en tres <a href="/wiki/Subembrancament" title="Subembrancament">subembrancaments</a>: els <a href="/wiki/Tunicat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunicat">tunicats</a>; els <a href="/wiki/Cefalocordats" title="Cefalocordats">cefalocordats</a>, representats per les <a href="/wiki/Cefalocordat" class="mw-redirect" title="Cefalocordat">llancetes</a>; i els <a href="/wiki/Craniat" class="mw-redirect" title="Craniat">craniats</a>, que inclou els <a href="/wiki/Vertebrats" title="Vertebrats">vertebrats</a>. Les <a href="/wiki/Larva" title="Larva">larves</a> dels tunicats tenen un notocordi, però desapareixen a la fase adulta. Els cefalocordats tenen un notocordi i un tub neural dorsal però manquen de <a href="/wiki/Cervell" title="Cervell">cervell</a> i d'òrgans sensorials especialitzats, i tenen un <a href="/wiki/Aparell_circulatori" class="mw-redirect" title="Aparell circulatori">aparell circulatori</a> molt senzill. Els craniats són l'únic embrancament del qual els membres tenen <a href="/wiki/Crani" title="Crani">crani</a>. En tots els craniats, tret dels <a href="/wiki/Mixino%C3%AFdeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixinoïdeu">mixinoïdeus</a>, la corda nerviosa dorsal buida ha estat envoltada amb <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A8rtebres" class="mw-redirect" title="Vèrtebres">vèrtebres</a> <a href="/wiki/Teixit_cartilagin%C3%B3s" title="Teixit cartilaginós">cartilaginoses</a> o <a href="/wiki/Os" title="Os">òssies</a> i el notocordi ha estat generalment reduït; per tant, els mixinoïdeus no són considerats vertebrats. Els cordats i tres embrancaments germans, els <a href="/wiki/Hemicordats" title="Hemicordats">hemicordats</a>, els <a href="/wiki/Equinoderms" title="Equinoderms">equinoderms</a> i els <a href="/wiki/Xenoturb%C3%A8l%C2%B7lid" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenoturbèl·lid">xenoturbèl·lids</a>, formen el grup dels <a href="/wiki/Deuter%C3%B2stoms" title="Deuteròstoms">deuteròstoms</a>, un dels dos <a href="/wiki/Superembrancament" class="mw-redirect" title="Superembrancament">superembrancaments</a> que engloben tots els animals d'una certa complexitat. </p><p>En els cordats destaca la capacitat d'autorregulació i organització interna, l'elevació i manteniment constant de la <a href="/wiki/Temperatura" title="Temperatura">temperatura</a> del cos, tot i que aquesta és una qualitat que no es dona en tots ells, només en <a href="/wiki/Ocell" class="mw-redirect" title="Ocell">aus</a> i <a href="/wiki/Mam%C3%ADfers" title="Mamífers">mamífers</a>. Aquests i altres factors han afegit complexitat a aquest grup d'animals, permetent un major control sobre les <a href="/wiki/Metabolisme" title="Metabolisme">reaccions metabòliques</a> i el desenvolupament d'un <a href="/wiki/Sistema_nervi%C3%B3s" title="Sistema nerviós">sistema nerviós</a> complex. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Característiques"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADstiques"></span>Característiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordats&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Característiques"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg/400px-BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg/600px-BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg/800px-BranchiostomaLanceolatum_PioM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2165" data-file-height="704" /></a><figcaption>Esquema d'un cefalocordat. 1: globus pseudocerebral - 2: <a href="/wiki/Notocordi" title="Notocordi">notocordi</a> - 3: corda nerviosa dorsal - 4: cua post-anal - 5: <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a> - 6: <a href="/wiki/Tub_digestiu" title="Tub digestiu">tub digestiu</a> - 7: <a href="/wiki/Sistema_circulatori" title="Sistema circulatori">sistema circulatori</a> - 8: porus abdominals - 9: cavitat superfaríngea - 10: solcs branquials - 11: <a href="/wiki/Faringe" title="Faringe">faringe</a> - 12: cavitat bucal - 13: mimosa - 14: obertura bucal - 15: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B2nades" class="mw-redirect" title="Gònades">gònades</a> (ovaris/testicles) - 16: sensor de llum - 17: nervis - 18: plec abdominal - 19: sac hepàtic</figcaption></figure> <p>Els cordats formen un <a href="/wiki/Embrancament" class="mw-redirect" title="Embrancament">embrancament</a>, un grup d'animals amb un <a href="/wiki/Pla_corporal" title="Pla corporal">pla corporal</a> comú,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> que es distingeixen perquè en algun moment de la seva vida presenten totes les característiques següents:<sup id="cite_ref-RychelSmithShimamotoSwalla2006_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RychelSmithShimamotoSwalla2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>un <a href="/wiki/Notocordi" title="Notocordi">notocordi</a>, és a dir, una barra de <a href="/wiki/Teixit_cartilagin%C3%B3s" title="Teixit cartilaginós">teixit cartilaginós</a> bastant rígida que s'estén al llarg de la part interior del cos. Dins el subgrup dels <a href="/wiki/Vertebrats" title="Vertebrats">vertebrats</a>, el notocordi es desenvolupa en la <a href="/wiki/Columna_vertebral" title="Columna vertebral">columna vertebral</a>, i en les espècies completament aquàtiques ajuda els animals a nedar flexionant la cua.</li> <li>un <a href="/wiki/Tub_neural" title="Tub neural">tub neural</a> dorsal. En els <a href="/wiki/Peixos" title="Peixos">peixos</a> i la resta de vertebrats, es converteix en la <a href="/wiki/Medul%C2%B7la_espinal" title="Medul·la espinal">medul·la espinal</a>, la via de comunicació principal del <a href="/wiki/Sistema_nervi%C3%B3s" title="Sistema nerviós">sistema nerviós</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenedura_far%C3%ADngia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenedura faríngia (encara no existeix)">fenedures faríngies</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Faringe" title="Faringe">faringe</a> és la part de la <a href="/wiki/Gola_(anatomia)" title="Gola (anatomia)">gola</a> que està situada immediatament darrere la <a href="/wiki/Boca" title="Boca">boca</a>. En els peixos, les fenedures estan modificades per formar <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A0nquia" title="Brànquia">brànquies</a>, però en alguns cordats formen part d'un sistema d'<a href="/wiki/Alimentaci%C3%B3_per_filtratge" class="mw-redirect" title="Alimentació per filtratge">alimentació per filtratge</a> que extreu partícules d'<a href="/wiki/Aliment" title="Aliment">aliment</a> de l'aigua en què viuen els animals.</li> <li>una cua <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BAscul" title="Múscul">muscular</a> que s'estén cap enrere, des de darrere l'<a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a>.</li> <li>un <a href="/wiki/Endostil" title="Endostil">endostil</a>. Es tracta d'un solc situat a la paret ventral de la faringe. En les espècies que s'alimenten per filtratge, produeix <a href="/wiki/Mucositat" title="Mucositat">mucositat</a> per atrapar partícules de menjar, contribuint a transportar-les a l'<a href="/wiki/Es%C3%B2fag" title="Esòfag">esòfag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert2005_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> També emmagatzema <a href="/wiki/Iode" title="Iode">iode</a>, i podria ser el precursor de la <a href="/wiki/Gl%C3%A0ndula" title="Glàndula">glàndula</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiroide" title="Tiroide">tiroide</a> dels vertebrats.<sup id="cite_ref-RychelSmithShimamotoSwalla2006_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RychelSmithShimamotoSwalla2006-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diversitat">Diversitat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordats&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Diversitat"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Branchiostoma_lanceolatum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Branchiostoma_lanceolatum.jpg/220px-Branchiostoma_lanceolatum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Branchiostoma_lanceolatum.jpg/330px-Branchiostoma_lanceolatum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Branchiostoma_lanceolatum.jpg/440px-Branchiostoma_lanceolatum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="811" /></a><figcaption>Cefalocordats: una <a href="/wiki/Cefalocordat" class="mw-redirect" title="Cefalocordat">llanceta</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Existeixen tres grans grups de cordats (vegeu també l'apartat taxonomia): </p> <ul><li><b>Cefalocordats</b></li></ul> <dl><dd>Els <a href="/wiki/Cefalocordats" title="Cefalocordats">cefalocordats</a> són animals petits, vagament pisciformes, que manquen de cervell, de cap clarament definit i d'òrgans sensorials especialitzats.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquests animals excavadors que s'alimenten per filtratge podrien ser o bé els parents vivents més propers dels craniats, o bé els membres supervivents d'un grup del qual haurien evolucionat tots els altres cordats.