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id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 性质 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-性质-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关性质子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-物理性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#物理性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 物理性质 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-物理性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-化学性质" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#化学性质"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 化学性质 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-化学性质-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-同位素" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#同位素"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 同位素 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-同位素-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-歷史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#歷史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 歷史 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-歷史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-存量" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#存量"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 存量 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-存量-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 用途 </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-用途-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> 开关用途子章节 </button> <ul id="toc-用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-鈰（IV）化合物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#鈰（IV）化合物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 鈰（IV）化合物 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-鈰（IV）化合物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-顏料和螢光粉" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#顏料和螢光粉"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 顏料和螢光粉 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-顏料和螢光粉-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-其他用途" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#其他用途"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 其他用途 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-其他用途-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-资源分布" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#资源分布"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 资源分布 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-资源分布-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-生物作用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生物作用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 生物作用 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生物作用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-危害" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#危害"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 危害 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-危害-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 參考文獻 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 外部連結 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > 开关目录 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">铈</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。133种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-133" aria-hidden="true" > 133种语言 </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serium" title="Serium – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Serium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B4%E1%88%AA%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሴሪየም – 阿姆哈拉语" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሴሪየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="阿姆哈拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="सीरियम – 昂加语" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="सीरियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="昂加语" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سيريوم – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيريوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سيريوم – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="سيريوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سيريوم – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيريوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceriu" title="Ceriu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ceriu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serium" title="Serium – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Serium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Церий – 巴什基尔语" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Церий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="巴什基尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rium" title="Sérium – 巴厘语" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Sérium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="巴厘语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seryo" title="Seryo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Seryo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Цэрый – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цэрый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Цэр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цэр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Церий – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Церий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="सेरियम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="सेरियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="সিরিয়াম – 孟加拉语" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সিরিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="孟加拉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keriom" title="Keriom – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Keriom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerij" title="Cerij – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Cerij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceri" title="Ceri – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ceri" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceryo" title="Ceryo – 宿务语" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ceryo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="宿务语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8E%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="سێریۆم – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سێریۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceriu" title="Ceriu – 科西嘉语" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ceriu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="科西嘉语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cer" title="Cer – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Церий – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Церий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceriwm" title="Ceriwm – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ceriwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cer" title="Cer – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AE%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Δημήτριο – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δημήτριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerio" title="Cerio – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Cerio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerio" title="Cerio – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cerio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tseerium" title="Tseerium – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tseerium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerio_(elementua)" title="Zerio (elementua) – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zerio (elementua)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85" title="سریم – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سریم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9rium" title="Cérium – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cérium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tseerium" title="Tseerium – 北弗里西亚语" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tseerium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="北弗里西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceri" title="Ceri – 弗留利语" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ceri" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="弗留利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiriam" title="Ceiriam – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceiriam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerio" title="Cerio – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cerio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%80%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="સિરીયમ – 古吉拉特语" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="સિરીયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="古吉拉特语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerrium" title="Kerrium – 马恩语" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kerrium" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="马恩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 客家语" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="客家语" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="צריום – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צריום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="सीरियम – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सीरियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 斐濟印地文" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="斐濟印地文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerij" title="Cerij – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cerij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sery%C3%B2m" title="Seryòm – 海地克里奥尔语" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Seryòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="海地克里奥尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9rium" title="Cérium – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cérium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%91%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ցերիում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ցերիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serium" title="Serium – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Serium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerio" title="Cerio – 伊多语" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cerio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="伊多语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ser%C3%ADn_(frumefni)" title="Serín (frumefni) – 冰岛语" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Serín (frumefni)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="冰岛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerio" title="Cerio – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cerio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="セリウム – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="セリウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrseri" title="jinmrseri – 逻辑语" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrseri" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="逻辑语" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ცერიუმი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცერიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C9%9Br%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Sɛrɩyɔm – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sɛrɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Церий – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Церий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಸೀರಿಯಮ್ – 卡纳达语" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸೀರಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="卡纳达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%B8%EB%A5%A8" title="세륨 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="세륨" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Церий – 科米语" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Церий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="科米语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceriom" title="Ceriom – 康沃尔语" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Ceriom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="康沃尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Церий – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Церий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cer" title="Cer – 卢森堡语" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Cer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="卢森堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seriyaamu_(Cerium)" title="Seriyaamu (Cerium) – 卢干达语" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Seriyaamu (Cerium)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="卢干达语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 林堡语" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="林堡语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87erio" title="Çerio – 利古里亚语" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Çerio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="利古里亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceris" title="Ceris – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ceris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%93rijs" title="Cērijs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cērijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Цериум – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Цериум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സീറിയം – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സീറിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Цери – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цери" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="सेरियम – 马拉地语" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सेरियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="马拉地语" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Церий – 西馬里文" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Церий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="西馬里文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serium" title="Serium – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Serium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="ဆယ်ရီယမ် – 缅甸语" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆယ်ရီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="缅甸语" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="सेरियम – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सेरियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A8ri" title="Cèri – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cèri" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerii" title="Cerii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Cerii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਸੀਰੀਅਮ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੀਰੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="सेरियम – 巴利语" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="सेरियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="巴利语" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cer" title="Cer – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerio" title="Cerio – 皮埃蒙特文" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cerio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="皮埃蒙特文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85" title="سیریم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سیریم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="سېريوم – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سېريوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9rio" title="Cério – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cério" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siryu" title="Siryu – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Siryu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceriu" title="Ceriu – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ceriu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceriu" title="Ceriu – 阿罗马尼亚语" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Ceriu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="阿罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Церий – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Церий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="सेरियम् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="सेरियम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Сериум – 萨哈语" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сериум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="萨哈语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tz%C3%A8riu" title="Tzèriu – 萨丁语" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Tzèriu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="萨丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceriu" title="Ceriu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ceriu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerijum" title="Cerijum – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cerijum" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9r" title="Cér – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cér" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerij" title="Cerij – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cerij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keriumi" title="Keriumi – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Keriumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Церијум – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Церијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 沙特菲士蘭文" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="沙特菲士蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceri" title="Ceri – 斯瓦希里语" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ceri" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="斯瓦希里语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="சீரியம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சீரியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="సీరియం – 泰卢固语" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సీరియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="泰卢固语" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Серий – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Серий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ซีเรียม – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซีเรียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siryo_(elemento)" title="Siryo (elemento) – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Siryo (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seryum" title="Seryum – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Seryum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Церий – 鞑靼语" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Церий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="鞑靼语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%90%D8%B1%D9%89%D9%8A" title="سېرىي – 维吾尔语" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سېرىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="维吾尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Церій – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Церій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A6%D9%85" title="سیریئم – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سیریئم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seriy" title="Seriy – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Seriy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerii" title="Cerii – 维普森语" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Cerii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="维普森语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceri" title="Ceri – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ceri" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceryo" title="Ceryo – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ceryo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="铈 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铈" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D2%AF%D0%BC" title="Цериүм – 卡尔梅克语" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Цериүм" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="卡尔梅克语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 约鲁巴语" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="约鲁巴语" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%88%B0" title="鈰 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鈰" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cerium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%88%B0" title="鈰 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鈰" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IShambe" title="IShambe – 祖鲁语" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IShambe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="祖鲁语" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1385#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c">条目</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E9%93%88" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t">讨论</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" 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.Yuansuzhouqibiao_polyatomic_predicted{background-color:#d0ffe1}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal{background-color:#a0ffa0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal_predicted{background-color:#d3ffd3}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen{background-color:#ffff99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen_predicted{background-color:#ffffd6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas{background-color:#c0ffff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas_predicted{background-color:#ddffff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_supercritical_atom_predicted{background-color:#f4f4c6}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_no_electron{background-color:#d0d0d0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block{background-color:#ff6699}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_s_block_predicted{background-color:#FBD}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block{background-color:#99ccff}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_p_block_predicted{background-color:#CEF}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block{background-color:#ccff99}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_d_block_predicted{background-color:#DFC}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block{background-color:#90ffb0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_ds_block_predicted{background-color:#C7FFD7}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block{background-color:#66ffcc}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_f_block_predicted{background-color:#BFE}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block{background-color:#ffcc66}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_g_block_predicted{background-color:#FDA}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block{background-color:#F0908C}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_h_block_predicted{background-color:#F0B6B4}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown{background-color:#e8e8e8}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_error_type{background-color:#000000}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_null{background-color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_maybe_not_exist{background-color:white}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_none_type{background-color:#c0c0c0}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_gas{color:green}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_liquid{color:blue}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_solid{color:black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknow_phase{color:grey}</style><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">氫（非金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">氦（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">鋰（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">鈹（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">硼（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">碳（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">氮（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">氧（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">氟（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">氖（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">鈉（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">鎂（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">鋁（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">矽（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">磷（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">氯（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">氬（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">鉀（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">鈣（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">鈧（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">鈦（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">釩（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">鉻（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">錳（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">鐵（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">鈷（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">鎳（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">銅（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">鋅（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">鎵（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">鍺（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">砷（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">硒（非金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">溴（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">氪（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">銣（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">鍶（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">釔（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">鋯（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">鈮（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">鉬（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">鎝（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">釕（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">銠（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">鈀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">鎘（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">銦（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">錫（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">銻（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">碲（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">碘（鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