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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigazione </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pagina_principale" title="Visita la pagina principale [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Pagina principale</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:UltimeModifiche" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche del sito [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ultime modifiche</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PaginaCasuale" title="Mostra una pagina a caso [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una voce a caso</span></a></li><li id="n-nearby-pages-title" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:NelleVicinanze"><span>Nelle vicinanze</span></a></li><li id="n-vetrina" class="mw-list-item"><a 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value="Speciale:Ricerca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Ricerca</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Strumenti personali"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Umami" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Umami" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>entra</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu 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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Caratteristiche" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caratteristiche"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Caratteristiche</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caratteristiche-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definizione" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definizione"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Definizione</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definizione-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Umami</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 53 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" title="أومامي - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أومامي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - bavarese" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Умами - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Умами" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B9" title="Ουμάμι - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουμάμι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umamo" title="Umamo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Umamo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C" title="اومامی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اومامی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabor_umami" title="Sabor umami - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sabor umami" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%AB" title="Ումամի - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ումամի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurih" title="Gurih - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gurih" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%86%E3%81%BE%E5%91%B3" title="うま味 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="うま味" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurih" title="Gurih - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gurih" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EC%B9%A0%EB%A7%9B" title="감칠맛 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="감칠맛" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C3%AAja_umam%C3%AE" title="Çêja umamî - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Çêja umamî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Умами - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Умами" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF" title="ഉമാമി - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉമാമി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Умами - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Умами" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesni_okus" title="Mesni okus - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mesni okus" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF" title="உமாமி - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உமாமி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4" title="อูมามิ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อูมามิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%96" title="Умамі - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Умамі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umami" title="Umami - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Umami" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B2%9C%E5%91%B3%E9%81%93" title="鲜味道 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鲜味道" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AE%AE%E5%91%B3" title="鮮味 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鮮味" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%AE%AE%E5%91%B3" title="鮮味 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鮮味" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q202637#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&oldid=142287542" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Umami&id=142287542&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUmami"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUmami"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Umami"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Umami&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q202637" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:204px;flex-direction:row"><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:202px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:-_Dried_Boletus_edulis_-.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/-_Dried_Boletus_edulis_-.jpg/200px--_Dried_Boletus_edulis_-.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/-_Dried_Boletus_edulis_-.jpg/300px--_Dried_Boletus_edulis_-.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/-_Dried_Boletus_edulis_-.jpg/400px--_Dried_Boletus_edulis_-.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2475" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></div><div style="clear:left"></div><div class="tsingle" style="float:left;margin:1px;width:202px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parmeggiano_Reggiano_24_Meses_(21129931080).