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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics_and_religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics and religion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics_and_religion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics and religion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics_and_religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ancient_Greek_mythology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancient_Greek_mythology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Ancient Greek mythology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancient_Greek_mythology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 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class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Medieval history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ottoman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Modern history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_Thracians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_Thracians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notable Thracians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_Thracians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Thrace</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thraci%C3%AB" title="Thracië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Thracië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrakien_(Landschaft)" title="Thrakien (Landschaft) – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Thrakien (Landschaft)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%A5%E1%88%AB%E1%8A%AD%E1%8B%AB" title="ጥራክያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጥራክያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracia" title="Tracia – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Tracia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تراقيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تراقيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracia" title="Tracia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tracia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracia" title="Tracia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tracia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frakiya" title="Frakiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Frakiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تراکیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تراکیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8" title="থ্রেস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="থ্রেস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thracia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фракия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Фракия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Фракія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фракія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Тракія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тракія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Тракия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тракия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakija_(regija)" title="Trakija (regija) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Trakija (regija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Trakia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A0cia" title="Tràcia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tràcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Фраки – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фраки" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thr%C3%A1kie" title="Thrákie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thrákie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Thrace" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrakien" title="Thrakien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thrakien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrakien_(Landschaft)" title="Thrakien (Landschaft) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thrakien (Landschaft)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traakia" title="Traakia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Traakia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7" title="Θράκη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θράκη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracia" title="Tracia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tracia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakio" title="Trakio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Trakio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trazia" title="Trazia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Trazia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%87" title="تراکیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تراکیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thrace" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traasje" title="Traasje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Traasje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Tr%C3%A1icia" title="An Tráicia – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Tráicia" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracia" title="Tracia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tracia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%9D%BC%ED%82%A4%EC%95%84" title="트라키아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트라키아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Թրակիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թրակիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="त्राकया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="त्राकया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracija_(regija)" title="Tracija (regija) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tracija (regija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Trakia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Trakia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Thracia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Erak%C3%ADa" title="Þrakía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þrakía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracia" title="Tracia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tracia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%94" title="תראקיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תראקיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Trakia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%97%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="თრაკია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="თრაკია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фракия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фракия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrakia" title="Thrakia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Thrakia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakya" title="Trakya – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Trakya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фракия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Фракия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Thracia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C4%81%C4%B7ija" title="Trāķija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Trāķija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakija" title="Trakija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Trakija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thraci%C3%AB" title="Thracië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Thracië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracia" title="Tracia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tracia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracia" title="Tracia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tracia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A1kia" title="Trákia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Trákia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тракија – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тракија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traky" title="Traky – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Traky" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="त्राक्या – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="त्राक्या" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="تراقيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تراقيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrake" title="Thrake – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Thrake" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thraci%C3%AB" title="Thracië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thracië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AD%E3%82%A2" title="トラキア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="トラキア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Trakia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrakia" title="Thrakia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thrakia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A0cia" title="Tràcia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tràcia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracja" title="Tracja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tracja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B7" title="Θράκη – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Θράκη" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A1cia" title="Trácia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Trácia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakiya" title="Trakiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Trakiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracia" title="Tracia – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tracia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фракия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фракия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A0chia" title="Tràchia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tràchia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakia" title="Trakia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Trakia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracia" title="Tracia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tracia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thrace" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%A1cia_(historick%C3%A9_%C3%BAzemie)" title="Trácia (historické územie) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Trácia (historické územie)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakija" title="Trakija – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trakija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="تراکیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تراکیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Тракија – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тракија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakija" title="Trakija – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trakija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traakia" title="Traakia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Traakia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrakien" title="Thrakien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thrakien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81" title="திரேசு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திரேசு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%8B" title="เธรซ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เธรซ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakya" title="Trakya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Trakya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Фракія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фракія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="تھریس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھریس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thracia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thracia_(rehiyon)" title="Thracia (rehiyon) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Thracia (rehiyon)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="色雷斯" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="色雷斯" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trakya" title="Trakya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Trakya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%B2%E9%9B%B7%E6%96%AF" title="色雷斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="色雷斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41741#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Thrace&params=42_N_26_E_source:wikidata"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°N</span> <span class="longitude">26°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42°N 26°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42; 26</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Thrace_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Thrace (disambiguation)">Thrace (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thrace_and_present-day_state_borderlines.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Thrace_and_present-day_state_borderlines.png/220px-Thrace_and_present-day_state_borderlines.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Thrace_and_present-day_state_borderlines.png/330px-Thrace_and_present-day_state_borderlines.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Thrace_and_present-day_state_borderlines.png/440px-Thrace_and_present-day_state_borderlines.png 2x" data-file-width="593" data-file-height="710" /></a><figcaption>The modern boundaries of Thrace in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rhodopen_Balkan_topo_de.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rhodopen_Balkan_topo_de.jpg/220px-Rhodopen_Balkan_topo_de.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rhodopen_Balkan_topo_de.jpg/330px-Rhodopen_Balkan_topo_de.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Rhodopen_Balkan_topo_de.jpg/440px-Rhodopen_Balkan_topo_de.jpg 2x" data-file-width="676" data-file-height="542" /></a><figcaption>The physical–geographical boundaries of Thrace: the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Mountains" title="Balkan Mountains">Balkan Mountains</a> to the north, the <a href="/wiki/Rhodope_Mountains" title="Rhodope Mountains">Rhodope Mountains</a> (highlighted) and the <a href="/wiki/Bosporus" title="Bosporus">Bosporus</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkans_AD125.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Balkans_AD125.png/250px-Balkans_AD125.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Balkans_AD125.png/330px-Balkans_AD125.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Balkans_AD125.png/440px-Balkans_AD125.png 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="261" /></a><figcaption>The Roman province of Thrace <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 200 AD</span></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Byzantine_Macedonia_1045CE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Byzantine_Macedonia_1045CE.svg/220px-Byzantine_Macedonia_1045CE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Byzantine_Macedonia_1045CE.svg/330px-Byzantine_Macedonia_1045CE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Byzantine_Macedonia_1045CE.svg/440px-Byzantine_Macedonia_1045CE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="335" /></a><figcaption>The Byzantine thema of Thrace</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thraciae-veteris-typvs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Thraciae-veteris-typvs.jpg/220px-Thraciae-veteris-typvs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Thraciae-veteris-typvs.jpg/330px-Thraciae-veteris-typvs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Thraciae-veteris-typvs.jpg/440px-Thraciae-veteris-typvs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4452" data-file-height="3424" /></a><figcaption>Map of Ancient Thrace made by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Ortelius" title="Abraham Ortelius">Abraham Ortelius</a> in 1585, stating both the names Thrace and Europe</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Odrysian.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Odrysian.svg/250px-Odrysian.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Odrysian.svg/330px-Odrysian.