">氙（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">銫（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">鋇（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">鑭（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">鈰（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">鐠（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">釹（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">鉕（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">釤（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">銪（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">釓（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">鋱（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">鏑（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">鈥（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">鉺（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">銩（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">鐿（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">鎦（鑭系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">鉿（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">鉭（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">鎢（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">錸（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">鋨（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">銥（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">鉑（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">金（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">鉈（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">鉛（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">鉍（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">釙（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">砈（類金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">氡（惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">鍅（鹼金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">鐳（鹼土金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">錒（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">釷（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">鏷（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">鈾（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">錼（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">鈽（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">鋂（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">鋦（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">鉳（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">鉲（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">鑀（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">鐨（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">鍆（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">鍩（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">鐒（錒系元素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">鑪（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">𨧀（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">𨭎（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">𨨏（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">𨭆（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">䥑（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">鐽（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">錀（預測為過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">鎶（過渡金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">鉨（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">鈇（貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">鏌（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">鉝（預測為貧金屬）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">鿬（預測為鹵素）</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">鿫（預測為惰性氣體）</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;">－ ↑ 铈 ↓ <a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">钍</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">镧</a> ← 铈 → <a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">镨</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">外觀</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">银白色 <a href="/wiki/File:Cerium2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cerium2.jpg/250px-Cerium2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cerium2.jpg/375px-Cerium2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Cerium2.jpg/500px-Cerium2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="782" data-file-height="560" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">概況</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">名稱·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="元素列表">符號</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B0" title="原子序数">序數</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">铈（cerium）·Ce·58</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">元素類別</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="镧系元素">镧系元素</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%97%8F_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="族 (化学)">族</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F" title="元素周期">週期</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%88%86%E5%8C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="元素分区">區</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">不適用</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a>·<a href="/wiki/F%E5%8C%BA%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="F区元素">f</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">標準原子質量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">140.116(1)<a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E6%8E%92%E5%B8%83" title="电子排布">电子排布</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">[<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a>] 4f1 5d1 6s2 2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2 <div style="border:0; margin:0 auto;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Electron_shell_058_Cerium_-_no_label.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="铈的电子層（2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2）"><img alt="铈的电子層（2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2）" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Electron_shell_058_Cerium_-_no_label.svg/153px-Electron_shell_058_Cerium_-_no_label.svg.png" decoding="async" width="153" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Electron_shell_058_Cerium_-_no_label.svg/230px-Electron_shell_058_Cerium_-_no_label.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Electron_shell_058_Cerium_-_no_label.svg/306px-Electron_shell_058_Cerium_-_no_label.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>铈的电子層（2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2）</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">歷史</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E7%99%BC%E7%8F%BE%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="化學元素發現年表">發現</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E7%89%B9" title="馬丁·克拉普羅特">马丁·克拉普罗特</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B4%9D%E9%87%87%E5%88%A9%E4%B9%8C%E6%96%AF" title="永斯·贝采利乌斯">永斯·贝采利乌斯</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="威廉·希辛格">威廉·希辛格</a>（1803年）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">分離</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E6%96%AF%E5%A1%94%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%8E%AB%E6%A1%91%E5%BE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡尔·古斯塔夫·莫桑德（页面不存在）">卡尔·古斯塔夫·莫桑德</a>（1839年）</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">物理性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8_(%E7%89%A9%E8%B4%A8)" title="相 (物质)">物態</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E4%BD%93" title="固体">固体</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%BA%A6" title="密度">密度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（接近<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A4%E6%BA%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="室溫">室温</a>） 6.770 <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克">g</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%98%E7%B1%B3" title="厘米">cm</a>−3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a>時液體密度</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">6.55 g·cm−3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E7%82%B9" title="熔点">熔点</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1068 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，795 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，1463 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B8%E9%BB%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="沸點">沸點</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">3716 <a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E5%B0%94%E6%96%87" title="开尔文">K</a>，3443 <a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="摄氏温标">°C</a>，6229 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E6%B0%8F%E6%B8%A9%E6%A0%87" title="华氏温标">°F</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%94%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="熔化热">熔化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">5.46 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol−1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E5%8C%96%E7%83%AD" title="汽化热">汽化热</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">398 kJ·mol−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E7%86%B1%E5%AE%B9" title="比熱容">比熱容</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">26.94 J·mol−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%B8%E6%B0%A3%E5%A3%93" title="蒸氣壓">蒸氣壓</a><div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable nowrap" style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <td>壓/Pa </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>100 </td> <td>1 k </td> <td>10 k </td> <td>100 k </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>溫/K </td> <td>1992 </td> <td>2194 </td> <td>2442 </td> <td>2754 </td> <td>3159 </td> <td>3705 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">原子性質</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%81" title="氧化态">氧化态</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">4, 3, 2, 1 (強鹼性)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E8%B4%9F%E6%80%A7" title="电负性">电负性</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.12（鲍林标度）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%83%BD" title="电离能">电离能</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">第一：534.4 <a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E8%80%B3%E6%AF%8F%E6%91%A9%E5%B0%94" title="焦耳每摩尔">kJ·mol−1</a> 第二：1050 kJ·mol−1 第三：1949 kJ·mol−1 （<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A6%BB%E8%83%BD%E8%A1%A8" title="电离能表">更多</a>）</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="原子半径">原子半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">181.8 <a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E7%B1%B3" title="皮米">pm</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E4%BB%B7%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="共价半径">共价半径</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">204±9 pm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cerium_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cerium_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Cerium_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cerium_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Cerium_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Cerium_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Cerium_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>铈的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%B0%B1%E7%BA%BF" title="原子谱线">原子谱线</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">雜項</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%B6%E4%BD%93%E7%BB%93%E6%9E%84" title="晶体结构">晶体结构</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="六方晶系">六方</a> <div style="clear:both;"></div>β-Ce <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="立方晶系">面心立方</a> <div style="float:right; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/File:Cubic-face-centered.