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seriously.</p> <textarea name="feedback" class="form-control width-full mb-2" style="height: 120px" id="feedback"></textarea> <input name="include_email" id="include_email" aria-label="Include my email address so I can be contacted" class="form-control mr-2" type="checkbox"> <label for="include_email" style="font-weight: normal">Include my email address so I can be contacted</label> </form></div> </scrollable-region> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-footer Overlay-footer--alignEnd"> <button data-close-dialog-id="feedback-dialog" type="button" data-view-component="true" class="btn"> Cancel </button> <button form="code-search-feedback-form" data-action="click:qbsearch-input#submitFeedback" type="submit" data-view-component="true" class="btn-primary btn"> Submit feedback </button> </div> </dialog></dialog-helper> <custom-scopes data-target="qbsearch-input.customScopesManager"> <dialog-helper> <dialog data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialog" 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width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-x"> <path d="M3.72 3.72a.75.75 0 0 1 1.06 0L8 6.94l3.22-3.22a.749.749 0 0 1 1.275.326.749.749 0 0 1-.215.734L9.06 8l3.22 3.22a.749.749 0 0 1-.326 1.275.749.749 0 0 1-.734-.215L8 9.06l-3.22 3.22a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042L6.94 8 3.72 4.78a.75.75 0 0 1 0-1.06Z"></path> </svg></button> </div> </div> </div> <scrollable-region data-labelled-by="custom-scopes-dialog-title"> <div data-view-component="true" class="Overlay-body"> <div data-target="custom-scopes.customScopesModalDialogFlash"></div> <div hidden class="create-custom-scope-form" data-target="custom-scopes.createCustomScopeForm"> <!-- '"` --><!-- </textarea></xmp> --></option></form><form id="custom-scopes-dialog-form" data-turbo="false" action="/search/custom_scopes" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" name="authenticity_token" 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src=\"https://github.com/tokio-rs/prost/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg?branch=master\" alt=\"continuous integration\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://docs.rs/prost/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8eadc65b95f2a125cb5e8ab1ef4c0cea063ecc2f9664d7c6c4cc0fae624ccbdb/68747470733a2f2f646f63732e72732f70726f73742f62616467652e737667\" alt=\"Documentation\" data-canonical-src=\"https://docs.rs/prost/badge.svg\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://crates.io/crates/prost\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/88985d749ee5550df459f8c61e3c4e96d45d1e8a7557c64d579e1c3006a56ef9/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6372617465732f762f70726f73742e737667\" alt=\"Crate\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/crates/v/prost.svg\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://deps.rs/repo/github/tokio-rs/prost\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/5e34c519cb98f43318a749fa04d34171f658039fc06b845f56811d67e6d8aa12/68747470733a2f2f646570732e72732f7265706f2f6769746875622f746f6b696f2d72732f70726f73742f7374617475732e737667\" alt=\"Dependency Status\" data-canonical-src=\"https://deps.rs/repo/github/tokio-rs/prost/status.svg\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://discord.gg/tokio\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https://camo.githubusercontent.com/5e02c83e908f2a0e27a4978fdc6cfe170979b996ba9c88aa65885e77b3ebd587/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f646973636f72642f353030303238383836303235383935393336\" alt=\"Discord\" data-canonical-src=\"https://img.shields.io/discord/500028886025895936\" style=\"max-width: 100%;\"\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch1 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePROST!\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/h1\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-prost\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: PROST!\" href=\"#prost\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e is a \u003ca href=\"https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eProtocol Buffers\u003c/a\u003e\nimplementation for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rust-lang.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eRust Language\u003c/a\u003e. \u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e\ngenerates simple, idiomatic Rust code from \u003ccode\u003eproto2\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eproto3\u003c/code\u003e files.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCompared to other Protocol Buffers implementations, \u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGenerates simple, idiomatic, and readable Rust types by taking advantage of\nRust \u003ccode\u003ederive\u003c/code\u003e attributes.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRetains comments from \u003ccode\u003e.proto\u003c/code\u003e files in generated Rust code.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAllows existing Rust types (not generated from a \u003ccode\u003e.proto\u003c/code\u003e) to be serialized\nand deserialized by adding attributes.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUses the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/carllerche/bytes\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebytes::{Buf, BufMut}\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\nabstractions for serialization instead of \u003ccode\u003estd::io::{Read, Write}\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRespects the Protobuf \u003ccode\u003epackage\u003c/code\u003e specifier when organizing generated code\ninto Rust modules.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePreserves unknown enum values during deserialization.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDoes not include support for runtime reflection or message descriptors.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUsing \u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e in a Cargo Project\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-using-prost-in-a-cargo-project\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Using prost in a Cargo Project\" href=\"#using-prost-in-a-cargo-project\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFirst, add \u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e and its public dependencies to your \u003ccode\u003eCargo.toml\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-gitignore notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"[dependencies]\nprost = \u0026quot;0.13\u0026quot;\n# Only necessary if using Protobuf well-known types:\nprost-types = \u0026quot;0.13\u0026quot;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edependencies\u003c/span\u003e]\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003eprost\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e\"0.13\"\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Only necessary if using Protobuf well-known types:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003eprost-types\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e\"0.13\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe recommended way to add \u003ccode\u003e.proto\u003c/code\u003e compilation to a Cargo project is to use the\n\u003ccode\u003eprost-build\u003c/code\u003e library. See the \u003ca href=\"https://docs.rs/prost-build/latest/prost_build/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eprost-build\u003c/code\u003e documentation\u003c/a\u003e for\nmore details and examples.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/danburkert/snazzy\"\u003esnazzy repository\u003c/a\u003e for a simple start-to-finish example.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMSRV\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-msrv\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: MSRV\" href=\"#msrv\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e follows the \u003ccode\u003etokio-rs\u003c/code\u003e project's MSRV model and supports 1.70. For more\ninformation on the tokio msrv policy you can check it out \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/#supported-rust-versions\"\u003ehere\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGenerated Code\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-generated-code\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Generated Code\" href=\"#generated-code\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e generates Rust code from source \u003ccode\u003e.proto\u003c/code\u003e files using the \u003ccode\u003eproto2\u003c/code\u003e or\n\u003ccode\u003eproto3\u003c/code\u003e syntax. \u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e's goal is to make the generated code as simple as\npossible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eprotoc\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-protoc\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: protoc\" href=\"#protoc\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWith \u003ccode\u003eprost-build\u003c/code\u003e v0.11 release, \u003ccode\u003eprotoc\u003c/code\u003e will be required to invoke\n\u003ccode\u003ecompile_protos\u003c/code\u003e (unless \u003ccode\u003eskip_protoc\u003c/code\u003e is enabled). Prost will no longer provide\nbundled \u003ccode\u003eprotoc\u003c/code\u003e or attempt to compile \u003ccode\u003eprotoc\u003c/code\u003e for users. For install\ninstructions for \u003ccode\u003eprotoc\u003c/code\u003e, please check out the \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf#protobuf-compiler-installation\"\u003eprotobuf install\u003c/a\u003e instructions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003ePackages\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-packages\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Packages\" href=\"#packages\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eProst can now generate code for \u003ccode\u003e.proto\u003c/code\u003e files that don't have a package spec.\n\u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e will translate the Protobuf package into\na Rust module. For example, given the \u003ccode\u003epackage\u003c/code\u003e specifier:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-proto notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"package foo.bar;\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epackage\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003efoo.bar\u003c/span\u003e;\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll Rust types generated from the file will be in the \u003ccode\u003efoo::bar\u003c/code\u003e module.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMessages\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-messages\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Messages\" href=\"#messages\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eGiven a simple message declaration:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-proto notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"// Sample message.\nmessage Foo {\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Sample message.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eFoo\u003c/span\u003e {\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e will generate the following Rust struct:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"/// Sample message.\n#[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Message)]\npub struct Foo {\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e/// Sample message.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003ederive\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eClone\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eDebug\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003ePartialEq\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMessage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estruct\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eFoo\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFields\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-fields\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Fields\" href=\"#fields\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFields in Protobuf messages are translated into Rust as public struct fields of the\ncorresponding type.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eScalar Values\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-scalar-values\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Scalar Values\" href=\"#scalar-values\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eScalar value types are converted as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eProtobuf Type\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eRust Type\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003edouble\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ef64\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003efloat\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ef32\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eint32\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ei32\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eint64\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ei64\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003euint32\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eu32\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003euint64\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eu64\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003esint32\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ei32\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003esint64\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ei64\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003efixed32\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eu32\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003efixed64\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eu64\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003esfixed32\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ei32\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003esfixed64\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ei64\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebool\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebool\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003estring\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eString\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003ebytes\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eVec\u0026lt;u8\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eEnumerations\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-enumerations\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Enumerations\" href=\"#enumerations\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAll \u003ccode\u003e.proto\u003c/code\u003e enumeration types convert to the Rust \u003ccode\u003ei32\u003c/code\u003e type. Additionally,\neach enumeration type gets a corresponding Rust \u003ccode\u003eenum\u003c/code\u003e type. For example, this\n\u003ccode\u003eproto\u003c/code\u003e enum:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-proto notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"enum PhoneType {\n MOBILE = 0;\n HOME = 1;\n WORK = 2;\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eenum\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eMOBILE\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e;\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eHOME\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e;\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eWORK\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e;\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003egets this corresponding Rust enum \u003csup\u003e\u003ca href=\"#user-content-fn-1-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969\" id=\"user-content-fnref-1-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969\" data-footnote-ref=\"\" aria-describedby=\"footnote-label\"\u003e1\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"pub enum PhoneType {\n Mobile = 0,\n Home = 1,\n Work = 2,\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eenum\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMobile\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eHome\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eWork\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou can convert a \u003ccode\u003ePhoneType\u003c/code\u003e value to an \u003ccode\u003ei32\u003c/code\u003e by doing:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"PhoneType::Mobile as i32\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMobile\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eas\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ei32\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003e#[derive(::prost::Enumeration)]\u003c/code\u003e annotation added to the generated\n\u003ccode\u003ePhoneType\u003c/code\u003e adds these associated functions to the type:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"impl PhoneType {\n pub fn is_valid(value: i32) -\u0026gt; bool { ... }\n #[deprecated]\n pub fn from_i32(value: i32) -\u0026gt; Option\u0026lt;PhoneType\u0026gt; { ... }\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimpl\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eis_valid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003evalue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ei32\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e -\u0026gt; \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ebool\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e ..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003edeprecated\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003efrom_i32\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003evalue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ei32\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e -\u0026gt; \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eOption\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e ..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIt also adds an \u003ccode\u003eimpl TryFrom\u0026lt;i32\u0026gt; for PhoneType\u003c/code\u003e, so you can convert an \u003ccode\u003ei32\u003c/code\u003e to its corresponding \u003ccode\u003ePhoneType\u003c/code\u003e value by doing,\nfor example:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"let phone_type = 2i32;\n\nmatch PhoneType::try_from(phone_type) {\n Ok(PhoneType::Mobile) =\u0026gt; ...,\n Ok(PhoneType::Home) =\u0026gt; ...,\n Ok(PhoneType::Work) =\u0026gt; ...,\n Err(_) =\u0026gt; ...,\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e phone_type = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e2i32\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ematch\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003etry_from\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003ephone_type\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eOk\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMobile\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e =\u0026gt; ..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eOk\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eHome\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e =\u0026gt; ..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eOk\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eWork\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e =\u0026gt; ..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eErr\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e_\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e =\u0026gt; ..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAdditionally, wherever a \u003ccode\u003eproto\u003c/code\u003e enum is used as a field in a \u003ccode\u003eMessage\u003c/code\u003e, the\nmessage will have 'accessor' methods to get/set the value of the field as the\nRust enum type. For instance, this proto \u003ccode\u003ePhoneNumber\u003c/code\u003e message that has a field\nnamed \u003ccode\u003etype\u003c/code\u003e of type \u003ccode\u003ePhoneType\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-proto notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"message PhoneNumber {\n string number = 1;\n PhoneType type = 2;\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ePhoneNumber\u003c/span\u003e {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003enumber\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e;\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003etype\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e;\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003ewill become the following Rust type \u003csup\u003e\u003ca href=\"#user-content-fn-2-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969\" id=\"user-content-fnref-2-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969\" data-footnote-ref=\"\" aria-describedby=\"footnote-label\"\u003e2\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e with methods \u003ccode\u003etype\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eset_type\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"pub struct PhoneNumber {\n pub number: String,\n pub r#type: i32, // the `r#` is needed because `type` is a Rust keyword\n}\n\nimpl PhoneNumber {\n pub fn r#type(\u0026amp;self) -\u0026gt; PhoneType { ... }\n pub fn set_type(\u0026amp;mut self, value: PhoneType) { ... }\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estruct\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneNumber\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003enumber\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003er#type\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ei32\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// the `r#` is needed because `type` is a Rust keyword\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eimpl\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneNumber\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003er#type\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e -\u0026gt; \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e ..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003efn\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eset_type\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emut\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eself\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s1\"\u003evalue\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e ..\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNote that the getter methods will return the Rust enum's default value if the\nfield has an invalid \u003ccode\u003ei32\u003c/code\u003e value.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003eenum\u003c/code\u003e type isn't used directly as a field, because the Protobuf spec\nmandates that enumerations values are 'open', and decoding unrecognized\nenumeration values must be possible.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eField Modifiers\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-field-modifiers\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Field Modifiers\" href=\"#field-modifiers\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eProtobuf scalar value and enumeration message fields can have a modifier\ndepending on the Protobuf version. Modifiers change the corresponding type of\nthe Rust field:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cmarkdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth\u003e\u003ccode\u003e.proto\u003c/code\u003e Version\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eModifier\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth\u003eRust Type\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eproto2\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoptional\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eOption\u0026lt;T\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eproto2\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003erequired\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eT\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eproto3\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003edefault\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eT\u003c/code\u003e for scalar types, \u003ccode\u003eOption\u0026lt;T\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e otherwise\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eproto3\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoptional\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eOption\u0026lt;T\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eproto2\u003c/code\u003e/\u003ccode\u003eproto3\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003erepeated\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003ccode\u003eVec\u0026lt;T\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/markdown-accessiblity-table\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eNote that in \u003ccode\u003eproto3\u003c/code\u003e the default representation for all user-defined message\ntypes is \u003ccode\u003eOption\u0026lt;T\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e, and for scalar types just \u003ccode\u003eT\u003c/code\u003e (during decoding, a missing\nvalue is populated by \u003ccode\u003eT::default()\u003c/code\u003e). If you need a witness of the presence of\na scalar type \u003ccode\u003eT\u003c/code\u003e, use the \u003ccode\u003eoptional\u003c/code\u003e modifier to enforce an \u003ccode\u003eOption\u0026lt;T\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e\nrepresentation in the generated Rust struct.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMap Fields\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-map-fields\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Map Fields\" href=\"#map-fields\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMap fields are converted to a Rust \u003ccode\u003eHashMap\u003c/code\u003e with key and value type converted\nfrom the Protobuf key and value types.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eMessage Fields\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-message-fields\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Message Fields\" href=\"#message-fields\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eMessage fields are converted to the corresponding struct type. The table of\nfield modifiers above applies to message fields, except that \u003ccode\u003eproto3\u003c/code\u003e message\nfields without a modifier (the default) will be wrapped in an \u003ccode\u003eOption\u003c/code\u003e.\nTypically message fields are unboxed. \u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e will automatically box a message\nfield if the field type and the parent type are recursively nested in order to\navoid an infinite sized struct.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch4 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eOneof Fields\u003c/h4\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-oneof-fields\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Oneof Fields\" href=\"#oneof-fields\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eOneof fields convert to a Rust enum. Protobuf \u003ccode\u003eoneof\u003c/code\u003es types are not named, so\n\u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e uses the name of the \u003ccode\u003eoneof\u003c/code\u003e field for the resulting Rust enum, and\ndefines the enum in a module under the struct. For example, a \u003ccode\u003eproto3\u003c/code\u003e message\nsuch as:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-proto notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"message Foo {\n oneof widget {\n int32 quux = 1;\n string bar = 2;\n }\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eFoo\u003c/span\u003e {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eoneof\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ewidget\u003c/span\u003e {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eint32\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003equux\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e;\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ebar\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e;\n }\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003egenerates the following Rust\u003csup\u003e\u003ca href=\"#user-content-fn-3-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969\" id=\"user-content-fnref-3-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969\" data-footnote-ref=\"\" aria-describedby=\"footnote-label\"\u003e3\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"pub struct Foo {\n pub widget: Option\u0026lt;foo::Widget\u0026gt;,\n}\npub mod foo {\n pub enum Widget {\n Quux(i32),\n Bar(String),\n }\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estruct\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eFoo\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ewidget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eOption\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003efoo\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eWidget\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emod\u003c/span\u003e foo \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eenum\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eWidget\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eQuux\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ei32\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eBar\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eoneof\u003c/code\u003e fields are always wrapped in an \u003ccode\u003eOption\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eServices\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-services\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Services\" href=\"#services\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eprost-build\u003c/code\u003e allows a custom code-generator to be used for processing \u003ccode\u003eservice\u003c/code\u003e\ndefinitions. This can be used to output Rust traits according to an\napplication's specific needs.