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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%86" title="أباتشي ميفن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أباتشي ميفن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maven" title="Maven – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Maven" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maven" title="Maven – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maven" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86" title="آپاچی ماون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آپاچی ماون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%ED%8C%8C%EC%B9%98_%EB%A9%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%B8%90" title="아파치 메이븐 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아파치 메이븐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Maven" title="Apache Maven – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Apache Maven" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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searchaux" style="display:none">Software tool for managing build dependencies</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Apache Maven</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Apache_Maven_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Apache_Maven_logo.svg/250px-Apache_Maven_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Apache_Maven_logo.svg/330px-Apache_Maven_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Apache_Maven_logo.svg/440px-Apache_Maven_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="86" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Apache_Software_Foundation" title="The Apache Software Foundation">The Apache Software Foundation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">13 July 2004<span class="noprint">; 20 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2004-07-13</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">3.9.9<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-c5784288b3a152bd384e5512812e049d6be61082-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-c5784288b3a152bd384e5512812e049d6be61082-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139941?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> / 18 August 2024<span class="noprint">; 7 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">18 August 2024</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/apache/maven">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/apache<wbr />/maven</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139941#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Build_tool" class="mw-redirect" title="Build tool">Build tool</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Apache_License_2.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache License 2.0">Apache License 2.0</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maven.apache.org">maven<wbr />.apache<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Maven</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Build_automation" title="Build automation">build automation</a> tool used primarily for <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> projects. Maven can also be used to build and manage projects written in <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a>, and other languages. The Maven project is hosted by <a href="/wiki/The_Apache_Software_Foundation" title="The Apache Software Foundation">The Apache Software Foundation</a>, where it was formerly part of the <a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Project" title="Jakarta Project">Jakarta Project</a>. </p><p>Maven addresses two aspects of building software: how software is <a href="/wiki/Software_build" title="Software build">built</a> and its dependencies. Unlike earlier tools like <a href="/wiki/Apache_Ant" title="Apache Ant">Apache Ant</a>, it uses conventions for the build procedure. Only exceptions need to be specified. An <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a> file describes the software project being built, its dependencies on other external modules and components, the build order, directories, and required <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plug-ins</a>. It comes with pre-defined targets for performing certain well-defined tasks such as compilation of code and its packaging. Maven dynamically downloads <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> libraries and Maven plug-ins from one or more repositories such as the Maven 2 Central Repository, and stores them in a local cache.<sup id="cite_ref-maven2repo_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maven2repo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This local cache of downloaded <a href="/wiki/Artifact_(software_development)" title="Artifact (software development)">artifacts</a> can also be updated with artifacts created by local projects. Public repositories can also be updated. </p><p>Maven is built using a plugin-based architecture that allows it to make use of any application controllable through standard input. A <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>/<a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> native plugin is maintained for Maven 2.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alternative technologies like <a href="/wiki/Gradle" title="Gradle">Gradle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sbt_(software)" title="Sbt (software)">sbt</a> as build tools do not rely on <a href="/wiki/XML" title="XML">XML</a>, but keep the key concepts Maven introduced. With <a href="/wiki/Apache_Ivy" title="Apache Ivy">Apache Ivy</a>, a dedicated dependency manager was developed as well that also supports Maven repositories.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apache Maven has support for <a href="/wiki/Reproducible_build" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproducible build">reproducible builds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Maven&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maven_repository_artifact_growth.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Maven_repository_artifact_growth.png/220px-Maven_repository_artifact_growth.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Maven_repository_artifact_growth.png/330px-Maven_repository_artifact_growth.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Maven_repository_artifact_growth.png/440px-Maven_repository_artifact_growth.png 2x" data-file-width="702" data-file-height="504" /></a><figcaption>The number of artifacts on Maven's central repository has grown rapidly in the past</figcaption></figure> <p>Maven was created by Jason van Zyl in 2002 and began as a sub-project of <a href="/wiki/Apache_Turbine" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Turbine">Apache Turbine</a>. In 2003 Maven was accepted as a top level <a href="/wiki/Apache_Software_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Software Foundation">Apache Software Foundation</a> project. </p><p>Version history: </p> <ul><li><i>Version 1</i> - July 2004 - first critical milestone release (now at end of life).</li> <li><i>Version 2</i> - October 2005 - after about six months in beta cycles (now at end of life).