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="铈具有面心立方晶体结构"><img alt="铈具有面心立方晶体结构" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/50px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/75px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Cubic-face-centered.svg/100px-Cubic-face-centered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="862" data-file-height="1002" /></a></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div>γ-Ce</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%81" title="磁">磁序</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%BA%E7%A3%81%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="顺磁性">顺磁性</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E9%98%BB%E7%8E%87" title="电阻率">电阻率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">β, poly: 828 n<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%90%E5%A7%86" title="歐姆">Ω</a>·<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3_(%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D)" title="米 (单位)">m</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%B1%E5%B0%8E%E7%8E%87" title="熱導率">熱導率</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">11.3 W·m−1·K−1</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%83%AD%E8%83%80%E5%86%B7%E7%BC%A9#熱膨脹系數" title="热胀冷缩">热膨胀系数</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">γ, poly: 6.3 µm/(m·K)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E9%80%9F" title="音速">聲速</a>（細棒）</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">（20 °C）2100 <a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E6%AF%8F%E7%A7%92" title="米每秒">m·s−1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%A8%E6%B0%8F%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8F" title="杨氏模量">杨氏模量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">γ form: 33.6 GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AA%E5%88%87%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8F" title="剪切模量">剪切模量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">γ form: 13.5 GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%93%E7%A7%AF%E6%A8%A1%E9%87%8F" title="体积模量">体积模量</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">γ form: 21.5 GPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%8A%E6%9D%BE%E6%AF%94" title="泊松比">泊松比</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">γ form: 0.24</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%B0%8F%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6" title="莫氏硬度">莫氏硬度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">2.5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E6%B0%8F%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="维氏硬度试验">維氏硬度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">210–470 MPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E6%B0%8F%E7%A1%AC%E5%BA%A6%E8%AF%95%E9%AA%8C" title="布氏硬度试验">布氏硬度</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">186–412 MPa</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><a href="/wiki/CAS%E5%8F%B7" title="CAS号">CAS号</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7440-45-1">7440-45-1</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" style="text-align:center; color:#000000;;">同位素<div style="float:right;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_cerium_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox cerium isotopes"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Infobox_cerium_isotopes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Infobox cerium isotopes（页面不存在）"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:Infobox_cerium_isotopes" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:Infobox cerium isotopes"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%88%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="铈的同位素">铈的同位素</a> <div> <table class="wikitable" cellpadding="0" style="text-align:center;width:100%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0; padding:0;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="同位素">同位素</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="丰度">丰度</a> </th> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>（t1/2） </th> <th colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7#衰变" title="放射性">衰變</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A%E6%96%B9%E5%BC%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="衰變方式">方式</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E8%83%BD" title="衰变能">能量</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E4%BC%8F%E7%89%B9" title="電子伏特">MeV</a>） </th> <th><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98%E4%BA%A7%E7%89%A9" title="衰变产物">產物</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">136Ce </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">0.186% </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="稳定同位素">穩定</a>，帶78粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">138Ce </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">0.251% </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;">穩定，帶80粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">139Ce </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="人造同位素">人造</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">137.642 <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5" title="日">天</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="电子俘获">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.2647 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AD-139" class="mw-redirect" title="鑭-139">139La</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">140Ce </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">88.449% </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;">穩定，帶82粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">141Ce </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">人造 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">32.505 <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5" title="日">天</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98#β-衰变" title="Β衰变">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.5834 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%A0-141" class="mw-redirect" title="鐠-141">141Pr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">142Ce </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">11.114% </td> <td colspan="5" style="text-align:center;">穩定，帶84粒<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%90" title="中子">中子</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">144Ce </th> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">人造 </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;">284.886 <a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5" title="日">天</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98#β-衰变" title="Β衰变">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;">0.3187 </td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%A0-144" class="mw-redirect" title="鐠-144">144Pr</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80905552">.mw-parser-output ruby.zy{text-align:justify;text-justify:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rp{user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt{font-feature-settings:"ruby"1;font-size:90%;user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt+rt{padding-left:0.15em}</style><ruby class="zy center"><rb>铈</rb><rp>（</rp><rt lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">shì</rt><rp>）</rp></ruby>（英語：Cerium），是一種<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="化學元素">化學元素</a>，其<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="化學符號">化學符號</a>为Ce，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%8F%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="原子序數">原子序數</a>为58，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8F" title="原子量">原子量</a>為7002140116000000000♠140.116 <a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E8%B4%A8%E9%87%8F%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="原子质量单位">u</a>。铈是第二個<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="镧系元素">镧系元素</a>，也是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E5%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="稀土元素">稀土元素</a>之一。鈰是一種柔軟、富延展性的銀白色金屬，作為典型的輕鑭系元素，鈰的化学性质非常活泼，在空气中會很快失去光澤，用刀刮即着火，溶于酸，不溶于碱。 铈是<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="地殼">地殼</a>中含量最高的鑭系及稀土元素，其次是<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="釹">釹</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="鑭">鑭</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%94" class="mw-redirect" title="釔">釔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="鈧">鈧</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">镨</a>等。鈰在地殼中的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E4%B8%B0%E5%BA%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="元素丰度">元素豐度</a>排名為第25位，佔地殼的66<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%90%AC%E5%88%86%E6%AF%94" title="百萬分比">ppm</a>，和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>相當，約為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">氯</a>的一半、<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>的五倍。因此，儘管鈰是所謂的稀土元素之一，但實際上一點也不稀有。 鈰在自然界中並不以<a href="/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E8%B3%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="單質">單質</a>存在，而是與其他稀土金屬一同出現在<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E5%B1%85%E7%9F%B3" title="獨居石">獨居石</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%9F%E7%A2%B3%E9%88%B0%E7%A4%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氟碳鈰礦（页面不存在）">氟碳鈰礦</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastn%C3%A4site" class="extiw" title="en:Bastnäsite">Bastnäsite</a>）等<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E5%9C%9F%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="稀土礦物">稀土礦物</a>中，铈在独居石中占稀土总量的40%以上。和其他稀土相比，鈰很容易從其礦石中提取，因為它是唯一能在水溶液中達到穩定的+4氧化態的鑭系元素，從而能和其他稀土區分開來。 鈰的拉丁名稱Cerium是以<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F" title="小行星">小行星</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="穀神星">穀神星</a>來命名的，另一種以小行星來命名的元素是<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%80" class="mw-redirect" title="鈀">鈀</a>。在1801年1月1日那晚，意大利的天文學家皮愛艾奇（Piazzi）在<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E6%98%9F" title="火星">火星</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%A8%E6%98%9F" title="木星">木星</a>之間的大間隙裡找到了一顆繞行太陽運行的新行星，為了維持行星以<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬神話">羅馬神明</a>為名的傳統，這個天體就以農事女神<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BB%E7%91%9E%E6%96%AF_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1)" title="刻瑞斯 (羅馬神話)">刻瑞斯</a>之名將新天體命名為Ceres。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%89%A9%E7%89%87" title="穀物片">麥片</a>類食物的英文為cereal，也是源自於農事女神。穀神星的發現讓當年科學界頗為興奮，因此在穀神星發現後找到的第一個新元素，就命名為cerium來向穀神星致敬。 <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="性质">性质</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：性质">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="物理性质">物理性质</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：物理性质">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CE2k2g.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/CE2k2g.jpg/300px-CE2k2g.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/CE2k2g.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="219" /></a><figcaption>保存在充滿<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9%E6%B0%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氩气">氬氣</a>的玻璃<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E7%93%BF" title="安瓿">安瓿</a>中的铈块</figcaption></figure> 铈是一种银白色的金属，和<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">铁</a>的光泽类似，有延展性，比铁软，硬度和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">銀</a>相當。<a href="#cite_note-CRC-4">[4]</a> 铈在常壓下拥有所有元素中第二廣的液态范围：2648℃（从795℃到3443℃），僅次於<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="錼">錼</a>。 <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cerium_phase_diagram.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cerium_phase_diagram.jpg/300px-Cerium_phase_diagram.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cerium_phase_diagram.jpg/450px-Cerium_phase_diagram.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cerium_phase_diagram.jpg/600px-Cerium_phase_diagram.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1633" /></a><figcaption>铈的相图</figcaption></figure> 铈在常壓下有四種已知的<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%B4%A0%E7%95%B0%E5%BD%A2%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="同素異形體">同素異形體</a>。<a href="#cite_note-KGP-5">[5]</a>鈰在常溫常壓下为γ-铈，晶體結構為<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%A2%E5%BF%83%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="面心立方">面心立方</a>（FCC）。溫度降至-16℃時，γ-铈會開始转变为雙<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E6%96%B9%E6%99%B6%E7%B3%BB" title="六方晶系">六方</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%AF%86%E5%A0%86%E7%A7%AF" title="最密堆积">最密堆積</a>（DHCP）結構的β-铈，繼續降至-172℃以下則殘餘的γ-鈰會逐漸变换为面心立方（FCC）結構的α-铈，在-269℃转变完成，至於β-鈰則不會顯著轉變為α-鈰，除非受到壓力或形變。α-铈的密度为8.16 g/cm3。至於<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E5%BF%83%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="體心立方">體心立方</a>（BCC）結構的δ-铈存在於726°C以上的高溫狀態。在常壓下，液态铈的密度比固态铈來得大。<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-patnaik-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="化学性质">化学性质</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：化学性质">编辑</a>]</div> 铈在空气中會逐漸失去光澤，形成一層會像<a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81%E9%94%88" title="铁锈">鐵鏽</a>般不斷剝落的疏鬆氧化層；一<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%8B%E6%96%B9%E5%85%AC%E5%88%86" class="mw-redirect" title="立方公分">立方公分</a>大小的金屬鈰塊會在大約一年內完全腐蝕殆盡。<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a>所以純鈰必須保存在真空或充滿<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="稀有氣體">惰性氣體</a>的玻璃管中。鈰金屬具高度自燃性，研磨或劃過其表面時，鈰很容易被產生的火花點燃。<a href="#cite_note-The_Elements-9">[9]</a>該反應符合<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="元素週期律">元素週期律</a>，因為鈰是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="原子半径">原子半徑</a>最大的鑭系元素之一。<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1235-10">[10]</a> 鈰在150℃下很容易燃烧，生成<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%93%88" title="二氧化铈">二氧化铈</a>，其中的鈰是+4價，具有很強的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化性">氧化性</a>。 <dl><dd>Ce + O2 → CeO2</dd></dl> 二氧化鈰可以被<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A3" title="氫氣">氫氣</a>還原成+3價的鈰氧化物<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E9%93%88" title="三氧化二铈">三氧化二鈰</a>。二氧化鈰具有<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%A2%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="螢石">螢石</a>型結構，類似於<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鐠">鐠</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="鋱">鋱</a>的二氧化物。<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1238-11">[11]</a> 铈是一種強正電性元素，金属活性较强，可與水發生反應。