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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Behaviour</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Behaviour-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Behaviour subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Behaviour-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Movements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Breeding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Breeding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Breeding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Breeding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feeding" class="vector-toc-list-item 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<span>List of species</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_species-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Phylogeny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phylogeny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Phylogeny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phylogeny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> 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href="/wiki/File:Puffinus_gravisPCCA20070623-3738B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Great shearwater" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Puffinus_gravisPCCA20070623-3738B.jpg/220px-Puffinus_gravisPCCA20070623-3738B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Puffinus_gravisPCCA20070623-3738B.jpg/330px-Puffinus_gravisPCCA20070623-3738B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Puffinus_gravisPCCA20070623-3738B.jpg/440px-Puffinus_gravisPCCA20070623-3738B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="497" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="image-section"><a href="/wiki/Great_shearwater" title="Great shearwater">Great shearwater</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="section-header" style="min-width:15em;text-align:center;background:rgb(235,235,210);"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a><span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Procellariidae" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bird" title="Bird">Aves</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Procellariiformes" title="Procellariiformes">Procellariiformes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Procellariidae" title="Procellariidae">Procellariidae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="section-header" style="background:rgb(235,235,210);"><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Diversity</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="taxon-section"> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_shearwaters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of shearwaters">3 genera and c. 30 species</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="section-header" style="background:rgb(235,235,210);">Genera </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="section-content"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Calonectris" title="Calonectris">Calonectris</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puffinus" title="Puffinus">Puffinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ardenna" title="Ardenna">Ardenna</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227369696">.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox{text-align:left;width:200px;font-size:100%}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td:not(.image-section){padding:2px 10px}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox th.section-header{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.section-content{text-align:left;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.list-section{text-align:left;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.taxon-section{text-align:left;padding:0 0.25em}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox td.image-section{text-align:center;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy{margin:0 auto;text-align:left;background:transparent;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.biota-infobox table.taxonomy td{padding:1px}</style> <p><b>Shearwaters</b> are medium-sized long-winged <a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">seabirds</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Petrel" title="Petrel">petrel</a> family <a href="/wiki/Procellariidae" title="Procellariidae">Procellariidae</a>. They have a global marine distribution, but are most common in temperate and cold waters, and are <a href="/wiki/Pelagic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelagic">pelagic</a> outside the breeding season. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shearwater&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These <a href="/wiki/Procellariiformes" title="Procellariiformes">tubenose birds</a> fly with stiff wings and use a "shearing" flight technique (flying very close to the water and seemingly cutting or "shearing" the tips of waves) to move across wave fronts with the minimum of active flight. This technique gives the group its English name.<sup id="cite_ref-OED_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some small species, like the <a href="/wiki/Manx_shearwater" title="Manx shearwater">Manx shearwater</a> are <a href="/wiki/Cruciform" title="Cruciform">cruciform</a> in flight, with their long wings held directly out from their bodies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Behaviour">Behaviour</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shearwater&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Behaviour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Movements">Movements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shearwater&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Movements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many shearwaters are long-distance migrants, perhaps most spectacularly <a href="/wiki/Sooty_shearwater" title="Sooty shearwater">sooty shearwaters</a>, which cover distances in excess of 14,000 km (8,700 mi) from their breeding colonies on the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> (52°S 60°W) to as far as 70° north latitude in the North Atlantic Ocean off northern Norway, and around <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a> to as far as 60° north latitude in the North Pacific Ocean off Alaska. A 2006 study found individual tagged sooty shearwaters from New Zealand migrating 64,000 km (40,000 mi) a year,<sup id="cite_ref-Shaffer_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaffer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which gave them the then longest known animal migration ever recorded electronically (though subsequently greatly exceeded by a tagged <a href="/wiki/Arctic_tern" title="Arctic tern">arctic tern</a> migrating 96,000 km (60,000 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). <a href="/wiki/Short-tailed_shearwater" title="Short-tailed shearwater">Short-tailed shearwaters</a> perform an even longer "figure of eight" loop migration in the Pacific Ocean from <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a> to as far north as the Arctic Ocean off northwest Alaska. They are also long-lived: a Manx shearwater breeding on <a href="/wiki/Copeland_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Copeland Island">Copeland Island</a>, Northern Ireland, was (as of 2003/2004) the oldest known wild bird in the world; <a href="/wiki/Bird_ringing" title="Bird ringing">ringed</a> as an adult (when at least 5 years old) in July 1953, it was retrapped in July 2003, at least 55 years old (also now exceeded, by a <a href="/wiki/Laysan_albatross" title="Laysan albatross">Laysan albatross</a>). Manx shearwaters migrate over 10,000 km (6,200 mi) to South America in winter, using waters off southern Brazil and Argentina, so this bird had covered a minimum of 1,000,000 km (620,000 mi) on migration alone. </p><p>Following the tracks of the migratory <a href="/wiki/Yelkouan_shearwater" title="Yelkouan shearwater">Yelkouan shearwater</a> has revealed that this species never flies overland, even if it means flying an extra 1,000 km. For instance, during their seasonal migration towards the Black Sea they would circumvent the entire <a href="/wiki/Peloponnese" title="Peloponnese">Peloponnese</a> instead of crossing over the 6 km <a href="/wiki/Isthmus_of_Corinth" title="Isthmus of Corinth">Isthmus of Corinth</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Breeding">Breeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shearwater&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Breeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shearwaters come to islands and coastal cliffs only to breed. They are nocturnal at the colonial breeding sites, preferring moonless nights to minimize predation. They nest in <a href="/wiki/Burrow_nest" class="mw-redirect" title="Burrow nest">burrows</a> and often give eerie contact calls on their night-time visits. They lay a single white egg. The chicks of some species, notably short-tailed and sooty shearwaters, are subject to harvesting from their nest burrows for food, a practice known as <a href="/wiki/Muttonbirding" title="Muttonbirding">muttonbirding</a>, in Australia and New Zealand. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feeding">Feeding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shearwater&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Feeding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>They feed on fish, squid, and similar oceanic food. Some will follow fishing boats to take scraps, commonly the sooty shearwater; these species also commonly follow <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">whales</a> to feed on fish disturbed by them. Their primary feeding technique is diving, with some species diving to depths of 70 m (230 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-Shaffer_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shaffer-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shearwater&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Taxonomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are about 30 <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>: a few larger ones in the genera <i><a href="/wiki/Calonectris" title="Calonectris">Calonectris</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Ardenna" title="Ardenna">Ardenna</a></i> and many smaller ones in <i><a href="/wiki/Puffinus" title="Puffinus">Puffinus</a></i>. Recent genomic studies show that Shearwaters form a clade with <i><a href="/wiki/Procellaria" title="Procellaria">Procellaria</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bulweria" title="Bulweria">Bulweria</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Pseudobulweria" title="Pseudobulweria">Pseudobulweria</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Estandia_et_al._2021_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Estandia_et_al._2021-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This arrangement contrasts with earlier conceptions based on mitochondrial DNA sequencing. <sup id="cite_ref-Bretagnolle_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bretagnolle-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nunn_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nunn-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Austin_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Austin-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_species">List of species</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shearwater&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: List of species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The group contains 3 genera with 32 species.<sup id="cite_ref-ioc_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ioc-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Puffinus" title="Puffinus">Puffinus</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_shearwater" title="Christmas shearwater">Christmas shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus nativitatis</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_shearwater" title="Manx shearwater">Manx shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus puffinus</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelkouan_shearwater" title="Yelkouan shearwater">Yelkouan shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus yelkouan</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_shearwater" title="Balearic shearwater">Balearic shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus mauretanicus</i> (proposed lump with <i>P. yelkouan</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan%27s_shearwater" title="Bryan's shearwater">Bryan's shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus bryani</i> – first described in 2011</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-vented_shearwater" title="Black-vented shearwater">Black-vented shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus opisthomelas</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townsend%27s_shearwater" title="Townsend's shearwater">Townsend's shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus auricularis</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newell%27s_shearwater" title="Newell's shearwater">Newell's shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus newelli</i> (split from Townsend's shearwater)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapa_shearwater" title="Rapa shearwater">Rapa shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus myrtae</i> (split from Newell's shearwater)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluttering_shearwater" title="Fluttering shearwater">Fluttering shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus gavia</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutton%27s_shearwater" title="Hutton's shearwater">Hutton's shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus huttoni</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sargasso_shearwater" title="Sargasso shearwater">Sargasso shearwater</a> (formerly Audubon's shearwater, before splitting) <i>Puffinus lherminieri</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_shearwater" title="Persian