</li> <li><i>Version 3</i> - October 2010 - remains mostly backwards compatible with Maven 2 projects. Changes included re-working core Project Builder and support for parallel builds. The re-working of the core decoupled file-based and in-memory representation and allowed add-ons to leverage non-XML based project definition files. Languages suggested include <a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a> (already in private prototype by Jason van Zyl), <a href="/wiki/YAML" title="YAML">YAML</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Groovy_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groovy (programming language)">Groovy</a>. The parallel build feature leverages a configurable number of cores on a multi-core machine and especially suited for large multi-module projects.</li> <li><i>Version 4</i> - currently in beta development (as of May 2024).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Maven&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maven projects are configured using a <a href="#Project_Object_Model">Project Object Model (POM)</a> in a <code>pom.xml</code> file. </p><p>Example file: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-xml mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="nt"><project></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><modelVersion></span>4.0.0<span class="nt"></modelVersion></span> <span class="w"> </span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><groupId></span>com.mycompany.app<span class="nt"></groupId></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><artifactId></span>my-app<span class="nt"></artifactId></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><version></span>1.0<span class="nt"></version></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dependencies></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="cm"></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><dependency></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><groupId></span>org.junit.jupiter<span class="nt"></groupId></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><artifactId></span>junit-jupiter-engine<span class="nt"></artifactId></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><version></span>5.9.1<span class="nt"></version></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"><scope></span>test<span class="nt"></scope></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></dependency></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nt"></dependencies></span> <span class="nt"></project></span> </pre></div> <p>This POM defines a unique identifier for the project (<i>coordinates</i>) and a single dependency on the <a href="/wiki/JUnit" title="JUnit">JUnit</a> library. However, that is already enough for building the project and running the <a href="/wiki/Unit_testing" title="Unit testing">unit tests</a> associated with the project. Maven accomplishes this by embracing the idea of <a href="/wiki/Convention_over_Configuration" class="mw-redirect" title="Convention over Configuration">Convention over Configuration</a>, that is, Maven provides default values for the project's configuration. </p><p>The directory structure of a normal <a href="/wiki/Programming_idiom" title="Programming idiom">idiomatic</a> Maven project has the following directory entries: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Maven_CoC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Maven_CoC.svg/220px-Maven_CoC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Maven_CoC.svg/330px-Maven_CoC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Maven_CoC.svg/440px-Maven_CoC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="694" /></a><figcaption>A directory structure for a Java project auto-generated by Maven</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Directory name </th> <th>Purpose </th></tr> <tr> <td>project home </td> <td>Contains the <code>pom.xml</code> and all subdirectories. </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>src/main/java</code> </td> <td>Contains the deliverable Java source code for the project. </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>src/main/resources</code> </td> <td>Contains the deliverable resources for the project, such as property files. </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>src/test/java</code> </td> <td>Contains the testing Java sourcecode (JUnit or TestNG test cases, for example) for the project. </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>src/test/resources</code> </td> <td>Contains resources necessary for testing. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The command <code>mvn package</code> will compile all the Java files, run any tests, and package the deliverable code and resources into <code>target/my-app-1.0.jar</code> (assuming the artifactId is my-app and the version is 1.0.) </p><p>Using Maven, the user provides only configuration for the project, while the configurable plug-ins do the actual work of compiling the project, cleaning target directories, running unit tests, generating API documentation and so on. In general, users should not have to write plugins themselves. Contrast this with <a href="/wiki/Apache_Ant" title="Apache Ant">Ant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Make_(software)" title="Make (software)">make</a>, in which one writes imperative procedures for doing the aforementioned tasks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Maven&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Project_Object_Model">Project Object Model</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Maven&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Project Object Model"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A Project Object Model (POM) <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provides all the configuration for a single project. General configuration covers the project's name, its owner and its dependencies on other projects. One can also configure individual phases of the build process, which are implemented as <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plugins</a>. For example, one can configure the compiler-plugin to use Java version 1.5 for compilation, or specify packaging the project even if some unit tests fail. </p><p>Larger projects should be divided into several modules, or sub-projects, each with its own POM. One can then write a root POM through which one can compile all the modules with a single command. POMs can also inherit configuration from other POMs. All POMs inherit from the Super POM<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by default. The Super POM provides default configuration, such as default source directories, default plugins, and so on. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plug-ins">Plug-ins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Maven&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Plug-ins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of Maven's functionality is in <a href="/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)" title="Plug-in (computing)">plug-ins</a>. A plugin provides a set of goals that can be executed using the command <code>mvn [plugin-name]:[goal-name]</code>. For example, a Java project can be compiled with the compiler-plugin's compile-goal<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by running <code>mvn compiler:compile</code>. </p><p>There are Maven plugins for building, testing, source control management, running a web server, generating <a href="/wiki/Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a> project files, and much more.