鈰和冷水的反應速度缓慢，在热水中則快速反应，生成<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%93%88" class="mw-redirect" title="氢氧化铈">氢氧化铈</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A3" title="氫氣">氫氣</a>： <dl><dd>2 Ce (s) + 6 H2O (l) → 2 Ce(OH)3 (aq) + 3 H2 (g)</dd></dl> 铈可以和所有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">卤素</a>反应，形成三卤化物：<a href="#cite_note-webelements-12">[12]</a> <dl><dd>2 Ce (s) + 3 F2 (g) → 2 CeF3 (s) （白色）</dd> <dd>2 Ce (s) + 3 Cl2 (g) → 2 CeCl3 (s) （白色）</dd> <dd>2 Ce (s) + 3 Br2 (g) → 2 CeBr3 (s) （白色）</dd> <dd>2 Ce (s) + 3 I2 (g) → 2 CeI3 (s) （黄色）</dd></dl> 铈可以在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="稀硫酸">稀硫酸</a>中迅速溶解，生成无色的Ce3+離子，其存在形式为[Ce(H2O)9]3+:<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <dl><dd>2 Ce (s) + 3 H2SO4 (aq) → 2 Ce3+ (aq) + 3 SO2− 4 (aq) + 3 H2 (g)</dd></dl> 鈰是唯一能在水溶液中達到穩定的+4氧化態的鑭系元素。<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1244-14">[14]</a>Ce4+離子（高鈰離子）在水中呈現橙黃色。<a href="#cite_note-SroorEdelmann2012-15">[15]</a>Ce4+在水中是亞穩態的<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a>，是一種很強的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化劑">氧化劑</a>，可將<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E9%85%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="鹽酸">鹽酸</a>氧化產生<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF%E6%B0%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="氯氣">氯氣</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1244-14">[14]</a>因此，Ce4+化合物如<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%88%B0%E9%8A%A8" title="硝酸鈰銨">硝酸鈰銨</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%A9%9F%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="有機化學">有機化學</a>中是常用的強氧化劑，可從<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC%E7%BE%B0%E5%9F%BA%E9%85%8D%E5%90%88%E7%89%A9" title="金屬羰基配合物">金屬羰基配合物</a>中釋放出有機配體。<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a>在<a href="/wiki/B-Z%E5%8F%8D%E5%BA%94" title="B-Z反应">B-Z反應</a>中，鈰離子在+4態和+3態之間來回振盪以催化反應的進行。<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%88%B0(IV)" class="mw-redirect" title="硫酸鈰(IV)">硫酸鈰(IV)</a>等高鈰鹽類常被用於<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B9%E9%87%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="容量分析">容量分析</a>中<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%88%B0%E6%BB%B4%E5%AE%9A%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鈰滴定法（页面不存在）">鈰滴定法</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerimetry" class="extiw" title="en:Cerimetry">Cerimetry</a>）的標準試劑。<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="同位素">同位素</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：同位素">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目：<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B0%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" title="鈰的同位素">鈰的同位素</a></div> 天然存在的鈰由四種同位素組成：136Ce（0.19%）、138Ce（0.25%）、140Ce（88.4%）和142Ce（11.1%）。這四種同位素在觀測上都是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%B3%E5%AE%9A%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="稳定同位素">穩定</a>的，儘管理論計算顯示較輕的同位素136Ce和138Ce會發生負<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%99%CE%B2%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" title="雙β衰變">雙β衰變</a>形成<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%87" class="mw-redirect" title="鋇">鋇</a>的同位素，而142Ce估計會發生雙β衰變形成<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="釹">142Nd</a>或發生<a href="/wiki/%CE%91%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Α衰變">α衰變</a>形成138Ba，至於140Ce則估計會<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%99%BC%E8%A3%82%E8%AE%8A" title="自發裂變">自發裂變</a>並釋放出能量。然而上述的衰變模式從來都沒有被科學家實際觀測到過，不過目前科學家已透過實驗測量了136Ce、138Ce和142Ce發生雙β衰變的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8A%E8%A1%B0%E6%9C%9F" title="半衰期">半衰期</a>下限：<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2016-20">[20]</a> <dl><dd>136Ce: >3.8×1016年</dd> <dd>138Ce: >5.7×1016年</dd> <dd>142Ce: >5.0×1016年</dd></dl> 其他所有已知的鈰同位素都是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="人工合成元素">人工合成</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%8D%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="放射性同位素">放射性同位素</a>。其中最長壽的是半衰期為284.9天的144Ce、半衰期為137.6天的139Ce和半衰期為32.5天的141Ce，其餘同位素的半衰期都在四天以下，其中大多數半衰期不到十分鐘。<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2016-20">[20]</a>輕於140Ce的鈰同位素主要發生<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%9F%CE%B2%E8%A1%B0%E5%8F%98" class="mw-redirect" title="负β衰变">負β衰變</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E4%BF%98%E8%8E%B7" title="电子俘获">電子俘獲</a>變成<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="鑭">鑭</a>的同位素，而較重的同位素則是<a href="/wiki/%CE%92%E8%A1%B0%E8%AE%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="Β衰變">β衰變</a>成<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鐠">鐠</a>的同位素。<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2016-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="歷史">歷史</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：歷史">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_(22381131691).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29.jpg/220px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29.jpg/330px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29.jpg/440px-Ceres_-_RC3_-_Haulani_Crater_%2822381131691%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption>位於<a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%A1%8C%E6%98%9F%E5%B8%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="小行星帶">小行星帶</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="穀神星">穀神星</a>是鈰命名的依據。</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg/220px-J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg/330px-J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg/440px-J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius_x_Johan_Way.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1413" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="永斯·貝吉里斯">永斯·貝吉里斯</a>（Jöns Jakob Berzelius），鈰的發現者之一。</figcaption></figure> 1803年，<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B8%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%B2%9D%E5%90%89%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="永斯·貝吉里斯">永斯·貝吉里斯</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E5%BB%89%C2%B7%E5%B8%8C%E8%BE%9B%E6%A0%BC" title="威廉·希辛格">威廉·希辛格</a>在瑞典的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E6%96%AF%E7%89%B9%E7%BA%B3%E6%96%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="巴斯特纳斯">巴斯特納斯</a>發現鈰；德國的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E6%8B%89%E6%99%AE%E7%BE%85%E7%89%B9" title="馬丁·克拉普羅特">馬丁·克拉普羅特</a>也在當年獨立發現<a href="#cite_note-rsc-21">[21]</a>。貝吉里斯依據兩年前發現的小行星<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F" title="穀神星">穀神星</a>之名<a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E7%A5%9E%E6%98%9F#命名" title="穀神星">命名</a>為鈰（Cerium） <a href="#cite_note-rsc-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Emsley-22">[22]</a>。這顆小行星本身是以羅馬女神<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%BB%E7%91%9E%E6%96%AF_(%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E7%A5%9E%E8%A9%B1)" title="刻瑞斯 (羅馬神話)">Ceres</a>，農業、糧食作物、生育和母性關係的女神命名<a href="#cite_note-rsc-21">[21]</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="存量">存量</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：存量">编辑</a>]</div> 鈰是所有稀土元素中含量最多的，佔<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E6%AE%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="地殼">地殼</a>的66<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BE%E8%90%AC%E5%88%86%E6%AF%94" title="百萬分比">ppm</a>，和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%85" class="mw-redirect" title="銅">銅</a>相當（68ppm），鈰的含量甚至比<a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="鉛">鉛</a>（13 ppm）、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="錫">錫</a>（2.1 ppm）等常見金屬高得多。因此，儘管鈰是所謂的稀土元素之一，但實際上並不稀有。<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1294-23">[23]</a>土壤中的鈰含量在2～150ppm之間變化，平均濃度為50ppm；海水中鈰的濃度約為萬億分之一。<a href="#cite_note-Emsley-22">[22]</a>鈰存在於各種礦物中，但其最重要的商業開採來源為<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E5%B1%85%E7%9F%B3" title="獨居石">獨居石</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%9F%E7%A2%B3%E9%88%B0%E7%A4%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氟碳鈰礦（页面不存在）">氟碳鈰礦</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastn%C3%A4site" class="extiw" title="en:Bastnäsite">Bastnäsite</a>），在這些礦物中，鈰約佔鑭系元素總含量的一半。鈰獨居石是獨居石中最常見的代表性種類。<a href="#cite_note-Burke-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-26">[26]</a>此外，以鈰為主的鈰氟碳鈰礦也是氟碳鈰礦中最為重要的一種。<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-Burke-24">[24]</a> 鈰是鑭系元素中最容易從礦石中提取的，因為它是唯一能在水溶液中達到穩定+4氧化態的鑭系元素。<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1229-28">[28]</a>由於Ce4+和<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="鋯">Zr4+</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%8D%B7" title="電荷">電荷</a>數相同且有著相近的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%8A%E5%BE%84" title="离子半径">離子半徑</a>，鈰有時會結合到<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%AF%E7%9F%B3" title="鋯石">鋯石</a>中。<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a>在極端情況下，Ce4+能和其他稀土元素分離，形成獨立的礦物，例如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B9%E9%88%B0%E7%9F%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="方鈰石（页面不存在）">方鈰石</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerianite-(Ce)" class="extiw" title="en:Cerianite-(Ce)">Cerianite-(Ce)</a>）（(Ce,Th)O 2）。<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="用途">用途</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：用途">编辑</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CeFe_alloy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/CeFe_alloy.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="66" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="66" /></a><figcaption>鈰鐵合金在藉由摩擦後可引起火星，常作為打火石的主要成分。</figcaption></figure> 鈰在歷史上的第一個用途為<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A4%E6%B0%A3%E7%87%88" title="煤氣燈">煤氣燈</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%85%A4%E6%B0%A3%E7%87%88%E7%B4%97%E7%BD%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="煤氣燈紗罩（页面不存在）">紗罩</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_mantle" class="extiw" title="en:Gas mantle">Gas mantle</a>）。煤氣燈是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%A7%E5%9C%B0%E5%88%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="奧地利">奧地利</a>化學家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%A5%A7%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E9%A6%AE%C2%B7%E9%9F%8B%E7%88%BE%E6%96%AF%E5%B7%B4%E8%B5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="卡爾·奧爾·馮·韋爾斯巴赫（页面不存在）">卡爾·奧爾·馮·韋爾斯巴赫</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Auer_von_Welsbach" class="extiw" title="en:Carl Auer von Welsbach">Carl Auer von Welsbach</a>）發明。最初他使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%95%81" title="氧化镁">氧化鎂</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%95%A7" title="氧化镧">氧化鑭</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%87%94" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化釔">氧化釔</a>的混合物作為材料進行實驗，但這些混合物燃燒時發出的光芒為綠色，以照明用途來說並不是很成功。<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a>1891年，他發現純的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%92%8D" title="二氧化钍">二氧化釷</a>燃燒後發出了藍色光芒，將其與微量<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%93%88" title="二氧化铈">二氧化鈰</a>（約1%）混合後燃燒則會發出明亮的白光<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a>，且二氧化鈰還具有催化二氧化釷燃燒的效果。隔年，馮·韋爾斯巴赫將這項新發明商業化生產後，新型的煤氣燈罩迅速傳遍了整片歐洲大陸。使用鈰釷氧化物的煤氣燈在1890年代一直是歐洲街道照明的主力，直到1900年代初期電燈照明在歐洲各國間普及後才逐漸被取代。<a href="#cite_note-GW-35">[35]</a> 這項發明為馮·韋爾斯巴赫帶來了商業上的成功，並使得業界對<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="釷">釷</a>元素的需求量大增。釷的生產過程連帶導致了大量與之共生的<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AD%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鑭系元素">鑭系元素</a>同時作為副產品被提取出來。<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1228-36">[36]</a>人們很快就為它們找到了用途，例如稱為<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E7%A8%80%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="混合稀土金属">混合稀土金属</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%87%83" title="自燃">自燃</a>性合金是由50%的鈰、25%的<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="鑭">鑭</a>和少量其他鑭系元素組成，廣泛用於製造<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%93%E7%81%AB%E7%9F%B3" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="打火石">打火石</a>。<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1228-36">[36]</a>同樣具有自燃性的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%88%B0%E9%90%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鈰鐵（页面不存在）">鈰鐵</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrocerium" class="extiw" title="en:Ferrocerium">Ferrocerium</a>）合金也是由馮·韋爾斯巴赫所發明。<a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-37">[37]</a>由於稀土元素間化學性質的相似性，它們在應用上通常不需要額外使用化學方法將其各自分離，例如混合稀土金屬可作為<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC%E9%90%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="鋼鐵">鋼鐵</a>中的添加劑以改善其機械性能，或作為<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%B3%E6%B2%B9" title="石油">石油</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E5%8C%96%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E8%A3%82%E5%8C%96" title="流化催化裂化">流化催化裂化</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="催化劑">催化劑</a>等。<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1229-28">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="鈰（IV）化合物">鈰（IV）化合物</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：鈰（IV）化合物">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E9%93%88" title="二氧化铈">二氧化铈</a>是用途最廣泛的鈰化合物。