Ligand families | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="js/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script src="js/jquery.cookie.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="js/jquery.cookiecuttr.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="js/cookie_tracking.js" type="text/javascript"> <script> // Define dataLayer and the gtag function. window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} // Default ad_storage to 'denied' as a placeholder // Determine actual values based on your own requirements gtag('consent', 'default', { 'ad_storage': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': 'denied', 'ad_user_data': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied' }); </script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-2BNY8HSKW5"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-2BNY8HSKW5'); // gtag('event', eventName, eventParameters); </script> <script> if (jQuery.cookie('cc_cookie_decline') == "cc_cookie_decline") { // do nothing } else { gtag('consent', 'update', { 'analytics_storage': 'granted' }); } </script>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-W2MLL4P');</script>  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <title>Ligand families | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY</title> <meta name="description" content="The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. Ligand families. Detailed annotation on the structure, function, physiology, pharmacology and clinical relevance of drug targets."/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/iuphar.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/grac.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="superfish/css/superfish.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/cookiecuttr.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/text.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/960.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/graceq.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/jquery-ui.min.css"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="images/GTP_favicon_lg.ico"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/common.js"> </script> <script src="js/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="js/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script src="js/autocomplete.categories.js"></script> <script src="js/toggleLayer.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/mktree.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/mktree.css" type="text/css"> <script type="text/javascript"> // This script is required to make the page open at the top, otherwise expanding the tree to a particular node makes it open at the bottom. // $(document).ready(function(){ // $(this).scrollTop(0); // }); </script> <script src="superfish/js/hoverIntent.js"></script> <script src="superfish/js/superfish.js"></script> <script src="superfish/js/supersubs.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $("ul.sf-menu").supersubs({ minWidth: 12, // minimum width of sub-menus in em units maxWidth: 27, // maximum width of sub-menus in em units extraWidth: 1 // extra width can ensure lines don't sometimes turn over // due to slight rounding differences and font-family }).superfish(); // call supersubs first, then superfish, so that subs are // not display:none when measuring. Call before initialising // containing tabs for same reason. }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/hideEmptyCols.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.tablesorter.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/tablesorterChildRow.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/tablesorterCustomParser.js"></script> <script src="js/highcharts.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="js/modules/exporting.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="js/modules/accessibility.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="js/histogram-bellcurve.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script src="js/modules/export-data.js"></script> </head> <body>   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W2MLL4P" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><p>Top ▲</p></a>   <div class="header"> <div id="header"> <div class="brandandsearchtest">  <div class="newsearchright"> <form class="newmainsearch" method="get" action="/GRAC/DatabaseSearchForward"> <input type="text" id="quick_search" size="14" maxlength="200" name="searchString"/> <input type="hidden" name="searchCategories" value="all"/> <input type="hidden" name="species" value="none"/> <input type="hidden" name="type" value="all"/> <input type="hidden" name="comments" value="includeComments"/> <input type="hidden" name="order" value="rank"/>  <button type="submit" aria-label="Search button"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <img alt="gtopdb_logo_and_banner_image" width="720" style="margin-top:15px;margin-bottom:15px;" src="images/gtopdb_banner_2020.png"> </div> <script> $("#quick_search").catcomplete({delay: 300, minLength: 2, source: "/GRAC/autocompleteAll.jsp", focus: function( event, ui ) { // $( "#ligand_text" ).val( ui.item.label ); // do nothing on mouse over return false; }, select: function( event, ui ) { //window.open(ui.item.value); self.location.href = ui.item.value; return false; } }); </script> </div>   <div class="mainnavcont"> <div class="mainnavtext"> <ul id="sample-menu-1" class="sf-menu"> <li