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plugins are introduced and configured in a <plugins>-section of a <code>pom.xml</code> file. Some basic plugins are included in every project by default, and they have sensible default settings. </p><p>However, it would be cumbersome if the archetypal build sequence of building, testing and packaging a software project required running each respective goal manually: </p> <ul><li><code>mvn compiler:compile</code></li> <li><code>mvn surefire:test</code></li> <li><code>mvn jar:jar</code></li></ul> <p>Maven's lifecycle concept handles this issue. </p><p>Plugins are the primary way to extend Maven. Developing a Maven plugin can be done by extending the org.apache.maven.plugin.AbstractMojo class. Example code and explanation for a Maven plugin to create a cloud-based virtual machine running an application server is given in the article <i>Automate development and management of cloud virtual machines</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Build_lifecycles">Build lifecycles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Maven&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Build lifecycles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The build lifecycle is a list of named <i>phases</i> that can be used to give order to goal execution. One of Maven's three standard lifecycles is the <i>default lifecycle</i>, which includes the following phases, performed in the order listed:<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>validate</li> <li>generate-sources</li> <li>process-sources</li> <li>generate-resources</li> <li>process-resources</li> <li>compile</li> <li>process-test-sources</li> <li>process-test-resources</li> <li>test-compile</li> <li>test</li> <li>package</li> <li>install</li> <li>deploy</li></ul> <p>Goals provided by plugins can be associated with different phases of the lifecycle. For example, by default, the goal <code>compiler:compile</code> is associated with the <code>compile</code> phase, while the goal <code>surefire:test</code> is associated with the <code>test</code> phase. When the <code>mvn test</code> command is executed, Maven runs all goals associated with each of the phases up to and including the <code>test</code> phase. In such a case, Maven runs the <code>resources:resources</code> goal associated with the <code>process-resources</code> phase, then <code>compiler:compile</code>, and so on until it finally runs the <code>surefire:test</code> goal. </p><p>Maven also has standard phases for cleaning the project and for generating a project site. If cleaning were part of the default lifecycle, the project would be cleaned every time it was built. This is clearly undesirable, so cleaning has been given its own lifecycle. </p><p>Standard lifecycles enable users new to a project the ability to accurately build, test and install every Maven project by issuing the single command <code>mvn install</code>. By default, Maven packages the POM file in generated JAR and WAR files. Tools like diet4j<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> can use this information to recursively resolve and run Maven modules at run-time without requiring an "uber"-jar that contains all project code. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dependencies">Dependencies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Maven&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dependencies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A central feature in Maven is <a href="/wiki/Dependency_(project_management)" title="Dependency (project management)">dependency management</a>. Maven's dependency-handling mechanism is organized around a coordinate system identifying individual artifacts such as software libraries or modules. The POM example above references the JUnit coordinates as a direct dependency of the project. A project that needs, say, the <a href="/wiki/Hibernate_(Java)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hibernate (Java)">Hibernate</a> library simply has to declare Hibernate's project coordinates in its POM. Maven will automatically download the dependency and the dependencies that Hibernate itself needs (called <a href="/wiki/Transitive_dependency" title="Transitive dependency">transitive dependencies</a>) and store them in the user's local repository. Maven 2 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.maven.org/">Central Repository</a><sup id="cite_ref-maven2repo_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maven2repo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is used by default to search for libraries, but one can configure the repositories to be used (e.g., company-private repositories) within the POM. </p><p>The fundamental difference between Maven and Ant is that Maven's design regards all projects as having a certain structure and a set of supported task work-flows (e.g., getting resources from source control, compiling the project, unit testing, etc.). While most software projects in effect support these operations and actually do have a well-defined structure, Maven requires that this structure and the operation implementation details be defined in the POM file. Thus, Maven <a href="/wiki/Convention_over_configuration" title="Convention over configuration">relies on a convention</a> on how to define projects and on the list of work-flows that are generally supported in all projects.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are search engines such as The Central Repository Search Engine,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which can be used to find out coordinates for different open-source libraries and frameworks. </p><p>Projects developed on a single machine can depend on each other through the local repository. The local repository is a simple folder structure that acts both as a cache for downloaded dependencies and as a centralized storage place for locally built artifacts. The Maven command <code>mvn install</code> builds a project and places its binaries in the local repository. Then, other projects can utilize this project by specifying its coordinates in their POMs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interoperability">Interoperability</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Maven&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Interoperability"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Add-ons to several popular <a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">integrated development environments (IDE)</a> targeting the Java programming language exist to provide integration of Maven with the IDE's build mechanism and source editing tools, allowing Maven to compile projects from within the IDE, and also to set the classpath for code completion, highlighting compiler errors, etc. </p><p>Examples of popular IDEs supporting development with Maven