<sup id="cite_ref-Gee2008AmphioxusUnleashed_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gee2008AmphioxusUnleashed-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Tunicats</b></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:BU_Bio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/BU_Bio.jpg/220px-BU_Bio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/BU_Bio.jpg/330px-BU_Bio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/BU_Bio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="432" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption>Tunicats: ascidis</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Salp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Salp.jpg/220px-Salp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Salp.jpg/330px-Salp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Salp.jpg/440px-Salp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Tunicats: colònia flotant de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A0lpid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sàlpid">sàlpids</a> </figcaption></figure> <dl><dd>La majoria de <a href="/wiki/Tunicat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tunicat">tunicats</a> apareixen en dues formes a la fase adulta; les dues formes són bosses de gelatina que manquen de les característiques dels cordats: els <a href="/wiki/Ascidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascidi">ascidis</a> són sèssils i són bàsicament bombes d'aigua i mecanismes d'alimentació per filtratge;<sup id="cite_ref-Benton2002VertebratePalaeontologyP5_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benton2002VertebratePalaeontologyP5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> els <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A0lpid" class="mw-redirect" title="Sàlpid">sàlpids</a> floten a l'aigua, alimentant-se de <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A0ncton" title="Plàncton">plàncton</a>, i tenen un cicle bigeneracional en què una generació és solitària i l'altra forma <a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B2nia_(biologia)" title="Colònia (biologia)">colònies</a> en forma de cadena.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tanmateix, totes les <a href="/wiki/Larves" class="mw-redirect" title="Larves">larves</a> de tunicats tenen les característiques estàndard dels cordats, incloent-hi llargues cues similars a les dels <a href="/wiki/Capgr%C3%B2s" title="Capgròs">capgrossos</a>; també tenen un cervell rudimentari, sensors lumínics i sensors d'inclinació.<sup id="cite_ref-Benton2002VertebratePalaeontologyP5_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benton2002VertebratePalaeontologyP5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El tercer grup principal de tunicats, els <a href="/wiki/Apendiculari" class="mw-redirect" title="Apendiculari">apendicularis</a> (també conegut com a larvàcies) mantenen una forma similar a un capgròs i la capacitat de nedar durant tota la vida, i durant molt de temps es cregué que eren larves d'ascidis o sàlpids.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Degut a la llarga cua de les seves larves, els tunicats també són anomenats <a href="/wiki/Urocordats" class="mw-redirect" title="Urocordats">urocordats</a> ('cordats de cua').<sup id="cite_ref-Benton2002VertebratePalaeontologyP5_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benton2002VertebratePalaeontologyP5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <ul><li><b>Craniats/Vertebrats</b></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Pacific_hagfish_Myxine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/12/Pacific_hagfish_Myxine.jpg" decoding="async" width="199" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="149" /></a><figcaption>Craniats: un <a href="/wiki/Mixino%C3%AFdeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixinoïdeu">mixinoïdeu</a> </figcaption></figure> <dl><dd>Els <a href="/wiki/Craniat" class="mw-redirect" title="Craniat">craniats</a> tenen un <a href="/wiki/Crani" title="Crani">crani</a> distint. <a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Benton" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael J. Benton">Michael J. Benton</a> comenta que «els craniats es caracteritzen pel seu cap de la mateixa manera que els cordats, o possiblement tots els <a href="/wiki/Deuter%C3%B2stoms" title="Deuteròstoms">deuteròstoms</a>, es caracteritzen per la seva cua».<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La majoria són <a href="/wiki/Vertebrats" title="Vertebrats">vertebrats</a>, en què el <a href="/wiki/Notocordi" title="Notocordi">notocordi</a> és substituït per la <a href="/wiki/Columna_vertebral" title="Columna vertebral">columna vertebral</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UCMPMorphologyOfVertebrates_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UCMPMorphologyOfVertebrates-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquesta consisteix en una sèrie de <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A8rtebres" class="mw-redirect" title="Vèrtebres">vèrtebres</a> <a href="/wiki/Cilindre" title="Cilindre">cilíndriques</a> òssies o cartilaginoses, generalment amb <a href="/wiki/Arc_neural" class="mw-redirect" title="Arc neural">arcs neurals</a> que protegeixen la <a href="/wiki/Medul%C2%B7la_espinal" title="Medul·la espinal">medul·la espinal</a>, i amb projeccions que uneixen les vèrtebres. Els <a href="/wiki/Mixino%C3%AFdeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixinoïdeu">mixinoïdeus</a> tenen un <a href="/wiki/Neurocrani" title="Neurocrani">neurocrani</a> incomplet i manquen de vèrtebres, de manera que no se'ls considera vertebrats,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sinó com a membres dels craniats, el grup del qual es pensà que <a href="/wiki/Evolucio" class="mw-redirect" title="Evolucio">evolucionaren</a> els vertebrats.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La posició de les <a href="/wiki/Llamprea" class="mw-redirect" title="Llamprea">llampres</a> és ambigua. Tenen un neurocrani complet i vèrtebres rudimentàries, de manera que se les pot considerar vertebrats i <a href="/wiki/Peixos" title="Peixos">peixos</a> autèntics.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tanmateix, la <a href="/wiki/Filog%C3%A8nia_molecular" title="Filogènia molecular">filogènia molecular</a>, que utilitza trets <a href="/wiki/Bioqu%C3%ADmic" class="mw-redirect" title="Bioquímic">bioquímics</a> per classificar els organismes, ha donat resultats que les agrupen amb els vertebrats i altres que les agrupen amb els mixinoïdeus.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orígens"><span id="Or.C3.ADgens"></span>Orígens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordats&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Orígens"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La majoria d'animals més complexos que les <a href="/wiki/Medusa" title="Medusa">meduses</a> i altres <a href="/wiki/Cnidaris" title="Cnidaris">cnidaris</a> es divideixen en dos grups, els <a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%B2stom" class="mw-redirect" title="Protòstom">protòstoms</a> i els <a href="/wiki/Deuter%C3%B2stoms" title="Deuteròstoms">deuteròstoms</a>, i els cordats són deuteròstoms.<sup id="cite_ref-Erwin20002_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erwin20002-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sembla molt probable que <i><a href="/wiki/Kimberella" title="Kimberella">Kimberella</a></i>, de fa 555 milions d'anys, fou un protòstom.<sup id="cite_ref-Fedonkin2007_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fedonkin2007-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Butterfield2006_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butterfield2006-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Si fos cert, això implicaria que els llinatges dels protòstoms i els deuteròstoms se separaren un temps abans que aparegués <i>Kimberella</i> – fa com a mínim 558 milions d'anys, és a dir, molt abans que comencés el <a href="/wiki/Cambri%C3%A0" title="Cambrià">Cambrià</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Erwin20002_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Erwin20002-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B2ssil" title="Fòssil">fòssil</a> <a href="/wiki/Ediacari%C3%A0" title="Ediacarià">ediacarià</a> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernettia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernettia (encara no existeix)">Ernettia</a></i>, de fa 549-543 milions d'anys, podria ser un animal deuteròstom.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Haikouichthys4.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Haikouichthys4.png/220px-Haikouichthys4.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="66" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Haikouichthys4.png/330px-Haikouichthys4.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Haikouichthys4.png/440px-Haikouichthys4.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Haikouichthys" class="mw-redirect" title="Haikouichthys">Haikouichthys</a></i>, de la <a href="/wiki/Xina" title="Xina">Xina</a> de fa uns 518 milions d'anys, podria ser el peix més antic conegut fins ara.<sup id="cite_ref-ShuConwayMorrisHan2003Haikouichthys_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShuConwayMorrisHan2003Haikouichthys-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Els fòssils d'un gran grup de deuteròstoms, els <a href="/wiki/Equinoderms" title="Equinoderms">equinoderms</a> (que avui en dia inclouen les <a href="/wiki/Estrelles_de_mar" title="Estrelles de mar">estrelles de mar</a>, els <a href="/wiki/Eri%C3%A7ons_de_mar" title="Eriçons de mar">eriçons de mar</a> i els <a href="/wiki/Crino%C3%AFdeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Crinoïdeu">crinoïdeus</a>) ja eren bastant comuns a principis del període <a href="/wiki/Cambri%C3%A0" title="Cambrià">Cambrià</a>, fa uns 542 milions d'anys.<sup id="cite_ref-Bengtson2004_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bengtson2004-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un fòssil del <a href="/wiki/Cambri%C3%A0_mitj%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambrià mitjà">Cambrià mitjà</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhabdotubus_johanssoni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhabdotubus johanssoni (encara no existeix)">Rhabdotubus johanssoni</a></i>, ha estat interpretat com a <a href="/wiki/Hemicordat" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemicordat">hemicordat</a> <a href="/wiki/Pterobranquis" title="Pterobranquis">pterobranqui</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les opinions difereixen sobre si <i><a href="/wiki/Yunnanozoon" title="Yunnanozoon">Yunnanozoon</a>,</i> un fòssil de la <a href="/wiki/Fauna_de_Chengjiang" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna de Chengjiang">fauna de Chengjiang</a> del Cambrià inferior, era un hemicordat o un cordat.