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The selected group of police officers was drawn" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://independent.academia.edu/MelissaGraves9" /> <meta name="description" content="This article estimates situational awareness in a diverse collection of police officers with respect to their individual ability to identify nine key behaviors that are indicative of terrorism activity. The selected group of police officers was drawn" /> <meta name="robots" content="noindex" /> <title>Terrorism-Centric Behaviors and Adversarial Threat Awareness | Melissa Graves - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/98661336/Terrorism_Centric_Behaviors_and_Adversarial_Threat_Awareness" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732446068000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732446068000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"This article estimates situational awareness in a diverse collection of police officers with respect to their individual ability to identify nine key behaviors that are indicative of terrorism activity. The selected group of police officers was drawn from state, county, and municipal law enforcement organizations. The terrorist-centric behaviors were presented to the test group in multicomponent text-based scenarios that emulate real-world police events and respondents were instructed to rate each scenario component on an 11-point Likert-type suspicion scale. With the exception of terrorist fundraising, law enforcement personnel tended to view all of the terrorist-centric activities and behaviors as at least “somewhat suspicious.” The activities that could also be associated with “conventional” criminality such as weapons acquisition received higher ratings than those activities more exclusively related to terrorism such as recruiting. We also noted statistically significant differences based on agency type, officers’ assignment (patrol or detective), experience, gender, agency size, and education. Race had no effect.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Melissa Graves"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2023-03-16","dateModified":"2023-03-16","datePublished":"2016-01-01","headline":"Terrorism-Centric Behaviors and Adversarial Threat Awareness","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Psychology","Philosophy of Agency","Terrorism","Multidisciplinary","Situational Ethics","Law Enforcement","Likert Scale"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Social Science Quarterly","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":"Wiley-Blackwell"},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/98661336/Terrorism_Centric_Behaviors_and_Adversarial_Threat_Awareness","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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The selected group of police officers was drawn from state, county, and municipal law enforcement organizations. The terrorist-centric behaviors were presented to the test group in multicomponent text-based scenarios that emulate real-world police events and respondents were instructed to rate each scenario component on an 11-point Likert-type suspicion scale. With the exception of terrorist fundraising, law enforcement personnel tended to view all of the terrorist-centric activities and behaviors as at least “somewhat suspicious.” The activities that could also be associated with “conventional” criminality such as weapons acquisition received higher ratings than those activities more exclusively related to terrorism such as recruiting. We also noted statistically significant differences based on agency type, officers’ assignment (patrol or detective), experience, gender, agency size, and education. Race had no effect.","publisher":"Wiley-Blackwell","publication_date":"2016,,","publication_name":"Social Science Quarterly"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":null,"language":"en","title":"Terrorism-Centric Behaviors and Adversarial Threat Awareness","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":null,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [230041379]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "grid"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="loswp-grid--container"><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/98661336/Terrorism_Centric_Behaviors_and_Adversarial_Threat_Awareness" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="above-fold js-swp-splash-above-fold"><div class="work-card--container js-swp-control-work-card" data-entity-id="98661336"><div class="work-cover--wrapper"><div class="work-cover--container"><div class="work-cover--no-attachment-container js-swp-splash-paper-cover"><div class="work-cover--file-icon-wrapper"><img alt="paper cover icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe.icon.svg" /></div><div class="work-cover--title js-swp-splash-paper-cover-page-title">Terrorism-Centric Behaviors and Adversarial Threat Awareness</div><br /><div style="margin-top: 170px"><button class="work-cover--request-pdf-button js-request-pdf-button"><svg style="width: 14px; margin-right: 8px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="envelope" class="svg-inline--fa fa-envelope fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"></path></svg>Request PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div class="work-card--content"><h1 class="work-card--title">Terrorism-Centric Behaviors and Adversarial Threat Awareness</h1><div class="work-card--pub-info">Social Science Quarterly, 2016</div><a class="js-profile-link work-card--single-author" data-has-card-for-user="230041379" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MelissaGraves9?swp=tc-au-98661336"><div class="work-card--single-author-photo"><img class="Avatar--circle s65 Avatar--circle s65 Avatar--xxxs" alt="Melissa Graves" shape="circle" border="0" onerror="if (this.src != '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png') this.src = '//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png';" width="65" height="65" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/230041379/86591847/75259045/s65_melissa.graves.png" /></div><div class="work-card--author-name-wrapper" style="max-width: 125px; font-weight: 500; color: #4b4b4b;"><div class="u-textTruncate"><span itemprop="author">Melissa Graves</span></div></div></a><script data-card-contents-for-user="230041379" type="text/json">{"id":230041379,"first_name":"Melissa","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Graves","page_name":"MelissaGraves9","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2022-07-25T19:41:30.353-07:00","display_name":"Melissa Graves","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MelissaGraves9","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/230041379/86591847/75259045/s65_melissa.graves.png","has_photo":true,"interests":[{"id":14642,"name":"Medieval Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Architecture"},{"id":53396,"name":"Local and regional history","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_and_regional_history"},{"id":4156,"name":"Local History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_History"},{"id":2021,"name":"Romanian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanian_History"},{"id":1727,"name":"Early Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_History"}]}</script><div class="work-card--no-attachment-details"><div style="font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px;">Abstract</div><div class="work-card--abstract js-swp-splash-abstract">This article estimates situational awareness in a diverse collection of police officers with respect to their individual ability to identify nine key behaviors that are indicative of terrorism activity. The selected group of police officers was drawn from state, county, and municipal law enforcement organizations. The terrorist-centric behaviors were presented to the test group in multicomponent text-based scenarios that emulate real-world police events and respondents were instructed to rate each scenario component on an 11-point Likert-type suspicion scale. With the exception of terrorist fundraising, law enforcement personnel tended to view all of the terrorist-centric activities and behaviors as at least “somewhat suspicious.” The activities that could also be associated with “conventional” criminality such as weapons acquisition received higher ratings than those activities more exclusively related to terrorism such as recruiting. We also noted statistically significant differences based on agency type, officers’ assignment (patrol or detective), experience, gender, agency size, and education. Race had no effect.</div></div><div class="request-upload--container"><p class="request-upload--title">Melissa Graves hasn't uploaded this paper.</p><div class="request-upload--info-text"><svg aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="info-circle" class="request-upload--info-icon svg-inline--fa fa-info-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 111.043 248 248 248s248-111.003 248-248C504 119.083 392.957 8 256 8zm0 110c23.196 0 42 18.804 42 42s-18.804 42-42 42-42-18.804-42-42 18.804-42 42-42zm56 254c0 6.627-5.373 12-12 12h-88c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h12v-64h-12c-6.627 0-12-5.373-12-12v-24c0-6.627 5.373-12 12-12h64c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v100h12c6.627 0 12 5.373 12 12v24z"></path></svg><p class="no-margin hide-on-small-mobile">Let Melissa know you want this paper to be uploaded.</p><p class="no-margin hide-above-small-mobile">Ask for this paper to be uploaded.</p></div><button class="work-cover--request-pdf-button small js-request-pdf-button hide-on-desktop"><svg style="width: 14px; 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