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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Qajar_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Qajar Era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Qajar_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pahlavi_Era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pahlavi_Era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Pahlavi Era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pahlavi_Era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Language_and_ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language_and_ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Language and ethnicity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language_and_ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Semnani_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semnani_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Semnani language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semnani_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_sites_and_places_of_interest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_sites_and_places_of_interest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Historical sites and places of interest</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_sites_and_places_of_interest-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical sites and places of interest subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_sites_and_places_of_interest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religious_structures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Religious structures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secular_structures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secular_structures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Secular structures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secular_structures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_innovations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_innovations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Historical innovations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_innovations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industrial_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Industrial sector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agricultural_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agricultural_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Agricultural sector</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agricultural_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customs_and_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customs_and_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Customs and traditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Customs_and_traditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Customs and traditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Customs_and_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Norms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Norms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muharram_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muharram_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Muharram traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Muharram_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nowrouz_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nowrouz_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Nowrouz traditions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nowrouz_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unique_foods_and_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unique_foods_and_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Unique foods and dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unique_foods_and_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Poetry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poetry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Poetry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poetry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Short_stories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Short_stories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Short stories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Short_stories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Media subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Newspapers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Newspapers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Newspapers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Newspapers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transportation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airports_and_aviation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports_and_aviation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Airports and aviation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports_and_aviation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_transportation_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_transportation_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Other transportation services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_transportation_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Higher education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notable people subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Photo_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Photo_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Photo gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Photo_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Semnan, Iran</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 57 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-57" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">57 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86)" title="سمنان (إيران) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سمنان (إيران)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simnan" title="Simnan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Simnan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سیمنان – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیمنان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Семнан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Семнан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Семнан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Семнан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakbayan_sa_Semn%C4%81n" title="Dakbayan sa Semnān – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Dakbayan sa Semnān" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semn%C3%A1n_(m%C4%9Bsto)" title="Semnán (město) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Semnán (město)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semn%C4%81n" title="Semnān – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Semnān" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan_(Stadt)" title="Semnan (Stadt) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Semnan (Stadt)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semn%C3%A1n" title="Semnán – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Semnán" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnano_(urbo)" title="Semnano (urbo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Semnano (urbo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%85%88%EB%82%9C" title="셈난 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="셈난" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B6_(%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B2%D5%A1%D6%84)" title="Սեմնան (քաղաք) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սեմնան (քաղաք)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="सेमनान – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेमनान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Семнан – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Семнан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%90%D7%9F" title="סמנאן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סמנאן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simnan" title="Simnan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Simnan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semn%C4%81na" title="Semnāna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Semnāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnanas" title="Semnanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Semnanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szemn%C3%A1n" title="Szemnán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szemnán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan,_Iran" title="Semnan, Iran – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Semnan, Iran" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სემნანი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სემნანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%A0%E3%83%8A%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3" title="セムナーン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セムナーン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semn%C3%A3" title="Semnã – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Semnã" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Семнан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Семнан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan,_Iran" title="Semnan, Iran – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Semnan, Iran" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan,_Iran" title="Semnan, Iran – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Semnan, Iran" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symn%C5%AFn" title="Symnůn – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Symnůn" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Семнан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Семнан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan" title="Semnan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Semnan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Симнан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Симнан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Симнон – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Симнон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simnan" title="Simnan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Simnan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Семнан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Семнан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سمنان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سمنان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan,_Iran" title="Semnan, Iran – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Semnan, Iran" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%A7%86%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82" title="塞姆南市 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="塞姆南市" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q203045#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Semnan,_Iran&params=35_34_52_N_53_23_00_E_dim:3km_type:city(185129)_region:IR-20"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°34′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">53°23′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.58111°N 53.38333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.58111; 53.38333</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Semnan province, Iran</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the administrative divisions, see <a href="/wiki/Semnan_province" title="Semnan province">Semnan province</a> and <a href="/wiki/Semnan_County" title="Semnan County">Semnan County</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Semnan, Iran</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Semnan</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">سمنان، سَمَن</span></div><div class="nickname ib-settlement-other-name">also known as Saman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">City</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shah_(Imam)-Soltani_Mosque._Semnan_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Imam Soltani mosque"><img alt="Imam Soltani mosque" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Shah_%28Imam%29-Soltani_Mosque._Semnan_6.jpg/250px-Shah_%28Imam%29-Soltani_Mosque._Semnan_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Shah_%28Imam%29-Soltani_Mosque._Semnan_6.jpg/375px-Shah_%28Imam%29-Soltani_Mosque._Semnan_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Shah_%28Imam%29-Soltani_Mosque._Semnan_6.jpg/500px-Shah_%28Imam%29-Soltani_Mosque._Semnan_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2808" data-file-height="1872" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Imam Soltani mosque</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Semnan_Logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Semnan"><img alt="Official seal of Semnan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/af/Semnan_Logo.png/100px-Semnan_Logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/af/Semnan_Logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">City of Compassion<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto(s): <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname"><b>Welcome; <span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">خوش امیچین</span></b></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iran_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Semnan is located in Iran"><img alt="Semnan is located in Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/250px-Iran_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/375px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/500px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1071" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.509%;left:48.211%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Semnan"><img alt="Semnan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Semnan</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Semnan,_Iran&params=35_34_52_N_53_23_00_E_dim:3km_type:city(185129)_region:IR-20"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">35°34′52″N</span> <span class="longitude">53°23′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">35.58111°N 53.38333°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">35.58111; 53.38333</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Semnan_province" title="Semnan province">Semnan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Semnan_County" title="Semnan County">Semnan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bakhsh" title="Bakhsh">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Semnan_County)" title="Central District (Semnan County)">Central</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Settled</th><td class="infobox-data">circa 240<a href="/wiki/BCE" class="mw-redirect" title="BCE">BCE</a> by <a href="/wiki/Parni" title="Parni">Parni</a> tribesmen</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Incorporated (city)</th><td class="infobox-data">1926</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">Municipality</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Seyed Hossein Mousavi<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,130 m (3,707 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2016)<sup id="cite_ref-2016_census_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">185,129</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3:30">UTC+3:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Iran_Standard_Time" title="Iran Standard Time">IRST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+98 23</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Persian_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Language">Persian</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Semnani_language" title="Semnani language">Semnani</a></b></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Desert_climate#Hot_desert_climates" title="Desert climate">BWh</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semnan.ir">www<wbr />.semnan<wbr />.ir</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Semnan</b> (<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>: <span lang="fa" dir="rtl">سمنان</span>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fa-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Persian" title="Help:IPA/Persian">[semˈnɒːn]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/cc\/Fa-Semnan.ogg\/Fa-Semnan.