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<button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> <b>Telecommunications in Namibia</b> include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Radio_and_television">Radio and television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Namibia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Radio and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Namibia#Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Namibia">Media of Namibia § Radio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Namibia#Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Namibia">Media of Namibia § Television</a></div> <p>Per 1,000 inhabitants, there were 50 TV sets and 137 radio sets in Namibia in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">Radio stations</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>State-run radio service broadcasts in multiple languages; about a dozen private radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007);</li> <li>AM 2, FM 39, shortwave 4 (2001);</li> <li>AM 2, FM 34, shortwave 5 (1998).</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Since Independence in 1990, Namibia has seen a dramatic growth in radio stations, with both commercial (for instance Radio 99, Radio Wave, Radio Energy, Omulunga Radio, West Coast FM, etc.) and community (<a href="/wiki/UNAM_Radio" title="UNAM Radio">UNAM Radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katutura_Community_Radio" title="Katutura Community Radio">Katutura Community Radio</a>, etc.) receiving licences. Most of these stations broadcast various types of music format, and political discussions, news and phone-in programs remain mostly the domain of the national broadcaster (NBC) which broadcasts nine radio services nationally (in various Namibian languages, including German - the only full-time German service outside of Europe), plus the new !Ha service, broadcasting to the <a href="/wiki/San_people" title="San people">San</a> community in <a href="/wiki/Tsumkwe" title="Tsumkwe">Tsumkwe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">Television stations</a>: 1 private and 1 state-run TV station; satellite and cable TV service is available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available (2007).<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The television network with the widest transmission range is the <a href="/wiki/Namibian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Namibian Broadcasting Corporation">Namibian Broadcasting Corporation</a> (NBC, not to be confused with the American <a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> network). The NBC is the successor to the South Africa–run South West African Broadcasting Corporation (SWABC), which was modeled on the original <a href="/wiki/South_African_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Broadcasting Corporation">SABC</a>. Like the radio services of the NBC, the television service tries to cater to all the linguistic audiences in Namibia, although the dominant language is English (Namibia's official language).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The commercial "free to air" station is <a href="/wiki/One_Africa_Television" title="One Africa Television">One Africa Television</a>, the successor to the now defunct TV Africa. It has expanded its transmitter network and is now available in most major towns and cities in Namibia. In 2007 it commenced broadcasting a local television news bulletin each evening.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Broadcasting_Network" title="Trinity Broadcasting Network">Trinity Broadcasting Network</a> (TBN) is a religion television station, with some material originating locally, although also carrying relays from the United States. It is based in <a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a> and holds a community television licence granted in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Telephones">Telephones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Namibia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Telephones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Namibia" title="Telephone numbers in Namibia">Telephone numbers in Namibia</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calling_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Calling code">Calling code</a>: +264<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_call_prefixes" title="List of international call prefixes">International call prefix</a>: 00<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Main lines in use:<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>144,575 lines, 126th in the world (2019);</li> <li>171,000 lines (2012);</li> <li>140,000 lines (2008);</li> <li>127,900 lines (2004);</li> <li>110,200 lines (2000);</li> <li>100,848 lines (1997).</li></ul></li> <li>Mobile cellular:<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>2.92 million lines, 142nd in the world (2019);</li> <li>2.4 million lines (2012);</li> <li>1.1 million lines (2008);</li> <li>450,000 lines (2006);</li> <li>495,000 lines (2005);</li> <li>  82,000 lines (2000 estimate);</li> <li>  20,000 lines (1998).</li></ul></li> <li>Telephone system: good system; core fiber-optic network links most centers and connections are now digital; multiple mobile-cellular providers with a combined subscribership of more than 100 telephones per 100 persons; fiber-optic cable to South Africa, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links to other neighboring countries (2010).<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_submarine_communications_cables" title="List of international submarine communications cables">Communications cables</a>: connected to the <a href="/wiki/ACE_(cable_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="ACE (cable system)">African Coast to Europe</a> (ACE)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/WACS_(cable_system)" class="mw-redirect" title="WACS (cable system)">West Africa Cable System</a> (WACS)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> submarine cables, as well as the <a href="/wiki/SAFE_(cable_system)" title="SAFE (cable system)">South African Far East</a> (SAFE) submarine cable through <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> (2010).<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite earth stations</a>: 4 <a href="/wiki/Intelsat" title="Intelsat">Intelsat</a> (2010).<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internet">Internet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Namibia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">Top-level domain</a>: <a href="/wiki/.na" title=".na">.na</a><sup id="cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_Internet_users" title="List of countries by number of Internet users">Internet users</a>: 1,291,944 users, 134th in the world; 51% of the population (2019).<sup id="cite_ref-NIUCalc_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIUCalc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ITU-IndividualsUsingTheInternet_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITU-IndividualsUsingTheInternet-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_broadband_Internet_subscriptions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions">Fixed broadband</a>: 61,698 subscriptions, 131st in the world (2019).<sup id="cite_ref-NIUCalc_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIUCalc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FixedBroadbandITUDynamic2012_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FixedBroadbandITUDynamic2012-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_broadband_Internet_subscriptions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by number of broadband Internet subscriptions">Wireless broadband</a>: 624,257 subscriptions, 86th in the world; 28.8% of the population, 56th in the world (2012).<sup id="cite_ref-MobleBroadbandITUDynamic2012_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MobleBroadbandITUDynamic2012-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_Internet_hosts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by number of Internet hosts">Internet hosts</a>: 78,280 hosts, 84th in the world (2012).