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Odrysian.svg/500px-Odrysian.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1151" data-file-height="812" /></a><figcaption>Thrace and the Thracian <a href="/wiki/Odrysian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Odrysian Kingdom">Odrysian Kingdom</a> under <a href="/wiki/Sitalces" title="Sitalces">Sitalces</a> c. 431–424 BC, showing the territories of several Thracian tribes</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OdrysianKingdom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/OdrysianKingdom.jpg/250px-OdrysianKingdom.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/OdrysianKingdom.jpg/375px-OdrysianKingdom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/OdrysianKingdom.jpg/500px-OdrysianKingdom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1102" data-file-height="705" /></a><figcaption>Thrace in the <a href="/wiki/Odrysian_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Odrysian Kingdom">Odrysian Kingdom</a> showing several Thracian tribes. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sapeia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sapeia (page does not exist)">Sapeia</a> was Northern Thrace and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Asteia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asteia (page does not exist)">Asteia</a> was Southern Thrace</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Thrace</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/θ/: 'th' in 'thigh'">θ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">thrayss</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: <span lang="bg">Тракия</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Bulgarian" title="Romanization of Bulgarian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Bulgarian-language romanization"><i lang="bg-Latn">Trakiya</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Θράκη</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Greek" title="Romanization of Greek">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">Thráki</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>: <i lang="tr">Trakya</i>) is a geographical and historical region in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a> roughly corresponding to the Province of Thrace in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. Bounded by the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Mountains" title="Balkan Mountains">Balkan Mountains</a> to the north, the <a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a> to the south, and the <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> to the east, it comprises present-day southeastern Bulgaria (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Thrace" title="Northern Thrace">Northern Thrace</a>), northeastern Greece (<a href="/wiki/Western_Thrace" title="Western Thrace">Western Thrace</a>), and the European part of Turkey (<a href="/wiki/East_Thrace" title="East Thrace">East Thrace</a>). Lands also inhabited by ancient <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a> extended in the north to modern-day <a href="/wiki/Northern_Bulgaria" title="Northern Bulgaria">Northern Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and to the west into <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>Thrace</i>, from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> <i>Thrake</i> (Θρᾴκη),<sup id="cite_ref-LSJ|*qra_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSJ|*qra-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> referred originally to the <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a> (ancient Greek <i>Thrakes</i> Θρᾷκες),<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an ancient people inhabiting Southeast Europe. The name <i>Europe</i> (ancient Greek Εὐρώπη), also at first referred to this region, before that term expanded to include its <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">modern sense</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been suggested that the name <i>Thrace</i> derives from the name of the principal river of the region, the <a href="/wiki/Maritsa" title="Maritsa">Hebros</a>. The river's name may be derived from from the Indo-European <i>arg</i> "white river" (the opposite of <a href="/wiki/Vardar" title="Vardar">Vardar</a>, meaning "black river").<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to an alternative theory, Hebros means "goat" in <a href="/wiki/Thracian_language" title="Thracian language">Thracian</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sixth century geographer <a href="/wiki/Stephanus_of_Byzantium" title="Stephanus of Byzantium">Stephanus of Byzantium</a> claimed that, long before the ancient Greeks started referring to the region as <i>Thrace</i>, it was known as Aria (Αρια) and Perki (Περκη).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Turkish, Thrace is commonly referred to as <i><a href="/wiki/Rumeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumeli">Rumeli</a></i>, meaning "Land of the Romans", which was the name traditionally given by Turkic societies to the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox Christians</a>. </p><p>In Greek mythology, Thrace is named after the heroine and sorceress <a href="/wiki/Thrace_(mythology)" title="Thrace (mythology)">Thrace</a>, who was the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Oceanus" title="Oceanus">Oceanus</a> and Parthenope, and sister of <a href="/wiki/Europa_(Greek_myth)" title="Europa (Greek myth)">Europa</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Borders">Borders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Borders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The historical boundaries of Thrace have varied. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ancient_Greek_tribes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ancient Greek tribes">ancient Greeks</a> employed the term "Thrace" to refer to all of the territory which lay north of <a href="/wiki/Thessaly" title="Thessaly">Thessaly</a> inhabited by the <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a region which "had no definite boundaries" and to which other regions (like <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom)" title="Macedonia (ancient kingdom)">Macedonia</a> and even <a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a>) were added.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In one ancient Greek source, the very Earth is divided into "Asia, Libya, Europa and Thracia".<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the Greeks gained knowledge of world geography, "Thrace" came to designate the area bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> on the north, by the Euxine Sea (Black Sea) on the east, by northern Macedonia in the south, and by <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Illyria</a> to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This largely coincided with the Thracian <a href="/wiki/Odrysian_kingdom" title="Odrysian kingdom">Odrysian kingdom</a>, whose borders varied over time. After the Macedonian conquest, this region's former border with Macedonia was shifted from the <a href="/wiki/Struma_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Struma River">Struma River</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Mesta_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesta River">Mesta River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This usage lasted until the Roman conquest. Henceforth, (classical) Thrace referred only to the tract of land largely covering the same extent of space as the modern geographical region.