<sup id="cite_ref-ChenHangLi1996_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChenHangLi1996-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ChenHangLi1999_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChenHangLi1999-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un altre fòssil provinent de Chenjiang, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haikouella_lanceolata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haikouella lanceolata (encara no existeix)">Haikouella lanceolata</a></i>, ha estat interpretat com un cordat i possiblement un craniat, car presenta signes de tenir <a href="/wiki/Cor" title="Cor">cor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Art%C3%A8ries" class="mw-redirect" title="Artèries">artèries</a>, filaments branquials, una <a href="/wiki/Cua_(anatomia)" title="Cua (anatomia)">cua</a>, una medul·la espinal amb un cervell a l'extrem anterior, i possiblement ulls, tot i que també presentava petits tentacles al voltant de la boca.<sup id="cite_ref-ChenHangLi1999_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChenHangLi1999-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Haikouichthys" class="mw-redirect" title="Haikouichthys">Haikouichthys</a></i> i <i><a href="/wiki/Myllokunmingia" class="mw-redirect" title="Myllokunmingia">Myllokunmingia</a></i>, també de la fauna de Chengjiang, són considerats <a href="/wiki/Peixos" title="Peixos">peixos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ShuConwayMorrisHan2003Haikouichthys_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ShuConwayMorrisHan2003Haikouichthys-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Pikaia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pikaia">Pikaia</a></i>, descobert molt abans però provinent dels <a href="/wiki/Esquists_de_Burgess" title="Esquists de Burgess">esquists de Burgess</a> (Cambrià mitjà) també és considerat un cordat primitiu.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D'altra banda, els fòssils dels primers cordats són extremament rars, car els cordats no vertebrats no tenen ni ossos ni dents, i només se n'ha trobat un en tota la resta del Cambrià.<sup id="cite_ref-ConwayMorris2008Metaspriggina_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConwayMorris2008Metaspriggina-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arbre genealògic dels cordats.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert2005_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Perseke2007_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perseke2007-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-size:90%;line-height:85%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordata">Chordata</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cephalochordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalochordata">Cephalochordata</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Leptocardii" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptocardii">Leptocardii</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Urochordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Urochordata">Urochordata</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Appendicularia" class="mw-redirect" title="Appendicularia">Appendicularia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Ascidiacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascidiacea">Ascidiacea</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sorberacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorberacea">Sorberacea</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Thaliacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Thaliacea">Thaliacea</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">incertae sedis</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Agnatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnatha">Agnatha</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Anaspida" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaspida">Anaspida</a> † </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Cephalaspidomorphi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalaspidomorphi">Cephalaspidomorphi</a> † </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Conodonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Conodonta">Conodonta</a> † </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Hyperoartia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperoartia">Hyperoartia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Myxini" class="mw-redirect" title="Myxini">Myxini</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pteraspidomorphi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteraspidomorphi">Pteraspidomorphi</a> † </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Thelodonti" class="mw-redirect" title="Thelodonti">Thelodonti</a> † </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gnathostomata" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnathostomata">Gnathostomata</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">incertae sedis</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Acanthodii" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthodii">Acanthodii</a> † </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Chondrichthyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chondrichthyes">Chondrichthyes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Placodermi" class="mw-redirect" title="Placodermi">Placodermi</a> † </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Osteichthyes">Osteichthyes</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sarcopterygii" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcopterygii">Sarcopterygii</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tetrapoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapoda">Tetrapoda</a></span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em; border-bottom:1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Amphibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibia">Amphibia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Aves" class="mw-redirect" title="Aves">Aves</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Mammalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammalia">Mammalia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Reptilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptilia">Reptilia</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom:1px solid black;padding:0 0.2em;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"> <p><a href="/wiki/Synapsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" style="border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Les <a href="/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3" title="Evolució">relacions evolutives</a> entre els grups de cordats i entre els cordats en general i els seus parents deuteròstoms més propers han estat debatudes des finals del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>. Estudis basats en dades <a href="/wiki/Anatomia" title="Anatomia">anatòmiques</a>, <a href="/wiki/Embriologia" title="Embriologia">embriològiques</a> i <a href="/wiki/Paleontologia" title="Paleontologia">paleontològiques</a> han produït diferents "arbres genealògics". Alguns traçaven una relació estreta entre els cordats i els hemicordats, però actualment aquesta idea és rebutjada.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert2005_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La combinació d'aquestes anàlisis amb dades d'un petit conjunt de <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">gens</a> d'<a href="/wiki/ARN" class="mw-redirect" title="ARN">ARN</a> <a href="/wiki/Ribosoma" title="Ribosoma">ribosòmic</a> eliminà algunes de les idees més antigues, però plantejà la possibilitat que els tunicats (urocordats) siguin "deuteròstoms <a href="/wiki/Basal_(filog%C3%A8nia)" title="Basal (filogènia)">basals</a>", és a dir, membres supervivents del grup a partir del qual evolucionaren els <a href="/wiki/Equinoderms" title="Equinoderms">equinoderms</a>, els <a href="/wiki/Hemicordats" title="Hemicordats">hemicordats</a> i els cordats.<sup id="cite_ref-WinchellSullivanCameronSwallaMallatt2002_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WinchellSullivanCameronSwallaMallatt2002-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La majoria d'<a href="/wiki/Investigaci%C3%B3" title="Investigació">investigadors</a> estan d'acord que, dins els cordats, els craniats estan emparentats més pròximament amb els cefalocordats, però hi ha motius per considerar els tunicats com els parents més propers dels craniats.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruppert2005_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruppert2005-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BlairHedges2005_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlairHedges2005-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un altre embrancament, el dels <a href="/wiki/Xenoturb%C3%A8l%C2%B7lid" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenoturbèl·lid">xenoturbèl·lids</a>, sembla basal dins dels deuteròstoms, és a dir, més proper als deuteròstoms originals que els cordats, equinoderms i hemicordats.<sup id="cite_ref-Perseke2007_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perseke2007-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Com que els cordats han deixat un <a href="/wiki/Registre_f%C3%B2ssil" title="Registre fòssil">registre fòssil</a> pobre, s'han fet intents de calcular les dates clau de la seva <a href="/wiki/Evoluci%C3%B3" title="Evolució">evolució</a> per mitjà de tècniques de <a href="/wiki/Filog%C3%A8nia_molecular" title="Filogènia molecular">filogènia molecular</a>, és a dir, analitzant les diferències <a href="/wiki/Bioqu%C3%ADmica" title="Bioquímica">bioquímiques</a>, principalment en l'ARN. Un d'aquests estudis suggerí que els deuteròstoms aparegueren fa més de 900 milions d'anys, i els primers cordats fa uns 896 milions d'anys<sup id="cite_ref-BlairHedges2005_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlairHedges2005-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tanmateix, les estimacions moleculars de les dates solen contradir-se entre elles i amb el registre fòssil,<sup id="cite_ref-BlairHedges2005_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlairHedges2005-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i la seva assumpció que el <a href="/wiki/Rellotge_molecular" title="Rellotge molecular">rellotge molecular</a> funciona a una velocitat constant ha estat qüestionada.