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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Social Comparison</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">15,651 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Social Comparison</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Social_Comparison">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17056812" data-work_id="17056812" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17056812/Academic_self_concept_and_self_efficacy_How_different_are_they_really">Academic self-concept and self-efficacy: How different are they really?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Academic motivation researchers sometimes struggle to decipher the distinctive characteristics of what appear to be highly analogous constructs. In this article, we discuss important similarities between self-concept and self-efficacy as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17056812" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Academic motivation researchers sometimes struggle to decipher the distinctive characteristics of what appear to be highly analogous constructs. In this article, we discuss important similarities between self-concept and self-efficacy as well as some notable differences. Both constructs share many similarities such as centrality of perceived competence in construct definition; use of mastery experience, social comparison, and reflected appraisals as major information sources; and a domain-specific and multidimensional nature. Both predict motivation, emotion, and performance to varying degrees. However, there are also important differences. These differences include integration vs. separation of cognition and affect, heavily normative vs. goal-referenced evaluation of competence, aggregated vs. context-specific judgment, hierarchical vs. loosely hierarchical structure, past vs. future orientation, and relative temporal stability vs. malleability. We argue that self-efficacy acts as an active precursor of self-concept development and suggest that self-concept research separate out its multiple components and subprocesses and invest more effort toward making students less preoccupied with normative ability comparisons in school.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17056812" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="baa1bb3262a9b9b6e4503adff076b435" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42337592,"asset_id":17056812,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42337592/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36621228" href="https://ntnu-no.academia.edu/EinarSkaalvik">Einar Skaalvik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36621228" type="text/json">{"id":36621228,"first_name":"Einar","last_name":"Skaalvik","domain_name":"ntnu-no","page_name":"EinarSkaalvik","display_name":"Einar Skaalvik","profile_url":"https://ntnu-no.academia.edu/EinarSkaalvik?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36621228/19965023/19758011/s65_einar.skaalvik.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17056812 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17056812"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17056812, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17056812", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17056812]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17056812").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17056812").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17056812"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3398" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Psychology">Educational Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3398" type="text/json">{"id":3398,"name":"Educational Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="50581" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Efficacy">Self Efficacy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="50581" type="text/json">{"id":50581,"name":"Self Efficacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Efficacy?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17056812]'), work: {"id":17056812,"title":"Academic self-concept and self-efficacy: How different are they really?","created_at":"2015-10-20T12:08:57.355-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17056812/Academic_self_concept_and_self_efficacy_How_different_are_they_really?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_17056812","summary":"Academic motivation researchers sometimes struggle to decipher the distinctive characteristics of what appear to be highly analogous constructs. In this article, we discuss important similarities between self-concept and self-efficacy as well as some notable differences. Both constructs share many similarities such as centrality of perceived competence in construct definition; use of mastery experience, social comparison, and reflected appraisals as major information sources; and a domain-specific and multidimensional nature. Both predict motivation, emotion, and performance to varying degrees. However, there are also important differences. These differences include integration vs. separation of cognition and affect, heavily normative vs. goal-referenced evaluation of competence, aggregated vs. context-specific judgment, hierarchical vs. loosely hierarchical structure, past vs. future orientation, and relative temporal stability vs. malleability. We argue that self-efficacy acts as an active precursor of self-concept development and suggest that self-concept research separate out its multiple components and subprocesses and invest more effort toward making students less preoccupied with normative ability comparisons in school.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42337592,"asset_id":17056812,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36621228,"first_name":"Einar","last_name":"Skaalvik","domain_name":"ntnu-no","page_name":"EinarSkaalvik","display_name":"Einar Skaalvik","profile_url":"https://ntnu-no.academia.edu/EinarSkaalvik?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36621228/19965023/19758011/s65_einar.skaalvik.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":3398,"name":"Educational Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":50581,"name":"Self Efficacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Efficacy?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":104112,"name":"Information Sources","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Sources?f_ri=9582"},{"id":386576,"name":"Domain Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domain_Specificity?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1419742,"name":"Self Esteem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Esteem?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48175477" data-work_id="48175477" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48175477/Dimensional_comparisons_in_subject_specific_academic_self_concepts_and_achievements_A_quasi_experimental_approach">Dimensional comparisons in subject-specific academic self-concepts and achievements: A quasi-experimental approach</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Even though marks in different subjects are substantially correlated, the corresponding self-concepts often display a very weak association. The ''InternaleExternal Frame of Reference Model'' (I/E-model; Marsh, H. W. (1986). Verbal and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48175477" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Even though marks in different subjects are substantially correlated, the corresponding self-concepts often display a very weak association. The ''InternaleExternal Frame of Reference Model'' (I/E-model; Marsh, H. W. (1986). Verbal and math self-concepts: an internal/external frame of reference model. American Educational Research Journal, 23, 129e149) explains this finding: social comparisons (resulting in positive correlations of the self-concepts) and dimensional comparisons (resulting in negative correlations of the self-concepts) are confounded. A rarely tested hypothesis derived from the I/E-model is that the dimensional comparison process only affects the self-concepts, if the students achieve differently in the corresponding subjects. In a sample of N Z 1508 students (grades 7 and 8), low correlations of the self-concepts for four subjects could be observed only in students displaying different school-marks in the corresponding subjects. In students who have the same marks in different subjects, the self-concepts showed a substantial positive correlation.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48175477" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b5047aa00a2c753dce1567c73e279fbe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66924430,"asset_id":48175477,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66924430/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54913482" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DetlefRost">Detlef Rost</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54913482" type="text/json">{"id":54913482,"first_name":"Detlef","last_name":"Rost","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DetlefRost","display_name":"Detlef Rost","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DetlefRost?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48175477 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48175477"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48175477, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48175477", }); 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The ''InternaleExternal Frame of Reference Model'' (I/E-model; Marsh, H. W. (1986). Verbal and math self-concepts: an internal/external frame of reference model. American Educational Research Journal, 23, 129e149) explains this finding: social comparisons (resulting in positive correlations of the self-concepts) and dimensional comparisons (resulting in negative correlations of the self-concepts) are confounded. A rarely tested hypothesis derived from the I/E-model is that the dimensional comparison process only affects the self-concepts, if the students achieve differently in the corresponding subjects. In a sample of N Z 1508 students (grades 7 and 8), low correlations of the self-concepts for four subjects could be observed only in students displaying different school-marks in the corresponding subjects. In students who have the same marks in different subjects, the self-concepts showed a substantial positive correlation.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66924430,"asset_id":48175477,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54913482,"first_name":"Detlef","last_name":"Rost","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DetlefRost","display_name":"Detlef Rost","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DetlefRost?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":37567,"name":"Education Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Research?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":81504,"name":"Correlation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Correlation?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":89287,"name":"Student Achievement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Achievement?f_ri=9582"},{"id":104446,"name":"Academic achievement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_achievement?f_ri=9582"},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=9582"},{"id":533729,"name":"Learning and Instruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Learning_and_Instruction?f_ri=9582"},{"id":584723,"name":"Frame of reference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frame_of_reference?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_63788464" data-work_id="63788464" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/63788464/The_wealthy_get_healthy_the_poor_get_poorly_Lay_perceptions_of_health_inequalities">The wealthy get healthy, the poor get poorly? 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u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24954207/The_effects_of_social_comparison_on_inaction_inertia">The effects of social comparison on inaction inertia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper, we examine inaction inertia in a social context where the decision-maker is among others who are faced with similar current and past opportunities. We specifically investigate whether the likelihood of taking advantage of a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24954207" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper, we examine inaction inertia in a social context where the decision-maker is among others who are faced with similar current and past opportunities. We specifically investigate whether the likelihood of taking advantage of a current opportunity after having missed a previous, relatively superior opportunity depends on whether a referent other did or did not take advantage of the previous opportunity. We report results from three studies that provide evidence for the interplay between the past actions and inactions of a referent other and the extent of inaction inertia displayed by a focal decision-maker. We also show that the proximity of the other and the valence of the relationship between the decision-maker and the other influence the extent to which the decision of the other impacts the likelihood to take action. And, finally, we show that regret mediates the relationship between the decision of the other with respect to the past opportunity and the decision-maker's likelihood of taking advantage of the current opportunity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24954207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ad8922a4a1926b3e3b7d57df7e6617bf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45285301,"asset_id":24954207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45285301/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38884157" href="https://itbhu.academia.edu/Piyushkumar">Piyush kumar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38884157" type="text/json">{"id":38884157,"first_name":"Piyush","last_name":"kumar","domain_name":"itbhu","page_name":"Piyushkumar","display_name":"Piyush kumar","profile_url":"https://itbhu.academia.edu/Piyushkumar?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38884157/11607005/12943627/s65_piyush.kumar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24954207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24954207"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24954207, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24954207", }); 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We specifically investigate whether the likelihood of taking advantage of a current opportunity after having missed a previous, relatively superior opportunity depends on whether a referent other did or did not take advantage of the previous opportunity. We report results from three studies that provide evidence for the interplay between the past actions and inactions of a referent other and the extent of inaction inertia displayed by a focal decision-maker. We also show that the proximity of the other and the valence of the relationship between the decision-maker and the other influence the extent to which the decision of the other impacts the likelihood to take action. 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The research analysis unearthed a number of themes within the diversity discipline, however, for... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_58753203" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This research is based on 243 interviews conducted in various workplaces and with a wide variety of individuals in modern-day South Africa. The research analysis unearthed a number of themes within the diversity discipline, however, for the purposes of this chapter we had to pick one theme for discussion. This chapter therefore focuses on the negative psychological effects which foreign employees experience in post-Apartheid and democratic South Africa. The dominant diversity discourse has been concerned mainly from a political and policy standpoint (Liff, 1996; Dandeker and Mason, 2001). However, an evolving workplace discourse is emerging, informed by a critical post-structuralist tradition which challenges the static demographic characteristics of individuals and the positive, empowering view of individuals with different capacities – in fact, it has focused our attention on how diversity operates in organisations (Zanoni and Janssens, 2004), economic efficiency (Litvin, 2002), the nature of professions (ibid.) and broader institutional settings (de los Reyes, 2000). These discourses, it would appear, serve mainly to control less-powerful employees, such as immigrant and foreign workers, through focusing on fixed, essential group characteristics. Unfortunately, they overlook the material structure within which such discourse occurs, rendering the system static to ensuing changes in its environment.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/58753203" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34309838" href="https://uct.academia.edu/KApril">Kurt April</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34309838" type="text/json">{"id":34309838,"first_name":"Kurt","last_name":"April","domain_name":"uct","page_name":"KApril","display_name":"Kurt April","profile_url":"https://uct.academia.edu/KApril?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34309838/12204746/55896466/s65_kurt.april.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_58753203 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="58753203"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 58753203, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_58753203", }); 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itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7572268/Ice_free_cryopreservation_of_mouse_embryos_at_196_C_by_vitrification">Ice-free cryopreservation of mouse embryos at −196 °C by vitrification</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Multi-proxy approach was used to reconstruct the environmental conditions of remote lakes in the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) over the past few centuries (approximately 500-1000 years). Short sediment cores (*30 cm) taken from three... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7572268" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Multi-proxy approach was used to reconstruct the environmental conditions of remote lakes in the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) over the past few centuries (approximately 500-1000 years). Short sediment cores (*30 cm) taken from three morphologically similar glacial lakes distributed along altitudinal gradient (subalpine to alpine conditions) were analysed for organic matter content (LOI), diatoms and chironomids. Both descriptive and correlative approaches were used for analysing stratigraphical data. Predictive canonical correspondence analysis and co-correspondence analysis were applied to directly relate physical and biological proxies to each other. The relationship between LOI and biotic proxies was inconsistent across groups and lakes. Concordant patterns in diatom and chironomid composition were found in two non-acidified lakes. Common trends in those assemblages indicated major past environmental events such as the Little Ice Age, air pollution and lake acidification. In contrast, no relationship between the composition of diatom and chironomid assemblages was found in the formerly acidified lake, suggesting different responses of assemblages to acidification. While chironomids showed shifts that are attributable to recovery, diatoms assemblage remained relatively stable throughout the uppermost layers of the sediment record. On the other hand, climatic-driven changes in assemblages detected in the deeper layers were more pronounced in diatoms than in chironomids.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7572268" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc74dae72ccbaf182b6e4cf319e84aa3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48418055,"asset_id":7572268,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48418055/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4088138" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GregoryFahy">Gregory Fahy</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4088138" type="text/json">{"id":4088138,"first_name":"Gregory","last_name":"Fahy","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GregoryFahy","display_name":"Gregory Fahy","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GregoryFahy?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4088138/1573856/1905987/s65_gregory.fahy.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7572268 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7572268"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7572268, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7572268", }); 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Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Resistance?f_ri=9582"},{"id":2374838,"name":"Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hematopoietic_Stem_Cell_Transplantation?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62161135" data-work_id="62161135" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62161135/Enhancing_Satisfaction_through_Downward_Comparison_The_Role_of_Relational_Discontent_and_Individual_Differences_in_Social_Comparison_Orientation">Enhancing Satisfaction through Downward Comparison: The Role of Relational Discontent and Individual Differences in Social Comparison Orientation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Three experiments examined whether downward social comparison may enhance satisfaction in close relationships. In a thoughtgenerating task participants were asked to generate features of their relationship in which they considered their... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_62161135" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Three experiments examined whether downward social comparison may enhance satisfaction in close relationships. In a thoughtgenerating task participants were asked to generate features of their relationship in which they considered their relationship as better than that of most others (downward comparison condition) versus features that they considered merely as good (no-comparison condition) Experiment 1 and Experiment 3 found evidence that downward comparison resulted in more relationship satisfaction than merely generating good qualities of the relationship in both dating and marital relationships. Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 showed that engaging in downward comparison moderated the effect of relational discontent upon satisfaction, but only for those high in social comparison orientation. Moreover, after downward comparison, individuals had relatively shorter response latencies when answering questions about their relationship, suggesting that the comparison task made attitudes toward one's relationship cognitively more accessible. The differential effect of both conditions was not due to the fact that relatively more features were generated in the comparison condition or that these features were relatively more positive.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62161135" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5b3f481e4f1693e1d46166ba5d6dc0ac" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74996688,"asset_id":62161135,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74996688/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52964225" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FransOldersma">Frans Oldersma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52964225" type="text/json">{"id":52964225,"first_name":"Frans","last_name":"Oldersma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FransOldersma","display_name":"Frans Oldersma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FransOldersma?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62161135 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62161135"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62161135, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62161135", }); 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In a thoughtgenerating task participants were asked to generate features of their relationship in which they considered their relationship as better than that of most others (downward comparison condition) versus features that they considered merely as good (no-comparison condition) Experiment 1 and Experiment 3 found evidence that downward comparison resulted in more relationship satisfaction than merely generating good qualities of the relationship in both dating and marital relationships. Experiment 2 and Experiment 3 showed that engaging in downward comparison moderated the effect of relational discontent upon satisfaction, but only for those high in social comparison orientation. Moreover, after downward comparison, individuals had relatively shorter response latencies when answering questions about their relationship, suggesting that the comparison task made attitudes toward one's relationship cognitively more accessible. The differential effect of both conditions was not due to the fact that relatively more features were generated in the comparison condition or that these features were relatively more positive.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74996688,"asset_id":62161135,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52964225,"first_name":"Frans","last_name":"Oldersma","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FransOldersma","display_name":"Frans Oldersma","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FransOldersma?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":18440,"name":"Social Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Perception?f_ri=9582"},{"id":66843,"name":"Judgment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Judgment?f_ri=9582"},{"id":82270,"name":"Close relationships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Close_relationships?f_ri=9582"},{"id":144049,"name":"Attitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Attitude?f_ri=9582"},{"id":965088,"name":"Individual Difference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individual_Difference?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1218458,"name":"Experimental Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Social_Psychology?f_ri=9582"},{"id":2686606,"name":"interpersonal relation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/interpersonal_relation?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_39818606 coauthored" data-work_id="39818606" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39818606/When_Feedback_Interventions_Backfire_Why_Higher_Performance_Feedback_May_Result_in_Lower_Self_Perceived_Competence_and_Satisfaction_with_Performance">When Feedback Interventions Backfire: Why Higher Performance Feedback May Result in Lower Self‐Perceived Competence and Satisfaction with Performance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In relative performance evaluation systems, appraisers may choose to adopt stricter or laxer evaluation criteria. When laxer (vs. stricter) criteria are used, higher absolute performance evaluations become easier (vs. harder) to achieve.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_39818606" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In relative performance evaluation systems, appraisers may choose to adopt stricter or laxer evaluation criteria. When laxer (vs. stricter) criteria are used, higher absolute performance evaluations become easier (vs. harder) to achieve. Thus, each appraisee's absolute performance feedback and the mean of the distribution of absolute performance feedback are shifted upward (vs. downward). Yet, relative performance remains constant. When evaluation outcomes depend solely on relative performance, can the adoption of laxer (vs. stricter) criteria—leading to higher absolute performance feedback but no change in relative performance—influence appraisees’ satisfaction with performance? Despite the ubiquity of such systems in organizations, research has not addressed this question. This article points to an important gap between practitioners’ beliefs and research findings. We show that while most appraisers believe that higher absolute performance feedback will automatically result in more satisfaction with performance, the opposite may also happen. Specifically, we find that appraisees with a stronger (vs. weaker) chronic or contextual need to engage in social comparison are more satisfied with lower (vs. higher) absolute performance feedback. Overall, we demonstrate why and how feedback interventions in relative performance evaluation systems may backfire, and suggest a set of practical guidelines for maximizing appraisees’ satisfaction with performance in such systems.