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Fa-Semnan.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/cc/Fa-Semnan.ogg/Fa-Semnan.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Fa-Semnan.ogg" title="File:Fa-Semnan.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a city in the <a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Semnan_County)" title="Central District (Semnan County)">Central District</a> of <a href="/wiki/Semnan_County" title="Semnan County">Semnan County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Semnan_province" title="Semnan province">Semnan</a> province, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, serving as capital of the province, the county and the district.<sup id="cite_ref-Semnan_Structure_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Semnan_Structure-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is on the alluvial fan of the Golrudbar creek in the north-central part of the country, 216 km east of <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> and 640 km west of <a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a>. With a population of 185,129 people in 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-2016_census_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semnan is the most populous city in the province and the hub of the <a href="/wiki/Semnani_languages" title="Semnani languages">Semnani language</a>, a sub-branch of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian languages</a> spoken to the north. It is home to the <a href="/wiki/Semnani_people" title="Semnani people">Semnani</a> ethnic group. </p><p>Semnan offers various recreational activities; historical and religious sites; festivals, gardens and parks; and centers of higher education and Semnani culture. The city is the cultural and political capital of Semnan province. The city's main souvenirs are <a href="/wiki/Narcissus_(plant)" title="Narcissus (plant)">daffodil flowers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheermal" title="Sheermal">Shirmal</a> pastry, <a href="/wiki/Kol%C3%BC%C3%A7e" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolüçe">Kolüçe</a> cookies, <a href="/wiki/Kilim" title="Kilim">kilim</a> rugs, and <a href="/wiki/Shortbread" title="Shortbread">shortbread</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Semnan_Calligraphy_Font.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7b/Semnan_Calligraphy_Font.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="214" data-file-height="146" /></a><figcaption>The name "Semnan" in <a href="/wiki/Persian_calligraphy" title="Persian calligraphy">Persian calligraphy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>There are several theories which seek to explain the origin of the name <i>Semnan</i>. </p> <ol> <li>Semnan was an ancient pre-<a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">zoroastrian</a> city in which the locals practiced idol-worshipping. Their religion was called <i>samīna</i>, hence the name Semnan.</li> <li>Semnan was an ancient civil establishment by the <a href="/wiki/Scythians" title="Scythians">Scythians</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian</a> people who named their settlement <i>Sakanān</i>.</li> <li>A theory produced by the local people themselves claims the first settlers of Semnan were two of the Prophet <a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>'s children, <i>Sim An-Nabi</i> and <i>Lam An-Nabi</i>, and that their settlement became known as <i>Simlam</i>; the local people believe that over time the name Simlam turned into Semnan.</li> <li>Semnan was established by the mythical character <i><a href="/wiki/Tahmuras" title="Tahmuras">Tahmuras</a></i>, and that he named his city Saminā.</li> <li>The ancient regional language was known as <i>Sa ma nān</i>, and that the city of these people took on the name of their language.</li> <li>The name Semnan comes from the phrase <i>sa ma nān</i>, which is supposed to be a corrupted Persian way of saying 'three months of bread.' This phrase traces back to the Semnani women's tradition of cooking three months worth of bread in one day.<sup id="cite_ref-blogfa1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogfa1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Islamic_Era">Pre-Islamic Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-Islamic Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Artabanosi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Artabanosi.jpg/220px-Artabanosi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Artabanosi.jpg/330px-Artabanosi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Artabanosi.jpg/440px-Artabanosi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="333" /></a><figcaption>Coinage during the Parthian Era</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Semnan has historically been one of the fourteen civil establishments of the ancient, <a href="/wiki/Avesta" title="Avesta">Avesta</a>-era province of "Vern."<sup id="cite_ref-tebyan2007_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tebyan2007-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Semnan remained an important city throughout the era of the <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persian</a> <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>. After the invasion of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>, which resulted in the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>, and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a>, the region which hosts the city of Semnan became known as Komesh. The beginning of the prosperous era of the city arrived with the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid dynasty of Parthia">Arsacid dynasty of Parthia</a>. The Parthians are an <a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian people</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Arsacid_dynasty_of_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsacid dynasty of Parthia">Arsacid dynasty of Parthia</a> was very interested in the importing of <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenism</a>, or Greek culture. This resulted in the pioneering of sculpting and other forms of <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western</a> art in the city of Semnan. One of the capital cities of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a> was <a href="/wiki/Hecatompylos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hecatompylos">Hecatompylos</a>, and its ruins and numerous historical sites remain between the modern day city of Semnan and <a href="/wiki/Damghan" title="Damghan">Damghan</a>. With the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a>, and the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persian</a> <a href="/wiki/Sassanid_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassanid Empire">Sassanid Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> was chosen as the state religion, and the city of Semnan was once again brought under the reign of <a href="/wiki/Persia" class="mw-redirect" title="Persia">Persian</a> customs and traditions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-Islamic_Era">Post-Islamic Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-Islamic Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alavids-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Alavids-map.png/220px-Alavids-map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Alavids-map.png/330px-Alavids-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Alavids-map.png/440px-Alavids-map.png 2x" data-file-width="1040" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Semnan within the bounds of the Shi'a Alavid Emirate</figcaption></figure> <p>After the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim conquest of Persia</a>, the religion of <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> was established within the city of Semnan. Though, unlike modern day Semnan, the people of the city originally practiced <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>, similar to the rest of early Islamic Persia. However, the institution of <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> did not last very long. The <a href="/wiki/Alavids" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavids">Alavids</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tabaristan" title="Tabaristan">Tabaristan</a> had established a <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic">Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/Emirate" title="Emirate">emirate</a> and upon conquering Semnan, brought the <a href="/wiki/Zaidiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaidiyyah">Zaidi</a> <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> sect of Islam. Then, in the year 427 <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Calendar">AH</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq Turks">Seljuq Turks</a> invaded and devastated the city. Nevertheless, it was the very <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq Turks">Seljuq Turks</a> that built many of the historical monuments and infrastructure of <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> Semnan.<sup id="cite_ref-youtube1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youtube1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Seljuq Empire grew weak, the Abbasids managed to reconquer and assert their sovereignty over Persia. The people of Semnan suffered severely under the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>. It is possible that the years of Abbasid rule traumatized the people of Semnan, and even to this day, the Semnani people despise the color black because of its utilization for the black flags of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tebyan2007_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tebyan2007-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Abbasid rule was ended by the brutal, devastating invasion of the Mongols in the year of 618 <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Calendar">AH</a>. The Mongol hordes massacred the people and burnt much of the city to the ground. Semnan would not recover until the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Turco-Persian" class="mw-redirect" title="Turco-Persian">Turco-Persian</a> <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid dynasty</a>. The Safavids brought the <a href="/wiki/Twelver_Shi%27ism" title="Twelver Shi'ism">Twelver Shi'ism</a> sect of Islam to Semnan, and contributed to the reconstruction of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Qajar_Era">Qajar Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Qajar Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_(Lion_and_Sun).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_%28Lion_and_Sun%29.svg/220px-Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_%28Lion_and_Sun%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_%28Lion_and_Sun%29.svg/330px-Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_%28Lion_and_Sun%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_%28Lion_and_Sun%29.svg/440px-Imperial_Emblem_of_the_Qajar_Dynasty_%28Lion_and_Sun%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="766" /></a><figcaption>Imperial emblem of the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a></figcaption></figure> <p>With the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a>, historical Semnan witnessed economical, cultural, infrastructural, and political progress. The very tribe that rose into becoming the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a> was based out of the mountainous terrain between modern-day <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Semnan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazandaran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazandaran">Mazandaran</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Golestan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Golestan Province">Golestan</a>. The Qajars turned Semnan into a civil fortress, from which they oversaw the major trade route between their capital in <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> and the holy city of <a href="/wiki/Mashad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashad">Mashad</a>. In addition to infrastructural growth, some Qajar royals built their estates in the city. Semnan was also an important medical center for members of the Qajar imperial family and was home to many notable physicians and doctors of the era. Economically, the city consisted of several feudal estates with agricultural plantations which relied on serf labor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pahlavi_Era">Pahlavi Era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pahlavi Era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg/220px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="211" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg/330px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg/440px-Imperial_Coat_of_Arms_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="490" /></a><figcaption>Imperial coat of arms of the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi dynasty</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Pahlavi era marked the transition of Semnan into the industrial era. Semnan's original loyalty to the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a> and the city's importance under the Qajars prompted a lot of anti-Pahlavi sentiment with the rise of Reza Shah. <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Reza Shah Pahlavi">Reza Shah Pahlavi</a>'s government began the immediate construction of modern infrastructure and paved roads throughout the city, however, this called for the destruction of the citadel of Semnan and the artistic monuments of the Qajars. Upon attempting to destroy the Gate of Semnan, the locals chained themselves to the building and stopped its destruction. Many prominent families in Semnan were also restricted from attaining high political posts as a result of their previous connection with and service to the Qajar imperial family. This resulted in the exodus of many prominent Semnani families to <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a> during the early Pahlavi era. Despite the tension and confrontation, the <a href="/wiki/Pahlavi_dynasty" title="Pahlavi dynasty">Pahlavi dynasty</a> was successful in transforming Semnan into a more modern city. Throughout the early Pahlavi era, Semnan experienced several rounds of extreme drought, famine, crop devastation, and poverty. Prominent <a href="/wiki/Semnani_language" title="Semnani language">Semnani language</a> poets such as Nosratollah Nouhian encouraged the Farmers and General Labor class to rise up and demand their rights from the unjust, well-fed landlords who were carelessly watching the very farmers who grew the food starve and deteriorate into ruin and agony: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <p><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">دیگه صبر و قناعت وسه پی با<br /> دیگه ظلم شقاوت وسه پی با</span> </p><p><i>Patience and contentment is no more, rise up!