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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Book about role-playing games</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">The Complete Guide to Role-Playing Games <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+Role-Playing+Games&rft.author=%5B%5BRick+Swan%5D%5D&rft.pub=%5B%5BSt.+Martin%27s+Press%5D%5D"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cover_of_The_Complete_Guide_to_Role-playing_Games.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bf/Cover_of_The_Complete_Guide_to_Role-playing_Games.png" decoding="async" width="211" height="321" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="211" data-file-height="321" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rick_Swan" title="Rick Swan">Rick Swan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cover artist</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Foglio" title="Phil Foglio">Phil Foglio</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data">1990</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Complete Guide to Role-Playing Games</b></i> is a book written by <a href="/wiki/Rick_Swan" title="Rick Swan">Rick Swan</a> and published by <a href="/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Press" title="St. Martin's Press">St. Martin's Press</a> in 1990 that explains <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Role-playing games">role-playing games</a> and provides reviews of those that were on the market at the time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contents">Contents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Complete_Guide_to_Role-Playing_Games&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Contents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Complete Guide to Role-Playing Games</i> starts by providing an introduction to the world of role-playing games, including information for the new <a href="/wiki/Gamemaster" title="Gamemaster">gamemaster</a>, and information for the new player.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bulk of the book is given over to reviews of over 150 role-playing games<sup id="cite_ref-dragon172_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dragon172-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that were available in 1990, in a section titled "The Good, the Bad, and the Awful." </p><p>In addition Swan provides a number of "Top 10" lists in an index titled "Recommendations", including his favorite games, the best games for beginners, the best adventures and campaigns, and the best supplements.<sup id="cite_ref-grog_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grog-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the next decade, several authors referred readers to this book for more information on how to enter the world of role-playing games.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his 2014 book <i>Designers & Dragons</i>, game historian <a href="/wiki/Shannon_Appelcline" title="Shannon Appelcline">Shannon Appelcline</a> acknowledged that he had used Swan's book as a primary source of information for role-playing games of the 1970s and 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similarly, in his paper <i>An Analysis of Early 1980s English Language Commercial TRPG Definitions</i>, Jose P. Zagal acknowledged this book as an important source of information about "the most significant games" published between 1980 and 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Complete_Guide_to_Role-Playing_Games&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the August 1991 edition of <i><a href="/wiki/Dragon_(magazine)" title="Dragon (magazine)">Dragon</a></i> (Issue #172), <a href="/wiki/Allen_Varney" title="Allen Varney">Allen Varney</a> called the reviews "fascinating." He concluded, "There’s lots of historical perspective, amusing rules bloopers, and maybe even room for argument, but overall I enthusiastically recommend Swan’s book. So, when’s the next edition?"<sup id="cite_ref-dragon172_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dragon172-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Issue 10 of <i><a href="/wiki/Wizard_(magazine)" title="Wizard (magazine)">Wizard</a></i>, Doris Schwartz called Swan's one-sentence description of role-playing games — "A role-playing game is like an improvised novel in which all the participants serve as authors" — "truly the best description of what goes on in play." Schwartz also noted that Swan had provided "an excellent glossary at the end of the book that will be helpful to the new player."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In her 1998 book <i>Presenting Young Adult Fantasy Fiction</i>, Cathi Dunn MacRae used Swan's book to better explain the structure of a role-playing game to a new player.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Guide du Rôliste Galactique</i> noted "<i>The Complete Guide to Role-Playing Games</i> was intended to be an overview of the role-playing field at the time of its release, before the Internet became widespread. Based on the principle that if finding yourself in the field of role-playing games had been easy at one time, the proliferation of games could make things difficult for newcomers, the author has put together critical presentations of existing games, and of which he was aware at that time."<sup id="cite_ref-grog_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grog-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Complete_Guide_to_Role-Playing_Games&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://index.rpg.net/display-entry.phtml?mainid=8527">"The Complete Guide to Role-Playing Games - RPGnet RPG Game Index"</a>. <i>index.rpg.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=index.rpg.net&rft.atitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+Role-Playing+Games+-+RPGnet+RPG+Game+Index&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findex.rpg.net%2Fdisplay-entry.phtml%3Fmainid%3D8527&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Complete+Guide+to+Role-Playing+Games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dragon172-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dragon172_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dragon172_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarney1991" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Allen_Varney" title="Allen Varney">Varney, Allen</a> (August 1991). "Roleplaying Reviews". <i><a href="/wiki/Dragon_(magazine)" title="Dragon (magazine)">Dragon</a></i>. No. 172. p. 30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dragon&rft.atitle=Roleplaying+Reviews&rft.issue=172&rft.pages=30&rft.date=1991-08&rft.aulast=Varney&rft.aufirst=Allen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Complete+Guide+to+Role-Playing+Games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grog-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grog_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grog_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legrog.org/jeux/documentation-etudes/complete-guide-to-role-playing-games-en">"The Complete Guide to Role-Playing Games"</a>. <i>Guide du Rôliste Galactique</i> (in French). 2009-05-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Guide+du+R%C3%B4liste+Galactique&rft.atitle=The+Complete+Guide+to+Role-Playing+Games&rft.date=2009-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legrog.org%2Fjeux%2Fdocumentation-etudes%2Fcomplete-guide-to-role-playing-games-en&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Complete+Guide+to+Role-Playing+Games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1992" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Jack C. (1992). <i>Adventure Gaming</i>. New York: Crestwood House. p. 45.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Adventure+Gaming&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Crestwood+House&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Jack+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Complete+Guide+to+Role-Playing+Games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStebbins1998" class="citation book cs1">Stebbins, Robert A. (1998). <i>After Work : The search for an optimal leisure lifestyle</i>. Calgary: Detselig Enterprises. p. 161.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=After+Work+%3A+The+search+for+an+optimal+leisure+lifestyle&rft.place=Calgary&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Detselig+Enterprises&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Stebbins&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Complete+Guide+to+Role-Playing+Games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAppelcline1998" class="citation book cs1">Appelcline, Shannon (1998). <i>Designers & Dragons: The 70s</i>. Evil Hat Production Publication. p. 356. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781613170755" title="Special:BookSources/9781613170755"><bdi>9781613170755</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Designers+%26+Dragons%3A+The+70s&rft.pages=356&rft.pub=Evil+Hat+Production+Publication&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9781613170755&rft.aulast=Appelcline&rft.aufirst=Shannon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Complete+Guide+to+Role-Playing+Games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZagal2019" class="citation cs2">Zagal, Jose P. (2019-12-23), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://analoggamestudies.org/2019/12/an-analysis-of-early-1980s-english-language-commercial-trpg-definitions/">"An Analysis of Early 1980s English Language Commercial TRPG Definitions"</a>, <i>Analog Game Studies</i>, vol. X, <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2643-7112">2643-7112</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=An+Analysis+of+Early+1980s+English+Language+Commercial+TRPG+Definitions&rft.btitle=Analog+Game+Studies&rft.date=2019-12-23&rft.issn=2643-7112&rft.aulast=Zagal&rft.aufirst=Jose+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanaloggamestudies.org%2F2019%2F12%2Fan-analysis-of-early-1980s-english-language-commercial-trpg-definitions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Complete+Guide+to+Role-Playing+Games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz1992" class="citation magazine cs1">Schwartz, Doris (June 1992). "Wizard's Realm: A Look in the world of role-playing". <i>Wizard</i>. No. 10. pp. 76–77.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wizard&rft.atitle=Wizard%27s+Realm%3A+A+Look+in+the+world+of+role-playing&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=76-77&rft.date=1992-06&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Doris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Complete+Guide+to+Role-Playing+Games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacRae1998" class="citation book cs1">MacRae, Cathi Dunn (1998). <i>Presenting Young Adult Fantasy Fiction</i>. New York: Twayne Publishers. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0805782206" title="Special:BookSources/0805782206"><bdi>0805782206</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Presenting+Young+Adult+Fantasy+Fiction&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0805782206&rft.aulast=MacRae&rft.aufirst=Cathi+Dunn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Complete+Guide+to+Role-Playing+Games" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Complete_Guide_to_Role-Playing_Games&oldid=1218406701">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Complete_Guide_to_Role-Playing_Games&oldid=1218406701</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1990_non-fiction_books" title="Category:1990 non-fiction books">1990 non-fiction books</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_role-playing_games" title="Category:Books about role-playing games">Books about role-playing games</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 April 2024, at 14:57<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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