其主要應用於<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8%E6%A9%9F%E6%A2%B0%E7%A0%94%E7%A3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="化學機械研磨">化學機械研磨</a>技術中的拋光粉，二氧化鈰在該領域中已取代其他金屬氧化物，成為生產高品質光學鏡片時所用的最優質拋光粉之一。<a href="#cite_note-Ullmann-37">[37]</a>二氧化鈰也被用作淨化<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="汽車">汽車</a>廢氣的<a href="/wiki/%E5%82%AC%E5%8C%96%E8%BD%AC%E6%8D%A2%E5%99%A8" title="催化转换器">催化轉換器</a>中的添加劑。<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a>含有二氧化釷的鎢釷<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E6%9E%81" title="电极">電極</a>曾廣泛用於<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%A2%E6%A5%B5%E6%B0%A3%E9%AB%94%E4%BF%9D%E8%AD%B7%E9%9B%BB%E5%BC%A7%E7%84%8A" title="鎢極氣體保護電弧焊">鎢極氣體保護電弧焊</a>，具有出色的焊接性能。使用<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%B3%BB%E7%89%A9#元素週期表" title="同系物">同系物</a>二氧化鈰取代二氧化釷後雖然焊接性能稍有降低，卻能免除釷的<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E6%80%A7" title="放射性">放射性</a>所造成的健康危害，同時降低了燒毀的發生率。<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> 二氧化铈的纳米粉末可以作为<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B4%E6%B2%B9" title="柴油">柴油</a>添加剂，提高柴油发动机的燃油效率，减少柴油发动机的廢氣排放量。<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E9%85%B8%E9%88%B0(IV)" class="mw-redirect" title="硫酸鈰(IV)">硫酸鈰(IV)</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%B4%E5%AE%9A" title="滴定">滴定</a>中常用作<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%8A%91" class="mw-redirect" title="氧化劑">氧化劑</a>。添加於<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B2%E5%9F%BA%E7%A3%BA%E9%85%B8" title="甲基磺酸">甲基磺酸</a>溶液中的+4價鈰離子在工業規模的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9B%BB%E5%90%88%E6%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="電合成（页面不存在）">電合成</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrosynthesis" class="extiw" title="en:Electrosynthesis">Electrosynthesis</a>）技術中被用作可回收的氧化劑。<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%88%B0%E9%8A%A8" title="硝酸鈰銨">硝酸鈰銨</a>在有機化學領域和<a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="電子元件">電子元件</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E8%9D%95%E5%88%BB" title="蝕刻">蝕刻</a>過程中被用作氧化劑，此外也被用作滴定的標準試劑。<a href="#cite_note-CRC-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-appl-44">[44]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5_mm_Tinted_White_LED_(on).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/5_mm_Tinted_White_LED_%28on%29.jpg/200px-5_mm_Tinted_White_LED_%28on%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/5_mm_Tinted_White_LED_%28on%29.jpg/300px-5_mm_Tinted_White_LED_%28on%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/5_mm_Tinted_White_LED_%28on%29.jpg/400px-5_mm_Tinted_White_LED_%28on%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4779" data-file-height="3186" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LED</a>產生的光為單色藍光，但Ce:YAG螢光粉能將其中一部分轉化為黃光，兩種色光相互混合後進入人眼，即被感知為白光。</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="顏料和螢光粉">顏料和螢光粉</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：顏料和螢光粉">编辑</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E9%93%88" title="三硫化二铈">硫化鈰(III)</a>有著鮮豔的紅色，且在非常高的溫度下仍保持其化學惰性，在繪畫界中被用作耐光但毒性很強的<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92%E5%8C%96%E9%95%89" title="硒化镉">硒化鎘</a>顏料之替代品。<a href="#cite_note-Emsley-22">[22]</a> 含鈰的<a href="/wiki/%E8%9E%A2%E5%85%89%E7%B2%89" class="mw-redirect" title="螢光粉">螢光粉</a>廣泛用於<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A0%E5%83%8F%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="映像管">映像管</a>電視螢幕、<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E5%85%89%E7%87%88" class="mw-redirect" title="日光燈">日光燈</a>和現代的白光<a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LED</a>中。<a href="#cite_note-r1-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-cerium-46">[46]</a>最常見的用例為摻雜+3價鈰離子的<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%94%E9%8B%81%E7%9F%B3%E6%A6%B4%E7%9F%B3" title="釔鋁石榴石">釔鋁石榴石</a>（Ce:YAG）螢光粉，它會發出綠色至黃綠色的光芒（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E9%95%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="波長">波長</a>550–530nm），也可用作電離輻射探測器的<a href="/wiki/%E9%97%AA%E7%83%81%E4%BD%93%E6%8E%A2%E6%B5%8B%E5%99%A8" title="闪烁体探测器">閃爍體</a>。 <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="其他用途">其他用途</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：其他用途">编辑</a>]</div> 鈰可以和鋁形成具有出色耐高溫性能的<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%81%E5%90%88%E9%87%91" title="鋁合金">鋁合金</a>，其中可以進一步添加<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%82" class="mw-redirect" title="鎂">鎂</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="矽">矽</a>，適用於<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="汽車">汽車</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%BD%E7%BC%B8%E8%93%8B" title="汽缸蓋">汽缸蓋</a>等。<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> 铈在核工業中常用作<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="鈽">δ-鈽</a>的穩定劑（添加量為0.9~1%質量分數），和鈽形成的鈽鈰合金以及鈽-鈰-<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="鈷">鈷</a>合金等被用作<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%87%83%E6%96%99" title="核燃料">核燃料</a>。 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E4%BA%8C%E9%93%88" title="三硫化二铈">三硫化二鈰</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%9B%E7%A1%AB%E5%8C%96%E4%B8%89%E9%88%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="四硫化三鈰（页面不存在）">四硫化三鈰</a>等鈰鹽曾在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BC%E5%93%88%E9%A0%93%E8%A8%88%E5%8A%83" class="mw-redirect" title="曼哈頓計劃">曼哈頓計劃</a>期間被認為是製造<a href="/wiki/%E5%9D%A9%E5%A0%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="坩堝">坩堝</a>的理想<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%90%E7%81%AB%E6%9D%90%E6%96%99" title="耐火材料">耐火材料</a>，可以承受鎔鑄<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="鈽">鈽</a>金屬時的高溫和強還原力環境。<a href="#cite_note-:0-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-49">[49]</a>儘管具有理想的性質，但由於其合成難度高而從未被廣泛採用。<a href="#cite_note-:0-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="资源分布">资源分布</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：资源分布">编辑</a>]</div> 铈资源主要集中在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="中国">中国</a>和北欧的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8C%AA%E5%A8%81" title="挪威">挪威</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%85%B8" title="瑞典">瑞典</a>，其中中国的储量最高。除此之外，<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="美国">美国</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%84%E7%BD%97%E6%96%AF" title="俄罗斯">俄罗斯</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6" title="印度">印度</a>等国也有一定铈储量。<a href="#cite_note-jiangxm-50">[50]</a> 其中，以<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B0%9F%E7%A2%B3%E9%93%88%E7%9F%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="氟碳铈矿（页面不存在）">氟碳铈矿</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastn%C3%A4site" class="extiw" title="en:Bastnäsite">Bastnäsite</a>）主产地包括美国加利福尼亚的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8A%92%E5%BB%B7%E5%B8%95%E6%96%AF%E7%9F%BF%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="芒廷帕斯矿山（页面不存在）">芒廷帕斯矿山</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Pass_mine" class="extiw" title="en:Mountain Pass mine">Mountain Pass mine</a>）、中国的四川冕宁、山东微山及内蒙古的<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E4%BA%91%E9%84%82%E5%8D%9A%E9%93%81%E7%9F%BF" title="白云鄂博铁矿">白云鄂博</a>等；<a href="/wiki/%E7%8D%A8%E5%B1%85%E7%9F%B3" title="獨居石">独居石</a>（磷铈镧矿）的主要产地则有澳大利亚的维尔德山、东西海岸海滨砂矿等；<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E7%81%B0%E7%9F%B3" title="磷灰石">磷灰石</a>矿则主要产于印度西南海岸海滨沙、中国广东南山海海滨沙等。<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88%E9%93%8C%E9%92%99%E9%92%9B%E7%9F%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="铈铌钙钛矿（页面不存在）">铈铌钙钛矿</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loparite-(Ce)" class="extiw" title="en:Loparite-(Ce)">Loparite-(Ce)</a>）的产地有俄罗斯<a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%93%88%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="萨哈共和国">萨哈共和国</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%89%98%E5%A7%86%E6%89%98%E5%B0%94%E7%9F%BF%E5%BA%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="托姆托尔矿床（页面不存在）">托姆托尔矿床</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomtor_mine" class="extiw" title="en:Tomtor mine">Tomtor mine</a>）等。<a href="#cite_note-jiangxm-50">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生物作用">生物作用</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：生物作用">编辑</a>]</div> 如同其他<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E5%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="稀土元素">稀土元素</a>，鈰在人體內沒有已知的生物作用。除了<a href="/wiki/%E5%97%9C%E7%94%B2%E7%83%B7%E8%8F%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="嗜甲烷菌">嗜甲烷菌</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Methylacidiphilum_fumariolicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum（页面不存在）">Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylacidiphilum_fumariolicum" class="extiw" title="en:Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum">Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum</a>）外，目前沒有發現鈰在其他生物體中發揮任何生物學作用，但其毒性也並不高，不會在<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E7%89%A9%E9%8F%88" title="食物鏈">食物鏈</a>中累積到產生明顯副作用的程度。由於鈰在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BD" title="磷酸鹽">磷酸鹽</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="礦物">礦物</a>中經常與<a href="/wiki/%E9%88%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="鈣">鈣</a>共生，而人類<a href="/wiki/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC" title="骨骼">骨骼</a>的主要成分即為<a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7%E9%85%B8%E9%92%99" title="磷酸钙">磷酸鈣</a>，因此鈰被攝入人體後會少量地積聚在骨骼中，但並不至於造成任何健康風險。 <a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="鑭">鑭</a>、鈰等輕<a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AD%E7%B3%BB%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鑭系元素">鑭系元素</a>對於<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E5%B1%B1" title="火山">火山</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A5%E6%BA%AB%E6%B3%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泥溫泉（页面不存在）">泥溫泉</a>（英语：<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mudpot" class="extiw" title="en:Mudpot">Mudpot</a>）中的嗜甲烷菌（如Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum）至關重要，是其體內甲醇脫氫酶的重要輔助因子。由於輕鑭系元素間彼此化學性質的高度相似性，菌體內的鑭、鈰、<a href="/wiki/%E9%90%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="鐠">鐠</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="釹">釹</a>可以相互取代而不會對菌體產生任何不良影響。<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a>若以<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="釤">釤</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%AA" class="mw-redirect" title="銪">銪</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%93" class="mw-redirect" title="釓">釓</a>等質量稍重的鑭系元素取代，除了使它們生長緩慢外亦沒有其他副作用。<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%9D%E9%85%B8%E9%93%88" title="硝酸铈">硝酸鈰</a>是治療三級<a href="/wiki/%E7%83%A7%E4%BC%A4" title="烧伤">燒傷</a>的有效抗菌藥物<a href="#cite_note-Emsley-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a>，儘管施用劑量過大會導致鈰中毒和<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%98%E9%93%81%E8%A1%80%E7%BA%A2%E8%9B%8B%E7%99%BD%E7%97%87" class="mw-redirect" title="高铁血红蛋白症">高鐵血紅蛋白症</a>。<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="危害">危害</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节：危害">编辑</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84001320">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox nounderlines" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" rules="all" style="background-color:#f0f0f0; float:right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; border-color: #aaaaaa; border-style:solid; border:1px; border-collapse:collapse; empty-cells:show; width:305px; font-size:90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="font-size:120%; text-align:center; background:#d6e0dc;">铈 </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">危险性 </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%81%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="全球化学品统一分类和标签制度">GHS危险性符号</a> <a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》（简称“GHS”）中易燃物的标签图案"><img alt="《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》（简称“GHS”）中易燃物的标签图案" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6%E5%93%81%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E5%92%8C%E6%A0%87%E7%AD%BE%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="全球化学品统一分类和标签制度">GHS提示词</a> </td> <td>Danger </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GHS%E5%8D%B1%E9%99%A9%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E" title="GHS危险说明">H-术语</a> </td> <td>H228 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GHS%E9%98%B2%E8%8C%83%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E" title="GHS防范说明">P-术语</a> </td> <td>P210 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> </td> <td> <div style="position: relative; height: 85px; width: 75px;"> <div style="position: absolute; height: 75px; width: 75px;"><a href="/wiki/File:NFPA_704.