class="current"> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about.jsp">About</a> <ul> <li><a href="/about.jsp">About The Guide to PHARMACOLOGY</a></li> <li><a href="/nciuphar.jsp">About NC-IUPHAR</a></li> <li><a href="/databaseContent.jsp">Database Content</a></li> <li><a href="/GRAC/ContributorListForward">Contributors</a></li> <li><a href="/sponsors.jsp">Sponsors</a></li> <li><a href="/citing.jsp">Citing</a></li> <li><a href="/linking.jsp">Linking to us</a></li>  <li><a href="/disclaimer.jsp">Disclaimer</a></li> <li><a href="/privacyPolicy.jsp">Privacy and Cookie Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/targets.jsp">Targets </a> <ul> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=GPCR">GPCRs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=IC">Ion channels</a> <ul> <li><a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=IC">LGICs</a></li> <li><a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=IC">VGICs</a></li> <li><a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=IC">Other channels</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=NHR">Nuclear receptors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=698&familyType=ENZYME">Kinases</a> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=CATALYTICRECEPTOR">Catalytic receptors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=TRANSPORTER">Transporters</a> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=ENZYME">Enzymes</a> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=OTHER">Other protein targets</a> </li> <li><a href="/GRAC/searchPage.jsp">Target search</a> <ul> <li><a href="/GRAC/searchPage.jsp">Target search tools</a></li> <li><a href="/blast">BLAST</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/LigandListForward?type=Approved">Ligands</a> <ul> <li><a href="/GRAC/LigandListForward?type=Approved">Ligand list</a></li> <li><a href="/GRAC/LigandFamiliesForward">Ligand families</a></li> <li><a href="/GRAC/chemSearch.jsp">Ligand search</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/DiseaseListForward">Diseases</a> </li> <li> <a href="/helpPage.jsp">Resources</a> <ul> <li><a href="/helpPage.jsp">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/GuidetoPHARMACOLOGY_Tutorial.pdf" target="_blank" onClick="recordEvent(this, 'Other files', 'View PDF', 'Tutorial');return false;">Tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/faq.jsp">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="/pdfs/termsAndSymbols.pdf" target="_blank" onClick="recordEvent(this, 'Other files', 'View PDF', 'Terms and Symbols');return false;">Terms and symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/nomenclature.jsp">Nomenclature guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/nciupharPublications.jsp">Publications</a></li> <li><a href="/download.jsp">Downloads</a> <ul> <li><a href="/download.jsp">Download data and reports</a></li> <li><a href="/webServices.jsp">Web services</a></li> <li><a href="/slides.jsp">Slides and posters</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/news.jsp">News</a> <ul> <li><a href="/immuno/immuphar2018.jsp">Immunopharmacology Meeting 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/news.jsp">Latest news</a></li> <li><a href="/GRAC/HotTopicsForward">Hot topics</a></li> <li><a href="/latestPairings.jsp">Latest pairings</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14765381/2023/180/S2" target="_blank" onClick="recordEvent(this, 'BJP links', 'https://bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/toc/14765381/2023/180/S2', 'CGTP table of contents');return false;">Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY</a></li> <li><a href="/links.jsp">Useful links</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/searchPage.jsp">Advanced search</a> <ul> <li><a href="/GRAC/searchPage.jsp">Target search</a> <ul> <li><a href="/GRAC/searchPage.jsp">Target search tools</a></li> <li><a href="/blast">BLAST</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/GRAC/chemSearch.jsp">Ligand search</a></li> <li><a href="/GRAC/pharmacologySearch.jsp">Pharmacology search</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="immuno_portal"> <a href="/immuno/index.jsp" onClick="recordEvent(this, 'index', 'Menu Link to GtoImmuPdb', 'Link to GtoImmuPdb');return false;">Immuno Portal</a> </li> <li class="gtmp_portal"> <a href="/malaria/index.jsp" onClick="recordEvent(this, 'index', 'Menu Link to GtoMPdb', 'Link to GtoMPdb');return false;">Malaria Portal</a> </li>  </ul> </div> <div id="dropbar" class="navbar"> <a href="/"> <i class="fa fa-home fa-sm"></i> Home</a> <a href="/about.jsp">About</a> <a href="/helpPage.jsp">Help</a> <div class="navbar-search-container"> <form method="get" action="/GRAC/DatabaseSearchForward" class="search_box_dropbar"> <input type="text" title="Quick Search Box" id="quick_search_dropnav" size="14" maxlength="200" name="searchString" placeholder="Search GtoPdb..."