Targets | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY

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G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), voltage- and ligand-gated ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes, transporters and other protein targets."/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/iuphar.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/grac.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="superfish/css/superfish.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/cookiecuttr.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/text.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/960.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/graceq.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/jquery-ui.min.css"/> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="images/GTP_favicon_lg.ico"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/common.js"></script>  <script src="js/autocomplete.categories.js"></script> <script src="superfish/js/hoverIntent.js"></script> <script src="superfish/js/superfish.js"></script> <script src="superfish/js/supersubs.js"></script> <script> $(document).ready(function(){ $("ul.sf-menu").supersubs({ minWidth: 12, // minimum width of sub-menus in em units maxWidth: 27, // maximum width of sub-menus in em units extraWidth: 1 // extra width can ensure lines don't sometimes turn over // due to slight rounding differences and font-family }).superfish(); // call supersubs first, then superfish, so that subs are // not display:none when measuring. 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href="/about.jsp">About The Guide to PHARMACOLOGY</a></li> <li><a href="/nciuphar.jsp">About NC-IUPHAR</a></li> <li><a href="/databaseContent.jsp">Database Content</a></li> <li><a href="/GRAC/ContributorListForward">Contributors</a></li> <li><a href="/sponsors.jsp">Sponsors</a></li> <li><a href="/citing.jsp">Citing</a></li> <li><a href="/linking.jsp">Linking to us</a></li>  <li><a href="/disclaimer.jsp">Disclaimer</a></li> <li><a href="/privacyPolicy.jsp">Privacy and Cookie Policy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/targets.jsp">Targets </a> <ul> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=GPCR">GPCRs</a> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=IC">Ion channels</a> <ul> <li><a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=IC">LGICs</a></li> <li><a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=IC">VGICs</a></li> <li><a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=IC">Other channels</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=NHR">Nuclear receptors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=698&familyType=ENZYME">Kinases</a> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=CATALYTICRECEPTOR">Catalytic receptors</a> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=TRANSPORTER">Transporters</a> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=ENZYME">Enzymes</a> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=OTHER">Other protein targets</a> </li> <li><a href="/GRAC/searchPage.jsp">Target search</a> <ul> <li><a href="/GRAC/searchPage.jsp">Target search tools</a></li> <li><a href="/blast">BLAST</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/LigandListForward?type=Approved">Ligands</a> <ul> <li><a href="/GRAC/LigandListForward?type=Approved">Ligand list</a></li> <li><a href="/GRAC/LigandFamiliesForward">Ligand families</a></li> <li><a href="/GRAC/chemSearch.jsp">Ligand search</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/GRAC/DiseaseListForward">Diseases</a> </li> <li> <a 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Portal</a> </li> <li class="gtmp_portal"> <a href="/malaria/index.jsp" onClick="recordEvent(this, 'index', 'Menu Link to GtoMPdb', 'Link to GtoMPdb');return false;">Malaria Portal</a> </li>  </ul> </div> </div>   <div class="breadcrumbscont"> <ul class="crumbtext"> <li><a href="/index.jsp">Home</a></li> <li>Targets</li> </ul> </div>   <div class="grid_12"> <div class="grid_6 alpha"> <div class="backandborder row1"> <h4> G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)</h4> <div class="contentbox"> <div class="imageleft"> <img src="images_dev27082012/GPCR_small.jpg" width="78" height="67" alt="Small GPCR image"/></div> <div class="textright"> <ul class="arrowlist"> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Browse GPCR families and access overviews, key references and selective ligands </li> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Follow the links for longer introductions and for detailed annotation on pharmacology, function, structure, physiology and clinical relevance of each receptor </li> <li><a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=GPCR" > View the list of GPCR families <img border="none" src="images_dev27082012/go.jpg" alt="go icon to follow link"> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="grid_6 omega"> <div class="backandborder row1"> <h4>Ion channels</h4> <div class="contentbox"> <div class="imageleft"> <img src="images_dev27082012/LGIC_small.jpg" width="78" height="67" alt="Small Ion Channel Image"/> </div> <p style="margin-left:85px;margin-bottom: 5px;">Including:</p> <div class="textright"> <ul style="margin-bottom: 2px;margin-top: 0px;"> <li>Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs)</li> <li>Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs)</li> <li>Other ion channels</li> </ul> <ul class="arrowlist"> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Browse ion channel families and access overviews, key references and selective ligands </li> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Follow the links for longer introductions and for detailed annotation on pharmacology, function, structure, physiology and clinical relevance of each channel or subunit </li> <li><a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=IC"> View the list of ion channel families <img border="none" src="images_dev27082012/go.jpg" alt="go icon to follow