</i><br /> <i>Oppression and atrociousness shall be no more, rise up!</i><br /> ―Nosratollah Nouhian </p> </div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language_and_ethnicity">Language and ethnicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Language and ethnicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Semnan,_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Semnan, Iran">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a> is the official language of the Islamic Republic of Iran, and thus within the city of Semnan. Every literate person in Semnan knows how to communicate in the Persian language. </p><p>The majority of the city dwellers are Persians. Older Semnan was made up of four main districts: Shaji (Shahjoo), Naasaar, Latibaar and Espanjon (Esfanjan). These four districts still exist today, but the city has grown and become much larger including some new districts. To the west of the city is "Maleh" which used to be a separate settlement but was not a part of Semnan. In the local language the inhabitants are known as Malezh. "Maleh" consists of three parts: Koery (Kodivar), Koshmeni (Kushmaqaan) and Zaveni (Zavaqaan). "Maleh" is now part of Semnan. </p><p>As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a>'s heavy influence on the city of Semnan, especially under <a href="/wiki/Fath_Ali_Shah" class="mw-redirect" title="Fath Ali Shah">Fath Ali Shah</a>'s reign, some families in Semnan can trace their lineage back to the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a>. Furthermore, much of the city's most important monuments have been built under <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> dynasties. For example, the Jame' Mosque of Semnan, constructed nearly 1,000 years ago, was built by the <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq dynasty">Seljuq dynasty</a>. The Imam Mosque, originally known as Soltani Mosque, was constructed by the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a>. The Gate of Semman, or Arg e Semnan, which is the representative symbol of the city of Semnan, was also constructed by the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a>. Many other historical sites within the city and the surrounding villages demonstrate a strong <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ilkhanate" title="Ilkhanate">Ilkhanate</a> influence in their architectural designs. </p><p>Also, much of the city's <i><a href="/wiki/Sayyid" title="Sayyid">Sayyid</a></i> population tends to descend from the <a href="/wiki/Alavids" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavids">Alavids</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Caspian region">Caspian region</a> to the north of the province. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Semnani_language">Semnani language</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Semnani language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Semnani_language" title="Semnani language">Semnani language</a></div> <p>The city also has its own language known as "Zaban e Semnani" in Persian or "Semani Zefön" in the Semnani language of the locals. The <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Constitution">Iranian Constitution</a> recognizes the use of regional dialects and languages, and permits their usage second to the Persian language. </p><p>According to the book <i>Dictionary of Semnan Ancient Dialect</i>, Semnan traditionally has had its own language. The book collected more than 12,000 words belonging to this language. The local people call their language <i>Semani</i>. Most of the older generations and some among the younger generations of the city still know and maintain communication in this language. However, the majority of the younger generations do not communicate in <i>Semani</i> as a result of schooling and education in <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The people of the city of Semnan are almost all entirely <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_faith" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic faith">Islamic faith</a> dominates the culture, norms, traditions, and beliefs of the city, and continues to dictate the style of life in city. As a result, the celebrations, rituals, and days of religious mourning play a major role in the life of a Semnani city dweller, and are for some families, more important that the national <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> customs and holidays. The majority of the people of Semnan observe <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> quite conservatively; hence, the martyrdom and birthdays of <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> <a href="/wiki/Imams" class="mw-redirect" title="Imams">Imams</a> are very important days on the calendar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 124,999 in 36,298 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2006_census_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2006_census-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following census in 2011 counted 153,680 people in 45,311 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2011_census_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2011_census-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 185,129 people in 49,124 households.<sup id="cite_ref-2016_census_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2016_census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alborz_in_Semnan_Province_of_Iran.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Alborz_in_Semnan_Province_of_Iran.jpg/220px-Alborz_in_Semnan_Province_of_Iran.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Alborz_in_Semnan_Province_of_Iran.jpg/330px-Alborz_in_Semnan_Province_of_Iran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Alborz_in_Semnan_Province_of_Iran.jpg/440px-Alborz_in_Semnan_Province_of_Iran.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a><figcaption>Typical terrain and geography of the region</figcaption></figure> <p>The city of Semnan is situated on an alluvial fan at 1,138 metres above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>, straddling the southern foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Alborz_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Alborz Mountains">Alborz Mountains</a> and the vast desert plain to the south of the city. The Golrudbar creek, which begins in the mountains to the north of <a href="/wiki/Shahmirzad" title="Shahmirzad">Shahmirzad</a>, has historically provided a reliable supply of water for municipal and agricultural consumption. Irrigation methods since ancient times have allowed the people of Semnan to drink clean water, raise livestock such as cattle and sheep, and cultivate diverse crops. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Semnan,_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Semnan, Iran">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Semnan+Climate%22">"Semnan Climate"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Semnan+Climate%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Semnan+Climate%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Semnan+Climate%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Semnan+Climate%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Semnan+Climate%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Semnan has a <a href="/wiki/Hot_desert_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot desert climate">hot desert climate</a> (<i>BWh</i>) bordering a <a href="/wiki/Cold_desert_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold desert climate">cold desert climate</a> (BWk) according to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>. The city enjoys the traditional four seasons of <a href="/wiki/Winter" title="Winter">winter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spring_(season)" title="Spring (season)">spring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Summer" title="Summer">summer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Autumn" title="Autumn">autumn</a> each year. </p><p>The rain season starts in December and lasts into May, however, precipitation throughout the rain season is generally very light. During some winters, moisture-abundant <a href="/wiki/Blizzards" class="mw-redirect" title="Blizzards">blizzards</a> make their way down from the <a href="/wiki/Alborz" title="Alborz">Alborz</a> mountains to the north of the city and dump several centimeters of snow in a single twenty-four-hour period<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. As a result of the city's position straddling the open <a href="/wiki/Dasht-e_Kavir" title="Dasht-e Kavir">desert plain</a>, many winter days are dominated by a cold and gusty wind that often produces a potent windchill factor which makes the city feel much colder than the actual air temperature. According to Iranian Meteorological statistics, Semnan experiences around 44.5 days in which the minimum temperature falls below freezing each year.<sup id="cite_ref-belowfreeze_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-belowfreeze-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Spring is characterized by mild to warm day temperatures and cold to cool nights. Muinimun Temperatures do not fall below freezing from May to October and rarely do so in March, April and November.<sup id="cite_ref-belowfreeze_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-belowfreeze-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Summers are often hot during the day and mildly warm at night. Summer months remain extremely dry with only trace amounts of rain. Occasionally, moisture from the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a> passes over the <a href="/wiki/Alborz" title="Alborz">High Alborz</a>. With the right amount of heat and moisture, thunderstorms may develop during the afternoon and evening hours. Though the amount of precipitation is light, these thunderstorms often produce strong and gusty winds with frequent <a href="/wiki/Dry_thunderstorm" title="Dry thunderstorm">lightning strikes</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This paragraph is not sourced (September 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Autumn is mostly a transitional season. </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Semnan (1965-2010, records and temperature normals 1965-2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.6<br />(101.5) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.0<br />(109.4) </td> <td style="background: #D70000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.4<br />(111.9) </td> <td style="background: #DF0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">43.8<br />(110.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0A00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.0<br />(104.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #D70000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.4<br />(111.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(47.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.8<br />(98.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.0<br />(75.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3<br />(64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.6<br />(87.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6<br />(67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1<br />(43.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.5<br />(31.1) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4<br />(34.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.7<br />(63.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1<br />(73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.1<br />(68.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7<br />(56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7<br />(44.1) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(34.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.7<br />(54.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.6<br />(9.3) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.0<br />(15.8) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0<br />(41.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0<br />(35.6) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9<br />(16) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8<br />(18) </td> <td style="background: #A2A2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−12.6<br />(9.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #E1FFE1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(0.78) </td> <td style="background: #DCFFDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(0.82) </td> <td style="background: #D9FFD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(0.98) </td> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.5<br />(0.65) </td> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0<br />(0.51) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(0.16) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0<br />(0.12) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(0.10) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(0.06) </td> <td style="background: #F5FFF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(0.24) </td> <td style="background: #F0FFF0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5<br />(0.37) </td> <td style="background: #E3FFE3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(0.73) </td> <td style="background: #EDFFED; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">140.7<br />(5.52) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #DEDEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(0.6) </td> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.9<br />(1.