/> <input type="hidden" name="searchCategories" value="all"/> <input type="hidden" name="species" value="none"/> <input type="hidden" name="type" value="all"/> <input type="hidden" name="comments" value="includeComments"/> <input type="hidden" name="order" value="rank"/> <button type="submit" aria-label="Search button"><i class="fa fa-search"></i></button> </form> <script> $("#quick_search_dropnav").catcomplete({delay: 300, minLength: 2, source: "/GRAC/autocompleteAll.jsp", focus: function( event, ui ) { // $( "#ligand_text" ).val( ui.item.label ); // do nothing on mouse over return false; }, select: function( event, ui ) { //window.open(ui.item.value); self.location.href = ui.item.value; return false; } }); </script> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="container_16">  <div class="breadcrumbscont"> <ul class="crumbtext"> <li><a href="/index.jsp">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/GRAC/LigandListForward">Ligands</a></li> <li>Ligand families</li> </ul> </div>   <div class="grid_12">    <div class="grid_16 alpha"> <a name="top"></a> <h4>Ligand families and groups</h4> <div class="contentboxfullhelp"> <div class="textright"> <p></p> <div style="text-align:right;"> <button class="button_gtoimmupdb_off" onClick='window.location.href="http://www.guidetoimmunopharmacology.org/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=LIGAND&CGTP=false"; return false;'>GtoImmuPdb View OFF</button> <button onClick="expandTree('family_tree');return false;">Expand all nodes</button> <button onClick="collapseTree('family_tree'); return false;">Collapse all nodes</button> </div> <ul class="mktree" id ="family_tree"><li class="liOpen" ID="node951"><span class="tree_root_node">Ligand families</span><ul style="margin-bottom:0px;"><li class="liOpen" ID="node959"><a id="link959" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=959">Activin and Inhibin</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node999"><a id="link999" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=999">Antimalarial ligands</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node1072"><a id="link1072" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=1072">Benzodiazepine class drugs</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node960"><a id="link960" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=960">Bone morphogenetic proteins</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node955"><a id="link955" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=955">CD molecules (ligands)</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node950"><a id="link950" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=950">Chemokines</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node956"><a id="link956" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=956">Complement components and ligands</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node961"><a id="link961" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=961">Ephrins</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node968"><a id="link968" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=968">Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family ligands</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node992"><a id="link992" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=992">Galectins</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node962"><a id="link962" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=962">Glycoprotein hormones</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node969"><a id="link969" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=969">Immune checkpoint modulators</a><span class="cgtp"> C</span></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node957"><a id="link957" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=957">Interferons</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node952"><a id="link952" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=952">Interleukins</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node965"><a id="link965" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=965">Neuropeptides</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node1002"><a id="link1002" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=1002">Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ligands</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node1030"><a id="link1030" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=1030">PROTACs, molecular glues and other degraders</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node958"><a id="link958" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=958">Tumor necrosis factor superfamily ligands</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node963"><a id="link963" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=963">Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family ligands</a></li><li class="liOpen" ID="node964"><a id="link964" href="FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=964">Wnt family ligands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </div> </div>  </div>   <script> // Popup Window var scrollTop = ''; var newHeight = '100'; /* $(window).bind('scroll', function() { scrollTop = $( window ).scrollTop(); newHeight = scrollTop + 100; }); */ $('.popup-trigger').click(function(e) { e.stopPropagation(); if(jQuery(window).width() < 767) { $(this).after( $(this).nextAll('.popup:first') ); $(this).nextAll('.popup:first').show().addClass('popup-mobile').css('top', 0); $('html, body').animate({ scrollTop: $(this).nextAll('.popup:first').offset().top }, 500); } else { $('.popup').hide(); $(this).nextAll('.popup:first').removeClass('popup-mobile').css('top', newHeight).toggle(); }; }); $('html').click(function() { $('.popup').hide(); }); $('.popup-btn-close').click(function(e){ $(this).parent().hide(); }); $('.popup').click(function(e){ e.stopPropagation(); }); </script>    <div id="myModal" class="modal">  <span class="close" onclick="document.getElementById('myModal').style.display='none'">close</span>  <img class="modal-content" id="img01">  <div id="caption"></div> </div> <script> // Get the modal var modal = document.getElementById('myModal'); // Get the image and insert it inside the modal - use its "alt" text as a caption var img = document.getElementById('myImg'); var modalImg = document.getElementById("img01"); var captionText = document.getElementById("caption"); img.onclick = function(){ modal.style.display = "block"; modalImg.src = this.src; //modalImg.alt = this.alt; captionText.innerHTML = this.alt; }; // Get the <span> element that closes the modal var span = document.getElementsByClassName("close")[0]; // When the user clicks on <span> (x), close the modal span.onclick = function() { modal.style.display = "none"; }; </script>  <script> var nodeOpenClass = "liOpen"; // needed to make the tree open to a particular node on page load if($('#node0').length){ // method using JQuery to check existence of an element in the page expandToItem('family_tree','node0'); // mktree method for expanding to the item in the tree, note code modified to also open next level of subnodes location.href = "#"; // needed for Chrome bug workaround location.href = "#node0"; // move to the item's location on the page $('#node0').effect( "highlight", {color:"#FDFF47"}, 5000 ); // method using JQuery UI to highlight an element in the page } </script>  <script>$(window).scroll(function() { if ($(this).scrollTop() >= 50) { // If page is scrolled more than 50px $('#return-to-top').fadeIn(200); // Fade in the arrow } else { $('#return-to-top').fadeOut(200); // Else fade out the arrow } }); $('#return-to-top').click(function() { // When arrow is clicked $('body,html').animate({ scrollTop : 0 // Scroll to top of body }, 500); }); </script> <script> // When the user scrolls down 20px from the top of the document, slide down the navbar window.onscroll = function() {scrollFunction()}; function scrollFunction() { if (document.body.scrollTop > 150 || document.documentElement.scrollTop > 150) { document.getElementById("dropbar").style.top = "0"; } else { document.getElementById("dropbar").style.top = "-66px"; } } </script>  <div class="clear"></div> <div id="footer"> <div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; width:250px; float:left; display:inline;"> <p style="text-align:left;margin: 5px 0px 0px 10px;"><a href="/revealEmail.jsp" onclick="window.open('/revealEmail.jsp', '', 'toolbar=0,scrollbars=0,location=0,statusbar=0,menubar=0,resizable=0,width=550,height=300'); return false;" title="Reveal this e-mail address">Contact us</a></p> <p style="text-align:left;margin: 5px 0px 5px 10px;"> <span class="invisible_link"><a href="https://twitter.com/#!/GuidetoPHARM" target="_blank" title="Follow us on Twitter"><img class="logo" style="vertical-align:middle;" src="/images/twitter.png" alt="Link to Guide to Pharmacology on Twitter"/></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Guide-to-PHARMACOLOGY/231393780304076" target="_blank" title="Like us on Facebook"><img class="logo" style="vertical-align:middle;margin-left:5px;" src="/images/facebook.png" alt="Link to Guide to Pharmacology on Facebook"/></a><a href="http://www.linkedin.com/company/guide-to-pharmacology" target="_blank" title="Follow us on LinkedIn"><img class="logo" style="vertical-align:middle;margin-left:5px;" src="/images/LinkedIn.png" alt="Link to Guide to Pharmacology on LinkedIn"/></a><a href="http://blog.guidetopharmacology.org/" target="_blank" title="Visit our blog"><img class="logo" style="vertical-align:middle;margin-left:5px;" src="/images/wpmini-blue.png" alt="Wordpress Logo link to Guide to Pharmacology blog"/></a><a href="http://www.slideshare.net/GuidetoPHARM" target="_blank" title="View slide sets and posters on SlideShare"><img class="logo" style="vertical-align:middle;margin-left:5px;" src="/images/slideshare_no_name.png" alt="Link to Guide to Pharmacology on Slideshare"/></a></span></p> <p style="text-align:left;margin: 8px 0px 0px 10px;"><small><a href="/privacyPolicy.jsp">Privacy and Cookie Policy</a></small></p> </div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; display:table-cell; float:left; display:inline;"> <p style="margin: 10px 30px 0px 0px;"><a href="https://globalbiodata.org/what-we-do/global-core-biodata-resources/" target="_blank" title="GCBR Global Core Biodata Resource"><img class="logo" style="vertical-align:middle; width:140px;" src="/images/GCBR-Logo.jpg" alt="Link to GCBR"/></a></p> </div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; display:table-cell; float:left; display:inline;"> <p style="margin: 5px 10px 0px 10px;"><a href="https://elixiruknode.org/" target="_blank" title="Elixir UK Resource"><img class="logo" style="vertical-align:middle; width:70px;" src="/images/ELIXIR-UK_Logo.png" alt="Link to Elixir-UK"/></a></p> </div> <div style="vertical-align:middle; display:table-cell; float:right; display:inline; width:340px;"> <p style="text-align:right; margin: 5px 10px 0px 0px; font-weight:bold; font-size:12pt;"><a href="/sponsors.jsp">Sponsors list</a></p> <p style="text-align:right; margin: 5px 10px 0px 0px; "><a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons Licence" style="border-width:0; float: left;" src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><small>This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a></small></p> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Ligand families | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY