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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the American football player, see <a href="/wiki/Tony_Nathan" title="Tony Nathan">Tony Nathan</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American media producer and political activist (1923–2014)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Tonie Nathan</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:TonieNathan1993-LPConvention.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/TonieNathan1993-LPConvention.jpg/220px-TonieNathan1993-LPConvention.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/TonieNathan1993-LPConvention.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="247" data-file-height="283" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Nathan in 1993</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Theodora Nathalia Nathan</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1923-02-09</span>)</span>February 9, 1923<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 20, 2014<span style="display:none">(2014-03-20)</span> (aged 91)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene, Oregon</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Radio producer</li><li>television producer</li><li>political activist</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data org"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Charles Nathan</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1942; died 2012)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Theodora Nathalia</b> "<b>Tonie</b>" <b>Nathan</b> (February 9, 1923 – March 20, 2014) was an American radio producer, television producer, and political activist. She was the first woman to receive an <a href="/wiki/U.S._Electoral_College" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Electoral College">electoral vote</a> in a <a href="/wiki/U.S._presidential_election,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. presidential election, 1972">United States presidential election</a>. She was the 1972 <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice presidential</a> nominee of the <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Running_mate" title="Running mate">running mate</a> of <a href="/wiki/John_Hospers" title="John Hospers">John Hospers</a>, when <a href="/wiki/Roger_MacBride" title="Roger MacBride">Roger MacBride</a>, a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Republican_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Republican Party">Republican</a> elector from <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a>, cast the historic vote as a <a href="/wiki/Faithless_elector" title="Faithless elector">faithless elector</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-first_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonie_Nathan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nathan was born in 1923 to Jewish parents in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her last name at birth was Nathan, and she married a man, Charles Nathan, who had the same last name.<sup id="cite_ref-kval_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kval-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She operated her own insurance agency, a music publishing firm and a decorating service in the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Los Angeles area</a> before moving to <a href="/wiki/Eugene,_Oregon" title="Eugene, Oregon">Eugene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>. She earned a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> in <a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">journalism</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a> in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-offbeat_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offbeat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nathan then worked as a radio and television producer. She produced and occasionally hosted a daily talk show on <a href="/wiki/KVAL-TV" title="KVAL-TV">KVAL-TV</a> (<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> affiliate) in Eugene.<sup id="cite_ref-offbeat_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offbeat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_campaigns">Political campaigns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonie_Nathan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1972_vice-presidential_nomination">1972 vice-presidential nomination</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonie_Nathan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1972 vice-presidential nomination"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the first <a href="/wiki/Presidential_nominating_convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential nominating convention">presidential nominating convention</a> of the Libertarian Party in <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a>, Nathan was nominated by the convention delegates to run for vice president with presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/John_Hospers" title="John Hospers">John Hospers</a>, chairman of the philosophy department at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>. While the ticket received only 3,674 official votes out of more than 75 million votes cast,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Republican elector Roger MacBride of <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> chose to vote for Hospers and Nathan instead of <a href="/wiki/Richard_M_Nixon" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard M Nixon">Nixon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Agnew</a>. As a result, Nathan became the first woman and the first Jew in American history to have received an electoral vote in a presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-first_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-first-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Although Barry Goldwater was half-Jewish by ethnicity, he was not Jewish by religion, as he was raised in the Episcopalian faith of his mother; Goldwater received his electoral votes 8 years before Nathan received hers.) </p><p>Nathan and Hospers campaigned on a platform of minimal government intervention.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1976_vice-presidential_candidacy">1976 vice-presidential candidacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonie_Nathan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1976 vice-presidential candidacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nathan consented to have her name put forward for the Libertarian vice-presidential nomination in the <a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976 presidential election</a>, though she did not actively campaign for the position.