link"> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="grid_6 alpha"> <div class="backandborder row2"> <h4>Nuclear hormone receptors (NHRs)</h4> <div class="contentbox"> <div class="imageleft"> <img src="images_dev27082012/NHR_small.jpg" width="78" height="67" alt="Small NHR image"/> </div> <div class="textright"> <ul class="arrowlist"> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Browse NHR families and access overviews, key references and selective ligands </li> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Follow the links for detailed annotation on pharmacology, function, structure, physiology and clinical relevance of each receptor </li> <li><a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=NHR"> View the list of NHR families <img border="none" src="images_dev27082012/go.jpg" alt="go icon to follow link"> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="grid_6 omega"> <div class="backandborder row2"> <h4>Kinases</h4> <div class="contentbox"> <div class="imageleft"> <img src="images/kinase_small.png" width="78" height="67" alt="Small kinases image"/> </div> <div class="textright"> <ul class="arrowlist"> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Browse kinase subfamilies and access large-scale inhibitor screening data.</li> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Access detailed clinical information for approved drug kinase inhibitors.</li> <li><a href="/GRAC/FamilyDisplayForward?familyId=698&familyType=ENZYME"> View the list of kinase families <img border="none" src="images_dev27082012/go.jpg" alt="go icon to follow link"> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="grid_6 alpha"> <div class="backandborder row3"> <h4>Catalytic receptors</h4> <div class="contentbox"> <div class="imageleft"> <img src="images_dev27082012/catalytic_receptor_small.png" width="78" height="67" alt="small catalytic receptors image"/> </div> <div class="textright"> <ul class="arrowlist"> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Browse catalytic receptor families and access overviews, key references and selective ligands </li> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Additional data are provided for selected receptor kinases</li> <li><a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=CATALYTICRECEPTOR"> View the list of catalytic receptor families <img border="none" src="images_dev27082012/go.jpg" alt="go icon to follow link"> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="grid_6 omega"> <div class="backandborder row3"> <h4>Transporters</h4> <div class="contentbox"> <div class="imageleft"> <img src="images_dev27082012/transporter_small.png" width="78" height="67" alt="Small transporters image"/> </div> <div class="textright"> <ul class="arrowlist"> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Browse transporter families and access overviews, key references and selective ligands </li> <li><a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=TRANSPORTER"> View the list of transporter families <img border="none" src="images_dev27082012/go.jpg" alt="go icon to follow link"> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="grid_6 alpha"> <div class="backandborder row4"> <h4>Enzymes</h4> <div class="contentbox"> <div class="imageleft"> <img src="images_dev27082012/enzyme_small.png" width="78" height="67" alt="Small enzymes image"/> </div> <div class="textright"> <ul class="arrowlist"> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Browse a subset of enzymes with pharmacological relevance and access overviews, key references and selective ligands </li> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Additional data are provided for protein kinases</li> <li><a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=ENZYME"> View the list of enzyme families <img border="none" src="images_dev27082012/go.jpg" alt="go icon to follow link"> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="grid_6 omega"> <div class="backandborder row4"> <h4>Other protein targets</h4> <div class="contentbox"> <div class="imageleft"> <img src="images/other_protein_small.png" width="78" height="67" alt="Small other proteins images"/> </div> <div class="textright"> <ul class="arrowlist"> <li style="margin-bottom: 5px;"> Browse other types of protein targets with pharmacological relevance and access overviews, key references and selective ligands </li> <li><a href="/GRAC/ReceptorFamiliesForward?type=OTHER"> View the list of other protein target families <img border="none" src="images_dev27082012/go.jpg" alt="go icon to follow link"> </a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div>   <div class="grid_4 omega"> <div class="backandborder"> <h4>Immuno-relevant targets</h4> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:5px;"> <a href="/immuno/index.jsp"><img src="images/immuno/gtoimmupdb_square_logo_wrap_text.jpg" alt="IUPHAR Guide to Immunopharmacology"/></a></p> <p style="margin-bottom:5px;">A Wellcome Trust-funded extension to GtoPdb, aiming to improve data exchange between immunology and pharmacology.</p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="immuno/index.jsp">Visit the portal <img src="images_dev27082012/go.jpg" alt="go icon to follow link"></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="grid_4 omega"> <div class="backandborder"> <h4>Malaria-relevant targets</h4> <p style="text-align:center;margin-bottom:5px;"> <a href="/malaria/index.jsp"><img src="images/malaria/gtmp_square_logo.jpg" alt="IUPHAR/MMV Guide to Malaria Pharmacology Logo" height="135"/></a></p> <p style="margin-bottom:5px;">A MMV-supported extension to GtoPdb: Optimised access for the malaria research community</p> <p style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="malaria/index.jsp">Visit the portal <img src="images_dev27082012/go.jpg" alt="go icon to follow link"></a></p> </div> </div> <div class="grid_4 omega"> <div class="backandborder"> <h4>The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22</h4> <div 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Targets | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY