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href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Epicureism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 58 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-58" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">58 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikureismus" title="Epikureismus – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Epikureismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="أبيقورية – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أبيقورية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ابيقوريه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ابيقوريه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epik%C3%BCr%C3%A7%C3%BCl%C3%BCk" title="Epikürçülük – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Epikürçülük" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Эпікурэізм – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Эпікурэізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Епикурейство – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Епикурейство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikuriezh" title="Epikuriezh – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Epikuriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureisme" title="Epicureisme – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Epicureisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA" title="ئێپیکۆرییەت – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێپیکۆرییەت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikureismus" title="Epikureismus – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Epikureismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikureismus" title="Epikureismus – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Epikureismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureanism" title="Epicureanism – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Epicureanism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikurismo" title="Epikurismo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Epikurismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicure%C3%ADsmo" title="Epicureísmo – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Epicureísmo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikureism" title="Epikureism – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Epikureism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikureismo" title="Epikureismo – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Epikureismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="اپیکوریسم – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اپیکوریسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikurolaisuus" title="Epikurolaisuus – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Epikurolaisuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89picurisme" title="Épicurisme – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Épicurisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicure%C3%ADsmo" title="Epicureísmo – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Epicureísmo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA" title="האסכולה האפיקוראית – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האסכולה האפיקוראית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikurejstvo" title="Epikurejstvo – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Epikurejstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikureizmus" title="Epikureizmus – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Epikureizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Էպիկուրականություն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էպիկուրականություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikureanisme" title="Epikureanisme – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Epikureanisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikurismo" title="Epikurismo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Epikurismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epik%C3%BArismi" title="Epikúrismi – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Epikúrismi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureismo" title="Epicureismo – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Epicureismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%94%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="エピクロス主義 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エピクロス主義" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ეპიკურეიზმი – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ეპიკურეიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Эпикуреизм – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Эпикуреизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%9A" title="អេពីគួរ – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អេពីគួរ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%94%BC%EC%BF%A0%EB%A1%9C%EC%8A%A4_%ED%95%99%ED%8C%8C" title="에피쿠로스 학파 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에피쿠로스 학파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Эпикуреизм – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эпикуреизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epik%C5%ABrizmas" title="Epikūrizmas – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Epikūrizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikorisma" title="Epikorisma – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Epikorisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Епикурејство – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Епикурејство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicurisme" title="Epicurisme – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Epicurisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikurisme" title="Epikurisme – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Epikurisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicurisme" title="Epicurisme – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Epicurisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikureizm" title="Epikureizm – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Epikureizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="اپیکوریزم – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اپیکوریزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicurismo" title="Epicurismo – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Epicurismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Эпикуреизм – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эпикуреизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="ڪيوريائي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪيوريائي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikurejstvo" title="Epikurejstvo – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Epikurejstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epicureanism" title="Epicureanism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Epicureanism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikureizmus" title="Epikureizmus – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Epikureizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikurejstvo" title="Epikurejstvo – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Epikurejstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikurizmi" title="Epikurizmi – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Epikurizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Епикурејство – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Епикурејство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikurism" title="Epikurism – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Epikurism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikureismo" title="Epikureismo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Epikureismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epik%C3%BCrc%C3%BCl%C3%BCk" title="Epikürcülük – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Epikürcülük" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Епікурейство – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Епікурейство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="ایپی قوریت – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایپی قوریت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epikureizm" title="Epikureizm – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Epikureizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%AF%94%E9%B3%A9%E9%AD%AF%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" title="伊比鳩魯學派 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊比鳩魯學派" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><p><b>Epicureismul</b> este doctrina morală a lui <a href="/wiki/Epicur" title="Epicur">Epicur</a> și a discipolilor săi bazată pe teoria etică a fericirii raționale a individului. </p><p>Termenul <i>epicureism</i> este, etimologic, un substantiv format pornind de la numele lui <a href="/wiki/Epicur" title="Epicur">Epicur</a>. Sensul extins al termenului face referire la o căutare exclusivă și excesivă a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pl%C4%83cere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plăcere — pagină inexistentă">plăcerii</a>. În sens strict, termenul <i>epicureism</i> se referă la o <a href="/wiki/Doctrin%C4%83" title="Doctrină">doctrină</a> a lui <a href="/wiki/Epicur" title="Epicur">Epicur</a> și a discipolilor săi (spre exemplu, <a href="/wiki/Lucre%C8%9Biu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucrețiu">Lucrețiu</a>), fondată pe baza idealului de înțelepciune potrivit căruia fericirea, adică liniștea sufletului (<a href="/wiki/Ataraxie" title="Ataraxie">ataraxia</a>) este scopul <a href="/wiki/Moral%C4%83" title="Morală">moralei</a>; această doctrină ne învață să nu ne fie teamă nici de zei, nici de moarte (conform <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">materialismului</a>) și să căutăm plăcerile simple și naturale ale vieții (conform <a href="/wiki/Hedonism" title="Hedonism">hedonismului</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istoric">Istoric</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicureism&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istoric" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicureism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istoric"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Epicureismul s-a dezvoltat în <a href="/wiki/Antichitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Antichitate">Antichitate</a>, atât în Grecia, prin <a href="/wiki/Epicur" title="Epicur">Epicur</a>, cât și la Roma, prin <a href="/wiki/Lucre%C8%9Biu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucrețiu">Lucrețiu</a>, în circumstanțe marcate de tulburări politice. <a href="/wiki/Ev_Mediu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ev Mediu">Evul Mediu</a> creștin îl va oculta și va contribui foarte mult la alterarea sensurilor sale, răspândind povestea epicurianului care aleargă după satisfacții, poveste care nesocotea idealul de înțelepciune propriu epicureismului antic. Acesta din urmă va fi reconsiderat în perioada <a href="/wiki/Rena%C8%99tere" class="mw-redirect" title="Renaștere">Renașterii</a> prin <a href="/wiki/Montaigne" class="mw-redirect" title="Montaigne">Montaigne</a> și parțial în <a href="/wiki/Secolul_al_XVII-lea" title="Secolul al XVII-lea">secolul al XVII-lea</a> prin <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gassendi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gassendi — pagină inexistentă">Gassendi</a> și <a href="/wiki/Hobbes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobbes">Hobbes</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrierea_filosofiei">Descrierea filosofiei</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicureism&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Descrierea filosofiei" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicureism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Descrierea filosofiei"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Filosofia lui <a href="/wiki/Epicur" title="Epicur">Epicur</a> este constituită din trei părți: cea canonică, ce expune regulile adevărului; fizica (din grecescul „physis”, «natură»), care propune o explicație filosofică a naturii; și <a href="/wiki/Moral%C4%83" title="Morală">morala</a>, care tratează despre condițiile vieții fericite. Ordinea acestor trei părți este importantă deoarece ea corespunde sistemului lui <a href="/wiki/Epicur" title="Epicur">Epicur</a>. <a href="/wiki/Etic%C4%83" title="Etică">Etica</a> este în fapt scopul filosofiei, care are ca fundament fizica: ea oferă, grație canonicii, cunoașterea naturii, care îi va permite înțeleptului să fie fericit. </p><p><b>Canonica</b> </p><p>Criteriile <a href="/wiki/Adev%C4%83r" title="Adevăr">adevărului</a> sunt <a href="/wiki/Senza%C8%9Bie" title="Senzație">senzațiile</a>, căci ele ne pun în contact cu lucrurile exterioare. Corpurile emit particule fine («simulacre»), care întâlnesc simțurile noastre și permit astfel reprezentarea sensibilă. Aceasta nu este deci «subiectivă» sau înșelătoare: prin «simulacre» ea ne pune în contact cu lucrurile. Senzațiile repetate lasă în noi amprente care ne permit anticiparea percepției, prin intermediul căreia noi putem recunoaște obiectele. </p><p><b>Fizica</b> </p><p>Urmând învățăturile lui <a href="/wiki/Democrit" title="Democrit">Democrit</a> (sec. V î.Cr.), <a href="/wiki/Epicur" title="Epicur">Epicur</a> propune o explicație atomistă a naturii: lumea este compusă din elemente materiale minuscule și indivizibile, <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atomii</a>. În starea inițială, aceștia se deplasează în vid și, prin întâlnirea lor și prin diversele lor legături, formează lucrurile și ființele. Astfel, <i>nimic nu se naște din nimic</i>: tot ceea ce există nu este decât o anumită combinație de atomi; de asemenea, <a href="/wiki/Moarte" title="Moarte">moartea</a> reprezintă descompunearea unui corp în elementele sale «atomice». </p><p><a