<sup id="cite_ref-Ayala1999MolClockMirages_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ayala1999MolClockMirages-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SchwartzMaresca20006DoMolClocksRun_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SchwartzMaresca20006DoMolClocksRun-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomia">Taxonomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordats&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Taxonomia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>El diagrama següent prové de la tercera edició de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vertebrate_Palaeontology_(Benton)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vertebrate Palaeontology (Benton) (encara no existeix)">Vertebrate Palaeontology</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Les classes de cordats invertebrats provenen de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fishes_of_the_World&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fishes of the World (encara no existeix)">Fishes of the World</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tot i que està estructurada de manera que reflecteixi les relacions evolutives (més o menys com un <a href="/wiki/Clad%C3%ADstica" title="Cladística">cladograma</a>), també conserva les <a href="/wiki/Categoria_taxon%C3%B2mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Categoria taxonòmica">categories</a> tradicionals de la <a href="/wiki/Taxonomia_linneana" title="Taxonomia linneana">taxonomia linneana</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Sea-tulip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sea-tulip.jpg/220px-Sea-tulip.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sea-tulip.jpg/330px-Sea-tulip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Sea-tulip.jpg/440px-Sea-tulip.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1236" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption>Els <a href="/wiki/Craniats" title="Craniats">craniats</a> són els parents més propers dels <a href="/wiki/Tunicats" title="Tunicats">tunicats</a> (aquí, una <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tulipa_de_mar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tulipa de mar (encara no existeix)">tulipa de mar</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16495997_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16495997-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid19003928_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19003928-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid19922605_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19922605-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Embrancament Chordata</b> <ul><li>Subembrancament <a href="/wiki/Cephalochordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalochordata">Cephalochordata</a> (Acraniata) — (30 espècies) <ul><li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Leptocardii" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptocardii">Leptocardii</a></li></ul></li> <li>Subembrancament <a href="/wiki/Tunicats" title="Tunicats">Tunicata</a> (tunicats; 3.000 espècies) <ul><li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Appendicularia" class="mw-redirect" title="Appendicularia">Appendicularia</a></li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Ascidiacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascidiacea">Ascidiacea</a></li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Thaliacea" class="mw-redirect" title="Thaliacea">Thaliacea</a></li></ul></li> <li>Subembrancament <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a> (<a href="/wiki/Craniata" class="mw-redirect" title="Craniata">Craniata</a>) (vertebrats — animals amb columna vertebral; 57.674 espècies) <ul><li>Infraembrancament <a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">incertae sedis</a> <ul><li>Superclasse <a href="/wiki/Agnatha" class="mw-redirect" title="Agnatha">Agnatha</a> <a href="/wiki/Parafiletisme" title="Parafiletisme">parafilètica</a> (vertebrats sense mandíbula; >100 espècies) <ul><li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Anaspida" class="mw-redirect" title="Anaspida">Anaspida</a> †</li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Cephalaspidomorphi" class="mw-redirect" title="Cephalaspidomorphi">Cephalaspidomorphi</a> †</li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Conodonta" class="mw-redirect" title="Conodonta">Conodonta</a> †</li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Hyperoartia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyperoartia">Hyperoartia</a> (lamprees)</li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Myxini" class="mw-redirect" title="Myxini">Myxini</a> (65 espècies)</li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Pteraspidomorphi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pteraspidomorphi">Pteraspidomorphi</a> † (peixos sense mandíbula del <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a>)</li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Thelodonti" class="mw-redirect" title="Thelodonti">Thelodonti</a> † (peixos sense mandíbula del Paleozoic)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Infraembrancament <a href="/wiki/Gnathostomata" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnathostomata">Gnathostomata</a> (vertebrats amb mandíbula) <ul><li>Superclasse <a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">incertae sedis</a> <ul><li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Acanthodii" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthodii">Acanthodii</a> † ("taurons espinosos" del Paleozoic)</li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Chondrichthyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chondrichthyes">Chondrichthyes</a> (peixos cartilaginosos; >900 espècies)</li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Placodermi" class="mw-redirect" title="Placodermi">Placodermi</a> † (formes cuirassades del Paleozoic)</li></ul></li> <li>Superclasse <a href="/wiki/Osteichthyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Osteichthyes">Osteichthyes</a> (peixos ossis; >30.000 espècies) <ul><li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Actinopterygii" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinopterygii">Actinopterygii</a> (peixos d'aletes radiades; aproximadament 30.000 espècies)</li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Sarcopterygii" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcopterygii">Sarcopterygii</a> (peixos d'aletes lobulades: 8 espècies)</li></ul></li> <li>Superclasse <a href="/wiki/Tetrapoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapoda">Tetrapoda</a> (vertebrats de quatre potes; >28.000 espècies) <ul><li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Amphibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibia">Amphibia</a> (amfibis; 6.000 espècies)</li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Aves" class="mw-redirect" title="Aves">Aves</a> (ocells; 10.000-12.000 espècies)</li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Mammalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammalia">Mammalia</a> (mamífers; >5.700 espècies)</li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Reptilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Reptilia">Reptilia</a> (rèptils; >9.000 espècies)</li> <li>Classe <a href="/wiki/Synapsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a> (sinàpsids; >4.000 espècies)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordats&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RefPD-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-RefPD_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Entrada «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paleobiodb.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=checkTaxonInfo&taxon_no=273393">Chordata</a>» de la <a href="/wiki/Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a> (en anglès). [Consulta: 20 desembre 2022].</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Enciclopèdia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Enciclopèdia_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/0094034.xml">Cordats</a>». <i><a href="/wiki/Gran_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" title="Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana">Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana</a></i>.  Barcelona:  <a href="/wiki/Grup_Enciclop%C3%A8dia_Catalana" class="mw-redirect" title="Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana">Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <i>Invertebrados</i>. XXVI. 2a edició.  Madrid: McGraw-Hill-Interamericana, 2005, p. 1005.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Invertebrados&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=2a+edici%C3%B3&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill-Interamericana&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pages=1005"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bertrandyescriva-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bertrandyescriva_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bertrand, S. y Escrivá, H. (2013) «Cordados». En: Vargas, P. y Zardoya, R. (eds.) <i>El árbol de la vida: sistemática y evolución de los seres vivos</i>. Madrid: Rafael Zardoya San Sebastián. Págs. 372-379 <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-615-9740-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-615-9740-6">ISBN 978-84-615-9740-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDíazSantos1998181-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDíazSantos1998181_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDíazSantos1998">Díaz i Santos, 1998</a>, p. 181.