shearwater">Persian shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus persicus</i> (split from Audubon's shearwater)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_shearwater" title="Tropical shearwater">Tropical shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus bailloni</i> (split from Audubon's shearwater)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gal%C3%A1pagos_shearwater" title="Galápagos shearwater">Galápagos shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus subalaris</i> (split from Audubon's shearwater)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bannerman%27s_shearwater" title="Bannerman's shearwater">Bannerman's shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus bannermani</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinroth%27s_shearwater" title="Heinroth's shearwater">Heinroth's shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus heinrothi</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_shearwater" title="Little shearwater">Little shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus assimilis</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_shearwater" title="Subantarctic shearwater">Subantarctic shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus elegans</i> (split from little shearwater)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barolo_shearwater" title="Barolo shearwater">Barolo shearwater</a> or Macronesian shearwater <i>Puffinus baroli</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_shearwater" title="Boyd's shearwater">Boyd's shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus boydi</i> (split from Barolo shearwater)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calonectris" title="Calonectris">Calonectris</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Streaked_shearwater" title="Streaked shearwater">Streaked shearwater</a> <i>Calonectris leucomelas</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scopoli%27s_shearwater" title="Scopoli's shearwater">Scopoli's shearwater</a> <i>Calonectris diomedea</i> (split from Cory's shearwater)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory%27s_shearwater" title="Cory's shearwater">Cory's shearwater</a> <i>Calonectris diomedea</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_shearwater" title="Cape Verde shearwater">Cape Verde shearwater</a> <i>Calonectris edwardsii</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ardenna" title="Ardenna">Ardenna</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wedge-tailed_shearwater" title="Wedge-tailed shearwater">Wedge-tailed shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna pacifica</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buller%27s_shearwater" title="Buller's shearwater">Buller's shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna bulleri</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sooty_shearwater" title="Sooty shearwater">Sooty shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna grisea</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short-tailed_shearwater" title="Short-tailed shearwater">Short-tailed shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna tenuirostris</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink-footed_shearwater" title="Pink-footed shearwater">Pink-footed shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna creatopus</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flesh-footed_shearwater" title="Flesh-footed shearwater">Flesh-footed shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna carneipes</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_shearwater" title="Great shearwater">Great shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna gravis</i></li></ul></li></ul> <p>There are two extinct species that have been described from fossils. </p> <ul><li>† <a href="/wiki/Lava_shearwater" title="Lava shearwater">Lava shearwater</a> or Olson's shearwater <i>Puffinus olsoni</i></li> <li>† <a href="/wiki/Dune_shearwater" title="Dune shearwater">Dune shearwater</a> or Hole's shearwater <i>Puffinus holeae</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phylogeny">Phylogeny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shearwater&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Phylogeny"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Phylogeny of the shearwaters based on a study by Joan Ferrer Obiol and collaborators published in 2022. Only 14 of the 21 recognised species in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Puffinus" title="Puffinus">Puffinus</a></i> were included.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="clade"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1258728058">body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output div.clade,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade{overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output div.clade p{font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade{border-spacing:0;margin:0;font-size:100%;line-height:100%;border-collapse:separate;width:auto}.mw-parser-output table.clade table.clade{width:100%;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label{min-width:0.2em;width:0.2em;padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label::before,.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel::before{content:"\2060 "}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width{overflow:hidden;text-overflow:ellipsis}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-fixed-width:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.first{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-label.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel{padding:0.1em 0.25em;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;border-left:1px solid;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel:hover{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.last{border-left:none;border-right:none}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-slabel.reverse{border-left:none;border-right:1px solid}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar{vertical-align:middle;text-align:left;padding:0 0.5em;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-bar.reverse{text-align:right;position:relative}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf{border:0;padding:0;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leafR{border:0;padding:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade td.clade-leaf.reverse{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkA{background-color:yellow}.mw-parser-output table.clade:hover span.linkB{background-color:green}</style> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i><a href="/wiki/Puffinus" title="Puffinus">Puffinus</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Christmas_shearwater" title="Christmas shearwater">Christmas shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus nativitatis</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Fluttering_shearwater" title="Fluttering shearwater">Fluttering shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus gavia</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Hutton%27s_shearwater" title="Hutton's shearwater">Hutton's shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus huttoni</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Audubon%27s_shearwater" class="mw-redirect" title="Audubon's shearwater">Audubon's shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus lherminieri</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Barolo_shearwater" title="Barolo shearwater">Barolo shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus baroli</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Boyd%27s_shearwater" title="Boyd's shearwater">Boyd's shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus boydi</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Manx_shearwater" title="Manx shearwater">Manx shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus puffinus</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Balearic_shearwater" title="Balearic shearwater">Balearic shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus mauretanicus</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Yelkouan_shearwater" title="Yelkouan shearwater">Yelkouan shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus yelkouan</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Little_shearwater" title="Little shearwater">Little shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus assimilis</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_shearwater" title="Subantarctic shearwater">Subantarctic shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus elegans</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Tropical_shearwater" title="Tropical shearwater">Tropical shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus bailloni</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Black-vented_shearwater" title="Black-vented shearwater">Black-vented shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus opisthomelas</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Newell%27s_shearwater" title="Newell's shearwater">Newell's shearwater</a> <i>Puffinus newelli</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"><i><a href="/wiki/Calonectris" title="Calonectris">Calonectris</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Streaked_shearwater" title="Streaked shearwater">Streaked shearwater</a> <i>Calonectris leucomelas</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_shearwater" title="Cape Verde shearwater">Cape Verde shearwater</a> <i>Calonectris edwardsii</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Cory%27s_shearwater" title="Cory's shearwater">Cory's shearwater</a> <i>Calonectris borealis</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Scopoli%27s_shearwater" title="Scopoli's shearwater">Scopoli's shearwater</a> <i>Calonectris diomedea</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"><i><a href="/wiki/Ardenna" title="Ardenna">Ardenna</a></i> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Buller%27s_shearwater" title="Buller's shearwater">Buller's shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna bulleri</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Wedge-tailed_shearwater" title="Wedge-tailed shearwater">Wedge-tailed shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna pacifica</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Short-tailed_shearwater" title="Short-tailed shearwater">Short-tailed shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna tenuirostris</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Sooty_shearwater" title="Sooty shearwater">Sooty shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna grisea</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Great_shearwater" title="Great shearwater">Great shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna gravis</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1258728058"> <table class="clade"> <tbody><tr> <td class="clade-label first"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Flesh-footed_shearwater" title="Flesh-footed shearwater">Flesh-footed shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna carneipes</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel"> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-label"> </td> <td rowspan="2" class="clade-leaf"> <p><a href="/wiki/Pink-footed_shearwater" title="Pink-footed shearwater">Pink-footed shearwater</a> <i>Ardenna creatopus</i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="clade-slabel last"> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shearwater&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OED-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OED_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReference-OED-Shearwaters" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/search/dictionary/?q=Shearwaters">"Shearwaters"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i> (Online ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Shearwaters&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=Online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fsearch%2Fdictionary%2F%3Fq%3DShearwaters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShearwater" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oed.com/public/login/loggingin#withyourlibrary">participating institution membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaffer-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shaffer_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shaffer_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShafferTremblayWeimerskirchCosta2006" class="citation journal cs1">Shaffer, Scott A.; Tremblay, Yann; Weimerskirch, Henri; Costa, Daniel P. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1568927">"Migratory shearwaters integrate oceanic resources across the Pacific Ocean in an endless summer"</a>. <i>PNAS</i>. <b>103</b> (34): 12799–12802. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PNAS..10312799S">2006PNAS..10312799S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.0603715103">10.1073/pnas.0603715103</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1568927">1568927</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16908846">16908846</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PNAS&rft.atitle=Migratory+shearwaters+integrate+oceanic+resources+across+the+Pacific+Ocean+in+an+endless+summer&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=34&rft.pages=12799-12802&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1568927%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16908846&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.0603715103&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006PNAS..10312799S&rft.aulast=Shaffer&rft.aufirst=Scott+A.&rft.au=Tremblay%2C+Yann&rft.au=Weimerskirch%2C+Henri&rft.au=Costa%2C+Daniel+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1568927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShearwater" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-tyne-36466763">"Arctic tern in record-breaking migration from Farne Islands"</a>. 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