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eGenerated Code Example\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-generated-code-example\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Generated Code Example\" href=\"#generated-code-example\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eExample \u003ccode\u003e.proto\u003c/code\u003e file:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-proto notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"syntax = \u0026quot;proto3\u0026quot;;\npackage tutorial;\n\nmessage Person {\n string name = 1;\n int32 id = 2; // Unique ID number for this person.\n string email = 3;\n\n enum PhoneType {\n MOBILE = 0;\n HOME = 1;\n WORK = 2;\n }\n\n message PhoneNumber {\n string number = 1;\n PhoneType type = 2;\n }\n\n repeated PhoneNumber phones = 4;\n}\n\n// Our address book file is just one of these.\nmessage AddressBook {\n repeated Person people = 1;\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003esyntax\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"proto3\"\u003c/span\u003e;\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epackage\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003etutorial\u003c/span\u003e;\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ePerson\u003c/span\u003e {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e;\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eint32\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e; \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Unique ID number for this person.\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eemail\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e;\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eenum\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eMOBILE\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e;\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eHOME\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e;\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eWORK\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e;\n }\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ePhoneNumber\u003c/span\u003e {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estring\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003enumber\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e;\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003etype\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e;\n }\n\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003erepeated\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ePhoneNumber\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ephones\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e;\n}\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// Our address book file is just one of these.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emessage\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003eAddressBook\u003c/span\u003e {\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003erepeated\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003ePerson\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003epeople\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e;\n}\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eand the generated Rust code (\u003ccode\u003etutorial.rs\u003c/code\u003e):\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]\npub struct Person {\n #[prost(string, tag=\u0026quot;1\u0026quot;)]\n pub name: ::prost::alloc::string::String,\n /// Unique ID number for this person.\n #[prost(int32, tag=\u0026quot;2\u0026quot;)]\n pub id: i32,\n #[prost(string, tag=\u0026quot;3\u0026quot;)]\n pub email: ::prost::alloc::string::String,\n #[prost(message, repeated, tag=\u0026quot;4\u0026quot;)]\n pub phones: ::prost::alloc::vec::Vec\u0026lt;person::PhoneNumber\u0026gt;,\n}\n/// Nested message and enum types in `Person`.\npub mod person {\n #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]\n pub struct PhoneNumber {\n #[prost(string, tag=\u0026quot;1\u0026quot;)]\n pub number: ::prost::alloc::string::String,\n #[prost(enumeration=\u0026quot;PhoneType\u0026quot;, tag=\u0026quot;2\u0026quot;)]\n pub r#type: i32,\n }\n #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, ::prost::Enumeration)]\n #[repr(i32)]\n pub enum PhoneType {\n Mobile = 0,\n Home = 1,\n Work = 2,\n }\n}\n/// Our address book file is just one of these.\n#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)]\npub struct AddressBook {\n #[prost(message, repeated, tag=\u0026quot;1\u0026quot;)]\n pub people: ::prost::alloc::vec::Vec\u0026lt;Person\u0026gt;,\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003ederive\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eClone\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003ePartialEq\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMessage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estruct\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePerson\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e tag=\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"1\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ename\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003ealloc\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e/// Unique ID number for this person.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003eint32\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e tag=\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"2\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ei32\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e tag=\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"3\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eemail\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003ealloc\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003emessage\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e repeated\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e tag=\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"4\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ephones\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003ealloc\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003evec\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eVec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003eperson\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneNumber\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e/// Nested message and enum types in `Person`.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emod\u003c/span\u003e person \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003ederive\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eClone\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003ePartialEq\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMessage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estruct\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneNumber\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e tag=\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"1\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003enumber\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003ealloc\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003eenumeration=\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"PhoneType\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e tag=\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"2\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003er#type\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ei32\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003ederive\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eClone\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eCopy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eDebug\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003ePartialEq\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eEq\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eHash\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003ePartialOrd\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eOrd\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eEnumeration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003erepr\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ei32\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eenum\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePhoneType\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMobile\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eHome\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eWork\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e/// Our address book file is just one of these.\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003ederive\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eClone\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003ePartialEq\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMessage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estruct\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eAddressBook\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003emessage\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e repeated\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e tag=\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"1\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003epeople\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003ealloc\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003evec\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eVec\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026lt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePerson\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e\u0026gt;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eAccessing the \u003ccode\u003eprotoc\u003c/code\u003e \u003ccode\u003eFileDescriptorSet\u003c/code\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-accessing-the-protoc-filedescriptorset\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Accessing the protocFileDescriptorSet\" href=\"#accessing-the-protoc-filedescriptorset\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe \u003ccode\u003eprost_build::Config::file_descriptor_set_path\u003c/code\u003e option can be used to emit a file descriptor set\nduring the build \u0026amp; code generation step. When used in conjunction with the \u003ccode\u003estd::include_bytes\u003c/code\u003e\nmacro and the \u003ccode\u003eprost_types::FileDescriptorSet\u003c/code\u003e type, applications and libraries using Prost can\nimplement introspection capabilities requiring details from the original \u003ccode\u003e.proto\u003c/code\u003e files.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eUsing \u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e in a \u003ccode\u003eno_std\u003c/code\u003e Crate\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-using-prost-in-a-no_std-crate\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Using prost in a no_std Crate\" href=\"#using-prost-in-a-no_std-crate\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e is compatible with \u003ccode\u003eno_std\u003c/code\u003e crates. To enable \u003ccode\u003eno_std\u003c/code\u003e support, disable\nthe \u003ccode\u003estd\u003c/code\u003e features in \u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eprost-types\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-gitignore notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"[dependencies]\nprost = { version = \u0026quot;0.13.5\u0026quot;, default-features = false, features = [\u0026quot;derive\u0026quot;] }\n# Only necessary if using Protobuf well-known types:\nprost-types = { version = \u0026quot;0.13.5\u0026quot;, default-features = false }\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e[\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003edependencies\u003c/span\u003e]\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003eprost\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003eversion\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e\"0.13.5\",\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003edefault-features\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003efalse,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003efeatures\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e [\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\"derive\"\u003c/span\u003e] \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e#\u003c/span\u003e Only necessary if using Protobuf well-known types:\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003eprost-types\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003eversion\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e\"0.13.5\",\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003edefault-features\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e=\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003efalse\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAdditionally, configure \u003ccode\u003eprost-build\u003c/code\u003e to output \u003ccode\u003eBTreeMap\u003c/code\u003es instead of \u003ccode\u003eHashMap\u003c/code\u003es\nfor all Protobuf \u003ccode\u003emap\u003c/code\u003e fields in your \u003ccode\u003ebuild.rs\u003c/code\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"let mut config = prost_build::Config::new();\nconfig.btree_map(\u0026amp;[\u0026quot;.\u0026quot;]);\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003elet\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003emut\u003c/span\u003e config = prost_build\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eConfig\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003enew\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\nconfig\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-en\"\u003ebtree_map\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e\u0026amp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\".\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eWhen using edition 2015, it may be necessary to add an \u003ccode\u003eextern crate core;\u003c/code\u003e\ndirective to the crate which includes \u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e-generated code.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eSerializing Existing Types\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-serializing-existing-types\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Serializing Existing Types\" href=\"#serializing-existing-types\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e uses a custom derive macro to handle encoding and decoding types, which\nmeans that if your existing Rust type is compatible with Protobuf types, you can\nserialize and deserialize it by adding the appropriate derive and field\nannotations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCurrently the best documentation on adding annotations is to look at the\ngenerated code examples above.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch3 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eTag Inference for Existing Types\u003c/h3\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-tag-inference-for-existing-types\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Tag Inference for Existing Types\" href=\"#tag-inference-for-existing-types\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eProst automatically infers tags for the struct.