include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBeans" title="NetBeans">NetBeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IntelliJ_IDEA" title="IntelliJ IDEA">IntelliJ IDEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBuilder" title="JBuilder">JBuilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JDeveloper" title="JDeveloper">JDeveloper</a> (version 11.1.2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MyEclipse" title="MyEclipse">MyEclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Visual Studio Code</a></li></ul> <p>These add-ons also provide the ability to edit the POM or use the POM to determine a project's complete set of dependencies directly within the IDE. </p><p>Some built-in features of IDEs are forfeited when the IDE no longer performs compilation. For example, Eclipse's JDT has the ability to recompile a single Java source file after it has been edited. Many IDEs work with a flat set of projects instead of the hierarchy of folders preferred by Maven. This complicates the use of <a href="/wiki/Software_configuration_management" title="Software configuration management">SCM</a> systems in IDEs when using Maven.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Maven&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output 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href="#cite_ref-wikidata-c5784288b3a152bd384e5512812e049d6be61082-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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IBM.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IBM+DeveloperWorks&rft.atitle=Automate+development+and+management+of+cloud+virtual+machines&rft.date=2011-10-29&rft.aulast=Amies&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Zou+P+X&rft.au=Wang+Yi+S&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibm.com%2Fdeveloperworks%2Fcloud%2Flibrary%2Fcl-automatecloud%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Maven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPorter" class="citation web cs1">Porter, Brett. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maven.apache.org/guides/introduction/introduction-to-the-lifecycle.html#Lifecycle_Reference">"Maven – Introduction to the Build Lifecycle"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maven+%E2%80%93+Introduction+to+the+Build+Lifecycle&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaven.apache.org%2Fguides%2Fintroduction%2Fintroduction-to-the-lifecycle.html%23Lifecycle_Reference&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Maven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diet4j.org/">"diet4j - put Java JARs on a diet, and load maven modules as needed"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=diet4j+-+put+Java+JARs+on+a+diet%2C+and+load+maven+modules+as+needed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiet4j.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Maven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130421060027/http://www.sonatype.com/books/mvnref-book/reference/installation-sect-compare-ant-maven.html">"Maven: The Complete Reference"</a>. Sonatype. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonatype.com/books/mvnref-book/reference/installation-sect-compare-ant-maven.html">the original</a> on 21 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maven%3A+The+Complete+Reference&rft.pub=Sonatype&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sonatype.com%2Fbooks%2Fmvnref-book%2Freference%2Finstallation-sect-compare-ant-maven.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Maven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.maven.org/">The Central Repository Search Engine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150507014621/http://maven.apache.org/eclipse-plugin.html">"maven.apache.org/eclipse-plugin.html"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maven.apache.org/eclipse-plugin.html">the original</a> on May 7, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=maven.apache.org%2Feclipse-plugin.html&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaven.apache.org%2Feclipse-plugin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Maven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150524203728/http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/features/ant_maven.html#Maven_Integration">"IntelliJ IDEA :: Features"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jetbrains.com/idea/features/ant_maven.html#Maven_Integration">the original</a> on 2015-05-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IntelliJ+IDEA+%3A%3A+Features&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jetbrains.com%2Fidea%2Ffeatures%2Fant_maven.html%23Maven_Integration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Maven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114021502/http://wiki.netbeans.org/MavenBestPractices">"MavenBestPractices - NetBeans Wiki"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wiki.netbeans.org/MavenBestPractices">the original</a> on 2018-01-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MavenBestPractices+-+NetBeans+Wiki&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwiki.netbeans.org%2FMavenBestPractices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Maven" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Maven&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Brien" class="citation web cs1">O'Brien, Tim; et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sonatype.com/books/mvnref-book/reference/">"Maven: The Complete Reference"</a>. <i>Sonatype.com</i>. Sonatype<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sonatype.com&rft.atitle=Maven%3A+The+Complete+Reference&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sonatype.com%2Fbooks%2Fmvnref-book%2Freference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Maven" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cBvZ4s72Z0gC"><i>Maven: The Definitive Guide</i></a>. Sonatype Company. O'Reilly Media, Inc. 2009. p. 470. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780596551780" title="Special:BookSources/9780596551780"><bdi>9780596551780</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-04-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maven%3A+The+Definitive+Guide&rft.pages=470&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780596551780&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcBvZ4s72Z0gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Maven" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_Zyl2008" class="citation cs2">Van Zyl, Jason (2008-10-01), <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780596517335/page/468"><i>Maven: Definitive Guide</i></a></span> (first ed.), <a href="/wiki/O%27Reilly_Media" title="O'Reilly Media">O'Reilly Media</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780596517335/page/468">468</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-596-51733-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-596-51733-5"><bdi>978-0-596-51733-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maven%3A+Definitive+Guide&rft.pages=468&rft.edition=first&rft.pub=O%27Reilly+Media&rft.date=2008-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-596-51733-5&rft.aulast=Van+Zyl&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780596517335%2Fpage%2F468&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Maven" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1">"Running JUnit tests from Maven2". <i>JUnit in Action</i> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Manning_Publications" title="Manning Publications">Manning Publications</a>. 