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39818606" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f92ccf9527530d153cb8bf7a811692be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60004650,"asset_id":39818606,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60004650/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="88897616" href="https://cerom.academia.edu/JonathanLuffarelli">Jonathan Luffarelli</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="88897616" type="text/json">{"id":88897616,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Luffarelli","domain_name":"cerom","page_name":"JonathanLuffarelli","display_name":"Jonathan Luffarelli","profile_url":"https://cerom.academia.edu/JonathanLuffarelli?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/88897616/29542981/27483875/s65_jonathan.luffarelli.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-39818606">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-39818606"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://ie-smu-mba.academia.edu/AntoniosStamatogiannakis">Antonios Stamatogiannakis</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-39818606'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-39818606').html(); 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When laxer (vs. stricter) criteria are used, higher absolute performance evaluations become easier (vs. harder) to achieve. Thus, each appraisee's absolute performance feedback and the mean of the distribution of absolute performance feedback are shifted upward (vs. downward). Yet, relative performance remains constant. When evaluation outcomes depend solely on relative performance, can the adoption of laxer (vs. stricter) criteria—leading to higher absolute performance feedback but no change in relative performance—influence appraisees’ satisfaction with performance? Despite the ubiquity of such systems in organizations, research has not addressed this question. This article points to an important gap between practitioners’ beliefs and research findings. We show that while most appraisers believe that higher absolute performance feedback will automatically result in more satisfaction with performance, the opposite may also happen. Specifically, we find that appraisees with a stronger (vs. weaker) chronic or contextual need to engage in social comparison are more satisfied with lower (vs. higher) absolute performance feedback. Overall, we demonstrate why and how feedback interventions in relative performance evaluation systems may backfire, and suggest a set of practical guidelines for maximizing appraisees’ satisfaction with performance in such systems. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60004650,"asset_id":39818606,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":88897616,"first_name":"Jonathan","last_name":"Luffarelli","domain_name":"cerom","page_name":"JonathanLuffarelli","display_name":"Jonathan Luffarelli","profile_url":"https://cerom.academia.edu/JonathanLuffarelli?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/88897616/29542981/27483875/s65_jonathan.luffarelli.jpg"},{"id":41921721,"first_name":"Antonios","last_name":"Stamatogiannakis","domain_name":"ie-smu-mba","page_name":"AntoniosStamatogiannakis","display_name":"Antonios Stamatogiannakis","profile_url":"https://ie-smu-mba.academia.edu/AntoniosStamatogiannakis?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41921721/14073562/15087979/s65_antonios.stamatogiannakis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3203,"name":"Feedback (Education)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feedback_Education_?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":4965,"name":"Performance Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Management?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":5680,"name":"Assessing Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Assessing_Performance?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":6416,"name":"Human Resource Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Resource_Management?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":8688,"name":"Job Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Job_Satisfaction?f_ri=9582"},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582"},{"id":110048,"name":"Teaching and Assessment or Evaluation Strategies. Student Academic Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teaching_and_Assessment_or_Evaluation_Strategies._Student_Academic_Performance?f_ri=9582"},{"id":369494,"name":"Ranking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ranking?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23876498 coauthored" data-work_id="23876498" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23876498/Young_people_with_intellectual_disabilities_attending_mainstream_and_segregated_schooling_perceived_stigma_social_comparison_and_future_aspirations">Young people with intellectual disabilities attending mainstream and segregated schooling: perceived stigma, social comparison and future aspirations</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Mainstream schooling is a key policy in the promotion of social inclusion of young people with learning disabilities. Yet there is limited evidence about the school experience of young people about to leave mainstream as... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_23876498" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Mainstream schooling is a key policy in the promotion of social inclusion of young people with learning disabilities. Yet there is limited evidence about the school experience of young people about to leave mainstream as compared with segregated education, and how it impacts on their relative view of self and future aspirations. Methods Sixty young people with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities in their final year of secondary school participated in this study. Twenty-eight individuals came from mainstream schools and  attended segregated school. They completed a series of self-report measures on perceptions of stigma, social comparison to a more disabled and nondisabled peer and the likelihood involved in attaining their future goals.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23876498" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d2fdec078df18c53e0877bd6f869d367" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44266971,"asset_id":23876498,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44266971/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13493501" href="https://glasgow.academia.edu/AndrewGumley">Andrew Gumley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13493501" type="text/json">{"id":13493501,"first_name":"Andrew","last_name":"Gumley","domain_name":"glasgow","page_name":"AndrewGumley","display_name":"Andrew Gumley","profile_url":"https://glasgow.academia.edu/AndrewGumley?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13493501/18475586/18588699/s65_andrew.gumley.jpeg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-23876498">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-23876498"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/FionaKnott">Fiona Knott</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewJahoda">Andrew Jahoda</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-23876498'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-23876498').html(); 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class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9792" href="https://scranton.academia.edu/DanielleArigo">Danielle Arigo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9792" type="text/json">{"id":9792,"first_name":"Danielle","last_name":"Arigo","domain_name":"scranton","page_name":"DanielleArigo","display_name":"Danielle Arigo","profile_url":"https://scranton.academia.edu/DanielleArigo?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9792/3337/18570051/s65_danielle.arigo.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-1512671">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-1512671"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" 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data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32387291" href="https://universityofarizona.academia.edu/LisaOrdonez">Lisa Ordonez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32387291" type="text/json">{"id":32387291,"first_name":"Lisa","last_name":"Ordonez","domain_name":"universityofarizona","page_name":"LisaOrdonez","display_name":"Lisa Ordonez","profile_url":"https://universityofarizona.academia.edu/LisaOrdonez?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13129955">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13129955"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/ConnollyTerry">Terry Connolly</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13129955'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13129955').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_13129955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="13129955"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 13129955, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_13129955", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_13129955 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13129955]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13129955").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13129955").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13129955"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8210" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Decision_Making">Behavioral Decision Making</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8210" type="text/json">{"id":8210,"name":"Behavioral Decision Making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Behavioral_Decision_Making?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1224365" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Point">Reference Point</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1224365" type="text/json">{"id":1224365,"name":"Reference 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class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13790425 coauthored" data-work_id="13790425" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13790425/The_interplay_of_mastery_and_performance_goals_in_social_comparison_A_multiple_goal_perspective">The interplay of mastery and performance goals in social comparison: A multiple-goal perspective</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">recently demonstrated that not only performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals (respectively, the desire to outperform others and not to be outperformed by others) but also mastery goals (the desire to acquire knowledge) were... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_13790425" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">recently demonstrated that not only performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals (respectively, the desire to outperform others and not to be outperformed by others) but also mastery goals (the desire to acquire knowledge) were related to social comparison orientation (SCO, the tendency to search for social comparison information). In the present article, the possibility of a link between mastery goals and social comparison that depends on the level of performance-approach goals-a possibility supported by a multiple-goal perspective-was tested by examining the interaction effect between mastery and performance-approach goals. This is an important endeavor, as educational settings are rarely free from performance-approach goals, even when mastery goals are promoted. In Study 1, we tested self-set achievement goals (mastery, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals) as predictors of SCO; the interaction between mastery goals and performance-approach goals indicated that the higher the performance-approach goal endorsement, the stronger the link between mastery goals and SCO. In Study 2, we manipulated goal conditions; mastery goals predicted interest in social comparison in the performance-approach goal condition only. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of multiple-goal pursuit in academic settings.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13790425" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="068dc010d2284c390a44ea5ff9f04e4a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44946176,"asset_id":13790425,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44946176/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="32894873" href="https://r.academia.edu/C%C3%A9lineDarnon">Céline Darnon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="32894873" type="text/json">{"id":32894873,"first_name":"Céline","last_name":"Darnon","domain_name":"r","page_name":"CélineDarnon","display_name":"Céline Darnon","profile_url":"https://r.academia.edu/C%C3%A9lineDarnon?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-13790425">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-13790425"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/FabrizioButera">Fabrizio Butera</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-13790425'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-13790425').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_13790425 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="13790425"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 13790425; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=13790425]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_13790425").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_13790425").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13790425"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3398" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Psychology">Educational Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3398" type="text/json">{"id":3398,"name":"Educational Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9043" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance">Performance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9043" type="text/json">{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13790425]'), work: {"id":13790425,"title":"The interplay of mastery and performance goals in social comparison: A multiple-goal perspective","created_at":"2015-07-08T02:34:21.127-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/13790425/The_interplay_of_mastery_and_performance_goals_in_social_comparison_A_multiple_goal_perspective?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_13790425","summary":"recently demonstrated that not only performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals (respectively, the desire to outperform others and not to be outperformed by others) but also mastery goals (the desire to acquire knowledge) were related to social comparison orientation (SCO, the tendency to search for social comparison information). In the present article, the possibility of a link between mastery goals and social comparison that depends on the level of performance-approach goals-a possibility supported by a multiple-goal perspective-was tested by examining the interaction effect between mastery and performance-approach goals. This is an important endeavor, as educational settings are rarely free from performance-approach goals, even when mastery goals are promoted. In Study 1, we tested self-set achievement goals (mastery, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance goals) as predictors of SCO; the interaction between mastery goals and performance-approach goals indicated that the higher the performance-approach goal endorsement, the stronger the link between mastery goals and SCO. In Study 2, we manipulated goal conditions; mastery goals predicted interest in social comparison in the performance-approach goal condition only. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of multiple-goal pursuit in academic settings.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44946176,"asset_id":13790425,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":32894873,"first_name":"Céline","last_name":"Darnon","domain_name":"r","page_name":"CélineDarnon","display_name":"Céline Darnon","profile_url":"https://r.academia.edu/C%C3%A9lineDarnon?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":34173895,"first_name":"Fabrizio","last_name":"Butera","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FabrizioButera","display_name":"Fabrizio Butera","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FabrizioButera?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":3398,"name":"Educational Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582"},{"id":18440,"name":"Social Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Perception?f_ri=9582"},{"id":81504,"name":"Correlation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Correlation?f_ri=9582"},{"id":84578,"name":"Educational","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational?f_ri=9582"},{"id":104446,"name":"Academic achievement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Academic_achievement?f_ri=9582"},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=9582"},{"id":203753,"name":"Goal Orientation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Goal_Orientation?f_ri=9582"},{"id":555000,"name":"Social Influences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Influences?f_ri=9582"},{"id":592549,"name":"Interaction effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interaction_effect?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1396166 coauthored" data-work_id="1396166" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1396166/Categorizing_at_the_group_level_in_response_to_intragroup_social_comparisons_A_self_categorization_theory_integration_of_self_evaluation_and_social_identity_motives">Categorizing at the group‐level in response to intragroup social comparisons: A self‐categorization theory integration of self‐evaluation and social identity motives</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Two experiments examined how people respond to upward social comparisons in terms of the extent to which they categorize the self and the source of comparison within the same social group. Selfevaluation maintenance theory (SEM) suggests... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1396166" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Two experiments examined how people respond to upward social comparisons in terms of the extent to which they categorize the self and the source of comparison within the same social group. Selfevaluation maintenance theory (SEM) suggests that upward ingroup comparisons can lead to the rejection of a shared categorization, because shared categorization makes the comparison more meaningful and threatening. In contrast, social identity theory (SIT) suggests that upward ingroup comparisons can lead to the acceptance of shared categorization because a high-performing ingroup member enhances the ingroup identity. We attempted to resolve these differing predictions using selfcategorization theory, arguing that SEM applies to contexts that make salient one's personal identity, and SIT applies to contexts that make collective identity salient. Consistent with this perspective, the level of identity activated in context moderated the effect of an upward ingroup comparison on the acceptance of shared social categorization.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1396166" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="428cd712dbb8a4be73edcabff38c5183" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":8977411,"asset_id":1396166,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/8977411/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1211219" href="https://csusb.academia.edu/DonnaGarcia">Donna Garcia</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1211219" type="text/json">{"id":1211219,"first_name":"Donna","last_name":"Garcia","domain_name":"csusb","page_name":"DonnaGarcia","display_name":"Donna Garcia","profile_url":"https://csusb.academia.edu/DonnaGarcia?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1211219/436913/543258/s65_donna.garcia.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-1396166">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-1396166"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://kansas.academia.edu/NylaRBranscombe">Nyla R. Branscombe</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-1396166'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-1396166').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1396166 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1396166"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1396166, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1396166", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1396166 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1396166; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1396166"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1396166 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1396166"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1396166; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1396166]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1396166").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1396166").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1396166"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2089" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity">Social Identity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2089" type="text/json">{"id":2089,"name":"Social Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1396166]'), work: {"id":1396166,"title":"Categorizing at the group‐level in response to intragroup social comparisons: A self‐categorization theory integration of self‐evaluation and social identity motives","created_at":"2012-02-15T13:18:07.073-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1396166/Categorizing_at_the_group_level_in_response_to_intragroup_social_comparisons_A_self_categorization_theory_integration_of_self_evaluation_and_social_identity_motives?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_1396166","summary":"Two experiments examined how people respond to upward social comparisons in terms of the extent to which they categorize the self and the source of comparison within the same social group. Selfevaluation maintenance theory (SEM) suggests that upward ingroup comparisons can lead to the rejection of a shared categorization, because shared categorization makes the comparison more meaningful and threatening. In contrast, social identity theory (SIT) suggests that upward ingroup comparisons can lead to the acceptance of shared categorization because a high-performing ingroup member enhances the ingroup identity. We attempted to resolve these differing predictions using selfcategorization theory, arguing that SEM applies to contexts that make salient one's personal identity, and SIT applies to contexts that make collective identity salient. Consistent with this perspective, the level of identity activated in context moderated the effect of an upward ingroup comparison on the acceptance of shared social categorization.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":8977411,"asset_id":1396166,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1211219,"first_name":"Donna","last_name":"Garcia","domain_name":"csusb","page_name":"DonnaGarcia","display_name":"Donna Garcia","profile_url":"https://csusb.academia.edu/DonnaGarcia?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1211219/436913/543258/s65_donna.garcia.jpg"},{"id":30307367,"first_name":"Nyla R.","last_name":"Branscombe","domain_name":"kansas","page_name":"NylaRBranscombe","display_name":"Nyla R. Branscombe","profile_url":"https://kansas.academia.edu/NylaRBranscombe?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":2089,"name":"Social Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identity?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction?f_ri=9582"},{"id":6002,"name":"Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory?f_ri=9582"},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582"},{"id":18440,"name":"Social Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Perception?f_ri=9582"},{"id":18573,"name":"Categorization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Categorization?f_ri=9582"},{"id":239280,"name":"Self Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Evaluation?f_ri=9582"},{"id":279027,"name":"European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European?f_ri=9582"},{"id":521616,"name":"Social Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Group?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54859368" data-work_id="54859368" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54859368/School_peer_victimization_of_young_people_with_craniofacial_conditions_A_comparative_study">School peer victimization of young people with craniofacial conditions: A comparative study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Young people with and without craniofacial conditions were compared on perceived incidence and frequency of school-based peer victimization and resultant distress; the relationship of craniofacial disfigurement severity to victimization... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54859368" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Young people with and without craniofacial conditions were compared on perceived incidence and frequency of school-based peer victimization and resultant distress; the relationship of craniofacial disfigurement severity to victimization incidence and frequency was also assessed. A deliberately biased sample-over-representing greater disfigurement-of 85 young people (9 to 16 years of age), continuing or having completed treatment for a craniofacial condition, were rated on current disfigurement severity, and responded to an extended version of the Direct and Indirect Aggression Scale (DIAS) presented as a structured telephone interview. Fifty-five matched school peers without craniofacial conditions responded to the same interview. Greater craniofacial disfigurement was associated with greater likelihood and frequency of being targeted with certain aggressive behaviours identified from the craniofacial literature. However, no more young people with, than without, craniofacial conditions experienced frequent victimization, considerable emotional distress or references to their appearance. This study provides a social comparison for victimized young people with craniofacial conditions. Knowing that those without disfigurement are also victimized may help ease their disfigurement-related cognitions. This study highlights the limitations of surgical correction for disfigurement, and promotes a more realistic view for victimization experiences and intervention options.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54859368" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8afc26e6a5223c1eed92ea00c050a594" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71016938,"asset_id":54859368,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71016938/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6118083" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PamCarroll">Pam Carroll</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6118083" type="text/json">{"id":6118083,"first_name":"Pam","last_name":"Carroll","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PamCarroll","display_name":"Pam Carroll","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PamCarroll?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54859368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54859368"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54859368, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54859368", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_54859368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54859368; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_54859368"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_54859368 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="54859368"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 54859368; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54859368]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_54859368").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_54859368").