href="/wiki/Epicur" title="Epicur">Epicur</a> este deci <a href="/wiki/Materialism" title="Materialism">materialist</a>: deoarece orice lucru este o combinație de atomi, orice lucru este de natură materială. <a href="/wiki/Suflet" title="Suflet">Sufletul</a> însăși este o compoziție de atomi; iar ordinea lumii nu este rezultatul unui plan rațional sau al exercitării unei inteligențe divine, ci al <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hazard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hazard — pagină inexistentă">hazardului</a>. Ea s-a format prin jocul mecanic și orb de combinații atomice. Astfel, există o infinitate de lumi, iar <a href="/wiki/Cosmos" title="Cosmos">cosmosul</a> nu este veșnic. </p><p>În ceea ce îi privește pe zei (și ei materiali), ei există, dar, fericiți și independenți, tot așa cum vor să ajungă și înțelepții, ei se dezinteresează de lume și de lucrurile omenești. </p><p><b>Morala</b> </p><p>În epicurianism, numai <a href="/wiki/Ataraxie" title="Ataraxie">ataraxia</a> (în limba greacă «absența tulburării») ca și concepție despre natură poate fonda o morală autentică, eliberându-ne de <a href="/wiki/Mitologie" title="Mitologie">mitologiile</a> populare, de spaime sau de superstițiile care se alimentează în realitate din ignoranța noastră cu privire la natura lucrurilor. </p><p>Astfel, dacă zeii sunt indiferenți, nu avem de ce să ne temem de ei. Dacă <a href="/wiki/Suflet" title="Suflet">sufletul</a> nu este decât un compus material din atomi, nu avem de ce să ne temem nici de călătoria lui în regatul morții sau în legătură cu diferitele <a href="/wiki/Re%C3%AEncarnare" title="Reîncarnare">reîncarnări</a>, credințe obișnuite pentru greci. </p><p>Nu avem de ce să ne temem de <a href="/wiki/Moarte" title="Moarte">moarte</a>, care este descompunerea compusului material din care suntem alcătuiți, corp și suflet și care nu este deci, decât privare de <a href="/wiki/Senza%C8%9Bie" title="Senzație">senzații</a>. <i>Moartea nu înseamnă nimic pentru noi</i>, căci atunci când suntem noi, ea nu este, iar când survine, noi nu mai suntem. </p><p>Întrucât nu există lumea de dincolo, fericirea înțeleptului trebuie să se realizeze în această lume. <a href="/wiki/Senza%C8%9Bie" title="Senzație">Senzația</a>, care este criteriul cunoașterii, este, de asemenea, și ghidul care ne face să căutăm plăcerea și să fugim de durere. Această fericire va consta deci în satisfacerea plăcerilor, printre care, acelea ale inteligenței. Morala epicurianistă este un <a href="/wiki/Hedonism" title="Hedonism">hedonism</a> care nu constituie o apologie a plăcerii și a lipsei de măsură ci o promovare a unei juste reglementări a plăcerilor, viața înțeleptului fiind temperată, contemplativă și virtuoasă. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicureism&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicureism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Lucretius_Carus" title="Titus Lucretius Carus">Titus Lucretius Carus</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicureism&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicureism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Dicționar Enciclopedic de Filosofie - Elisabeth Clement, Chantal Demonque, Laurence Hansen-Love, Pierre Kahn - <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/9736842991" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 973-684-299-1</a></li> <li>Epicur - Scrisoare către Meneceu, PUF Paris 1971, pag. 130</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicureism&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicureism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crestinortodox.ro/religie-filosofie/perioada-etica-religioasa/epicureismul-71740.html">Epicureismul</a>, 24 iulie 2012, <i>CrestinOrtodox.ro</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crestinortodox.ro/religie-filosofie/perioada-etica-religioasa/epicur-teoria-cunoasterii-71741.html">Epicur - Teoria cunoasterii</a>, 24 iulie 2012, <i>CrestinOrtodox.ro</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crestinortodox.ro/religie-filosofie/perioada-etica-religioasa/epicur-filosofia-naturii-71742.html">Epicur - Filosofia naturii</a>, 24 iulie 2012, <i>CrestinOrtodox.ro</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crestinortodox.ro/religie-filosofie/perioada-etica-religioasa/epicureismul-roman-titus-lucretius-carus-71745.html">Epicureismul roman. Titus Lucretius Carus</a>, 24 iulie 2012, <i>CrestinOrtodox.ro</i></li></ul> <p><br clear="all" /> </p> <div style="text-align:center"> <table class="toccolours" style="margin: 0 2em 0 2em;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="background:#69C;" align="center"><span style="color:white"><b>Școli filosofice ale Antichității</b></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" style="font-size: 90%;"><b><a href="/wiki/%C8%98coala_milesian%C4%83" title="Școala milesiană">Școala milesiană</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/%C8%98coala_pitagoreic%C4%83" title="Școala pitagoreică">Școala pitagoreică</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/%C8%98coala_eleat%C4%83" title="Școala eleată">Școala eleată</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/Atomism" title="Atomism">Atomism</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/Sofism" title="Sofism">Sofism</a></b> | <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Academia_(Platon)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academia (Platon) — pagină inexistentă">Academia</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/Lyceum" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyceum">Lyceum</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/Cinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinism">Școala cinică</a></b> | <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98coala_cirenaic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Școala cirenaică — pagină inexistentă">Școala cirenaică</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/%C8%98coala_megaric%C4%83" title="Școala megarică">Școala megarică</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoicism</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/Epicurism" class="mw-redirect" title="Epicurism">Epicurism</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/Scepticism" title="Scepticism">Scepticism</a></b> | <b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Noua_Academie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Noua Academie — pagină inexistentă">Noua Academie</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/Platonism" title="Platonism">Platonism</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/Neoplatonism" title="Neoplatonism">Neoplatonism</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4015033-1">4015033-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh96001809">sh96001809</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph119978&CON_LNG=ENG">ph119978</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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