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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_compositions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_compositions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>First compositions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_compositions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Princess_Theatre_musicals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Princess_Theatre_musicals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Princess Theatre musicals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Princess_Theatre_musicals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_1920s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_1920s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Early 1920s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_1920s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Show_Boat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Show_Boat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span><i>Show Boat</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Show_Boat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_films_and_later_shows" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_films_and_later_shows"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>First films and later shows</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_films_and_later_shows-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kern_in_Hollywood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kern_in_Hollywood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Kern in Hollywood</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kern_in_Hollywood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Personal life and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Accolades</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Accolades subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Academy Award for Best Original Song</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Music_Score" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Music_Score"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Academy Award for Best Original Music Score</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Music_Score-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Selected works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kern's_songs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kern's_songs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kern's songs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kern's_songs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jerome Kern</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86" title="جيروم كيرن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيروم كيرن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Kern" title="Jerome David Kern – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jerome David Kern" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Джеръм Кърн – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Джеръм Кърн" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_David_Kern" title="Jerome David Kern – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jerome David Kern" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%86" title="جروم کرن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جروم کرن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%A1%AC_%EC%BB%A8" title="제롬 컨 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제롬 컨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%27%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="ג'רום קרן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ג'רום קרן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hieronymus_Kern" title="Hieronymus Kern – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hieronymus Kern" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%86" title="جيروم كيرن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيروم كيرن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="ジェローム・カーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジェローム・カーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Керн, Джером – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Керн, Джером" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C5%BEerom_Kern" title="Džerom Kern – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Džerom Kern" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Джером Керн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Джером Керн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Kern" title="Jerome Kern – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jerome Kern" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%82%91%E7%BE%85%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9" title="傑羅姆·科恩 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="傑羅姆·科恩" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%A7%86%C2%B7%E7%A7%91%E6%81%A9" title="杰罗姆·科恩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="杰罗姆·科恩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American composer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the lawyer and business executive, see <a href="/wiki/Jerome_H._Kern" title="Jerome H. Kern">Jerome H. Kern</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerome-Kern-1934-Stage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jerome-Kern-1934-Stage.jpg/250px-Jerome-Kern-1934-Stage.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jerome-Kern-1934-Stage.jpg/375px-Jerome-Kern-1934-Stage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jerome-Kern-1934-Stage.jpg/500px-Jerome-Kern-1934-Stage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3440" data-file-height="4170" /></a><figcaption>Jerome Kern in 1934</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Jerome David Kern</b> (January 27, 1885 – November 11, 1945) was an American <a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">composer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Musical_theatre" title="Musical theatre">musical theatre</a> and popular music. One of the most important American theatre composers of the early 20th century, he wrote more than 700 songs, used in over 100 stage works, including such classics as "<a href="/wiki/Ol%27_Man_River" title="Ol' Man River">Ol' Man River</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Help_Lovin%27_Dat_Man" title="Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man">Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man</a>", "<a href="/wiki/A_Fine_Romance_(song)" title="A Fine Romance (song)">A Fine Romance</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Smoke_Gets_in_Your_Eyes" title="Smoke Gets in Your Eyes">Smoke Gets in Your Eyes</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Song_Is_You" title="The Song Is You">The Song Is You</a>", "<a href="/wiki/All_the_Things_You_Are" title="All the Things You Are">All the Things You Are</a>", "<a href="/wiki/The_Way_You_Look_Tonight" title="The Way You Look Tonight">The Way You Look Tonight</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Long_Ago_(and_Far_Away)" title="Long Ago (and Far Away)">Long Ago (and Far Away)</a>". He collaborated with many of the leading librettists and lyricists of his era, including <a href="/wiki/George_Grossmith_Jr." title="George Grossmith Jr.">George Grossmith Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guy_Bolton" title="Guy Bolton">Guy Bolton</a>, <a href="/wiki/P._G._Wodehouse" title="P. G. Wodehouse">P. G. Wodehouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otto_Harbach" title="Otto Harbach">Otto Harbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Fields" title="Dorothy Fields">Dorothy Fields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira Gershwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yip_Harburg" title="Yip Harburg">Yip Harburg</a>. </p><p>A native <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New Yorker</a>, Kern created dozens of <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> musicals and <a href="/wiki/Musical_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical films">Hollywood films</a> in a career that lasted for more than four decades. His musical innovations, such as 4/4 dance rhythms and the employment of syncopation and <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> progressions, built on, rather than rejected, earlier musical theatre tradition. He and his collaborators also employed his melodies to further the action or develop characterization to a greater extent than in the other musicals of his day, creating the model for later musicals. Although dozens of Kern's musicals and <a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">musical films</a> were hits, only <i><a href="/wiki/Show_Boat" title="Show Boat">Show Boat</a></i> is now regularly revived. Songs from his other shows, however, are still frequently performed and adapted. Many of Kern's songs have been adapted by jazz musicians to become <a href="/wiki/Jazz_standard" title="Jazz standard">standard tunes</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kern was born in New York City, on <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Place,_Manhattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sutton Place, Manhattan">Sutton Place</a>, in what was then the city's brewery district.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His parents were Henry Kern (1842–1908), a Jewish German immigrant, and Fannie Kern <i>née</i> Kakeles (1852–1907), who was an American Jew of <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemian</a> parentage.<sup id="cite_ref-baker_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of Kern's birth, his father ran a <a href="/wiki/Livery_yard" title="Livery yard">livery stable</a>; later he became a successful merchant.<sup id="cite_ref-baker_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kern grew up on East 56th Street in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, where he attended public schools. He showed an early aptitude for music and was taught to play the piano and organ by his mother, a professional player and teacher.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1897, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Newark,_New_Jersey" title="Newark, New Jersey">Newark, New Jersey</a>, where Kern attended Newark High School (which became <a href="/wiki/Barringer_High_School" title="Barringer High School">Barringer High School</a> in 1907). He wrote songs for the school's first musical, a <a href="/wiki/Minstrel_show" title="Minstrel show">minstrel show</a>, in 1901, and for an amateur musical adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin" title="Uncle Tom's Cabin">Uncle Tom's Cabin</a></i> put on at the Newark Yacht Club in January 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-baker_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kern left high school before graduation in the spring of his senior year in 1902. In response, Kern's father insisted that his son work with him in business, instead of composing. Kern, however, failed miserably in one of his earliest tasks: he was supposed to purchase two pianos for the store, but instead he ordered 200.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father relented, and later in 1902, Kern became a student at the <a href="/wiki/New_York_College_of_Music" title="New York College of Music">New York College of Music</a>, studying the piano under Alexander Lambert and Paolo Gallico, and harmony under Dr. Austin Pierce.<sup id="cite_ref-who_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first published composition, a piano piece, <i>At the Casino</i>, appeared in the same year. Between 1903 and 1905, he continued his musical training under private tutors in <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg" title="Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a>, Germany, returning to New York via London.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-who_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_compositions">First compositions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First compositions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Angela_Lansbury_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Angela_Lansbury_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg/220px-Angela_Lansbury_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Angela_Lansbury_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg/330px-Angela_Lansbury_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Angela_Lansbury_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg/440px-Angela_Lansbury_in_Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="557" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a> sings "How'd you like to spoon with me?" in <i><a href="/wiki/Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By" title="Till the Clouds Roll By">Till the Clouds Roll By</a></i> (1946)</figcaption></figure> <p>For a time, Kern worked as a rehearsal pianist in <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> theatres and as a <a href="/wiki/Song-plugger" class="mw-redirect" title="Song-plugger">song-plugger</a> for <a href="/wiki/Tin_Pan_Alley" title="Tin Pan Alley">Tin Pan Alley</a> music publishers. While in London, he secured a contract from the American impresario <a href="/wiki/Charles_Frohman" title="Charles Frohman">Charles Frohman</a> to provide songs for interpolation in Broadway versions of London shows. He began to provide these additions in 1904 to British scores for <i>An English Daisy</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Hicks" title="Seymour Hicks">Seymour Hicks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walter_Slaughter" title="Walter Slaughter">Walter Slaughter</a>, and <i>Mr. Wix of Wickham</i>, for which he wrote most of the songs.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1905, Kern contributed the song "How'd you like to spoon with me?" to <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Caryll" title="Ivan Caryll">Ivan Caryll</a>'s hit <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_musical_comedy" title="Edwardian musical comedy">musical</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Earl_and_the_Girl" title="The Earl and the Girl">The Earl and the Girl</a></i> when the show transferred to Chicago and New York in 1905.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also contributed to the New York production of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Catch_of_the_Season" title="The Catch of the Season">The Catch of the Season</a></i> (1905), <i>The Little Cherub</i> (1906) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Orchid" title="The Orchid">The Orchid</a></i> (1907), among other shows.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1905 on, he spent long periods of time in London, contributing songs to <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a> shows like <i><a href="/wiki/The_Beauty_of_Bath" title="The Beauty of Bath">The Beauty of Bath</a></i> (1906; with lyricist <a href="/wiki/P._G._Wodehouse" title="P. G. Wodehouse">P. G. Wodehouse</a>) and making valuable contacts, including <a href="/wiki/George_Grossmith_Jr." title="George Grossmith Jr.">George Grossmith Jr.</a> and Seymour Hicks, who were the first to introduce Kern's songs to the London stage.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1909 during one of his stays in England, Kern took a boat trip on the <a href="/wiki/River_Thames" title="River Thames">River Thames</a> with some friends, and when the boat stopped at <a href="/wiki/Walton-on-Thames" title="Walton-on-Thames">Walton-on-Thames</a>, they went to an inn called the Swan for a drink. Kern was much taken with the proprietor's daughter, Eva Leale (1891–1959), who was working behind the bar. He wooed her, and they were married at the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> church of St. Mary's in Walton on October 25, 1910. The couple then lived at the Swan when Kern was in England.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mind_the_Paint.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mind_the_Paint.pdf/page1-170px-Mind_the_Paint.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mind_the_Paint.pdf/page1-255px-Mind_the_Paint.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Mind_the_Paint.pdf/page1-340px-Mind_the_Paint.