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="54859368"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6372" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Victimology">Victimology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6372" type="text/json">{"id":6372,"name":"Victimology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Victimology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23890" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study">Comparative Study</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23890" type="text/json">{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=54859368]'), work: {"id":54859368,"title":"School peer victimization of young people with craniofacial conditions: A comparative study","created_at":"2021-10-02T08:28:58.923-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/54859368/School_peer_victimization_of_young_people_with_craniofacial_conditions_A_comparative_study?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_54859368","summary":"Young people with and without craniofacial conditions were compared on perceived incidence and frequency of school-based peer victimization and resultant distress; the relationship of craniofacial disfigurement severity to victimization incidence and frequency was also assessed. A deliberately biased sample-over-representing greater disfigurement-of 85 young people (9 to 16 years of age), continuing or having completed treatment for a craniofacial condition, were rated on current disfigurement severity, and responded to an extended version of the Direct and Indirect Aggression Scale (DIAS) presented as a structured telephone interview. Fifty-five matched school peers without craniofacial conditions responded to the same interview. Greater craniofacial disfigurement was associated with greater likelihood and frequency of being targeted with certain aggressive behaviours identified from the craniofacial literature. However, no more young people with, than without, craniofacial conditions experienced frequent victimization, considerable emotional distress or references to their appearance. This study provides a social comparison for victimized young people with craniofacial conditions. Knowing that those without disfigurement are also victimized may help ease their disfigurement-related cognitions. This study highlights the limitations of surgical correction for disfigurement, and promotes a more realistic view for victimization experiences and intervention options.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71016938,"asset_id":54859368,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6118083,"first_name":"Pam","last_name":"Carroll","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"PamCarroll","display_name":"Pam Carroll","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PamCarroll?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":6372,"name":"Victimology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Victimology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":23890,"name":"Comparative Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Study?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":25953,"name":"Young People","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_People?f_ri=9582"},{"id":62080,"name":"Length-biased Sampling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Length-biased_Sampling?f_ri=9582"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=9582"},{"id":289330,"name":"Prevalence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prevalence?f_ri=9582"},{"id":672485,"name":"Physical Appearance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Appearance?f_ri=9582"},{"id":837124,"name":"Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology_and_Behavioral_Medicine?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1929419,"name":"Nino","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nino?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53956351" data-work_id="53956351" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53956351/Effect_of_individual_differences_in_nonverbal_expressiveness_on_transmission_of_emotion">Effect of individual differences in nonverbal expressiveness on transmission of emotion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study tested the possibility that individual differences in nonverbal expressiveness may function as a mediating factor in the transmission of emotion through social comparison. In a quasiexperimental design, small groups consisting... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53956351" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study tested the possibility that individual differences in nonverbal expressiveness may function as a mediating factor in the transmission of emotion through social comparison. In a quasiexperimental design, small groups consisting of one expressive person and two unexpressive people were created in which the participants sat facing each other without talking for two minutes. Self-report measures of mood indicated that tile feelings of the unexpressive people were influenced by the expressive people but the expressive people were relatively unlikely to be influenced by the unexpressive people. The findings have implications for the role of nonverbal communication in the emotional side of group interaction. Certain individuals such as tile "life" of tile party, tile charismatic politician, and tile terrified patient sitting next to you in the dentist's waiting room seem especially able to communicate their feelings to others. Tile presence of such an individual may, on tile one hand, arouse emotion in those nearby and may incite them to join in collective action such as a panic. On tile other hand, such an expressive person may, if calm, provide reassurance or induce relaxation. Feelings may, in part, be affected by tile moods of others through the process of social comparison (Schachter, 1959). In their pioneering work on emotion, Schachter and Singer (1962) started from Maranon's findings that people injected with</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53956351" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cf639d982b59f9ec75444fef99c4cec7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70552240,"asset_id":53956351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70552240/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57987472" href="https://cmc.academia.edu/RRiggio">Ronald Riggio</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57987472" type="text/json">{"id":57987472,"first_name":"Ronald","last_name":"Riggio","domain_name":"cmc","page_name":"RRiggio","display_name":"Ronald Riggio","profile_url":"https://cmc.academia.edu/RRiggio?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57987472/15213922/15892925/s65_ronald.riggio.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53956351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53956351"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53956351, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53956351", }); 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In a quasiexperimental design, small groups consisting of one expressive person and two unexpressive people were created in which the participants sat facing each other without talking for two minutes. Self-report measures of mood indicated that tile feelings of the unexpressive people were influenced by the expressive people but the expressive people were relatively unlikely to be influenced by the unexpressive people. The findings have implications for the role of nonverbal communication in the emotional side of group interaction. Certain individuals such as tile \"life\" of tile party, tile charismatic politician, and tile terrified patient sitting next to you in the dentist's waiting room seem especially able to communicate their feelings to others. Tile presence of such an individual may, on tile one hand, arouse emotion in those nearby and may incite them to join in collective action such as a panic. On tile other hand, such an expressive person may, if calm, provide reassurance or induce relaxation. Feelings may, in part, be affected by tile moods of others through the process of social comparison (Schachter, 1959). In their pioneering work on emotion, Schachter and Singer (1962) started from Maranon's findings that people injected with","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70552240,"asset_id":53956351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57987472,"first_name":"Ronald","last_name":"Riggio","domain_name":"cmc","page_name":"RRiggio","display_name":"Ronald Riggio","profile_url":"https://cmc.academia.edu/RRiggio?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57987472/15213922/15892925/s65_ronald.riggio.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":11832,"name":"Nonverbal Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonverbal_Communication?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":19601,"name":"Nonverbal Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nonverbal_Behavior?f_ri=9582"},{"id":21747,"name":"Experimental Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Design?f_ri=9582"},{"id":420676,"name":"Group Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_Interaction?f_ri=9582"},{"id":965088,"name":"Individual Difference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individual_Difference?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_23930394" data-work_id="23930394" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/23930394/MapDesign_1_PDF">MapDesign (1).PDF</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/23930394" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f378a972897430256465bb9dd8d64359" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44317335,"asset_id":23930394,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44317335/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="46229671" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ZephaNgoye">Zepha Ngoye</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="46229671" type="text/json">{"id":46229671,"first_name":"Zepha","last_name":"Ngoye","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ZephaNgoye","display_name":"Zepha Ngoye","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ZephaNgoye?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_23930394 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="23930394"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 23930394, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_23930394", }); 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We compared female students who had previously attended single sex... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6926339" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study sought to examine the effect of high school gender composition on eating disorder symptomatology and attitudes of female Australian university students. We compared female students who had previously attended single sex (n = 52) or coeducational (n = 43) high schools on measures of eating disorder symptomatology, role concerns, figure preference and social comparison so as to examine the effect of high school gender composition on these measures. Importantly, the groups compared here were not significantly different in age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, or whether they had previously sought advice about their weight. Contrary to predictions based on previous research, there were no significant differences between the groups on eating disorder symptomatology, role concern, or social comparison measures. However, students who had previously attended single sex schools endorsed significantly thinner figure preferences overall, suggesting that school environment was an important cultural factor in the development of aspiration towards a thin idea. Additionally, both groups perceived their current figure to be larger than the figure they perceived as most attractive. Our findings provide mixed support for the notion that high school gender composition impacted on the eating-related behaviour and attitudes of university students. Methodological differences that may account for the discrepancies between the findings of the current study and those of earlier work are discussed. Further research including longitudinal studies that employ larger sample sizes is required to clarify these findings.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6926339" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="214f2192a77c1099404545ecc55691fb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48665100,"asset_id":6926339,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48665100/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="11678235" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/ZoeDavey">Zoe Davey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="11678235" type="text/json">{"id":11678235,"first_name":"Zoe","last_name":"Davey","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"ZoeDavey","display_name":"Zoe Davey","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/ZoeDavey?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6926339 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6926339"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6926339, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6926339", }); 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We compared female students who had previously attended single sex (n = 52) or coeducational (n = 43) high schools on measures of eating disorder symptomatology, role concerns, figure preference and social comparison so as to examine the effect of high school gender composition on these measures. Importantly, the groups compared here were not significantly different in age, body mass index, socioeconomic status, or whether they had previously sought advice about their weight. Contrary to predictions based on previous research, there were no significant differences between the groups on eating disorder symptomatology, role concern, or social comparison measures. However, students who had previously attended single sex schools endorsed significantly thinner figure preferences overall, suggesting that school environment was an important cultural factor in the development of aspiration towards a thin idea. Additionally, both groups perceived their current figure to be larger than the figure they perceived as most attractive. Our findings provide mixed support for the notion that high school gender composition impacted on the eating-related behaviour and attitudes of university students. Methodological differences that may account for the discrepancies between the findings of the current study and those of earlier work are discussed. Further research including longitudinal studies that employ larger sample sizes is required to clarify these findings.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48665100,"asset_id":6926339,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11678235,"first_name":"Zoe","last_name":"Davey","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"ZoeDavey","display_name":"Zoe Davey","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/ZoeDavey?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":85930,"name":"High School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_School?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":196189,"name":"Sample Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sample_Size?f_ri=9582"},{"id":226330,"name":"Socioeconomic Status","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socioeconomic_Status?f_ri=9582"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=9582"},{"id":414843,"name":"Longitudinal Study","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Longitudinal_Study?f_ri=9582"},{"id":578336,"name":"Eating Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eating_Disorder?f_ri=9582"},{"id":588327,"name":"Sex Roles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Roles?f_ri=9582"},{"id":713079,"name":"University Student","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/University_Student?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12192605" data-work_id="12192605" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12192605/Increasing_exergame_physical_activity_through_self_and_opponent_avatar_appearance">Increasing exergame physical activity through self and opponent avatar appearance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We investigated how manipulating self and opponent avatar weight (normal vs. obese) affected people's physical activity in real life as they played an exergame. While playing virtual tennis, female players operating a normal weight self... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12192605" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We investigated how manipulating self and opponent avatar weight (normal vs. obese) affected people's physical activity in real life as they played an exergame. While playing virtual tennis, female players operating a normal weight self avatar were more physically active relative to those using an obese self avatar. Participants physically exerted themselves the most when both self and opponent had normal weight avatars, implying increased physical activity when self and opponent avatars look equally fit. The study also identified conditions that discouraged physical activity (e.g., normal weight self avatar vs. an obese opponent). The findings were congruent with priming and social comparison models, and illustrated how virtual social cues can be leveraged to influence health behaviors via exergames.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12192605" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ee73d7a80ea1a7f376e39f82717586db" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46308507,"asset_id":12192605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46308507/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="30647558" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EuniceKim10">Eunice Kim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="30647558" type="text/json">{"id":30647558,"first_name":"Eunice","last_name":"Kim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EuniceKim10","display_name":"Eunice Kim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EuniceKim10?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12192605 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12192605"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12192605, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12192605", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12192605]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12192605").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12192605").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12192605"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="37" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems">Information Systems</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="37" type="text/json">{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3851" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity">Obesity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3851" type="text/json">{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12192605]'), work: {"id":12192605,"title":"Increasing exergame physical activity through self and opponent avatar appearance","created_at":"2015-05-02T13:03:40.483-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12192605/Increasing_exergame_physical_activity_through_self_and_opponent_avatar_appearance?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_12192605","summary":"We investigated how manipulating self and opponent avatar weight (normal vs. obese) affected people's physical activity in real life as they played an exergame. While playing virtual tennis, female players operating a normal weight self avatar were more physically active relative to those using an obese self avatar. Participants physically exerted themselves the most when both self and opponent had normal weight avatars, implying increased physical activity when self and opponent avatars look equally fit. The study also identified conditions that discouraged physical activity (e.g., normal weight self avatar vs. an obese opponent). The findings were congruent with priming and social comparison models, and illustrated how virtual social cues can be leveraged to influence health behaviors via exergames.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46308507,"asset_id":12192605,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":30647558,"first_name":"Eunice","last_name":"Kim","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EuniceKim10","display_name":"Eunice Kim","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EuniceKim10?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":37,"name":"Information Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Systems?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":3851,"name":"Obesity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Obesity?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9112,"name":"Physical Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Activity?f_ri=9582"},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582"},{"id":22220,"name":"Priming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Priming?f_ri=9582"},{"id":161032,"name":"Avatars","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Avatars?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1011475,"name":"Computers In Human Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computers_In_Human_Behavior?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1426837,"name":"Proteus Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proteus_Effect?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20166970 coauthored" data-work_id="20166970" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20166970/Eating_disorder_behaviors_and_depression_a_minimal_relationship_beyond_social_comparison_self_esteem_and_body_dissatisfaction">Eating disorder behaviors and depression: a minimal relationship beyond social comparison, self-esteem, and body dissatisfaction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Existing literature fails to comprehensively identify factors contributing to the comorbid relationship between eating disorder (ED) behaviors and unipolar depression. Maladaptive social comparison, body dissatisfaction, and low... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20166970" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Existing literature fails to comprehensively identify factors contributing to the comorbid relationship between eating disorder (ED) behaviors and unipolar depression. Maladaptive social comparison, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem are disruptive psychological patterns common to both constructs. It is unclear whether a unique relationship exists between depression and eating disorder behaviors beyond the effects exerted by this negative cognitive triad. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether a unique relationship exists between depression and ED behaviors after controlling for maladaptive social comparison, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem. We predict minimal unique variance in ED behaviors will be explained by depression after controlling for this negative cognitive triad. & 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 989-999, 2009.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20166970" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="55a69a098f9a4889e55fae081659222d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41983260,"asset_id":20166970,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41983260/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41285502" href="https://csuohio.academia.edu/KellyYuHsinLiao">Kelly Yu-Hsin Liao</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41285502" type="text/json">{"id":41285502,"first_name":"Kelly Yu-Hsin","last_name":"Liao","domain_name":"csuohio","page_name":"KellyYuHsinLiao","display_name":"Kelly Yu-Hsin Liao","profile_url":"https://csuohio.academia.edu/KellyYuHsinLiao?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-20166970">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-20166970"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/MelindaGreen">Melinda Green</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://westminstercollege.academia.edu/ChristopherDavids">Christopher Davids</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-20166970'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-20166970').html(); 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Maladaptive social comparison, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem are disruptive psychological patterns common to both constructs. It is unclear whether a unique relationship exists between depression and eating disorder behaviors beyond the effects exerted by this negative cognitive triad. The purpose of the present study is to examine whether a unique relationship exists between depression and ED behaviors after controlling for maladaptive social comparison, body dissatisfaction, and low self-esteem. We predict minimal unique variance in ED behaviors will be explained by depression after controlling for this negative cognitive triad. \u0026 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 65: 989-999, 2009.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41983260,"asset_id":20166970,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41285502,"first_name":"Kelly Yu-Hsin","last_name":"Liao","domain_name":"csuohio","page_name":"KellyYuHsinLiao","display_name":"Kelly Yu-Hsin Liao","profile_url":"https://csuohio.academia.edu/KellyYuHsinLiao?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":41473064,"first_name":"Melinda","last_name":"Green","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MelindaGreen","display_name":"Melinda Green","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MelindaGreen?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":38466901,"first_name":"Christopher","last_name":"Davids","domain_name":"westminstercollege","page_name":"ChristopherDavids","display_name":"Christopher Davids","profile_url":"https://westminstercollege.academia.edu/ChristopherDavids?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38466901/11241092/12643786/s65_christopher.davids.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":226,"name":"Clinical Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":4160,"name":"Eating Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eating_Disorders?f_ri=9582"},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582"},{"id":12693,"name":"Body Image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Image?f_ri=9582"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=9582"},{"id":94091,"name":"Body dissatisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_dissatisfaction?f_ri=9582"},{"id":99708,"name":"Clinical","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical?f_ri=9582"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=9582"},{"id":321147,"name":"Self Concept","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Concept?f_ri=9582"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=9582"},{"id":578336,"name":"Eating Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eating_Disorder?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1419742,"name":"Self Esteem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Esteem?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14278072" data-work_id="14278072" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14278072/Batman_to_the_rescue_The_protective_effects_of_parasocial_relationships_with_muscular_superheroes_on_mens_body_image">Batman to the rescue! The protective effects of parasocial relationships with muscular superheroes on men's body image</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">► This study examined the effects of superheroes on men's body image, with PSR status as a moderator. ► Exposure to a muscular non-PSR superhero made men feel bad about their bodies. ► Exposure to a muscular PSR superhero was not harmful... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14278072" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">► This study examined the effects of superheroes on men's body image, with PSR status as a moderator. ► Exposure to a muscular non-PSR superhero made men feel bad about their bodies. ► Exposure to a muscular PSR superhero was not harmful and increased men's strength. ► Thus, the effects of muscular superheroes on men's body image depend on PSR status.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14278072" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="81799e5469cd53f3096eb4a212d86ed5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44364037,"asset_id":14278072,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44364037/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33243924" href="https://callutheran.academia.edu/ArianaYoung">Ariana Young</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33243924" type="text/json">{"id":33243924,"first_name":"Ariana","last_name":"Young","domain_name":"callutheran","page_name":"ArianaYoung","display_name":"Ariana Young","profile_url":"https://callutheran.academia.edu/ArianaYoung?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14278072 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14278072"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14278072, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14278072", }); 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The protective effects of parasocial relationships with muscular superheroes on men's body image","created_at":"2015-07-21T23:13:47.887-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14278072/Batman_to_the_rescue_The_protective_effects_of_parasocial_relationships_with_muscular_superheroes_on_mens_body_image?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_14278072","summary":"► This study examined the effects of superheroes on men's body image, with PSR status as a moderator. ► Exposure to a muscular non-PSR superhero made men feel bad about their bodies. ► Exposure to a muscular PSR superhero was not harmful and increased men's strength. ► Thus, the effects of muscular superheroes on men's body image depend on PSR status.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44364037,"asset_id":14278072,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33243924,"first_name":"Ariana","last_name":"Young","domain_name":"callutheran","page_name":"ArianaYoung","display_name":"Ariana Young","profile_url":"https://callutheran.academia.edu/ArianaYoung?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":4626,"name":"Social Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Cognition?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":1218458,"name":"Experimental Social Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Social_Psychology?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17415968" data-work_id="17415968" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17415968/Psychological_Mechanisms_Underlying_the_Kohler_Motivation_Gain">Psychological Mechanisms Underlying the Kohler Motivation Gain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17415968" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="307a3964e893796f1b2c98490b2399c8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39495267,"asset_id":17415968,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39495267/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37142889" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertLount">Robert Lount</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37142889" 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$(".js-view-count-work_17415968").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17415968"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive 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Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":2672,"name":"Personality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":19988,"name":"Group Processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Group_Processes?f_ri=9582"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=9582"},{"id":23076,"name":"Fatigue","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fatigue?f_ri=9582"},{"id":25895,"name":"Social Identification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Identification?f_ri=9582"},{"id":30181,"name":"Gender Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Identity?f_ri=9582"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=9582"},{"id":130735,"name":"Weight Lifting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Weight_Lifting?f_ri=9582"},{"id":144259,"name":"Goals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Goals?f_ri=9582"},{"id":268784,"name":"Physical Fitness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Fitness?f_ri=9582"},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=9582"},{"id":598602,"name":"Psychological Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Theory?f_ri=9582"},{"id":631573,"name":"Social Facilitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Facilitation?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1153482,"name":"Cooperative Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperative_Behavior?f_ri=9582"},{"id":2183225,"name":"Physical Endurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Endurance?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1283932" data-work_id="1283932" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1283932/Stigmatisering_van_psychiatrische_cli%C3%ABnten_de_invloed_van_sociale_vergelijking_op_de_zelfwaardering">Stigmatisering van psychiatrische cliënten: de invloed van sociale vergelijking op de zelfwaardering</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Psychiatric clients belong to one of the most stigmatized groups in our society. Stigmatization may have serious consequences for psychiatric clients' self-esteem. This study investigated the impact of perceived stigmatization on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1283932" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Psychiatric clients belong to one of the most stigmatized groups in our society. Stigmatization may have serious consequences for psychiatric clients' self-esteem. This study investigated the impact of perceived stigmatization on self-esteem of psychiatric clients and examined if social comparison moderates this relationship. Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire (CESQ), Rosenberg self-esteem scale, measures of upward and downward social comparison and general background questions were completed by 139 psychiatric clients. A trend toward a main effect of perceived stigmatization on self-esteem was found. Downward social comparison had a direct positive impact on selfesteem, whereas upward social comparison had a negative impact. Downward social comparison did moderate the relationship between perceived stigmatization on self-esteem, whereas upward social comparison did not.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1283932" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e679cdf7693eec35e40d59243ca6a5cc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51043121,"asset_id":1283932,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51043121/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1150729" href="https://ou-nl.academia.edu/CatherineBolman">Catherine Bolman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1150729" type="text/json">{"id":1150729,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Bolman","domain_name":"ou-nl","page_name":"CatherineBolman","display_name":"Catherine Bolman","profile_url":"https://ou-nl.academia.edu/CatherineBolman?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1150729/416414/511973/s65_catherine.bolman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1283932 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1283932"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1283932, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1283932", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1283932 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1283932; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1283932"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1283932 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1283932"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1283932; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1283932]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1283932").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1283932").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1283932"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1380929" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rosenberg_Self-esteem_Scale">Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1380929" type="text/json">{"id":1380929,"name":"Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rosenberg_Self-esteem_Scale?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1419742" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Esteem">Self Esteem</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1419742" type="text/json">{"id":1419742,"name":"Self Esteem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Esteem?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1283932]'), work: {"id":1283932,"title":"Stigmatisering van psychiatrische cliënten: de invloed van sociale vergelijking op de zelfwaardering","created_at":"2012-01-24T15:32:45.567-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1283932/Stigmatisering_van_psychiatrische_cli%C3%ABnten_de_invloed_van_sociale_vergelijking_op_de_zelfwaardering?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_1283932","summary":"Psychiatric clients belong to one of the most stigmatized groups in our society. Stigmatization may have serious consequences for psychiatric clients' self-esteem. This study investigated the impact of perceived stigmatization on self-esteem of psychiatric clients and examined if social comparison moderates this relationship. Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire (CESQ), Rosenberg self-esteem scale, measures of upward and downward social comparison and general background questions were completed by 139 psychiatric clients. A trend toward a main effect of perceived stigmatization on self-esteem was found. Downward social comparison had a direct positive impact on selfesteem, whereas upward social comparison had a negative impact. Downward social comparison did moderate the relationship between perceived stigmatization on self-esteem, whereas upward social comparison did not.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51043121,"asset_id":1283932,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1150729,"first_name":"Catherine","last_name":"Bolman","domain_name":"ou-nl","page_name":"CatherineBolman","display_name":"Catherine Bolman","profile_url":"https://ou-nl.academia.edu/CatherineBolman?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1150729/416414/511973/s65_catherine.bolman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":1380929,"name":"Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rosenberg_Self-esteem_Scale?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":1419742,"name":"Self Esteem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Esteem?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_38173551" data-work_id="38173551" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38173551/Schiocchet_Leonardo_2018_Critique_Comparison_Suffering_and_the_Middle_East_Prace_Etnograficzne_tom_46_z_2_s">Schiocchet, Leonardo. 2018. Critique , Comparison, Suffering and the Middle East. Prace Etnograficzne, tom 46, z. 2, s.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper recapitulates two influential JRAI articles to discuss comparison in anthropology. Charles Lindholm's 1995 article criticized the then new, now well-established, trend in Middle East ethnography for its radical emphasis on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_38173551" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper recapitulates two influential JRAI articles to discuss comparison in anthropology. Charles Lindholm's 1995 article criticized the then new, now well-established, trend in Middle East ethnography for its radical emphasis on particularism and lack of theorization, driven by fears of de-humanizing subjects. In turn, Joel Robbins's 2013 article proposed an "anthropology of the good" as a substitute to the particularism of the anthropology of the "suffering subject". This would reinstate the notion of cultural diversity and its comparative vocation as touchstones of contemporary anthropology. Connecting these articles is a discussion of Middle East and Palestine ethnography's major shift in the 1970's to an anthropology of suffering reflected in anthropology at large. The conclusion is that suffering, just as comparison, must be qualified. Thus, qualified comparison must be the foundation to anthropological critiques of Western reason as much as it is to classical cultural critique.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/38173551" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f2564addd73f65c880e1eb1e7c34ecf5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60214681,"asset_id":38173551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60214681/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4907052" href="https://cuni.academia.edu/LeonardoSchiocchet">Leonardo Schiocchet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4907052" type="text/json">{"id":4907052,"first_name":"Leonardo","last_name":"Schiocchet","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"LeonardoSchiocchet","display_name":"Leonardo Schiocchet","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/LeonardoSchiocchet?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4907052/2328362/138967761/s65_leonardo.schiocchet.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_38173551 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="38173551"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 38173551, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_38173551", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=38173551]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_38173551").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_38173551").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="38173551"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="954" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology">Social Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="954" type="text/json">{"id":954,"name":"Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2015" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies">Middle East Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2015" type="text/json">{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2016" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa">Middle East & North Africa</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2016" type="text/json">{"id":2016,"name":"Middle East \u0026 North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=38173551]'), work: {"id":38173551,"title":"Schiocchet, Leonardo. 2018. Critique , Comparison, Suffering and the Middle East. Prace Etnograficzne, tom 46, z. 2, s.","created_at":"2019-01-18T02:14:06.178-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/38173551/Schiocchet_Leonardo_2018_Critique_Comparison_Suffering_and_the_Middle_East_Prace_Etnograficzne_tom_46_z_2_s?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_38173551","summary":"This paper recapitulates two influential JRAI articles to discuss comparison in anthropology. Charles Lindholm's 1995 article criticized the then new, now well-established, trend in Middle East ethnography for its radical emphasis on particularism and lack of theorization, driven by fears of de-humanizing subjects. In turn, Joel Robbins's 2013 article proposed an \"anthropology of the good\" as a substitute to the particularism of the anthropology of the \"suffering subject\". This would reinstate the notion of cultural diversity and its comparative vocation as touchstones of contemporary anthropology. Connecting these articles is a discussion of Middle East and Palestine ethnography's major shift in the 1970's to an anthropology of suffering reflected in anthropology at large. The conclusion is that suffering, just as comparison, must be qualified. Thus, qualified comparison must be the foundation to anthropological critiques of Western reason as much as it is to classical cultural critique.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60214681,"asset_id":38173551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":58209079,"asset_id":38173551,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4907052,"first_name":"Leonardo","last_name":"Schiocchet","domain_name":"cuni","page_name":"LeonardoSchiocchet","display_name":"Leonardo Schiocchet","profile_url":"https://cuni.academia.edu/LeonardoSchiocchet?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4907052/2328362/138967761/s65_leonardo.schiocchet.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":954,"name":"Social Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Anthropology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":2015,"name":"Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":2016,"name":"Middle East \u0026 North Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_and_North_Africa?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=9582"},{"id":4474,"name":"Critical Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Thinking?f_ri=9582"},{"id":8700,"name":"Turkish and Middle East Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Turkish_and_Middle_East_Studies?f_ri=9582"},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582"},{"id":12809,"name":"Middle Eastern Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Eastern_Studies?f_ri=9582"},{"id":18623,"name":"Middle East Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East_Politics?f_ri=9582"},{"id":18995,"name":"Critique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique?f_ri=9582"},{"id":23342,"name":"Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=9582"},{"id":25476,"name":"Philosophy of Human Suffering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Human_Suffering?f_ri=9582"},{"id":43520,"name":"Middle East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_East?f_ri=9582"},{"id":50587,"name":"Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparison?f_ri=9582"},{"id":152553,"name":"Comparative Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Analysis?f_ri=9582"},{"id":169698,"name":"Social Suffering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Suffering?f_ri=9582"},{"id":180502,"name":"Suffering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suffering?f_ri=9582"},{"id":383222,"name":"Historical and Comparative Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_and_Comparative_Sociology?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_56819747" data-work_id="56819747" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/56819747/The_effects_of_praise_on_childrens_intrinsic_motivation_A_review_and_synthesis">The effects of praise on children's intrinsic motivation: A review and synthesis</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The authors argue against a purely behavioral definition of praise as verbal reinforcement in favor of the view that praise may serve to undermine, enhance, or have no effect on children's intrinsic motivation, depending on a set of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_56819747" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The authors argue against a purely behavioral definition of praise as verbal reinforcement in favor of the view that praise may serve to undermine, enhance, or have no effect on children's intrinsic motivation, depending on a set of conceptual variables. Provided that praise is perceived as sincere, it is particularly beneficial to motivation when it encourages performance attributions to controllable causes, promotes autonomy, enhances competence without an overreliance on social comparisons, and conveys attainable standards and expectations. The motivational consequences of praise also can be moderated by characteristics of the recipient, such as age, gender, and culture. Methodological considerations, such as including appropriate control groups and measuring postfailure outcomes, are stressed, and directions for future research are highlighted. Praise, like penicillin, must not be administered haphazardly. There are rules and cautions that govern the handling of potent medicinesrules about timing and dosage, cautions about possible allergic reactions. There are similar regulations about the administration of emotional medicine. (H. Ginott, 1965, p. 39</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/56819747" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="38a1e9b734d831b3a0e3e5c7c17120e1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72018804,"asset_id":56819747,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72018804/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33375731" href="https://stanford.academia.edu/MarkLepper">Mark Lepper</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33375731" type="text/json">{"id":33375731,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Lepper","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"MarkLepper","display_name":"Mark Lepper","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/MarkLepper?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33375731/135620217/125066688/s65_mark.lepper.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_56819747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="56819747"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 56819747, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_56819747", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_56819747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56819747; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_56819747"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_56819747 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="56819747"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 56819747; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=56819747]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_56819747").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_56819747").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="56819747"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7125" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture">Culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7125" type="text/json">{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=56819747]'), work: {"id":56819747,"title":"The effects of praise on children's intrinsic motivation: A review and synthesis","created_at":"2021-10-09T11:24:41.493-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/56819747/The_effects_of_praise_on_childrens_intrinsic_motivation_A_review_and_synthesis?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_56819747","summary":"The authors argue against a purely behavioral definition of praise as verbal reinforcement in favor of the view that praise may serve to undermine, enhance, or have no effect on children's intrinsic motivation, depending on a set of conceptual variables. Provided that praise is perceived as sincere, it is particularly beneficial to motivation when it encourages performance attributions to controllable causes, promotes autonomy, enhances competence without an overreliance on social comparisons, and conveys attainable standards and expectations. The motivational consequences of praise also can be moderated by characteristics of the recipient, such as age, gender, and culture. Methodological considerations, such as including appropriate control groups and measuring postfailure outcomes, are stressed, and directions for future research are highlighted. Praise, like penicillin, must not be administered haphazardly. There are rules and cautions that govern the handling of potent medicinesrules about timing and dosage, cautions about possible allergic reactions. There are similar regulations about the administration of emotional medicine. (H. Ginott, 1965, p. 39","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72018804,"asset_id":56819747,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33375731,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Lepper","domain_name":"stanford","page_name":"MarkLepper","display_name":"Mark Lepper","profile_url":"https://stanford.academia.edu/MarkLepper?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33375731/135620217/125066688/s65_mark.lepper.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582"},{"id":23986,"name":"Intrinsic motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intrinsic_motivation?f_ri=9582"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=9582"},{"id":50581,"name":"Self Efficacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Efficacy?f_ri=9582"},{"id":57810,"name":"Child Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Behavior?f_ri=9582"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1631043,"name":"Control Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Control_Group?f_ri=9582"},{"id":3611847,"name":"reinforcement psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/reinforcement_psychology?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25240515" data-work_id="25240515" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25240515/Comparing_Aspiration_Models_The_Role_of_Selective_Attention">Comparing Aspiration Models: The Role of Selective Attention</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Scholars have used various models of organizational aspirations where aspirations depend on prior performance and the performance of comparable firms. We extend the models to incorporate selective attention. Using direct aspiration... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25240515" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Scholars have used various models of organizational aspirations where aspirations depend on prior performance and the performance of comparable firms. We extend the models to incorporate selective attention. Using direct aspiration measures on sales performance in an automotive manufacturer, we find selective attention influences aspiration levels.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25240515" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e3de939abe31e3774f7bcb825be34e3f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45546951,"asset_id":25240515,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45546951/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48465038" href="https://uci.academia.edu/PhilipBromiley">Philip Bromiley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48465038" type="text/json">{"id":48465038,"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Bromiley","domain_name":"uci","page_name":"PhilipBromiley","display_name":"Philip Bromiley","profile_url":"https://uci.academia.edu/PhilipBromiley?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25240515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25240515"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25240515, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25240515", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25240515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25240515; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25240515"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25240515 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25240515"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25240515; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25240515]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25240515").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25240515").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25240515"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="39" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing">Marketing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="39" type="text/json">{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1680" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selective_Attention">Selective Attention</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1680" type="text/json">{"id":1680,"name":"Selective Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selective_Attention?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8645" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_the_Firm">Theory of the Firm</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8645" type="text/json">{"id":8645,"name":"Theory of the Firm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_the_Firm?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25240515]'), work: {"id":25240515,"title":"Comparing Aspiration Models: The Role of Selective Attention","created_at":"2016-05-11T10:51:15.202-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25240515/Comparing_Aspiration_Models_The_Role_of_Selective_Attention?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_25240515","summary":"Scholars have used various models of organizational aspirations where aspirations depend on prior performance and the performance of comparable firms. We extend the models to incorporate selective attention. Using direct aspiration measures on sales performance in an automotive manufacturer, we find selective attention influences aspiration levels.