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cha-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-cha_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/other/species-numbers/2009/03-exec-summary.html">Chapman, A. D., 2009. <i>Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World</i>, 2nd edition. Australian Biodiversity Information Services ISBN (online) 9780642568618</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFValentine2004"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Valentine</span>, J. W.. <i>On the Origin of Phyla</i> (en anglès).  Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 2004, p. 7. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0226845486" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0226845486">ISBN 0226845486</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Origin+of+Phyla&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=J.+W.&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=University+Of+Chicago+Press&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=7&rft.isbn=0226845486"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span>"<cite>Classifications of organisms in hierarchical systems were in use by the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Usually organisms were grouped according to their morphological similarities as perceived by those early workers, and those groups were then grouped according to <b> their</b> similarities, and so on, to form a hierarchy.</cite>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RychelSmithShimamotoSwalla2006-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RychelSmithShimamotoSwalla2006_8-0">8,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-RychelSmithShimamotoSwalla2006_8-1">8,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Rychel, A. L., Smith, S. E., Shimamoto, H. T. i Swalla, B. J. «Evolution and Development of the Chordates: Collagen and Pharyngeal Cartilage» (en anglès). <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>, 23, 3, 2006, pàg. 541-549. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsj055">10.1093/molbev/msj055</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16280542?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:16280542">16280542</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruppert2005-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ruppert2005_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ruppert2005_9-1">9,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ruppert2005_9-2">9,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ruppert2005_9-3">9,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Ruppert, E. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://article.pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/RPAS/RPViewDoc?_handler_=HandleInitialGet&articleFile=z04-158.pdf&publicació=cjz&volum=83">Key characters uniting hemichordates and chordates: homologies or homoplasies?</a>» (en anglès). <i>Canadian Journal of Zoology</i>, 83, 2005, pàg. 8-23. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1139%2FZ04-158">10.1139/Z04-158</a> [Consulta: 22 setembre 2008].</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>[<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d'enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>]</i></span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Benton, M. J.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?hl=ca&id=PQuKO7xqjNQC&dq=vertebrate&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=sEzOFBiKPq&sig=widuILMby4C27tPyeiv5545LBhw&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA13,M1"><i>Vertebrate Palaeontology: Biology and Evolution</i></a>.  Blackwell Publishing, 2000, p. 6. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0632056142" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0632056142">ISBN 0632056142</a></span> [Consulta: 22 setembre 2008].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vertebrate+Palaeontology%3A+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.au=Benton%2C+M.+J.&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.pages=6&rft.isbn=0632056142&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Dca%26id%3DPQuKO7xqjNQC%26dq%3Dvertebrate%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3DsEzOFBiKPq%26sig%3DwiduILMby4C27tPyeiv5545LBhw%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26resnum%3D3%26ct%3Dresult%23PPA13%2CM1"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gee2008AmphioxusUnleashed-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gee2008AmphioxusUnleashed_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Gee, H. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v453/n7198/full/453999a.html">Evolutionary biology: The amphioxus unleashed</a>». <i>Nature</i>, 453, Juny 2008, pàg. 999-1000. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F453999a">10.1038/453999a</a> [Consulta: 22 setembre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100123224435/http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/branchiostoma.html">Branchiostoma</a>».  Lander University. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webs.lander.edu/rsfox/invertebrates/branchiostoma.html">original</a> el 2010-01-23. [Consulta: 23 setembre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benton2002VertebratePalaeontologyP5-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Benton2002VertebratePalaeontologyP5_13-0">13,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Benton2002VertebratePalaeontologyP5_13-1">13,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Benton2002VertebratePalaeontologyP5_13-2">13,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Benton, M.J.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?hl=ca&id=PQuKO7xqjNQC&dq=vertebrate&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=sEzOFBiKPq&sig=widuILMby4C27tPyeiv5545LBhw&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA13,M1"><i>Vertebrate Palaeontology: Biology and Evolution</i></a>.  Blackwell Publishing, 2000, p. 5. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0632056142" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0632056142">ISBN 0632056142</a></span> [Consulta: 22 setembre 2008].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vertebrate+Palaeontology%3A+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.au=Benton%2C+M.J.&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.pages=5&rft.isbn=0632056142&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Dca%26id%3DPQuKO7xqjNQC%26dq%3Dvertebrate%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3DsEzOFBiKPq%26sig%3DwiduILMby4C27tPyeiv5545LBhw%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26resnum%3D3%26ct%3Dresult%23PPA13%2CM1"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120731070855/http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/blueplanet/factfiles/jellies/salp_bg.shtml">Animal fact files: salp</a>».  <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/blueplanet/factfiles/jellies/salp_bg.shtml">original</a> el 2012-07-31. [Consulta: 22 setembre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/abrs/publications/electronic-books/pubs/tunicates/05-appendicularia.pdf">Appendicularia</a>» (PDF).  Australian Government Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. [Consulta: 28 octubre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Benton, M. J.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.cat/books?hl=ca&id=PQuKO7xqjNQC&dq=vertebrate&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=sEzOFBiKPq&sig=widuILMby4C27tPyeiv5545LBhw&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=3&ct=result#PPA13,M1"><i>Vertebrate Palaeontology: Biology and Evolution</i></a>.  Blackwell Publishing, 2000, p. 13. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0632056142" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0632056142">ISBN 0632056142</a></span> [Consulta: 22 setembre 2008].</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vertebrate+Palaeontology%3A+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.au=Benton%2C+M.+J.&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.pages=13&rft.isbn=0632056142&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Dca%26id%3DPQuKO7xqjNQC%26dq%3Dvertebrate%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26source%3Dweb%26ots%3DsEzOFBiKPq%26sig%3DwiduILMby4C27tPyeiv5545LBhw%26sa%3DX%26oi%3Dbook_result%26resnum%3D3%26ct%3Dresult%23PPA13%2CM1"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UCMPMorphologyOfVertebrates-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-UCMPMorphologyOfVertebrates_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vertebrates/vertmm.html">Morphology of the Vertebrates</a>».  University of California Museum of Paleontology. [Consulta: 23 setembre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vertebrates/basalfish/myxini.html">Introduction to the Myxini</a>».  University of California Museum of Paleontology. [Consulta: 28 octubre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_A._Campbell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neil A. Campbell (encara no existeix)">Campbell, N.A.</a> i <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Reece&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jane Reece (encara no existeix)">Reece, J.B.</a>. <i>Biology</i>. 7a ed..  San Francisco, CA: Benjamin Cummings, 2005.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biology&rft.au=%5B%5BNeil+A.+Campbell%7CCampbell%2C+N.A.%5D%5D+i+%5B%5BJane+Reece%7CReece%2C+J.B.%5D%5D&rft.date=2005&rft.edition=7a+ed.&rft.pub=Benjamin+Cummings&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/vertebrates/basalfish/petro.html">Introduction to the Petromyzontiformes</a>».  