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="1650" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Billie_Burke" title="Billie Burke">Billie Burke</a>, for whom Kern wrote stage and screen music</figcaption></figure> <p>Kern is believed to have composed music for <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent films</a> as early as 1912, but the earliest documented film music which he is known to have written was for a twenty-part serial, <i>Gloria's Romance</i> in 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-banfield50_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banfield50-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was one of the first starring vehicles for <a href="/wiki/Billie_Burke" title="Billie Burke">Billie Burke</a>, for whom Kern had earlier written the song "Mind the Paint", with lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Wing_Pinero" title="Arthur Wing Pinero">A. W. Pinero</a>. The film is now considered <a href="/wiki/Lost_film" title="Lost film">lost</a>, but Kern's music survives. Another score for the silent movies, <i>Jubilo</i>, followed in 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-banfield50_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-banfield50-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kern was one of the founding members of <a href="/wiki/ASCAP" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCAP">ASCAP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-who_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kern's first complete score was Broadway's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Red_Petticoat" title="The Red Petticoat">The Red Petticoat</a></i> (1912), one of the first musical-comedy Westerns. The libretto was by <a href="/wiki/Rida_Johnson_Young" title="Rida Johnson Young">Rida Johnson Young</a>. By <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, more than a hundred of Kern's songs had been used in about thirty productions, mostly Broadway adaptations of West End and European shows. Kern contributed two songs to <i><a href="/wiki/To-Night%27s_the_Night_(musical)" title="To-Night's the Night (musical)">To-Night's the Night</a></i> (1914), another Rubens musical. It opened in New York and went on to become a hit in London. The best known of Kern's songs from this period is probably "<a href="/wiki/They_Didn%27t_Believe_Me" title="They Didn't Believe Me">They Didn't Believe Me</a>", which was a hit in the New York version of the <a href="/wiki/Paul_Rubens_(composer)" title="Paul Rubens (composer)">Paul Rubens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Jones_(composer)" title="Sidney Jones (composer)">Sidney Jones</a> musical, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_from_Utah" title="The Girl from Utah">The Girl from Utah</a></i> (1914), for which Kern wrote five songs.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kern's song, with four beats to a bar, departed from the customary <a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a>-rhythms of European influence and fitted the new American passion for modern dances such as the <a href="/wiki/Fox-trot" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox-trot">fox-trot</a>. He was also able to use elements of American styles, such as ragtime, as well as syncopation, in his lively dance tunes.<sup id="cite_ref-bordman_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bordman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Theatre historian <a href="/wiki/John_Kenrick_(theatre_writer)" title="John Kenrick (theatre writer)">John Kenrick</a> writes that the song put Kern in great demand on Broadway and established a pattern for musical comedy love songs that lasted through the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In May 1915, Kern was due to sail with Charles Frohman from New York to London on board the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Lusitania" title="RMS Lusitania">RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a>, but Kern missed the boat, having overslept after staying up late playing poker.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Frohman died in the sinking of the ship.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Princess_Theatre_musicals">Princess Theatre musicals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Princess Theatre musicals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerome-Kern-1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Jerome-Kern-1918.jpg/170px-Jerome-Kern-1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Jerome-Kern-1918.jpg/255px-Jerome-Kern-1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Jerome-Kern-1918.jpg/340px-Jerome-Kern-1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption>Jerome Kern in 1918</figcaption></figure> <p>Kern composed 16 Broadway scores between 1915 and 1920 and also contributed songs to the London hit <i><a href="/wiki/Theodore_%26_Co" title="Theodore & Co">Theodore & Co</a></i> (1916; most of the songs are by the young <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Novello" title="Ivor Novello">Ivor Novello</a>) and to revues like the <a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies" title="Ziegfeld Follies">Ziegfeld Follies</a>. The most notable of his scores were those for a series of shows written for the <a href="/wiki/Princess_Theatre,_New_York_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Theatre, New York City">Princess Theatre</a>, a small (299-seat) house built by <a href="/wiki/Ray_Comstock" class="mw-redirect" title="Ray Comstock">Ray Comstock</a>. Theatrical agent <a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Marbury" title="Elisabeth Marbury">Elisabeth Marbury</a> asked Kern and librettist <a href="/wiki/Guy_Bolton" title="Guy Bolton">Guy Bolton</a> to create a series of intimate and low-budget, yet smart, musicals.<sup id="cite_ref-bordman_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bordman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "Princess Theatre shows" were unique on Broadway not only for their small size, but their clever, coherent plots, integrated scores and naturalistic acting, which presented "a sharp contrast to the large-scale <a href="/wiki/Ruritania" title="Ruritania">Ruritanian</a> operettas then in vogue"<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the star-studded <a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">revues</a> and extravaganzas of producers like <a href="/wiki/Florenz_Ziegfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Florenz Ziegfeld">Florenz Ziegfeld</a>. Earlier <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_musical_comedy" title="Edwardian musical comedy">musical comedy</a> had often been thinly plotted, gaudy pieces, marked by the insertion of songs into their scores with little regard to the plot. But Kern and Bolton followed the examples of <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Sullivan" title="Gilbert and Sullivan">Gilbert and Sullivan</a> and French <i><a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra_bouffe" title="Opéra bouffe">opéra bouffe</a></i> in integrating song and story. "These shows built and polished the mold from which almost all later major musical comedies evolved. ... The characters and situations were, within the limitations of musical comedy license, believable and the humor came from the situations or the nature of the characters. Kern's exquisitely flowing melodies were employed to further the action or develop characterization."<sup id="cite_ref-bordman_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bordman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shows featured modern American settings and simple scene changes to suit the small theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-Kenrick_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenrick-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_Old-Fashioned_Wife_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/An_Old-Fashioned_Wife_cover.jpg/170px-An_Old-Fashioned_Wife_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/An_Old-Fashioned_Wife_cover.jpg/255px-An_Old-Fashioned_Wife_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/An_Old-Fashioned_Wife_cover.jpg/340px-An_Old-Fashioned_Wife_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1579" data-file-height="2015" /></a><figcaption>Sheet music from <a href="/wiki/Oh,_Boy!_(musical)" title="Oh, Boy! (musical)"><i>Oh Boy!</i></a></figcaption></figure> <p>The team's first Princess Theatre show was an adaptation of Paul Rubens' 1905 London show, <i>Mr. Popple (of Ippleton)</i>, called <i>Nobody Home</i> (1915).<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The piece ran for 135 performances and was a modest financial success.<sup id="cite_ref-baker_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it did little to fulfill the new team's mission to innovate, except that Kern's song, "The Magic Melody", was the first Broadway showtune with a basic <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> progression.<sup id="cite_ref-bordman_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bordman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kern and Bolton next created an original piece, <i><a href="/wiki/Very_Good_Eddie" title="Very Good Eddie">Very Good Eddie</a></i>, which was a surprise hit, running for 341 performances, with additional touring productions that went on into the 1918-19 season.<sup id="cite_ref-baker_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The British humorist, lyricist and librettist P. G. Wodehouse joined the Princess team in 1917, adding his skill as a lyricist to the succeeding shows. <i><a href="/wiki/Oh,_Boy!_(musical)" title="Oh, Boy! (musical)">Oh, Boy!</a></i> (1917) ran for an extraordinary 463 performances.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloom_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloom-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other shows written for the theatre were <i>Have a Heart</i> (1917), <i><a href="/wiki/Leave_It_to_Jane" title="Leave It to Jane">Leave It to Jane</a></i> (1917)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/Oh,_Lady!_Lady!!" title="Oh, Lady! Lady!!">Oh, Lady! Lady!!</a></i> (1918).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first opened at another theatre before <i>Very Good Eddie</i> closed. The second played elsewhere during the long run of <i>Oh Boy!</i><sup id="cite_ref-bordman_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bordman-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An anonymous admirer wrote a verse in their praise<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that begins: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Not_Yet_cover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Not_Yet_cover.jpg/170px-Not_Yet_cover.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Not_Yet_cover.jpg/255px-Not_Yet_cover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Not_Yet_cover.jpg/340px-Not_Yet_cover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1587" data-file-height="2028" /></a><figcaption>Sheet music from <i><a href="/wiki/Oh,_Lady!_Lady!!" title="Oh, Lady! Lady!!">Oh, Lady! Lady!!</a></i></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>This is the trio of musical fame,<br /> Bolton and Wodehouse and Kern.<br /> Better than anyone else you can name<br /> Bolton and Wodehouse and Kern.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </div></blockquote> <p>In February 1918, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Parker" title="Dorothy Parker">Dorothy Parker</a> wrote in <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(American_magazine_1913-1936)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanity Fair (American magazine 1913-1936)">Vanity Fair</a></i>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Well, Bolton and Wodehouse and Kern have done it again. Every time these three gather together, the Princess Theatre is sold out for months in advance. You can get a seat for <i>Oh, Lady! Lady!!</i> somewhere around the middle of August for just about the price of one on the stock exchange. If you ask me, I will look you fearlessly in the eye and tell you in low, throbbing tones that it has it over any other musical comedy in town. But then Bolton and Wodehouse and Kern are my favorite indoor sport. I like the way they go about a musical comedy. ... I like the way the action slides casually into the songs. ... I like the deft rhyming of the song that is always sung in the last act by two comedians and a comedienne. And oh, how I do like Jerome Kern's music. And all these things are even more so in <i>Oh, Lady! Lady!!</i> than they were in <i>Oh, Boy!</i> <sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p><i>Oh, Lady! Lady!!</i> was the last successful "Princess Theatre show". Kern and Wodehouse disagreed over money, and the composer decided to move on to other projects.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kern's importance to the partnership was illustrated by the fate of the last musical of the series, <i>Oh, My Dear!</i> (1918), to which he contributed only one song: "Go, Little Boat". The rest of the show was composed by <a href="/wiki/Louis_Hirsch" title="Louis Hirsch">Louis Hirsch</a> and ran for 189 performances: "Despite a respectable run, everyone realized there was little point in continuing the series without Kern."<sup id="cite_ref-Kenrick_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenrick-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_1920s">Early 1920s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early 1920s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marilyn_Miller_LCCN2014712670_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Marilyn_Miller_LCCN2014712670_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Marilyn_Miller_LCCN2014712670_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Marilyn_Miller_LCCN2014712670_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Marilyn_Miller_LCCN2014712670_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Marilyn_Miller_LCCN2014712670_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Marilyn_Miller_LCCN2014712670_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4681" data-file-height="6333" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Miller" title="Marilyn Miller">Marilyn Miller</a>, the star of <i><a href="/wiki/Sally_(musical)" title="Sally (musical)">Sally</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>The 1920s were an extremely productive period in American musical theatre, and Kern created at least one show every year for the entire decade. His first show of 1920 was <i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Boat" title="The Night Boat">The Night Boat</a></i>, with book and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Anne_Caldwell" title="Anne Caldwell">Anne Caldwell</a>, which ran for more than 300 performances in New York and for three seasons on tour.<sup id="cite_ref-baker_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in the same year, Kern wrote the score for <i><a href="/wiki/Sally_(musical)" title="Sally (musical)">Sally</a></i>, with a book by Bolton and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Otto_Harbach" title="Otto Harbach">Otto Harbach</a>. This show, staged by Florenz Ziegfeld, ran for 570 performances, one of the longest runs of any Broadway show in the decade, and popularized the song "<a href="/wiki/Look_for_the_Silver_Lining" title="Look for the Silver Lining">Look for the Silver Lining</a>" (which had been written for an earlier show), performed by the rising star <a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Miller" title="Marilyn Miller">Marilyn Miller</a>. It also had a long run in London in 1921, produced by <a href="/wiki/George_Grossmith_Jr." title="George Grossmith Jr.">George Grossmith Jr.</a><sup id="cite_ref-baker_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kern's next shows were <i>Good Morning, Dearie</i> (1921, with Caldwell) which ran for 347 performances; followed in 1922 by a West End success, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cabaret_Girl" title="The Cabaret Girl">The Cabaret Girl</a></i> in collaboration with Grossmith and Wodehouse;<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> another modest success by the same team, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Beauty_Prize" title="The Beauty Prize">The Beauty Prize</a></i> (1923); and a Broadway flop, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bunch_and_Judy" title="The Bunch and Judy">The Bunch and Judy</a></i>, remembered, if at all, as the first time Kern and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a> worked together.<sup id="cite_ref-baker_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Stepping_Stones_(musical)" title="Stepping Stones (musical)">Stepping Stones</a></i> (1923, with Caldwell) was a success, and in 1924 the Princess Theatre team of Bolton, Wodehouse and Kern reunited to write <i>Sitting Pretty</i>, but it did not recapture the popularity of the earlier collaborations.<sup id="cite_ref-oepm_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oepm-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its relative failure may have been partly due to Kern's growing aversion to having individual songs from his shows performed out of context on radio, in cabaret, or on record, although his chief objection was to jazz interpretations of his songs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He called himself a "musical clothier – nothing more or less," and said, "I write music to both the situations and the lyrics in plays."<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When <i>Sitting Pretty</i> was produced, he forbade any broadcasting or recording of individual numbers from the show, which limited their chance to gain popularity.<sup id="cite_ref-baker_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1925 was a major turning point in Kern's career when he met <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a>, with whom he would entertain a lifelong friendship and collaboration. As a young man, Kern had been an easy companion with great charm and humor, but he became less outgoing in his middle years, sometimes difficult to work with: he once introduced himself to a producer by saying, "I hear you're a son of a bitch. So am I."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He rarely collaborated with any one lyricist for long. With Hammerstein, however, he remained on close terms for the rest of his life.