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In its early period, the <a href="/wiki/Thracia_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thracia (Roman province)">Roman province of Thrace</a> was of this extent, but after the administrative reforms of the late 3rd century, Thracia's much reduced territory became the six small provinces which constituted the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Thrace" title="Diocese of Thrace">Diocese of Thrace</a>. The medieval <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Theme_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Theme of Thrace">theme of Thrace</a> contained only what today is <a href="/wiki/East_Thrace" title="East Thrace">East Thrace</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cities">Cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_of_Thrace" title="List of cities of Thrace">List of cities of Thrace</a></div> <p>The largest cities of Thrace are: <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%87orlu" title="Çorlu">Çorlu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tekirda%C4%9F" title="Tekirdağ">Tekirdağ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgas" title="Burgas">Burgas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edirne" title="Edirne">Edirne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stara_Zagora" title="Stara Zagora">Stara Zagora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sliven" title="Sliven">Sliven</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yambol" title="Yambol">Yambol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haskovo" title="Haskovo">Haskovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Komotini" title="Komotini">Komotini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandroupoli" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandroupoli">Alexandroupoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xanthi" title="Xanthi">Xanthi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/K%C4%B1rklareli" title="Kırklareli">Kırklareli</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics_and_religion">Demographics and religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Demographics and religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Bulgaria" title="Demographics of Bulgaria">Demographics of Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greece" title="Demographics of Greece">Demographics of Greece</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Turkey" title="Demographics of Turkey">Demographics of Turkey</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Thracian_Bulgarians" title="Thracian Bulgarians">Thracian Bulgarians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Turks of Western Thrace</a></div> <p>Most of the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian people">Bulgarian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> population are <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Orthodox Christians</a>, while most of the <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turkish</a> inhabitants of Thrace are <a href="/wiki/Sunni" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni">Sunni</a> <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_Greek_mythology">Ancient Greek mythology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ancient Greek mythology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Ancient Greek mythology</a> provides the Thracians with a mythical ancestor <a href="/wiki/Thrax_(mythology)" title="Thrax (mythology)">Thrax</a>, the son of the war-god <a href="/wiki/Ares" title="Ares">Ares</a>, who was said to reside in Thrace. The Thracians appear in <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Iliad" title="Iliad">Iliad</a></i> as <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Trojan</a> allies, led by <a href="/wiki/Acamas" title="Acamas">Acamas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peiros" title="Peiros">Peiros</a>. Later in the <i>Iliad</i>, <a href="/wiki/Rhesus_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhesus of Thrace">Rhesus</a>, another Thracian king, makes an appearance. <a href="/wiki/Cisseus" title="Cisseus">Cisseus</a>, father-in-law to the Trojan elder <a href="/wiki/Antenor" title="Antenor">Antenor</a>, is also given as a Thracian king. </p><p>Homeric Thrace was vaguely defined, and stretched from the River <a href="/wiki/Axios_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Axios River">Axios</a> in the west to the <a href="/wiki/Hellespont" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellespont">Hellespont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_Sea" title="Black Sea">Black Sea</a> in the east. The <a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Ships" title="Catalogue of Ships">Catalogue of Ships</a> mentions three separate contingents from Thrace: Thracians led by Acamas and Peiros, from <a href="/wiki/Enez" title="Enez">Aenus</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cicones" title="Cicones">Cicones</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Euphemus" title="Euphemus">Euphemus</a>, from southern Thrace, near <a href="/wiki/Ismara" class="mw-redirect" title="Ismara">Ismaros</a>; and from the city of <a href="/wiki/Sestus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sestus">Sestus</a>, on the Thracian (northern) side of the Hellespont, which formed part of the contingent led by <a href="/wiki/Asius_(mythology)" title="Asius (mythology)">Asius</a>. Ancient Thrace was home to numerous other tribes, such as the <a href="/wiki/Edoni" title="Edoni">Edones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bisaltae" title="Bisaltae">Bisaltae</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cicones" title="Cicones">Cicones</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bistonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Bistonians">Bistones</a> in addition to the tribe that Homer specifically calls the "Thracians". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a> is replete with Thracian kings, including <a href="/wiki/Mares_of_Diomedes" title="Mares of Diomedes">Diomedes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tereus" title="Tereus">Tereus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lycurgus_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycurgus of Thrace">Lycurgus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phineus" title="Phineus">Phineus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tegyrius" class="mw-redirect" title="Tegyrius">Tegyrius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eumolpus" title="Eumolpus">Eumolpus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polymnestor" class="mw-redirect" title="Polymnestor">Polymnestor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poltys" title="Poltys">Poltys</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Oeagrus" title="Oeagrus">Oeagrus</a> (father of <a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a>). </p><p>Thrace is mentioned in <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Metamorphoses" title="Metamorphoses">Metamorphoses</a></i>, in the episode of <a href="/wiki/Philomela_(princess_of_Athens)" class="mw-redirect" title="Philomela (princess of Athens)">Philomela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Procne" title="Procne">Procne</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tereus" title="Tereus">Tereus</a>: Tereus, the King of Thrace, lusts after his sister-in-law, Philomela. He kidnaps her, holds her captive, rapes her, and cuts out her tongue. Philomela manages to get free, however. She and her sister, Procne, plot to get revenge, by killing her son <a href="/wiki/Itys" title="Itys">Itys</a> (by Tereus) and serving him to his father for dinner. At the end of the myth, all three turn into birds – Procne into a <a href="/wiki/Swallow" title="Swallow">swallow</a>, Philomela into a <a href="/wiki/Nightingale" class="mw-redirect" title="Nightingale">nightingale</a>, and Tereus into a <a href="/wiki/Hoopoe" title="Hoopoe">hoopoe</a>. </p><p>The city of <a href="/wiki/Dicaea_(Thrace)" title="Dicaea (Thrace)">Dicaea</a> in Thrace was named after the son of <a href="/wiki/Poseidon" title="Poseidon">Poseidon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dicaeus_(mythology)" title="Dicaeus (mythology)">Dicaeus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Western_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Western Thrace">History of Western Thrace</a> and <a href="/wiki/History_of_East_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="History of East Thrace">History of East Thrace</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient_and_Roman_history">Ancient and Roman history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ancient and Roman history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thracia" title="Thracia">Thracia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Xerxes_I_tomb_Skudrian_soldier_circa_470_BCE_cleaned_up.