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.2 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.2 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1 </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.1 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0E0EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #4F4FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38 </td> <td style="background: #4747FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #6262FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">41 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.5<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.1<br />(28.2) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3<br />(34.3) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3<br />(37.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8<br />(46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.5<br />(36.5) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.7<br />(28.9) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">188 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">193 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">223 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">245 </td> <td style="background: #ECEC07; color:#000000;" class="notheme">292 </td> <td style="background: #F9F925; color:#000000;" class="notheme">336 </td> <td style="background: #F7F720; color:#000000;" class="notheme">338 </td> <td style="background: #F7F722; color:#000000;" class="notheme">341 </td> <td style="background: #F2F214; color:#000000;" class="notheme">306 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">266 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">173 </td> <td style="background: #E6E600; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,096 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Iran Meteorological Organization (records),<sup id="cite_ref-records_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-records-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (temperatures),<sup id="cite_ref-temperatures_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-temperatures-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (precipitation),<sup id="cite_ref-precipitation_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-precipitation-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (humidity),<sup id="cite_ref-humidity_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-humidity-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NCEI" class="mw-redirect" title="NCEI">NCEI</a> (dew point and sun 1991-2020, snowfall 1981-2010)<sup id="cite_ref-ncei_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncei-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-clino81_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clino81-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_sites_and_places_of_interest">Historical sites and places of interest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Historical sites and places of interest"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the relatively small size of Semnan when compared to other major <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a> cities such as <a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mashad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashad">Mashad</a>, Semnan's rich historical monuments and scholarly figures are often forgotten. The following are some of the city's historical sites and places of interest: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religious_structures">Religious structures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Religious structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jame' <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a> of Semnan – built nearly 1,000 years ago by the <a href="/wiki/Seljuq_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Seljuq Turks">Seljuq Turks</a> over what used to be an ancient <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Zoroastrian">Zoroastrian</a> fire temple. This ancient mosque also includes the famous Seljuq minaret with archaic carvings and designs.<sup id="cite_ref-youtube1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youtube1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Imam Mosque (Soltani Mosque) – built under the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a>, this mosque is a rare four-terrace mosque. The design of the Imam Mosque utilized the expertise of Iranian architecture of the time, providing all sectors of the complex with equal acoustic sound systems.<sup id="cite_ref-youtube1_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youtube1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Shrine of Sheikh Ala'ed-dowleh Semnani – This shrine was constructed by the <a href="/wiki/Safavid_dynasty" title="Safavid dynasty">Safavid dynasty</a> in honor of Sheikh Ala'ed-dowleh Semnani, a major <a href="/wiki/Sufi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sufi">Sufi</a> mystic and poet of Iran.</li> <li>Threshold of the <a href="/wiki/Alavids" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavids">Alavids</a> – A memorial shrine to the <a href="/wiki/Alavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavid">Alavid</a> sayyids that administered the affairs of the city during the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Alavid" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavid">Alavid</a> dynasty, centered in the ancient region of <a href="/wiki/Tabaristan" title="Tabaristan">Tabaristan</a>. The shrine also has religious value, being that the <a href="/wiki/Alavids" class="mw-redirect" title="Alavids">Alavids</a> were the direct descendants of the second <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> Imam, <a href="/wiki/Hasan_ibn_Ali" title="Hasan ibn Ali">Imam Hassan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh" title="Imamzadeh">Imamzadeh</a> Yahya Mosque – Aside from the mosque's aesthetic tile work and architectural design, this is a designated place of <a href="/wiki/Ziyarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziyarah">Ziyarah</a>, or Islamic pilgrimage. The mosque is characterized by its massive entrance, <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> windows, glossy marble flooring, and unique interior design.<sup id="cite_ref-semnan1_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semnan1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh" title="Imamzadeh">Imamzadeh</a> Ali ibn Jafar Mosque – Another place of <a href="/wiki/Ziyarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziyarah">Ziyarah</a>, or Islamic pilgrimage, with aesthetic tile work and architectural design. The mosque is characterized by its green domes and a massive adobe dome that towers above the complex.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imamzadeh" title="Imamzadeh">Imamzadeh</a> Ali ibn Ashraf Mosque – A place of <a href="/wiki/Ziyarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziyarah">Ziyarah</a>, or Islamic pilgrimage.<sup id="cite_ref-semnan1_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semnan1-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Memorial of the <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">Martyrs</a> (Mezar Shohada) – this building was constructed as an interior cemetery for the soldiers of Semnan that were martyred in the brutal <a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War" title="Iran–Iraq War">Iran–Iraq War</a> of 1980–1988. The building consists of a glossy marble flooring, elegant <a href="/wiki/Chandeliers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chandeliers">chandeliers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murals" class="mw-redirect" title="Murals">murals</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> windows.</li> <li>Hakim Elahi Mausoleum – Hakim Elahi was a prominent scholar of Islam and philosophy.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secular_structures">Secular structures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Secular structures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arg-semnan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Arg-semnan.jpg/220px-Arg-semnan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Arg-semnan.jpg/330px-Arg-semnan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Arg-semnan.jpg/440px-Arg-semnan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Historical entrance to the Semnan Citadel at night</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Pehne Hot Springs – a public bath house which uses hot therapeutic waters. These waters are utilized for relaxation as well as <a href="/wiki/Hydrotherapy" title="Hydrotherapy">hydrotherapy</a>.</li> <li>The Gate of the Semnan Fortress – built by the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar dynasty</a> under Prince Bahman Mirzaye Baha'ed-dowleh, the son of <a href="/wiki/Fath_Ali_Shah_Qajar" class="mw-redirect" title="Fath Ali Shah Qajar">Fath Ali Shah Qajar</a>. Unfortunately, <a href="/wiki/Reza_Shah_Pahlavi" class="mw-redirect" title="Reza Shah Pahlavi">Reza Shah Pahlavi</a> destroyed the other three entrances and the walls around the old city under the pretext of road construction.</li> <li>Semnan <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">Bazaar</a> – the place to buy the souvenirs, handicrafts, appliances, food items, etc.</li> <li>Pehne <a href="/wiki/Bazaar" title="Bazaar">Bazaar</a> – a large and vast center of commerce with multiple wings. Similar to most bazaars in <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a>, Pehne Bazaar has almost all the necessities as well as local products.<sup id="cite_ref-youtube1_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youtube1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sheikh Ala'ed-dowleh Bazaar – a traditional center of commerce that carries all the basic necessities as well as tourist items.</li> <li>Tadayyon House – a mansion style home of the wealthy class in the <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar</a> era of Semnan. This <a href="/wiki/Multi-story" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-story">multi-story</a> complex consists of a stable, a massive kitchen, a traditional <a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">cistern</a> of water, along with a towering <a href="/wiki/Windcatcher" title="Windcatcher">windcatcher</a>, signature of Iran's arid cities. The complex also features a unique <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Azerbaijani people">Azerbaijani</a> architectural design, signature of <a href="/wiki/Qajar_dynasty" title="Qajar dynasty">Qajar</a> era buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Interior Gardens of Semnan (Baghat Dakhil Shahr) – these massive gardens cover the entire southwestern portion of the city in a green, lush, and forested environment. The main trees that dominate the landscape are <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnut</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranate</a> trees. Within the gardens are numerous creeks trickling along the irrigated paths, as well as traditional <a href="/wiki/Adobe" title="Adobe">adobe</a> brick homes which provide much of the housing for the Maleh district of Semnan.</li> <li>The Garden Restaurant – is a traditional restaurant in the city of Semnan offering traditional Iranian cuisine, including local dishes and outdoor dining. The restaurant features an entrance arch decorated with <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> windows leading into a large courtyard filled with fountains, trees, flowers, and running water.</li> <li>Qich Qaleh hotel museum - the hotel museum has been built by a construction worker from Qich Qaleh village in Semnan Province. The man, who has turned his own house into the anthropology museum, hosts tourists from all over the country at his local residence.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA_%DA%86%D9%BE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA_%DA%86%D9%BE.jpg/220px-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA_%DA%86%D9%BE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA_%DA%86%D9%BE.jpg/330px-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA_%DA%86%D9%BE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA_%DA%86%D9%BE.jpg/440px-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA_%DA%86%D9%BE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>Shah Mosque</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_innovations">Historical innovations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Historical innovations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BadGir.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BadGir.JPG/220px-BadGir.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BadGir.JPG/330px-BadGir.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/BadGir.JPG/440px-BadGir.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Example of a <a href="/wiki/Badgir" class="mw-redirect" title="Badgir">badgir</a> attached to a <a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">cistern</a> of water in <a href="/wiki/Yazd,_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Yazd, Iran">Yazd, Iran</a> similar in construct to the ones in Semnan</figcaption></figure> <p>Semnan's proximity to the <a href="/wiki/Dasht-e_Kavir" title="Dasht-e Kavir">Kavir</a> Desert has provided the city with the opportunity to construct numerous facilities in order to cope with the dry climate. As a result, Semnan has numerous ancient, traditional irrigation systems known as <a href="/wiki/Qanat" title="Qanat">qanat</a>. In addition, the roofs of many buildings are decorated with windcatchers known in Persian as <a href="/wiki/Badgir" class="mw-redirect" title="Badgir">badgir</a>. These badgirs were normally attached to a small <a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">cistern</a> of drinking water known in Persian as <a href="/wiki/Ab_Anbar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ab Anbar">Ab Anbar</a>. These ancient, traditional, and clever designs and systems helped Semnan grow and prosper before the introduction of modern plumbing and appliances. Within the vicinity of the city, ancient <a href="/wiki/Caravanserais" class="mw-redirect" title="Caravanserais">caravanserais</a> from the active era of the historic and legendary <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a> can be found. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city of Semnan has traditionally been an important center of commerce along the historical <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>, and is still an important agricultural, industrial, and cultural center today. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_sector">Industrial sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Industrial sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The production of <a href="/wiki/Textile" title="Textile">textiles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carpet" title="Carpet">carpets</a> were the most important industries in the history of the city. But nowadays, in relation to its population, Semnan has very powerful industrial sectors, with special regards to its automobile industry (cars and bikes). Another major industry is the production of cement from the nearby cement plants. The mountains and foothills around Semnan also hold major deposits of minerals used in the production of plaster; these mines are known in Persian as <i>ma'dan e gach</i>. Other minerals that are mined around the city consist of <a href="/wiki/Gypsum" title="Gypsum">gypsum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salts" class="mw-redirect" title="Salts">salts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zeolite" title="Zeolite">zeolite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bentonite" title="Bentonite">bentonite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Celestine_(mineral)" title="Celestine (mineral)">celestine</a>. Some heavy industries of Semnan consist of the <a href="/wiki/Iran_Khodro" title="Iran Khodro">Iran Khodro</a> Semnan Production Plant (producing 100,000 <a href="/wiki/Samand" class="mw-redirect" title="Samand">Samand</a> cars per year), Oqab Afshan Production Plant (largest bus production plant in the region of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>), the Semnan Sodium Carbonate Company (largest in the region of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>), and the Semnan Rolling Mills Group (major producer of piping and profiles). One of the largest industrial zone in the city is the Semnan Industrial Town, which features 2,100 hectares of land and 900 industrial units.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agricultural_sector">Agricultural sector</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Agricultural sector"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agricultural traditions still persist around and within the city of Semnan. The Golrudbar river, which starts in the <a href="/wiki/Alborz" title="Alborz">Alborz</a> mountains in the north, runs through the western side of the city. With proper irrigation, the municipality has managed to convert the entire southwestern portion of the city into green and lush pomegranate gardens. Around the city, further irrigation of the Golrudbar river and the surrounding creeks and tributaries have provided the proper environment for the cultivation of herbs, eggplants, potatoes, walnuts, and cotton. </p><p>Semnan also produces handwoven rugs called <i>Glim</i>. These rugs consist of naturally dyed wools, woven into elaborate tribal and local designs.<sup id="cite_ref-youtube2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-youtube2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customs_and_traditions">Customs and traditions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Customs and traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norms">Norms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Norms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jinn_from_Ali_manuscript.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Jinn_from_Ali_manuscript.jpg/220px-Jinn_from_Ali_manuscript.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/75/Jinn_from_Ali_manuscript.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="293" data-file-height="137" /></a><figcaption>Artistic impression of <a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">jinn</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>While the validity of the following has not been verified, some Semnani families have reported that the traditional norms and customs of the city called for a high level of respect and prestigious treatment towards the <i>Sayyid</i> population; in return, the <i>Sayyids</i> were expected to demonstrate a dignified source of emulation and guidance for the citizens. If such norms and traditions existed, it is not clear to what extent they are practiced and carried out in today's Semnan.</li> <li>It has also been reported that the people of Semnan have historically refused to wear black clothing for the mourning of the dead, this does not include the religious mournings of <a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram</a> or the deaths and martyrdoms of <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> imams and figures. The foundation of this refusal appears to be rooted in the hatred of the people of Semnan towards the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid Caliphate</a> and its utilization of black flags.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Superstitions are highly intertwined with the religious beliefs amongst the older generations in Semnan. One example would be the historical refusal of the local people to travel near the <a href="/wiki/Rig-e_Jenn" title="Rig-e Jenn">Rig-e Jenn</a> or <i>Dunes of the <a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></i> while leading trade caravans south towards the Province of <a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a> in the past. The local people believed that evil, demonic spirits lived and dwelled near the sand dunes.</li> <li>Traditionally, the women were tasked with baking the oven-baked bread of the city. It is reported that in historical times, the women could make three months worth of bread in one day.<sup id="cite_ref-blogfa1_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogfa1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over time, the women responsible for the baking of the bread developed several folksongs that they would sing as they baked. Two famous folksongs are "môr siyô" and "nün bışkán".<sup id="cite_ref-blogfa1_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogfa1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Muharram_traditions">Muharram traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Muharram traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:10_Muharram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/10_Muharram.jpg/220px-10_Muharram.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/10_Muharram.jpg/330px-10_Muharram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/10_Muharram.jpg/440px-10_Muharram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="404" /></a><figcaption>Artistic impression of a historical <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Ashura" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Ashura">Ashura</a> mourning ceremony, by <a href="/wiki/Fausto_Zonaro" title="Fausto Zonaro">Fausto Zonaro</a> (1909)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram</a> is the first month of the <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Calendar">Islamic Calendar</a>, and also the month which marks the brutal and tragic martyrdom of the third <a href="/wiki/Shi%27a" class="mw-redirect" title="Shi'a">Shi'a</a> Imam, <a href="/wiki/Imam_Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Hussein">Imam Hussein</a> and 72 members of his household. The people of Semnan observe Muharram and the overall 50 days of mourning by refraining from worldly pleasures, such as music and joyful gatherings, wearing dark clothes to show intimate grief, and participating in outdoor rallies consisting of massive mourning accompanied by sorrowful chants which recall the events of the tragedy in <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a>, the place of <a href="/wiki/Imam_Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Hussein">Imam Hussein</a>'s martyrdom. In addition, the mournings on the tenth day of Muharram, known as <a href="/wiki/Day_of_Ashura" class="mw-redirect" title="Day of Ashura">Ashura</a>, consist of <a href="/wiki/Self-flagellation" title="Self-flagellation">self-flagellation</a> rituals in which the participants attempt to symbolically inflict pain upon themselves. Another major event held in Semnan during the month of <a href="/wiki/Muharram" title="Muharram">Muharram</a> is the reenactment of the tragedy of <a href="/wiki/Karbala" title="Karbala">Karbala</a>. Participating locals would wear the armor and clothing of the armies of <a href="/wiki/Imam_Hussein" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Hussein">Imam Hussein</a> and his enemies, as well as decorating the local horses in the cavalry uniform of the era. Thus, the battle would be reenacted.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this month's sorrowful rituals, it is custom to cook a community meal (usually a stew). This is done by placing colossal cauldrons outside upon a source of heat, then, people would take turns stirring the stew until it is ready to be consumed by the community's mourners.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nowrouz_traditions">Nowrouz traditions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Nowrouz traditions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samanoo-Samanou-Persian-sweet-paste-for-Nowruz-Haft-Sin-Tablet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Samanoo-Samanou-Persian-sweet-paste-for-Nowruz-Haft-Sin-Tablet.jpg/220px-Samanoo-Samanou-Persian-sweet-paste-for-Nowruz-Haft-Sin-Tablet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Samanoo-Samanou-Persian-sweet-paste-for-Nowruz-Haft-Sin-Tablet.jpg/330px-Samanoo-Samanou-Persian-sweet-paste-for-Nowruz-Haft-Sin-Tablet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Samanoo-Samanou-Persian-sweet-paste-for-Nowruz-Haft-Sin-Tablet.jpg/440px-Samanoo-Samanou-Persian-sweet-paste-for-Nowruz-Haft-Sin-Tablet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="1521" /></a><figcaption>Sample of <a href="/wiki/Samanu" title="Samanu">samanu</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The celebrations of <a href="/wiki/Nowrouz" class="mw-redirect" title="Nowrouz">Nowrouz</a> are slightly different in the city of Semnan. Since the beginning of the Iranian (Islamic) solar month of <i><a href="/wiki/Esfand" title="Esfand">Esfand</a></i>, a man dressed in red with a charcoal-blackened face known as <a href="/wiki/Hajji_Firuz" title="Hajji Firuz">Hajji Firuz</a> sits on top of a wooden horse, decorated with textiles, in the bazaars of Semnan. He congratulates the people and takes part in the establishment of the holiday environment. He sings in the Semnani language: <i>arbaab e mani somboli baleikom, arbaab e mani sarbalaayii hei kon, arbaab e mani bozboz e qandi, arbaab e mani chera nemikhandi</i>. </p><p>As the celebrations approach the Nowrouz, many celebrators blacken their faces with charcoal and join the celebrations. Another interesting aspect of the Nowrouz celebrations are the massive gatherings of the womenfolk in which they make covenants with God to cook large batches of <a href="/wiki/Samanu" title="Samanu">samanu</a> for the poor.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unique_foods_and_dishes">Unique foods and dishes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Unique foods and dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolooche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Kolooche.jpg/220px-Kolooche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Kolooche.jpg/330px-Kolooche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Kolooche.jpg/440px-Kolooche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="560" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Koloocheh_and_Masgati" class="mw-redirect" title="Koloocheh and Masgati">Kolüçe</a> cookies (right) demonstrate the <a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian</a> region's culinary influence on Semnan</figcaption></figure> <p>The people of Semnan have many foods and dishes that are specific to Semnan. Some of the common ingredients used in Semnani dishes consist of <a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">pomegranate</a> extracts, fresh walnuts from <a href="/wiki/Shahmirzad" title="Shahmirzad">Shahmirzad</a> (şômırzé), a variety of greens and herbs known in Persian as <i>sabzijat</i>, and more recently, potatoes. Semnani food tends to be slightly sour and spicey when compared to the general culinary preferences of Tehran. In fact, there is an old proverb among the local people that says, "Semnan has so many foods, that a wife from this city can cook a different dish for every night of the year." </p><p>Some of the famous dishes are: Chelo Gousht,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sabzi polo,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Khoresht" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoresht">Khoresht</a> e Esfanaj va Gerdou (espenôj vu yüz). The Semnani people are also quite fond of a variety of breads such as <a href="/wiki/Shirmal" class="mw-redirect" title="Shirmal">shirmal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shortbread" title="Shortbread">shortbread</a> (kamôç), and <a href="/wiki/Koloocheh_and_Masgati" class="mw-redirect" title="Koloocheh and Masgati">Kolüçe</a> pastries. In the Semnani language, bread that is baked in an oven is referred to as "nün," while bread made by other means is referred to as "sôdjí."<sup id="cite_ref-blogfa1_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blogfa1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following are the names of some foods in English and Semnani: chicken (gırká), pomegranate (nôr), grapes (engír), cucumber (djürüng), walnut (yüz), eggplant (vıngun), and apricot (şillık). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poetry">Poetry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Poetry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Poetry is the most important form of literature in the city of Semnan, especially in terms of its cultural value. Semnani people have contributed greatly to their poetry; they use poetry to express their emotions, philosophies, politics, etc., as well as to preserve the native <b>Semani</b> language. Other poetic works tend to be about God and nature. Also, many books have been published full of traditional poetry. Perhaps the most famous is <i>Nanén Hıkôtí</i>, or <i>Mom's Sayings</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two famous Semnani poets are Zabihullah Andaliba and Rahim Me`marian.<sup id="cite_ref-sampadia1_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sampadia1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following is an excerpt from a poem about Spring, by Rahim Me`marian, in the Semnani language, along with an English translation: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <p><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">بییما فصلی بهاری... ماکره دل بیقراری<br /> دو وچش دشت و بیابون... سوزه چی مخملی واری</span> </p><p><i>The Season of Spring has arrived</i>... <i>It sways (the emotions) of the heart</i>, <br /> <i>It spreads across the meadows and the desert</i>... <i>A velvet-like green</i>. <br /> -<i>Rahim Me`marian</i> </p> </div> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Short_stories">Short stories</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Short stories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are countless short stories that belong to the Semnani language. Similar to poetry, short stories account for a major section of the literature of Semnan. Due to the previous, little use of orthography, the Semnani language was not able to produce any large single story or novel. Nevertheless, short stories were created to both record history and entertain. These short stories were passed on generation after generation, and have now been recently recorded in books. One famous short story is "frônsé shô vu rüá," or "(The) French King and (the) Cat."