2011. pp. <span class="nowrap">152–</span>168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-935182-02-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-935182-02-3"><bdi>978-1-935182-02-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Running+JUnit+tests+from+Maven2&rft.btitle=JUnit+in+Action&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E152-%3C%2Fspan%3E168&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Manning+Publications&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-935182-02-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Maven" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Maven Build Customization</i>. Packt. 2013. pp. <span class="nowrap">1–</span>250. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781783987221" title="Special:BookSources/9781783987221"><bdi>9781783987221</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Maven+Build+Customization&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E250&rft.pub=Packt&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781783987221&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Maven" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.packtpub.com/application-development/mastering-apache-maven-3"><i>Mastering Apache Maven 3</i></a>. Packt. 2014. p. 298. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781783983865" title="Special:BookSources/9781783983865"><bdi>9781783983865</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mastering+Apache+Maven+3&rft.pages=298&rft.pub=Packt&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781783983865&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.packtpub.com%2Fapplication-development%2Fmastering-apache-maven-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApache+Maven" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apache_Maven&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span 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style="width:1%">Top-level<br />projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Accumulo" title="Apache Accumulo">Accumulo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_ActiveMQ" title="Apache ActiveMQ">ActiveMQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Airavata" title="Apache Airavata">Airavata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Airflow" title="Apache Airflow">Airflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Allura" title="Apache Allura">Allura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Ambari" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Ambari">Ambari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Ant" title="Apache Ant">Ant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Aries" title="Apache Aries">Aries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Arrow" title="Apache Arrow">Arrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server" title="Apache HTTP Server">Apache HTTP Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Portable_Runtime" title="Apache Portable Runtime">APR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Avro" title="Apache Avro">Avro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Axis" title="Apache Axis">Axis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Axis2" title="Apache Axis2">Axis2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Beam" title="Apache Beam">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Bloodhound" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Bloodhound">Bloodhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Brooklyn" title="Apache Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Calcite" title="Apache Calcite">Calcite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Camel" title="Apache Camel">Camel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_CarbonData" title="Apache CarbonData">CarbonData</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Cassandra" title="Apache Cassandra">Cassandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Cayenne" title="Apache Cayenne">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_CloudStack" title="Apache CloudStack">CloudStack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Cocoon" title="Apache Cocoon">Cocoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Cordova" title="Apache Cordova">Cordova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_CouchDB" title="Apache CouchDB">CouchDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_cTAKES" title="Apache cTAKES">cTAKES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_CXF" title="Apache CXF">CXF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Derby" title="Apache Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Directory" title="Apache Directory">Directory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Drill" title="Apache Drill">Drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Druid" title="Apache Druid">Druid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Empire-db" title="Apache Empire-db">Empire-db</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Felix" title="Apache Felix">Felix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Flex" title="Apache Flex">Flex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Flink" title="Apache Flink">Flink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Flume" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Flume">Flume</a></li> <li><a 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title="Apache Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_JMeter" title="Apache JMeter">JMeter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Kafka" title="Apache Kafka">Kafka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Kudu" title="Apache Kudu">Kudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Kylin" title="Apache Kylin">Kylin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Lucene" title="Apache Lucene">Lucene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Mahout" title="Apache Mahout">Mahout</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Maven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_MINA" title="Apache MINA">MINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_perl" title="Mod perl">mod_perl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_MyFaces" title="Apache MyFaces">MyFaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Mynewt" title="Apache Mynewt">Mynewt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_NiFi" title="Apache NiFi">NiFi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetBeans" title="NetBeans">NetBeans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Nutch" title="Apache Nutch">Nutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuttX" title="NuttX">NuttX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_OFBiz" title="Apache OFBiz">OFBiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Oozie" title="Apache Oozie">Oozie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_OpenEJB" title="Apache OpenEJB">OpenEJB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_OpenJPA" title="Apache OpenJPA">OpenJPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_OpenNLP" title="Apache OpenNLP">OpenNLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_OpenOffice" title="Apache OpenOffice">OрenOffice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_ORC" title="Apache ORC">ORC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_PDFBox" title="Apache PDFBox">PDFBox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Parquet" title="Apache Parquet">Parquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Phoenix" title="Apache Phoenix">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_POI" title="Apache POI">POI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Pig" title="Apache Pig">Pig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Pinot" title="Apache Pinot">Pinot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Pivot" title="Apache Pivot">Pivot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Qpid" title="Apache Qpid">Qpid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Roller" title="Apache Roller">Roller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_RocketMQ" title="Apache RocketMQ">RocketMQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Samza" title="Apache Samza">Samza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Shiro" title="Apache Shiro">Shiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_SINGA" title="Apache SINGA">SINGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Sling" title="Apache Sling">Sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Solr" title="Apache Solr">Solr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Spark" title="Apache Spark">Spark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Storm" title="Apache Storm">Storm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_SpamAssassin" title="Apache SpamAssassin">SpamAssassin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Struts" title="Apache Struts">Struts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Struts_1" title="Apache Struts 1">1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Subversion" title="Apache Subversion">Subversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Superset" title="Apache Superset">Superset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_SystemDS" title="Apache SystemDS">SystemDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Tapestry" title="Apache Tapestry">Tapestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Thrift" title="Apache Thrift">Thrift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Tika" title="Apache Tika">Tika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_TinkerPop" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache TinkerPop">TinkerPop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Tomcat" title="Apache Tomcat">Tomcat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Trafodion" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Trafodion">Trafodion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Traffic_Server" title="Apache Traffic Server">Traffic Server</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UIMA" title="UIMA">UIMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Velocity" title="Apache Velocity">Velocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Wicket" title="Apache Wicket">Wicket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Xalan" title="Apache Xalan">Xalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Xerces" title="Apache Xerces">Xerces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_XMLBeans" title="Apache XMLBeans">XMLBeans</a></li> <li>Yetus</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_ZooKeeper" title="Apache ZooKeeper">ZooKeeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apache_Commons" title="Apache Commons">Commons</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Byte_Code_Engineering_Library" title="Byte Code Engineering Library">BCEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bean_Scripting_Framework" title="Bean Scripting Framework">BSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commons_Daemon" title="Commons Daemon">Daemon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Jelly" title="Apache Jelly">Jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Commons_Logging" title="Apache Commons Logging">Logging</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Incubator</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Taverna" title="Apache Taverna">Taverna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Batik" title="Apache Batik">Batik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_FOP_(Formatting_Objects_Processor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache FOP (Formatting Objects Processor)">FOP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Ivy" title="Apache Ivy">Ivy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log4j" title="Log4j">Log4j</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Apex" title="Apache Apex">Apex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AxKit" title="AxKit">AxKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Beehive" title="Apache Beehive">Beehive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_iBATIS" title="Apache iBATIS">iBATIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Click" title="Apache Click">Click</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Continuum" title="Apache Continuum">Continuum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deltacloud" title="Deltacloud">Deltacloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etch_(protocol)" title="Etch (protocol)">Etch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Giraph" title="Apache Giraph">Giraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Hama" title="Apache Hama">Hama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Harmony" title="Apache Harmony">Harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Project" title="Jakarta Project">Jakarta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Marmotta" title="Apache Marmotta">Marmotta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_MXNet" title="Apache MXNet">MXNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_ODE" title="Apache ODE">ODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jini" title="Jini">River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Shale" title="Apache Shale">Shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Slide" class="mw-redirect" title="Jakarta Slide">Slide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sqoop" title="Sqoop">Sqoop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Stanbol" title="Apache Stanbol">Stanbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Tuscany" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_Wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache Wave">Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apache_XML" title="Apache XML">XML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Licenses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 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class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>25 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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