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45546951,"asset_id":25240515,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48465038,"first_name":"Philip","last_name":"Bromiley","domain_name":"uci","page_name":"PhilipBromiley","display_name":"Philip Bromiley","profile_url":"https://uci.academia.edu/PhilipBromiley?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":39,"name":"Marketing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketing?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":1680,"name":"Selective Attention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selective_Attention?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":8645,"name":"Theory of the Firm","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_the_Firm?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":39900,"name":"Firm Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Firm_Performance?f_ri=9582"},{"id":73149,"name":"Business and Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_and_Management?f_ri=9582"},{"id":121913,"name":"Management Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Management_Studies?f_ri=9582"},{"id":288876,"name":"Decision making process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Decision_making_process?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1154248,"name":"Theoretical Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theoretical_Model?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1564745,"name":"Aspiration Level","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspiration_Level?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22832937" data-work_id="22832937" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22832937/A_Reverse_Outcome_Bias_The_Influence_of_Multiple_Reference_Points_on_the_Evaluation_of_Outcomes_and_Decisions">A Reverse Outcome Bias: The Influence of Multiple Reference Points on the Evaluation of Outcomes and Decisions</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Two experiments examined the influence of multiple reference points on the evaluation of outcomes and decisions that lead to those outcomes. Norm theory is applied as a conceptual framework for understanding the conditions under which... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22832937" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Two experiments examined the influence of multiple reference points on the evaluation of outcomes and decisions that lead to those outcomes. Norm theory is applied as a conceptual framework for understanding the conditions under which alterative norms may be evoked by the decision context and how they are subsequently used as reference points in the evaluation process. Of primary interest, in these studies, was how an outcome is evaluated when two reference points, the status quo and an evoked alternative, provide conflicting information about the "goodness" of the outcome (the outcome is good from the perspective of the other.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22832937" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d58e1af31d6a6a5dd891ffd8a8fe1b55" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43378524,"asset_id":22832937,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43378524/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="44486322" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidMessick">David Messick</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="44486322" type="text/json">{"id":44486322,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Messick","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidMessick","display_name":"David Messick","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidMessick?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22832937 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22832937"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22832937, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22832937", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22832937]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22832937").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22832937").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22832937"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="140534" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_Framework">Conceptual Framework</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="140534" type="text/json">{"id":140534,"name":"Conceptual Framework","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_Framework?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="679783" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boolean_Satisfiability">Boolean Satisfiability</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="679783" type="text/json">{"id":679783,"name":"Boolean Satisfiability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boolean_Satisfiability?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1224365" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Point">Reference Point</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1224365" type="text/json">{"id":1224365,"name":"Reference Point","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Point?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22832937]'), work: {"id":22832937,"title":"A Reverse Outcome Bias: The Influence of Multiple Reference Points on the Evaluation of Outcomes and Decisions","created_at":"2016-03-04T22:40:39.082-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22832937/A_Reverse_Outcome_Bias_The_Influence_of_Multiple_Reference_Points_on_the_Evaluation_of_Outcomes_and_Decisions?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_22832937","summary":"Two experiments examined the influence of multiple reference points on the evaluation of outcomes and decisions that lead to those outcomes. Norm theory is applied as a conceptual framework for understanding the conditions under which alterative norms may be evoked by the decision context and how they are subsequently used as reference points in the evaluation process. Of primary interest, in these studies, was how an outcome is evaluated when two reference points, the status quo and an evoked alternative, provide conflicting information about the \"goodness\" of the outcome (the outcome is good from the perspective of the other.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43378524,"asset_id":22832937,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":44486322,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Messick","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidMessick","display_name":"David Messick","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidMessick?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":140534,"name":"Conceptual Framework","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_Framework?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":679783,"name":"Boolean Satisfiability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Boolean_Satisfiability?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":1224365,"name":"Reference Point","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Point?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_70472104" data-work_id="70472104" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/70472104/Gossip_as_Social_Comparison">Gossip as Social Comparison</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Gossip allows the participants to obtain needed comparison information in an indirect and painless fashion.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/70472104" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1f613b7d5e74ddde69cf80087fff7d1c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":80211683,"asset_id":70472104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80211683/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="49233931" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JerrySuls">Jerry Suls</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="49233931" type="text/json">{"id":49233931,"first_name":"Jerry","last_name":"Suls","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JerrySuls","display_name":"Jerry Suls","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JerrySuls?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_70472104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="70472104"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 70472104, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_70472104", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_70472104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70472104; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_70472104"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_70472104 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70472104"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70472104; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=70472104]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_70472104").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_70472104").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="70472104"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="859" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication">Communication</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="859" type="text/json">{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="395704" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_and_media_Studies">Communication and media Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="395704" type="text/json">{"id":395704,"name":"Communication and media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_and_media_Studies?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=70472104]'), work: {"id":70472104,"title":"Gossip as Social Comparison","created_at":"2022-02-04T17:55:58.829-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/70472104/Gossip_as_Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_70472104","summary":"Gossip allows the participants to obtain needed comparison information in an indirect and painless fashion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":80211683,"asset_id":70472104,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":49233931,"first_name":"Jerry","last_name":"Suls","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JerrySuls","display_name":"Jerry Suls","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JerrySuls?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":859,"name":"Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":395704,"name":"Communication and media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_and_media_Studies?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_248375" data-work_id="248375" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/248375/Social_Comparison_Individualism_Collectivism_and_Self_Esteem_In_China_and_the_United_States">Social Comparison, Individualism-Collectivism, and Self-Esteem In China and the United States</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/248375" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5628090ca1265433495cc6998b5c88c3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51486797,"asset_id":248375,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51486797/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="179621" href="https://lasierra.academia.edu/PaulMallery">Paul Mallery</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="179621" type="text/json">{"id":179621,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Mallery","domain_name":"lasierra","page_name":"PaulMallery","display_name":"Paul Mallery","profile_url":"https://lasierra.academia.edu/PaulMallery?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/179621/44454/5008295/s65_paul.mallery.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_248375 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="248375"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 248375, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_248375", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_248375 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 248375; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_248375"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_248375 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="248375"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 248375; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=248375]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_248375").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_248375").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="248375"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=248375]'), work: {"id":248375,"title":"Social Comparison, Individualism-Collectivism, and Self-Esteem In China and the United States","created_at":"2010-06-22T02:54:27.013-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/248375/Social_Comparison_Individualism_Collectivism_and_Self_Esteem_In_China_and_the_United_States?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_248375","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51486797,"asset_id":248375,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":179621,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Mallery","domain_name":"lasierra","page_name":"PaulMallery","display_name":"Paul Mallery","profile_url":"https://lasierra.academia.edu/PaulMallery?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/179621/44454/5008295/s65_paul.mallery.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14162637 coauthored" data-work_id="14162637" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14162637/When_people_fall_from_grace_Reconsidering_the_role_of_envy_in_schadenfreude">When people fall from grace: Reconsidering the role of envy in schadenfreude</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Previous research yielded conflicting results concerning the role of envy in predicting Schadenfreude (pleasure at another's misfortune). Some studies showed that envy predicts Schadenfreude, whereas others did not. Results of the present... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14162637" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Previous research yielded conflicting results concerning the role of envy in predicting Schadenfreude (pleasure at another's misfortune). Some studies showed that envy predicts Schadenfreude, whereas others did not. Results of the present research reconcile these opposing findings, by showing that envy is a predictor of Schadenfreude when the target is similar to the observer in terms of gender. These results suggest that envy predicts Schadenfreude when people are confronted with the misfortune of a relevant social comparison other.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14162637" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e4e97938bce1ec1f791dbd5d38aca613" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44551201,"asset_id":14162637,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44551201/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33147882" href="https://unimib.academia.edu/MarcelloGallucci">Marcello Gallucci</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33147882" type="text/json">{"id":33147882,"first_name":"Marcello","last_name":"Gallucci","domain_name":"unimib","page_name":"MarcelloGallucci","display_name":"Marcello Gallucci","profile_url":"https://unimib.academia.edu/MarcelloGallucci?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33147882/9831907/10957266/s65_marcello.gallucci.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-14162637">+2</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-14162637"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/WilcovanDijk">Wilco van Dijk</a></span></div><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://vu-nl.academia.edu/MyrkeNieweg">Myrke Nieweg</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-14162637'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-14162637').html(); 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container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_14162637 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="14162637"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 14162637; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14162637]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14162637").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14162637").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14162637"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion">Emotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="254" type="text/json">{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14162637]'), work: {"id":14162637,"title":"When people fall from grace: Reconsidering the role of envy in schadenfreude","created_at":"2015-07-17T15:51:26.131-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14162637/When_people_fall_from_grace_Reconsidering_the_role_of_envy_in_schadenfreude?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_14162637","summary":"Previous research yielded conflicting results concerning the role of envy in predicting Schadenfreude (pleasure at another's misfortune). Some studies showed that envy predicts Schadenfreude, whereas others did not. Results of the present research reconcile these opposing findings, by showing that envy is a predictor of Schadenfreude when the target is similar to the observer in terms of gender. These results suggest that envy predicts Schadenfreude when people are confronted with the misfortune of a relevant social comparison other.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44551201,"asset_id":14162637,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33147882,"first_name":"Marcello","last_name":"Gallucci","domain_name":"unimib","page_name":"MarcelloGallucci","display_name":"Marcello Gallucci","profile_url":"https://unimib.academia.edu/MarcelloGallucci?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33147882/9831907/10957266/s65_marcello.gallucci.jpg"},{"id":12542859,"first_name":"Wilco","last_name":"van Dijk","domain_name":"leidenuniv","page_name":"WilcovanDijk","display_name":"Wilco van Dijk","profile_url":"https://leidenuniv.academia.edu/WilcovanDijk?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":33203503,"first_name":"Myrke","last_name":"Nieweg","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"MyrkeNieweg","display_name":"Myrke Nieweg","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/MyrkeNieweg?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":42162,"name":"Emotions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotions?f_ri=9582"},{"id":53331,"name":"Social behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_behavior?f_ri=9582"},{"id":123230,"name":"Regression Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Regression_Analysis?f_ri=9582"},{"id":157892,"name":"Netherlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Netherlands?f_ri=9582"},{"id":232402,"name":"Schadenfreude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Schadenfreude?f_ri=9582"},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=9582"},{"id":582257,"name":"Hostility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hostility?f_ri=9582"},{"id":628583,"name":"Social Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Behavior-1?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_14986523" data-work_id="14986523" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/14986523/Body_image_social_comparison_and_eating_disturbance_A_covariance_structure_modeling_investigation">Body image, social comparison, and eating disturbance: A covariance structure modeling investigation</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objective: To evaluate the role of appearance-based social comparison processes as a possible mediational link between developmental factors (negative social feedback, i.e., teasing about appearance; biological status, i.e.,early physical... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14986523" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objective: To evaluate the role of appearance-based social comparison processes as a possible mediational link between developmental factors (negative social feedback, i.e., teasing about appearance; biological status, i.e.,early physical maturation) and levels of body dissatisfaction, eating disturbance, and global psychological functioning. Method: In this study of 173 female undergraduates, covariance structure modeling (CSM) was used to examine direct and mediational relationships among these variables. Results: Appearancebased social comparison mediated the effect of appearance-related teasing on body image and eating disturbance; body image mediated the effect of teasing on eating disturbance; eating disturbance had a direct effect on overall psychological functioning. Discussion: Implications for devising and testing other theoretical models are discussed.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14986523" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b620eddcf383ac71cbc376b9329f0a85" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":43673453,"asset_id":14986523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/43673453/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33982864" href="https://usf.academia.edu/MichaelCoovert">Michael Coovert</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33982864" type="text/json">{"id":33982864,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Coovert","domain_name":"usf","page_name":"MichaelCoovert","display_name":"Michael Coovert","profile_url":"https://usf.academia.edu/MichaelCoovert?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14986523 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14986523"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14986523, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14986523", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=14986523]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_14986523").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_14986523").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="14986523"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4160" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eating_Disorders">Eating Disorders</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4160" type="text/json">{"id":4160,"name":"Eating Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eating_Disorders?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12693" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Image">Body Image</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="12693" type="text/json">{"id":12693,"name":"Body Image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Image?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18440" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Perception">Social Perception</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18440" type="text/json">{"id":18440,"name":"Social Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Perception?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=14986523]'), work: {"id":14986523,"title":"Body image, social comparison, and eating disturbance: A covariance structure modeling investigation","created_at":"2015-08-17T09:46:54.104-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14986523/Body_image_social_comparison_and_eating_disturbance_A_covariance_structure_modeling_investigation?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_14986523","summary":"Objective: To evaluate the role of appearance-based social comparison processes as a possible mediational link between developmental factors (negative social feedback, i.e., teasing about appearance; biological status, i.e.,early physical maturation) and levels of body dissatisfaction, eating disturbance, and global psychological functioning. Method: In this study of 173 female undergraduates, covariance structure modeling (CSM) was used to examine direct and mediational relationships among these variables. Results: Appearancebased social comparison mediated the effect of appearance-related teasing on body image and eating disturbance; body image mediated the effect of teasing on eating disturbance; eating disturbance had a direct effect on overall psychological functioning. Discussion: Implications for devising and testing other theoretical models are discussed.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":43673453,"asset_id":14986523,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33982864,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Coovert","domain_name":"usf","page_name":"MichaelCoovert","display_name":"Michael Coovert","profile_url":"https://usf.academia.edu/MichaelCoovert?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4160,"name":"Eating Disorders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eating_Disorders?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":12693,"name":"Body Image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Image?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":18440,"name":"Social Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Perception?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=9582"},{"id":218820,"name":"Eating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eating?f_ri=9582"},{"id":321147,"name":"Self Concept","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Concept?f_ri=9582"},{"id":327850,"name":"Questionnaires","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Questionnaires?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1084307" data-work_id="1084307" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1084307/Comparing_Processes_Media_Transitions_and_Historical_Change">Comparing Processes: Media, 'Transitions,' and Historical Change</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1084307" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b401eee80d0f81a9d4171d5197bf10e3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":15260637,"asset_id":1084307,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/15260637/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="936683" href="https://ucsd.academia.edu/NataliaRoudakova">Natalia Roudakova</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="936683" type="text/json">{"id":936683,"first_name":"Natalia","last_name":"Roudakova","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"NataliaRoudakova","display_name":"Natalia Roudakova","profile_url":"https://ucsd.academia.edu/NataliaRoudakova?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/936683/350173/416605/s65_natalia.roudakova.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1084307 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1084307"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1084307, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1084307", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1084307 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1084307; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1084307"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1084307 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1084307"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1084307; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1084307]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1084307").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1084307").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1084307"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2821" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/States">States</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2821" type="text/json">{"id":2821,"name":"States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/States?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7391" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_media">Russian media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7391" type="text/json">{"id":7391,"name":"Russian media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_media?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11969" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Venezuela">Venezuela</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11969" type="text/json">{"id":11969,"name":"Venezuela","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Venezuela?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1084307]'), work: {"id":1084307,"title":"Comparing Processes: Media, 'Transitions,' and Historical Change","created_at":"2011-11-12T06:09:58.393-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1084307/Comparing_Processes_Media_Transitions_and_Historical_Change?