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their first show, written together with Harbach, was <i><a href="/wiki/Sunny_(musical)" title="Sunny (musical)">Sunny</a></i>, which featured the song "<a href="/wiki/Who%3F_(song)" title="Who? (song)">Who (Stole My Heart Away)?</a>" Marilyn Miller played the title role, as she had in <i>Sally</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-oepm_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oepm-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The show ran for 517 performances on Broadway, and the following year ran for 363 performances in the West End, starring <a href="/wiki/Binnie_Hale" title="Binnie Hale">Binnie Hale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jack_Buchanan" title="Jack Buchanan">Jack Buchanan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Show_Boat"><i>Show Boat</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Show Boat"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hammerstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Hammerstein.jpg/150px-Hammerstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Hammerstein.jpg/225px-Hammerstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Hammerstein.jpg/300px-Hammerstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="918" data-file-height="1198" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a>, one of Kern's chief collaborators</figcaption></figure> <p>Because of the strong success of <i>Sally</i> and <i>Sunny</i> and consistent good results with his other shows, Ziegfeld was willing to gamble on Kern's next project in 1927. Kern had been impressed by <a href="/wiki/Edna_Ferber" title="Edna Ferber">Edna Ferber</a>'s novel <i><a href="/wiki/Show_Boat_(novel)" title="Show Boat (novel)">Show Boat</a></i> and wished to present a musical stage version.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He persuaded Hammerstein to adapt it and Ziegfeld to produce it. The story, dealing with racism, marital strife and alcoholism, was unheard of in the escapist world of musical comedy. Despite his doubts, Ziegfeld spared no expense in staging the piece to give it its full epic grandeur. According to the theatre historian John Kenrick: "After the opening night audience filed out of the Ziegfeld Theatre in near silence, Ziegfeld thought his worst fears had been confirmed. He was pleasantly surprised when the next morning brought ecstatic reviews and long lines at the box office. In fact, <i>Show Boat</i> proved to be the most lasting accomplishment of Ziegfeld's career – the only one of his shows that is regularly performed today."<sup id="cite_ref-kenrickshowboat_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kenrickshowboat-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The score is, arguably, Kern's greatest and includes the well-known songs "<a href="/wiki/Ol%27_Man_River" title="Ol' Man River">Ol' Man River</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Help_Lovin%27_Dat_Man" title="Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man">Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man</a>" as well as "<a href="/wiki/Make_Believe_(Jerome_Kern_song)" title="Make Believe (Jerome Kern song)">Make Believe</a>", "<a href="/wiki/You_Are_Love" title="You Are Love">You Are Love</a>", "Life Upon the Wicked Stage", "Why Do I Love You", all with lyrics by Hammerstein, and "<a href="/wiki/Bill_(Show_Boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill (Show Boat)">Bill</a>", originally written for <i>Oh, Lady! Lady!</i>, with lyrics by P. G. Wodehouse.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The show ran for 572 performances on Broadway and was also a success in London.<sup id="cite_ref-kenrickshowboat_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kenrickshowboat-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Ferber's novel was filmed unsuccessfully as a <a href="/wiki/Part-talkie" title="Part-talkie">part-talkie</a> in 1929 (using some songs from the Kern score), the musical itself was filmed twice, in <a href="/wiki/Show_Boat_(1936_film)" title="Show Boat (1936 film)">1936</a>, and, with <a href="/wiki/Technicolor" title="Technicolor">Technicolor</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Show_Boat_(1951_film)" title="Show Boat (1951 film)">1951</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1989, a stage version of the musical was presented on television for the first time, in a production from the <a href="/wiki/Paper_Mill_Playhouse" title="Paper Mill Playhouse">Paper Mill Playhouse</a> telecast by <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Performances" title="Great Performances">Great Performances</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While most Kern musicals have largely been forgotten, except for their songs, <i>Show Boat</i> remains well-remembered and frequently seen. It is a staple of stock productions and has been revived numerous times on Broadway and in London. A 1946 revival integrated choreography into the show, in the manner of a <a href="/wiki/Rodgers_and_Hammerstein" title="Rodgers and Hammerstein">Rodgers and Hammerstein</a> production, as did the 1994 <a href="/wiki/Harold_Prince" title="Harold Prince">Harold Prince</a>–<a href="/wiki/Susan_Stroman" title="Susan Stroman">Susan Stroman</a> revival, which was nominated for ten <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a>, winning five, including best revival. It was the first musical to enter a major opera company's repertory (New York City Opera, 1954), and the rediscovery of the 1927 score with <a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a>'s original orchestrations led to a large-scale <a href="/wiki/EMI_Classics" title="EMI Classics">EMI</a> recording in 1987 and several opera-house productions.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1941, the conductor <a href="/wiki/Artur_Rodzi%C5%84ski" title="Artur Rodziński">Artur Rodziński</a> wished to commission a symphonic suite from the score, but Kern considered himself a songwriter and not a symphonist. He never orchestrated his own scores, leaving that to musical assistants, principally Frank Saddler (until 1921) and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Russell_Bennett" title="Robert Russell Bennett">Robert Russell Bennett</a> (from 1923).<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In response to the commission, Kern oversaw an arrangement by Charles Miller and Emil Gerstenberger of numbers from the show into the orchestral work <i>Scenario for Orchestra: Themes from Show Boat</i>, premiered in 1941 by the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Orchestra" title="Cleveland Orchestra">Cleveland Orchestra</a> conducted by Rodziński.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-baker_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kathryn_Grayson_in_Show_Boat_trailer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kathryn_Grayson_in_Show_Boat_trailer.jpg/200px-Kathryn_Grayson_in_Show_Boat_trailer.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Kathryn_Grayson_in_Show_Boat_trailer.jpg/300px-Kathryn_Grayson_in_Show_Boat_trailer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Kathryn_Grayson_in_Show_Boat_trailer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="237" /></a><figcaption>1951 film version of Kern and Hammerstein's <i><a href="/wiki/Show_Boat_(1951_film)" title="Show Boat (1951 film)">Show Boat</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>Kern's last Broadway show in the 1920s was <i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Adeline_(musical)" title="Sweet Adeline (musical)">Sweet Adeline</a></i> (1929), with a libretto by Hammerstein. It was a period piece, set in the Gay 90s, about a girl from <a href="/wiki/Hoboken,_New_Jersey" title="Hoboken, New Jersey">Hoboken, New Jersey</a> (near Kern's childhood home), who becomes a Broadway star. Opening just before the stock market crash, it received rave reviews, but the elaborate, old-fashioned piece was a step back from the innovations in <i>Show Boat</i>, or even the Princess Theatre shows.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In January 1929, at the height of the <a href="/wiki/Jazz_Age" title="Jazz Age">Jazz Age</a>, and with <i>Show Boat</i> still playing on Broadway, Kern made news on both sides of the Atlantic for reasons wholly unconnected with music. He sold at auction, at New York's <a href="/wiki/Anderson_Galleries" title="Anderson Galleries">Anderson Galleries</a>, the collection of English and American literature that he had been building up for more than a decade. The collection, rich in inscribed first editions and manuscript material of eighteenth and nineteenth century authors, sold for a total of $1,729,462.50 (equivalent to $30,687,895 in 2023) – a record for a single-owner sale that stood for over fifty years. Among the books he sold were first or early editions of poems by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a> and <a href="/wiki/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley" title="Percy Bysshe Shelley">Percy Bysshe Shelley</a>, and works by <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Fielding" title="Henry Fielding">Henry Fielding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, as well as manuscripts by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pope" title="Alexander Pope">Alexander Pope</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Keats" title="John Keats">John Keats</a>, Shelley, <a href="/wiki/George_Gordon_Byron,_6th_Baron_Byron" class="mw-redirect" title="George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron">Lord Byron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Thomas Hardy</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-times_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_films_and_later_shows">First films and later shows</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: First films and later shows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1929 Kern made his first trip to <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a> to supervise the <a href="/wiki/Sally_(1929_film)" title="Sally (1929 film)">1929 film version of <i>Sally</i></a>, one of the first "all-talking" Technicolor films. The following year, he was there a second time to work on <i><a href="/wiki/Men_of_the_Sky_(1931_film)" title="Men of the Sky (1931 film)">Men of the Sky</a></i>, released in 1931 without his songs, and a <a href="/wiki/Sunny_(1930_film)" title="Sunny (1930 film)">1930 film version of <i>Sunny</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-baker_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was a public reaction against the early glut of film musicals after the advent of film sound; Hollywood released more than 100 musical films in 1930, but only 14 in 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros." title="Warner Bros.">Warner Bros.</a> bought out Kern's contract, and he returned to the stage.<sup id="cite_ref-baker_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He collaborated with Harbach on the Broadway musical <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cat_and_the_Fiddle_(musical)" title="The Cat and the Fiddle (musical)">The Cat and the Fiddle</a></i> (1931), about a composer and an opera singer, featuring the songs "<a href="/wiki/She_Didn%27t_Say_Yes" title="She Didn't Say Yes">She Didn't Say Yes</a>" and "The Night Was Made for Love". It ran for 395 performances, a remarkable success for the Depression years, and transferred to London the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was filmed in 1934 with <a href="/wiki/Jeanette_MacDonald" title="Jeanette MacDonald">Jeanette MacDonald</a>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_Air" title="Music in the Air">Music in the Air</a></i> (1932) was another Kern-Hammerstein collaboration and another show-biz plot, best remembered today for "<a href="/wiki/The_Song_Is_You" title="The Song Is You">The Song Is You</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Told_Ev%27ry_Little_Star" title="I've Told Ev'ry Little Star">I've Told Ev'ry Little Star</a>". It was "undoubtedly an operetta", set in the German countryside, but without the Ruritanian trimmings of the operettas of Kern's youth.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Roberta_(musical)" title="Roberta (musical)">Roberta</a></i> (1933) by Kern and Harbach included the songs "<a href="/wiki/Smoke_Gets_in_Your_Eyes" title="Smoke Gets in Your Eyes">Smoke Gets in Your Eyes</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Begin" title="Let's Begin">Let's Begin</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Yesterdays_(1933_song)" title="Yesterdays (1933 song)">Yesterdays</a>" and featured, among others, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hope" title="Bob Hope">Bob Hope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_MacMurray" title="Fred MacMurray">Fred MacMurray</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Murphy" title="George Murphy">George Murphy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Greenstreet" title="Sydney Greenstreet">Sydney Greenstreet</a> all in the early stages of their careers. Kern's <i><a href="/wiki/Three_Sisters_(musical)" title="Three Sisters (musical)">Three Sisters</a></i> (1934), was his last West End show, with a libretto by Hammerstein. The musical, depicting horse-racing, the circus, and class distinctions, was a failure, running for only two months. Its song "<a href="/wiki/I_Won%27t_Dance" title="I Won't Dance">I Won't Dance</a>" was used in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Roberta_(1935_film)" title="Roberta (1935 film)">Roberta</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some British critics objected to American writers essaying a British story;<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Agate" title="James Agate">James Agate</a>, doyen of London theatre critics of the day, dismissed it as "American inanity,"<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though both Kern and Hammerstein were strong and knowledgeable Anglophiles.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kern's last Broadway show (other than revivals) was <i><a href="/wiki/Very_Warm_for_May" title="Very Warm for May">Very Warm for May</a></i> (1939), another show-biz story and another disappointment, although the score included the Kern and Hammerstein classic "<a href="/wiki/All_The_Things_You_Are" class="mw-redirect" title="All The Things You Are">All The Things You Are</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-oepm_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oepm-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kern_in_Hollywood">Kern in Hollywood</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Kern in Hollywood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1935, when musical films had become popular once again, thanks to <a href="/wiki/Busby_Berkeley" title="Busby Berkeley">Busby Berkeley</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kern returned to Hollywood, where he composed the scores to a dozen more films, although he also continued working on Broadway productions. He settled permanently in Hollywood in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After suffering a heart attack in 1939, he was told by his doctors to concentrate on film scores, a less stressful task, as Hollywood songwriters were not as deeply involved with the production of their works as Broadway songwriters. This second phase of Kern's Hollywood career had considerably greater artistic and commercial success than the first. With Hammerstein, he wrote songs for the film versions of his recent Broadway shows <i>Music in the Air</i> (1934), which starred <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Swanson" title="Gloria Swanson">Gloria Swanson</a> in a rare singing role, and <i>Sweet Adeline</i> (1935). With <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Fields" title="Dorothy Fields">Dorothy Fields</a>, he composed the new music for <i><a href="/wiki/I_Dream_Too_Much_(1935_film)" title="I Dream Too Much (1935 film)">I Dream Too Much</a></i> (1935), a musical melodrama about the opera world, starring the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> diva <a href="/wiki/Lily_Pons" title="Lily Pons">Lily Pons</a>. Kern and Fields interspersed the opera numbers with their songs, including "the swinging 'I Got Love,' the lullaby 'The Jockey on the Carousel,' and the entrancing title song."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also with Fields, he wrote two new songs, "<a href="/wiki/I_Won%27t_Dance" title="I Won't Dance">I Won't Dance</a>" and "Lovely to Look At", for the Fred Astaire and <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Rogers" title="Ginger Rogers">Ginger Rogers</a> film version of <i><a href="/wiki/Roberta_(1935_film)" title="Roberta (1935 film)">Roberta</a></i> (1935), which was a hit. The show also included the song "<a href="/wiki/I%27ll_Be_Hard_to_Handle" title="I'll Be Hard to Handle">I'll Be Hard to Handle</a>". This was given a 1952 remake called <i><a href="/wiki/Lovely_to_Look_At" title="Lovely to Look At">Lovely to Look At</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Their next film, <i><a href="/wiki/Swing_Time_(film)" title="Swing Time (film)">Swing Time</a></i> (1936) included the song "<a href="/wiki/The_Way_You_Look_Tonight" title="The Way You Look Tonight">The Way You Look Tonight</a>", which won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> in 1936 for the best song. Other songs in <i>Swing Time</i> include "<a href="/wiki/A_Fine_Romance_(song)" title="A Fine Romance (song)">A Fine Romance</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Pick_Yourself_Up" title="Pick Yourself Up">Pick Yourself Up</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Never_Gonna_Dance_(song)" title="Never Gonna Dance (song)">Never Gonna Dance</a>". <i>The Oxford Companion to the American Musical</i> calls <i>Swing Time</i> "a strong candidate for the best of the Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers musicals" and says that, although the screenplay is contrived, it "left plenty of room for dance and all of it was superb. ... Although the movie is remembered as one of the great dance musicals, it also boasts one of the best film scores of the 1930s."