<sup id="cite_ref-convention_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-convention-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She lost that nomination to <a href="/wiki/James_A._Lewis_(politician)" title="James A. Lewis (politician)">Jim Lewis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1992_Oregon_State_Senate_campaign">1992 Oregon State Senate campaign</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonie_Nathan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1992 Oregon State Senate campaign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nathan ran against Democrat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Dwyer_(American_politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bill Dwyer (American politician) (page does not exist)">Bill Dwyer</a> in the 1992 <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Senate" title="Oregon State Senate">Oregon State Senate</a> election to represent <a href="/wiki/Oregon%27s_21st_House_district" title="Oregon's 21st House district">Oregon's 21st House district</a>. She lost, receiving 17.3% of the vote compared to Dwyers' 82.7%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senate_and_House_of_Representatives_campaigns">Senate and House of Representatives campaigns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonie_Nathan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Senate and House of Representatives campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following her vice-presidential run, she made a series of unsuccessful runs as a Libertarian candidate during the 1970s through the 1990s, for offices including the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senate</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Oregon,_1980" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Oregon, 1980">1980 U.S. Senate election</a>, Nathan participated in three statewide television debates with incumbent <a href="/wiki/Bob_Packwood" title="Bob Packwood">Bob Packwood</a> and then-State Senator <a href="/wiki/Ted_Kulongoski" title="Ted Kulongoski">Ted Kulongoski</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She received 43,686 votes for 3.83% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-80res_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80res-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1990 Nathan ran as a Libertarian candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives for <a href="/wiki/Oregon%27s_4th_congressional_district" title="Oregon's 4th congressional district">Oregon's 4th congressional district</a>. She was the lone challenger to incumbent Congressman <a href="/wiki/Peter_DeFazio" title="Peter DeFazio">Peter DeFazio</a> and received 26,432 votes for 14% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-90res_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90res-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nathan ran unsuccessfully for the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_State_Senate" title="Oregon State Senate">Oregon State Senate</a> in 1992 and 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_political_activities">Other political activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonie_Nathan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Other political activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nathan was a founding member and former vice chair of the Libertarian Party,<sup id="cite_ref-offbeat_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offbeat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-convention_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-convention-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as a founding member and former president of the Association of Libertarian Feminists.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was a speaker at the <a href="/wiki/2012_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2012 Libertarian National Convention">2012 Libertarian National Convention</a>, where she also announced <a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Gary Johnson</a> as the 2012 Libertarian Party presidential nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonie_Nathan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nathan was originally a Democrat until one of her sons, Paul, gave her some writings by <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a>. That helped spur his mother’s political views of freedom, free markets and individuality, and prompted her to switch her political allegiance from the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> to <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a>, Paul said. She attended the party's first national convention in 1972 in Colorado as an interested observer and freelance writer, but was ultimately asked to join the party's national ticket as a running mate. Throughout the years, Nathan championed a number of social and fiscal issues such as ending the military draft and the war on drugs, advocating historic preservation, abortion rights and a flat tax.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004 presidential election</a>, Nathan wrote a column for <i><a href="/wiki/LewRockwell.com" class="mw-redirect" title="LewRockwell.com">LewRockwell.com</a></i> saying that Americans "should vote their consciences and pick the candidate who best represents their values." She also stated, "It makes you wonder, doesn't it. What is the major news media afraid of? Could it be that most Americans share the Libertarian ideals of Republican fiscal conservatism (reducing the size and cost of government) and Democratic social liberalism (allowing citizens control over their personal lives)? Perhaps such Libertarian views represent a genuine threat to both major parties…" and "It is possible that during the coming debates <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">President Bush</a> or <a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">Senator Kerry</a> will discuss the many issues that created reasons for new political parties to form – issues on environmentalism, a possible draft, the Drug War, abortion and gay rights, the falling dollar, immigration laws, foreign policy principles, the unwieldy IRS code and the Supreme Court's adherence to the Constitution."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonie_Nathan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nathan was married to Charles "Chuck" Nathan, an <a href="/wiki/ASCAP" class="mw-redirect" title="ASCAP">ASCAP</a> composer who wrote top-ten hit songs in the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-Chuck_Nathan_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chuck_Nathan-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were married from 1942 until his death in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-libertarian_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libertarian-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The couple had three sons.<sup id="cite_ref-kval_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kval-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-offbeat_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-offbeat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonie_Nathan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nathan died on March 20, 2014, at the age of 91 from <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer's disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kval_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kval-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-libertarian_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-libertarian-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonie_Nathan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-first-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-first_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-first_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBoaz2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Boaz" title="David Boaz">Boaz, David</a> (2008). "Nathan, Tonie (1923– )". In <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hamowy" title="Ronald Hamowy">Hamowy, Ronald</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC&q=encyclopedia+of+libertarianism"><i>Nathan, Toni (1923– )</i></a>. <i>The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism</i>. Thousand Oaks, CA: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">Sage</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>. p. 347. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412965811.n212">10.4135/9781412965811.n212</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1412965804" title="Special:BookSources/978-1412965804"><bdi>978-1412965804</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2008009151">2008009151</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/750831024">750831024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nathan%2C+Toni+%281923%E2%80%93+%29&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pages=347&rft.pub=Sage%3B+Cato+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F750831024&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2008009151&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412965811.n212&rft.isbn=978-1412965804&rft.aulast=Boaz&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyxNgXs3TkJYC%26q%3Dencyclopedia%2Bof%2Blibertarianism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonie+Nathan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElvin,_John2000" class="citation web cs1">Elvin, John (September 28, 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140610081544/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-65493885.html">"Whatever Happened to ...(Tonie Nathan)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Insight_on_the_News" title="Insight on the News">Insight on the News</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-65493885.html">the original</a> on June 10, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insight+on+the+News&rft.atitle=Whatever+Happened+to+...%28Tonie+Nathan%29&rft.date=2000-09-28&rft.au=Elvin%2C+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-65493885.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonie+Nathan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kval-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kval_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kval_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kval_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kval.com/news/local/oregon-libertarian-1st-woman-to-receive-electoral-vote-dead-at-91">"Oregon Libertaian, 1st woman to receive electoral vote, dies at 91"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KVAL-TV" title="KVAL-TV">KVAL</a>.com. March 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oregon+Libertaian%2C+1st+woman+to+receive+electoral+vote%2C+dies+at+91&rft.pub=KVAL.com&rft.date=2014-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkval.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Foregon-libertarian-1st-woman-to-receive-electoral-vote-dead-at-91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonie+Nathan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-offbeat-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-offbeat_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-offbeat_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-offbeat_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-offbeat_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn,_Finn2011" class="citation web cs1">John, Finn (March 27, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.offbeatoregon.com/o1103d-eugene-woman-first-female-vp-nominee-to-win-vote.html">"Libertarian from Eugene was first female VP candidate to get Electoral College vote"</a>. <i>Offbeat Oregon</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Offbeat+Oregon&rft.atitle=Libertarian+from+Eugene+was+first+female+VP+candidate+to+get+Electoral+College+vote&rft.date=2011-03-27&rft.au=John%2C+Finn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.offbeatoregon.com%2Fo1103d-eugene-woman-first-female-vp-nominee-to-win-vote.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonie+Nathan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/national.php?year=1972&f=0&off=0&elect=0">"1972 Presidential General Election Results"</a>, Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoherty,_Brian2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Doherty_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brian Doherty (journalist)">Doherty, Brian</a> (2008). <a href="/wiki/Radicals_for_Capitalism:_A_Freewheeling_History_of_the_Modern_American_Libertarian_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement"><i>Radicals for Capitalism: A Freewheeling History of the Modern American Libertarian Movement</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/PublicAffairs" title="PublicAffairs">PublicAffairs</a>. pp. 392–393. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781586485726" title="Special:BookSources/9781586485726"><bdi>9781586485726</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radicals+for+Capitalism%3A+A+Freewheeling+History+of+the+Modern+American+Libertarian+Movement&rft.pages=392-393&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781586485726&rft.au=Doherty%2C+Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonie+Nathan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan" class="citation web cs1">Buchanan, Matthew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.obitoftheday.com/post/6520016224/johnhospers">"Obit of the Day"</a>. <i>Obit of the Day</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Obit+of+the+Day&rft.atitle=Obit+of+the+Day&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.obitoftheday.com%2Fpost%2F6520016224%2Fjohnhospers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonie+Nathan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-convention-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-convention_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-convention_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ba1VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=J-ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=5846,5587832&dq=tonie+nathan+founder+libertarian+party&hl=en">"Convention To Receive West Eugene Woman's Name"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Register-Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Register-Guard">Eugene Register-Guard</a></i>. August 22, 1975. Retrieved July 31, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willis, Henny (October 19, 1980) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=qO9VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=8eEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6847,5752127&dq=tonie+nathan+debate&hl=en">"Senate debates were valuable"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Register-Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Register-Guard">Eugene Register-Guard</a></i>. Retrieved July 31, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80res-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80res_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1980election.pdf">"Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional election of November 4, 1980"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+of+the+Presidential+and+Congressional+election+of+November+4%2C+1980&rft.pub=United+States+House+of+Representatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2Fmember_info%2FelectionInfo%2F1980election.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonie+Nathan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90res-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90res_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1990election.pdf">"Statistics of the Congressional election of November 6, 1990"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics+of+the+Congressional+election+of+November+6%2C+1990&rft.pub=United+States+House+of+Representatives&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclerk.house.gov%2Fmember_info%2FelectionInfo%2F1990election.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonie+Nathan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ourcampaigns.com/CandidateDetail.html?CandidateID=14696">"Nathan, Theodora "Tonie"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Our Campaigns<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 23,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nathan%2C+Theodora+%22Tonie%22&rft.pub=Our+Campaigns&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourcampaigns.com%2FCandidateDetail.html%3FCandidateID%3D14696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonie+Nathan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Burford, Lori (March 14, 1982) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=BIdTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=roYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7133,430070&dq=tonie+nathan+association+of+libertarian+feminists&hl=en">"Nathan pushes Libertarian cause"</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Bulletin_(Bend)" title="The Bulletin (Bend)">The Bulletin</a></i>, Retrieved July 31, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.c-spanvideo.org/tonienathan">"Nathan, Tonie: C-SPAN Biographical history"</a>, <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN_Video_Library" title="C-SPAN Video Library">C-SPAN Video Library</a>. Retrieved July 31, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Jeff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.registerguard.com/article/20140321/NEWS/303219865">"Libertarian Tonie Nathan dies"</a>. <i>The Register-Guard</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register-Guard&rft.atitle=Libertarian+Tonie+Nathan+dies&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.registerguard.com%2Farticle%2F20140321%2FNEWS%2F303219865&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonie+Nathan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lewrockwell.com/2004/09/tonie-nathan/why-are-the-major-political-parties-afraid-of-competition/">"Why Are the Major Political Parties Afraid of Competition?"</a>. <i>LewRockwell</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LewRockwell&rft.atitle=Why+Are+the+Major+Political+Parties+Afraid+of+Competition%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lewrockwell.com%2F2004%2F09%2Ftonie-nathan%2Fwhy-are-the-major-political-parties-afraid-of-competition%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonie+Nathan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chuck_Nathan-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chuck_Nathan_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soaringmusicpublications.com/chuck">"Charles Nathan 1921–2012"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles+Nathan+1921%E2%80%932012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsoaringmusicpublications.com%2Fchuck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonie+Nathan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-libertarian-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-libertarian_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-libertarian_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright,_Jeff2014" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Jeff (March 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905141107/https://www.registerguard.com/rg/news/local/31321715-75/nathan-paul-tonie-party-died.html.csp">"Libertarian Tonie Nathan dies"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Register-Guard" title="The Register-Guard">The Register-Guard</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.registerguard.com/rg/news/local/31321715-75/nathan-paul-tonie-party-died.html.csp">the original</a> on September 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register-Guard&rft.atitle=Libertarian+Tonie+Nathan+dies&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft.au=Wright%2C+Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.registerguard.com%2Frg%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F31321715-75%2Fnathan-paul-tonie-party-died.html.csp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATonie+Nathan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tonie_Nathan&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.c-span.org/person/?11387">Appearances</a> on <a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scua.uoregon.edu/repositories/2/resources/3147">Tonie Nathan papers</a> at University of Oregon Libraries Special Collections and University Archives</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFBF00;">Party political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>First</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Libertarian_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Libertarian Party presidential tickets">nominee</a> for <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President of the United States</a> </b><br /><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/David_Bergland" title="David Bergland">David Bergland</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Libertarian_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#FED105; color:white"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Template:Libertarian Party (United States)"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Template talk:Libertarian Party (United States)"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarian Party (United States)"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Libertarian_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)"><span style="color:#fff;">Libertarian Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chairpersons<br />of the <a href="/wiki/Libertarian_National_Committee" title="Libertarian National Committee">LNC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Nolan_(libertarian)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Nolan (libertarian)">D. Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Nolan" class="mw-redirect" title="Susan Nolan">S. Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Crane_(political_activist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ed Crane (political activist)">Crane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bergland" title="David Bergland">Bergland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Clark_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alicia Clark (politician)">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Grant_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Grant (politician)">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_VerHagen" class="mw-redirect" title="Randy VerHagen">VerHagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Turney_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Turney (politician)">Turney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Walter_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave Walter (politician)">Walter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Gingell" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Gingell">Gingell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Dasbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Steve Dasbach">Dasbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Bergland" title="David Bergland">Bergland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Lark" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim Lark">Lark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Neale" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoff Neale">Neale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dixon_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Dixon (politician)">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Redpath" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Redpath">Redpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Neale" class="mw-redirect" title="Geoff Neale">Neale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Sarwark" title="Nicholas Sarwark">Sarwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bishop-Henchman" class="mw-redirect" title="Joe Bishop-Henchman">Bishop-Henchman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitney_Bilyeu" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitney Bilyeu">Bilyeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_McArdle" title="Angela McArdle">McArdle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Libertarian_Party_presidential_tickets" title="List of United States Libertarian Party presidential tickets">Presidential<br />tickets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Hospers" title="John Hospers">Hospers</a>/<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/Roger_MacBride" title="Roger MacBride">MacBride</a>/<a href="/wiki/David_Bergland" title="David Bergland">Bergland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_presidential_election" title="1980 United States presidential election">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/Ed_Clark" title="Ed Clark">Clark</a>/<a href="/wiki/David_Koch" title="David Koch">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_United_States_presidential_election" title="1984 United States presidential election">1984</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Bergland" title="David Bergland">Bergland</a>/<a href="/wiki/James_A._Lewis_(politician)" title="James A. Lewis (politician)">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_United_States_presidential_election" title="1988 United States presidential election">1988</a> <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul</a>/<a href="/wiki/Andre_Marrou" title="Andre Marrou">Marrou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_presidential_election" title="1992 United States presidential election">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/Andre_Marrou" title="Andre Marrou">Marrou</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nancy_Lord" title="Nancy Lord">Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_United_States_presidential_election" title="1996 United States presidential election">1996</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne" title="Harry Browne">Browne</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jorgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">2000</a> <a href="/wiki/Harry_Browne" title="Harry Browne">Browne</a>/<a href="/wiki/Art_Olivier" title="Art Olivier">Olivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">2004</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Badnarik" title="Michael Badnarik">Badnarik</a>/<a href="/wiki/Richard_Campagna" title="Richard Campagna">Campagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">2008</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Barr" title="Bob Barr">Barr</a>/<a href="/wiki/Wayne_Allyn_Root" title="Wayne Allyn Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">2012</a> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Johnson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Jim_Gray_(jurist)" title="Jim Gray (jurist)">Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016</a> <a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Johnson</a>/<a href="/wiki/Bill_Weld" title="Bill Weld">Weld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="2020 United States presidential election">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jorgensen</a>/<a href="/wiki/Spike_Cohen" title="Spike Cohen">Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_United_States_presidential_election" title="2024 United States presidential election">2024</a> <a href="/wiki/Chase_Oliver" title="Chase Oliver">Oliver</a>/<a href="/wiki/Mike_ter_Maat" title="Mike ter Maat">ter Maat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_parties_of_the_Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="List of state parties of the Libertarian Party (United States)">Parties by state<br />and territory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Alabama" title="Libertarian Party of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Party of Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Libertarian_Party" title="Arizona Libertarian Party">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Arkansas" title="Libertarian Party of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_California" title="Libertarian Party of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Colorado" title="Libertarian Party of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Connecticut" title="Libertarian Party of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Delaware" title="Libertarian Party of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Florida" title="Libertarian Party of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Georgia" title="Libertarian Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Party of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Idaho" title="Libertarian Party of Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Illinois" title="Libertarian Party of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Indiana" title="Libertarian Party of Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Iowa" title="Libertarian Party of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Kansas" title="Libertarian Party of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Kentucky" title="Libertarian Party of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Louisiana" title="Libertarian Party of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Maine" title="Libertarian Party of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Maryland" title="Libertarian Party of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Libertarians_of_Massachusetts" title="Unified Libertarians of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Michigan" title="Libertarian Party of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Minnesota" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Party of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Mississippi" title="Libertarian Party of Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Missouri" title="Libertarian Party of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Libertarian_Party" title="Montana Libertarian Party">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Nebraska" title="Libertarian Party of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Nevada" title="Libertarian Party of Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_New_Hampshire" title="Libertarian Party of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_Libertarian_Party" title="New Jersey Libertarian