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_1084307","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":15260637,"asset_id":1084307,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":936683,"first_name":"Natalia","last_name":"Roudakova","domain_name":"ucsd","page_name":"NataliaRoudakova","display_name":"Natalia Roudakova","profile_url":"https://ucsd.academia.edu/NataliaRoudakova?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/936683/350173/416605/s65_natalia.roudakova.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2821,"name":"States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/States?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":7391,"name":"Russian media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_media?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":11969,"name":"Venezuela","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Venezuela?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=9582"},{"id":17534,"name":"Comparative Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Media_Studies?f_ri=9582"},{"id":65099,"name":"Political Transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Transformation?f_ri=9582"},{"id":68016,"name":"Role of media in social change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Role_of_media_in_social_change?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3089371" data-work_id="3089371" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3089371/Social_Comparison_at_Work_The_Role_of_Culture_Type_of_Organization_and_Gender">Social Comparison at Work: The Role of Culture, Type of Organization and Gender</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present studyexamined social comparisons among employees in Spain (Study 1) and The Netherlands (Study 2). Especially in Spain, and less so in The Netherlands, we expected differences in social comparison frequency, comparison... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3089371" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present studyexamined social comparisons among employees in Spain (Study 1) and The Netherlands (Study 2). Especially in Spain, and less so in The Netherlands, we expected differences in social comparison frequency, comparison dimensions (inputs versus outcomes), and comparison targets (men versus women) between employees from public and private organizations as well as between men and women. In Spain, workers in private organizations were found to compare themselves more often than workers in public organizations, and tomore often compare their inputs with others than workers from public organizations. In contrast,workers from public organizations, and especially women, compared their outcomes more often with others. Especially women in private organizations compared themselves with women as well as with men.In The Netherlands such differences were absent, or less pronounced. The results suggest that social comparisons are significantly affected by national culture, type of organization and gender.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3089371" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6ea65b61d73621f648a267decf3c27b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31015765,"asset_id":3089371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31015765/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3551761" href="https://uv.academia.edu/CarmenCarmonaRodr%C3%ADguez">Carmen Carmona Rodríguez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3551761" type="text/json">{"id":3551761,"first_name":"Carmen","last_name":"Carmona Rodríguez","domain_name":"uv","page_name":"CarmenCarmonaRodríguez","display_name":"Carmen Carmona Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://uv.academia.edu/CarmenCarmonaRodr%C3%ADguez?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3551761/1225935/2131548/s65_carmen.carmona_rodr_guez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3089371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3089371"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3089371, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3089371", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3089371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3089371; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3089371"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3089371 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3089371"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3089371; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3089371]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3089371").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3089371").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3089371"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7125" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture">Culture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7125" type="text/json">{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="87035" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizations">Organizations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="87035" type="text/json">{"id":87035,"name":"Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizations?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="93392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Cultural_Communication">Cross Cultural Communication</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="93392" type="text/json">{"id":93392,"name":"Cross Cultural Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Cultural_Communication?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3089371]'), work: {"id":3089371,"title":"Social Comparison at Work: The Role of Culture, Type of Organization and Gender","created_at":"2013-03-23T10:47:24.670-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3089371/Social_Comparison_at_Work_The_Role_of_Culture_Type_of_Organization_and_Gender?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_3089371","summary":"The present studyexamined social comparisons among employees in Spain (Study 1) and The Netherlands (Study 2). Especially in Spain, and less so in The Netherlands, we expected differences in social comparison frequency, comparison dimensions (inputs versus outcomes), and comparison targets (men versus women) between employees from public and private organizations as well as between men and women. In Spain, workers in private organizations were found to compare themselves more often than workers in public organizations, and tomore often compare their inputs with others than workers from public organizations. In contrast,workers from public organizations, and especially women, compared their outcomes more often with others. Especially women in private organizations compared themselves with women as well as with men.In The Netherlands such differences were absent, or less pronounced. The results suggest that social comparisons are significantly affected by national culture, type of organization and gender.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31015765,"asset_id":3089371,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3551761,"first_name":"Carmen","last_name":"Carmona Rodríguez","domain_name":"uv","page_name":"CarmenCarmonaRodríguez","display_name":"Carmen Carmona Rodríguez","profile_url":"https://uv.academia.edu/CarmenCarmonaRodr%C3%ADguez?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3551761/1225935/2131548/s65_carmen.carmona_rodr_guez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":87035,"name":"Organizations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizations?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":93392,"name":"Cross Cultural Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Cultural_Communication?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":467939,"name":"Cross Cultural","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Cultural?f_ri=9582"},{"id":580359,"name":"Organisations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organisations?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10618829" data-work_id="10618829" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10618829/Self_presentation_and_gender_on_MySpace">Self-presentation and gender on MySpace</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Within the cultural context of MySpace, this study explores the ways emerging adults experience social networking. Through focus group methodology, the role of virtual peer interaction in the development of personal, social, and gender... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10618829" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Within the cultural context of MySpace, this study explores the ways emerging adults experience social networking. Through focus group methodology, the role of virtual peer interaction in the development of personal, social, and gender identities was investigated. Findings suggest that college students utilize MySpace for identity exploration, engaging in social comparison and expressing idealized aspects of the selves they wish to become. The public nature of self and relationship displays introduce feedback mechanisms by which emerging adults can legitimize images as associated with the self. Also, male-female differences in self-presentation parallel, and possibly intensify, gender norms offline. Our study suggests that social networking sites provide valuable opportunities for emerging adults to realize possible selves; however, increased pressure for female sexual objectification and intensified social comparison may also negatively impact identity development. A balanced view, presenting both opportunities and drawbacks, should be encouraged in policies regarding youth participation in social networking sites.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10618829" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1efa4a72d3e0d7a0897237a2b8018521" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":36788451,"asset_id":10618829,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/36788451/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="25966755" href="https://ucsc.academia.edu/AdrianaManago">Adriana Manago</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="25966755" type="text/json">{"id":25966755,"first_name":"Adriana","last_name":"Manago","domain_name":"ucsc","page_name":"AdrianaManago","display_name":"Adriana Manago","profile_url":"https://ucsc.academia.edu/AdrianaManago?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10618829 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10618829"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10618829, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10618829", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10618829 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10618829; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10618829"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10618829 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10618829"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10618829; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10618829]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10618829").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10618829").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10618829"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1233" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks">Social Networks</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1233" type="text/json">{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4193" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Groups">Focus Groups</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4193" type="text/json">{"id":4193,"name":"Focus Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Groups?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10618829]'), work: {"id":10618829,"title":"Self-presentation and gender on MySpace","created_at":"2015-02-08T10:59:33.207-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10618829/Self_presentation_and_gender_on_MySpace?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_10618829","summary":"Within the cultural context of MySpace, this study explores the ways emerging adults experience social networking. Through focus group methodology, the role of virtual peer interaction in the development of personal, social, and gender identities was investigated. Findings suggest that college students utilize MySpace for identity exploration, engaging in social comparison and expressing idealized aspects of the selves they wish to become. The public nature of self and relationship displays introduce feedback mechanisms by which emerging adults can legitimize images as associated with the self. Also, male-female differences in self-presentation parallel, and possibly intensify, gender norms offline. Our study suggests that social networking sites provide valuable opportunities for emerging adults to realize possible selves; however, increased pressure for female sexual objectification and intensified social comparison may also negatively impact identity development. A balanced view, presenting both opportunities and drawbacks, should be encouraged in policies regarding youth participation in social networking sites.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":36788451,"asset_id":10618829,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":25966755,"first_name":"Adriana","last_name":"Manago","domain_name":"ucsc","page_name":"AdrianaManago","display_name":"Adriana Manago","profile_url":"https://ucsc.academia.edu/AdrianaManago?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":1233,"name":"Social Networks","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networks?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":4193,"name":"Focus Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Groups?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9032,"name":"Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interaction?f_ri=9582"},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582"},{"id":11006,"name":"Computer Mediated Communication","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Mediated_Communication?f_ri=9582"},{"id":30181,"name":"Gender Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Identity?f_ri=9582"},{"id":75509,"name":"Sex Difference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Difference?f_ri=9582"},{"id":89910,"name":"Young Adults","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adults?f_ri=9582"},{"id":96502,"name":"Applied","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied?f_ri=9582"},{"id":102674,"name":"College Students","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/College_Students?f_ri=9582"},{"id":103828,"name":"Applied Developmental Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Applied_Developmental_Psychology?f_ri=9582"},{"id":113272,"name":"Focus Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Focus_Group?f_ri=9582"},{"id":555000,"name":"Social Influences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Influences?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1199379,"name":"Social Network","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Network?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1425636,"name":"Social Networking Sites","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networking_Sites?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_57899178" data-work_id="57899178" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57899178/Challenge_and_threat_responses_during_downward_and_upward_social_comparisons">Challenge and threat responses during downward and upward social comparisons</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We examined cardiovascular responses indicating challenge and threat during social comparisons. Experiment 1 manipulated comparison direction (i.e. upward/downward) within a cooperative social interaction, during which we measured... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_57899178" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We examined cardiovascular responses indicating challenge and threat during social comparisons. Experiment 1 manipulated comparison direction (i.e. upward/downward) within a cooperative social interaction, during which we measured cardiovascular responses, evaluations of demands and resources, and self-reports. Participants interacting with upward comparison partners evaluated the task as more`threatening' (demands relative to resources) than participants cooperating with downward comparison partners. Moreover, participants cooperating with upward comparison partners exhibited cardiovascular reactivity consistent with threat (i.e. increased ventricle contractility, no changes in cardiac output, and vasoconstriction). In contrast, participants interacting with downward comparison partners exhibited challenge responses (i.e. increased contractility, increased cardiac output, and vasodilation). This basic ®nding was extended in Experiment 2 with the examination of a classic moderator of social comparison, attitudinal similarity of the comparison partner. Participants paired with attitudinally dissimilar partners exhibited exacerbated reactions relative to participants paired with attitudinally similar partners. That is, relative to similar partners, dissimilar partners engendered greater threat responses during upward comparisons and a tendency toward greater challenge responses during downward comparisons. These results are discussed within an assimilative/contrast model of social comparisons.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/57899178" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f5fbe01de1cd06b27d030db3e75fedf7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":72572105,"asset_id":57899178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/72572105/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="186375689" href="https://independent.academia.edu/wendymendes7">wendy mendes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="186375689" type="text/json">{"id":186375689,"first_name":"wendy","last_name":"mendes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"wendymendes7","display_name":"wendy mendes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/wendymendes7?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_57899178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="57899178"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 57899178, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_57899178", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_57899178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57899178; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_57899178"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_57899178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="57899178"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 57899178; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=57899178]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_57899178").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_57899178").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="57899178"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237" type="text/json">{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1026" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysiology">Psychophysiology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1026" type="text/json">{"id":1026,"name":"Psychophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysiology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=57899178]'), work: {"id":57899178,"title":"Challenge and threat responses during downward and upward social comparisons","created_at":"2021-10-14T13:34:18.814-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/57899178/Challenge_and_threat_responses_during_downward_and_upward_social_comparisons?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_57899178","summary":"We examined cardiovascular responses indicating challenge and threat during social comparisons. Experiment 1 manipulated comparison direction (i.e. upward/downward) within a cooperative social interaction, during which we measured cardiovascular responses, evaluations of demands and resources, and self-reports. Participants interacting with upward comparison partners evaluated the task as more`threatening' (demands relative to resources) than participants cooperating with downward comparison partners. Moreover, participants cooperating with upward comparison partners exhibited cardiovascular reactivity consistent with threat (i.e. increased ventricle contractility, no changes in cardiac output, and vasoconstriction). In contrast, participants interacting with downward comparison partners exhibited challenge responses (i.e. increased contractility, increased cardiac output, and vasodilation). This basic ®nding was extended in Experiment 2 with the examination of a classic moderator of social comparison, attitudinal similarity of the comparison partner. Participants paired with attitudinally dissimilar partners exhibited exacerbated reactions relative to participants paired with attitudinally similar partners. That is, relative to similar partners, dissimilar partners engendered greater threat responses during upward comparisons and a tendency toward greater challenge responses during downward comparisons. These results are discussed within an assimilative/contrast model of social comparisons.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":72572105,"asset_id":57899178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":186375689,"first_name":"wendy","last_name":"mendes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"wendymendes7","display_name":"wendy mendes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/wendymendes7?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":237,"name":"Cognitive Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":1026,"name":"Psychophysiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysiology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":2672,"name":"Personality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality?f_ri=9582"},{"id":4626,"name":"Social Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Cognition?f_ri=9582"},{"id":4715,"name":"Social Interaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Interaction?f_ri=9582"},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582"},{"id":16475,"name":"Competition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Competition?f_ri=9582"},{"id":18440,"name":"Social Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Perception?f_ri=9582"},{"id":36837,"name":"Information Processing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Processing?f_ri=9582"},{"id":43968,"name":"Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cooperation?f_ri=9582"},{"id":213526,"name":"Social Comparisons","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparisons?f_ri=9582"},{"id":239280,"name":"Self Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Evaluation?f_ri=9582"},{"id":279027,"name":"European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1929731,"name":"Reactivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reactivity?f_ri=9582"},{"id":2686606,"name":"interpersonal relation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/interpersonal_relation?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5673391" data-work_id="5673391" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5673391/Mindfulness_and_self_acceptance">Mindfulness and self-acceptance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The present article will focus on the cognitive theory of mindfulness and its importance in achieving unconditional self-acceptance. The goal of the mindful perspective is to increase cognitive flexibility and to thereby increase... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_5673391" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present article will focus on the cognitive theory of mindfulness and its importance in achieving unconditional self-acceptance. The goal of the mindful perspective is to increase cognitive flexibility and to thereby increase behavioral flexibility and the ability to adapt to one’s current environment in a meaningful manner. Empirical evidence spanning four decades attests to the beneficial effects of a mindful vs. mindless perspective. The article will focus on the following aspects of mindfulness as they apply to self-acceptance: the importance of authenticity, the tyranny of evaluation, the benefits of mistakes, the mindlessness of social comparison, the trap of rigid categories, and the acceptance of self as a mindful choice. The article concludes with a number of mindfulness applications geared toward enhancing self-acceptance.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5673391" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="510a98dcb0fd40dfb86f99a9a846b8be" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49188075,"asset_id":5673391,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49188075/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8179870" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/ShelleyCarson">Shelley Carson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8179870" type="text/json">{"id":8179870,"first_name":"Shelley","last_name":"Carson","domain_name":"harvard","page_name":"ShelleyCarson","display_name":"Shelley Carson","profile_url":"https://harvard.academia.edu/ShelleyCarson?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5673391 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5673391"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5673391, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5673391", }); 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The goal of the mindful perspective is to increase cognitive flexibility and to thereby increase behavioral flexibility and the ability to adapt to one’s current environment in a meaningful manner. Empirical evidence spanning four decades attests to the beneficial effects of a mindful vs. mindless perspective. The article will focus on the following aspects of mindfulness as they apply to self-acceptance: the importance of authenticity, the tyranny of evaluation, the benefits of mistakes, the mindlessness of social comparison, the trap of rigid categories, and the acceptance of self as a mindful choice. 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Evidence from different types of studies in the fields of eating disorders, media... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_21324994" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article reviews research on the effects of television and magazines on body image and on disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in females. Evidence from different types of studies in the fields of eating disorders, media psychology, health psychology, and mass communication indicates that mass media are an extremely important source of information and reinforcement in relation to the nature of the thin beauty ideal, its importance, and how to attain it. Although considerable research remains to be done, evidence is accumulating that repeated exposure to media and to both direct and indirect (via media's effects on peers, parents, coaches, physicians, etc.) pressures from media to be thin constitute risk factors for body dissatisfaction, concerns over weight and disordered eating behaviors in adolescent girls and young women. To guide further research, as well as the prevention and treatment of disordered eating, we present a figural summary of media effects that integrates moderating and mediating factors such as internalization of the thin beauty</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21324994" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a7a54b122d2498be82997bfca590f436" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41816560,"asset_id":21324994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41816560/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="42423660" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JordiFauquet">Jordi Fauquet</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="42423660" type="text/json">{"id":42423660,"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Fauquet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JordiFauquet","display_name":"Jordi Fauquet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JordiFauquet?