University of California Museum of Paleontology. [Consulta: 28 octubre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Shigehiro Kuraku, S., Hoshiyama, D., Katoh, K., Suga, H, i Miyata, T. «Monophyly of Lampreys and Hagfishes Supported by Nuclear DNA-Coded Genes». <i>Journal of Molecular Evolution</i>, 49, 6, Desembre 1999, pàg. 729-735. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FPL00006595">10.1007/PL00006595</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Erwin20002-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Erwin20002_22-0">22,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Erwin20002_22-1">22,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Erwin, Douglas H.; Eric H. Davidson «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dev.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/129/13/3021">The last common bilaterian ancestor</a>» (en anglès). <i>Development</i>, 129, 13, 01-07-2002, pàg. 3021-3032. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12070079?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:12070079">12070079</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fedonkin2007-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fedonkin2007_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"> <i>The Rise and Fall of the Ediacaran Biota. New data on <i>Kimberella</i>, the Vendian mollusc-like organism (White sea region, Russia): palaeoecological and evolutionary implications</i>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+and+Fall+of+the+Ediacaran+Biota.+New+data+on+%27%27Kimberella%27%27%2C+the+Vendian+mollusc-like+organism+%28White+sea+region%2C+Russia%29%3A+palaeoecological+and+evolutionary+implications"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Butterfield2006-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Butterfield2006_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Butterfield, N.J. «Hooking some stem-group "worms": fossil lophotrochozoans in the Burgess Shale» (en anglès). <i>Bioessays</i>, 28, 12, 2006, pàg. 1161-6. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fbies.20507">10.1002/bies.20507</a> [Consulta: 21 maig 2007].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Dzik, J. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geology.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/abstract/27/6/519">Organic membranous skeleton of the Precambrian metazoans from Namibia</a>» (en anglès). <i>Geology</i>, 27, 6, Juny 1999, pàg. 519-522. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281999%29027%3C0519%3AOMSOTP%3E2.3.CO%3B2">10.1130/0091-7613(1999)027<0519:OMSOTP>2.3.CO;2</a> [Consulta: 22 setembre 2008].</span> <i>Ernettia</i> és de la formació de Kuibis, la data aproximada és oferta per <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Waggoner, B. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/43/1/104">The Ediacaran Biotas in Space and Time</a>». <i>Integrative and Comparative Biology</i>, 43, 1, 2003, pàg. 104-113. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Ficb%2F43.1.104">10.1093/icb/43.1.104</a> [Consulta: 22-09<2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ShuConwayMorrisHan2003Haikouichthys-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ShuConwayMorrisHan2003Haikouichthys_26-0">26,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ShuConwayMorrisHan2003Haikouichthys_26-1">26,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Shu, D-G., Conway Morris, S., Han, J. <i>et al.</i> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v421/n6922/abs/nature01264.html">Head and backbone of the Early Cambrian vertebrate Haikouichthys</a>» (en anglès). <i>Nature</i>, 421, Gener 2003, pàg. 526-529 [Consulta: 21 setembre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bengtson2004-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Bengtson2004_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Bengtson, S. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosmonova.org/download/18.4e32c81078a8d9249800021554/Bengtson2004ESF.pdf">Neoproterozoic-Cambrian Biological Revolutions</a>» (PDF) (en anglès). <i>Palentological Society Papers</i>. Lipps, J. H.; Waggoner, B. M., 10, 2004, p. 67-78 [Consulta: 18 juliol 2008]. «Early skeletal fossils»</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Bengtson, S.; Urbanek, A. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121216150238/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120025616/abstract"><i>Rhabdotubus</i>, a Middle Cambrian rhabdopleurid hemichordate</a>» (en anglès). <i>Lethaia</i>, 19, 4, Octubre 2007, pàg. 293-308. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120025616/abstract">original</a> el 2012-12-16. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1502-3931.1986.tb00743.x">10.1111/j.1502-3931.1986.tb00743.x</a> [Consulta: 23 setembre 2008].</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121216150238/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/120025616/abstract">Arxivat</a> 2012-12-16 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.is" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChenHangLi1996-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ChenHangLi1996_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Shu, D., Zhang, X.; Chen, L. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v380/n6573/abs/380428a0.html">Reinterpretation of Yunnanozoon as the earliest known hemichordate</a>» (en anglès). <i>Nature</i>, 380, Abril 1996, pàg. 428-430. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F380428a0">10.1038/380428a0</a> [Consulta: 23 setembre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ChenHangLi1999-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ChenHangLi1999_30-0">30,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ChenHangLi1999_30-1">30,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Chen, J-Y., Hang, D-Y. i Li, C.W. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v402/n6761/abs/402518a0.html">An early Cambrian craniate-like chordate</a>» (en anglès). <i>Nature</i>, 402, Desembre 1999, pàg. 518-522. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F990080">10.1038/990080</a> [Consulta: 23 setembre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Shu, D-G., Conway Morris, S.; Zhang, X-L. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226122732/http://www.bios.niu.edu/davis/bios458/Shu1.pdf">Lower Cambrian vertebrates from south China</a>» (PDF) (en anglès). <i>Nature</i>, 402, Novembre 1999, pàg. 42. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bios.niu.edu/davis/bios458/Shu1.pdf">original</a> el 2009-02-26. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F46965">10.1038/46965</a> [Consulta: 23 setembre 2008].</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090226122732/http://www.bios.niu.edu/davis/bios458/Shu1.pdf">Arxivat</a> 2009-02-26 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Shu, D-G., Conway Morris, S.; Zhang, X-L. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v384/n6605/abs/384157a0.html">A <i>Pikaia</i>-like chordate from the Lower Cambrian of China</a>» (en anglès). <i>Nature</i>, 384, Novembre 1996, pàg. 157-158. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F384157a0">10.1038/384157a0</a> [Consulta: 23 setembre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConwayMorris2008Metaspriggina-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ConwayMorris2008Metaspriggina_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFConway_Morris2008"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Conway Morris</span>, S. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jpaleontol.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/extract/82/2/424">A Redescription of a Rare Chordate,<i> Metaspriggina walcotti</i> Simonetta and Insom, from the Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian), British Columbia, Canada</a>» (en anglès). <i>Journal of Paleontology</i>, 82, 2, 2008, p. 424-430. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1666%2F06-130.1">10.1666/06-130.1</a> [Consulta: 28 abril 2009].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perseke2007-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Perseke2007_34-0">34,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Perseke2007_34-1">34,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Perseke M., Hankeln T., Weich B., Fritzsch G., Stadler P. F., Israelsson O., Bernhard D., Schlegel M. (2007) "The mitochondrial DNA of <i>Xenoturbella bocki</i>: genomic architecture and phylogenetic analysis". <i>Theory Biosci</i>. 126(1):35-42. Disponible en línia a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de/Publications/PREPRINTS/07-009.pdf">uni-leipzig.de</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190424154927/http://www.bioinf.uni-leipzig.de/Publications/PREPRINTS/07-009.pdf">Arxivat</a> 2019-04-24 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (en anglès)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WinchellSullivanCameronSwallaMallatt2002-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WinchellSullivanCameronSwallaMallatt2002_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Winchell, C.J., Sullivan, J., Cameron, C.B., Swalla, B.J.; Mallatt, J. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/19/5/762#MBEV-19-05-09-SWALLA1">Evaluating Hypotheses of Deuterostome Phylogeny and Chordate Evolution with New LSU and SSU Ribosomal DNA Data</a>» (en anglès). <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>, 19, 5, 01-05-2002, pàg. 762-776. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11961109?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:11961109">11961109</a> [Consulta: 23 setembre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlairHedges2005-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BlairHedges2005_36-0">36,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BlairHedges2005_36-1">36,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-BlairHedges2005_36-2">36,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Blair, J. E.; S. Blair Hedges, S. B. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mbe.