Party">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_New_Mexico_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Free New Mexico Party">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_New_York" title="Libertarian Party of New York">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_North_Carolina" title="Libertarian Party of North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_North_Dakota" title="Libertarian Party of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Ohio" title="Libertarian Party of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Oklahoma" title="Libertarian Party of Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Oregon" title="Libertarian Party of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Pennsylvania" title="Libertarian Party of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Party of Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_South_Carolina" title="Libertarian Party of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_South_Dakota" title="Libertarian Party of South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Tennessee" title="Libertarian Party of Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Texas" title="Libertarian Party of Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Utah" title="Libertarian Party of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Vermont" title="Libertarian Party of Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Virginia" title="Libertarian Party of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Washington" title="Libertarian Party of Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian Party of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Wisconsin" title="Libertarian Party of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Wyoming" title="Libertarian Party of Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Libertarian Party of the District of Columbia">District of Columbia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_National_Convention" title="Libertarian National Convention">Conventions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_National_Convention#1972" title="Libertarian National Convention">1972 (Denver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_Libertarian_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1973 Libertarian National Convention">1973 (Strongsville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_National_Convention#1974" title="Libertarian National Convention">1974 (Irving)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_Libertarian_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1975 Libertarian National Convention">1975 (New York City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_National_Convention#1976" title="Libertarian National Convention">1976 (Washington, D.C.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1977 Libertarian National Convention">1977 (San Francisco)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_National_Convention#1978" title="Libertarian National Convention">1978 (Boston)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Libertarian_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1979 Libertarian National Convention">1979 (Los Angeles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_National_Convention#Alternative_'80" title="Libertarian National Convention">1980 (Los Angeles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_Libertarian_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1981 Libertarian National Convention">1981 (Denver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1983 Libertarian National Convention">1983 (New York City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_Libertarian_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1985 Libertarian National Convention">1985 (Phoenix)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1987 Libertarian National Convention">1987 (Seattle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_Libertarian_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1989 Libertarian National Convention">1989 (Philadelphia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1991 Libertarian National Convention">1991 (Chicago)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Libertarian_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1993 Libertarian National Convention">1993 (Salt Lake City)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="1996 Libertarian National Convention">1996 (Washington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Libertarian_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1998 Libertarian National Convention">1998 (Washington)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2000 Libertarian National Convention">2000 (Anaheim)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_National_Convention#2002" title="Libertarian National Convention">2002 (Indianapolis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2004 Libertarian National Convention">2004 (Atlanta)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_National_Convention#2006" title="Libertarian National Convention">2006 (Portland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2008 Libertarian National Convention">2008 (Denver)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2010 Libertarian National Convention">2010 (St. Louis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2012 Libertarian National Convention">2012 (Las Vegas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2014 Libertarian National Convention">2014 (Columbus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2016 Libertarian National Convention">2016 (Orlando)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2018 Libertarian National Convention">2018 (New Orleans)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2020 Libertarian National Convention">2020 (Orlando)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/2021_Libertarian_National_Committee_chair_special_election" title="2021 Libertarian National Committee chair special election">2021 chair election</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Libertarian_National_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Libertarian National Convention">2022 (Reno)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Libertarian_National_Convention" title="2024 Libertarian National Convention">2024 (Washington)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliated<br />organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_National_Committee" title="Libertarian National Committee">Libertarian National Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Caucus" title="Mises Caucus">Mises Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LPRadicals" title="LPRadicals">Radical Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarians_for_Life" title="Libertarians for Life">Libertarians for Life</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_to_Form_a_Libertarian_Party" title="Committee to Form a Libertarian Party">Committee to Form a Libertarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Libertarian Party (United States)">Party factions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Accord" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Accord">Dallas Accord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Electoral history of the Libertarian Party (United States)">Electoral history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="History of the Libertarian Party (United States)">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_pledge" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian pledge">Libertarian pledge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/16px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/24px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/32px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="647" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism" title="Portal:Libertarianism">Libertarianism portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="(←_1968)_1972_United_States_presidential_election_(1976_→)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template:1972 United States presidential election"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="Template talk:1972 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1972 United States presidential election"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="(←_1968)_1972_United_States_presidential_election_(1976_→)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">(<a href="/wiki/1968_United_States_presidential_election" title="1968 United States presidential election">← 1968</a>) <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_presidential_election" title="1972 United States presidential election">1972 United States presidential election</a> (<a href="/wiki/1976_United_States_presidential_election" title="1976 United States presidential election">1976 →</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #E81B23;"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_National_Convention" title="1972 Republican National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Republican Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Incumbent nominee: <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon_1972_presidential_campaign" title="Richard Nixon 1972 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Incumbent VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Spiro_Agnew" title="Spiro Agnew">Spiro Agnew</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/John_M._Ashbrook" title="John M. Ashbrook">John M. Ashbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_McCloskey" title="Pete McCloskey">Pete McCloskey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:right;;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #3333FF;"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_National_Convention" title="1972 Democratic National Convention">Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries">Primaries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">George McGovern</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern_1972_presidential_campaign" title="George McGovern 1972 presidential campaign">campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Sargent_Shriver" title="Sargent Shriver">Sargent Shriver</a></b> <ul><li>replacing <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Thomas Eagleton</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Other candidates:</b> <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Chisholm" title="Shirley Chisholm">Shirley Chisholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Fauntroy" title="Walter Fauntroy">Walter Fauntroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_R._Harris" title="Fred R. Harris">Fred R. Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vance_Hartke" title="Vance Hartke">Vance Hartke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Hays" title="Wayne Hays">Wayne Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubert_Humphrey" title="Hubert Humphrey">Hubert Humphrey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_M._Jackson" title="Henry M. Jackson">Henry M. Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lindsay" title="John Lindsay">John Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_McCarthy" title="Eugene McCarthy">Eugene McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Mills" title="Wilbur Mills">Wilbur Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy_Mink" title="Patsy Mink">Patsy Mink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Muskie" title="Edmund Muskie">Edmund Muskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Sanford" title="Terry Sanford">Terry Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">George Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Yorty" title="Sam Yorty">Sam Yorty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Third-party_and_independent_candidates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third-party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">independent</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_third_party_and_independent_presidential_candidates,_1972" class="mw-redirect" title="United States third party and independent presidential candidates, 1972">candidates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #800080;"><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_G._Schmitz" title="John G. Schmitz">John G. Schmitz </a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Thomas_J._Anderson_(author)" title="Thomas J. Anderson (author)">Thomas J. Anderson</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #D50000;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Gus_Hall" title="Gus Hall">Gus Hall</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Tyner" title="Jarvis Tyner">Jarvis Tyner</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FED105;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/John_Hospers" title="John Hospers">John Hospers</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tonie Nathan</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 red;"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1971)" title="People's Party (United States, 1971)">People's Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Spock" title="Benjamin Spock">Benjamin Spock</a></b></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Julius_Hobson" title="Julius Hobson">Julius Hobson </a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #FF00FF;"><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/E._Harold_Munn" title="E. Harold Munn">E. Harold Munn</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DD051D;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Louis_Fisher" title="Louis Fisher">Louis Fisher</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #AA0000;"><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Nominee: <a href="/wiki/Linda_Jenness" title="Linda Jenness">Linda Jenness</a></b> <ul><li>Alternate nominee: <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Reed" title="Evelyn Reed">Evelyn Reed</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>VP nominee: <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Pulley" title="Andrew Pulley">Andrew Pulley</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #DDDDBB;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Candidates: <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Green_(ufologist)" title="Gabriel Green (ufologist)">Gabriel Green</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Other 1972 elections</b>: <a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1972 United States House of Representatives elections">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_Senate_elections" title="1972 United States Senate elections">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_United_States_gubernatorial_elections" title="1972 United States gubernatorial elections">Gubernatorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output 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