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Parmeggiano_Reggiano_24_Meses_%2821129931080%29.jpg/200px-Parmeggiano_Reggiano_24_Meses_%2821129931080%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Parmeggiano_Reggiano_24_Meses_%2821129931080%29.jpg/300px-Parmeggiano_Reggiano_24_Meses_%2821129931080%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Parmeggiano_Reggiano_24_Meses_%2821129931080%29.jpg/400px-Parmeggiano_Reggiano_24_Meses_%2821129931080%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="1545" /></a></span></div></div><div style="clear:left"></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="clear:left;text-align:left">Funghi secchi e <a href="/wiki/Parmigiano_Reggiano" title="Parmigiano Reggiano">Parmigiano Reggiano</a>, alimenti in cui l'umami è molto presente</div></div></div> <p><b>Umami</b><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span dir="ltr" lang="ja">旨み、旨味、うまみ</span><span style="font:bold 80% sans-serif; text-decoration:none; padding:0 .1em;"><sup><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Giapponese" title="Aiuto:Giapponese">?</a></sup></span> <abbr title="letteralmente">lett.</abbr> "squisitezza" o "gusto buono")</span> è un termine di origine <a href="/wiki/Lingua_giapponese" title="Lingua giapponese">giapponese</a>, che dagli anni '90 viene usato nel lessico della fisiologia della nutrizione per definire la particolare sensazione gustativa indotta dal <a href="/wiki/Glutammato_monosodico" title="Glutammato monosodico">glutammato monosodico</a>. È indicato come uno dei <a href="/wiki/Gusto" title="Gusto">gusti</a> fondamentali percepiti dalle cellule <a href="/wiki/Recettore_sensoriale" class="mw-redirect" title="Recettore sensoriale">recettrici</a> specializzate presenti nel <a href="/wiki/Cavo_orale" class="mw-redirect" title="Cavo orale">cavo orale</a> umano, affiancato ai tradizionali quattro <a href="/wiki/Gusto" title="Gusto">sapori fondamentali</a>, ovvero <a href="/wiki/Dolce" title="Dolce">dolce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salato" title="Salato">salato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amaro_(sapore)" title="Amaro (sapore)">amaro</a> e <a href="/wiki/Aspro_(sapore)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aspro (sapore)">aspro</a>. È descritto come "gradevole al palato" ed è caratteristico dei <a href="/wiki/Brodo" title="Brodo">brodi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrosto" title="Arrosto">arrosti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Formaggio" title="Formaggio">formaggi</a> e di altri <a href="/wiki/Alimento" title="Alimento">alimenti</a> ricchi di <a href="/wiki/Proteine" title="Proteine">proteine</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Caratteristiche">Caratteristiche</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Caratteristiche" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Caratteristiche"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'umami viene percepito tramite recettori gustativi che tipicamente rispondono ai <a href="/wiki/Glutammato" class="mw-redirect" title="Glutammato">glutammati</a> e ai <a href="/wiki/Nucleoside" title="Nucleoside">nucleosidi</a>, che abbondano nei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brodo_di_carne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brodo di carne (la pagina non esiste)">brodi di carne</a>, nei <a href="/wiki/Pomodori" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomodori">pomodori</a> <a href="/wiki/Maturazione_dei_frutti" title="Maturazione dei frutti">maturi</a> e nei prodotti alimentari <a href="/wiki/Fermentazione" title="Fermentazione">fermentati</a>, come la <a href="/wiki/Salsa_di_soia" title="Salsa di soia">salsa di soia</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Stagionatura_del_formaggio" class="mw-redirect" title="Stagionatura del formaggio">stagionati</a>, come i <a href="/wiki/Formaggio_grana" class="mw-redirect" title="Formaggio grana">formaggi grana</a>. Spesso i glutammati si aggiungono a <a href="/wiki/Industria_alimentare" title="Industria alimentare">preparazioni alimentari</a>, come nel caso di <a href="/wiki/Glutammato_monosodico" title="Glutammato monosodico">glutammato monosodico</a>, ingrediente principale del <a href="/wiki/Dado_da_brodo" class="mw-redirect" title="Dado da brodo">dado da brodo</a>. I nucleosidi adoperati sono l'<a href="/wiki/Inosinmonofosfato" title="Inosinmonofosfato">inosinmonofosfato</a> (abbreviato con l'acronimo di IMP) o il <a href="/wiki/Guanosina_monofosfato" title="Guanosina monofosfato">guanosina monofosfato</a> (GMP). </p><p>Avendo i suoi specifici <a href="/wiki/Recettore_(organulo)" title="Recettore (organulo)">recettori</a>, piuttosto che essere percepito da una combinazione di altri recettori gustativi riconosciuti, l'umami è ora scientificamente accettato come un gusto fondamentale distinto. </p><p>Cibi con un forte gusto di umami sono la <a href="/wiki/Carne" title="Carne">carne</a> e gli estratti di carne, i <a href="/wiki/Frutti_di_mare" title="Frutti di mare">frutti di mare</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Mollusca" title="Mollusca">molluschi</a>, il pesce fresco o <a href="/wiki/Conservazione_degli_alimenti" title="Conservazione degli alimenti">conservato</a> (sardine, acciughe), i pomodori, i <a href="/wiki/Fungo_commestibile" title="Fungo commestibile">funghi</a>, il formaggio, la <a href="/wiki/Salsa_di_soia" title="Salsa di soia">salsa di soia</a>, alcuni tipi di <a href="/wiki/Alghe" class="mw-redirect" title="Alghe">alghe</a>, specialmente la <a href="/wiki/Konbu" class="mw-redirect" title="Konbu">konbu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proteina_vegetale_idrolizzata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proteina vegetale idrolizzata (la pagina non esiste)">proteina vegetale idrolizzata</a> (<i>Hydrolyzed vegetable protein</i>, o HVP) e l'estratto di <a href="/wiki/Lievito" title="Lievito">lievito</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definizione">Definizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Definizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Definizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Lingua_giapponese" title="Lingua giapponese">giapponese</a> significa "saporito" e indica, per la precisione, il sapore di <a href="/wiki/Acido_glutammico" title="Acido glutammico">glutammato</a>, presente in modo particolare in cibi ricchi di <a href="/wiki/Proteine" title="Proteine">proteine</a>. Come gli altri <a href="/wiki/Recettore_(biochimica)" title="Recettore (biochimica)">recettori</a> del dolce e dell'amaro, l'<i>umami</i> viene riconosciuto principalmente da recettori associati a <a href="/wiki/Proteina_G" title="Proteina G">proteine G</a>. In particolare è stato identificato un <a href="/wiki/Recettore_metabotropico" title="Recettore metabotropico">recettore metabotropico</a> costituito da un <a href="/wiki/Dimero" title="Dimero">dimero</a> T1R1 e T1R3.