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the 1936 film version of <i>Show Boat</i>, Kern and Hammerstein wrote three new songs, including "I Have The Room Above Her" and "Ah Still Suits Me".<sup id="cite_ref-baker_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-baker-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/High,_Wide,_and_Handsome" class="mw-redirect" title="High, Wide, and Handsome">High, Wide, and Handsome</a></i> (1937) was intentionally similar in plot and style to <i>Show Boat</i>, but it was a box-office failure. Kern songs were also used in the <a href="/wiki/Cary_Grant" title="Cary Grant">Cary Grant</a> film, <i><a href="/wiki/When_You%27re_in_Love_(film)" title="When You're in Love (film)">When You're in Love</a></i> (1937), and the first <a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello" title="Abbott and Costello">Abbott and Costello</a> feature, <i><a href="/wiki/One_Night_in_the_Tropics" title="One Night in the Tropics">One Night in the Tropics</a></i> (1940). In 1940, Hammerstein wrote the lyric "<a href="/wiki/The_Last_Time_I_Saw_Paris_(song)" title="The Last Time I Saw Paris (song)">The Last Time I Saw Paris</a>", in homage to the French capital, recently occupied by the Germans. Kern set it, the only time he set a pre-written lyric, and his only hit song not written as part of a musical.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally a hit for <a href="/wiki/Tony_Martin_(entertainer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Martin (entertainer)">Tony Martin</a> and later for <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Coward" title="Noël Coward">Noël Coward</a>, the song was used in the film <i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Be_Good_(1941_film)" title="Lady Be Good (1941 film)">Lady Be Good</a></i> (1941) and won Kern another Oscar for best song. Kern's second and last symphonic work was his '<a href="/wiki/Mark_Twain" title="Mark Twain">Mark Twain</a> Suite<i> (1942).<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p><p>In his last <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a> musicals, Kern worked with several new and distinguished partners. With <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/You_Were_Never_Lovelier" title="You Were Never Lovelier">You Were Never Lovelier</a></i> (1942), he contributed "a set of memorable songs to entertain audiences until the plot came to its inevitable conclusion".<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film starred Astaire and <a href="/wiki/Rita_Hayworth" title="Rita Hayworth">Rita Hayworth</a> and included the song "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Old_Fashioned" title="I'm Old Fashioned">I'm Old Fashioned</a>". Kern's next collaboration was with <a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira Gershwin</a> on <i><a href="/wiki/Cover_Girl_(film)" title="Cover Girl (film)">Cover Girl</a></i> starring Hayworth and <a href="/wiki/Gene_Kelly" title="Gene Kelly">Gene Kelly</a> (1944) for which Kern composed "Sure Thing","Put Me to the Test," "Make Way for Tomorrow" (lyric by <a href="/wiki/E._Y._Harburg" class="mw-redirect" title="E. Y. Harburg">E. Y. Harburg</a>), and the hit ballad "<a href="/wiki/Long_Ago_(and_Far_Away)" title="Long Ago (and Far Away)">Long Ago (and Far Away)</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-HCover_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HCover-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the <a href="/wiki/Deanna_Durbin" title="Deanna Durbin">Deanna Durbin</a> Western musical, <i><a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Help_Singing" title="Can't Help Singing">Can't Help Singing</a></i> (1944), with lyrics by Harburg, Kern "provided the best original score of Durbin's career, mixing operetta and Broadway sounds in such songs as 'Any Moment Now,' 'Swing Your Partner,' 'More and More,' and the lilting title number." "More and More" was nominated for an Oscar.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kern composed his last film score, <i><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Summer" title="Centennial Summer">Centennial Summer</a></i> (1946) in which "the songs were as resplendent as the story and characters were mediocre. ... Oscar Hammerstein, <a href="/wiki/Leo_Robin" title="Leo Robin">Leo Robin</a>, and E. Y. Harburg contributed lyrics for Kern's lovely music, resulting in the soulful ballad 'All Through the Day,' the rustic 'Cinderella Sue,' the cheerful 'Up With the Lark,' and the <a href="/wiki/Torch_song" title="Torch song">torchy</a> 'In Love in Vain.'" "All Through the Day" was another Oscar nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The music of Kern's last two films is notable in the way it developed from his earlier work. Some of it was too advanced for the film companies; Kern's biographer, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Banfield" title="Stephen Banfield">Stephen Banfield</a>, refers to "tonal experimentation ... outlandish enharmonics" that the studios insisted on cutting.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time, in some ways his music came full circle: having in his youth helped to end the reigns of the waltz and operetta, he now composed three of his finest waltzes ("Can't Help Singing", "Californ-i-ay" and "Up With the Lark"), the last having a distinctly operetta-like character.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life_and_death">Personal life and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TillCloudsRollBy01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/TillCloudsRollBy01.jpg/220px-TillCloudsRollBy01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/TillCloudsRollBy01.jpg/330px-TillCloudsRollBy01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/TillCloudsRollBy01.jpg/440px-TillCloudsRollBy01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="608" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a> sings "Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man" in <i><a href="/wiki/Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By" title="Till the Clouds Roll By">Till the Clouds Roll By</a></i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kern and his wife, Eva, often vacationed on their yacht <i>Show Boat</i>. He collected rare books and enjoyed betting on horses.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of Kern's death, <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> was filming a fictionalized version of his life, <i><a href="/wiki/Till_the_Clouds_Roll_By" title="Till the Clouds Roll By">Till the Clouds Roll By</a></i>, which was released in 1946 starring <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walker_(actor,_born_1918)" title="Robert Walker (actor, born 1918)">Robert Walker</a> as Kern.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the film, Kern's songs are sung by <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Grayson" title="Kathryn Grayson">Kathryn Grayson</a>, <a href="/wiki/June_Allyson" title="June Allyson">June Allyson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dinah_Shore" title="Dinah Shore">Dinah Shore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angela_Lansbury" title="Angela Lansbury">Angela Lansbury</a>, among others, and <a href="/wiki/Gower_Champion" title="Gower Champion">Gower Champion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyd_Charisse" title="Cyd Charisse">Cyd Charisse</a> appear as dancers.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the biographical elements are fictionalized.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the fall of 1945, Kern returned to New York City to oversee auditions for a new revival of <i>Show Boat</i>, and began to work on the score for what would become the musical <i><a href="/wiki/Annie_Get_Your_Gun_(musical)" title="Annie Get Your Gun (musical)">Annie Get Your Gun</a></i>, to be produced by Rodgers and Hammerstein. On November 5, 1945, at 60 years of age, he suffered a <a href="/wiki/Cerebral_hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerebral hemorrhage">cerebral hemorrhage</a> while walking at the corner of Park Avenue and 57th Street.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Identifiable only by his <a href="/wiki/ASCAP" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCAP">ASCAP</a> card, Kern was initially taken to the indigent ward at City Hospital, later being transferred to Doctors Hospital in Manhattan. Hammerstein was at his side when Kern's breathing stopped. Hammerstein hummed or sang the song "I've Told Ev'ry Little Star" from <i>Music in the Air</i> (a personal favorite of the composer's) into Kern's ear. Receiving no response, Hammerstein realized Kern had died.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rodgers and Hammerstein then assigned the task of writing the score for <i>Annie Get Your Gun</i> to the veteran Broadway composer <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kern is interred at <a href="/wiki/Ferncliff_Cemetery" title="Ferncliff Cemetery">Ferncliff Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Westchester_County,_New_York" title="Westchester County, New York">Westchester County, New York</a>. His daughter, Elizabeth "Betty" Jane Kern (1918–1996)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> married <a href="/wiki/Artie_Shaw" title="Artie Shaw">Artie Shaw</a> in 1942 and later <a href="/wiki/Jack_Cummings_(director)" title="Jack Cummings (director)">Jack Cummings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kern's wife eventually remarried, to a singer named George Byron.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accolades">Accolades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Accolades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jerome Kern was nominated eight times for an Academy Award, and won twice. Seven nominations were for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Academy Award for Best Original Song">Best Original Song</a>; these included a posthumous nomination in each of 1945 and 1946. One nomination was in 1945 for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Original_Music_Score" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Original Music Score">Best Original Music Score</a>. Kern was not eligible for any Tony Awards, which were not created until 1947. In 1976, <i>Very Good Eddie</i> was nominated for a <a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award" title="Drama Desk Award">Drama Desk Award</a> as Outstanding Revival, and the director and actors received various Tony, Drama Desk and other awards and nominations. Elisabeth Welsh was nominated for a Tony Award for her performance in <i>Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood</i> in 1986, and <i><a href="/wiki/Show_Boat" title="Show Boat">Show Boat</a></i> received Tony nominations in both 1983 and 1995, winning for best revival in 1995 (among numerous other awards and nominations), and won the <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurence Olivier Award">Laurence Olivier Award</a> for best revival in 2008. In 1986, <i><a href="/wiki/Big_Deal_(musical)" title="Big Deal (musical)">Big Deal</a></i> was nominated for the Tony for best musical, among other awards, and Bob Fosse won as best choreographer. In 2000, <i><a href="/wiki/Swing!" title="Swing!">Swing!</a></i>, featuring Kern's "I Won't Dance" was nominated for the Tony for Best Musical, among others. In 2002, <i><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Stritch_at_Liberty" title="Elaine Stritch at Liberty">Elaine Stritch at Liberty</a></i>, featuring Kern's "All in Fun", won the Tony Award for Best Special Theatrical Event. In 2004, <i><a href="/wiki/Never_Gonna_Dance" title="Never Gonna Dance">Never Gonna Dance</a></i> received two Tony nominations. </p><p>Kern was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Songwriters Hall of Fame">Songwriters Hall of Fame</a> posthumously, in 1970. In 1985, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Postal_Service" title="United States Postal Service">U.S. Post Office</a> issued a postage stamp (Scott #2110, 22¢), with an illustration of Kern holding sheet music. The <a href="/wiki/Grateful_Dead" title="Grateful Dead">Grateful Dead</a> guitarist <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Garcia" title="Jerry Garcia">Jerry Garcia</a> was named after Kern by his Dixieland bandleader father.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song">Academy Award for Best Original Song</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Academy Award for Best Original Song"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1935 – Nominated for "Lovely to Look At" (lyrics by Dorothy Fields and Jimmy McHugh) from <i>Roberta</i></li> <li>1936 – <b>Won</b> for "<a href="/wiki/The_Way_You_Look_Tonight" title="The Way You Look Tonight">The Way You Look Tonight</a>" (lyrics by Dorothy Fields) from <i>Swing Time</i></li> <li>1941 – <b>Won</b> for "<a href="/wiki/The_Last_Time_I_Saw_Paris_(song)" title="The Last Time I Saw Paris (song)">The Last Time I Saw Paris</a>" (lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II) from <i>Lady Be Good</i></li> <li>1942 – Nominated for "Dearly Beloved" (lyrics by Johnny Mercer) from <i>You Were Never Lovelier</i>.</li> <li>1944 – Nominated for "<a href="/wiki/Long_Ago_(and_Far_Away)" title="Long Ago (and Far Away)">Long Ago (and Far Away)</a>" (lyrics by Ira Gershwin) from <i>Cover Girl</i></li> <li>1945 – Posthumously nominated for "More and More" (lyrics by E. Y. Harburg) from <i><a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Help_Singing" title="Can't Help Singing">Can't Help Singing</a></i></li> <li>1946 – Posthumously nominated for "All Through the Day" (lyrics by Oscar Hammerstein II) from <i><a href="/wiki/Centennial_Summer" title="Centennial Summer">Centennial Summer</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Music_Score">Academy Award for Best Original Music Score</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Academy Award for Best Original Music Score"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1945 – Posthumously nominated for <i>Can't Help Singing</i> (with H. J. Salter).