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/75px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/113px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/150px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div> <div title="可燃性" style="background: transparent; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 3px; font-size: large;">0</div> <div title="健康" style="background: transparent; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 21px; font-size: large;">2</div> <div title="反應性" style="background: transparent; width: 37.5px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 21px; left: 37.5px; font-size: large;">0</div> <div title="其它危險" style="background: transparent; width: 75px; height: 2em; text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; position: absolute; top: 44px; font-size: small;"> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#D6E0DC; text-align:center;" colspan="2">若非注明，所有数据均出自<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%81" title="标准状态">标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）</a>下。 </td></tr></tbody></table> 如同其他稀土元素，鈰具有低到中度的毒性，應小心處理。鈰金屬在65至80°C的空氣中很容易自燃，其燃燒產生的煙霧是有毒的。不應使用水來撲滅鈰燃燒引發的火災，因為鈰會與水反應產生易燃的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AB%E6%B0%A3" title="氫氣">氫氣</a>。長期接觸鈰的工人容易有瘙癢、對熱敏感和<a href="/wiki/%E7%9A%AE%E8%86%9A" title="皮膚">皮膚</a>損傷等症狀。鈰被攝入人體後並無毒性，但在動物體內注射大劑量的鈰會導致其<a href="/wiki/%E5%BF%83%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="心血管">心血管</a>衰竭而死亡。<a href="#cite_note-Emsley-22">[22]</a>鈰對水生生物來說危險得多，因為它會破壞<a href="/wiki/%E7%B4%B0%E8%83%9E%E8%86%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="細胞膜">細胞膜</a>，且其不易溶於水，容易導致環境污染。<a href="#cite_note-Emsley-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻">參考文獻</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节：參考文獻">编辑</a>]</div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-1"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_1-0">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, 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Electrochimica Acta. 2016, 205: 226–247 [2022-08-22]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.electacta.2016.04.062">doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2016.04.062</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220822221559/https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/393200/1/__filestore.soton.ac.uk_users_gos1g13_mydesktop_Revised%2520Cerium%2520Review%25202016%2520for%2520EA%2520final.pdf">存档</a> (PDF)于2022-08-22）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%93%88&rft.atitle=Electrochemical+redox+processes+involving+soluble+cerium+species&rft.au=Ponce+de+Le%C3%B3n%2C+C.&rft.au=Walsh%2C+F.C.&rft.aufirst=L.F.&rft.aulast=Arenas&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Electrochimica+Acta&rft.pages=226-247&rft.volume=205&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.soton.ac.uk%2F393200%2F1%2F__filestore.soton.ac.uk_users_gos1g13_mydesktop_Revised%252520Cerium%252520Review%2525202016%252520for%252520EA%252520final.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.electacta.2016.04.062&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-appl-44"><a href="#cite_ref-appl_44-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Gupta, C. 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CRC Press. 2004: 30. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-415-33340-5" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-415-33340-5">ISBN 978-0-415-33340-5</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%93%88&rft.au=Gupta%2C+C.+K.&rft.au=Krishnamurthy%2C+Nagaiyar&rft.btitle=Extractive+metallurgy+of+rare+earths&rft.date=2004&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-415-33340-5&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF0Bte_XhzoAC%26pg%3DPA30&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-r1-45"><a href="#cite_ref-r1_45-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nanopartikel.info/cms/lang/en/Wissensbasis/Cerdioxid">Cerium dioxide</a> <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">互联网档案馆</a>的<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130302081012/http://www.nanopartikel.info/cms/lang/en/Wissensbasis/Cerdioxid">存檔</a>，存档日期2013-03-02.. nanopartikel.info (2011-02-02) </li> <li id="cite_note-cerium-46"><a href="#cite_ref-cerium_46-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Trovarelli, Alessandro. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=X2z9WdN3-WgC">Catalysis by ceria and related materials</a>. Imperial College Press. 2002: 6–11. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-1-86094-299-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-1-86094-299-0">ISBN 978-1-86094-299-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%93%88&rft.au=Trovarelli%2C+Alessandro&rft.btitle=Catalysis+by+ceria+and+related+materials&rft.date=2002&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-1-86094-299-0&rft.pages=6-11&rft.pub=Imperial+College+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX2z9WdN3-WgC&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Sims, Zachary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1257369">Cerium-Based, Intermetallic-Strengthened Aluminum Casting Alloy: High-Volume Co-product Development</a>. JOM. 2016, 68 (7): 1940–1947. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JOM....68g1940S">Bibcode:2016JOM....68g1940S</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=1346625">OSTI 1346625</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:138835874">S2CID 138835874</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11837-016-1943-9">doi:10.1007/s11837-016-1943-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%93%88&rft.atitle=Cerium-Based%2C+Intermetallic-Strengthened+Aluminum+Casting+Alloy%3A+High-Volume+Co-product+Development&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rft.aulast=Sims&rft.date=2016&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=JOM&rft.pages=1940-1947&rft.volume=68&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fenergycitations%2Fproduct.biblio.jsp%3Fosti_id%3D1346625&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A138835874&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fbiblio%2F1257369&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016JOM....68g1940S&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11837-016-1943-9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_48-0">48.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_48-1">48.1</a> <cite class="citation journal">Hirai, Shinji; Shimakage, Kazuyoshi; Saitou, Yasushi; Nishimura, Toshiyuki; Uemura, Yoichiro; Mitomo, Mamoru; Brewer, Leo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02306.x">Synthesis and Sintering of Cerium(III) Sulfide Powders</a>. Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 2005-01-21, 81 (1): 145–151. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1151-2916.1998.tb02306.x">doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02306.x</a> （英语）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%93%88&rft.atitle=Synthesis+and+Sintering+of+Cerium%28III%29+Sulfide+Powders&rft.au=Brewer%2C+Leo&rft.au=Mitomo%2C+Mamoru&rft.au=Nishimura%2C+Toshiyuki&rft.au=Saitou%2C+Yasushi&rft.au=Shimakage%2C+Kazuyoshi&rft.au=Uemura%2C+Yoichiro&rft.aufirst=Shinji&rft.aulast=Hirai&rft.date=2005-01-21&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Ceramic+Society&rft.pages=145-151&rft.volume=81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoi.wiley.com%2F10.1111%2Fj.1151-2916.1998.tb02306.x&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1151-2916.1998.tb02306.x&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-49"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_49-0">^</a> <cite class="citation book">Hadden, Gavin (编). Chapter 11 - Ames Project. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan_district">Manhattan District History</a> 4. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Corps of Engineers. 1946 [2022-08-22]. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221216052156/https://www.osti.gov/opennet/manhattan_district">存档</a>于2022-12-16）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%93%88&rft.atitle=Chapter+11+-+Ames+Project&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft.aulast=Hadden&rft.btitle=Manhattan+District+History&rft.date=1946&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Corps+of+Engineers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fopennet%2Fmanhattan_district&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-jiangxm-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jiangxm_50-0">50.0</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jiangxm_50-1">50.1</a> <cite class="citation book">蒋兴明. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9787502465780">稀贵金属产业发展</a>. 北京: 冶金工业出版社. 2014.05: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9787502465780/page/8">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5024-6578-0" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5024-6578-0">ISBN 978-7-5024-6578-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%93%88&rft.au=%E8%92%8B%E5%85%B4%E6%98%8E&rft.btitle=%E7%A8%80%E8%B4%B5%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E%E4%BA%A7%E4%B8%9A%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-5024-6578-0&rft.pages=8&rft.place=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&rft.pub=%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%B7%A5%E4%B8%9A%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9787502465780&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988">  请检查<code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|date=</code>中的日期值 (<a href="/wiki/Help:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E9%94%99%E8%AF%AF#bad_date" title="Help:引文格式1错误">帮助</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> Kang, L., Shen, Z. & Jin, C. Neodymium cations Nd3+ were transported to the interior of Euglena gracilis 277. Chin.Sci.Bull. 45, 585–592 (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02886032">https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02886032</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Pol, Arjan; Barends, Thomas R. M.; Dietl, Andreas; Khadem, Ahmad F.; Eygensteyn, Jelle; Jetten, Mike S. M.; Op Den Camp, Huub J. M. Rare earth metals are essential for methanotrophic life in volcanic mudpots. Environmental Microbiology. 2013, 16 (1): 255–64. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24034209">PMID 24034209</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1462-2920.12249">doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12249</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%93%88&rft.atitle=Rare+earth+metals+are+essential+for+methanotrophic+life+in+volcanic+mudpots&rft.au=Barends%2C+Thomas+R.+M.&rft.au=Dietl%2C+Andreas&rft.au=Eygensteyn%2C+Jelle&rft.au=Jetten%2C+Mike+S.+M.&rft.au=Khadem%2C+Ahmad+F.&rft.au=Op+Den+Camp%2C+Huub+J.+M.&rft.aufirst=Arjan&rft.aulast=Pol&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Microbiology&rft.pages=255-64&rft.volume=16&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1462-2920.12249&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24034209&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Dai, Tianhong; Huang, Ying-Ying; Sharma, Sulbha K.; Hashmi, Javad T.; Kurup, Divya B.; Hamblin, Michael R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2935806">Topical antimicrobials for burn wound infections</a>. Recent Pat Anti-Infect Drug Discov. 2010, 5 (2): 124–151. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2935806">PMC 2935806</a> <img alt="可免费查阅" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" />. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20429870">PMID 20429870</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2174%2F157489110791233522">doi:10.2174/157489110791233522</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%93%88&rft.atitle=Topical+antimicrobials+for+burn+wound+infections&rft.au=Hamblin%2C+Michael+R.&rft.au=Hashmi%2C+Javad+T.&rft.au=Huang%2C+Ying-Ying&rft.au=Kurup%2C+Divya+B.&rft.au=Sharma%2C+Sulbha+K.&rft.aufirst=Tianhong&rft.aulast=Dai&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Recent+Pat+Anti-Infect+Drug+Discov&rft.pages=124-151&rft.volume=5&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2935806&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2935806&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2174%2F157489110791233522&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20429870&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <cite class="citation journal">Attof, Rachid; Magnin, Christophe; Bertin-Maghit, Marc; Olivier, Laure; Tissot, Sylvie; Petit, Paul. Methemoglobinemia by cerium nitrate poisoning. Burns. 2007, 32 (8): 1060–1061. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17027160">PMID 17027160</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.burns.2006.04.005">doi:10.1016/j.burns.2006.04.005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E9%93%88&rft.atitle=Methemoglobinemia+by+cerium+nitrate+poisoning&rft.au=Bertin-Maghit%2C+Marc&rft.au=Magnin%2C+Christophe&rft.au=Olivier%2C+Laure&rft.au=Petit%2C+Paul&rft.au=Tissot%2C+Sylvie&rft.aufirst=Rachid&rft.aulast=Attof&rft.date=2007&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=8&rft.jtitle=Burns&rft.pages=1060-1061&rft.volume=32&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.burns.2006.04.005&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17027160&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988">  </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結">外部連結</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%93%88&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节：外部連結">编辑</a>]</div> <ul><li>元素铈在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://periodic.lanl.gov/58.shtml">洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室</a>的介紹（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Ce.html">EnvironmentalChemistry.com —— 铈</a>（英文）</li> <li>元素<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.periodicvideos.com/videos/058.htm">铈</a>在The Periodic Table of Videos（諾丁漢大學）的介紹（英文）</li> <li>元素铈在<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Ce">Peter van der Krogt elements site</a>的介紹（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/webelements/elements/text/Ce/index.html">WebElements.com – 铈</a>（英文）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yl8EPSrfIRI">Lu Le Laboratory 鈰鐵合金的起火影片 </a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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.navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em;width:auto;padding-left:0.2em;position:absolute;left:1em}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{margin-left:0.5em;position:absolute;right:1em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83953186"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="元素周期表" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="Template:元素週期表"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="Template talk:元素週期表"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E9%80%B1%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:元素週期表"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="元素周期表" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E8%A1%A8" title="元素周期表">元素周期表</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table class="wraplinks" style="width: 100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td>  </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83953186"> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱金属">IA 1</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B1%E5%9C%9F%E9%87%91%E5%B1%9E" title="碱土金属">IIA 2</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="3族元素">IIIB 3</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/4%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="4族元素">IVB 4</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/5%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="5族元素">VB 5</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/6%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="6族元素">VIB 6</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="7族元素">VIIB 7</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/8%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="8族元素">VIIIB 8</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/9%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="9族元素">VIIIB 9</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/10%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="10族元素">VIIIB 10</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/11%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="11族元素">IB 11</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/12%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="12族元素">IIB 12</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="硼族元素">IIIA 13</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="碳族元素">IVA 14</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氮族元素">VA 15</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7%E6%97%8F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="氧族元素">VIA 16</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A4%E7%B4%A0" title="卤素">VIIA 17</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%80%E6%9C%89%E6%B0%94%E4%BD%93" title="稀有气体">VIIIA 18</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC1%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第1周期元素">1</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A2" title="氢">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A6" title="氦">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC2%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第2周期元素">2</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂">Li</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8D" title="铍">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼">B</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B3" title="碳">C</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AE" title="氮">N</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A7" title="氧">O</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%9F" title="氟">F</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%96" title="氖">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC3%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第3周期元素">3</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A0" title="钠">Na</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%81" title="镁">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9D" title="铝">Al</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%85" title="硅">Si</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A3%B7" title="磷">P</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">S</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AF" title="氯">Cl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A9" title="氩">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC4%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第4周期元素">4</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BE" title="钾">K</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%99" title="钙">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AA" title="钪">Sc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9B" title="钛">Ti</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%92" title="钒">V</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AC" title="铬">Cr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B0" title="锰">Mn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%81" title="铁">Fe</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B4" title="钴">Co</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8D" title="镍">Ni</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜">Cu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8C" title="锌">Zn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%93" title="镓">Ga</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%97" title="锗">Ge</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B7" title="砷">As</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_reactive_nonmetal" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%92" title="硒">Se</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%BA%B4" title="溴">Br</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%AA" title="氪">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC5%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第5周期元素">5</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B7" title="铷">Rb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%B6" title="锶">Sr</a> </td> <td style="border:none; width:0;padding:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none">  </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%87" title="钇">Y</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%86" title="锆">Zr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8C" title="铌">Nb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BC" title="钼">Mo</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%9D" title="锝">Tc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8C" title="钌">Ru</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%91" title="铑">Rh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AF" title="钯">Pd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80" title="銀">Ag</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%89" title="镉">Cd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%9F" title="铟">In</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%A1" title="锡">Sn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%91" title="锑">Sb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%B2" title="碲">Te</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_halogen" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%98" title="碘">I</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%99" title="氙">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC6%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第6周期元素">6</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AF" title="铯">Cs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A1" title="钡">Ba</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧">La</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ce</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A8" title="镨">Pr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%95" title="钕">Nd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B7" title="钷">Pm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%90" title="钐">Sm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%95" title="铕">Eu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%86" title="钆">Gd</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BD" title="铽">Tb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%9D" title="镝">Dy</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AC" title="钬">Ho</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%92" title="铒">Er</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%A5" title="铥">Tm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%B1" title="镱">Yb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_lanthanide" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A5" title="镥">Lu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%AA" title="铪">Hf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%BD" title="钽">Ta</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%A8" title="钨">W</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%BC" title="铼">Re</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%87" title="锇">Os</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B1" title="铱">Ir</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%82" title="铂">Pt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91" title="金">Au</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">Hg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8A" title="铊">Tl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%85" title="铅">Pb</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%8B" title="铋">Bi</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8B" title="钋">Po</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_metalloid" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A0%B9" title="砹">At</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_noble_gas" width="3.125%" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%A1" title="氡">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC7%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9F%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" title="第7周期元素">7</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%AB" title="钫">Fr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_alkali_earth" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%AD" title="镭">Ra</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%95" title="锕">Ac</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%8D" title="钍">Th</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%A4" title="镤">Pa</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%BE" title="鈾">U</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%8E" title="镎">Np</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%9A" title="钚">Pu</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%85" title="镅">Am</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%94" title="锔">Cm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%AB" title="锫">Bk</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%8E" title="锎">Cf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BF" title="锿">Es</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%84" title="镄">Fm</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%94" title="钔">Md</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%98" title="锘">No</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_actinide" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%92" title="鐒">Lr</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%91%AA" title="鑪">Rf</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A7%80" title="𨧀">Db</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%8E" title="𨭎">Sg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%A8%8F" title="𨨏">Bh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%F0%A8%AD%86" title="𨭆">Hs</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%A5%91" title="䥑">Mt</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%90%BD" title="鐽">Ds</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%80" title="錀">Rg</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%B6" title="鎶">Cn</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%A8" title="鉨">Nh</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_post_transition" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%88%87" title="鈇">Fl</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%95%86" title="镆">Mc</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%89%9D" title="鉝">Lv</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AC" title="鿬">Ts</a> </td> <td class="Yuansuzhouqibiao_unknown" style="border:none;"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BF%AB" title="鿫">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div 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