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eFields are tagged sequentially in the order they\nare specified, starting with \u003ccode\u003e1\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eYou may skip tags which have been reserved, or where there are gaps between\nsequentially occurring tag values by specifying the tag number to skip to with\nthe \u003ccode\u003etag\u003c/code\u003e attribute on the first field after the gap. The following fields will\nbe tagged sequentially starting from the next number.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"use prost;\nuse prost::{Enumeration, Message};\n\n#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Message)]\nstruct Person {\n #[prost(string, tag = \u0026quot;1\u0026quot;)]\n pub id: String, // tag=1\n // NOTE: Old \u0026quot;name\u0026quot; field has been removed\n // pub name: String, // tag=2 (Removed)\n #[prost(string, tag = \u0026quot;6\u0026quot;)]\n pub given_name: String, // tag=6\n #[prost(string)]\n pub family_name: String, // tag=7\n #[prost(string)]\n pub formatted_name: String, // tag=8\n #[prost(uint32, tag = \u0026quot;3\u0026quot;)]\n pub age: u32, // tag=3\n #[prost(uint32)]\n pub height: u32, // tag=4\n #[prost(enumeration = \u0026quot;Gender\u0026quot;)]\n pub gender: i32, // tag=5\n // NOTE: Skip to less commonly occurring fields\n #[prost(string, tag = \u0026quot;16\u0026quot;)]\n pub name_prefix: String, // tag=16 (eg. mr/mrs/ms)\n #[prost(string)]\n pub name_suffix: String, // tag=17 (eg. jr/esq)\n #[prost(string)]\n pub maiden_name: String, // tag=18\n}\n\n#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Enumeration)]\npub enum Gender {\n Unknown = 0,\n Female = 1,\n Male = 2,\n}\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e prost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003euse\u003c/span\u003e prost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e::\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eEnumeration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMessage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e;\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003ederive\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eClone\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003ePartialEq\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMessage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003estruct\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ePerson\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e tag = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"1\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eid\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// tag=1\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// NOTE: Old \"name\" field has been removed\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// pub name: String, // tag=2 (Removed)\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e tag = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"6\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003egiven_name\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// tag=6\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003efamily_name\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// tag=7\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eformatted_name\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// tag=8\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003euint32\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e tag = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"3\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eage\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eu32\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// tag=3\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003euint32\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003eheight\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eu32\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// tag=4\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003eenumeration = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"Gender\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003egender\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003ei32\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// tag=5\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// NOTE: Skip to less commonly occurring fields\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e tag = \u003cspan class=\"pl-s\"\u003e\"16\"\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ename_prefix\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// tag=16 (eg. mr/mrs/ms)\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003ename_suffix\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// tag=17 (eg. jr/esq)\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003eprost\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003estring\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003emaiden_name\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e:\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eString\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-c\"\u003e// tag=18\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\n\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e#\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e[\u003c/span\u003ederive\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e(\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eClone\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eCopy\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eDebug\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003ePartialEq\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eEq\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eEnumeration\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e]\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003epub\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-k\"\u003eenum\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-smi\"\u003eGender\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e{\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eUnknown\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eFemale\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n \u003cspan class=\"pl-v\"\u003eMale\u003c/span\u003e = \u003cspan class=\"pl-c1\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e,\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-kos\"\u003e}\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eNix\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-nix\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Nix\" href=\"#nix\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eThe prost project maintains flakes support for local development. Once you have\nnix and nix flakes setup you can just run \u003ccode\u003enix develop\u003c/code\u003e to get a shell\nconfigured with the required dependencies to compile the whole project.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFeature Flags\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-feature-flags\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: Feature Flags\" href=\"#feature-flags\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003estd\u003c/code\u003e: Enable integration with standard library. Disable this feature for \u003ccode\u003eno_std\u003c/code\u003e support. This feature is enabled by default.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003ederive\u003c/code\u003e: Enable integration with \u003ccode\u003eprost-derive\u003c/code\u003e. Disable this feature to reduce compile times. This feature is enabled by default.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eprost-derive\u003c/code\u003e: Deprecated. Alias for \u003ccode\u003ederive\u003c/code\u003e feature.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ccode\u003eno-recursion-limit\u003c/code\u003e: Disable the recursion limit. The recursion limit is 100 and cannot be customized.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFAQ\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-faq\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: FAQ\" href=\"#faq\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCould \u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e be implemented as a serializer for \u003ca href=\"https://serde.rs/\" rel=\"nofollow\"\u003eSerde\u003c/a\u003e?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eProbably not, however I would like to hear from a Serde expert on the matter.\nThere are two complications with trying to serialize Protobuf messages with\nSerde:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cul dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProtobuf fields require a numbered tag, and currently there appears to be no\nmechanism suitable for this in \u003ccode\u003eserde\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe mapping of Protobuf type to Rust type is not 1-to-1. As a result,\ntrait-based approaches to dispatching don't work very well. Example: six\ndifferent Protobuf field types correspond to a Rust \u003ccode\u003eVec\u0026lt;i32\u0026gt;\u003c/code\u003e: \u003ccode\u003erepeated int32\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003erepeated sint32\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003erepeated sfixed32\u003c/code\u003e, and their packed\ncounterparts.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eBut it is possible to place \u003ccode\u003eserde\u003c/code\u003e derive tags onto the generated types, so\nthe same structure can support both \u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eSerde\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"2\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI get errors when trying to run \u003ccode\u003ecargo test\u003c/code\u003e on MacOS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eIf the errors are about missing \u003ccode\u003eautoreconf\u003c/code\u003e or similar, you can probably fix\nthem by running\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"highlight highlight-source-gitignore notranslate position-relative overflow-auto\" dir=\"auto\" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content=\"brew install automake\nbrew install libtool\"\u003e\u003cpre\u003e\u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003ebrew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003einstall\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003eautomake\u003c/span\u003e\n\u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003ebrew\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003einstall\u003c/span\u003e \u003cspan class=\"pl-e\"\u003elibtool\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/pre\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"markdown-heading\" dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ch2 tabindex=\"-1\" class=\"heading-element\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eLicense\u003c/h2\u003e\u003ca id=\"user-content-license\" class=\"anchor\" aria-label=\"Permalink: License\" href=\"#license\"\u003e\u003csvg class=\"octicon octicon-link\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\" version=\"1.1\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" aria-hidden=\"true\"\u003e\u003cpath d=\"m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z\"\u003e\u003c/path\u003e\u003c/svg\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003e\u003ccode\u003eprost\u003c/code\u003e is distributed under the terms of the Apache License (Version 2.0).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eSee \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/tokio-rs/prost/blob/master/LICENSE\"\u003eLICENSE\u003c/a\u003e for details.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eCopyright 2022 Dan Burkert \u0026amp; Tokio Contributors\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003csection data-footnotes=\"\" class=\"footnotes\"\u003e\u003ch2 id=\"footnote-label\" class=\"sr-only\" dir=\"auto\"\u003eFootnotes\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003col dir=\"auto\"\u003e\n\u003cli id=\"user-content-fn-1-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnnotations have been elided for clarity. See below for a full example. \u003ca href=\"#user-content-fnref-1-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969\" data-footnote-backref=\"\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 1\" class=\"data-footnote-backref\"\u003e↩\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli id=\"user-content-fn-2-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnnotations have been elided for clarity. See below for a full example. \u003ca href=\"#user-content-fnref-2-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969\" data-footnote-backref=\"\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 2\" class=\"data-footnote-backref\"\u003e↩\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli id=\"user-content-fn-3-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969\"\u003e\n\u003cp dir=\"auto\"\u003eAnnotations have been elided for clarity. See below for a full example. \u003ca href=\"#user-content-fnref-3-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969\" data-footnote-backref=\"\" aria-label=\"Back to reference 3\" class=\"data-footnote-backref\"\u003e↩\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003c/section\u003e\n\u003c/article\u003e","loaded":true,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":[{"level":1,"text":"PROST!","anchor":"prost","htmlText":"PROST!"