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_works">Selected works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Selected works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Note: All shows listed are musical comedies for which Kern was the sole composer unless otherwise specified. </p><p>During his first phase of work (1904–1911), Kern wrote songs for 22 Broadway productions, including songs interpolated into British musicals or featured in <a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">revues</a> (sometimes writing lyrics as well as music), and he occasionally co-wrote musicals with one or two other composers. During visits to London beginning in 1905, he also composed songs that were first performed in several London shows. The following are some of the most notable such shows from this period:<sup id="cite_ref-grove_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grove-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Mr. Wix of Wickham</i> (1904) – contributed most of the songs for this musical's New York production</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Catch_of_the_Season" title="The Catch of the Season">The Catch of the Season</a></i> (1905) – contributor to this <a href="/wiki/Seymour_Hicks" title="Seymour Hicks">Seymour Hicks</a> musical's New York production</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Earl_and_the_Girl" title="The Earl and the Girl">The Earl and the Girl</a></i> (1905) – contributor of music and lyrics to this Hicks and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Caryll" title="Ivan Caryll">Ivan Caryll</a> musical's American productions</li> <li><i>The Little Cherub</i> (1906) – contributor to this Caryll and <a href="/wiki/Owen_Hall" title="Owen Hall">Owen Hall</a> musical's New York production</li> <li><i>The Rich Mr. Hoggenheimer</i> (1906) – contributor of eight songs</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Beauty_of_Bath" title="The Beauty of Bath">The Beauty of Bath</a></i> (1906) – contributor to the original London production of this Hicks musical, with lyricist P. G. Wodehouse</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Orchid" title="The Orchid">The Orchid</a></i> (1907) – contributor to this Caryll and <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Monckton" title="Lionel Monckton">Lionel Monckton</a> musical's New York production</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Girls_of_Gottenberg" title="The Girls of Gottenberg">The Girls of Gottenberg</a></i> (1908) – contributor of "I Can't Say That You're The Only One" to this Caryll and Monckton musical's New York production</li> <li><i>Fluffy Ruffles</i> (1908) – co-composer for eight out of ten songs</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dollar_Princess" title="The Dollar Princess">The Dollar Princess</a></i> (1909) – contributor of songs for American production</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Miss_Gibbs" title="Our Miss Gibbs">Our Miss Gibbs</a></i> (1910) – contributor of four songs and some lyrics to this Caryll and Monckton musical's New York production</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Belle_Paree" title="La Belle Paree">La Belle Paree</a></i> (1911) – <a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">revue</a> – co-composer for seven songs; the Broadway debut of <a href="/wiki/Al_Jolson" title="Al Jolson">Al Jolson</a></li></ul> <p>From 1912 to 1924, the more-experienced Kern began to work on dramatically concerned shows, including <a href="/wiki/Incidental_music" title="Incidental music">incidental music</a> for plays, and, for the first time since his college show <i>Uncle Tom's Cabin</i>, he wrote musicals as the sole composer. His regular lyricist collaborators for his more than 30 shows during this period were Bolton, Wodehouse, Caldwell, <a href="/wiki/Harry_B._Smith" title="Harry B. Smith">Harry B. Smith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Dietz" title="Howard Dietz">Howard Dietz</a>. Some of his most notable shows during this very productive period were as follows: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <ul><li><i>The "Mind-the-Paint" Girl</i> (1912 play; starring <a href="/wiki/Billie_Burke" title="Billie Burke">Billie Burke</a>) – <a href="/wiki/Incidental_music" title="Incidental music">incidental music</a></li> <li><i>The Red Petticoat</i> (1912) – Kern's first complete score</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To-Night%27s_the_Night_(musical)" title="To-Night's the Night (musical)">To-Night's the Night</a></i> (1914) – contributor of two songs to this Rubens musical</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Girl_from_Utah" title="The Girl from Utah">The Girl from Utah</a></i> (1914) – added five songs to the American production of this Rubens musical</li> <li><i>Nobody Home</i> (1915) – the first "Princess Theatre show"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Very_Good_Eddie" title="Very Good Eddie">Very Good Eddie</a></i> (1915; revived in 1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies" title="Ziegfeld Follies">Ziegfeld Follies</a> of 1916</i> (1916; a <a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">revue</a>; the first of many) – contributed four songs</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theodore_%26_Co" title="Theodore & Co">Theodore & Co</a></i> (1916) – contributed four songs to young <a href="/wiki/Ivor_Novello" title="Ivor Novello">Ivor Novello</a>'s London hit.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Miss_1917" title="Miss 1917">Miss 1917</a></i> - the musical comedy</li> <li><i>Miss Springtime</i> (1917) – contributor of two songs to this <a href="/wiki/Emmerich_Kalman" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmerich Kalman">Emmerich Kalman</a> success</li> <li><i>Have a Heart</i> (1917) – composer and contributor of some lyrics<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_O%27_Mike" title="Love O' Mike">Love O' Mike</a></i> (1917)</li></ul> </td> <td class="col-break"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oh,_Boy!_(musical)" title="Oh, Boy! (musical)">Oh, Boy!</a></i> (1917) – the most successful Princess Theatre show</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Follies" title="Ziegfeld Follies">Ziegfeld Follies</a> of 1917</i> (1917) – contributor of "Because You Are Just You (Just Because You're You)"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leave_It_to_Jane" title="Leave It to Jane">Leave It to Jane</a></i> (1917; revived in 1958 Off-Broadway)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oh,_Lady!_Lady!!" title="Oh, Lady! Lady!!">Oh, Lady! Lady!!</a></i> (1918) – the last Princess Theatre hit</li> <li>"Oh, My Dear" (1918) – contributed one song to this last "Princess Theatre show"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_Boat" title="The Night Boat">The Night Boat</a></i> (1920)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hitchy-Koo" title="Hitchy-Koo">Hitchy-Koo</a> of 1920</i> (1920) – <a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">revue</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sally_(musical)" title="Sally (musical)">Sally</a></i> (1920; revived in 1923 and 1948) – one of Kern's biggest hits</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cabaret_Girl" title="The Cabaret Girl">The Cabaret Girl</a></i> (London 1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bunch_and_Judy" title="The Bunch and Judy">The Bunch and Judy</a></i> (1922) – Kern's first show with <a href="/wiki/Fred_Astaire" title="Fred Astaire">Fred Astaire</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stepping_Stones_(musical)" title="Stepping Stones (musical)">Stepping Stones</a></i> (1923)</li></ul> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>During the last phase of his theatrical composing career, Kern continued to work with his previous collaborators but also met Oscar Hammerstein II and Otto Harbach, with whom Kern wrote his most lasting, memorable, and well-known works. The most successful of these are as follows: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunny_(musical)" title="Sunny (musical)">Sunny</a></i> (1925) – a follow-up to <i>Sally</i> and almost as big a hit; first collaboration with Hammerstein and Harbach</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Criss_Cross_(musical)" title="Criss Cross (musical)">Criss Cross</a></i> (1926) – with Harbach</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Show_Boat" title="Show Boat">Show Boat</a></i> (1927; revived frequently) – with Hammerstein</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Eyes_(musical)" title="Blue Eyes (musical)">Blue Eyes</a></i> (1928; London)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Adeline_(musical)" title="Sweet Adeline (musical)">Sweet Adeline</a></i> (1929) – with Hammerstein</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cat_and_the_Fiddle_(musical)" title="The Cat and the Fiddle (musical)">The Cat and the Fiddle</a></i> (1931) – Kern collaborated with Harbach the music, book and lyrics</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_in_the_Air" title="Music in the Air">Music in the Air</a></i> (1932; revived in 1951) – composer and co-<a href="/wiki/Theater_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater director">director</a> with Hammerstein</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roberta_(musical)" title="Roberta (musical)">Roberta</a></i> (1933) – with Harbach (remade as <i><a href="/wiki/Lovely_to_Look_At" title="Lovely to Look At">Lovely to Look At</a></i> (1952))<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Three Sisters</i> (1934; London)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mamba%27s_Daughters" title="Mamba's Daughters">Mamba's Daughters</a></i> (1939; revived in 1940) – <a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">play</a> – featured songwriter</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Very_Warm_for_May" title="Very Warm for May">Very Warm for May</a></i> (1939) – with Hammerstein; Kern's last stage musical, and a failure</li></ul> <p>In addition to revivals of his most popular shows, Kern's music has been posthumously featured in a variety of revues, musicals and concerts on and off Broadway. </p> <ul><li><i>Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood</i> (1986) – Broadway revue consisting solely of Kern songs with lyrics by twelve different writers</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Big_Deal_(musical)" title="Big Deal (musical)">Big Deal</a></i> (1986) – a <a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> dance revue; includes "Pick Yourself Up"</li> <li><i>Something Wonderful</i> (1995) – concert celebrating <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a>'s 100th birthday – featured composer</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dream_(musical)" title="Dream (musical)">Dream</a></i> (1997) – <a href="/wiki/Revue" title="Revue">revue</a> – includes "You Were Never Lovelier", "I'm Old Fashioned", and "Dearly Beloved"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Swing!" title="Swing!">Swing!</a></i> (1999) – dance revue; includes "I Won't Dance"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Stritch" title="Elaine Stritch">Elaine Stritch</a> at Liberty</i> (2002) – one-woman show; included "All In Fun"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Never_Gonna_Dance" title="Never Gonna Dance">Never Gonna Dance</a></i> (2003) – musical consisting solely of songs composed by Kern, with lyrics by nine different writers</li> <li><i>Jerome Kern: All the Things You Are</i> (2008) – K T Sullivan's revue biography of Kern featuring Kern's songs</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Come_Fly_Away" title="Come Fly Away">Come Fly Away</a></i> – a <a href="/wiki/Twyla_Tharp" title="Twyla Tharp">Twyla Tharp</a> dance revue; includes "Pick Yourself Up"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kern's_songs"><span id="Kern.27s_songs"></span>Kern's songs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Kern's songs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Jerome_Kern_songs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Jerome Kern songs">List of Jerome Kern songs</a></div> <p>Among the more than 700 songs by Kern are such classics as "<a href="/wiki/They_Didn%27t_Believe_Me" title="They Didn't Believe Me">They Didn't Believe Me</a>" (1914), "<a href="/wiki/Look_for_the_Silver_Lining" title="Look for the Silver Lining">Look for the Silver Lining</a>" (1920), "<a href="/wiki/Ol%27_Man_River" title="Ol' Man River">Ol' Man River</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Help_Lovin%27_Dat_Man" title="Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man">Can't Help Lovin' Dat Man</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Make_Believe_(Jerome_Kern_song)" title="Make Believe (Jerome Kern song)">Make Believe</a>", "<a href="/wiki/You_Are_Love" title="You Are Love">You Are Love</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Bill_(Show_Boat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill (Show Boat)">Bill</a>" (all from <i>Show Boat</i>, 1927), "<a href="/wiki/The_Song_Is_You" title="The Song Is You">The Song Is You</a>" (1932), "<a href="/wiki/Smoke_Gets_in_Your_Eyes" title="Smoke Gets in Your Eyes">Smoke Gets in Your Eyes</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Yesterdays_(1933_song)" title="Yesterdays (1933 song)">Yesterdays</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Begin" title="Let's Begin">Let's Begin</a>" (all from <i>Roberta</i>, 1933), "<a href="/wiki/I_Won%27t_Dance" title="I Won't Dance">I Won't Dance</a>" (1935), "<a href="/wiki/A_Fine_Romance_(song)" title="A Fine Romance (song)">A Fine Romance</a>" and the Academy Award-winning "<a href="/wiki/The_Way_You_Look_Tonight" title="The Way You Look Tonight">The Way You Look Tonight</a>" (both from <i>Swing Time</i>, 1936), "<a href="/wiki/All_the_Things_You_Are" title="All the Things You Are">All the Things You Are</a>" (1939) and "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Old_Fashioned" title="I'm Old Fashioned">I'm Old Fashioned</a>" (1942).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another Oscar winner was "<a href="/wiki/The_Last_Time_I_Saw_Paris_(song)" title="The Last Time I Saw Paris (song)">The Last Time I Saw Paris</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-nyt_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Kern's last hits was "<a href="/wiki/Long_Ago_(and_Far_Away)" title="Long Ago (and Far Away)">Long Ago (and Far Away)</a>" (1944).<sup id="cite_ref-HCover_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HCover-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nyt-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0127.html">"Jerome Kern Dies; Noted Composer, 60"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200607182051/https://www.nytimes.com/section/learning">Archived</a> June 7, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>, November 12, 1945</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-baker-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-baker_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-baker_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Slonimsky, Nicholas and Laura Kuhn (ed). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bakr.alexanderstreet.com/View/673896">Kern, Jerome (David)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707104617/http://bakr.alexanderstreet.com/View/673896">Archived</a> July 7, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians</i>, Volume 3 (Schirmer Reference, New York, 2001), accessed May 10, 2010 (requires subscription)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grove-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grove_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Byrnside, Ronald and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lamb_(writer)" title="Andrew Lamb (writer)">Andrew Lamb</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/14917?q=jerome+kern&source=omo_epm&source=omo_t237&source=omo_gmo&source=omo_t114&search=quick&pos=1&_start=1#firsthit">"Kern, Jerome (David)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200531065116/http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/14917?q=jerome+kern&source=omo_epm&source=omo_t237&source=omo_gmo&source=omo_t114&search=quick&pos=1&_start=1#firsthit">Archived</a> May 31, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Grove Online</i>, Oxford Music Online, accessed May 10, 2010 (requires subscription).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetomusicaltheatre.com/biographies/kernjerome.htm">Jerome Kern</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009095601/http://www.guidetomusicaltheatre.com/biographies/kernjerome.htm">Archived</a> October 9, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at GuidetoMusicalTheatre.com, accessed May 17, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-who-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-who_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-who_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-who_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whowaswho/U227709/KERN_Jerome?index=1&results=QuicksearchResults&query=0">"Kern, Jerome David"</a>. <i>Who Was Who</i>, accessed May 10, 2010 (requires subscription)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bordman, Gerald and Thomas Hischak, eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t149.e1700">"Kern, Jerome (David)"</a>. <i>The Oxford Companion to American Theatre</i>, third edition, Oxford University Press 2004. Oxford Reference Online, accessed May 15, 2010 (requires subscription)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield, pp. 13-14; Blackman, p. 10; and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.swanwalton.com">Official website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230322022801/http://www.swanwalton.com/">Archived</a> March 22, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The Swan at Walton-on-Thames, History, accessed May 12, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-banfield50-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-banfield50_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-banfield50_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield, p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bordman-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bordman_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bordman_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bordman_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bordman_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bordman_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bordman, Gerald. "Jerome David Kern, Innovator/Traditionalist", <i>The Musical Quarterly</i>, Volume 71, no. 4, April 1985, pp. 468-73</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenrick, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicals101.com/1910bway.htm">"Jerome Kern: 'They Didn't Believe Me'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009095512/http://www.musicals101.com/1910bway.htm">Archived</a> October 9, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>History of The Musical Stage, 1910-1919: Part I</i>, The Cyber Encyclopedia of Musical Theatre, TV and Film (2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Denison, pp. 21–22; and McLean, p. 98</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E0CE5DE1F3EE733A0575AC0A9639C946496D6CF">"Theatre District Mourns Frohman"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305114025/https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9E0CE5DE1F3EE733A0575AC0A9639C946496D6CF">Archived</a> March 5, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>, May 9, 1915, p. 3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kenrick-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kenrick_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kenrick_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenrick, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicals101.com/1910bway.htm"><i>History of The Musical Stage 1910-1919: Part I</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009095512/http://www.musicals101.com/1910bway.htm">Archived</a> October 9, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, accessed May 11, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bloom-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bloom_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bloom and Vlastnik, pp. 230–31</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oh, Boy!