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_21324994 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="21324994"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 21324994, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_21324994", }); 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Evidence from different types of studies in the fields of eating disorders, media psychology, health psychology, and mass communication indicates that mass media are an extremely important source of information and reinforcement in relation to the nature of the thin beauty ideal, its importance, and how to attain it. Although considerable research remains to be done, evidence is accumulating that repeated exposure to media and to both direct and indirect (via media's effects on peers, parents, coaches, physicians, etc.) pressures from media to be thin constitute risk factors for body dissatisfaction, concerns over weight and disordered eating behaviors in adolescent girls and young women. To guide further research, as well as the prevention and treatment of disordered eating, we present a figural summary of media effects that integrates moderating and mediating factors such as internalization of the thin beauty","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41816560,"asset_id":21324994,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":42423660,"first_name":"Jordi","last_name":"Fauquet","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JordiFauquet","display_name":"Jordi Fauquet","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JordiFauquet?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":260,"name":"Health Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":2066,"name":"Research Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Design?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":7089,"name":"Media psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_psychology?f_ri=9582"},{"id":8280,"name":"Media Literacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Literacy?f_ri=9582"},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582"},{"id":12693,"name":"Body Image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Image?f_ri=9582"},{"id":45036,"name":"Mass media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_media?f_ri=9582"},{"id":94091,"name":"Body dissatisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_dissatisfaction?f_ri=9582"},{"id":132215,"name":"Eating Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eating_Behavior?f_ri=9582"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors?f_ri=9582"},{"id":395704,"name":"Communication and media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communication_and_media_Studies?f_ri=9582"},{"id":461146,"name":"Media Effect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Effect?f_ri=9582"},{"id":466684,"name":"Young Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Women?f_ri=9582"},{"id":487114,"name":"Disordered Eating","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disordered_Eating?f_ri=9582"},{"id":578336,"name":"Eating Disorder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eating_Disorder?f_ri=9582"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24941310" data-work_id="24941310" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24941310/The_mindlessness_of_social_comparisons">The mindlessness of social comparisons</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The mindlessness of social comparison is discussed. When we make social comparisons we tend to (a) be oblivious to the fact that we are making choices, (b) accept at face value that the comparison is meaningful and not transitory, (c) be... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24941310" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The mindlessness of social comparison is discussed. When we make social comparisons we tend to (a) be oblivious to the fact that we are making choices, (b) accept at face value that the comparison is meaningful and not transitory, (c) be unaware of its context-dependent nature, and (d) mindlessly accept the criteria on which the evaluation was based. When we open these up to scrutiny, comparisons make less sense. Alternative criteria, alternative aspects of the behavior, and alternative meanings for the performance could lead to very different conclusions. Research conducted in the context of art showed reduced negative consequences of social comparing after a mindfulness treatment. Trait mindfulness as measured by the LMS supported the conclusions. Mindful groups, whether trait or state, were similar to the no social comparison group and both were superior to the Mindless group that made social comparisons.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24941310" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a18b94ca16384fd1f4235d35a8007603" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45272804,"asset_id":24941310,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45272804/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="41496295" href="https://fordham.academia.edu/Pirson">Michael Pirson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="41496295" type="text/json">{"id":41496295,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Pirson","domain_name":"fordham","page_name":"Pirson","display_name":"Michael Pirson","profile_url":"https://fordham.academia.edu/Pirson?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41496295/28736271/26839401/s65_michael.pirson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_24941310 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="24941310"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 24941310, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_24941310", }); 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When we make social comparisons we tend to (a) be oblivious to the fact that we are making choices, (b) accept at face value that the comparison is meaningful and not transitory, (c) be unaware of its context-dependent nature, and (d) mindlessly accept the criteria on which the evaluation was based. When we open these up to scrutiny, comparisons make less sense. Alternative criteria, alternative aspects of the behavior, and alternative meanings for the performance could lead to very different conclusions. Research conducted in the context of art showed reduced negative consequences of social comparing after a mindfulness treatment. Trait mindfulness as measured by the LMS supported the conclusions. Mindful groups, whether trait or state, were similar to the no social comparison group and both were superior to the Mindless group that made social comparisons.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45272804,"asset_id":24941310,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":41496295,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Pirson","domain_name":"fordham","page_name":"Pirson","display_name":"Michael Pirson","profile_url":"https://fordham.academia.edu/Pirson?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/41496295/28736271/26839401/s65_michael.pirson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":55641,"name":"Performance Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Evaluation?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":144300,"name":"Psychology of Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology_of_Aesthetics?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":152388,"name":"Art Theory and Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_Theory_and_Criticism?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_65226975" data-work_id="65226975" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65226975/Explaining_happiness">Explaining happiness</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">What do social survey data tell us about the determinants of happiness? First, that the psychologists' setpoint model is questionable. Life events in the nonpecuniary domain, such as marriage, divorce, and serious disability, have a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_65226975" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">What do social survey data tell us about the determinants of happiness? First, that the psychologists' setpoint model is questionable. Life events in the nonpecuniary domain, such as marriage, divorce, and serious disability, have a lasting effect on happiness, and do not simply deflect the average person temporarily above or below a setpoint given by genetics and personality. Second, mainstream economists' inference that in the pecuniary domain ''more is better,'' based on revealed preference theory, is problematic. An increase in income, and thus in the goods at one's disposal, does not bring with it a lasting increase in happiness because of the negative effect on utility of hedonic adaptation and social comparison. A better theory of happiness builds on the evidence that adaptation and social comparison affect utility less in the nonpecuniary than pecuniary domains. Because individuals fail to anticipate the extent to which adaptation and social comparison undermine expected utility in the pecuniary domain, they allocate an excessive amount of time to pecuniary goals, and shortchange nonpecuniary ends such as family life and health, reducing their happiness. There is need to devise policies that will yield better-informed individual preferences, and thereby increase individual and societal well-being. living level ͉ health ͉ marital status ͉ aspirations Is There a Setpoint of Happiness? Let me start with the psychological theory. The critical issue here is not whether any adaptation to life events occurs, but whether adaptation is complete, that is, whether individuals return to their initial level of happiness, and, if so, how quickly. There are psychological studies that make clear that, with respect to Abbreviation: GSS, General Social Survey.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/65226975" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7e16e34b85bb2864778f6465bd3e648f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76920476,"asset_id":65226975,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76920476/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34217705" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardEasterlin">Richard Easterlin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34217705" type="text/json">{"id":34217705,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Easterlin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardEasterlin","display_name":"Richard Easterlin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardEasterlin?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34217705/50787399/38829457/s65_richard.easterlin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_65226975 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="65226975"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 65226975, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_65226975", }); 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First, that the psychologists' setpoint model is questionable. Life events in the nonpecuniary domain, such as marriage, divorce, and serious disability, have a lasting effect on happiness, and do not simply deflect the average person temporarily above or below a setpoint given by genetics and personality. Second, mainstream economists' inference that in the pecuniary domain ''more is better,'' based on revealed preference theory, is problematic. An increase in income, and thus in the goods at one's disposal, does not bring with it a lasting increase in happiness because of the negative effect on utility of hedonic adaptation and social comparison. A better theory of happiness builds on the evidence that adaptation and social comparison affect utility less in the nonpecuniary than pecuniary domains. Because individuals fail to anticipate the extent to which adaptation and social comparison undermine expected utility in the pecuniary domain, they allocate an excessive amount of time to pecuniary goals, and shortchange nonpecuniary ends such as family life and health, reducing their happiness. There is need to devise policies that will yield better-informed individual preferences, and thereby increase individual and societal well-being. living level ͉ health ͉ marital status ͉ aspirations Is There a Setpoint of Happiness? Let me start with the psychological theory. The critical issue here is not whether any adaptation to life events occurs, but whether adaptation is complete, that is, whether individuals return to their initial level of happiness, and, if so, how quickly. There are psychological studies that make clear that, with respect to Abbreviation: GSS, General Social Survey.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76920476,"asset_id":65226975,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34217705,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Easterlin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RichardEasterlin","display_name":"Richard Easterlin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RichardEasterlin?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34217705/50787399/38829457/s65_richard.easterlin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":14818,"name":"Happiness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Happiness?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=9582"},{"id":57912,"name":"Marriage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marriage?f_ri=9582"},{"id":227316,"name":"Expected Utility","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expected_Utility?f_ri=9582"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=9582"},{"id":313195,"name":"Survey data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survey_data?f_ri=9582"},{"id":414735,"name":"Revealed Preference","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revealed_Preference?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16890398" data-work_id="16890398" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16890398/An_analysis_of_factors_affecting_fashion_opinion_leadership_and_fashion_opinion_seeking">An analysis of factors affecting fashion opinion leadership and fashion opinion seeking</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Purpose–This paper aims to test hypothesized relationships of consumer need for uniqueness, attention to social comparison information, status consumption, and role-relaxed consumption with opinion leadership and opinion seeking for new... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16890398" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Purpose–This paper aims to test hypothesized relationships of consumer need for uniqueness, attention to social comparison information, status consumption, and role-relaxed consumption with opinion leadership and opinion seeking for new fashionable clothing. Design/methodology/approach–The authors surveyed 598 consumers between the ages of 18 and 83 years using a self-administered questionnaire. Correlation and linear regression analyses showed that all four independent variables were related to both ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16890398" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="10b695a18d43ae11e65ad63b128a8ba1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":40503345,"asset_id":16890398,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/40503345/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="594309" href="https://fsu.academia.edu/RonaldGoldsmith">Ronald E Goldsmith</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="594309" type="text/json">{"id":594309,"first_name":"Ronald","last_name":"Goldsmith","domain_name":"fsu","page_name":"RonaldGoldsmith","display_name":"Ronald E Goldsmith","profile_url":"https://fsu.academia.edu/RonaldGoldsmith?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/594309/10466381/11678448/s65_ronald.goldsmith.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16890398 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16890398"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16890398, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16890398", }); 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Design/methodology/approach–The authors surveyed 598 consumers between the ages of 18 and 83 years using a self-administered questionnaire. 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A total of 166 fresh eggs; 32 eggs from guinea... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_43234880" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The present study was carried out to compare the physicochemical characteristics of eggs of guinea fowl, turkeys and domestic chickens outdoor reared in traditional farms in Baghdad, Iraq. A total of 166 fresh eggs; 32 eggs from guinea fowls (Numida meleagris), 44 eggs from turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and 90 eggs from domestic chickens; were collected. Egg weight, percentage of egg components, chemical composition (protein, lipids, and ash), and lipid profile were determined. Results revealed the significant differences in egg weight among studied birds. The average egg weights for guinea fowl, turkey, and indigenous chicken were 48.51 ± 0.72, 52.15 ± 0.74 and 61.24 ± 0.22 g, respectively. No significant differences were found in egg components and the chemical composition of the edible portions of the eggs among studied birds. However, the lipid profile of egg yolk indicated that egg cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly higher in guinea fowl and turkey compared with those in indigenous chickens, whereas native chicken has high values of HDL compared to guinea fowl and turkey. There were no significant differences in the triglyceride level in egg yolks among the studied fowls. In conclusion, although egg weight was significantly different among studied birds, eggs of guinea fowl, turkeys, and domestic chickens were similar in nutritional components.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/43234880" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="110400bedd27e3f941c711c36d5deac5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":63504250,"asset_id":43234880,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/63504250/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33326585" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofWorldsPoultryResearch">Journal of World's Poultry Research JWPR</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33326585" type="text/json">{"id":33326585,"first_name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research","last_name":"JWPR","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalofWorldsPoultryResearch","display_name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research JWPR","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofWorldsPoultryResearch?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33326585/9864967/10996263/s65_journal_of_world_s_poultry_research.jwpr.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_43234880 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="43234880"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 43234880, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_43234880", }); 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A total of 166 fresh eggs; 32 eggs from guinea fowls (Numida meleagris), 44 eggs from turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and 90 eggs from domestic chickens; were collected. Egg weight, percentage of egg components, chemical composition (protein, lipids, and ash), and lipid profile were determined. Results revealed the significant differences in egg weight among studied birds. The average egg weights for guinea fowl, turkey, and indigenous chicken were 48.51 ± 0.72, 52.15 ± 0.74 and 61.24 ± 0.22 g, respectively. No significant differences were found in egg components and the chemical composition of the edible portions of the eggs among studied birds. However, the lipid profile of egg yolk indicated that egg cholesterol and LDL levels were significantly higher in guinea fowl and turkey compared with those in indigenous chickens, whereas native chicken has high values of HDL compared to guinea fowl and turkey. There were no significant differences in the triglyceride level in egg yolks among the studied fowls. In conclusion, although egg weight was significantly different among studied birds, eggs of guinea fowl, turkeys, and domestic chickens were similar in nutritional components.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":63504250,"asset_id":43234880,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33326585,"first_name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research","last_name":"JWPR","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JournalofWorldsPoultryResearch","display_name":"Journal of World's Poultry Research JWPR","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JournalofWorldsPoultryResearch?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33326585/9864967/10996263/s65_journal_of_world_s_poultry_research.jwpr.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5456,"name":"Software Components","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Software_Components?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Behavior">Organizational Behavior</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="32" type="text/json">{"id":32,"name":"Organizational Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Behavior?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="260" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology">Health Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="260" type="text/json">{"id":260,"name":"Health Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a 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correlates","created_at":"2015-07-21T10:08:39.912-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/14263575/Intention_versus_identification_as_determinants_of_adolescents_health_behaviours_evidence_and_correlates?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_14263575","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44380340,"asset_id":14263575,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33229911,"first_name":"Paschal","last_name":"Sheeran","domain_name":"unc","page_name":"Sheeran","display_name":"Paschal Sheeran","profile_url":"https://unc.academia.edu/Sheeran?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":32,"name":"Organizational Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organizational_Behavior?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":260,"name":"Health Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":981,"name":"Health Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":1048,"name":"Health Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Behavior?f_ri=9582"},{"id":2599,"name":"Psychometrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychometrics?f_ri=9582"},{"id":2957,"name":"Theory of Planned Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_Planned_Behaviour?f_ri=9582"},{"id":3595,"name":"Individuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individuality?f_ri=9582"},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582"},{"id":13590,"name":"Risk Taking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Taking?f_ri=9582"},{"id":15199,"name":"Theory of Planned Behavior","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_Planned_Behavior?f_ri=9582"},{"id":15430,"name":"Adolescent Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent_Health?f_ri=9582"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=9582"},{"id":28616,"name":"Intention","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intention?f_ri=9582"},{"id":46406,"name":"Motivation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Motivation?f_ri=9582"},{"id":62236,"name":"Health behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_behaviour?f_ri=9582"},{"id":73785,"name":"Personality Assessment Inventory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personality_Assessment_Inventory?f_ri=9582"},{"id":79739,"name":"Character","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Character?f_ri=9582"},{"id":104433,"name":"Predictive 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class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26140509/The_Processing_of_Thin_Ideals_in_Fashion_Magazines_A_Source_of_Social_Comparison_or_Fantasy">The Processing of Thin Ideals in Fashion Magazines: A Source of Social Comparison or Fantasy?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26140509" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3f1b28a307706300ed93feaf1342af23" rel="nofollow" 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Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2827" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health">Mental Health</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2827" type="text/json">{"id":2827,"name":"Mental Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mental_Health?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3637" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advertising">Advertising</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3637" type="text/json">{"id":3637,"name":"Advertising","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Advertising?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26140509]'), work: {"id":26140509,"title":"The Processing of Thin Ideals in Fashion Magazines: A Source of 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Perception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Perception?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1123924,"name":"Social","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social-20?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8284195" data-work_id="8284195" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8284195/Glancing_Up_or_Down_Mood_Management_and_Selective_Social_Comparisons_on_Social_Networking_Sites">Glancing Up or Down: Mood Management and Selective Social Comparisons on Social Networking Sites</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Social networking sites (SNS) provide opportunities for mood management through selective exposure. This study tested the prediction that negative mood fosters self-enhancing social comparisons to SNS profiles. Participants were induced... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8284195" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Social networking sites (SNS) provide opportunities for mood management through selective exposure. This study tested the prediction that negative mood fosters self-enhancing social comparisons to SNS profiles. Participants were induced into positive or negative moods and then browsed manipulated profiles on an experimental SNS. Profiles varied in a 2x2 within-subjects design along two dimensions, ratings of career success and attractiveness, allowing for upward comparisons (high ratings) and downward comparisons (low ratings). Selective exposure was measured in seconds spent viewing profiles. Negative mood led to less exposure to upward comparisons and more to downward comparisons than positive mood. The comparison dimension did not influence selective exposure. Thus, in a negative mood, SNS users prefer self- enhancing social comparisons to manage their mood.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8284195" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="22ad537ad8d4d5a287f3660a1e4c0854" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34976421,"asset_id":8284195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34976421/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5955668" href="https://vu-nl.academia.edu/BenjaminJohnson">Benjamin Johnson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5955668" type="text/json">{"id":5955668,"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Johnson","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"BenjaminJohnson","display_name":"Benjamin Johnson","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/BenjaminJohnson?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5955668/2530143/2936982/s65_benjamin.johnson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8284195 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8284195"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8284195, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8284195", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8284195 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8284195; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8284195"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8284195 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8284195"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8284195; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8284195]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8284195").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8284195").