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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Soepomo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soepomo" title="Soepomo – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Soepomo" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soepomo" title="Soepomo – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Soepomo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soepomo" title="Soepomo – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Soepomo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soepomo" title="Soepomo – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Soepomo" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88" title="سويپومو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سويپومو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soepomo" title="Soepomo – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Soepomo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soepomo" title="Soepomo – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Soepomo" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Супомо – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Супомо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E6%B3%A2%E8%8E%AB" title="苏波莫 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="苏波莫" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4201183#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indonesian politician, lawyer, and diplomat (1903–1958)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Priyayi#Titles" title="Priyayi">Raden</a></div><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Soepomo</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soepomo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Official portrait of Soepomo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Soepomo.jpg/250px-Soepomo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Soepomo.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="322" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1954</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Indonesia_to_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of ambassadors of Indonesia to the United Kingdom">Ambassador of Indonesia to<br />the United Kingdom</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1954–1956</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Subandrio" title="Subandrio">Subandrio</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soenario" title="Soenario">Soenario</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_law_and_human_rights_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ministers of law and human rights of Indonesia">Minister of Justice</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 December 1949 – 6 September 1950</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Susanto_Tirtoprodjo" title="Susanto Tirtoprodjo">Susanto Tirtoprodjo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/A._G._Pringgodigdo" class="mw-redirect" title="A. G. Pringgodigdo">A. G. Pringgodigdo</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />19 August 1945 – 14 November 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Raden Soewandi</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">2nd <a href="/wiki/University_of_Indonesia" title="University of Indonesia">President of the<br />University of Indonesia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1951–1954</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Susanto_Tirtoprodjo" title="Susanto Tirtoprodjo">Susanto Tirtoprodjo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/A._G._Pringgodigdo" class="mw-redirect" title="A. G. Pringgodigdo">A. G. Pringgodigdo</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1903-01-22</span>)</span>22 January 1903<br /><a href="/wiki/Sukoharjo_Regency" title="Sukoharjo Regency">Sukoharjo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">12 September 1958<span style="display:none">(1958-09-12)</span> (aged 55)<br /><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a> (<a href="/wiki/Master_of_Laws" title="Master of Laws">Mr.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">Politician</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lawyer" title="Lawyer">lawyer</a></li><li><br /><a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Soepomo</b> (<a href="/wiki/Perfected_Spelling_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Perfected Spelling System">EYD</a>: <b>Supomo</b>; 22 January 1903 – 12 September 1958) was an Indonesian politician and lawyer who served as the country's first <a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_law_and_human_rights_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ministers of law and human rights of Indonesia">Minister of Justice</a> from August until November 1945 and again from December 1949 until 6 September 1950. Known as the father of <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indonesia" title="Constitution of Indonesia">Indonesia's constitution</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrooglever199769_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrooglever199769-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he was posthumously declared an <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Heroes of Indonesia">Indonesian National Hero</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> in 1965. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soepomo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Soepomo was born on 22 January 1903, in <a href="/wiki/Sukoharjo_Regency" title="Sukoharjo Regency">Sukoharjo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201112_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahari201112-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He came from a noble family; his maternal and paternal grandfathers were both high-ranking government officials. He began his education in 1917 when he was enrolled at a <i><a href="/wiki/Europeesche_Lagere_School" title="Europeesche Lagere School">Europeesche Lagere School</a></i> (ELS) in <a href="/wiki/Boyolali" class="mw-redirect" title="Boyolali">Boyolali</a>. He graduated in 1920 and continued his studies at <i><a href="/wiki/Meer_Uitgebreid_Lager_Onderwijs" title="Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs">Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs</a></i> (MULO) in <a href="/wiki/Surakarta" title="Surakarta">Surakarta</a>. In 1923, he moved to <a href="/wiki/Batavia,_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>) and attended the <i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Indonesia" title="University of Indonesia">Rechts Hogeschool</a></i> (RHS).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201112_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahari201112-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After graduating from RHS, he took a job at a court in Surakarta,<sup id="cite_ref-Tokoh_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tokoh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before leaving for the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> to pursue further education. In the Netherlands, he enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a> and studied law under <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_van_Vollenhoven" title="Cornelis van Vollenhoven">Cornelis van Vollenhoven</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201112–13_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahari201112–13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He graduated in 1927, with his thesis, entitled "Agrarian System Reform in the Surakarta Area",<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> containing both a description of the agrarian system in Surakarta and veiled critiques of <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch colonialism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201112–13_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahari201112–13-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When he returned home, he became a court employee in <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, later being transferred to the Justice Department in Batavia. While serving at the Justice Department, he took a side job as a guest lecturer at the RHS.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201113_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahari201113-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then joined the <a href="/wiki/Jong_Java" title="Jong Java">Jong Java</a> youth association and wrote a paper entitled "Indonesian Women in Law",<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which he presented together with future Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ali_Sastroamidjojo" title="Ali Sastroamidjojo">Ali Sastroamidjojo</a> at the 1928 Women's Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-Tokoh_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tokoh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Promulgation_of_the_constitution">Promulgation of the constitution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soepomo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Promulgation of the constitution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supomo,_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954,_p248.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Supomo%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p248.jpg/250px-Supomo%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p248.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Supomo%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p248.jpg/300px-Supomo%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p248.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e7/Supomo%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p248.jpg 2x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="511" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of Soepomo, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1954</span></figcaption></figure> <p>On 1 March 1945, the final year of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies</a>, the Japanese administration established the <a href="/wiki/Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence" title="Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence">Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence</a> (BPUPK) on 1 March 1945 to work on "preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java". Soepomo became one of the 62 members. In the first session, which lasted from 29 May to 1 June, he expressed support for the future of Indonesia to be a strong unitary state, arguing that it was by Indonesian societal norms. He also spoke out against the idea of an Islamic state. On 1 June 1945, future president <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> made a speech, in which he outlined the future basis of the state, the five-element <a href="/wiki/Pancasila_(politics)" title="Pancasila (politics)">Pancasila</a>. During the BPUPK recess, this was subsequently incorporated into a preamble for the future constitution, the <a href="/wiki/Jakarta_Charter" title="Jakarta Charter">Jakarta Charter</a> by a Committee of Nine, which did not include Soepomo.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElson2009108–111_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElson2009108–111-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the BPUPK reconvened for its second session, which began on 10 July, a 19-member committee was set up to produce a draft constitution, and Soepomo played the dominant role in its deliberations, which took place over three days. He deliberately produced a constitution that had a strong central government with power concentrated with the president, and without a clear system of <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers#Checks_and_balances" title="Separation of powers">checks and balances</a>, in line with his opinions. Specifically, he supported integralist totalitarianism based on the family ideology and proposed the Indonesian state be modelled on <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Imperial Japan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He believed this system would avoid conflicts of interest between the government and the people. In the discussions, he was strongly opposed by <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yamin" title="Mohammad Yamin">Mohammad Yamin</a>, who called for a more Western-style democracy with guarantees for human rights. Future vice-president <a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Hatta</a> also wanted a bill of rights to be included, but Sukarno sided with Soepomo. The compromise reached Article 28, which stated that human rights would be regulated by law. After heated discussions, particularly over the role of religion in the news state, the draft constitution and preamble were accepted on 16 July.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson196118_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson196118-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKusumaElson2011196_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKusumaElson2011196-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElson2009114-118_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElson2009114-118-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtLindsey201239–41,_51_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtLindsey201239–41,_51-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIndrayana200898-100_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndrayana200898-100-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a>, on 17 August 1945, Sukarno and Hatta <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">proclaimed Indonesian independence</a>. The following day, the <a href="/wiki/Preparatory_Committee_for_Indonesian_Independence" title="Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence">Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI)</a>, which had been formed on 7 August, met and approved the draft constitution produced by the BPUPK committee.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElson2009114-118_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEElson2009114-118-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The constitution also had an elucidation providing further information about the preamble and body, which was also written by Soepomo. As this was not a product of the BPUPK or the PPKI, its legal status was uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIndrayana200898-100_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndrayana200898-100-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-independence_career">Post-independence career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soepomo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Post-independence career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After his terms as Minister of Justice, Soepomo became a lecturer at <a href="/wiki/Gadjah_Mada_University" title="Gadjah Mada University">Gadjah Mada University</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201113_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahari201113-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as the Jakarta Police Academy.<sup id="cite_ref-Tokoh_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tokoh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was also President of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Indonesia" title="University of Indonesia">University of Indonesia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tokoh_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tokoh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1954 to 1956, Soepomo was <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_Ambassadors_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indonesian Ambassadors to the United Kingdom">Indonesia's ambassador to the United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tokoh_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tokoh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmbassy_of_Indonesia,_Indonesian_Ambassadors_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmbassy_of_Indonesia,_Indonesian_Ambassadors-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soepomo died in Surakarta on 12 September 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201112_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahari201112-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 May 1965, Soepomo was posthumously declared an <a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Heroes of Indonesia">Indonesian National Hero</a> by President <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tokoh_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tokoh-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soepomo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Original: "<i>Reorganisatie van het Agrarisch Stelsel in het Gewest Soerakarta</i>"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Original: "<i>Perempuan Indonesia dalam Hukum</i>"</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soepomo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soepomo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDrooglever199769-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDrooglever199769_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDrooglever1997">Drooglever 1997</a>, p. 69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahari201112-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201112_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201112_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201112_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahari2011">Bahari 2011</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tokoh-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tokoh_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tokoh_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tokoh_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tokoh_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tokoh_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tokoh_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221002010439/https://tokoh.id/biografi/3-pahlawan/salah-satu-perumus-uud-1945/">"Salah Satu Perumus UUD 1945"</a> [One of the Writers of the 1945 Constitution]. <i>TokohIndonesia.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tokoh.id/biografi/3-pahlawan/salah-satu-perumus-uud-1945/">the original</a> on 2 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TokohIndonesia.com&rft.atitle=Salah+Satu+Perumus+UUD+1945&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftokoh.id%2Fbiografi%2F3-pahlawan%2Fsalah-satu-perumus-uud-1945%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoepomo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahari201112–13-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201112–13_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201112–13_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahari2011">Bahari 2011</a>, pp. 12–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBahari201113-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201113_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBahari201113_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBahari2011">Bahari 2011</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElson2009108–111-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElson2009108–111_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElson2009">Elson 2009</a>, pp. 108–111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBourchier2016" class="citation book cs1">Bourchier, David (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.routledge.com/Illiberal-Democracy-in-Indonesia-The-Ideology-of-the-Family-State/Bourchier/p/book/9781138236721"><i>Illiberal democracy in indonesia : the ideology of the family state</i></a>. London and New York: Taylor & Francis. pp. <span class="nowrap">65–</span>69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138236721" title="Special:BookSources/9781138236721"><bdi>9781138236721</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illiberal+democracy+in+indonesia+%3A+the+ideology+of+the+family+state.&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E65-%3C%2Fspan%3E69&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781138236721&rft.aulast=Bourchier&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FIlliberal-Democracy-in-Indonesia-The-Ideology-of-the-Family-State%2FBourchier%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9781138236721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoepomo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAnderson196118-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAnderson196118_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAnderson1961">Anderson 1961</a>, p. 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKusumaElson2011196-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKusumaElson2011196_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKusumaElson2011">Kusuma & Elson 2011</a>, p. 196.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEElson2009114-118-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElson2009114-118_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEElson2009114-118_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFElson2009">Elson 2009</a>, p. 114-118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButtLindsey201239–41,_51-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButtLindsey201239–41,_51_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFButtLindsey2012">Butt & Lindsey 2012</a>, pp. 39–41, 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEIndrayana200898-100-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIndrayana200898-100_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEIndrayana200898-100_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFIndrayana2008">Indrayana 2008</a>, p. 98-100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEmbassy_of_Indonesia,_Indonesian_Ambassadors-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEmbassy_of_Indonesia,_Indonesian_Ambassadors_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEmbassy_of_Indonesia,_Indonesian_Ambassadors">Embassy of Indonesia, Indonesian Ambassadors</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soepomo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Benedict_Anderson" title="Benedict Anderson">Anderson, Benedict</a> (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924006545622&view=1up&seq=3"><i>Some Aspects of Indonesian Politics under the Japanese occupation, 1944-1945</i></a>. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Some+Aspects+of+Indonesian+Politics+under+the+Japanese+occupation%2C+1944-1945&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=Cornell+University&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Benedict&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dcoo.31924006545622%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoepomo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBahari2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bahari, Adib (2011). <i>Pendekar Hukum Indonesia</i> [<i>Indonesian Legal Giants</i>] (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Yustisis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-3411-04-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-3411-04-0"><bdi>978-979-3411-04-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pendekar+Hukum+Indonesia&rft.place=Yogyakarta&rft.pub=Pustaka+Yustisis&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-979-3411-04-0&rft.aulast=Bahari&rft.aufirst=Adib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoepomo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFButtLindsey2012" class="citation book cs1">Butt, Simon; Lindsey, Tim (2012). <i>The Constitution of Indonesia: A Contextual Analysis</i>. Hart Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84113-018-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84113-018-7"><bdi>978-1-84113-018-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitution+of+Indonesia%3A+A+Contextual+Analysis&rft.pub=Hart+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-84113-018-7&rft.aulast=Butt&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Lindsey%2C+Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoepomo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDrooglever1997" class="citation cs2">Drooglever, P. J. (1997), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.ubn.ru.nl/bitstream/2066/29299/1/29299___.PDF">"The Genesis of the Indonesian Constitution of 1949"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde</i>, <b>153</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">65–</span>84, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22134379-90003945">10.1163/22134379-90003945</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2066%2F29299">2066/29299</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2294">0006-2294</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bijdragen+tot+de+Taal-%2C+Land-+en+Volkenkunde&rft.atitle=The+Genesis+of+the+Indonesian+Constitution+of+1949&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E65-%3C%2Fspan%3E84&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2066%2F29299&rft.issn=0006-2294&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22134379-90003945&rft.aulast=Drooglever&rft.aufirst=P.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.ubn.ru.nl%2Fbitstream%2F2066%2F29299%2F1%2F29299___.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoepomo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFElson2009" class="citation journal cs1">Elson, R. E. (October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecommons.cornell.edu/bitstream/handle/1813/54483/INDO_88_0_1255982649_105_130.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">"Another Look at the Jakarta Charter Controversy of 1945"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Indonesia</i>. <b>88</b> (88): <span class="nowrap">105–</span>130.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indonesia&rft.atitle=Another+Look+at+the+Jakarta+Charter+Controversy+of+1945&rft.volume=88&rft.issue=88&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E105-%3C%2Fspan%3E130&rft.date=2009-10&rft.aulast=Elson&rft.aufirst=R.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fecommons.cornell.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1813%2F54483%2FINDO_88_0_1255982649_105_130.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoepomo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEmbassy_of_Indonesia,_Indonesian_Ambassadors" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927105628/http://www.indonesianembassy.org.uk/embassy_ambassador.html">"Indonesian Ambassadors"</a>. Indonesian Embassy in the United Kingdom. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indonesianembassy.org.uk/embassy_ambassador.html">the original</a> on 27 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indonesian+Ambassadors&rft.pub=Indonesian+Embassy+in+the+United+Kingdom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indonesianembassy.org.uk%2Fembassy_ambassador.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoepomo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIndrayana2008" class="citation book cs1">Indrayana, Denny (2008). <i>Indonesian Constitutional Reform 1999-2002: An Evaluation of Constitution-Making in Transition</i>. Jakarta: Kompas Book Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-979-709-394-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-979-709-394-5"><bdi>978-979-709-394-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indonesian+Constitutional+Reform+1999-2002%3A+An+Evaluation+of+Constitution-Making+in+Transition&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Kompas+Book+Publishing&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-979-709-394-5&rft.aulast=Indrayana&rft.aufirst=Denny&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoepomo" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKusumaElson2011" class="citation cs2">Kusuma, A.B.; Elson, R.E. (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:273574/UQ273574_OA.pdf">"A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde</i>, <b>167</b> (<span class="nowrap">2–</span>3): <span class="nowrap">196–</span>209, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22134379-90003589">10.1163/22134379-90003589</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-2294">0006-2294</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bijdragen+tot+de+Taal-%2C+Land-+en+Volkenkunde&rft.atitle=A+note+on+the+sources+for+the+1945+constitutional+debates+in+Indonesia&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E196-%3C%2Fspan%3E209&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22134379-90003589&rft.issn=0006-2294&rft.aulast=Kusuma&rft.aufirst=A.B.&rft.au=Elson%2C+R.E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fespace.library.uq.edu.au%2Fview%2FUQ%3A273574%2FUQ273574_OA.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASoepomo" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Subandrio" title="Subandrio">Subandrio</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_Ambassadors_to_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Indonesian Ambassadors to the United Kingdom">Ambassador of Indonesia to the United Kingdom</a> </b><br />1954–1956 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Soenario" title="Soenario">Soenario</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence_(BPUPK)111" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence_(BPUPK)111" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence" title="Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence">Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence</a> (BPUPK)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Java BPUPK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesian members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_(nationalist)" title="Abdul Halim (nationalist)">Abdul Halim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdoel_Kahar_Moezakir" title="Abdoel Kahar Moezakir">Abdoel Kahar Moezakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Fatah_Hasan" title="Abdul Fatah Hasan">Abdul Fatah Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Kadir_(Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Kadir (Indonesia) (page does not exist)">Abdul Kadir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Kaffar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Kaffar (page does not exist)">Abdul Kaffar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulrahim_Pratalykrama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulrahim Pratalykrama (page does not exist)">Abdulrahim Pratalykrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Baswedan" title="Abdurrahman Baswedan">Abdurrahman Baswedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abikusno_Tjokrosujoso" title="Abikusno Tjokrosujoso">Abikusno Tjokrosujoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achmad_Soebardjo" title="Achmad Soebardjo">Achmad Soebardjo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agus_Muhsin_Dasaad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agus Muhsin Dasaad (page does not exist)">Agus Muhsin Dasaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agus_Salim" title="Agus Salim">Agus Salim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sanusi" title="Ahmad Sanusi">Ahmad Sanusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Andries_Maramis" title="Alexander Andries Maramis">Alexander Andries Maramis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashar_Sutejo_Munandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashar Sutejo Munandar (page does not exist)">Ashar Sutejo Munandar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asikin_Natanegara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asikin Natanegara (page does not exist)">Asikin Natanegara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagoes_Hadikoesoemo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagoes Hadikoesoemo (page does not exist)">Bagoes Hadikoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besar_Mertokusumo" title="Besar Mertokusumo">Besar Mertokusumo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bintoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bintoro (page does not exist)">Bintoro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boentaran_Martoatmodjo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boentaran Martoatmodjo (page does not exist)">Boentaran Martoatmodjo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindromartono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindromartono (page does not exist)">Hindromartono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoesein_Djajadiningrat" title="Hoesein Djajadiningrat">Hoesein Djajadiningrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenal_Asikin_Wijaya_Kusuma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenal Asikin Wijaya Kusuma (page does not exist)">Jenal Asikin Wijaya Kusuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Latuharhary" title="Johannes Latuharhary">Johannes Latuharhary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_Hajar_Dewantara" title="Ki Hajar Dewantara">Ki Hajar Dewantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusumah_Atmaja" title="Kusumah Atmaja">Kusumah Atmaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liem_Koen_Hian" title="Liem Koen Hian">Liem Koen Hian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margono_Djojohadikusumo" title="Margono Djojohadikusumo">Margono Djojohadikusumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Ulfah_Santoso" title="Maria Ulfah Santoso">Maria Ulfah Santoso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mas_Aris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mas Aris (page does not exist)">Mas Aris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Mansoer" title="Mas Mansoer">Mas Mansoer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjkur" title="Masjkur">Masjkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Noor" title="Mohammad Noor">Mohammad Noor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yamin" title="Mohammad Yamin">Mohammad Yamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oey_Tiang_Tjoei" title="Oey Tiang Tjoei">Oey Tiang Tjoei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oey_Tjong_Hauw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oey Tjong Hauw (page does not exist)">Oey Tjong Hauw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oto_Iskandar_di_Nata" title="Oto Iskandar di Nata">Oto Iskandar di Nata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._F._Dahler" title="P. F. Dahler">P. F. Dahler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panji_Singgih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panji Singgih (page does not exist)">Panji Singgih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parada_Harahap" title="Parada Harahap">Parada Harahap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poerbonegoro_Soemitro_Kolopaking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poerbonegoro Soemitro Kolopaking (page does not exist)">Poerbonegoro Soemitro Kolopaking</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purubojo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purubojo (page does not exist)">Purubojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiman_Wediodiningrat" title="Rajiman Wediodiningrat">Rajiman Wediodiningrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosseno_Soerjohadikoesoemo" title="Roosseno Soerjohadikoesoemo">Roosseno Soerjohadikoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruslan_Wongsokusumo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruslan Wongsokusumo (page does not exist)">Ruslan Wongsokusumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsi_Sastrawidagda" title="Samsi Sastrawidagda">Samsi Sastrawidagda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samsudin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samsudin (page does not exist)">Samsudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartono" title="Sartono">Sartono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sastromoeljono" title="Sastromoeljono">Sastromoeljono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siti_Sukaptinah_Sunaryo_Mangunpuspito" title="Siti Sukaptinah Sunaryo Mangunpuspito">Siti Sukaptinah Sunaryo Mangunpuspito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soekiman_Wirjosandjojo" title="Soekiman Wirjosandjojo">Soekiman Wirjosandjojo</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soepomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surachman_Tjokroadisurjo" title="Surachman Tjokroadisurjo">Surachman Tjokroadisurjo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soerjo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soerjo (page does not exist)">Soerjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soeroso" title="Soeroso">Soeroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soetardjo_Kartohadikusumo" title="Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo">Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soewandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soewandi (page does not exist)">Soewandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosrodiningrat_V" title="Sosrodiningrat V">Sosrodiningrat V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudirman" title="Sudirman">Sudirman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarjo_Wiryopranoto" title="Sukarjo Wiryopranoto">Sukarjo Wiryopranoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suryohamijoyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suryohamijoyo (page does not exist)">Suryohamijoyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanto_Tirtoprodjo" title="Susanto Tirtoprodjo">Susanto Tirtoprodjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Eng_Hoa" title="Tan Eng Hoa">Tan Eng Hoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahid_Hasyim" title="Wahid Hasyim">Wahid Hasyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiranatakusumah_V" title="Wiranatakusumah V">Wiranatakusumah V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wongsonegoro" title="Wongsonegoro">Wongsonegoro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wuryaningrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wuryaningrat (page does not exist)">Wuryaningrat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ide_Teitiroo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ide Teitiroo (page does not exist)">Ide Teitiroo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itibangase_Yosio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itibangase Yosio (page does not exist)">Itibangase Yosio</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%95%AA%E3%83%B6%E7%80%AC%E4%BD%B3%E9%9B%84" class="extiw" title="ja:一番ヶ瀬佳雄">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itagaki_Masamitsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itagaki Masamitsu (page does not exist)">Itagaki Masamitsu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%9E%A3%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%82" class="extiw" title="ja:板垣政参">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masuda_Toyohiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masuda Toyohiko (page does not exist)">Masuda Toyohiko</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%8A%E7%94%B0%E8%B1%8A%E5%BD%A6" class="extiw" title="ja:益田豊彦">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsuura_Mitsukiyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matsuura Mitsukiyo (page does not exist)">Matsuura Mitsukiyo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%B5%A6%E5%85%89%E6%B8%85" class="extiw" title="ja:松浦光清">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyano_Shozo" title="Miyano Shozo">Miyano Shozo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanaka_Minoru_(soldier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanaka Minoru (soldier) (page does not exist)">Tanaka Minoru (soldier)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%A8%94_(%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%BA)" class="extiw" title="ja:田中稔 (陸軍軍人)">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokonami_Tokuji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokonami Tokuji (page does not exist)">Tokonami Tokuji</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%8A%E6%AC%A1%E5%BE%B3%E4%BA%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:床次徳二">ja</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sumatra BPUPK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Indonesian_members18" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesian members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teuku_Nyak_Arif" title="Teuku Nyak Arif">Teuku Nyak Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Kapau_Gani" title="Adnan Kapau Gani">Adnan Kapau Gani</a></li> <li>A. R. Sutan Mansur</li> <li>A. Sjagoff</li> <li>Abdul Abbas</li> <li>Aminoeddin</li> <li>Amir</li> <li>Azairin</li> <li>Chatib Soeleiman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djamaluddin_Adinegoro" title="Djamaluddin Adinegoro">Djamaluddin Adinegoro</a> (secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lumban_Tobing" title="Ferdinand Lumban Tobing">Ferdinand Lumban Tobing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamka" title="Hamka">Hamka</a></li> <li>Hsu Hua Chang</li> <li>Ibrahim</li> <li>Indra Tjahaja</li> <li>M. A. Sjarif</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daud_Beureueh" title="Daud Beureueh">Daud Beureueh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuku_Mohammad_Hasan" title="Teuku Mohammad Hasan">Teuku Mohammad Hasan</a></li> <li>Mohd. Sjafei (chairman)</li> <li>Perpatih Baringek</li> <li>Pirngadi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asahan_Sultanate" title="Asahan Sultanate">Saibun Abdul Jalil Rahmat Sjah</a></li> <li>Sjech Mohd. Djamil Djambek</li> <li>Tjik Wan</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Heroes_of_Indonesia176" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" title="Template:National Heroes of Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:National Heroes of Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Heroes of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Heroes_of_Indonesia176" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Hero_of_Indonesia" title="National Hero of Indonesia">National Heroes of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdoel_Kahar_Moezakir" title="Abdoel Kahar Moezakir">Abdoel Kahar Moezakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Majalengka" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Halim Majalengka">Abdul Halim Majalengka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Baswedan" title="Abdurrahman Baswedan">Abdurrahman Baswedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achmad_Soebardjo" title="Achmad Soebardjo">Achmad Soebardjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Malik" title="Adam Malik">Adam Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Kapau_Gani" title="Adnan Kapau Gani">Adnan Kapau Gani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Andries_Maramis" title="Alexander Andries Maramis">Alexander Andries Maramis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Djemma" title="Andi Djemma">Andi Djemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Sultan_Daeng_Radja" title="Andi Sultan Daeng Radja">Andi Sultan Daeng Radja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arie_Frederik_Lasut" title="Arie Frederik Lasut">Arie Frederik Lasut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Mononutu" title="Arnold Mononutu">Arnold Mononutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagindo_Azizchan" title="Bagindo Azizchan">Bagindo Azizchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.W._Lapian" class="mw-redirect" title="B.W. Lapian">B.W. Lapian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjilik_Riwut" title="Tjilik Riwut">Tjilik Riwut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djuanda_Kartawidjaja" title="Djuanda Kartawidjaja">Djoeanda Kartawidjaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Douwes_Dekker" title="Ernest Douwes Dekker">Ernest Douwes Dekker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lumbantobing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Lumbantobing">Ferdinand Lumbantobing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatot_Mangkoepradja" title="Gatot Mangkoepradja">Gatot Mangkoepradja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_IX" title="Hamengkubuwono IX">Hamengkubuwono IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazairin" title="Hazairin">Hazairin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idham_Chalid" title="Idham Chalid">Idham Chalid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ide_Anak_Agung_Gde_Agung" title="Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung">Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Joseph_Kasimo_Hendrowahyono" title="Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono">Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Gusti_Ketut_Pudja" title="I Gusti Ketut Pudja">I Gusti Ketut Pudja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwa_Koesoemasoemantri" title="Iwa Koesoemasoemantri">Iwa Koesoemasoemantri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izaak_Huru_Doko" title="Izaak Huru Doko">Izaak Huru Doko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Leimena" title="Johannes Leimena">Johannes Leimena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasman_Singodimedjo" title="Kasman Singodimedjo">Kasman Singodimedjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusumah_Atmaja" title="Kusumah Atmaja">Kusumah Atmaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambertus_Nicodemus_Palar" title="Lambertus Nicodemus Palar">Lambertus Nicodemus Palar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskoen_Soemadiredja" title="Maskoen Soemadiredja">Maskoen Soemadiredja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjkur" title="Masjkur">Masjkur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta">Mohammad Hatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Husni_Thamrin" title="Mohammad Husni Thamrin">Mohammad Husni Thamrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Natsir" title="Mohammad Natsir">Mohammad Natsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moewardi" title="Moewardi">Moewardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nani_Wartabone" title="Nani Wartabone">Nani Wartabone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opu_Daeng_Risaju" title="Opu Daeng Risaju">Opu Daeng Risaju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oto_Iskandar_di_Nata" title="Oto Iskandar di Nata">Oto Iskandar di Nata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Mohammad_Noor" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Mohammad Noor">P. M. Noor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiman_Wediodiningrat" title="Rajiman Wediodiningrat">Rajiman Wediodiningrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasuna_Said" title="Rasuna Said">Rasuna Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahardjo" title="Sahardjo">Sahardjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ratulangi" title="Sam Ratulangi">Sam Ratulangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanhudi" title="Samanhudi">Samanhudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soekarni" class="mw-redirect" title="Soekarni">Soekarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarjo_Wiryopranoto" title="Sukarjo Wiryopranoto">Sukarjo Wiryopranoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supeno" title="Supeno">Supeno</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Soepomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soeroso" title="Soeroso">Soeroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ario_Soerjo" title="Ario Soerjo">Ario Soerjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soerjopranoto" title="Soerjopranoto">Soerjopranoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutan_Mohammad_Amin_Nasution" title="Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution">Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutan_Sjahrir" title="Sutan Sjahrir">Sutan Sjahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjafruddin_Prawiranegara" title="Sjafruddin Prawiranegara">Sjafruddin Prawiranegara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Malaka" title="Tan Malaka">Tan Malaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuku_Muhammad_Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Teuku Muhammad Hasan">Teuku Muhammad Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuku_Nyak_Arif" title="Teuku Nyak Arif">Teuku Nyak Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oemar_Said_Tjokroaminoto" title="Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto">Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahid_Hasyim" title="Wahid Hasyim">Wahid Hasyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainul_Arifin" title="Zainul Arifin">Zainul Arifin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haris_Nasution" title="Abdul Haris Nasution">Abdul Haris Nasution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Saleh_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Rahman Saleh (physician)">Abdul Rahman Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agustinus_Adisucipto" class="mw-redirect" title="Agustinus Adisucipto">Adisucipto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Abdullah_Bau_Massepe" title="Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe">Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basuki_Rahmat" title="Basuki Rahmat">Basuki Rahmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djamin_Ginting" title="Djamin Ginting">Djamin Ginting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djatikoesoemo" title="Djatikoesoemo">Djatikoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatot_Soebroto" title="Gatot Soebroto">Gatot Soebroto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halim_Perdanakusuma" title="Halim Perdanakusuma">Halim Perdanakusuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_Thohir" title="Harun Thohir">Harun Thohir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Basry" title="Hasan Basry">Hasan Basry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iswahyudi" title="Iswahyudi">Iswahyudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Gusti_Ngurah_Rai" title="I Gusti Ngurah Rai">I Gusti Ngurah Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahja_Daniel_Dharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahja Daniel Dharma">John Lie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keumalahayati" title="Keumalahayati">Keumalahayati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Martadinata" title="Eddy Martadinata">R. E. Martadinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Isman" title="Mas Isman">Mas Isman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moestopo" title="Moestopo">Moestopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mangundiprojo" title="Muhammad Mangundiprojo">Muhammad Mangundiprojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yasin" title="Muhammad Yasin">Muhammad Yasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noer_Alie" title="Noer Alie">Noer Alie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oerip_Soemohardjo" title="Oerip Soemohardjo">Oerip Soemohardjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamet_Rijadi" title="Slamet Rijadi">Slamet Rijadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Soekanto_Tjokrodiatmodjo" title="Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo">Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudirman" title="Sudirman">Sudirman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supriyadi" title="Supriyadi">Supriyadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutomo" title="Sutomo">Sutomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syam%27un" title="Syam'un">Syam'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._B._Simatupang" title="T. B. Simatupang">T. B. Simatupang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janatin" class="mw-redirect" title="Janatin">Usman Janatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wolter_Mongisidi" title="Robert Wolter Mongisidi">Robert Wolter Mongisidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yos_Sudarso" title="Yos Sudarso">Yos Sudarso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatmawati" title="Fatmawati">Fatmawati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Revolutionaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yani" title="Ahmad Yani">Ahmad Yani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Satsuit_Tubun" title="Karel Satsuit Tubun">Karel Satsuit Tubun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Tirtodarmo_Haryono" title="Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono">Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katamso_Darmokusumo" title="Katamso Darmokusumo">Katamso Darmokusumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Izacus_Pandjaitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Izacus Pandjaitan">Donald Izacus Pandjaitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tendean" title="Pierre Tendean">Pierre Tendean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siswondo_Parman" title="Siswondo Parman">Siswondo Parman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugiyono_Mangunwiyoto" title="Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto">Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soeprapto_(general)" title="Soeprapto (general)">Suprapto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutoyo_Siswomiharjo" title="Sutoyo Siswomiharjo">Sutoyo Siswomiharjo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alimin" title="Alimin">Alimin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soetomo" title="Soetomo">Dr. Soetomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjipto_Mangoenkoesoemo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo">Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahidin_Soedirohoesodo" title="Wahidin Soedirohoesodo">Wahidin Soedirohoesodo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Muis" title="Abdul Muis">Abdoel Moeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agus_Salim" title="Agus Salim">Agus Salim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Hamzah" title="Amir Hamzah">Amir Hamzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yamin" title="Mohammad Yamin">Mohammad Yamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ali_Haji" title="Raja Ali Haji">Raja Ali Haji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Marzuki" title="Ismail Marzuki">Ismail Marzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_Rudolf_Supratman" title="Wage Rudolf Supratman">Wage Rudolf Supratman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usmar_Ismail" title="Usmar Ismail">Usmar Ismail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dewi_Sartika" title="Dewi Sartika">Dewi Sartika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Johannes" title="Herman Johannes">Herman Johannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartini" title="Kartini">Kartini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_Hajar_Dewantara" title="Ki