</i> was staged in London as <i>Oh, Joy!</i> in 1919 at the <a href="/wiki/Novelty_Theatre" title="Novelty Theatre">Kingsway Theatre</a>, where it ran for 167 performances: see Jasen, p. 279</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Because <i>Oh Boy!</i> was a hit at the Princess, <i>Leave It to Jane</i> opened at the <a href="/wiki/Longacre_Theatre" title="Longacre Theatre">Longacre Theatre</a> instead.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKernBoltonWodehouse1918" class="citation web cs1">Kern, Jerome; Bolton, Guy; Wodehouse, P. G. (Pelham Grenville) (October 8, 1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/ohladylady00kernj">"Oh, Lady! Lady!"</a>. <i>Archive.org</i>. New York : T.B. Harms<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archive.org&rft.atitle=Oh%2C+Lady%21+Lady%21&rft.date=1918-10-08&rft.aulast=Kern&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.au=Bolton%2C+Guy&rft.au=Wodehouse%2C+P.+G.+%28Pelham+Grenville%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fohladylady00kernj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Kern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The poem is patterned after "<a href="/wiki/Baseball%27s_Sad_Lexicon" title="Baseball's Sad Lexicon">Baseball's Sad Lexicon</a>", about the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a>' infield. See Frankos, Laura. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nypl.org/blog/2012/08/27/musical-month-oh-boy">"Musical of the Month: <i>Oh, Boy!</i>"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151101013625/http://www.nypl.org/blog/2012/08/27/musical-month-oh-boy">Archived</a> November 1, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Library" title="New York Public Library">New York Public Library</a>, August 27, 2012, accessed September 11, 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steyn, Mark. "Musical debt to a very good Guy", <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i>, November 28, 1984, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>quoted</i> in Green, Benny, p. 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Suskin, Steven. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_usBBxC_TQC&q=Kern+wodehouse+%22Princess+Theatre%22+%22Lady+Lady%22+%22continued+to+work+individually+with+Bolton%22&pg=PA10"><i>Show tunes: the songs, shows, and careers of Broadway's major composers</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230628064043/https://books.google.com/books?id=Z_usBBxC_TQC&q=Kern+wodehouse+%22Princess+Theatre%22+%22Lady+Lady%22+%22continued+to+work+individually+with+Bolton%22&pg=PA10">Archived</a> June 28, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Oxford University Press U.S., 2000, p. 10 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-512599-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-512599-1">0-19-512599-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>, September 24, 1922, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oepm-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oepm_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oepm_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oepm_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com:80/subscriber/article/epm/14926">"Kern, Jerome"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of Popular Music</i>, Oxford Music Online, accessed May 11, 2010 (requires subscription)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Steyn, Mark. "Melodies that will always linger on", <i>The Times</i>, January 22, 1985, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenrick, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicals101.com/1920bway.htm">"Keep the Sun Smilin' Through"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230630024951/http://www.musicals101.com/1920bway.htm">Archived</a> June 30, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>History of The Musical Stage</i>, accessed May 11, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kenrickshowboat-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kenrickshowboat_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kenrickshowboat_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenrick, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicals101.com/1920bway5.htm">"Three Landmarks"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230718135717/http://www.musicals101.com/1920bway5.htm">Archived</a> July 18, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>History of The Musical Stage</i>, accessed May 11, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green, Kay, p. 26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The London production overcame a tepid review in <i>The Times</i> (May 4, 1928, p. 14) which praised the scenery at the expense of everything else, and barely mentioned Kern's music.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, September 16, 1929, p. 10; June 11, 1936; and June 15, 1951, p. 6</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0201928/">"Show Boat"</a>. <i>IMDb.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090424233243/http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0201928/">Archived</a> from the original on April 24, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb.com&rft.atitle=Show+Boat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0201928%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Kern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brantley, Ben. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theater.nytimes.com/mem/theater/treview.html(PLAY)&pdate=19970215&byline=By%20BEN%20BRANTLEY&id=1077011431622">"In the Wake of 'Showboat,' a Showcase for Voice"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>, February 15, 1997, accessed May 14, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Sale Room", <i>The Times</i>, October 20, 1928, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-times-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-times_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Obituary, Mr. Jerome Kern", <i>The Times</i>, February 17, 1947, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicals101.com/1930film.htm">"History of Musical Film, 1930s: Part I: 'Hip, Hooray and Ballyhoo'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161215151753/http://www.musicals101.com/1930film.htm">Archived</a> December 15, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Musicals101.com, 2003, accessed May 17, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Observer,</i> March 6, 1932, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield, p. 221</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield p. 219</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Observer</i>, April 15, 1934, p. 17</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey, Dennis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.variety.com/review/VE1117910503.html?categoryid=33&cs=1">"Three Sisters"</a>. <i>Variety</i>, November 27, 1995, accessed May 14, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield, p. 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield comments in this context, "Hammerstein had, after all, spent far more time in and around London than he ever did in Oklahoma": Banfield, p. 224</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kenrick, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicals101.com/1930film2.htm">"History of Musical Film, 1930s Part II"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230407133945/http://www.musicals101.com/1930film2.htm">Archived</a> April 7, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Musicals101.com, 2004, accessed May 17, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield, p. 55</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hischak, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t282.e891">"I Dream Too Much"</a>. <i>The Oxford Companion to the American Musical</i>, Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford Reference Online, accessed May 15, 2010 (requires subscription)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hischak, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t282.e1539-s1">"Roberta"</a>. <i>The Oxford Companion to the American Musical</i>, Oxford University Press 2009, Oxford Reference Online, accessed May 15, 2010 (requires subscription)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hischak, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t282.e1770">"Swing Time"</a>. <i>The Oxford Companion to the American Musical</i>, Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford Reference Online, accessed May 15, 2010 (requires subscription)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hischak, Thomas <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t282.e1995">"You Were Never Lovelier"</a>, <i>The Oxford Companion to the American Musical</i>, Oxford University Press 2009, Oxford Reference Online, accessed May 15, 2010 (requires subscription)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HCover-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HCover_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HCover_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hischak, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t282.e416">"Cover Girl"</a>. <i>The Oxford Companion to the American Musical</i>, Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford Reference Online, accessed May 15, 2010 (requires subscription)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hischak, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t282.e297">"Can't Help Singing"</a>. <i>The Oxford Companion to the American Musical</i>, Oxford University Press 2009. Oxford Reference Online, accessed May 15, 2010 (requires subscription)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hischak, Thomas. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordreference.com/views/ENTRY.html?subview=Main&entry=t282.e335">"Centennial Summer"</a>. <i>The Oxford Companion to the American Musical</i>, Oxford University Press 2009, Oxford Reference Online, accessed May 15, 2010 (requires subscription)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield, p. 302</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield, pp. 292–93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nndb.com/people/262/000165764/">Jerome Kern</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200531065122/http://www.nndb.com/people/262/000165764/">Archived</a> May 31, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the NNDB database, accessed May 17, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i>, February 7, 1947, p. 8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/till_the_clouds_roll_by">"<i>Till the Clouds Roll By</i>"</a>, credits, Internet Archive, accessed June 4, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/till_the_clouds_roll_by/">"<i>Till the Clouds Roll By</i>"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731165045/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/till_the_clouds_roll_by">Archived</a> July 31, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Rotten Tomatoes, accessed June 4, 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sleeve notes, Atlantic LP ALS 409 "George Byron Sings Jerome Kern", 1952</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugh_Fordin,_Stephen_Sondheim1995" class="citation book cs1">Hugh Fordin, Stephen Sondheim (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jPnW73J9xBMC&pg=PA237"><i>Getting to Know Him: A Biography of Oscar Hammerstein II</i></a>. Da Capo Press. p. 237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-80668-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-80668-1"><bdi>0-306-80668-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Getting+to+Know+Him%3A+A+Biography+of+Oscar+Hammerstein+II&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-306-80668-1&rft.au=Hugh+Fordin%2C+Stephen+Sondheim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjPnW73J9xBMC%26pg%3DPA237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Kern" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://idnc.library.illinois.edu/?a=d&d=NYC19181225.2.80&srpos=3&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN-%22Jerry+Kern%22---------">"Jerry Kern Is a Daddy"</a>. <i>New York Clipper</i>. December 25, 1918. p. 19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230402010543/https://idnc.library.illinois.edu/?a=d&d=NYC19181225.2.80&srpos=3&e=-------en-20--1--img-txIN-%22Jerry+Kern%22---------">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 1,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Clipper&rft.atitle=Jerry+Kern+Is+a+Daddy&rft.pages=19&rft.date=1918-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fidnc.library.illinois.edu%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DNYC19181225.2.80%26srpos%3D3%26e%3D-------en-20--1--img-txIN-%2522Jerry%2BKern%2522---------&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Kern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Banfield, p. 14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dougherty, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://people.com/archive/cover-story-what-a-long-strange-trip-vol-44-no-8">"What a Long, Strange Trip"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230628064042/https://people.com/archive/cover-story-what-a-long-strange-trip-vol-44-no-8">Archived</a> June 28, 2023, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>People</i>, August 21, 1995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKernBoltonWodehouse1917" class="citation web cs1">Kern, Jerome; Bolton, Guy; Wodehouse, P. G. (Pelham Grenville) (October 8, 1917). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/haveheartvocalsc00kern">"Have a heart : vocal score"</a>. <i>Archive.org</i>. New York : T.B. Harms : Francis, Day & Hunter<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archive.org&rft.atitle=Have+a+heart+%3A+vocal+score&rft.date=1917-10-08&rft.aulast=Kern&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft.au=Bolton%2C+Guy&rft.au=Wodehouse%2C+P.+G.+%28Pelham+Grenville%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhaveheartvocalsc00kern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Kern" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An abridged version of <i>Roberta</i> was presented on television in 1969 with Bob Hope, who was a member of the original cast.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.songhall.org/profile/Jerome_Kern">"Jerome Kern"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603065609/https://www.songhall.org/profile/Jerome_Kern">Archived</a> June 3, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Songwriters_Hall_of_Fame" title="Songwriters Hall of Fame">Songwriters Hall of Fame</a>, accessed June 26, 2020</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilliland1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Gilliland" title="John Gilliland">Gilliland, John</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/partners/UNTML/browse/?start=2&fq=untl_collection%3AJGPC"><i>Pop Chronicles the 40s: The Lively Story of Pop Music in the 40s</i></a> (audiobook). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55935-147-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55935-147-8"><bdi>978-1-55935-147-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/31611854">31611854</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pop+Chronicles+the+40s%3A+The+Lively+Story+of+Pop+Music+in+the+40s&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F31611854&rft.isbn=978-1-55935-147-8&rft.aulast=Gilliland&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.unt.edu%2Fexplore%2Fpartners%2FUNTML%2Fbrowse%2F%3Fstart%3D2%26fq%3Duntl_collection%253AJGPC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJerome+Kern" class="Z3988"></span> Tape 2, side A.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Banfield, Stephen and Geoffrey Holden Block. <i>Jerome Kern</i>, New Haven, Connecticut, Yale University Press, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11047-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11047-0">978-0-300-11047-0</a></li> <li>Blackman, Michael Ernest (1989). <i>A short history of Walton-on-Thames</i>, Walton and Weybridge Local History Society. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/24159639">24159639</a>.</li> <li>Block, G. "Show Boat: In the Beginning", <i>Enchanted Evenings: the Broadway Musical from 'Show Boat' to Sondheim</i> (New York, 1997), pp, 19–40; 319–24</li> <li>Bloom, Ken and Vlastnik, Frank. <i>Broadway Musicals: The 101 Greatest Shows of all Time.