},{"level":2,"text":"Using prost in a Cargo Project","anchor":"using-prost-in-a-cargo-project","htmlText":"Using prost in a Cargo Project"},{"level":3,"text":"MSRV","anchor":"msrv","htmlText":"MSRV"},{"level":2,"text":"Generated Code","anchor":"generated-code","htmlText":"Generated Code"},{"level":3,"text":"protoc","anchor":"protoc","htmlText":"protoc"},{"level":3,"text":"Packages","anchor":"packages","htmlText":"Packages"},{"level":3,"text":"Messages","anchor":"messages","htmlText":"Messages"},{"level":3,"text":"Fields","anchor":"fields","htmlText":"Fields"},{"level":4,"text":"Scalar Values","anchor":"scalar-values","htmlText":"Scalar Values"},{"level":4,"text":"Enumerations","anchor":"enumerations","htmlText":"Enumerations"},{"level":4,"text":"Field Modifiers","anchor":"field-modifiers","htmlText":"Field Modifiers"},{"level":4,"text":"Map Fields","anchor":"map-fields","htmlText":"Map Fields"},{"level":4,"text":"Message Fields","anchor":"message-fields","htmlText":"Message Fields"},{"level":4,"text":"Oneof Fields","anchor":"oneof-fields","htmlText":"Oneof Fields"},{"level":3,"text":"Services","anchor":"services","htmlText":"Services"},{"level":3,"text":"Generated Code Example","anchor":"generated-code-example","htmlText":"Generated Code Example"},{"level":2,"text":"Accessing the protocFileDescriptorSet","anchor":"accessing-the-protoc-filedescriptorset","htmlText":"Accessing the protocFileDescriptorSet"},{"level":2,"text":"Using prost in a no_std Crate","anchor":"using-prost-in-a-no_std-crate","htmlText":"Using prost in a no_std Crate"},{"level":2,"text":"Serializing Existing Types","anchor":"serializing-existing-types","htmlText":"Serializing Existing Types"},{"level":3,"text":"Tag Inference for Existing Types","anchor":"tag-inference-for-existing-types","htmlText":"Tag Inference for Existing Types"},{"level":2,"text":"Nix","anchor":"nix","htmlText":"Nix"},{"level":2,"text":"Feature Flags","anchor":"feature-flags","htmlText":"Feature Flags"},{"level":2,"text":"FAQ","anchor":"faq","htmlText":"FAQ"},{"level":2,"text":"License","anchor":"license","htmlText":"License"}],"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ftokio-rs%2Fprost"}},{"displayName":"LICENSE","repoName":"prost","refName":"master","path":"LICENSE","preferredFileType":"license","tabName":"Apache-2.0","richText":null,"loaded":false,"timedOut":false,"errorMessage":null,"headerInfo":{"toc":null,"siteNavLoginPath":"/login?return_to=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ftokio-rs%2Fprost"}}],"overviewFilesProcessingTime":0}},"appPayload":{"helpUrl":"https://docs.github.com","findFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-file-worker-7d7eb7c71814.js","findInFileWorkerPath":"/assets-cdn/worker/find-in-file-worker-708ec8ade250.js","githubDevUrl":null,"enabled_features":{"copilot_workspace":null,"code_nav_ui_events":false,"overview_shared_code_dropdown_button":true,"react_blob_overlay":false,"accessible_code_button":true,"github_models_repo_integration":false}}}}</script> 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class="markdown-body entry-content container-lg" itemprop="text"><p dir="auto"><a href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/prost/actions/workflows/ci.yml?query=branch%3Amaster"><img src="https://github.com/tokio-rs/prost/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg?branch=master" alt="continuous integration" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://docs.rs/prost/" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8eadc65b95f2a125cb5e8ab1ef4c0cea063ecc2f9664d7c6c4cc0fae624ccbdb/68747470733a2f2f646f63732e72732f70726f73742f62616467652e737667" alt="Documentation" data-canonical-src="https://docs.rs/prost/badge.svg" style="max-width: 100%;"></a> <a href="https://crates.io/crates/prost" rel="nofollow"><img src="https://camo.githubusercontent.com/88985d749ee5550df459f8c61e3c4e96d45d1e8a7557c64d579e1c3006a56ef9/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6372617465732f762f70726f73742e737667" alt="Crate" data-canonical-src="https://img.shields.io/crates/v/prost.svg" style="max-width: 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href="#prost"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><code>prost</code> is a <a href="https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/" rel="nofollow">Protocol Buffers</a> implementation for the <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/" rel="nofollow">Rust Language</a>. <code>prost</code> generates simple, idiomatic Rust code from <code>proto2</code> and <code>proto3</code> files.</p> <p dir="auto">Compared to other Protocol Buffers implementations, <code>prost</code></p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Generates simple, idiomatic, and readable Rust types by taking advantage of Rust <code>derive</code> attributes.</li> <li>Retains comments from <code>.proto</code> files in generated Rust code.</li> <li>Allows existing Rust types (not generated from a <code>.proto</code>) to be serialized and deserialized by adding attributes.</li> <li>Uses the <a href="https://github.com/carllerche/bytes"><code>bytes::{Buf, BufMut}</code></a> abstractions for serialization instead of <code>std::io::{Read, Write}</code>.</li> <li>Respects the Protobuf <code>package</code> specifier when organizing generated code into Rust modules.</li> <li>Preserves unknown enum values during deserialization.</li> <li>Does not include support for runtime reflection or message descriptors.</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Using <code>prost</code> in a Cargo Project</h2><a id="user-content-using-prost-in-a-cargo-project" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Using prost in a Cargo Project" href="#using-prost-in-a-cargo-project"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">First, add <code>prost</code> and its public dependencies to your <code>Cargo.toml</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-gitignore notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="[dependencies] prost = "0.13" # Only necessary if using Protobuf well-known types: prost-types = "0.13""><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">dependencies</span>] <span class="pl-e">prost</span> <span class="pl-e">=</span> <span class="pl-e">"0.13"</span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Only necessary if using Protobuf well-known types:</span> <span class="pl-e">prost-types</span> <span class="pl-e">=</span> <span class="pl-e">"0.13"</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">The recommended way to add <code>.proto</code> compilation to a Cargo project is to use the <code>prost-build</code> library. See the <a href="https://docs.rs/prost-build/latest/prost_build/" rel="nofollow"><code>prost-build</code> documentation</a> for more details and examples.</p> <p dir="auto">See the <a href="https://github.com/danburkert/snazzy">snazzy repository</a> for a simple start-to-finish example.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">MSRV</h3><a id="user-content-msrv" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: MSRV" href="#msrv"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><code>prost</code> follows the <code>tokio-rs</code> project's MSRV model and supports 1.70. For more information on the tokio msrv policy you can check it out <a href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/#supported-rust-versions">here</a></p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Generated Code</h2><a id="user-content-generated-code" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Generated Code" href="#generated-code"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><code>prost</code> generates Rust code from source <code>.proto</code> files using the <code>proto2</code> or <code>proto3</code> syntax. <code>prost</code>'s goal is to make the generated code as simple as possible.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto"><code>protoc</code></h3><a id="user-content-protoc" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: protoc" href="#protoc"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">With <code>prost-build</code> v0.11 release, <code>protoc</code> will be required to invoke <code>compile_protos</code> (unless <code>skip_protoc</code> is enabled). Prost will no longer provide bundled <code>protoc</code> or attempt to compile <code>protoc</code> for users. For install instructions for <code>protoc</code>, please check out the <a href="https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf#protobuf-compiler-installation">protobuf install</a> instructions.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Packages</h3><a id="user-content-packages" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Packages" href="#packages"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Prost can now generate code for <code>.proto</code> files that don't have a package spec. <code>prost</code> will translate the Protobuf package into a Rust module. For example, given the <code>package</code> specifier:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-proto notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="package foo.bar;"><pre><span class="pl-k">package</span> <span class="pl-s">foo.bar</span>;</pre></div> <p dir="auto">All Rust types generated from the file will be in the <code>foo::bar</code> module.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Messages</h3><a id="user-content-messages" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Messages" href="#messages"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Given a simple message declaration:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-proto notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="// Sample message. message Foo { }"><pre><span class="pl-c">// Sample message.</span> <span class="pl-k">message</span> <span class="pl-en">Foo</span> { }</pre></div> <p dir="auto"><code>prost</code> will generate the following Rust struct:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="/// Sample message. #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Message)] pub struct Foo { }"><pre><span class="pl-c">/// Sample message.</span> <span class="pl-c"></span><span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>derive<span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-v">Clone</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Debug</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">PartialEq</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Message</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">struct</span> <span class="pl-smi">Foo</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Fields</h3><a id="user-content-fields" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Fields" href="#fields"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Fields in Protobuf messages are translated into Rust as public struct fields of the corresponding type.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Scalar Values</h4><a id="user-content-scalar-values" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Scalar Values" href="#scalar-values"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Scalar value types are converted as follows:</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th>Protobuf Type</th> <th>Rust Type</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>double</code></td> <td><code>f64</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>float</code></td> <td><code>f32</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>int32</code></td> <td><code>i32</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>int64</code></td> <td><code>i64</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>uint32</code></td> <td><code>u32</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>uint64</code></td> <td><code>u64</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>sint32</code></td> <td><code>i32</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>sint64</code></td> <td><code>i64</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>fixed32</code></td> <td><code>u32</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>fixed64</code></td> <td><code>u64</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>sfixed32</code></td> <td><code>i32</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>sfixed64</code></td> <td><code>i64</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>bool</code></td> <td><code>bool</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>string</code></td> <td><code>String</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>bytes</code></td> <td><code>Vec<u8></code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Enumerations</h4><a id="user-content-enumerations" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Enumerations" href="#enumerations"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">All <code>.proto</code> enumeration types convert to the Rust <code>i32</code> type. Additionally, each enumeration type gets a corresponding Rust <code>enum</code> type. For example, this <code>proto</code> enum:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-proto notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="enum PhoneType { MOBILE = 0; HOME = 1; WORK = 2; }"><pre><span class="pl-k">enum</span> <span class="pl-en">PhoneType</span> { <span class="pl-smi">MOBILE</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span>; <span class="pl-smi">HOME</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">1</span>; <span class="pl-smi">WORK</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">2</span>; }</pre></div> <p dir="auto">gets this corresponding Rust enum <sup><a href="#user-content-fn-1-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969" id="user-content-fnref-1-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969" data-footnote-ref="" aria-describedby="footnote-label">1</a></sup>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="pub enum PhoneType { Mobile = 0, Home = 1, Work = 2, }"><pre><span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">enum</span> <span class="pl-smi">PhoneType</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Mobile</span> = <span class="pl-c1">0</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Home</span> = <span class="pl-c1">1</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Work</span> = <span class="pl-c1">2</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">You can convert a <code>PhoneType</code> value to an <code>i32</code> by doing:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="PhoneType::Mobile as i32"><pre><span class="pl-smi">PhoneType</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-v">Mobile</span> <span class="pl-k">as</span> <span class="pl-smi">i32</span><span class="pl-kos"></span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">The <code>#[derive(::prost::Enumeration)]</code> annotation added to the generated <code>PhoneType</code> adds these associated functions to the type:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="impl PhoneType { pub fn is_valid(value: i32) -> bool { ... } #[deprecated] pub fn from_i32(value: i32) -> Option<PhoneType> { ... } }"><pre><span class="pl-k">impl</span> <span class="pl-smi">PhoneType</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">fn</span> <span class="pl-en">is_valid</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">value</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">i32</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> -> <span class="pl-smi">bool</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> ..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>deprecated<span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">fn</span> <span class="pl-en">from_i32</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-s1">value</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">i32</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> -> <span class="pl-smi">Option</span><span class="pl-kos"><</span><span class="pl-smi">PhoneType</span><span class="pl-kos">></span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> ..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">It also adds an <code>impl TryFrom<i32> for PhoneType</code>, so you can convert an <code>i32</code> to its corresponding <code>PhoneType</code> value by doing, for example:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="let phone_type = 2i32; match PhoneType::try_from(phone_type) { Ok(PhoneType::Mobile) => ..., Ok(PhoneType::Home) => ..., Ok(PhoneType::Work) => ..., Err(_) => ..., }"><pre><span class="pl-k">let</span> phone_type = <span class="pl-c1">2i32</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">match</span> <span class="pl-smi">PhoneType</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">try_from</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span>phone_type<span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Ok</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-smi">PhoneType</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-v">Mobile</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> => ..