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg/220px-Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg/330px-Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg/440px-Kikunae_Ikeda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="821" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kikunae_Ikeda" title="Kikunae Ikeda">Kikunae Ikeda</a>, lo scopritore dell'umami</figcaption></figure> <p>L'<i>umami</i> è stato identificato come un <a href="/wiki/Gusto" title="Gusto">gusto fondamentale</a> nel 1908 da <a href="/wiki/Kikunae_Ikeda" title="Kikunae Ikeda">Kikunae Ikeda</a> (池田菊苗),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-times_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> professore di <a href="/wiki/Chimica" title="Chimica">chimica</a> all'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_imperiale_di_Tokyo" title="Università imperiale di Tokyo">Università imperiale di Tokyo</a>, mentre effettuava ricerche sul sapore forte del brodo di alghe. Ikeda isolò il <a href="/wiki/Glutammato_monosodico" title="Glutammato monosodico">glutammato monosodico</a> come responsabile del sapore. </p><p>L'umami si può avvertire, in valori più o meno concentrati, anche in alcuni alimenti crudi: il formaggio <a href="/wiki/Parmigiano_Reggiano" title="Parmigiano Reggiano">Parmigiano Reggiano</a>, specie se <a href="/wiki/Stagionatura_del_formaggio" class="mw-redirect" title="Stagionatura del formaggio">stagionato a lungo</a>, il pomodoro maturo, i <a href="/wiki/Porcino" title="Porcino">funghi porcini</a> <a href="/wiki/Essiccamento" title="Essiccamento">essiccati</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Colatura_di_alici_di_Cetara" title="Colatura di alici di Cetara">colatura d'alici</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Aglio_nero" title="Aglio nero">aglio nero</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La scoperta dei recettori del gusto umami è stata fatta dall'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Miami" title="Università di Miami">Università di Miami</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-times_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-times-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La molecola recettore è una forma modificata della <a href="/w/index.php?title=MGluR4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MGluR4 (la pagina non esiste)">mGluR4</a>, mancante di una porzione finale. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mikeleerose.com/umami/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Umami, il quinto gusto fondamentale nella cucina giapponese</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">mikeleerose.com</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Xiaodong Li, Lena Staszewski, Hong Xu, Kyle Durick, Mark Zoller e Elliot Adler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC123709"><span style="font-style:italic;">Human receptors for sweet and umami taste</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">PNAS - Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</span>, vol. 99, n. 7, 2002, pp. 4692–4696, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.072090199">10.1073/pnas.072090199</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC123709">123709</a>, <a href="/wiki/PMID" title="PMID">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11917125">11917125</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umamiinfo.com/faqs/"><span style="font-style:italic;">About Umami</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Umami Information Center</span>. <small>URL consultato il 25 gennaio 2012</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-times-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-times_4-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-times_4-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Julia Moskin, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/03/05/dining/05glute.html?pagewanted=all"><span style="font-style:italic;">Yes, MSG, the Secret Behind the Savor</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>, 5 marzo 2008. <small>URL consultato il 5 marzo 2014</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bressanini-lescienze.blogautore.espresso.repubblica.it/2008/01/30/pomodori-umami-al-glutammato/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pomodori Umami al glutammato - Scienza in cucina - Blog - Le Scienze</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">bressanini-lescienze.blogautore.espresso.repubblica.it</span>. <small>URL consultato il 24 maggio 2022</small>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Anthony E. Backhouse, <span style="font-style:italic;">The Lexical Field of Taste. A Semantic Study of Japanese Taste Terms</span>, Cambridge University Press, 2005.</cite></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gusto" title="Gusto">Gusto</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/umami" class="extiw" title="wikt:umami">Wikizionario</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikizionario"><img alt="Collabora a Wikizionario" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/18px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/27px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Wiktionary_small.svg/36px-Wiktionary_small.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="350" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="wikt:">Wikizionario</a> contiene il lemma di dizionario «<b><a href="https://it.wiktionary.org/wiki/umami" class="extiw" title="wikt:umami">umami</a></b>»</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umami&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/umami"><span style="font-style:italic;">umami</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202637#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/umami"><span style="font-style:italic;">umami</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202637#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umamiinfo.com/"><span style="font-style:italic;">Umami Information Center</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">umamiinfo.com</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Gusti"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gusti" title="Template:Gusti"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Gusti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Gusti (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Gusti&action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l'anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><a href="/wiki/Gusto" title="Gusto">Gusti</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Gusti fondamentali</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Amaro_(sapore)" title="Amaro (sapore)">Amaro</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Acido_(sapore)" title="Acido (sapore)">Acido</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dolce" title="Dolce">Dolce</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Salato" title="Salato">Salato</a><b> ·</b> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Umami</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">Altri gusti</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Kokumi" title="Kokumi">Kokumi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lipidi" title="Lipidi">Grasso</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Piccante" title="Piccante">Piccante</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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