</i> Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, New York, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57912-390-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-57912-390-2">1-57912-390-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Bordman" title="Gerald Bordman">Bordman, Gerald</a>. <i>Jerome Kern: his Life and Music</i> (New York, 1980)</li> <li>Davis, L. <i>Bolton and Wodehouse and Kern: the Men who made Musical Comedy</i> (New York, 1993)</li> <li>Denison, Chuck, and Duncan Schiedt. <i>The Great American Songbook</i>. Bandon, Oregon, Robert D. Reed Publishers, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-931741-42-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-931741-42-2">978-1-931741-42-2</a>.</li> <li>Ewen, D. <i>The World of Jerome Kern</i> (New York, 1960)</li> <li>Fordin, Hugh. <i>Jerome Kern: the Man and his Music</i> Santa Monica, CA, 1975</li> <li>Freedland, M. <i>Jerome Kern: a Biography</i> (London, 1978)</li> <li>Green, Benny. <i>P. G. Wodehouse – A Literary Biography</i>, Pavilion Books, London, 1981. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907516-04-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-907516-04-1">0-907516-04-1</a></li> <li>Green, Kay (ed.) <i>Broadway Musicals, Show by Show</i>, Hal Leonard Corporation, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-793577-50-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-793577-50-0">0-793577-50-0</a></li> <li>Jasen, David. <i>P. G. Wodehouse – Portrait of a Master</i>, Garnstone Press, London, 1972. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85511-190-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85511-190-9">0-85511-190-9</a></li> <li>Lamb, Andrew. <i>Jerome Kern in Edwardian London</i> (Littlehampton, 1981; 1985)</li> <li>McLean, Lorraine Arnal. <i>Dorothy Donnelly</i>. Jefferson, North Carolina, McFarlan, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0677-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-0677-7">978-0-7864-0677-7</a>.</li> <li>Wilder, A. <i>American Popular Song: the Great Innovators, 1900–1950</i> (New York, 1972)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Jerome_Kern" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Jerome Kern">Author:Jerome Kern</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jerome_Kern" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jerome Kern">Jerome Kern</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080402041908/http://www.songwritershalloffame.org/exhibit_home_page.asp?exhibitId=67">Jerome Kern's biography</a> at the "Songwriters Hall of Fame".</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/6711">Jerome Kern</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313270#P1220" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobdb.com/CreditableEntity/11862">Jerome Kern</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Off-Broadway_Database" title="Internet Off-Broadway Database">Internet Off-Broadway Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0006153/">Jerome Kern</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071017103228/http://dorothyfields.co.uk/fieldsonkern.htm">"Dorothy Fields on Kern"</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dorothyfields.co.uk/">Dorothy Fields website</a>; describes circumstances of the composer's death.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.loc.gov/loc.music/eadmus.mu002004">Jerome Kern Collection</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102963">Jerome Kern recordings</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Discography_of_American_Historical_Recordings" title="Discography of American Historical Recordings">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Kern,_Jerome" class="extiw" title="scores:Category:Kern, Jerome">Free scores by Jerome Kern</a> at the <a href="/wiki/International_Music_Score_Library_Project" title="International Music Score Library Project">International Music Score Library Project</a> (IMSLP)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song" title="Template:Academy Award for Best 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Continental (song)">The Continental</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Con_Conrad" title="Con Conrad">Con Conrad</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Herb_Magidson" title="Herb Magidson">Herb Magidson</a> (1934)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lullaby_of_Broadway_(song)" title="Lullaby of Broadway (song)">Lullaby of Broadway</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warren" title="Harry Warren">Harry Warren</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Al_Dubin" title="Al Dubin">Al Dubin</a> (1935)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Way_You_Look_Tonight" title="The Way You Look Tonight">The Way You Look Tonight</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerome Kern</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Fields" title="Dorothy Fields">Dorothy Fields</a> (1936)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sweet_Leilani" title="Sweet Leilani">Sweet Leilani</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Owens" title="Harry Owens">Harry Owens</a> (1937)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thanks_for_the_Memory" title="Thanks for the Memory">Thanks for the Memory</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Rainger" title="Ralph Rainger">Ralph Rainger</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Leo_Robin" title="Leo Robin">Leo Robin</a> (1938)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Over_the_Rainbow" title="Over the Rainbow">Over the Rainbow</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Harold_Arlen" title="Harold Arlen">Harold Arlen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Yip_Harburg" title="Yip Harburg">E. Y. Harburg</a> (1939)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_You_Wish_Upon_a_Star" title="When You Wish Upon a Star">When You Wish Upon a Star</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Harline" title="Leigh Harline">Leigh Harline</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ned_Washington" title="Ned Washington">Ned Washington</a> (1940)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1941–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Last_Time_I_Saw_Paris_(song)" title="The Last Time I Saw Paris (song)">The Last Time I Saw Paris</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jerome Kern</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a> (1941)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/White_Christmas_(song)" title="White Christmas (song)">White Christmas</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a> (1942)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_Never_Know" title="You'll Never Know">You'll Never Know</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warren" title="Harry Warren">Harry Warren</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Mack_Gordon" title="Mack Gordon">Mack Gordon</a> (1943)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Swinging_on_a_Star" title="Swinging on a Star">Swinging on a Star</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Van_Heusen" title="Jimmy Van Heusen">Jimmy Van Heusen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Burke_(lyricist)" title="Johnny Burke (lyricist)">Johnny Burke</a> (1944)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It_Might_as_Well_Be_Spring" title="It Might as Well Be Spring">It Might as Well Be Spring</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers" title="Richard Rodgers">Richard Rodgers</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Hammerstein_II" title="Oscar Hammerstein II">Oscar Hammerstein II</a> (1945)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_the_Atchison,_Topeka_and_the_Santa_Fe" title="On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe">On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Harry_Warren" title="Harry Warren">Harry Warren</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1946)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah" title="Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah">Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Allie_Wrubel" title="Allie Wrubel">Allie Wrubel</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Gilbert" title="Ray Gilbert">Ray Gilbert</a> (1947)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Buttons_and_Bows" title="Buttons and Bows">Buttons and Bows</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jay_Livingston" title="Jay Livingston">Jay Livingston</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Evans" title="Ray Evans">Ray Evans</a> (1948)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Baby,_It%27s_Cold_Outside" title="Baby, It's Cold Outside">Baby, It's Cold Outside</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Frank_Loesser" title="Frank Loesser">Frank Loesser</a> (1949)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mona_Lisa_(Nat_King_Cole_song)" title="Mona Lisa (Nat King Cole song)">Mona Lisa</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ray_Evans" title="Ray Evans">Ray Evans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jay_Livingston" title="Jay Livingston">Jay Livingston</a> (1950)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1960</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Cool,_Cool,_Cool_of_the_Evening" title="In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening">In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Hoagy_Carmichael" title="Hoagy Carmichael">Hoagy Carmichael</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1951)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_High_Noon" title="The Ballad of High Noon">High Noon (Do Not Forsake Me, Oh My Darlin')</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Tiomkin" title="Dimitri Tiomkin">Dimitri Tiomkin</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ned_Washington" title="Ned Washington">Ned Washington</a> (1952)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Secret_Love_(Doris_Day_song)" title="Secret Love (Doris Day song)">Secret Love</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Fain" title="Sammy Fain">Sammy Fain</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Francis_Webster" title="Paul Francis Webster">Paul Francis Webster</a> (1953)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Three_Coins_in_the_Fountain_(song)" title="Three Coins in the Fountain (song)">Three Coins in the Fountain</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jule_Styne" title="Jule Styne">Jule Styne</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a> (1954)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Is_a_Many-Splendored_Thing_(song)" title="Love Is a Many-Splendored Thing (song)">Love Is a Many Splendored Thing</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Fain" title="Sammy Fain">Sammy Fain</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Francis_Webster" title="Paul Francis Webster">Paul Francis Webster</a> (1955)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Que_Sera,_Sera_(Whatever_Will_Be,_Will_Be)" title="Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)">Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Jay_Livingston" title="Jay Livingston">Jay Livingston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ray_Evans" title="Ray Evans">Ray Evans</a> (1956)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_the_Way_(Frank_Sinatra_song)" title="All the Way (Frank Sinatra song)">All the Way</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Van_Heusen" title="Jimmy Van Heusen">Jimmy Van Heusen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a> (1957)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gigi_(song)" title="Gigi (song)">Gigi</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Loewe" title="Frederick Loewe">Frederick Loewe</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Jay_Lerner" title="Alan Jay Lerner">Alan Jay Lerner</a> (1958)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/High_Hopes_(Frank_Sinatra_song)" title="High Hopes (Frank Sinatra song)">High Hopes</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Van_Heusen" title="Jimmy Van Heusen">Jimmy Van Heusen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a> (1959)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Never_on_Sunday_(song)" title="Never on Sunday (song)">Never on Sunday</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Manos_Hatzidakis" title="Manos Hatzidakis">Manos Hatzidakis</a> (1960)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1961–1970</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Moon_River" title="Moon River">Moon River</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1961)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Days_of_Wine_and_Roses_(song)" title="Days of Wine and Roses (song)">Days of Wine and Roses</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Henry_Mancini" title="Henry Mancini">Henry Mancini</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mercer" title="Johnny Mercer">Johnny Mercer</a> (1962)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Call_Me_Irresponsible" title="Call Me Irresponsible">Call Me Irresponsible</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Van_Heusen" title="Jimmy Van Heusen">Jimmy Van Heusen</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Sammy_Cahn" title="Sammy Cahn">Sammy Cahn</a> (1963)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chim_Chim_Cher-ee" title="Chim Chim Cher-ee">Chim Chim Cher-ee</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Sherman" title="Richard M. Sherman">Richard M. Sherman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_B._Sherman" title="Robert B. Sherman">Robert B. Sherman</a> (1964)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_Your_Smile" title="The Shadow of Your Smile">The Shadow of Your Smile</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Mandel" title="Johnny Mandel">Johnny Mandel</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Francis_Webster" title="Paul Francis Webster">Paul Francis Webster</a> (1965)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Born_Free_(Matt_Monro_song)" title="Born Free (Matt Monro song)">Born Free</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/John_Barry_(composer)" title="John Barry (composer)">John Barry</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(lyricist)" title="Don Black (lyricist)">Don Black</a> (1966)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Talk_to_the_Animals" title="Talk to the Animals">Talk to the Animals</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Bricusse" title="Leslie Bricusse">Leslie Bricusse</a> (1967)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Windmills_of_Your_Mind" title="The Windmills of Your Mind">The Windmills of Your Mind</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Legrand" title="Michel Legrand">Michel Legrand</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Alan_and_Marilyn_Bergman" title="Alan and Marilyn Bergman">Alan and Marilyn Bergman</a> (1968)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Raindrops_Keep_Fallin%27_on_My_Head" title="Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head">Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Hal_David" title="Hal David">Hal David</a> (1969)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_All_We_Know_(1970_song)" title="For All We Know (1970 song)">For All We Know</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Fred_Karlin" title="Fred Karlin">Fred Karlin</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Robb_Royer" title="Robb Royer">Robb Royer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Griffin" title="Jimmy Griffin">Jimmy Griffin</a> (1970)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1971–1980</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Theme_from_Shaft" title="Theme from Shaft">Theme from <i>Shaft</i></a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Hayes" title="Isaac Hayes">Isaac Hayes</a> (1971)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Morning_After_(Maureen_McGovern_song)" title="The Morning After (Maureen McGovern song)">The Morning After</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Al_Kasha" title="Al Kasha">Al Kasha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joel_Hirschhorn" title="Joel Hirschhorn">Joel Hirschhorn</a> (1972)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Way_We_Were_(song)" title="The Way We Were (song)">The Way We Were</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Hamlisch" title="Marvin Hamlisch">Marvin Hamlisch</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Alan_and_Marilyn_Bergman" title="Alan and Marilyn Bergman">Alan and Marilyn Bergman</a> (1973)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_May_Never_Love_Like_This_Again" title="We May Never Love Like This Again">We May Never Love Like This Again</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Al_Kasha" title="Al Kasha">Al Kasha</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joel_Hirschhorn" title="Joel Hirschhorn">Joel Hirschhorn</a> (1974)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Easy_(Keith_Carradine_song)" title="I'm Easy (Keith Carradine song)">I'm Easy</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Carradine" title="Keith Carradine">Keith Carradine</a> (1975)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Evergreen_(Love_Theme_from_A_Star_Is_Born)" title="Evergreen (Love Theme from A Star Is Born)">Evergreen (Love Theme from <i>A Star Is Born</i>)</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Barbra_Streisand" title="Barbra Streisand">Barbra Streisand</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Williams_(songwriter)" title="Paul Williams (songwriter)">Paul Williams</a> (1976)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Light_Up_My_Life_(song)" title="You Light Up My Life (song)">You Light Up My Life</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Brooks_(songwriter)" title="Joseph Brooks (songwriter)">Joseph Brooks</a> (1977)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Last_Dance_(Donna_Summer_song)" title="Last Dance (Donna Summer song)">Last Dance</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Jabara" title="Paul Jabara">Paul Jabara</a> (1978)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It_Goes_Like_It_Goes" title="It Goes Like It Goes">It Goes Like It Goes</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/David_Shire" title="David Shire">David Shire</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Norman_Gimbel" title="Norman Gimbel">Norman Gimbel</a> (1979)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fame_(Irene_Cara_song)" title="Fame (Irene Cara song)">Fame</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Michael_Gore" title="Michael Gore">Michael Gore</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Dean_Pitchford" title="Dean Pitchford">Dean Pitchford</a> (1980)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1981–1990</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Arthur%27s_Theme_(Best_That_You_Can_Do)" title="Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)">Arthur's Theme (Best That You Can Do)</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Burt_Bacharach" title="Burt Bacharach">Burt Bacharach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carole_Bayer_Sager" title="Carole Bayer Sager">Carole Bayer Sager</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cross" title="Christopher Cross">Christopher Cross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Allen_(musician)" title="Peter Allen (musician)">Peter Allen</a> (1981)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Up_Where_We_Belong" title="Up Where We Belong">Up Where We Belong</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Jack_Nitzsche" title="Jack Nitzsche">Jack Nitzsche</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buffy_Sainte-Marie" title="Buffy Sainte-Marie">Buffy Sainte-Marie</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Will_Jennings" title="Will Jennings">Will Jennings</a> (1982)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flashdance..._What_a_Feeling" title="Flashdance... What a Feeling">Flashdance... What a Feeling</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Keith_Forsey" title="Keith Forsey">Keith Forsey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irene_Cara" title="Irene Cara">Irene Cara</a> (1983)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Just_Called_to_Say_I_Love_You" title="I Just Called to Say I Love You">I Just Called to Say I Love You</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> (1984)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Say_You,_Say_Me" title="Say You, Say Me">Say You, Say Me</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Richie" title="Lionel Richie">Lionel Richie</a> (1985)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Take_My_Breath_Away" title="Take My Breath Away">Take My Breath Away</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Moroder" title="Giorgio Moroder">Giorgio Moroder</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Whitlock" title="Tom Whitlock">Tom Whitlock</a> (1986)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(I%27ve_Had)_The_Time_of_My_Life" title="(I've Had) The Time of My Life">(I've Had) The Time of My Life</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Franke_Previte" title="Franke Previte">Franke Previte</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_DeNicola" title="John DeNicola">John DeNicola</a> and Donald Markowitz</li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Franke_Previte" title="Franke Previte">Franke Previte</a> (1987)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_the_River_Run" title="Let the River Run">Let the River Run</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Carly_Simon" title="Carly Simon">Carly Simon</a> (1988)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Under_the_Sea" title="Under the Sea">Under the Sea</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (1989)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sooner_or_Later_(Madonna_song)" title="Sooner or Later (Madonna song)">Sooner or Later (I Always Get My Man)</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> (1990)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">1991–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Beauty_and_the_Beast_(Disney_song)" title="Beauty and the Beast (Disney song)">Beauty and the Beast</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Howard_Ashman" title="Howard Ashman">Howard Ashman</a> (1991)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Whole_New_World" title="A Whole New World">A Whole New World</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1992)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Streets_of_Philadelphia" title="Streets of Philadelphia">Streets of Philadelphia</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Springsteen" title="Bruce Springsteen">Bruce Springsteen</a> (1993)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can_You_Feel_the_Love_Tonight" title="Can You Feel the Love Tonight">Can You Feel the Love Tonight</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1994)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Colors_of_the_Wind" title="Colors of the Wind">Colors of the Wind</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz" title="Stephen Schwartz">Stephen Schwartz</a> (1995)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Must_Love_Me" title="You Must Love Me">You Must Love Me</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Lloyd_Webber" title="Andrew Lloyd Webber">Andrew Lloyd Webber</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> (1996)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Heart_Will_Go_On" title="My Heart Will Go On">My Heart Will Go On</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/James_Horner" title="James Horner">James Horner</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Will_Jennings" title="Will Jennings">Will Jennings</a> (1997)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_You_Believe" title="When You Believe">When You Believe</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Schwartz" title="Stephen Schwartz">Stephen Schwartz</a> (1998)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You%27ll_Be_in_My_Heart" title="You'll Be in My Heart">You'll Be in My Heart</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Phil_Collins" title="Phil Collins">Phil Collins</a> (1999)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Things_Have_Changed" title="Things Have Changed">Things Have Changed</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> (2000)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2001–2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/If_I_Didn%27t_Have_You_(Disney_song)" title="If I Didn't Have You (Disney song)">If I Didn't Have You</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a> (2001)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lose_Yourself" title="Lose Yourself">Lose Yourself</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Bass" title="Jeff Bass">Jeff Bass</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luis_Resto_(musician)" title="Luis Resto (musician)">Luis Resto</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a> (2002)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Into_the_West_(song)" title="Into the West (song)">Into the West</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Fran_Walsh" title="Fran Walsh">Fran Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Annie_Lennox" title="Annie Lennox">Annie Lennox</a> (2003)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Al_otro_lado_del_r%C3%ADo" title="Al otro lado del río">Al otro lado del río</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Drexler" title="Jorge Drexler">Jorge Drexler</a> (2004)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_Hard_out_Here_for_a_Pimp" title="It's Hard out Here for a Pimp">It's Hard out Here for a Pimp</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Juicy_J" title="Juicy J">Juicy J</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frayser_Boy" title="Frayser Boy">Frayser Boy</a> and <a href="/wiki/DJ_Paul" title="DJ Paul">DJ Paul</a> (2005)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Need_to_Wake_Up" title="I Need to Wake Up">I Need to Wake Up</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Melissa_Etheridge" title="Melissa Etheridge">Melissa Etheridge</a> (2006)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Falling_Slowly" title="Falling Slowly">Falling Slowly</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Glen_Hansard" title="Glen Hansard">Glen Hansard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark%C3%A9ta_Irglov%C3%A1" title="Markéta Irglová">Markéta Irglová</a> (2007)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jai_Ho_(song)" title="Jai Ho (song)">Jai Ho</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/A._R._Rahman" title="A. R. Rahman">A. R. Rahman</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Gulzar" title="Gulzar">Gulzar</a> (2008)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Weary_Kind" title="The Weary Kind">The Weary Kind</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Bingham" title="Ryan Bingham">Ryan Bingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/T_Bone_Burnett" title="T Bone Burnett">T Bone Burnett</a> (2009)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/We_Belong_Together_(Randy_Newman_song)" title="We Belong Together (Randy Newman song)">We Belong Together</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Randy_Newman" title="Randy Newman">Randy Newman</a> (2010)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2011–2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Man_or_Muppet" title="Man or Muppet">Man or Muppet</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Bret_McKenzie" title="Bret McKenzie">Bret McKenzie</a> (2011)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Skyfall_(song)" title="Skyfall (song)">Skyfall</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Adele" title="Adele">Adele Adkins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paul_Epworth" title="Paul Epworth">Paul Epworth</a> (2012)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_It_Go" title="Let It Go">Let It Go</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Anderson-Lopez" title="Kristen Anderson-Lopez">Kristen Anderson-Lopez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a> (2013)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Glory_(Common_and_John_Legend_song)" title="Glory (Common and John Legend song)">Glory</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/John_Legend" title="John Legend">John Stephens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Common_(rapper)" title="Common (rapper)">Lonnie Lynn</a> (2014)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Writing%27s_on_the_Wall_(Sam_Smith_song)" title="Writing's on the Wall (Sam Smith song)">Writing's on the Wall</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Napes" title="Jimmy Napes">James Napier</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Smith" title="Sam Smith">Sam Smith</a> (2015)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/City_of_Stars" title="City of Stars">City of Stars</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Justin_Hurwitz" title="Justin Hurwitz">Justin Hurwitz</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Benj_Pasek" title="Benj Pasek">Benj Pasek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Justin_Paul" title="Justin Paul">Justin Paul</a> (2016)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Remember_Me_(Coco_song)" title="Remember Me (Coco song)">Remember Me</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Anderson-Lopez" title="Kristen Anderson-Lopez">Kristen Anderson-Lopez</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lopez" title="Robert Lopez">Robert Lopez</a> (2017)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shallow_(Lady_Gaga_and_Bradley_Cooper_song)" title="Shallow (Lady Gaga and Bradley Cooper song)">Shallow</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Ronson" title="Mark Ronson">Mark Ronson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Rossomando" title="Anthony Rossomando">Anthony Rossomando</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wyatt" title="Andrew Wyatt">Andrew Wyatt</a> (2018)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(I%27m_Gonna)_Love_Me_Again" title="(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again">(I'm Gonna) Love Me Again</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/Elton_John" title="Elton John">Elton John</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Taupin" title="Bernie Taupin">Bernie Taupin</a> (2019)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fight_for_You_(H.E.R._song)" title="Fight for You (H.E.R. song)">Fight for You</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/D%27Mile" title="D'Mile">D'Mile</a> and <a href="/wiki/H.E.R." title="H.E.R.">H.E.R.</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/H.E.R." title="H.E.R.">H.E.R.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tiara_Thomas" title="Tiara Thomas">Tiara Thomas</a> (2020)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82;width:1%">2021–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/No_Time_to_Die_(song)" title="No Time to Die (song)">No Time to Die</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell" title="Finneas O'Connell">Finneas O'Connell</a> (2021)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Naatu_Naatu" title="Naatu Naatu">Naatu Naatu</a>" <ul><li>Music: <a href="/wiki/M._M._Keeravani" title="M. M. Keeravani">M. M. Keeravani</a></li> <li>Lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Chandrabose_(lyricist)" title="Chandrabose (lyricist)">Chandrabose</a> (2022)</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Was_I_Made_For%3F" title="What Was I Made For?">What Was I Made For?</a>" <ul><li>Music and lyrics: <a href="/wiki/Billie_Eilish" title="Billie Eilish">Billie Eilish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Finneas_O%27Connell" title="Finneas O'Connell">Finneas O'Connell</a> (2023)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000010861737X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/196726">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/64072/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvXj3FKxcWYtxfJbx7vHC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118777084">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80149466">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13895945g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13895945g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/001152156">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kern, Jerome"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV189659">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36379903">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ola2002159333&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1021706">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1142690">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07261045X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90566127">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000046862&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000063589&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2018N1076">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/hftw0dv10h7skbk">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810567187405606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007279982805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000203431">Finland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058521471206706">Catalonia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14000153">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA10934280?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/8fb64b2e-db8b-4579-ad08-f324ef1bf494">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102963">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1252466">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118777084.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118777084">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/087450763">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6rg6m1n">SNAC</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6zp45cx">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/391973">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&oldid=1258129883">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Kern&oldid=1258129883</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_musical_theatre_composers" title="Category:American musical theatre composers">American musical theatre 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