<sup id="cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPv4" title="IPv4">IPv4</a>: 199,168 addresses allocated, less than 0.05% of the world total, 92.0 addresses per 1000 people (2012).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Namibia" title="Telecom Namibia">Telecom Namibia</a>, which has offered <a href="/wiki/ADSL" title="ADSL">ADSL</a> access since late 2006,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has a de facto monopoly on ADSL access. Their monopoly was unsuccessfully challenged in the courts by MWeb Namibia in May 2007<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and again in August 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2007, ISP Namibia Mweb began offering broadband wireless services through <a href="/wiki/WiMax" class="mw-redirect" title="WiMax">WiMax</a>, making <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a> the second African country (after <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>) to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internet_censorship_and_surveillance">Internet censorship and surveillance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Namibia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Internet censorship and surveillance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are no government restrictions on access to the Internet; however, the Communications Act provides that the intelligence services can monitor <a href="/wiki/E-mail" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mail">e-mail</a> and Internet usage with authorization from any magistrate. There have been some allegations and rumors that the government reviewed ways to block or curtail social media sites, but there is no concrete evidence of such action.<sup id="cite_ref-USDOS-CRHRP-Namibia-2012_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOS-CRHRP-Namibia-2012-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitution provides for <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">press</a>, and the government generally respects these rights.<sup id="cite_ref-USDOS-CRHRP-Namibia-2012_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDOS-CRHRP-Namibia-2012-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Namibia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MTC_Namibia" title="MTC Namibia">Mobile Telecommunications Limited Namibia</a> (MTC-Namibia), a mobile phone company 66% of which is owned by Namibia Post and Telecom Holdings Limited which is intern wholly owned by the Namibian Government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TN_Mobile" title="TN Mobile">TN Mobile</a>, a mobile telecommunications company 100% owned by Telecom Namibia which is owned by Namibia Post and Telecom Holdings Limited which is intern wholly owned by the Namibian Government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecom_Namibia" title="Telecom Namibia">Telecom Namibia</a>, a commercialized subsidiary of Namibia Post and Telecom Holdings Limited which is intern wholly owned by the Namibian Government.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Namibia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Namibia">Media of Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_terrestrial_fibre_optic_cable_projects_in_Africa" title="List of terrestrial fibre optic cable projects in Africa">List of terrestrial fibre optic cable projects in Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digitalization_in_Namibia" title="Digitalization in Namibia">Digitalization in Namibia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Namibia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyson2008" class="citation journal cs1">Tyson, Robin (January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.co.za/docserver/fulltext/glomed_africa/2/1/25.pdf">"The South African media's (re) colonisation of Namibia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Global Media Journal-African Edition</i>. <b>2</b> (1): 66–79.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Media+Journal-African+Edition&rft.atitle=The+South+African+media%27s+%28re%29+colonisation+of+Namibia&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=66-79&rft.date=2008-01&rft.aulast=Tyson&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.co.za%2Fdocserver%2Ffulltext%2Fglomed_africa%2F2%2F1%2F25.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelecommunications+in+Namibia" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIAWFB-Namibia-2014_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/namibia/">"Communications: Namibia"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210110010829/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/namibia">Archived</a> 2021-01-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>World Factbook</i>, U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, 7 January 2014. Retrieved 20 January 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDieckmann,_U._Thiem,_M._Dirkx,_Hays,_J.2014" class="citation book cs1">Dieckmann, U. Thiem, M. Dirkx, Hays, J. (2014). <i>Scraping the Pot: San in Namibia Two Decades After Independence</i>. Windhoek, NAMIBIA: Legal Assistance Centre and Desert Research Foundation of Namibia. p. 519. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99945-61-52-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-99945-61-52-0"><bdi>978-99945-61-52-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Scraping+the+Pot%3A+San+in+Namibia+Two+Decades+After+Independence&rft.place=Windhoek%2C+NAMIBIA&rft.pages=519&rft.pub=Legal+Assistance+Centre+and+Desert+Research+Foundation+of+Namibia&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-99945-61-52-0&rft.au=Dieckmann%2C+U.+Thiem%2C+M.+Dirkx%2C+Hays%2C+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelecommunications+in+Namibia" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Namibia Telecom Laws and Regulations Handbook</i>. USA: International Business Publication Publication. 2018. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4330-8225-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4330-8225-2"><bdi>978-1-4330-8225-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Namibia+Telecom+Laws+and+Regulations+Handbook&rft.place=USA&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=International+Business+Publication+Publication&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4330-8225-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelecommunications+in+Namibia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tbnnamibia.tv/about.html">"TBN Namibia"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=TBN+Namibia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbnnamibia.tv%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelecommunications+in+Namibia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/opb/sp/T-SP-E.164C-2011-PDF-E.pdf"><i>Dialing Procedures (International Prefix, National (Trunk) Prefix and National (Significant) Number) (in Accordance with ITY-T Recommendation E.164 (11/2010))</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130818054651/http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/opb/sp/T-SP-E.164C-2011-PDF-E.pdf">Archived</a> 2013-08-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Annex to ITU Operational Bulletin No. 994-15.XII.2011, International Telecommunication Union (ITU, Geneva), 15 December 2011. Retrieved 2 January 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ace-submarinecable.com/ace/default/EN/all/ace_en/">"ACE: Africa Coast to Europe"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140130212409/http://www.ace-submarinecable.com/ace/default/EN/all/ace_en/">Archived</a> 2014-01-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Orange SA. Retrieved 20 January 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wacscable.com/index.jsp">"West Africa Cable System (WACS)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140120164925/http://wacscable.com/index.jsp">Archived</a> 2014-01-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Tata Communications Ltd. Retrieved 20 January 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIUCalc-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NIUCalc_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NIUCalc_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Calculated using penetration rate and population data