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Xerxes_I_tomb_Skudrian_soldier_circa_470_BCE_cleaned_up.jpg/150px-Xerxes_I_tomb_Skudrian_soldier_circa_470_BCE_cleaned_up.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Xerxes_I_tomb_Skudrian_soldier_circa_470_BCE_cleaned_up.jpg/225px-Xerxes_I_tomb_Skudrian_soldier_circa_470_BCE_cleaned_up.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Xerxes_I_tomb_Skudrian_soldier_circa_470_BCE_cleaned_up.jpg/300px-Xerxes_I_tomb_Skudrian_soldier_circa_470_BCE_cleaned_up.jpg 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="814" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Skudrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Skudrian">Skudrian</a> (Thracian) soldier of the Achaemenid army, circa 480 BC. <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes I</a> tomb relief.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazanluk_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Kazanluk_1.jpg/250px-Kazanluk_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Kazanluk_1.jpg/330px-Kazanluk_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Kazanluk_1.jpg/500px-Kazanluk_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="760" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Tomb_of_Kazanlak" title="Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak">Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Indigenous <a href="/wiki/Thracians" title="Thracians">Thracians</a> were divided into numerous tribes. The first to take greater control of Thrace, in part or whole, were the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenian Empire">Achaemenian</a> <a href="/wiki/Persians" title="Persians">Persians</a> in the late 6th century BC. The region was incorporated into their empire as the <a href="/wiki/Skudra" title="Skudra">Satrapy of Skudra</a>, after the <a href="/wiki/Scythian_campaign_of_Darius_I" title="Scythian campaign of Darius I">Scythian campaign of Darius the Great</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thracian soldiers were used in Persian armies and are depicted in carvings of the <a href="/wiki/Persepolis" title="Persepolis">Persepolis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naqsh-e_Rostam" title="Naqsh-e Rostam">Naqsh-e Rostam</a>. Persians' presence in Thracia lasted for more than a century, ending with the conquests in the 4th century BC by <a href="/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander III of Macedon">Alexander the Great of Macedon</a>, who divided the vast realm between his generals. Notably, Thracian troops are known to have accompanied Alexander when he crossed the <a href="/wiki/Hellespont" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellespont">Hellespont</a> which abuts Thrace, during the invasion of the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Persian Empire</a> itself. </p><p>The Thracians recorded no collective name for themselves; terms such as <i>Thrace</i> and <i>Thracians</i> were assigned by the Greeks.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Divided into separate tribes, the Thracians did not form any lasting political organizations until the founding of the <a href="/wiki/Odrysian" class="mw-redirect" title="Odrysian">Odrysian state</a> in the 4th century BC. Like <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a>, the locally ruled Thracian tribes of the mountainous regions maintained a warrior tradition, while the tribes based in the plains were purportedly more peaceable. Recently discovered funeral mounds in Bulgaria suggest that Thracian kings did rule regions of Thrace with distinct Thracian national identity.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>During this period, a subculture of <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">celibate</a> <a href="/wiki/Ascetics" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascetics">ascetics</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Ctistae" title="Ctistae">Ctistae</a> lived in Thrace, where they served as philosophers, priests, and prophets. </p><p>Sections of Thrace particularly in the south started to become hellenized before the <a href="/wiki/Peloponnesian_War" title="Peloponnesian War">Peloponnesian War</a> as Athenian and Ionian colonies were set up in Thrace before the war. Spartan and other <a href="/wiki/Dorians" title="Dorians">Doric</a> colonists followed them after the war. The special interest of Athens to Thrace is underlined by the numerous finds of Athenian silverware in Thracian tombs.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 168 BC, after the <a href="/wiki/Third_Macedonian_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Macedonian war">Third Macedonian war</a> and the subjugation of Macedonia to the Romans, Thrace also lost its independence and became a tributary to Rome. Towards the end of the 1st century BC Thrace lost its status as a client kingdom as the Romans began to directly appoint their kings.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This situation lasted until 46 AD, when the Romans finally turned Thrace into a Roman province (Romana provincia Thracia).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Roman domination, within the geographical borders of ancient Thrace, there were two separate Roman provinces, namely Thrace ("provincia Thracia") and Lower Moesia ("Moesia inferior"). Later, in the times of Diocletian, the two provinces were joined and formed the so-called "Dioecesis Thracia".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The establishment of Roman colonies and mostly several Greek cities, as was Nicopolis, Topeiros, Traianoupolis, Plotinoupolis, and Hadrianoupolis resulted from the Roman Empire's urbanization. The Roman provincial policy in Thrace favored mainly not the Romanization but the Hellenization of the country, which had started as early as the Archaic period through the Greek colonisation and was completed by the end of Roman antiquity.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As regards the competition between the Greek and Latin language, the very high rate of Greek inscriptions in Thrace extending south of <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Mountains" title="Balkan Mountains">Haemus Mountains</a> proves the complete language Hellenization of this region. The boundaries between the Greek and Latin speaking Thrace are placed just above the northern foothills of Haemus Mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the imperial period many Thracians – particularly members of the local aristocracy of the cities – had been granted the right of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman citizen">Roman citizenship</a> (civitas Romana) with all its privileges. Epigraphic evidence show a large increase in such naturalizations in the times of Trajan and Hadrian, while in 212 AD the emperor Caracalla granted, with his well-known decree (<a href="/wiki/Constitutio_Antoniniana" title="Constitutio Antoniniana">constitutio Antoniniana</a>), the Roman citizenship to all the free inhabitants of the Roman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the same period (in the 1st–2nd century AD), a remarkable presence of Thracians is testified by the inscriptions outside the borders (extra fines) both in the Greek territory<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in all the Roman provinces, especially in the provinces of Eastern Roman Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_history">Medieval history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Medieval history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(theme)" title="Macedonia (theme)">Macedonia (theme)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thrace_(theme)" title="Thrace (theme)">Thrace (theme)</a></div> <p>By the mid-5th century, as the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> began to crumble, Thracia fell from the authority of Rome and into the hands of Germanic tribal rulers. With the fall of the Western Roman Empire, Thracia turned into a battleground territory for the better part of the next 1,000 years. The surviving eastern portion of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> in the Balkans, later known as