<sup id="cite_ref-sampadia1_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sampadia1-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city of Semnan receives all the nationwide stations broadcast by <a href="/wiki/IRIB" class="mw-redirect" title="IRIB">IRIB</a>. In addition to the nationwide channels, Semnan is the broadcasting location of <b>Semnan TV</b>, the provincial television station. Semnan TV has made several great achievements in the film and documentary fields. One notable documentary is that of the life of Ali Akbar Moallem Damghani, an Islamic scholar and mystic.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the wide variety of dialects spoken throughout the Semnan Province, all of Semnan TV's main broadcasting is in the Persian language in order to avoid the unfair advancement of the city's own dialect. This policy has angered a significant portion of the population which remains deeply concerned with regards to the deteriorating state of the Semnani language altogether. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Similar to television, the city of Semnan receives all the national radio frequencies broadcast by <a href="/wiki/IRIB" class="mw-redirect" title="IRIB">IRIB</a>. Due to Semnan's status as the provincial capital, <b>Radio Semnan</b> is based in the city and broadcasts for the entire Semnan Province. Radio Semnan first began to operate in 1976 with the utilization of 10 <a href="/wiki/Kilowatts" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilowatts">kilowatts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-semnannews_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semnannews-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few years after the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Revolution">Islamic Revolution</a>, Radio Semnan underwent a major expansion in the year 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-semnannews_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semnannews-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This provided a variety of broadcasting, i.e. religious, political, recent events, cultural, etc., as well as increasing the broadcasting duration up to fifteen hours per day.<sup id="cite_ref-semnannews_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semnannews-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, Radio Semnan is an important media asset for the entire Semnan Province, and serves as a major source of reliable information and discussions from a wide variety of topics. According to the representative of Radio Semnan, Abdulreza Dehrouye, "the variety of regional dialects, the strategic geographical location, the good climate, the contributions of the educated elite, the centers of industry and mineral extraction, the various university complexes, the massive labor force, and the highly literate and educated municipal population are all contributing factors into establishing the framework of the great and spiritual network Radio Semnan offers today."<sup id="cite_ref-semnannews_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semnannews-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, Radio Semnan is unique in offering broadcast time in which residents may call in and engage in direct dialogue with city representatives and officials.<sup id="cite_ref-semnannews_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-semnannews-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This provides the people as well as city officials the opportunity to address general public concerns and discuss future plans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspapers">Newspapers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Newspapers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the numerous nationwide newspapers such as "hamshahri" and "Jomhuri ye Eslami", Semnan publishes many of its own newspapers as well as newspapers for other major cities throughout the Semnan Province. These newspapers consist of: </p> <ul><li>the daily "Payam e Ostan e Semnan" (Message of the Semnan Province)</li> <li>the weekly "Kavir" (Salt Marsh)</li> <li>the weekly "Ham Nazar" (Comments)</li> <li>the weekly "Javane ye Emrouz" (Daily Sprout)</li> <li>the weekly "Shahvar" (Kingly)</li> <li>the bi-weekly "Payam e Shahroud" (Message of Shahroud)</li> <li>the monthly "Zofor" (Victory)</li> <li>the monthly "Chafiyye" (<a href="/wiki/Keffiyeh" title="Keffiyeh">Keffiyeh</a>)</li> <li>the monthly "Chante" (Wallet)</li> <li>the "Journal" of the College of Anthropology of the University of Semnan</li> <li>the monthly "Healthcare Newsletter" of the Semnan Center of Health</li></ul> <p>The city's extensive online newspaper can be accessed at www.semnannews.com.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_News_Agency" title="Islamic Republic News Agency">Islamic Republic News Agency</a> also features a provincial news outlet dedicated to the Semnan Province.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports_and_aviation">Airports and aviation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Airports and aviation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is served by both the <a href="/wiki/Semnan_Municipal_Airport" title="Semnan Municipal Airport">Semnan Municipal Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/IATA_airport_code" title="IATA airport code">IATA</a>: <b>SNX</b>, <a href="/wiki/ICAO_airport_code" title="ICAO airport code">ICAO</a>: <b>OIIS</b>) and <a href="/wiki/New_Semnan_Airport" title="New Semnan Airport">New Semnan Airport</a> (<a href="/wiki/ICAO_airport_code" title="ICAO airport code">ICAO</a>: <b>OI21</b>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is served by the <b>Semnan Railway Station</b>, which features double rails and services to the major cities of Tehran (Westward) and <a href="/wiki/Mashad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashad">Mashad</a> (Eastward). In addition to services to Tehran and <a href="/wiki/Mashad" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashad">Mashad</a>, there are separate railway services to the cities of <a href="/wiki/Garmsar" title="Garmsar">Garmsar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shahrud" title="Shahrud">Shahrud</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damghan" title="Damghan">Damghan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meyami" title="Meyami">Meyami</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sorkheh" title="Sorkheh">Sorkheh</a>, all within the Province of Semnan.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Semnan Railway Station features modern electric rail services as well.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The city is further served by the <b>Semnan Municipal Train</b> system which connects the major points of the city by rail. This train service resembles the <a href="/wiki/Light_rail_transit" class="mw-redirect" title="Light rail transit">light rail transit</a> systems that serve several cities throughout the <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">Western world</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_transportation_services">Other transportation services</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Other transportation services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semnan also offers an extensive bus route throughout the entire municipality as well as numerous public and private taxi services. Similar to most cities in Iran, Semnan has a particular taxi service referred to in Persian as "agence." This originally <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> word is used to denote taxis that arrive at the individual's place of residence and provide service to the individual's destination. This form of service varies from the regular taxi services in Semnan, which only operate on pre-assigned routes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Higher_education">Higher education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Higher education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Semnan_University.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Semnan_University.jpg/220px-Semnan_University.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Semnan_University.jpg/330px-Semnan_University.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Semnan_University.jpg/440px-Semnan_University.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>An entrance to the Semnan University campus</figcaption></figure> <p>Around 99% of all of Semnan's residents are literate.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, many residents seek higher education and high level services such as medical, pharmacological, and high-tech engineering professions. </p><p>Some of the major centers of higher education are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semnan_University" title="Semnan University">Semnan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semnan_University_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Semnan University of Medical Sciences">Semnan University of Medical Sciences</a><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Islamic Azad University of Semnan<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Payame_Noor_University" title="Payame Noor University">Payame Noor University</a></li> <li>University of Imam Hosseyn</li> <li>University of Shaheed Abbasspour</li></ul> <p>The University of Industry of Semnan is another planned, future university. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ala_ud-Daula_Simnani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ala ud-Daula Simnani">Ala ud-Daula Simnani</a> (1261-1336)<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> - poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Jahangir_Semnani" title="Ashraf Jahangir Semnani">Ashraf Jahangir Semnani</a> (1287-1386) - <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> saint<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nematollah_Nassiri" title="Nematollah Nassiri">Nematollah Nassiri</a> (1911-1979) - head of <a href="/wiki/SAVAK" title="SAVAK">SAVAK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nosratollah_Noohian" title="Nosratollah Noohian">Nosratollah Noohian</a> (born 1931) - poet</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shapoor_Gharib" title="Shapoor Gharib">Shapoor Gharib</a> (born 1933) - film director</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parviz_Sabeti" title="Parviz Sabeti">Parviz Sabeti</a> (born 1936) - security officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a> (born 1948) - 7th <a href="/wiki/President_of_Iran" title="President of Iran">president of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majid_Derakhshani" title="Majid Derakhshani">Majid Derakhshani</a> (born 1957) - musician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farhad_Rahbar" title="Farhad Rahbar">Farhad Rahbar</a> (born 1959) - politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Khatami" title="Ahmad Khatami">Ahmad Khatami</a> (born 1960) - politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Kavakebian" title="Mostafa Kavakebian">Mostafa Kavakebian</a> (born 1963) - politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojtaba_Shaban" title="Mojtaba Shaban">Mojtaba Shaban</a> (born 1987) - volleyball player</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Photo_gallery">Photo gallery</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Photo gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 815px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maryam_amid.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Maryam Amid Semnani Mozayyan As-Saltaneh [fa]"><img alt="Maryam Amid Semnani Mozayyan As-Saltaneh [fa]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Maryam_amid.jpg/120px-Maryam_amid.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Maryam_amid.jpg/180px-Maryam_amid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Maryam_amid.jpg/240px-Maryam_amid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="1199" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryam_Amid_Semnani_Mozayyan_As-Saltaneh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maryam Amid Semnani Mozayyan As-Saltaneh (page does not exist)">Maryam Amid Semnani Mozayyan As-Saltaneh</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85_%D8%B9%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF" class="extiw" title="fa:مریم عمید">fa</a>]</span></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:General_Nasiri_(1).gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Nematollah Nassiri"><img alt="Nematollah Nassiri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/General_Nasiri_%281%29.gif/120px-General_Nasiri_%281%29.gif" decoding="async" width="120" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/66/General_Nasiri_%281%29.