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[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>丿禺賵賱</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="丕賱賲夭賷丿賲賳丕賱禺賷丕乇丕鬲" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="兀丿賵丕鬲卮禺氐賷丞" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀丿賵丕鬲卮禺氐賷丞</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="賯丕卅賲丞丕賱賲爻鬲禺丿賲" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ar.wikipedia.org&uselang=ar"><span>鬲亘乇毓</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%3A%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82+%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="賳卮噩毓賰毓賱賶毓賲賱丨爻丕亘賵鬲爻噩賷賱丿禺賵賱賰貨賱賰賳賴睾賷乇囟乇賵乇賷毓賱賶丕賷丨丕賱"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>廿賳卮丕亍丨爻丕亘</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85&returnto=%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%3A%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8+%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82+%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="賷賮囟賱兀賳鬲爻噩賱丕賱丿禺賵賱貙賱賰賳賴賱賷爻廿賱夭丕賲賷丕. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>丿禺賵賱</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 氐賮丨丕鬲賱賱賲丨乇乇賷賳丕賱匕賷賳爻噩賻賾賱賵丕禺乇賵噩賴賲 <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9" aria-label="鬲毓賱賻賾賲丕賱賲夭賷丿亘禺氐賵氐丕賱鬲丨乇賷乇"><span>鬲毓賱賻賾賲丕賱賲夭賷丿</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="賯丕卅賲丞亘鬲毓丿賷賱丕鬲賯丕賲亘賴丕毓賳賵丕賳丕賱丌賷亘賷 [y]" accesskey="y"><span>賲爻丕賴賲丕鬲</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%8A" title="賳賯丕卮丨賵賱丕賱鬲毓丿賷賱丕鬲賲賳毓賳賵丕賳丕賱兀賷亘賷賴匕丕 [n]" accesskey="n"><span>賳賯丕卮</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> 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class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">賳賯丕卮丕賱鬲氐賳賷賮</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">噩睾乇丕賮賷丕噩賳賵亘卮乇賯兀賵乇賵亘丕</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang mw-portlet-lang-icon-only" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector-empty" aria-label="賴匕賴丕賱賲賯丕賱丞鬲鬲賵丕噩丿賮賯胤賮賷賴匕賴丕賱賱睾丞. 兀囟賮賴丕廿賱賶丕賱賱睾丕鬲丕賱兀禺乇賶." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-portlet-lang-heading-empty" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">兀囟賮賱睾丕鬲</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="mw-portlet-empty-language-selector-body"> 賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲丕賱氐賮丨丞睾賷乇賲丿毓賵賲丞亘賱睾丕鬲兀禺乇賶. </div> </div> </div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7&action=edit&section=new" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection" data-event-name="addsection-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>兀囟賮賲賵囟賵毓賸丕</span> </a> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="賳胤丕賯丕鬲"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies+.talkheader-policies{border-left:1px solid #c0c090}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts{flex:0 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help>*,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies>*,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-shortcuts>*{flex:1 1 auto}.mw-parser-output .talkheader-help ul,.mw-parser-output .talkheader-policies ul{margin:0.1em 1.6em 0 0.8em;text-align:right}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .talkheader{min-width:80%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .talkheader-help{background-color:#101418}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .talkheader-help{background-color:#101418}}</style><table role="presentation" class="tmbox tmbox-notice talkheader plainlinks" id="talkheader" style="border-collapse: separate;"><tbody><tr> <td style="border-bottom: 2px solid #c0c090; font-weight: bold;">賴匕賴 <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A5%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:廿乇卮丕丿丕鬲氐賮丨丞丕賱賳賯丕卮">氐賮丨丞丕賱賳賯丕卮</a> 丕賱賲禺氐氐丞賱賱鬲丨丕賵乇亘禺氐賵氐丕賱鬲丨爻賷賳丕鬲毓賱賶鬲氐賳賷賮 <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="鬲氐賳賷賮:噩睾乇丕賮賷丕噩賳賵亘卮乇賯兀賵乇賵亘丕">噩睾乇丕賮賷丕噩賳賵亘卮乇賯兀賵乇賵亘丕</a>.<br/></td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div class="talkheader-body"> <div class="talkheader-help"> <ul><li>囟毓丕賱賳氐丕賱噩丿賷丿兀爻賮賱丕賱賳氐丕賱賯丿賷賲. <strong><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%82%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="禺丕氐:賯爻賲噩丿賷丿/賳賯丕卮丕賱鬲氐賳賷賮:噩睾乇丕賮賷丕噩賳賵亘卮乇賯兀賵乇賵亘丕">丕囟睾胤賴賳丕賱賱亘丿亍賲賵囟賵毓噩丿賷丿.</a></strong></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%B9" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:鬲賵賯賷毓">賵賯賽賾毓</a> 毓賳丿丕賱丕賳鬲賴丕亍賲賳賰賱賲丿丕禺賱丞亘賰鬲丕亘丞兀乇亘毓賲丿丕鬲 <i><code>~~~~</code></i></li> <li>賴賱兀賳鬲噩丿賷丿賮賷賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕責賲乇丨亘丕賸亘賰! <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:賲賯丿賲丞">鬲毓賱賲賰賷賮賷丞丕賱鬲丨乇賷乇</a>貨 <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)" title="賲爻丕毓丿丞:兀爻卅賱丞 (鬲賵囟賷丨)">丕丨氐賱毓賱賶賲爻丕毓丿丞</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="talkheader-policies"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:丕賮鬲乇囟丨爻賳丕賱賳賷丞">丕賮鬲乇囟丨爻賳丕賱賳賷丞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%A8" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:兀丿亘">賰賳賲賴匕亘丕</a>貨 <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%8A" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:賱丕賱賱賴噩賵賲丕賱卮禺氐賷">鬲噩賳亘丕賱賴噩賲丕鬲丕賱卮禺氐賷丞</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84%D9%83_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B0%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:賲賳賮囟賱賰賱丕鬲毓匕亘丕賱賯丕丿賲賷賳丕賱噩丿丿">乇丨賾亘亘丕賱賵丕賮丿賷賳丕賱噩丿丿</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68202888"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67380702">.mw-parser-output .banner-shell{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:4px}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-header{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell-inner{padding:2px 4px;background:#fff;border:1px dotted gray}.mw-parser-output .banner-shell .tmbox{margin:2px 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:right;text-align:right;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="float:right; clear:right; margin:-1em 0.1em; display:none;;padding:1px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"></table></div>丕賱鬲氐賳賷賮賲賳囟賲賳賲賵丕囟賷毓 <b><a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:賲卮乇賵毓賵賷賰賷兀賵乇賵亘丕">賲卮乇賵毓賵賷賰賷兀賵乇賵亘丕</a></b>貙賵賴賵賲卮乇賵毓賹鬲毓丕賵賳賷賹賾賷賴丿賮賱鬲胤賵賷乇賵鬲睾胤賷丞丕賱賲丨鬲賵賷丕鬲丕賱賲購鬲毓賱賾賯丞 <a href="/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="兀賵乇賵亘丕">亘兀賵乇賵亘丕</a> 賮賷賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕. 廿匕丕兀乇丿鬲丕賱賲爻丕賴賲丞貙賮囟賱賸丕夭乇氐賮丨丞丕賱賲卮乇賵毓貙丨賷孬賷購賲賰賳賰丕賱賲卮丕乇賰丞賮賷 <a href="/wiki/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="賳賯丕卮賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:賲卮乇賵毓賵賷賰賷兀賵乇賵亘丕">丕賱賳賯丕卮丕鬲</a> 賵賲胤丕賱毓丞賯丕卅賲丞亘丕賱賲賴丕賲丕賱鬲賷賷購賲賰賳丕賱毓賲賱毓賱賷賴丕.</td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr> <td class="assess assess-鬲氐賳賷賮" style="text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; font-weight:bold; background: #ffdb58;" rowspan="1"><span style="display:none;" title="氐賮丨丞鬲氐賳賷賮"><span typeof="mw:File"><a 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href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7/%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA#賲賯賷丕爻_丕賱噩賵丿丞" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:賲卮乇賵毓賵賷賰賷兀賵乇賵亘丕/丿賱賷賱丕賱鬲賯丿賷乇丕鬲">賲賯賷丕爻丕賱噩賵丿丞</a> 丕賱禺丕氐亘丕賱賲卮乇賵毓.</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0;"><table style="width:100%; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image" style="padding:2px 0 0 0; min-width:80px;"> <span style="display:none;">聽</span></td><td></td><td></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td> </tr></tbody></table> <table class="tmbox tmbox-notice collapsible innercollapse wpb" style="height:0;"> <tbody><tr class="wpb-header"> <td style="text-align:left; padding:0.3em 1em 0.3em 0.3em; width:50%; font-weight:bold;"> <a 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href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7/%D8%AF%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA#賲賯賷丕爻_丕賱噩賵丿丞" title="賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕:賲卮乇賵毓賵賷賰賷噩睾乇丕賮賷丕/丿賱賷賱丕賱鬲賯丿賷乇丕鬲">賲賯賷丕爻丕賱噩賵丿丞</a> 丕賱禺丕氐亘丕賱賲卮乇賵毓.</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="3" style="padding:0;"><table style="width:100%; background:transparent;"> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image" style="padding:2px 0 0 0; min-width:80px;"> <span style="display:none;">聽</span></td><td></td><td></td> </tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table>    <div class="ext-discussiontools-emptystate"><div class="ext-discussiontools-emptystate-text"><h3>丕賱亘丿亍賮賷賳賯丕卮丨賵賱鬲氐賳賷賮:噩睾乇丕賮賷丕噩賳賵亘卮乇賯兀賵乇賵亘丕</h3><div class="plainlinks"><p><a 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賳賯丕卮 丕賱鬲氐賳賷賮:噩睾乇丕賮賷丕 噩賳賵亘 卮乇賯 兀賵乇賵亘丕 - 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕

賳賯丕卮丕賱鬲氐賳賷賮:噩睾乇丕賮賷丕噩賳賵亘卮乇賯兀賵乇賵亘丕 - 賵賷賰賷亘賷丿賷丕