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8284195"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion">Emotion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="254" type="text/json">{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2553" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networking">Social Networking</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2553" type="text/json">{"id":2553,"name":"Social Networking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networking?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9246" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media">Social Media</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9246" type="text/json">{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8284195]'), work: {"id":8284195,"title":"Glancing Up or Down: Mood Management and Selective Social Comparisons on Social Networking Sites","created_at":"2014-09-11T00:15:58.448-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8284195/Glancing_Up_or_Down_Mood_Management_and_Selective_Social_Comparisons_on_Social_Networking_Sites?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_8284195","summary":"Social networking sites (SNS) provide opportunities for mood management through selective exposure. This study tested the prediction that negative mood fosters self-enhancing social comparisons to SNS profiles. Participants were induced into positive or negative moods and then browsed manipulated profiles on an experimental SNS. Profiles varied in a 2x2 within-subjects design along two dimensions, ratings of career success and attractiveness, allowing for upward comparisons (high ratings) and downward comparisons (low ratings). Selective exposure was measured in seconds spent viewing profiles. Negative mood led to less exposure to upward comparisons and more to downward comparisons than positive mood. The comparison dimension did not influence selective exposure. Thus, in a negative mood, SNS users prefer self- enhancing social comparisons to manage their mood.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34976421,"asset_id":8284195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5955668,"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Johnson","domain_name":"vu-nl","page_name":"BenjaminJohnson","display_name":"Benjamin Johnson","profile_url":"https://vu-nl.academia.edu/BenjaminJohnson?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5955668/2530143/2936982/s65_benjamin.johnson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":254,"name":"Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Emotion?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":2553,"name":"Social Networking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Networking?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":21498,"name":"Affect/Emotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affect_Emotion?f_ri=9582"},{"id":128945,"name":"Selective Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Selective_Exposure?f_ri=9582"},{"id":597816,"name":"Mood Management Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mood_Management_Theory?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17541999" data-work_id="17541999" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17541999/Psychological_factors_in_consumer_debt_Money_management_economic_socialization_and_credit_use">Psychological factors in consumer debt: Money management, economic socialization, and credit use</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">... in a postal district consisting of half of a small town (population about 20,000) in Devon, south west England, and its rural hinterland. ... Consumer behaviour: Debtors were less likely to own a car or telephone, and more likely to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_17541999" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">... in a postal district consisting of half of a small town (population about 20,000) in Devon, south west England, and its rural hinterland. ... Consumer behaviour: Debtors were less likely to own a car or telephone, and more likely to report buying cigarettes and Christmas presents for ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17541999" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="592afa507d15db656a2626da53e4d48f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42249522,"asset_id":17541999,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42249522/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="37327652" href="https://soas-uk.academia.edu/PaulWebley">Paul Webley</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="37327652" type="text/json">{"id":37327652,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Webley","domain_name":"soas-uk","page_name":"PaulWebley","display_name":"Paul Webley","profile_url":"https://soas-uk.academia.edu/PaulWebley?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17541999 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17541999"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17541999, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17541999", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17541999 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17541999; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17541999"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17541999 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17541999"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17541999; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17541999]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17541999").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17541999").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17541999"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9078" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Psychology">Economic Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9078" type="text/json">{"id":9078,"name":"Economic Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="41482" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis">Multivariate Analysis</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="41482" type="text/json">{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17541999]'), work: {"id":17541999,"title":"Psychological factors in consumer debt: Money management, economic socialization, and credit use","created_at":"2015-10-31T03:50:08.002-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17541999/Psychological_factors_in_consumer_debt_Money_management_economic_socialization_and_credit_use?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_17541999","summary":"... in a postal district consisting of half of a small town (population about 20,000) in Devon, south west England, and its rural hinterland. ... Consumer behaviour: Debtors were less likely to own a car or telephone, and more likely to report buying cigarettes and Christmas presents for ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42249522,"asset_id":17541999,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":37327652,"first_name":"Paul","last_name":"Webley","domain_name":"soas-uk","page_name":"PaulWebley","display_name":"Paul Webley","profile_url":"https://soas-uk.academia.edu/PaulWebley?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9078,"name":"Economic Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Psychology?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":86018,"name":"Locus of Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locus_of_Control?f_ri=9582"},{"id":312056,"name":"Public Utilities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Utilities?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1122591,"name":"Consumer Behaviour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Behaviour?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12283569 coauthored" data-work_id="12283569" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12283569/Salesperson_lone_wolf_tendencies_The_roles_of_social_comparison_and_mentoring_in_a_mediated_model_of_performance">Salesperson lone wolf tendencies: The roles of social comparison and mentoring in a mediated model of performance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Despite contemporary shifts in sales organizations toward more collaborative work, the sales profession tends to comprise many individuals with a psychological preference to work alone known as lone wolf tendencies (LWT). For this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12283569" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Despite contemporary shifts in sales organizations toward more collaborative work, the sales profession tends to comprise many individuals with a psychological preference to work alone known as lone wolf tendencies (LWT).  For this reason, theory about LWT has been almost exclusively developed in the sales literature.  The current literature has largely assumed that lone wolfism is an innate characteristic, and results have been mixed with regard to the relationship between LWT and sales performance. This study considers an alternative to this prevailing assumption, and proposes a nurture model of LWT in which one’s level of exposure to social workplace interactions (i.e., social comparison and career mentoring) may influence LWT. Our research questions are tested in a sample of 279 business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) salespeople using structural equation modeling. Results support our social learning-based hypotheses and reveal a positive association between LWT and job involvement and performance via the mechanism of concern over mistakes. These results suggest an extension to current understanding of LWT at work, and open a dialogue concerning the influence of social context on creating and reinforcing the lone wolf phenomenon.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12283569" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ac959937881c3e3c1b5e546f4e745857" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":54421847,"asset_id":12283569,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/54421847/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="858431" href="https://loyno.academia.edu/FrankieWeinberg">Frankie J Weinberg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="858431" type="text/json">{"id":858431,"first_name":"Frankie","last_name":"Weinberg","domain_name":"loyno","page_name":"FrankieWeinberg","display_name":"Frankie J Weinberg","profile_url":"https://loyno.academia.edu/FrankieWeinberg?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/858431/306432/10068132/s65_frankie.weinberg.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-12283569">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-12283569"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/WilliamLocander">William Locander</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-12283569'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-12283569').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12283569 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12283569"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12283569, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12283569", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12283569 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12283569; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12283569"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12283569 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12283569"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12283569; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12283569]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12283569").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12283569").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12283569"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mentoring">Mentoring</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3106" type="text/json">{"id":3106,"name":"Mentoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mentoring?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4965" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Management">Performance Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4965" type="text/json">{"id":4965,"name":"Performance Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Management?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="45739" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sales_Management">Sales Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="45739" type="text/json">{"id":45739,"name":"Sales Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sales_Management?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12283569]'), work: {"id":12283569,"title":"Salesperson lone wolf tendencies: The roles of social comparison and mentoring in a mediated model of performance","created_at":"2015-05-07T14:03:52.147-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12283569/Salesperson_lone_wolf_tendencies_The_roles_of_social_comparison_and_mentoring_in_a_mediated_model_of_performance?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_12283569","summary":"Despite contemporary shifts in sales organizations toward more collaborative work, the sales profession tends to comprise many individuals with a psychological preference to work alone known as lone wolf tendencies (LWT). For this reason, theory about LWT has been almost exclusively developed in the sales literature. The current literature has largely assumed that lone wolfism is an innate characteristic, and results have been mixed with regard to the relationship between LWT and sales performance. This study considers an alternative to this prevailing assumption, and proposes a nurture model of LWT in which one’s level of exposure to social workplace interactions (i.e., social comparison and career mentoring) may influence LWT. Our research questions are tested in a sample of 279 business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) salespeople using structural equation modeling. Results support our social learning-based hypotheses and reveal a positive association between LWT and job involvement and performance via the mechanism of concern over mistakes. These results suggest an extension to current understanding of LWT at work, and open a dialogue concerning the influence of social context on creating and reinforcing the lone wolf phenomenon.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54421847,"asset_id":12283569,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":858431,"first_name":"Frankie","last_name":"Weinberg","domain_name":"loyno","page_name":"FrankieWeinberg","display_name":"Frankie J Weinberg","profile_url":"https://loyno.academia.edu/FrankieWeinberg?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/858431/306432/10068132/s65_frankie.weinberg.jpg"},{"id":30941163,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Locander","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WilliamLocander","display_name":"William Locander","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WilliamLocander?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3106,"name":"Mentoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mentoring?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":4965,"name":"Performance Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Management?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":45739,"name":"Sales Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sales_Management?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":781152,"name":"Lone Wolf","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lone_Wolf?f_ri=9582"},{"id":867106,"name":"Job Involvement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Job_Involvement?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26756842" data-work_id="26756842" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26756842/Body_dissatisfaction_and_body_comparison_with_media_images_in_males_and_females">Body dissatisfaction and body comparison with media images in males and females</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examined the role of media body comparison as a mediator of the relationships between psychological factors and sociocultural pressures to be thin and body dissatisfaction in both females and males. Participants were 1,386... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26756842" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examined the role of media body comparison as a mediator of the relationships between psychological factors and sociocultural pressures to be thin and body dissatisfaction in both females and males. Participants were 1,386 females (mean age = 19.37 years) and 1,130 males (mean age = 19.46) from diverse backgrounds who completed a self-report questionnaire. Path analysis was used to test a cross-sectional model in which media body comparison mediated the impact of self-esteem, depressive mood, parent dieting environment, friend dieting, TV exposure, magazine message exposure, weight teasing and body mass index (BMI) on body dissatisfaction. In females, media body comparison partially or fully mediated relationships between self-esteem, depressive mood, friend dieting, magazine message exposure and BMI, and body dissatisfaction. In males, media body comparison was not a significant predictor of body dissatisfaction. This research particularly highlights the need to further examine processes that are involved in the development of body dissatisfaction in males. #</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26756842" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="80418503c2e529f2be31dd3a036da2cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47034925,"asset_id":26756842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47034925/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="50755132" href="https://independent.academia.edu/HeleneKeery">Helene Keery</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="50755132" type="text/json">{"id":50755132,"first_name":"Helene","last_name":"Keery","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HeleneKeery","display_name":"Helene Keery","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeleneKeery?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26756842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26756842"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26756842, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26756842", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_26756842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26756842; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_26756842"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_26756842 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="26756842"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 26756842; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26756842]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26756842").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26756842").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26756842"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">21</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3217" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression">Depression</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3217" type="text/json">{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5906" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prejudice">Prejudice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5906" type="text/json">{"id":5906,"name":"Prejudice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prejudice?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9582" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison">Social Comparison</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9582" type="text/json">{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12693" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Image">Body Image</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12693" type="text/json">{"id":12693,"name":"Body Image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Image?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26756842]'), work: {"id":26756842,"title":"Body dissatisfaction and body comparison with media images in males and females","created_at":"2016-07-05T12:56:43.198-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26756842/Body_dissatisfaction_and_body_comparison_with_media_images_in_males_and_females?f_ri=9582","dom_id":"work_26756842","summary":"This study examined the role of media body comparison as a mediator of the relationships between psychological factors and sociocultural pressures to be thin and body dissatisfaction in both females and males. Participants were 1,386 females (mean age = 19.37 years) and 1,130 males (mean age = 19.46) from diverse backgrounds who completed a self-report questionnaire. Path analysis was used to test a cross-sectional model in which media body comparison mediated the impact of self-esteem, depressive mood, parent dieting environment, friend dieting, TV exposure, magazine message exposure, weight teasing and body mass index (BMI) on body dissatisfaction. In females, media body comparison partially or fully mediated relationships between self-esteem, depressive mood, friend dieting, magazine message exposure and BMI, and body dissatisfaction. In males, media body comparison was not a significant predictor of body dissatisfaction. This research particularly highlights the need to further examine processes that are involved in the development of body dissatisfaction in males. #","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47034925,"asset_id":26756842,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":50755132,"first_name":"Helene","last_name":"Keery","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"HeleneKeery","display_name":"Helene Keery","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/HeleneKeery?f_ri=9582","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3217,"name":"Depression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Depression?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":5906,"name":"Prejudice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prejudice?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":9582,"name":"Social Comparison","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Comparison?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":12693,"name":"Body Image","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Image?f_ri=9582","nofollow":true},{"id":13958,"name":"Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media?f_ri=9582"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=9582"},{"id":45036,"name":"Mass media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_media?f_ri=9582"},{"id":50238,"name":"Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affect?f_ri=9582"},{"id":94091,"name":"Body dissatisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_dissatisfaction?f_ri=9582"},{"id":137516,"name":"Follow-up studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Follow-up_studies?f_ri=9582"},{"id":160939,"name":"Path Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Path_Analysis?f_ri=9582"},{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index?f_ri=9582"},{"id":321147,"name":"Self Concept","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Concept?f_ri=9582"},{"id":353233,"name":"Body mass index (BMI)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_mass_index_BMI_?f_ri=9582"},{"id":364937,"name":"Social Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Values?f_ri=9582"},{"id":404000,"name":"Cross Section","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Section?f_ri=9582"},{"id":413192,"name":"Sex Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Factors?f_ri=9582"},{"id":543452,"name":"Thinness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thinness?f_ri=9582"},{"id":816819,"name":"Psychological Models","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychological_Models?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1157423,"name":"Personal Satisfaction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_Satisfaction?f_ri=9582"},{"id":1419742,"name":"Self Esteem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Esteem?f_ri=9582"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7483360" data-work_id="7483360" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7483360/The_Crimea_Question_Identity_Transition_and_Conflict_by_Gwendolyn_Sasse">The Crimea Question: Identity, Transition and Conflict by Gwendolyn Sasse</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Multi-proxy approach was used to reconstruct the environmental conditions of remote lakes in the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) over the past few centuries (approximately 500-1000 years). Short sediment cores (*30 cm) taken from three... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7483360" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Multi-proxy approach was used to reconstruct the environmental conditions of remote lakes in the High Tatra Mountains (Slovakia) over the past few centuries (approximately 500-1000 years). Short sediment cores (*30 cm) taken from three morphologically similar glacial lakes distributed along altitudinal gradient (subalpine to alpine conditions) were analysed for organic matter content (LOI), diatoms and chironomids. Both descriptive and correlative approaches were used for analysing stratigraphical data. Predictive canonical correspondence analysis and co-correspondence analysis were applied to directly relate physical and biological proxies to each other. The relationship between LOI and biotic proxies was inconsistent across groups and lakes. Concordant patterns in diatom and chironomid composition were found in two non-acidified lakes. Common trends in those assemblages indicated major past environmental events such as the Little Ice Age, air pollution and lake acidification. In contrast, no relationship between the composition of diatom and chironomid assemblages was found in the formerly acidified lake, suggesting different responses of assemblages to acidification. While chironomids showed shifts that are attributable to recovery, diatoms assemblage remained relatively stable throughout the uppermost layers of the sediment record. On the other hand, climatic-driven changes in assemblages detected in the deeper layers were more pronounced in diatoms than in chironomids.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7483360" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dedc28f8674ddf3626acdb2863b0e7e6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48454795,"asset_id":7483360,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48454795/download_file?st=MTc0MDYwNDcwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4079901" href="https://uio.academia.edu/P%C3%A5lKolst%C3%B8">Pål Kolstø</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4079901" type="text/json">{"id":4079901,"first_name":"Pål","last_name":"Kolstø","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"PålKolstø","display_name":"Pål Kolstø","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/P%C3%A5lKolst%C3%B8?f_ri=9582","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4079901/1568199/1899880/s65_p_l.kolst_.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7483360 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7483360"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7483360, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7483360", }); 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Short sediment cores (*30 cm) taken from three morphologically similar glacial lakes distributed along altitudinal gradient (subalpine to alpine conditions) were analysed for organic matter content (LOI), diatoms and chironomids. Both descriptive and correlative approaches were used for analysing stratigraphical data. Predictive canonical correspondence analysis and co-correspondence analysis were applied to directly relate physical and biological proxies to each other. The relationship between LOI and biotic proxies was inconsistent across groups and lakes. Concordant patterns in diatom and chironomid composition were found in two non-acidified lakes. Common trends in those assemblages indicated major past environmental events such as the Little Ice Age, air pollution and lake acidification. In contrast, no relationship between the composition of diatom and chironomid assemblages was found in the formerly acidified lake, suggesting different responses of assemblages to acidification. While chironomids showed shifts that are attributable to recovery, diatoms assemblage remained relatively stable throughout the uppermost layers of the sediment record. 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