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="212" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Nematollah_Nassiri" title="Nematollah Nassiri">Nematollah Nassiri</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hassan_Rouhani_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hassan Rouhani"><img alt="Hassan Rouhani" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Hassan_Rouhani_2.jpg/120px-Hassan_Rouhani_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Hassan_Rouhani_2.jpg/180px-Hassan_Rouhani_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Hassan_Rouhani_2.jpg/240px-Hassan_Rouhani_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1384" data-file-height="2020" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani" title="Hassan Rouhani">Hassan Rouhani</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mostafa_Kavakebian2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mostafa Kavakebian"><img alt="Mostafa Kavakebian" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mostafa_Kavakebian2.jpg/120px-Mostafa_Kavakebian2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mostafa_Kavakebian2.jpg/180px-Mostafa_Kavakebian2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Mostafa_Kavakebian2.jpg/240px-Mostafa_Kavakebian2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="599" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Mostafa_Kavakebian" title="Mostafa Kavakebian">Mostafa Kavakebian</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Semnan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Semnan">Semnan</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p><p><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/32px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/48px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/64px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Iran" title="Portal:Iran">Iran portal</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Clouds_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="The Clouds Forest">The Clouds Forest</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also <a href="/wiki/Romanize" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanize">romanized</a> as <b>Samnān</b> and <b>Semnān</b><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418122852/http://semnanline.com/2018/05/13/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%87-%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D8%B3%D9%85/">"پاسداشت هویت مردم سمنان بعنوان صاحبان "دار المرحمه"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 13 May 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://semnanline.com/2018/05/13/%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b3%d8%b9%d9%87-%da%af%d8%b1%d8%af%d8%b4%da%af%d8%b1%db%8c-%d8%b2%d9%85%db%8c%d9%86%d9%87-%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%b1%d8%b4%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%db%8c-%d8%b3%d9%85/">the original</a> on 18 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%AA+%D9%87%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AA+%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85+%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86+%22%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%87%22&rft.date=2018-05-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsemnanline.com%2F2018%2F05%2F13%2F%25d8%25aa%25d9%2588%25d8%25b3%25d8%25b9%25d9%2587-%25da%25af%25d8%25b1%25d8%25af%25d8%25b4%25da%25af%25d8%25b1%25db%258c-%25d8%25b2%25d9%2585%25db%258c%25d9%2586%25d9%2587-%25d8%25b3%25d8%25a7%25d8%25b2-%25d8%25b1%25d8%25b4%25d8%25af-%25d8%25a7%25d9%2582%25d8%25aa%25d8%25b5%25d8%25a7%25d8%25af%25db%258c-%25d8%25b3%25d9%2585%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOpenStreetMap_contributors2023" class="citation map cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">OpenStreetMap contributors (25 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/?mlat=35.581111&mlon=53.383333&zoom=14#map=14/35.5811/53.3833">"Semnan, Semnan County"</a> (Map). <i><a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></i> (in Persian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=OpenStreetMap&rft.atitle=Semnan%2C+Semnan+County&rft.date=2023-04-25&rft.au=OpenStreetMap+contributors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openstreetmap.org%2F%3Fmlat%3D35.581111%26mlon%3D53.383333%26zoom%3D14%23map%3D14%2F35.5811%2F53.3833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://english.semnan.ac.ir/News/The-meeting-of-the-mayors-of-the-province-to-hold-the-international-Silk-Road-event-at-Semnan-University">https://english.semnan.ac.ir/News/The-meeting-of-the-mayors-of-the-province-to-hold-the-international-Silk-Road-event-at-Semnan-University</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2016_census-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2016_census_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016_census_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2016_census_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201117022823/https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_20.xlsx">"Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)"</a>. <i>AMAR</i> (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 20. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/abadi/CN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_20.xlsx">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Excel)</span> on 17 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMAR&rft.atitle=Census+of+the+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran%2C+1395+%282016%29&rft.pages=20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amar.org.ir%2FPortals%2F0%2Fcensus%2F1395%2Fresults%2Fabadi%2FCN95_HouseholdPopulationVillage_20.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Damghan can be found at <a href="/wiki/GEOnet_Names_Server" title="GEOnet Names Server">GEOnet Names Server</a>, at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geonames.nga.mil/namesgaz/">this link</a>, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3083472" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Semnan_Structure-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Semnan_Structure_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabibi1990" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Habibi, Hassan (12 September 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240102114018/https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113023">"Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Semnan province, centered in Semnan city"</a>. <i>Lamtakam</i> (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lamtakam.com/law/council_of_ministers/113023">the original</a> on 2 January 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lamtakam&rft.atitle=Approval+of+the+organization+and+chain+of+citizenship+of+the+elements+and+units+of+the+national+divisions+of+Semnan+province%2C+centered+in+Semnan+city&rft.date=1990-09-12&rft.aulast=Habibi&rft.aufirst=Hassan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flamtakam.com%2Flaw%2Fcouncil_of_ministers%2F113023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blogfa1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blogfa1_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blogfa1_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blogfa1_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blogfa1_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://banooyeedalat.blogfa.com/post-255.aspx">"ترانه های مشک زنی زنان"</a>. <i>فرشته ی عدالت</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2024</span>. <q>WMO number: 40757</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ncei.noaa.gov&rft.atitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1991-2020%3A+Semnan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fdata%2Foceans%2Farchive%2Farc0216%2F0253808%2F2.2%2Fdata%2F0-data%2FRegion-2-WMO-Normals-9120%2FIran%2FCSV%2FSemnan_40757.csv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clino81-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clino81_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1981-2010/RA-II/Iran/WMO_Normals_Excel_IRAN_060719.xls">"World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981-2010: Semnan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <i>ncei.noaa.gov</i>. <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a>. p. 16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 April</span> 2024</span>. <q>WMO number: 40757</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ncei.noaa.gov&rft.atitle=World+Meteorological+Organization+Climate+Normals+for+1981-2010%3A+Semnan&rft.pages=16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1981-2010%2FRA-II%2FIran%2FWMO_Normals_Excel_IRAN_060719.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semnan.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4727&Site=douranPortal&Lang=fa-IR">"شهرداری سمنان"</a>. <i>www.semnan.ir</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.semnan.ir&rft.atitle=%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semnan.ir%2FHomePage.aspx%3FTabID%3D4727%26Site%3DdouranPortal%26Lang%3Dfa-IR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-semnan1-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-semnan1_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-semnan1_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semnan.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4712&Site=douranPortal&Lang=fa-IR">"شهرداری سمنان"</a>. <i>www.semnan.ir</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.semnan.ir&rft.atitle=%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semnan.ir%2FHomePage.aspx%3FTabID%3D4712%26Site%3DdouranPortal%26Lang%3Dfa-IR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semnan.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4711&Site=douranPortal&Lang=fa-IR">"شهرداری سمنان"</a>. <i>www.semnan.ir</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.semnan.ir&rft.atitle=%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semnan.ir%2FHomePage.aspx%3FTabID%3D4711%26Site%3DdouranPortal%26Lang%3Dfa-IR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semnan.ir/HomePage.aspx?TabID=4714&Site=douranPortal&Lang=fa-IR">"شهرداری سمنان"</a>. <i>www.semnan.ir</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.semnan.ir&rft.atitle=%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semnan.ir%2FHomePage.aspx%3FTabID%3D4714%26Site%3DdouranPortal%26Lang%3Dfa-IR&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ifpnews.com/exclusive/iranian-villager-turns-his-house-into-popular-hotel-museum/">"Iranian Villager Turns His House into Popular Hotel Museum"</a>. <i>IFPNews.com</i>. 23 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IFPNews.com&rft.atitle=Iranian+Villager+Turns+His+House+into+Popular+Hotel+Museum&rft.date=2018-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fifpnews.com%2Fexclusive%2Firanian-villager-turns-his-house-into-popular-hotel-museum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-youtube2-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-youtube2_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140523154511/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOFxbsUf4pk&feature=relmfu">"YouTube"</a>. <i>www.youtube.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOFxbsUf4pk">the original</a> on 23 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.youtube.com&rft.atitle=YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DzOFxbsUf4pk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.travelblog.org/Middle-East/Iran/North/blog-606063.html">"Account Disabled"</a>. <i>www.travelblog.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.travelblog.org&rft.atitle=Account+Disabled&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.travelblog.org%2FMiddle-East%2FIran%2FNorth%2Fblog-606063.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irna.ir/NewsShow.aspx?NID=30160866">"خطای نابهنگام"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%85&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firna.ir%2FNewsShow.aspx%3FNID%3D30160866&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFسلامت" class="citation web cs1">سلامت, مهرداد. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://semnany.mihanblog.com/post/376">"سمنان"</a>. <i>semnany.mihanblog.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=semnany.mihanblog.com&rft.atitle=%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86&rft.aulast=%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA&rft.aufirst=%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsemnany.mihanblog.com%2Fpost%2F376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFسلامت" class="citation web cs1">سلامت, مهرداد. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://semnanonline.ir/post/279">"سمنان"</a>. <i>semnanonline.ir</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=semnanonline.ir&rft.atitle=%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86&rft.aulast=%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA&rft.aufirst=%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsemnanonline.ir%2Fpost%2F279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hamzan.ir/article1457.html">سایت دستور پخت غذا - چلو گوشت سمنانی</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623053926/http://hamzan.ir/article1457.html">Archived</a> 2011-06-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persianpersia.com/health/details.php?articleid=1810&parentid=65&catid=91">"سبزی پلوی سمنانی ها سبزتر است!-پرشین پرشیا"</a>. <i>www.persianpersia.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.persianpersia.com&rft.atitle=%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2%DB%8C+%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%88%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D9%87%D8%A7+%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%AA%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%21-%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86+%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persianpersia.com%2Fhealth%2Fdetails.php%3Farticleid%3D1810%26parentid%3D65%26catid%3D91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.safinehnooh.com/booklist.pdf">Mr. Nooh’s Books</a> safinehnooh.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sampadia1-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sampadia1_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sampadia1_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sampadia.com/forum/index.php?topic=49958.0">"سمپادیا - شبکه سمپاد"</a>. <i>سمپادیا - شبکه سمپاد</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7+-+%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87+%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF&rft.atitle=%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7+-+%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87+%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sampadia.com%2Fforum%2Findex.php%3Ftopic%3D49958.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFسلامت" class="citation web cs1">سلامت, مهرداد. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://semnany.mihanblog.com/post/155">"سمنان"</a>. <i>semnany.mihanblog.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=semnany.mihanblog.com&rft.atitle=%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86&rft.aulast=%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA&rft.aufirst=%D9%85%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsemnany.mihanblog.com%2Fpost%2F155&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aliakbar-moallem.com/films.htm">AliAkbar Moallem</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330221504/http://www.aliakbar-moallem.com/films.htm">Archived</a> 2012-03-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-semnannews-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-semnannews_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-semnannews_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-semnannews_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-semnannews_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-semnannews_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semnannews.com/special_news/1390_06/000872.php">"شبکه خبری سمنان » اخبار ویژه » شبکه استانی صدای سمنان ۹ ساله شد"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87+%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86+%C2%BB+%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87+%C2%BB+%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C+%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86+%DB%B9+%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B4%D8%AF&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semnannews.com%2Fspecial_news%2F1390_06%2F000872.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902000220/http://www.semnannews.com/">"شبکه خبری سمنان"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semnannews.com/">the original</a> on 2 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87+%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semnannews.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irna.ir/Province.aspx?ProvID=200001">خبرگزاري جمهوري اسلامي</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110805021606/http://www.irna.ir/Province.aspx?ProvID=200001">Archived</a> 2011-08-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rai.ir/Site.aspx?ParTree=A01D12">"خطا در نمایش صفحه"</a>. <i>www.rai.ir</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rai.ir&rft.atitle=%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%A7+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4+%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rai.ir%2FSite.aspx%3FParTree%3DA01D12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shahrod.rai.ir/Site.aspx?ParTree=A09000A012&LnkIdn=23319">اداره كل راه آهن شمالشرق</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120330235650/http://shahrod.rai.ir/Site.aspx?ParTree=A09000A012&LnkIdn=23319">Archived</a> 2012-03-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehnegarsoft.com2010" class="citation web cs1">Behnegarsoft.com (25 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibna.ir/vdcdsj05.yt0zo6me2y.html">"IBNA - All Semnan villages will have a public library"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IBNA+-+All+Semnan+villages+will+have+a+public+library&rft.date=2010-05-25&rft.au=Behnegarsoft.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibna.ir%2Fvdcdsj05.yt0zo6me2y.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060713052247/http://www.sem-ums.ac.ir/">"intro"</a>. 13 July 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sem-ums.ac.ir/">the original</a> on 13 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=intro&rft.date=2006-07-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sem-ums.ac.ir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gilrc.sem-ums.ac.ir">درباره مرکز اهداف و آرمانها همکاران</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061015000109/http://gilrc.sem-ums.ac.ir/">Archived</a> 2006-10-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semnaniau.ac.ir/">University website</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFelectricpulp.com" class="citation web cs1">electricpulp.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ala-al-dawla-semnani">"ʿALĀʾ-AL-DAWLA SEMNĀNĪ – Encyclopaedia Iranica"</a>. <i>www.iranicaonline.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.iranicaonline.org&rft.atitle=%CA%BFAL%C4%80%CA%BE-AL-DAWLA+SEMN%C4%80N%C4%AA+%E2%80%93+Encyclopaedia+Iranica&rft.au=electricpulp.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranicaonline.org%2Farticles%2Fala-al-dawla-semnani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemnan%2C+Iran" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Hayate Makhdoom Syed <a href="/wiki/Ashraf_Jahangir_Semnani" title="Ashraf Jahangir Semnani">Ashraf Jahangir Semnani</a>(1975), Second Edition(2017) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-85295-54-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-85295-54-6">978-93-85295-54-6</a>, Maktaba Jamia Ltd, Shamshad Market, Aligarh 202002, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semnan.ir/">Semnan.ir</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.semnanline.com">Semnanline newsportal</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Semnan_in_Iran.svg/225px-Semnan_in_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Semnan_in_Iran.svg/300px-Semnan_in_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="457" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Iran" title="Counties of Iran">Counties</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Iran">cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Aradan_County" title="Aradan County">Aradan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aradan,_Iran" title="Aradan, Iran">Aradan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohanabad" title="Kohanabad">Kohanabad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Damghan_County" title="Damghan County">Damghan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Damghan" title="Damghan">Damghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiriyeh" title="Amiriyeh">Amiriyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dibaj" title="Dibaj">Dibaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalateh_Rudbar" title="Kalateh Rudbar">Kalateh Rudbar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Garmsar_County" title="Garmsar County">Garmsar County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garmsar" title="Garmsar">Garmsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyvanki" title="Eyvanki">Eyvanki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mehdishahr_County" title="Mehdishahr County">Mehdishahr County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mehdishahr" title="Mehdishahr">Mehdishahr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darjazin" title="Darjazin">Darjazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahmirzad" title="Shahmirzad">Shahmirzad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meyami_County" title="Meyami County">Meyami County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meyami" title="Meyami">Meyami</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semnan_County" title="Semnan County">Semnan County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Semnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Shahrud_County" title="Shahrud County">Shahrud County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shahrud,_Iran" title="Shahrud, Iran">Shahrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastam" title="Bastam">Bastam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beyarjomand" title="Beyarjomand">Beyarjomand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalateh_Khij" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalateh Khij">Kalateh Khij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojen" title="Mojen">Mojen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sorkheh_County" title="Sorkheh County">Sorkheh County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sorkheh" title="Sorkheh">Sorkheh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hecatompylos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hecatompylos">Hecatompylos</a></li> <li>Bayazid Shrine Complex</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahmirzad" title="Shahmirzad">Shahmirzad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarbadars" title="Sarbadars">Hasan Juri's</a> burial place,Shahrood</li> <li>Grand Bazar of Semnan</li> <li>Chehel-Dokhtar tower,Damghan</li> <li>mehmandost tower , Damghan</li> <li>Gate of Semnan citadel</li> <li>Darband cave , Mehdishahr</li> <li>Shirband cave , Damghan</li> <li>Siahkuh palaces , Garmsar</li> <li>Kohan Dej castle , Semnan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damghan#Hashshashin_Forts" title="Damghan">Gerdkuh castle</a> , Damghan</li> <li>Sepahsalar caravansary , Damghan</li> <li>Semnan museum</li> <li>Shahrood museum</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarikhaneh_Temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarikhaneh Temple">Tarikhaneh Temple</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">populated places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities,_towns_and_villages_in_Semnan_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities, towns and villages in Semnan Province">List of cities, towns and villages in Semnan Province</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Semnan_County" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Semnan_County" title="Template:Semnan County"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Semnan_County" title="Template talk:Semnan County"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Semnan_County" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Semnan County"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Iran&#124;link=Iran_Semnan_County" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Semnan_County" title="Semnan County">Semnan County</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Semnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Iran" title="Administrative divisions of Iran">Districts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Central" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_District_(Semnan_County)" title="Central District (Semnan County)">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Semnan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rural_Districts_of_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Rural Districts of Iran">Rural Districts</a><br /> and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Howmeh" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><a href="/wiki/Howmeh_Rural_District_(Semnan_County)" title="Howmeh Rural District (Semnan County)">Howmeh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhvor" class="mw-redirect" title="Abkhvor">Abkhvor</a></li> <li>Ajarfajar Factory</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ala,_Iran" title="Ala, Iran">Ala</a></li> <li>Ala Industrial Zone</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asr_Mohammad_Garrison" class="mw-redirect" title="Asr Mohammad Garrison">Asr Mohammad Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brickworks,_Semnan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brickworks, Semnan (page does not exist)">Brickworks, Semnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheshmeh-ye_Sarhang" title="Cheshmeh-ye Sarhang">Cheshmeh-ye Sarhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Farm_1" title="Cooperative Farm 1">Cooperative Farm 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Farm_2" title="Cooperative Farm 2">Cooperative Farm 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dehraviyeh_Poultry_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dehraviyeh Poultry Company (page does not exist)">Dehraviyeh Poultry Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delazian" title="Delazian">Delazian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowzahir" title="Dowzahir">Dowzahir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajjiabad-e_Khvoriad" title="Hajjiabad-e Khvoriad">Hajjiabad-e Khvoriad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamyard" title="Hamyard">Hamyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanabad,_Semnan" title="Hasanabad, Semnan">Hasanabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_Park,_Semnan" title="Industrial Park, Semnan">Industrial Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jam,_Semnan" title="Jam, Semnan">Jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kheyrabad,_Semnan" title="Kheyrabad, Semnan">Kheyrabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmudabad,_Semnan" title="Mahmudabad, Semnan">Mahmudabad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mazraeh-ye_Shariat_Panahi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mazraeh-ye Shariat Panahi (page does not exist)">Mazraeh-ye Shariat Panahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_Base,_Semnan" title="Military Base, Semnan">Military Base, Semnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narkan" title="Narkan">Narkan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nukeh" title="Nukeh">Nukeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railway_Station,_Semnan" title="Railway Station, Semnan">Railway Station, Semnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roknabad,_Semnan" title="Roknabad, Semnan">Roknabad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sefid_Shomareh_Yek_Meat_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sefid Shomareh Yek Meat Company (page does not exist)">Sefid Shomareh Yek Meat Company</a></li> <li>Seyyedabad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahrak-e_Afaghaneh" title="Shahrak-e Afaghaneh">Shahrak-e Afaghaneh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vashyeng_Agricultural_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vashyeng Agricultural Company (page does not exist)">Vashyeng Agricultural Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zereshkuh" title="Zereshkuh">Zereshkuh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" title="Template:Provincial capitals of Iran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" title="Template talk:Provincial capitals of Iran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Provincial capitals of Iran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Provincial_capitals_of_Iran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Iran" title="Provinces of Iran">Provincial</a> capitals of <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahvaz" title="Ahvaz">Ahvaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arak,_Iran" title="Arak, Iran">Arak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardabil" title="Ardabil">Ardabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Bandar Abbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birjand" title="Birjand">Birjand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bojnord" title="Bojnord">Bojnord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushehr" title="Bushehr">Bushehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorgan" title="Gorgan">Gorgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamadan" title="Hamadan">Hamadan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilam,_Iran" title="Ilam, Iran">Ilam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isfahan" title="Isfahan">Isfahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaj" title="Karaj">Karaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerman" title="Kerman">Kerman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kermanshah" title="Kermanshah">Kermanshah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorramabad" title="Khorramabad">Khorramabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad">Mashhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qazvin" title="Qazvin">Qazvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qom" title="Qom">Qom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasht" title="Rasht">Rasht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanandaj" title="Sanandaj">Sanandaj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sari,_Iran" title="Sari, Iran">Sari</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Semnan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shahr-e_Kord" title="Shahr-e Kord">Shahr-e Kord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiraz" title="Shiraz">Shiraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabriz" title="Tabriz">Tabriz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehran" title="Tehran">Tehran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmia" title="Urmia">Urmia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasuj" title="Yasuj">Yasuj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yazd" title="Yazd">Yazd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zahedan" title="Zahedan">Zahedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran" title="Zanjan, Iran">Zanjan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&oldid=1253562091">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Semnan,_Iran&oldid=1253562091</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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