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/22/11/2275">Molecular Phylogeny and Divergence Times of Deuterostome Animals</a>» (en anglès). <i>Molecular Biology and Evolution</i>, 22, 11, 2005, pàg. 2275-2284. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fmolbev%2Fmsi225">10.1093/molbev/msi225</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16049193?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:16049193">16049193</a> [Consulta: 23 setembre 2008].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ayala1999MolClockMirages-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ayala1999MolClockMirages_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Ayala, F. J. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121216135641/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/60000186/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0">Molecular clock mirages</a>» (en anglès). <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=BioEssays&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BioEssays (encara no existeix)">BioEssays</a></i>, 21, 1, 1999, pàg. 71-75. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/60000186/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0">original</a> el 2012-12-16. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291521-1878%28199901%2921%3A1%3C71%3A%3AAID-BIES9%3E3.0.CO%3B2-B">10.1002/(SICI)1521-1878(199901)21:1<71::AID-BIES9>3.0.CO;2-B</a> [Consulta: 22 maig 2009].</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20121216135641/http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/60000186/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0">Arxivat</a> 2012-12-16 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.is" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.is">Archive.is</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SchwartzMaresca20006DoMolClocksRun-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SchwartzMaresca20006DoMolClocksRun_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Schwartz, J. H.; Maresca, B. «Do Molecular Clocks Run at All? A Critique of Molecular Systematics» (en anglès). <i>Biological Theory</i>, 1, 2006, pàg. 357-371. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1162%2Fbiot.2006.1.4.357">10.1162/biot.2006.1.4.357</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Benton, M.J. (2004). <i>Vertebrate Palaeontology</i>, 3a edició. Blackwell Publishing, 472 pàg. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/benton/vertclass.html">El sistema de classificació es pot consultar en línia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081019121413/http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/benton/vertclass.html">Arxivat</a> 2008-10-19 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. (en anglès)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Nelson, J. S.. <i>Fishes of the World</i> (en anglès). 4a edició.  Nova York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc, 2006, p. 601 pàg.. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0-471-25031-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0-471-25031-7">ISBN 0-471-25031-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fishes+of+the+World&rft.au=Nelson%2C+J.+S.&rft.date=2006&rft.edition=4a+edici%C3%B3&rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons%2C+Inc&rft.place=Nova+York&rft.pages=601+p%C3%A0g.&rft.isbn=0-471-25031-7"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid16495997-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid16495997_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Delsuc F., Brinkmann H., Chourrout D.; Philippe H. «Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives of vertebrates» (en anglès). <i>Nature</i>, 439, 7079, 2006, pàg. 965-968. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04336">10.1038/nature04336</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16495997?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:16495997">16495997</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid19003928-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid19003928_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Delsuc F., Tsagkogeorga G., Lartillot N.; Philippe H. «Additional molecular support for the new chordate phylogeny» (en anglès). <i>Genesis</i>, 46, 11, 2008, pàg. 592-604. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fdvg.20450">10.1002/dvg.20450</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19003928?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:19003928">19003928</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid19922605-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid19922605_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Singh T. R., Tsagkogeorga G., Delsuc F., Blanquart S., Shenkar N., Loya Y., Douzery E. J.; Huchon D. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2164/10/534">Tunicate mitogenomics and phylogenetics: peculiarities of the Herdmania momus mitochondrial genome and support for the new chordate phylogeny</a>» (en anglès). <i>BMC Genomics</i>, 10, 2009, pàg. 534. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1471-2164-10-534">10.1186/1471-2164-10-534</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMC</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2785839">2785839</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a>: <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19922605?dopt=Abstract" class="extiw" title="pmid:19922605">19922605</a>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordats&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDíazSantos1998"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Díaz</span>, J.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Santos</span>, T. <i>Zoología: Aproximación evolutiva a la diversidad y organización de los animales</i> (en castellà).  Editorial Síntesis, 1998. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-7738-591-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-7738-591-2">ISBN 84-7738-591-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zoolog%C3%ADa%3A+Aproximaci%C3%B3n+evolutiva+a+la+diversidad+y+organizaci%C3%B3n+de+los+animales&rft.aulast=D%C3%ADaz&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.date=1998&rft.pub=Editorial+S%C3%ADntesis&rft.isbn=84-7738-591-2"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Colbert, E. H.; Morales, M., Minkoff, E. C.. <i>Colbert's Evolution of the Vertebrates: A History of the Backboned Animals Through Time</i> (en anglès). 5a edició.  Wiley-Liss, 2001. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0471384618" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0471384618">ISBN 978-0471384618</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Colbert%27s+Evolution+of+the+Vertebrates%3A+A+History+of+the+Backboned+Animals+Through+Time&rft.au=Colbert%2C+E.+H.&rft.date=2001&rft.edition=5a+edici%C3%B3&rft.pub=Wiley-Liss&rft.isbn=978-0471384618"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKellicott2007"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Kellicott</span>, William E. <i>Outlines Of Chordate Development</i> (en anglès).  Smyth Press, 2007. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1406743234" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1406743234">ISBN 978-1406743234</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Outlines+Of+Chordate+Development&rft.aulast=Kellicott&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft.date=2007&rft.pub=Smyth+Press&rft.isbn=978-1406743234"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Maisey, J.; Maisey, J. G.. <i>Discovering Fossil Fishes</i> (en anglès).  Basic Books, 2000. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0813338071" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0813338071">ISBN 978-0813338071</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Discovering+Fossil+Fishes&rft.au=Maisey%2C+J.&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.isbn=978-0813338071"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cordats&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" style="margin:5px; padding: 5px; border:1px solid #aaaaaa; text-align:left;" class="infobox noprint plainlinks"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%">En altres projectes de <a href="/wiki/Fundaci%C3%B3_Wikimedia" title="Fundació Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/17px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/26px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/34px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Chordata" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Chordata"><b>Commons</b></a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10915?uselang=ca#sitelinks-special" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Viquiespècies"><img alt="Viquiespècies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/17px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/26px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a><figcaption>Viquiespècies</figcaption></figure></td> <td><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Chordata?uselang=ca"><b>Viquiespècies</b></a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10915?uselang=ca#sitelinks-special" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xtec.es/~malos/projecte2/cordats/presentacio.htm">Preguntes sobre els cordats</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.globaltwitcher.com/taxa_class.asp?phylaid=1">Els cordats a GlobalTwitcher.com</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/Chordata/2499">Node dels cordats al web Tree Of Life</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33711417"><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Classificació_dels_animals" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3A4;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Animal" title="Plantilla:Animal"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/36px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></li></ul></div><div id="Classificació_dels_animals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Classificació dels <a href="/wiki/Animals" title="Animals">animals</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D3D3A4;"><a href="/wiki/Parazou" class="mw-redirect" title="Parazou">Parazous</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Por%C3%ADfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Porífer">Porífers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esponja_calc%C3%A0ria" class="mw-redirect" title="Esponja calcària">Esponges calcàries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demospongi" class="mw-redirect" title="Demospongi">Demospongis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hexactin%C3%A8l%C2%B7lid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexactinèl·lid">Hexactinèl·lids</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tricopl%C3%A0cids" title="Tricoplàcids">Placozous</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D3D3A4;"><a href="/wiki/Mesozou" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesozou">Mesozous</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Orton%C3%A8ctid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortonèctid">Ortonèctids</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rombozou" class="mw-redirect" title="Rombozou">Rombozous</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#D3D3A4;"><a href="/wiki/Eumetazou" class="mw-redirect" title="Eumetazou">Eumetazous</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Radiat" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiat">Radiats</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cten%C3%B2fors" title="Ctenòfors">Ctenòfors</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cnidaris" title="Cnidaris">Cnidaris</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antozou" class="mw-redirect" title="Antozou">Antozous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidrozou" class="mw-redirect" title="Hidrozou">Hidrozous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escifozou" class="mw-redirect" title="Escifozou">Escifozous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cubomedusa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubomedusa">Cubomeduses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estaurozou" class="mw-redirect" title="Estaurozou">Estaurozous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixozou" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixozou">Mixozous</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Bilaterals" title="Bilaterals">Bilaterals</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:10em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Prot%C3%B2stom" class="mw-redirect" title="Protòstom">Protòstoms</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Ecdisozou" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecdisozou">Ecdisozous</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Cycloneuralia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycloneuralia">Cycloneuralia</a>: <a href="/wiki/Escalid%C3%B2for" class="mw-redirect" title="Escalidòfor">Escalidòfor</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinorinc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinorinc (encara no existeix)">Cinorincs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loric%C3%ADfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Loricífer">Loricífers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priap%C3%BAlid" class="mw-redirect" title="Priapúlid">Priapúlids</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Nematoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Nematoid">Nematoids</a> (<a href="/wiki/Nematode" class="mw-redirect" title="Nematode">Nematodes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nematomorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Nematomorf">Nematomorfs</a>)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Panartr%C3%B2podes" title="Panartròpodes">Panartròpodes</a>: <a href="/wiki/Onic%C3%B2for" class="mw-redirect" title="Onicòfor">Onicòfor</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tard%C3%ADgrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Tardígrad">Tardígrads</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Artr%C3%B2podes" title="Artròpodes">Artròpodes</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Spiralia" title="Spiralia">Spiralia</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Platizou" class="mw-redirect" title="Platizou">Platizou</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Platihelmint" class="mw-redirect" title="Platihelmint">Platihelmints</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gastr%C3%B2tric" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastròtric">Gastròtrics</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Gnat%C3%ADfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnatífer">Gnatífers</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rot%C3%ADfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotífer">Rotífers</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Acantoc%C3%A8fal" class="mw-redirect" title="Acantocèfal">Acantocèfals</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Gnatostom%C3%BAlid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnatostomúlid">Gnatostomúlids</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Micrognatozou" class="mw-redirect" title="Micrognatozou">Micrognatozous</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cicli%C3%B2for" class="mw-redirect" title="Cicliòfor">Cicliòfors</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Lofotrocozou" class="mw-redirect" title="Lofotrocozou">Lofotrocozou</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Trocozou" class="mw-redirect" title="Trocozou">Trocozous</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sip%C3%BAncul" class="mw-redirect" title="Sipúncul">Sipúnculs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nemert%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemertí">Nemertins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mol%C2%B7lusc" class="mw-redirect" title="Mol·lusc">Mol·luscs</a>, <a href="/wiki/An%C3%A8l%C2%B7lid" class="mw-redirect" title="Anèl·lid">Anèl·lids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equi%C3%BCr" class="mw-redirect" title="Equiür">Equiürs</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Braquiozou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Braquiozou (encara no existeix)">Braquiozous</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lofoforat" class="mw-redirect" title="Lofoforat">Lofoforats</a> (<a href="/wiki/Briozou" class="mw-redirect" title="Briozou">Briozous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Entoprocte" class="mw-redirect" title="Entoprocte">Entoproctes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foronidis" title="Foronidis">Foronidis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braqui%C3%B2pode" class="mw-redirect" title="Braquiòpode">Braquiòpodes</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:10em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Deuter%C3%B2stoms" title="Deuteròstoms">Deuteròstoms</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a href="/wiki/Ambulacrari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambulacrari">Ambulacraris</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hemicordats" title="Hemicordats">Hemicordats</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Equinoderms" title="Equinoderms">Equinoderms</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Xenoturb%C3%A8l%C2%B7lid" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenoturbèl·lid">Xenoturbèl·lids</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cordats</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Craniat" class="mw-redirect" title="Craniat">Craniats</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vertebrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrat">Vertebrats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixino%C3%AFdeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixinoïdeu">Mixinoïdeus</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cefalocordats" title="Cefalocordats">Cefalocordats</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tunicats" title="Tunicats">Tunicats</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;width:10em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.75em;">Basal/disputat</div></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;width:auto;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Acelomorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Acelomorf">Acelomorfs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acoela" class="mw-redirect" title="Acoela">Acoela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nemertodermatida" class="mw-redirect" title="Nemertodermatida">Nemertodermatida</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Quet%C3%B2gnats" title="Quetògnats">Quetògnats</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Bases_de_dades_taxonòmiques" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Bases_de_dades_taxonòmiques" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bases de dades taxonòmiques</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Chordata/">ADW</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxid=18">BOLD</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id14966">BioLib</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/CH2">COL</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dyntaxa.se/taxon/info/5000034">Dyntaxa</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eol.org/pages/694">EOL</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=11996">FE</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=273393">FW</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gbif.org/species/44">GBIF</a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inaturalist.org/taxa/2">IN</a></span> <span 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