from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/rank.php">"Countries and Areas Ranked by Population: 2012"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170329060848/https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/rank.php">Archived</a> 2017-03-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Population data, International Programs, U.S. Census Bureau, retrieved 26 June 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ITU-IndividualsUsingTheInternet-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ITU-IndividualsUsingTheInternet_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2013/Individuals_Internet_2000-2012.xls">"Percentage of Individuals using the Internet 2000-2012"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140209141641/http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Statistics/Documents/statistics/2013/Individuals_Internet_2000-2012.xls">Archived</a> 2014-02-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, International Telecommunication Union (Geneva), June 2013, retrieved 22 June 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FixedBroadbandITUDynamic2012-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FixedBroadbandITUDynamic2012_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx">"Fixed (wired)-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190726064920/http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx">Archived</a> 2019-07-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a>. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MobleBroadbandITUDynamic2012-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MobleBroadbandITUDynamic2012_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx">"Active mobile-broadband subscriptions per 100 inhabitants 2012"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190726064920/http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ICTEYE/Reporting/DynamicReportWizard.aspx">Archived</a> 2019-07-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Dynamic Report, ITU ITC EYE, <a href="/wiki/International_Telecommunication_Union" title="International Telecommunication Union">International Telecommunication Union</a>. Retrieved on 29 June 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.countryipblocks.net/country-blocks/select-formats/">Select Formats</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090513033601/http://www.countryipblocks.net/country-blocks/select-formats/">Archived</a> 2009-05-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Country IP Blocks. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Site is said to be updated daily.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html">Population</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181004113653/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html">Archived</a> 2018-10-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>. Accessed on 2 April 2012. Note: Data are mostly for 1 July 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allafrica.com/stories/200609150845.html">"Namibia: Telecom Namibia to Provide Broadband Internet Services"</a><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription required)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121002035416/http://allafrica.com/stories/200609150845.html">Archived</a> 2012-10-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, All Africa, 15 September 2006. Retrieved 20 January 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.itweb.co.za/sections/internet/2007/0705311034.asp?A=AFN&S=All%20Africa%20News&O=E&C">http://www.itweb.co.za/sections/internet/2007/0705311034.asp?A=AFN&S=All%20Africa%20News&O=E&C</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120606180224/http://www.namibian.com.na/news-articles/national/full-story/archive/2011/august/article/mweb-loses-internet-case-against-telecom/">"the Namibian: MWeb loses internet case against Telecom"</a>. 2012-06-06. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.namibian.com.na/news-articles/national/full-story/archive/2011/august/article/mweb-loses-internet-case-against-telecom/">the original</a> on 2012-06-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-08-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=the+Namibian%3A+MWeb+loses+internet+case+against+Telecom&rft.date=2012-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.namibian.com.na%2Fnews-articles%2Fnational%2Ffull-story%2Farchive%2F2011%2Faugust%2Farticle%2Fmweb-loses-internet-case-against-telecom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelecommunications+in+Namibia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.itweb.co.za/sections/internet/2007/0702121031.asp?S=Mobile%20and%20Wireless%20Technology&A=MAW&O=FPQQ#1">http://www.itweb.co.za/sections/internet/2007/0702121031.asp?S=Mobile%20and%20Wireless%20Technology&A=MAW&O=FPQQ#1</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged June 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDOS-CRHRP-Namibia-2012-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USDOS-CRHRP-Namibia-2012_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USDOS-CRHRP-Namibia-2012_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204149">"Namibia"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210331055232/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/humanrightsreport/index.htm?year=2012&dlid=204149">Archived</a> 2021-03-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2012</i>, Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor, U.S. Department of State, 22 March 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2014.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Namibia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cran.na/">Communications Regulatory Authority of Namibia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004074449/http://www.cran.na/">Archived</a> 2013-10-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, website.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208000318/http://www.telecom.na/">Telecom Namibia</a>, website.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtc.com.na/">MTC-Namibia</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208014234/http://mtc.com.na/">Archived</a> 2014-02-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, website.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070608095218/http://www.na-nic.com.na/">Namibian Network Information Center</a> (NA-NIC), manager of the .na domain.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications_in_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Africa_topic" title="Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Africa_topic" title="Template talk:Africa topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Africa_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Africa topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications_in_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Telecommunications in Africa</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Algeria" title="Telecommunications in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Angola" title="Telecommunications in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Benin" title="Telecommunications in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Botswana" title="Telecommunications in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burkina_Faso" title="Telecommunications in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cameroon" title="Telecommunications in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cape_Verde" title="Telecommunications in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Chad" title="Telecommunications in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Comoros" title="Telecommunications in the Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Telecommunications in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Telecommunications in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Djibouti" title="Telecommunications in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Egypt" title="Telecommunications in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Equatorial_Guinea" title="Telecommunications in Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Eritrea" title="Telecommunications