the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, retained control over Thrace until the 7th century when the northern half of the entire region was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire" title="First Bulgarian Empire">First Bulgarian Empire</a> and the remainder was reorganized in the <a href="/wiki/Thrace_(theme)" title="Thrace (theme)">Thracian theme</a>. <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_conquest_of_Bulgaria" title="Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria">The Empire regained</a> the lost regions in the late 10th century until the Bulgarians regained control of the northern half at the end of the 12th century. Throughout the 13th century and the first half of the 14th century, the region was changing in the hands of the Bulgarian and the Byzantine Empire (excluding Constantinople). In 1265, the area suffered a Mongol raid from the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Nogai_Khan" title="Nogai Khan">Nogai Khan</a>, and between 1305 and 1307 the area was raided by the <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Company" title="Catalan Company">Catalan company</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ottoman period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Greek_flag_of_Thrace_(black_cross).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Greek_flag_of_Thrace_%28black_cross%29.svg/220px-Greek_flag_of_Thrace_%28black_cross%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Greek_flag_of_Thrace_%28black_cross%29.svg/330px-Greek_flag_of_Thrace_%28black_cross%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Greek_flag_of_Thrace_%28black_cross%29.svg/440px-Greek_flag_of_Thrace_%28black_cross%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="220" /></a><figcaption>Flag of rebels of Thrace during the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1352, the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> <a href="/wiki/Turkic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkic people">Turks</a> conducted their first incursion into the region <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_conquest_of_the_Balkans" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman conquest of the Balkans">subduing it</a> completely within a matter of two decades and ruled it for five centuries in general peace. In 1821, several parts of Thrace, such as <a href="/wiki/Lavara" title="Lavara">Lavara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maroneia" title="Maroneia">Maroneia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sozopol" title="Sozopol">Sozopolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enez" title="Enez">Aenos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gallipoli" title="Gallipoli">Callipolis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Samothraki" class="mw-redirect" title="Samothraki">Samothraki</a> rebelled during the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_history">Modern history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Modern history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DBFP03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/DBFP03.jpg/220px-DBFP03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/DBFP03.jpg/330px-DBFP03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ac/DBFP03.jpg/440px-DBFP03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1192" /></a><figcaption>Proposal to cede East Thrace to Greece during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. This photocopy came from a larger color map.</figcaption></figure> <p>With the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Berlin" title="Congress of Berlin">Congress of Berlin</a> in 1878, Northern Thrace was incorporated into the semi-autonomous Ottoman province of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Rumelia" title="Eastern Rumelia">Eastern Rumelia</a>, which united with Bulgaria in 1885. The rest of Thrace was divided among <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> at the beginning of the 20th century, following the <a href="/wiki/Balkan_Wars" title="Balkan Wars">Balkan Wars</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Greco-Turkish_War_(1919-1922)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a>. In Summer 1934, up to 10,000 Jews<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were maltreated, bereaved,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and then forced to quit the region (see <a href="/wiki/1934_Thrace_pogroms" title="1934 Thrace pogroms">1934 Thrace pogroms</a>). From <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> between 1934 and 1938 a large wave of <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> immigrants called <i>Göçmenler</i> went to <a href="/wiki/East_Thrace" title="East Thrace">East Thrace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Today, <i>Thracian</i> is a geographical term used in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_Thracians">Notable Thracians</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notable Thracians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a> was, in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek mythology">Ancient Greek mythology</a>, the chief representative of the art of song and playing the <a href="/wiki/Lyre" title="Lyre">lyre</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protagoras" title="Protagoras">Protagoras</a> (c. 490–420 BC) was a Greek philosopher from <a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Thrace" title="Abdera, Thrace">Abdera, Thrace</a>. An expert in <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetorics</a> and subjects connected to virtue and political life, often regarded as the first <a href="/wiki/Sophist" title="Sophist">sophist</a>. He is known primarily for three claims: (1) that man is the measure of all things, often interpreted as a sort of <a href="/wiki/Moral_relativism" title="Moral relativism">moral relativism</a>, (2) that he could make the "worse (or weaker) argument appear the better (or stronger)" (see <a href="/wiki/Sophism" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophism">Sophism</a>), and (3) that one could not tell if the gods existed or not (see <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">Agnosticism</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herodicus" title="Herodicus">Herodicus</a> was a Greek physician of the fifth century BC who is considered the founder of <a href="/wiki/Sports_medicine" title="Sports medicine">sports medicine</a>. He is believed to have been one of <a href="/wiki/Hippocrates" title="Hippocrates">Hippocrates</a>'s tutors.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democritus" title="Democritus">Democritus</a> (c. 460–370 BC) was a Greek philosopher and mathematician from <a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Thrace" title="Abdera, Thrace">Abdera, Thrace</a>. His main contribution is the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic theory">atomic theory</a>, the belief that all matter is made up of various imperishable indivisible elements which he called <a href="/wiki/Atom" title="Atom">atoms</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartacus" title="Spartacus">Spartacus</a> was a Thracian who led a large slave uprising in what is now Italy in 73–71 BC. His army of escaped <a href="/wiki/Gladiator" title="Gladiator">gladiators</a> and slaves defeated several <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">Roman legions</a> in what is known as the <a href="/wiki/Third_Servile_War" title="Third Servile War">Third Servile War</a>.</li> <li>A number of <a href="/wiki/Roman_emperor" title="Roman emperor">Roman emperors</a> of the 3rd–5th century were of <a href="/wiki/Thraco-Roman" title="Thraco-Roman">Thraco-Roman</a> backgrounds (<a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus Thrax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Licinius" title="Licinius">Licinius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aureolus" title="Aureolus">Aureolus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leo_I_the_Thracian" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo I the Thracian">Leo the Thracian</a>, etc.). These emperors were elevated via a military career (hence the resultant nickname for them, <a href="/wiki/Barracks_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Barracks Emperor">Barracks Emperor</a>), from the condition of common soldiers in one of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_legion" title="Roman legion">Roman legions</a> to the foremost positions of <a href="/wiki/Power_(social_and_political)" title="Power (social and political)">political power</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Trakiya_Heights" title="Trakiya Heights">Trakiya Heights</a> in <a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a> "are named after the historical region."