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Although FEV 1 remains the most important physiologic indicator of the severity of airflow obstruction in COPD, its predictive value for mortality is weak when it is higher than 50% of predicted. Furthermore, other easily obtainable clinical variables predict mortality better than the FEV 1 in COPD patients with a wide range of airflow limitation. Chief among these predictors are functional dyspnea, exercise capacity, and the body mass index (BMI), although emerging research suggests a potential role for biomarker profiles in outcome predictions. The validated multidimensional BMI (B), degree of airflow obstruction as expressed by the FEV 1 (O), dyspnea with the modified medical research council (D), and exercise (E) measured with the 6 min walk or BODE index encompasses the predictive validity of the best of these variables into a single surrogate measure of disease severity and survival. This article reviews these predictors of mortality in COPD.","publication_date":"2010,,","publication_name":"Respiratory Medicine","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"118775506"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Predictors of mortality in COPD","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [276865887]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div 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class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Predictors of mortality in COPD</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="276865887" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CelliBartolome"><img alt="Profile image of Bartolome Celli" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/276865887/125913061/115283393/s65_bartolome.celli.jpeg" />Bartolome Celli</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2010, Respiratory Medicine</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":118775506,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/124575628/Predictors_of_mortality_in_COPD"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button 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data-entity-id="85226094" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85226094/Predictors_of_Survival_in_COPD_More_than_Just_the_FEV1">Predictors of Survival in COPD: More than Just the FEV1</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4430253" href="https://utah.academia.edu/PmMeek">Paula Meek</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Respiratory Medicine, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Predictors of Survival in COPD: More than Just the FEV1","attachmentId":89989551,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85226094/Predictors_of_Survival_in_COPD_More_than_Just_the_FEV1","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85226094/Predictors_of_Survival_in_COPD_More_than_Just_the_FEV1"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="124575636" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/124575636/Contributions_of_the_Body_Mass_Index_Obstruction_Dyspnea_and_Exercise_Capacity_or_BODE_index_to_Chronic_Obstructive_Pulmonary_Disease">Contributions of the Body Mass Index, Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise Capacity or BODE index to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="276865887" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CelliBartolome">Bartolome Celli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Barcelona Respiratory Network, 2015</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Contributions of the Body Mass Index, Obstruction, Dyspnea and Exercise Capacity or BODE index to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","attachmentId":118775507,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124575636/Contributions_of_the_Body_Mass_Index_Obstruction_Dyspnea_and_Exercise_Capacity_or_BODE_index_to_Chronic_Obstructive_Pulmonary_Disease","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124575636/Contributions_of_the_Body_Mass_Index_Obstruction_Dyspnea_and_Exercise_Capacity_or_BODE_index_to_Chronic_Obstructive_Pulmonary_Disease"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="78400494" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78400494/Body_mass_index_airflow_obstruction_and_dyspnea_and_body_mass_index_airflow_obstruction_dyspnea_scores_age_and_pack_years_predictive_properties_of_new_multidimensional_prognostic_indices_of_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_in_primary_care">Body mass index, airflow obstruction and dyspnea and body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea scores, age and pack years-predictive properties of new multidimensional prognostic indices of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="136570857" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndreaKay5">Andrea Kay</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Annals of thoracic medicine</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The assessment of the severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should involve a multidimensional approach that is now clearly shown to be better than using spirometric impairment alone. The aim of this study is to validate and compare novel tools without an exercise test and to extend prognostic value to patients with less severe impairment of Forced expiratory volume 1 s. A prospective, observational, primary care cohort study identified 458 eligible patients recruited from the primary care clinics in the northeast of England in 1999-2002. A new prognostic indicator - body mass index, airflow obstruction and dyspnea (BOD) together with the conventional prognostic indices age, dyspnea and airflow obstruction (ADO), global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) and new GOLD matrix were studied. We also sought to improve prognostication of BOD by adding age (A) and smoking history as pack years (S) to validate BODS (BOD with smoking history) and BODAS (...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Body mass index, airflow obstruction and dyspnea and body mass index, airflow obstruction, dyspnea scores, age and pack years-predictive properties of new multidimensional prognostic indices of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care","attachmentId":85461435,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78400494/Body_mass_index_airflow_obstruction_and_dyspnea_and_body_mass_index_airflow_obstruction_dyspnea_scores_age_and_pack_years_predictive_properties_of_new_multidimensional_prognostic_indices_of_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_in_primary_care","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78400494/Body_mass_index_airflow_obstruction_and_dyspnea_and_body_mass_index_airflow_obstruction_dyspnea_scores_age_and_pack_years_predictive_properties_of_new_multidimensional_prognostic_indices_of_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease_in_primary_care"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="56271497" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56271497/Higher_BMI_is_associated_with_higher_expiratory_airflow_normalised_for_lung_volume_FEF25_75_FVC_in_COPD">Higher BMI is associated with higher expiratory airflow normalised for lung volume (FEF25-75/FVC) in COPD</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="32402888" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertWise5">Robert Wise</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">BMJ open respiratory research, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The obesity paradox in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), whereby patients with higher body mass index (BMI) fare better, is poorly understood. Higher BMIs are associated with lower lung volumes and greater lung elastic recoil, a key determinant of expiratory airflow. The forced expiratory flow (25-75) (FEF25-75)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio reflects effort-independent expiratory airflow in the context of lung volume and could be modulated by BMI. We analysed data from the COPDGene study, an observational study of 10 192 subjects, with at least a 10 pack-year smoking history. Data were limited to subjects with BMI 20-40 kg/m2 (n=9222). Subjects were stratified according to forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (%predicted)-quintiles. In regression analyses and Cox proportional hazard models, we analysed the association between BMI, the FEF25-75/FVC ratio, the imaging phenotype, COPD exacerbations, hospitalisations and death. There was no correlation between BMI and ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Higher BMI is associated with higher expiratory airflow normalised for lung volume (FEF25-75/FVC) in COPD","attachmentId":71739094,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/56271497/Higher_BMI_is_associated_with_higher_expiratory_airflow_normalised_for_lung_volume_FEF25_75_FVC_in_COPD","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/56271497/Higher_BMI_is_associated_with_higher_expiratory_airflow_normalised_for_lung_volume_FEF25_75_FVC_in_COPD"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="105847672" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/105847672/The_modified_BODE_index_validation_with_mortality_in_COPD">The modified BODE index: validation with mortality in COPD</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="276865887" href="https://independent.academia.edu/CelliBartolome">Bartolome Celli</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">European Respiratory Journal, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The modified BODE index: validation with mortality in COPD","attachmentId":105203175,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105847672/The_modified_BODE_index_validation_with_mortality_in_COPD","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105847672/The_modified_BODE_index_validation_with_mortality_in_COPD"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="78306948" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78306948/Levels_of_physical_activity_and_predictors_of_mortality_in_COPD">Levels of physical activity and predictors of mortality in COPD</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56491024" href="https://independent.academia.edu/Val%C3%A9riaDiLorenzo">Valéria Di Lorenzo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">OBJECTIVE: To compare the Body mass index, airway Obstruction, Dyspnea, andExercise capacity (BODE) index scores and its individual components between COPD patients with and without severe physical inactivity, as well as to correlate the number of steps/day with scores of physical activity questionnaires, age, and the BODE index (including its components).METHODS: We included 30 patients, who were evaluated for body composition, pulmonary function (FEV1), perception of dyspnea (modified Medical Research Council scale), and exercise capacity (six-minute walk distance [6MWD]). The patients also completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), short version, and the modified Baecke questionnaire (mBQ). The level of physical activity was assessed by the number of steps/day (as determined by pedometer), using the cut-off of 4,580 steps/day to form two groups: no severe physical inactivity (SPI−) and severe physical inactivity (SPI+). We used the Mann-Whitney test or t-...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Levels of physical activity and predictors of mortality in COPD","attachmentId":85426069,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/78306948/Levels_of_physical_activity_and_predictors_of_mortality_in_COPD","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/78306948/Levels_of_physical_activity_and_predictors_of_mortality_in_COPD"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="67262470" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67262470/An_Integrated_Index_Combined_by_Dynamic_Hyperinflation_and_Exercise_Capacity_in_the_Prediction_of_Morbidity_and_Mortality_in_COPD">An Integrated Index Combined by Dynamic Hyperinflation and Exercise Capacity in the Prediction of Morbidity and Mortality in COPD</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33375223" href="https://mersin.academia.edu/BaharTa%C5%9Fdelen">Bahar Taşdelen</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Respiratory Care, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" 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