Hajar Dewantara">Ki Hajar Dewantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_Sarmidi_Mangunsarkoro" title="Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro">Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Walanda_Maramis" title="Maria Walanda Maramis">Maria Walanda Maramis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Integration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frans_Kaisiepo" title="Frans Kaisiepo">Frans Kaisiepo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Abraham_Dimara" title="Johannes Abraham Dimara">Johannes Abraham Dimara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marthen_Indey" title="Marthen Indey">Marthen Indey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajonga_Daeng_Ngalie" class="mw-redirect" title="Pajonga Daeng Ngalie">Pajonga Daeng Ngalie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Papare" title="Silas Papare">Silas Papare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syarif_Kasim_II" title="Syarif Kasim II">Syarif Kasim II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Press</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Yakoub" title="Ilyas Yakoub">Ilyas Yakoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Tabrani" title="Mohammad Tabrani">Mohammad Tabrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhana_Kuddus" title="Ruhana Kuddus">Ruhana Kuddus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirto_Adhi_Soerjo" title="Tirto Adhi Soerjo">Tirto Adhi Soerjo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suharso" title="Suharso">Suharso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siti_Hartinah" title="Siti Hartinah">Siti Hartinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmus_Zakaria_Johannes" title="Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes">Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Chalim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Chalim (page does not exist)">Abdul Chalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahab_Hasbullah" title="Abdul Wahab Hasbullah">Abdul Wahab Hasbullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Dahlan">Ahmad Dahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Hanafiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Hanafiah (page does not exist)">Ahmad Hanafiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sanusi" title="Ahmad Sanusi">Ahmad Sanusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As%27ad_Syamsul_Arifin" title="As'ad Syamsul Arifin">As'ad Syamsul Arifin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Soegijapranata" title="Albertus Soegijapranata">Albertus Soegijapranata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ki_Bagus_Hadikusumo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ki Bagus Hadikusumo (page does not exist)">Bagoes Hadikoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KH_Fakhruddin" title="KH Fakhruddin">Fakhruddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamka" title="Hamka">Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasyim_Asy%27ari" title="Hasyim Asy'ari">Hasyim Asy'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafran_Pane" title="Lafran Pane">Lafran Pane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Mansoer" title="Mas Mansoer">Mas Mansoer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyai_Ahmad_Dahlan" title="Nyai Ahmad Dahlan">Nyai Ahmad Dahlan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Struggle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Kadir_Raden_Temenggung_Setia_Pahlawan" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Kadir Raden Temenggung Setia Pahlawan">Abdul Kadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achmad_Rifa%27i" title="Achmad Rifa'i">Achmad Rifa'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtayasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirtayasa">Ageng Tirtayasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Depu" title="Andi Depu">Andi Depu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Mappanyukki" title="Andi Mappanyukki">Andi Mappanyukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_Wangsakara" title="Aria Wangsakara">Aria Wangsakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Antasari" title="Prince Antasari">Prince Antasari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Agung_of_Mataram" title="Sultan Agung of Mataram">Sultan Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babullah_of_Ternate" title="Babullah of Ternate">Sultan Babullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataha_Santiago" title="Bataha Santiago">Bataha Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teungku_Chik_di_Tiro" title="Teungku Chik di Tiro">Teungku Chik di Tiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_Nyak_Dhien" title="Cut Nyak Dhien">Cut Nyak Dhien</a></li> <li><a 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href="/wiki/Machmud_Singgirei_Rumagesan" title="Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan">Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Badaruddin_II" title="Mahmud Badaruddin II">Mahmud Badaruddin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_III_of_Johor" title="Mahmud Shah III of Johor">Mahmud Shah III of Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangkunegara_I" title="Mangkunegara I">Mangkunegara I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Christina_Tiahahu" title="Martha Christina Tiahahu">Martha Christina Tiahahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Muhammad_Amiruddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin">Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyi_Ageng_Serang" title="Nyi Ageng Serang">Nyi Ageng Serang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakubuwono_VI" title="Pakubuwono VI">Pakubuwono VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakubuwono_X" title="Pakubuwono X">Pakubuwono X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattimura" title="Pattimura">Pattimura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pong_Tiku" title="Pong Tiku">Pong Tiku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raden_Mattaher" title="Raden Mattaher">Raden Mattaher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radin_Inten_II" title="Radin Inten II">Radin Inten II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranggong_Daeng_Romo" title="Ranggong Daeng Romo">Ranggong Daeng Romo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratu_Kalinyamat" title="Ratu Kalinyamat">Ratu Kalinyamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisingamangaraja_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisingamangaraja XII">Sisingamangaraja XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Yusuf" title="Sheikh Yusuf">Syech Yusuf Tajul Khalwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Tambusai" title="Tuanku Tambusai">Tuanku Tambusai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuku_Umar" title="Teuku Umar">Teuku Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaha_Syaifuddin" title="Thaha Syaifuddin">Thaha Syaifuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untung_Surapati" title="Untung Surapati">Untung Surapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainal_Mustafa" title="Zainal Mustafa">Zainal Mustafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4201183#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1190" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4201183#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1190" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000081974106">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/11226745">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/283922547">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1773139/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjGHMQJ6kXhWCTKGGfWHJC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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