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1989_expulsion_of_Turks_from_Bulgaria" title="1989 expulsion of Turks from Bulgaria">1989 expulsion of Turks from Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_settlement_of_Eastern_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic settlement of Eastern Europe">Celtic settlement of Eastern Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacia" title="Dacia">Dacia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dardania" title="Kingdom of Dardania">Dardania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Destruction_of_Thracian_Bulgarians_in_1913" class="mw-redirect" title="The Destruction of Thracian Bulgarians in 1913">Destruction of Thracian Bulgarians in 1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawks_of_Thrace" title="Hawks of Thrace">Hawks of Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedon" class="mw-redirect" title="Macedon">Macedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesia" title="Moesia">Moesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moesogoths" class="mw-redirect" title="Moesogoths">Moesogoths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Thrace" title="Music of Thrace">Music of Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paionia" class="mw-redirect" title="Paionia">Paionia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_treasure" title="Thracian treasure">Thracian treasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Thrace" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkish Republic of Thrace">Turkish Republic of Thrace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Thrace_and_Dacia" title="List of kings of Thrace and Dacia">List of kings of Thrace and Dacia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-LSJ|*qra-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LSJ|*qra_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=*qra/%7Ckh"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Θρᾴκη</span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=*qra=%7Cc"><span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Θρᾷξ</span></span></a>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Liddell" title="Henry Liddell">Liddell, Henry George</a>; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Scott_(philologist)" title="Robert Scott (philologist)">Scott, Robert</a>; <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek%E2%80%93English_Lexicon" title="A Greek–English Lexicon">A Greek–English Lexicon</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Perseus_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Perseus Project">Perseus Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-20970684">"Greek goddess Europa adorns new five-euro note"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 10 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Greek+goddess+Europa+adorns+new+five-euro+note&rft.date=2013-01-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-20970684&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPagden2002" class="citation book cs1">Pagden, Anthony (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam031/2001025960.pdf">"Europe: Conceptualizing a Continent"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Pagden, Anthony (ed.). <i>The idea of Europe: from antiquity to the European Union</i>. Washington, DC; Cambridge; New York: Woodrow Wilson Center Press; Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511496813">10.1017/CBO9780511496813</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780511496813" title="Special:BookSources/9780511496813"><bdi>9780511496813</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam031/2001025960.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Europe%3A+Conceptualizing+a+Continent&rft.btitle=The+idea+of+Europe%3A+from+antiquity+to+the+European+Union&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC%3B+Cambridge%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Woodrow+Wilson+Center+Press%3B+Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511496813&rft.isbn=9780511496813&rft.aulast=Pagden&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcatdir.loc.gov%2Fcatdir%2Fsamples%2Fcam031%2F2001025960.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPieter1989" class="citation book cs1">Pieter, Jan (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7ucUAAAAIAAJ&q=hebros+white+river&pg=PA291"><i>Thracians and Mycenaeans: Proceedings of the Fourth International Congress</i></a>. Brill Archive. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004088641" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004088641"><bdi>978-9004088641</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thracians+and+Mycenaeans%3A+Proceedings+of+the+Fourth+International+Congress&rft.pub=Brill+Archive&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-9004088641&rft.aulast=Pieter&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7ucUAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dhebros%2Bwhite%2Briver%26pg%3DPA291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theplovdivproject.tumblr.com/post/109036573725/reka-maritsa-hebros-original-name">"The Plovdiv Project"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Plovdiv+Project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheplovdivproject.tumblr.com%2Fpost%2F109036573725%2Freka-maritsa-hebros-original-name&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/241">Stephanus Of Byzantium – Ethnica</a>, Theta 316.9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBillerbeck2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Billerbeck, Margarethe (2010). <i>Stephanus von Byzanz: Stephani Byzantii Ethnica / Delta – Iota</i> (in German). pp. Theta. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3111738505" title="Special:BookSources/978-3111738505"><bdi>978-3111738505</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stephanus+von+Byzanz%3A+Stephani+Byzantii+Ethnica+%2F+Delta+%E2%80%93+Iota&rft.pages=Theta&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3111738505&rft.aulast=Billerbeck&rft.aufirst=Margarethe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSwinburne_Carr1838" class="citation book cs1">Swinburne Carr, Thomas (1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyandgeogr00carrgoog"><i>The history and geography of Greece</i></a>. Simpkin, Marshall & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyandgeogr00carrgoog/page/n66">56</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+and+geography+of+Greece&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Simpkin%2C+Marshall+%26+Company&rft.date=1838&rft.aulast=Swinburne+Carr&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryandgeogr00carrgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smith-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Smith_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSmith1857" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Sir William (1857). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SUAPAAAAYAAJ"><i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography</i></a>. London: Little, Brown and Company. p. 1176.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+geography&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1176&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+and+Company&rft.date=1857&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Sir+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSUAPAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohann_Joachim_Eschenburg,_Nathan_Welby_Fiske1855" class="citation book cs1">Johann Joachim Eschenburg, Nathan Welby Fiske (1855). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manualclassical03eschgoog"><i>Manual of classical literature</i></a>. E.C. Biddle. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manualclassical03eschgoog/page/n59">20</a> n.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manual+of+classical+literature&rft.pages=20+n&rft.pub=E.C.+Biddle&rft.date=1855&rft.au=Johann+Joachim+Eschenburg%2C+Nathan+Welby+Fiske&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanualclassical03eschgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdam1802" class="citation book cs1">Adam, Alexander (1802). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/asummarygeograp01adamgoog"><i>A summary of geography and history, both ancient and modern</i></a>. A. Strahan. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/asummarygeograp01adamgoog/page/n370">344</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+summary+of+geography+and+history%2C+both+ancient+and+modern&rft.pages=344&rft.pub=A.+Strahan&rft.date=1802&rft.aulast=Adam&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fasummarygeograp01adamgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://topostext.org/work/241#D230.14"><i>Stephanus of Byzantium, Ethnica, §D230</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stephanus+of+Byzantium%2C+Ethnica%2C+%C2%A7D230&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftopostext.org%2Fwork%2F241%23D230.14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThrace" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joseph Roisman, Ian Worthington. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QsJ183uUDkMC&dq=Achaemenid+Persians+ruled+balkans&pg=PA345">"A companion to Ancient Macedonia"</a> John Wiley & Sons, 2011. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/144435163X" title="Special:BookSources/144435163X">144435163X</a> p 343</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Ancient_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Ancient History">Cambridge Ancient History</a>, Volume 3, Part 2: The Assyrian and Babylonian Empires and Other States of the Near East, from the Eighth to the Sixth Centuries BC by John Boardman, I. E. S. Edwards, E. Sollberger, and N. G. L. Hammond,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-22717-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-22717-8">0-521-22717-8</a>,1992, page 597: "We have no way of knowing what the Thracians called themselves and if indeed they had a common name...Thus the name of Thracians and that of their country were given by the Greeks to a group of tribes occupying the territory..."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. Sideris, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/19830301/Theseus_in_Thrace._The_Silver_Lining_on_the_Clouds_of_the_Athenian-Thracian_Relations_in_the_5th_century_BC"><i>Theseus in Thrace. The Silver Lining on the Clouds of the Athenian-Thracian Relations in the 5th Century BC</i></a> (Sofia 2015), pp. 13–14, 79–82.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. C. Samsaris, Le royaume client thrace aux temps de Tibere et la tutelle romaine de Trebellenus Rufus (Le stade transitif de la clientele a la provincialisation de la Thrace), Dodona 17 (1), 1988, p. 159-168</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/handle/123456789/27369">[1]</a> D. C. Samsaris, The Hellenization of Thrace during the Greek and Roman Antiquity (Diss. in Greek), Thessaloniki 1980, p. 26-36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. C. Samsaris, Historical Geography of Western Thrace during the Roman Antiquity (in Greek), Thessaloniki 2005, p. 7-14</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/handle/123456789/27369">[2]</a> D. C. Samsaris, The Hellenization of Thrace, passim</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://olympias.lib.uoi.gr/jspui/handle/123456789/27369">[3]</a> D. C. Samsaris, The Hellenization of Thrace, p. 320-330</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. C. Samsaris, Surveys in the history, topography and cults of the Roman provinces of Macedonia and Thrace (in Greek), Thessaloniki 1984, p. 131-302</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. C. Samsaris, Les Thraces dans l' Empire romain d' Orient (Le territoire de la Grèce actuelle). Etude ethno-démographique, sociale, prosopographique et anthroponymique, Jannina (Université) 1993, pp. 372</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D. C. Samsaris, Les Thraces dans l' Empire romain d' Orient (Asie Mineure, Syrie, Palestine et Arabie). Etude ethno-démographique et sociale, VIe Symposium Internazionale di Tracologia (Firenze 11–13 maggio 1989), Roma 1992, p. 184-204 [= Dodona 19(1990), fasc. 1, p. 5-30]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="reference-text"><i>La Venjança catalana</i>. Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpb.de/internationales/europa/tuerkei/181867/vertreibung-der-tuerkischen-juden">footnote 4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.historystudies.net/trakyanin-yeni-sakinleri">https://www.historystudies.net/trakyanin-yeni-sakinleri</a> -gocmenler-1934-1938_1634</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/gaz/scar/display_name.cfm?gaz_id=137045">Trakiya Heights.</a> SCAR <a href="/wiki/Composite_Antarctic_Gazetteer" class="mw-redirect" title="Composite Antarctic Gazetteer">Composite Antarctic Gazetteer</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hoddinott, R. F., <i>The Thracians</i>, 1981.</li> <li>Ilieva, Sonya, <i>Thracology</i>, 2001</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thrace&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Thrace#Q41741" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Thrace">Thrace</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Thrace_and_Ancient_Thracians" class="extiw" title="commons:Ancient Thrace and Ancient Thracians"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Ancient Thrace and Ancient Thracians</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emthrace.org">Ethnological Museum of Thrace</a>, comprehensive website on Thracian history and culture.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com">[4]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210510084528/http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com/">Archived</a> 10 May 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Bulgaria's most famous Thracian Treasure – The Panagyurishte Gold Treasure to return home after two years lapse</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100104153554/http://www.omda.bg/engl/history/bulgarias_thracian_heritage.htm">Bulgaria's Thracian Heritage.</a> including images of the comprehensive art collection of Thracian gold found on the territory of contemporary Bulgaria.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thracian.info">Information on Ancient Thrace</a></li> <li>The People of the God-Sun Ar and Areia (modern Thrace) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/11805222/The_People_of_the_God-Sun_Ar_and_Areia_Modern_Thrace_">The People of the God-Sun Ar and Areia (Modern Thrace)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com">Possible Orphic Lyre rock engraving discovered in Bulgaria's Eastern Rhodope Mountains</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210510084528/http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com/">Archived</a> 10 May 2021 at the <a 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41741#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1329" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41741#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1329" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41741#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/246534538">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4078277-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00577011">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Thrákie (Řecko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge117026&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Thrákie"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge131072&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007566754305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/501638">Pleiades</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" 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