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Ok</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-smi">PhoneType</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-v">Home</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> => ..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Ok</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-smi">PhoneType</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-v">Work</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> => ..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Err</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span>_<span class="pl-kos">)</span> => ..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Additionally, wherever a <code>proto</code> enum is used as a field in a <code>Message</code>, the message will have 'accessor' methods to get/set the value of the field as the Rust enum type. For instance, this proto <code>PhoneNumber</code> message that has a field named <code>type</code> of type <code>PhoneType</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-proto notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="message PhoneNumber { string number = 1; PhoneType type = 2; }"><pre><span class="pl-k">message</span> <span class="pl-en">PhoneNumber</span> { <span class="pl-k">string</span> <span class="pl-smi">number</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">1</span>; <span class="pl-k">PhoneType</span> <span class="pl-smi">type</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">2</span>; }</pre></div> <p dir="auto">will become the following Rust type <sup><a href="#user-content-fn-2-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969" id="user-content-fnref-2-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969" data-footnote-ref="" aria-describedby="footnote-label">2</a></sup> with methods <code>type</code> and <code>set_type</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="pub struct PhoneNumber { pub number: String, pub r#type: i32, // the `r#` is needed because `type` is a Rust keyword } impl PhoneNumber { pub fn r#type(&self) -> PhoneType { ... } pub fn set_type(&mut self, value: PhoneType) { ... } }"><pre><span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">struct</span> <span class="pl-smi">PhoneNumber</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">number</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">r#type</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">i32</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// the `r#` is needed because `type` is a Rust keyword</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">impl</span> <span class="pl-smi">PhoneNumber</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">fn</span> <span class="pl-en">r#type</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-c1">&</span><span class="pl-smi">self</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> -> <span class="pl-smi">PhoneType</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> ..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">fn</span> <span class="pl-en">set_type</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-c1">&</span><span class="pl-k">mut</span> <span class="pl-smi">self</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-s1">value</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">PhoneType</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> ..<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-c1"></span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Note that the getter methods will return the Rust enum's default value if the field has an invalid <code>i32</code> value.</p> <p dir="auto">The <code>enum</code> type isn't used directly as a field, because the Protobuf spec mandates that enumerations values are 'open', and decoding unrecognized enumeration values must be possible.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Field Modifiers</h4><a id="user-content-field-modifiers" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Field Modifiers" href="#field-modifiers"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Protobuf scalar value and enumeration message fields can have a modifier depending on the Protobuf version. Modifiers change the corresponding type of the Rust field:</p> <markdown-accessiblity-table><table> <thead> <tr> <th><code>.proto</code> Version</th> <th>Modifier</th> <th>Rust Type</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><code>proto2</code></td> <td><code>optional</code></td> <td><code>Option<T></code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>proto2</code></td> <td><code>required</code></td> <td><code>T</code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>proto3</code></td> <td>default</td> <td><code>T</code> for scalar types, <code>Option<T></code> otherwise</td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>proto3</code></td> <td><code>optional</code></td> <td><code>Option<T></code></td> </tr> <tr> <td><code>proto2</code>/<code>proto3</code></td> <td><code>repeated</code></td> <td><code>Vec<T></code></td> </tr> </tbody> </table></markdown-accessiblity-table> <p dir="auto">Note that in <code>proto3</code> the default representation for all user-defined message types is <code>Option<T></code>, and for scalar types just <code>T</code> (during decoding, a missing value is populated by <code>T::default()</code>). If you need a witness of the presence of a scalar type <code>T</code>, use the <code>optional</code> modifier to enforce an <code>Option<T></code> representation in the generated Rust struct.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Map Fields</h4><a id="user-content-map-fields" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Map Fields" href="#map-fields"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Map fields are converted to a Rust <code>HashMap</code> with key and value type converted from the Protobuf key and value types.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Message Fields</h4><a id="user-content-message-fields" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Message Fields" href="#message-fields"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Message fields are converted to the corresponding struct type. The table of field modifiers above applies to message fields, except that <code>proto3</code> message fields without a modifier (the default) will be wrapped in an <code>Option</code>. Typically message fields are unboxed. <code>prost</code> will automatically box a message field if the field type and the parent type are recursively nested in order to avoid an infinite sized struct.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h4 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Oneof Fields</h4><a id="user-content-oneof-fields" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Oneof Fields" href="#oneof-fields"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Oneof fields convert to a Rust enum. Protobuf <code>oneof</code>s types are not named, so <code>prost</code> uses the name of the <code>oneof</code> field for the resulting Rust enum, and defines the enum in a module under the struct. For example, a <code>proto3</code> message such as:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-proto notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="message Foo { oneof widget { int32 quux = 1; string bar = 2; } }"><pre><span class="pl-k">message</span> <span class="pl-en">Foo</span> { <span class="pl-k">oneof</span> <span class="pl-smi">widget</span> { <span class="pl-k">int32</span> <span class="pl-smi">quux</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">1</span>; <span class="pl-k">string</span> <span class="pl-smi">bar</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">2</span>; } }</pre></div> <p dir="auto">generates the following Rust<sup><a href="#user-content-fn-3-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969" id="user-content-fnref-3-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969" data-footnote-ref="" aria-describedby="footnote-label">3</a></sup>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="pub struct Foo { pub widget: Option<foo::Widget>, } pub mod foo { pub enum Widget { Quux(i32), Bar(String), } }"><pre><span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">struct</span> <span class="pl-smi">Foo</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">widget</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">Option</span><span class="pl-kos"><</span>foo<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">Widget</span><span class="pl-kos">></span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">mod</span> foo <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">enum</span> <span class="pl-smi">Widget</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Quux</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-smi">i32</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Bar</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto"><code>oneof</code> fields are always wrapped in an <code>Option</code>.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Services</h3><a id="user-content-services" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Services" href="#services"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><code>prost-build</code> allows a custom code-generator to be used for processing <code>service</code> definitions. This can be used to output Rust traits according to an application's specific needs.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Generated Code Example</h3><a id="user-content-generated-code-example" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Generated Code Example" href="#generated-code-example"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Example <code>.proto</code> file:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-proto notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="syntax = "proto3"; package tutorial; message Person { string name = 1; int32 id = 2; // Unique ID number for this person. string email = 3; enum PhoneType { MOBILE = 0; HOME = 1; WORK = 2; } message PhoneNumber { string number = 1; PhoneType type = 2; } repeated PhoneNumber phones = 4; } // Our address book file is just one of these. message AddressBook { repeated Person people = 1; }"><pre><span class="pl-k">syntax</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-s">"proto3"</span>; <span class="pl-k">package</span> <span class="pl-s">tutorial</span>; <span class="pl-k">message</span> <span class="pl-en">Person</span> { <span class="pl-k">string</span> <span class="pl-smi">name</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">1</span>; <span class="pl-k">int32</span> <span class="pl-smi">id</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">2</span>; <span class="pl-c">// Unique ID number for this person.</span> <span class="pl-k">string</span> <span class="pl-smi">email</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">3</span>; <span class="pl-k">enum</span> <span class="pl-en">PhoneType</span> { <span class="pl-smi">MOBILE</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">0</span>; <span class="pl-smi">HOME</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">1</span>; <span class="pl-smi">WORK</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">2</span>; } <span class="pl-k">message</span> <span class="pl-en">PhoneNumber</span> { <span class="pl-k">string</span> <span class="pl-smi">number</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">1</span>; <span class="pl-k">PhoneType</span> <span class="pl-smi">type</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">2</span>; } <span class="pl-k">repeated</span> <span class="pl-k">PhoneNumber</span> <span class="pl-smi">phones</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">4</span>; } <span class="pl-c">// Our address book file is just one of these.</span> <span class="pl-k">message</span> <span class="pl-en">AddressBook</span> { <span class="pl-k">repeated</span> <span class="pl-k">Person</span> <span class="pl-smi">people</span> <span class="pl-k">=</span> <span class="pl-c1">1</span>; }</pre></div> <p dir="auto">and the generated Rust code (<code>tutorial.rs</code>):</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)] pub struct Person { #[prost(string, tag="1")] pub name: ::prost::alloc::string::String, /// Unique ID number for this person. #[prost(int32, tag="2")] pub id: i32, #[prost(string, tag="3")] pub email: ::prost::alloc::string::String, #[prost(message, repeated, tag="4")] pub phones: ::prost::alloc::vec::Vec<person::PhoneNumber>, } /// Nested message and enum types in `Person`. pub mod person { #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)] pub struct PhoneNumber { #[prost(string, tag="1")] pub number: ::prost::alloc::string::String, #[prost(enumeration="PhoneType", tag="2")] pub r#type: i32, } #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, ::prost::Enumeration)] #[repr(i32)] pub enum PhoneType { Mobile = 0, Home = 1, Work = 2, } } /// Our address book file is just one of these. #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, ::prost::Message)] pub struct AddressBook { #[prost(message, repeated, tag="1")] pub people: ::prost::alloc::vec::Vec<Person>, }"><pre><span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>derive<span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-v">Clone</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">PartialEq</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">::</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-v">Message</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">struct</span> <span class="pl-smi">Person</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>string<span class="pl-kos">,</span> tag=<span class="pl-s">"1"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">name</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-kos">::</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">::</span>alloc<span class="pl-kos">::</span>string<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">/// Unique ID number for this person.</span> <span class="pl-c"></span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>int32<span class="pl-kos">,</span> tag=<span class="pl-s">"2"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">id</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">i32</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>string<span class="pl-kos">,</span> tag=<span class="pl-s">"3"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">email</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-kos">::</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">::</span>alloc<span class="pl-kos">::</span>string<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>message<span class="pl-kos">,</span> repeated<span class="pl-kos">,</span> tag=<span class="pl-s">"4"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">phones</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-kos">::</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">::</span>alloc<span class="pl-kos">::</span>vec<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">Vec</span><span class="pl-kos"><</span>person<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">PhoneNumber</span><span class="pl-kos">></span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c">/// Nested message and enum types in `Person`.</span> <span class="pl-c"></span><span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">mod</span> person <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>derive<span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-v">Clone</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">PartialEq</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">::</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-v">Message</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">struct</span> <span class="pl-smi">PhoneNumber</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>string<span class="pl-kos">,</span> tag=<span class="pl-s">"1"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">number</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-kos">::</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">::</span>alloc<span class="pl-kos">::</span>string<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>enumeration=<span class="pl-s">"PhoneType"</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> tag=<span class="pl-s">"2"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">r#type</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">i32</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>derive<span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-v">Clone</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Copy</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Debug</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">PartialEq</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Eq</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Hash</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">PartialOrd</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Ord</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">::</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-v">Enumeration</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>repr<span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-smi">i32</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">enum</span> <span class="pl-smi">PhoneType</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Mobile</span> = <span class="pl-c1">0</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Home</span> = <span class="pl-c1">1</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Work</span> = <span class="pl-c1">2</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c">/// Our address book file is just one of these.</span> <span class="pl-c"></span><span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>derive<span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-v">Clone</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">PartialEq</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">::</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-v">Message</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">struct</span> <span class="pl-smi">AddressBook</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>message<span class="pl-kos">,</span> repeated<span class="pl-kos">,</span> tag=<span class="pl-s">"1"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">people</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-kos">::</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">::</span>alloc<span class="pl-kos">::</span>vec<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">Vec</span><span class="pl-kos"><</span><span class="pl-smi">Person</span><span class="pl-kos">></span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Accessing the <code>protoc</code> <code>FileDescriptorSet</code></h2><a id="user-content-accessing-the-protoc-filedescriptorset" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Accessing the protocFileDescriptorSet" href="#accessing-the-protoc-filedescriptorset"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The <code>prost_build::Config::file_descriptor_set_path</code> option can be used to emit a file descriptor set during the build & code generation step. When used in conjunction with the <code>std::include_bytes</code> macro and the <code>prost_types::FileDescriptorSet</code> type, applications and libraries using Prost can implement introspection capabilities requiring details from the original <code>.proto</code> files.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Using <code>prost</code> in a <code>no_std</code> Crate</h2><a id="user-content-using-prost-in-a-no_std-crate" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Using prost in a no_std Crate" href="#using-prost-in-a-no_std-crate"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><code>prost</code> is compatible with <code>no_std</code> crates. To enable <code>no_std</code> support, disable the <code>std</code> features in <code>prost</code> and <code>prost-types</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-gitignore notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="[dependencies] prost = { version = "0.13.5", default-features = false, features = ["derive"] } # Only necessary if using Protobuf well-known types: prost-types = { version = "0.13.5", default-features = false }"><pre>[<span class="pl-c1">dependencies</span>] <span class="pl-e">prost</span> <span class="pl-e">=</span> <span class="pl-e">{</span> <span class="pl-e">version</span> <span class="pl-e">=</span> <span class="pl-e">"0.13.5",</span> <span class="pl-e">default-features</span> <span class="pl-e">=</span> <span class="pl-e">false,</span> <span class="pl-e">features</span> <span class="pl-e">=</span> [<span class="pl-c1">"derive"</span>] <span class="pl-e">}</span> <span class="pl-c"><span class="pl-c">#</span> Only necessary if using Protobuf well-known types:</span> <span class="pl-e">prost-types</span> <span class="pl-e">=</span> <span class="pl-e">{</span> <span class="pl-e">version</span> <span class="pl-e">=</span> <span class="pl-e">"0.13.5",</span> <span class="pl-e">default-features</span> <span class="pl-e">=</span> <span class="pl-e">false</span> <span class="pl-e">}</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">Additionally, configure <code>prost-build</code> to output <code>BTreeMap</code>s instead of <code>HashMap</code>s for all Protobuf <code>map</code> fields in your <code>build.rs</code>:</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="let mut config = prost_build::Config::new(); config.btree_map(&["."]);"><pre><span class="pl-k">let</span> <span class="pl-k">mut</span> config = prost_build<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-smi">Config</span><span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-en">new</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> config<span class="pl-kos">.</span><span class="pl-en">btree_map</span><span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-c1">&</span><span class="pl-kos">[</span><span class="pl-s">"."</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span></pre></div> <p dir="auto">When using edition 2015, it may be necessary to add an <code>extern crate core;</code> directive to the crate which includes <code>prost</code>-generated code.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Serializing Existing Types</h2><a id="user-content-serializing-existing-types" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Serializing Existing Types" href="#serializing-existing-types"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><code>prost</code> uses a custom derive macro to handle encoding and decoding types, which means that if your existing Rust type is compatible with Protobuf types, you can serialize and deserialize it by adding the appropriate derive and field annotations.</p> <p dir="auto">Currently the best documentation on adding annotations is to look at the generated code examples above.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h3 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Tag Inference for Existing Types</h3><a id="user-content-tag-inference-for-existing-types" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Tag Inference for Existing Types" href="#tag-inference-for-existing-types"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">Prost automatically infers tags for the struct.</p> <p dir="auto">Fields are tagged sequentially in the order they are specified, starting with <code>1</code>.</p> <p dir="auto">You may skip tags which have been reserved, or where there are gaps between sequentially occurring tag values by specifying the tag number to skip to with the <code>tag</code> attribute on the first field after the gap. The following fields will be tagged sequentially starting from the next number.</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-rust notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="use prost; use prost::{Enumeration, Message}; #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Message)] struct Person { #[prost(string, tag = "1")] pub id: String, // tag=1 // NOTE: Old "name" field has been removed // pub name: String, // tag=2 (Removed) #[prost(string, tag = "6")] pub given_name: String, // tag=6 #[prost(string)] pub family_name: String, // tag=7 #[prost(string)] pub formatted_name: String, // tag=8 #[prost(uint32, tag = "3")] pub age: u32, // tag=3 #[prost(uint32)] pub height: u32, // tag=4 #[prost(enumeration = "Gender")] pub gender: i32, // tag=5 // NOTE: Skip to less commonly occurring fields #[prost(string, tag = "16")] pub name_prefix: String, // tag=16 (eg. mr/mrs/ms) #[prost(string)] pub name_suffix: String, // tag=17 (eg. jr/esq) #[prost(string)] pub maiden_name: String, // tag=18 } #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Enumeration)] pub enum Gender { Unknown = 0, Female = 1, Male = 2, }"><pre><span class="pl-k">use</span> prost<span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-k">use</span> prost<span class="pl-kos">::</span><span class="pl-kos">{</span><span class="pl-v">Enumeration</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Message</span><span class="pl-kos">}</span><span class="pl-kos">;</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>derive<span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-v">Clone</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">PartialEq</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Message</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">struct</span> <span class="pl-smi">Person</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>string<span class="pl-kos">,</span> tag = <span class="pl-s">"1"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">id</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// tag=1</span> <span class="pl-c">// NOTE: Old "name" field has been removed</span> <span class="pl-c">// pub name: String, // tag=2 (Removed)</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>string<span class="pl-kos">,</span> tag = <span class="pl-s">"6"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">given_name</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// tag=6</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>string<span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">family_name</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// tag=7</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>string<span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">formatted_name</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// tag=8</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>uint32<span class="pl-kos">,</span> tag = <span class="pl-s">"3"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">age</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">u32</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// tag=3</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>uint32<span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">height</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">u32</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// tag=4</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>enumeration = <span class="pl-s">"Gender"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">gender</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">i32</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// tag=5</span> <span class="pl-c">// NOTE: Skip to less commonly occurring fields</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>string<span class="pl-kos">,</span> tag = <span class="pl-s">"16"</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">name_prefix</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// tag=16 (eg. mr/mrs/ms)</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>string<span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">name_suffix</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// tag=17 (eg. jr/esq)</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>prost<span class="pl-kos">(</span>string<span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-c1">maiden_name</span><span class="pl-kos">:</span> <span class="pl-smi">String</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-c">// tag=18</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span> <span class="pl-c1">#<span class="pl-kos">[</span>derive<span class="pl-kos">(</span><span class="pl-v">Clone</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Copy</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Debug</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">PartialEq</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Eq</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Enumeration</span><span class="pl-kos">)</span><span class="pl-kos">]</span></span> <span class="pl-k">pub</span> <span class="pl-k">enum</span> <span class="pl-smi">Gender</span> <span class="pl-kos">{</span> <span class="pl-v">Unknown</span> = <span class="pl-c1">0</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Female</span> = <span class="pl-c1">1</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-v">Male</span> = <span class="pl-c1">2</span><span class="pl-kos">,</span> <span class="pl-kos">}</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Nix</h2><a id="user-content-nix" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Nix" href="#nix"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto">The prost project maintains flakes support for local development. Once you have nix and nix flakes setup you can just run <code>nix develop</code> to get a shell configured with the required dependencies to compile the whole project.</p> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">Feature Flags</h2><a id="user-content-feature-flags" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: Feature Flags" href="#feature-flags"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ul dir="auto"> <li><code>std</code>: Enable integration with standard library. Disable this feature for <code>no_std</code> support. This feature is enabled by default.</li> <li><code>derive</code>: Enable integration with <code>prost-derive</code>. Disable this feature to reduce compile times. This feature is enabled by default.</li> <li><code>prost-derive</code>: Deprecated. Alias for <code>derive</code> feature.</li> <li><code>no-recursion-limit</code>: Disable the recursion limit. The recursion limit is 100 and cannot be customized.</li> </ul> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">FAQ</h2><a id="user-content-faq" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: FAQ" href="#faq"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <ol dir="auto"> <li><strong>Could <code>prost</code> be implemented as a serializer for <a href="https://serde.rs/" rel="nofollow">Serde</a>?</strong></li> </ol> <p dir="auto">Probably not, however I would like to hear from a Serde expert on the matter. There are two complications with trying to serialize Protobuf messages with Serde:</p> <ul dir="auto"> <li>Protobuf fields require a numbered tag, and currently there appears to be no mechanism suitable for this in <code>serde</code>.</li> <li>The mapping of Protobuf type to Rust type is not 1-to-1. As a result, trait-based approaches to dispatching don't work very well. Example: six different Protobuf field types correspond to a Rust <code>Vec<i32></code>: <code>repeated int32</code>, <code>repeated sint32</code>, <code>repeated sfixed32</code>, and their packed counterparts.</li> </ul> <p dir="auto">But it is possible to place <code>serde</code> derive tags onto the generated types, so the same structure can support both <code>prost</code> and <code>Serde</code>.</p> <ol start="2" dir="auto"> <li><strong>I get errors when trying to run <code>cargo test</code> on MacOS</strong></li> </ol> <p dir="auto">If the errors are about missing <code>autoreconf</code> or similar, you can probably fix them by running</p> <div class="highlight highlight-source-gitignore notranslate position-relative overflow-auto" dir="auto" data-snippet-clipboard-copy-content="brew install automake brew install libtool"><pre><span class="pl-e">brew</span> <span class="pl-e">install</span> <span class="pl-e">automake</span> <span class="pl-e">brew</span> <span class="pl-e">install</span> <span class="pl-e">libtool</span></pre></div> <div class="markdown-heading" dir="auto"><h2 tabindex="-1" class="heading-element" dir="auto">License</h2><a id="user-content-license" class="anchor" aria-label="Permalink: License" href="#license"><svg class="octicon octicon-link" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" height="16" aria-hidden="true"><path d="m7.775 3.275 1.25-1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1 4.95 4.95l-2.5 2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1 .018-1.042.751.751 0 0 1 1.042-.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l2.5-2.5a2.002 2.002 0 0 0-2.83-2.83l-1.25 1.25a.751.751 0 0 1-1.042-.018.751.751 0 0 1-.018-1.042Zm-4.69 9.64a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 2.83 0l1.25-1.25a.751.751 0 0 1 1.042.018.751.751 0 0 1 .018 1.042l-1.25 1.25a3.5 3.5 0 1 1-4.95-4.95l2.5-2.5a3.5 3.5 0 0 1 4.95 0 .751.751 0 0 1-.018 1.042.751.751 0 0 1-1.042.018 1.998 1.998 0 0 0-2.83 0l-2.5 2.5a1.998 1.998 0 0 0 0 2.83Z"></path></svg></a></div> <p dir="auto"><code>prost</code> is distributed under the terms of the Apache License (Version 2.0).</p> <p dir="auto">See <a href="https://github.com/tokio-rs/prost/blob/master/LICENSE">LICENSE</a> for details.</p> <p dir="auto">Copyright 2022 Dan Burkert & Tokio Contributors</p> <section data-footnotes="" class="footnotes"><h2 id="footnote-label" class="sr-only" dir="auto">Footnotes</h2> <ol dir="auto"> <li id="user-content-fn-1-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969"> <p dir="auto">Annotations have been elided for clarity. See below for a full example. <a href="#user-content-fnref-1-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969" data-footnote-backref="" aria-label="Back to reference 1" class="data-footnote-backref">↩</a></p> </li> <li id="user-content-fn-2-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969"> <p dir="auto">Annotations have been elided for clarity. See below for a full example. <a href="#user-content-fnref-2-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969" data-footnote-backref="" aria-label="Back to reference 2" class="data-footnote-backref">↩</a></p> </li> <li id="user-content-fn-3-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969"> <p dir="auto">Annotations have been elided for clarity. See below for a full example. <a href="#user-content-fnref-3-25ea4f50e5a98ee097287e9eee59e969" data-footnote-backref="" aria-label="Back to reference 3" class="data-footnote-backref">↩</a></p> </li> </ol> </section> </article></div></div></div></div></div> <!-- --> <!-- --> <script type="application/json" id="__PRIMER_DATA_:R0:__">{"resolvedServerColorMode":"day"}</script></div> </react-partial> <input type="hidden" data-csrf="true" value="zt0le6zenBfWW9JxnbRXhwEaEPD2qSBP8McmiICZ0Xt2CgvC5mGeZvMv8pyaMo4lVv6aCKzCi7z9YLUUNMrh1Q==" /> </div> <div data-view-component="true" class="Layout-sidebar"> <div class="BorderGrid about-margin" data-pjax> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <div class="hide-sm hide-md"> <h2 class="mb-3 h4">About</h2> <p class="f4 my-3"> PROST! a Protocol Buffers implementation for the Rust Language </p> <h3 class="sr-only">Topics</h3> <div class="my-3"> <div class="f6"> <a href="/topics/rust" title="Topic: rust" data-view-component="true" 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class="color-fg-muted">Custom properties</span></a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Stars</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/tokio-rs/prost/stargazers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-star mr-2"> <path d="M8 .25a.75.75 0 0 1 .673.418l1.882 3.815 4.21.612a.75.75 0 0 1 .416 1.279l-3.046 2.97.719 4.192a.751.751 0 0 1-1.088.791L8 12.347l-3.766 1.98a.75.75 0 0 1-1.088-.79l.72-4.194L.818 6.374a.75.75 0 0 1 .416-1.28l4.21-.611L7.327.668A.75.75 0 0 1 8 .25Zm0 2.445L6.615 5.5a.75.75 0 0 1-.564.41l-3.097.45 2.24 2.184a.75.75 0 0 1 .216.664l-.528 3.084 2.769-1.456a.75.75 0 0 1 .698 0l2.77 1.456-.53-3.084a.75.75 0 0 1 .216-.664l2.24-2.183-3.096-.45a.75.75 0 0 1-.564-.41L8 2.694Z"></path> </svg> <strong>4.2k</strong> stars</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Watchers</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/tokio-rs/prost/watchers" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-eye mr-2"> <path d="M8 2c1.981 0 3.671.992 4.933 2.078 1.27 1.091 2.187 2.345 2.637 3.023a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0 1.798c-.45.678-1.367 1.932-2.637 3.023C11.67 13.008 9.981 14 8 14c-1.981 0-3.671-.992-4.933-2.078C1.797 10.83.88 9.576.43 8.898a1.62 1.62 0 0 1 0-1.798c.45-.677 1.367-1.931 2.637-3.022C4.33 2.992 6.019 2 8 2ZM1.679 7.932a.12.12 0 0 0 0 .136c.411.622 1.241 1.75 2.366 2.717C5.176 11.758 6.527 12.5 8 12.5c1.473 0 2.825-.742 3.955-1.715 1.124-.967 1.954-2.096 2.366-2.717a.12.12 0 0 0 0-.136c-.412-.621-1.242-1.75-2.366-2.717C10.824 4.242 9.473 3.5 8 3.5c-1.473 0-2.825.742-3.955 1.715-1.124.967-1.954 2.096-2.366 2.717ZM8 10a2 2 0 1 1-.001-3.999A2 2 0 0 1 8 10Z"></path> </svg> <strong>33</strong> watching</a> </div> <h3 class="sr-only">Forks</h3> <div class="mt-2"> <a href="/tokio-rs/prost/forks" data-view-component="true" class="Link Link--muted"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-repo-forked mr-2"> <path d="M5 5.372v.878c0 .414.336.75.75.75h4.5a.75.75 0 0 0 .75-.75v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0v.878a2.25 2.25 0 0 1-2.25 2.25h-1.5v2.128a2.251 2.251 0 1 1-1.5 0V8.5h-1.5A2.25 2.25 0 0 1 3.5 6.25v-.878a2.25 2.25 0 1 1 1.5 0ZM5 3.25a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Zm6.75.75a.75.75 0 1 0 0-1.5.75.75 0 0 0 0 1.5Zm-3 8.75a.75.75 0 1 0-1.5 0 .75.75 0 0 0 1.5 0Z"></path> </svg> <strong>533</strong> forks</a> </div> <div class="mt-2"> <a class="Link--muted" href="/contact/report-content?content_url=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Ftokio-rs%2Fprost&report=tokio-rs+%28user%29"> Report repository </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame"> <a href="/tokio-rs/prost/releases" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link">Releases <span title="36" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">36</span></a></h2> <a class="Link--primary d-flex no-underline" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/tokio-rs/prost/releases/tag/v0.13.5"> <svg aria-hidden="true" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" version="1.1" width="16" data-view-component="true" class="octicon octicon-tag flex-shrink-0 mt-1 color-fg-success"> <path d="M1 7.775V2.75C1 1.784 1.784 1 2.75 1h5.025c.464 0 .91.184 1.238.513l6.25 6.25a1.75 1.75 0 0 1 0 2.474l-5.026 5.026a1.75 1.75 0 0 1-2.474 0l-6.25-6.25A1.752 1.752 0 0 1 1 7.775Zm1.5 0c0 .066.026.13.073.177l6.25 6.25a.25.25 0 0 0 .354 0l5.025-5.025a.25.25 0 0 0 0-.354l-6.25-6.25a.25.25 0 0 0-.177-.073H2.75a.25.25 0 0 0-.25.25ZM6 5a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2Z"></path> </svg> <div class="ml-2 min-width-0"> <div class="d-flex"> <span class="css-truncate css-truncate-target text-bold mr-2" style="max-width: none;">Prost v0.13.5</span> <span title="Label: Latest" data-view-component="true" class="Label Label--success flex-shrink-0"> Latest </span> </div> <div class="text-small color-fg-muted"><relative-time datetime="2025-02-12T06:57:38Z" class="no-wrap">Feb 12, 2025</relative-time></div> </div> </a> <div data-view-component="true" class="mt-3"> <a text="small" data-pjax="#repo-content-pjax-container" data-turbo-frame="repo-content-turbo-frame" href="/tokio-rs/prost/releases" data-view-component="true" class="Link">+ 35 releases</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3"> <a href="/orgs/tokio-rs/packages?repo_name=prost" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link d-flex flex-items-center">Packages <span title="0" hidden="hidden" data-view-component="true" class="Counter ml-1">0</span></a></h2> <div class="text-small color-fg-muted" > No packages published <br> </div> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row" > <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3"> <a href="/tokio-rs/prost/network/dependents" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link">Used by <span title="82,417" data-view-component="true" class="Counter">82.4k</span></a> </h2> <a class="d-flex flex-items-center" href="/tokio-rs/prost/network/dependents"> <ul class="hx_flex-avatar-stack list-style-none min-width-0"> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5903550?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@tarassh" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/195903860?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@CornyKon" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/195903860?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@CornyKon" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/195903860?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@CornyKon" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/195903860?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@CornyKon" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/65760561?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@Konstantin-Sh" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/80928197?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@Cursed-Solutions" /> </li> <li class="hx_flex-avatar-stack-item"> <img class="avatar avatar-user" src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5091634?s=64&v=4" width="32" height="32" alt="@vkrinitsyn" /> </li> </ul> <span class="px-2 text-bold text-small no-wrap"> + 82,409 </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="BorderGrid-row"> <div class="BorderGrid-cell"> <h2 class="h4 mb-3"> <a href="/tokio-rs/prost/graphs/contributors" data-view-component="true" class="Link--primary no-underline Link d-flex flex-items-center">Contributors <span title="159" data-view-component="true" class="Counter ml-1">159</span></a></h2> <ul class="list-style-none d-flex flex-wrap mb-n2"> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/danburkert" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/danburkert/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/160242?s=64&v=4" alt="@danburkert" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/caspermeijn" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/caspermeijn/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1286074?s=64&v=4" alt="@caspermeijn" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/LucioFranco" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/LucioFranco/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/5758045?s=64&v=4" alt="@LucioFranco" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/tottoto" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/tottoto/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16907501?s=64&v=4" alt="@tottoto" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/apps/dependabot" class="" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/in/29110?s=64&v=4" alt="@dependabot[bot]" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/gibbz00" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/gibbz00/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31696304?s=64&v=4" alt="@gibbz00" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/mzabaluev" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/mzabaluev/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/1198919?s=64&v=4" alt="@mzabaluev" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/briansmith" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/briansmith/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/16816?s=64&v=4" alt="@briansmith" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/neoeinstein" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/neoeinstein/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/18165?s=64&v=4" alt="@neoeinstein" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/mumbleskates" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/mumbleskates/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/6464813?s=64&v=4" alt="@mumbleskates" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/dfreese" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/dfreese/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/3452851?s=64&v=4" alt="@dfreese" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/ldm0" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/ldm0/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/31354274?s=64&v=4" alt="@ldm0" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/nrc" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/nrc/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/762626?s=64&v=4" alt="@nrc" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> </li> <li class="mb-2 mr-2" > <a href="https://github.com/vorner" class="" data-hovercard-type="user" data-hovercard-url="/users/vorner/hovercard" data-octo-click="hovercard-link-click" data-octo-dimensions="link_type:self" > <img src="https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/11783500?s=64&v=4" alt="@vorner" size="32" height="32" width="32" data-view-component="true" class="avatar circle" /> </a> 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