in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Eswatini" title="Telecommunications in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ethiopia" title="Telecommunications in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Gabon" title="Telecommunications in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Gambia" title="Telecommunications in the Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ghana" title="Telecommunications in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guinea" title="Telecommunications in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="Telecommunications in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ivory_Coast" title="Telecommunications in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kenya" title="Telecommunications in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lesotho" title="Telecommunications in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Liberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Malawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mali" title="Telecommunications in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mauritania" title="Telecommunications in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mauritius" title="Telecommunications in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Morocco" title="Telecommunications in Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mozambique" title="Telecommunications in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Niger" title="Telecommunications in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nigeria" title="Telecommunications in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Rwanda" title="Telecommunications in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Telecommunications in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Senegal" title="Telecommunications in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Seychelles" title="Telecommunications in Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sierra_Leone" title="Telecommunications in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Africa" title="Telecommunications in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Sudan" title="Telecommunications in South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sudan" title="Telecommunications in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tanzania" title="Telecommunications in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Togo" title="Telecommunications in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tunisia" title="Telecommunications in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uganda" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Zambia" title="Telecommunications in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Zimbabwe" title="Telecommunications in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">States with limited<br />recognition</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Somaliland" title="Telecommunications in Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Canary_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> / <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ceuta" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Ceuta">Ceuta</a> / <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Melilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Melilla">Melilla</a>  <span style="font-size:85%;">(Spain)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Madeira" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Madeira">Madeira</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Portugal)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mayotte" title="Telecommunications in Mayotte">Mayotte</a> / <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_R%C3%A9union&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Réunion (page does not exist)">Réunion</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(France)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Helena" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> / <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ascension_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a> / <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tristan_da_Cunha" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(United Kingdom)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Western_Sahara" title="Telecommunications in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_protection_system" title="Cable protection system">Cable protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_video" title="Internet video">Internet video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" title="Edholm's law">Edholm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">Pager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" title="History of prepaid mobile phones">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore">Semaphore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phryctoria" title="Phryctoria">Phryctoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" title="History of the transistor">transistor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telautograph" title="Telautograph">Telautograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> (teletype)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistled_language" title="Whistled language">Whistled language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless revolution">Wireless revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)">Nasir Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" title="Mohamed M. Atalla">Mohamed M. Atalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Berliner" title="Emile Berliner">Emile Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Blake_(inventor)" title="Francis Blake (inventor)">Francis Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bourseul" title="Charles Bourseul">Charles Bourseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogen_Dalal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogen Dalal">Yogen Dalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Davis_Jr." title="Daniel Davis Jr.">Daniel Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Dolbear" title="Amos Dolbear">Amos Dolbear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" title="Erna Schneider Hoover">Erna Schneider Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)">Harold Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">Internet pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" title="Dawon Kahng">Dawon Kahng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Landell_de_Moura" title="Roberto Landell de Moura">Roberto Landell de Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" title="Innocenzo Manzetti">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Meucci" title="Antonio Meucci">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun-ichi_Nishizawa" title="Jun-ichi Nishizawa">Jun-ichi Nishizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grafton_Page" title="Charles Grafton Page">Charles Grafton Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Tivadar Puskás">Tivadar Puskás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Brown_Strowger" title="Almon Brown Strowger">Almon Brown Strowger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" title="Henry Sutton (inventor)">Henry Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainter" title="Charles Sumner Tainter">Charles Sumner Tainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Tissot" title="Camille Tissot">Camille Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fiber-optic communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_communication" title="Molecular communication">Molecular communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_line" title="Transmission line">Transmission line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" title="Telecommunication circuit">telecommunication circuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br />and switching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">Bandwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">Code-division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_and_forward" title="Store and forward">Store and forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Types of network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Notable networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYCLADES" title="CYCLADES">CYCLADES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet2" title="Internet2">Internet2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JANET" title="JANET">JANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPL_network" title="NPL network">NPL network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toasternet" title="Toasternet">Toasternet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Africa" title="Category:Telecommunications in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_North_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in North America">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_South_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in South America">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Antarctica" title="Category:Communications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Asia" title="Category:Telecommunications in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Category:Telecommunications in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Oceania" title="Category:Telecommunications in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_telecommunications_regulatory_bodies" title="List of telecommunications regulatory bodies">Global telecommunications regulation bodies</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/16px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/24px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/32px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" title="Category:Telecommunications">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_telecommunication" title="Outline of telecommunication">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Telecommunications">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Internet_censorship_and_surveillance_by_country" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Internet_censorship_by_country" title="Template:Internet censorship by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Internet_censorship_by_country" title="Template talk:Internet censorship by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Internet_censorship_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Internet censorship by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Internet_censorship_and_surveillance_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_and_surveillance_by_country" title="Internet censorship and surveillance by country">Internet censorship and surveillance by country</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Algeria#Legal_and_regulatory_frameworks" title="Internet in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Angola#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Botswana#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Burkina_Faso#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Burundi#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Communications in Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cameroon#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Central_African_Republic#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Chad#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Internet_freedom" title="Human rights in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in the Republic of the Congo">Congo RO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Eritrea#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Ethiopia#Censorship" title="Internet in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Gambia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ghana#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guinea#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guinea-Bissau#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ivory_Coast#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kenya#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lesotho#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Liberia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Libya#Internet" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Madagascar#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Malawi" title="Internet censorship in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Mauritania#Internet_freedom" title="Human rights in Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Morocco" title="Internet censorship in Morocco">Morocco</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Western_Sahara#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Western Sahara">Western Sahara</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mozambique#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Niger#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nigeria#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Rwanda#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Senegal#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sierra_Leone#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Somalia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Communications in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_South_Africa" title="Internet censorship in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Sudan#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Swaziland#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Swaziland">Swaziland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Tanzania#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Togo#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Tunisia" title="Internet censorship in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Zambia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Zimbabwe#Legal_and_regulatory_framework" title="Internet in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Argentina#Censorship" title="Communications in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Bahamas#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Barbados#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belize#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bolivia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Brazil" title="Censorship in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Chile#Internet_freedom" title="Human rights in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Colombia#Censorship" title="Internet in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Costa_Rica#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Cuba" title="Internet censorship in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Dominican_Republic#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ecuador#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_El_Salvador#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Greenland#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guatemala#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guyana#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Haiti#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Honduras#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jamaica#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Mexico#Internet_censorship" title="Internet in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nicaragua#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Panama#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Peru#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Suriname#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_United_States" title="Internet censorship in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Puerto_Rico#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uruguay#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Venezuela" title="Censorship in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Afghanistan" title="Internet in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Bahrain#Internet" title="Human rights in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Bangladesh#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Bhutan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Cambodia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_China" title="Internet censorship in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_East_Timor#Censorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet in East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Hong_Kong" title="Internet censorship in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_India" title="Internet censorship in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Indonesia" title="Internet censorship in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Iran" title="Internet censorship in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iraq#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Israel#Internet_censorship" title="Internet in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Japan#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Jordan#Internet_censorship" title="Human rights in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Kuwait#Internet_freedom" title="Human rights in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Kyrgyzstan#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Mongolia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Myanmar" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Nepal" title="Internet in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_North_Korea" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Oman#Internet_rights" title="Human rights in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Pakistan" title="Internet censorship in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_Palestinian_territories#Censorship" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in the Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_the_Philippines#Internet" title="Censorship in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Qatar#Legal_and_regulatory_framework" title="Internet in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Saudi_Arabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Singapore" title="Internet censorship in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_South_Korea" title="Internet censorship in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Sri_Lanka" class="mw-redirect" title="Censorship in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Syria" title="Internet censorship in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Taiwan#Internet_censorship" title="Telecommunications in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Tajikistan#Surveillance_and_filtering" title="Internet in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Thailand" title="Internet censorship in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Turkmenistan" title="Human rights in Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates#Internet_censorship" title="Telecommunications in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Vietnam" title="Internet censorship in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Yemen" title="Internet in Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Albania#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Armenia#Censorship" title="Telecommunications in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Austria#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Azerbaijan" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Belarus" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Belgium#Internet_censorship" title="Internet in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Bulgaria#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Croatia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cyprus#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_Czech_Republic#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Estonia#Internet_surveillance_and_filtering" title="Internet in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_France" title="Internet censorship in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Germany" title="Internet censorship in Germany">Germany</a> (<a href="/wiki/Blocking_of_YouTube_videos_in_Germany" title="Blocking of YouTube videos in Germany">YouTube video blocking</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Georgia_(country)#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Greece#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Hungary#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Iceland" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Internet censorship in the Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Kazakhstan" title="Internet in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Latvia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Lithuania#Censorship" title="Telecommunications in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Moldova#Surveillance_and_filtering" title="Internet in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montenegro#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_North_Macedonia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Poland#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Portugal#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Romania" title="Internet censorship in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Russia" title="Internet censorship in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Serbia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Slovakia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Slovenia#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Spain#Internet_censorship_in_Spain" title="Internet in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Sweden#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Switzerland" title="Internet censorship in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Ukraine#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Internet in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Internet censorship in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Australia" title="Internet censorship in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Fiji#Internet_censorship_and_surveillance" title="Telecommunications in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_New_Zealand" title="Internet censorship in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Papua_New_Guinea#Censorship" title="Communications in Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_Economy_of_Namibia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Namibia" title="Template:Economy of Namibia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Namibia" title="Template talk:Economy of Namibia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Namibia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Namibia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_Economy_of_Namibia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Namibia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/20px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Namibia" title="Economy of Namibia">Economy of Namibia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Currency: <a href="/wiki/Namibian_dollar" title="Namibian dollar">Namibian dollar</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/South_African_rand" title="South African rand">South African rand</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Namibia" title="Agriculture in Namibia">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Namibia" title="Mining in Namibia">Mining</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_mining_in_Namibia" title="Uranium mining in Namibia">Uranium mining</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_Namibia" title="Banking in Namibia">Banking</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Namibia" title="List of power stations in Namibia">Power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Namibia" title="Tourism in Namibia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Namibia" title="Transport in Namibia">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Macroeconomics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Namibia" title="Bank of Namibia">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_dollar" title="Namibian dollar">Namibian dollar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibian_Stock_Exchange" title="Namibian Stock Exchange">NSX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_Namibia" title="Poverty in Namibia">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Namibia" title="Taxation in Namibia">Taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" 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