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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History_and_variants_of_the_term" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History_and_variants_of_the_term"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History and variants of the term</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History_and_variants_of_the_term-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_traditional_tabletop_role-playing_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_traditional_tabletop_role-playing_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In traditional tabletop role-playing games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_traditional_tabletop_role-playing_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_online_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_online_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In online games</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_online_games-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In online games subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_online_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Additional_online_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Additional_online_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Additional online games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Additional_online_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_pervasive_games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_pervasive_games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>In pervasive games</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_pervasive_games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gamemaster_simulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gamemaster_simulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gamemaster simulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gamemaster_simulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 24 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-24" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">24 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%83%D0%B9%C4%83_%C4%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Вăйă ăсти – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăйă ăсти" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spielleiter_(Spiel)" title="Spielleiter (Spiel) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Spielleiter (Spiel)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamemaster" title="Gamemaster – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Gamemaster" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_de_juego_(juegos_de_rol)" title="Director de juego (juegos de rol) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Director de juego (juegos de rol)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludestro" title="Ludestro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ludestro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meneur_de_jeu" title="Meneur de jeu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Meneur de jeu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%9E%84%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4%ED%84%B0" title="게임마스터 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게임마스터" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludoduktanto" title="Ludoduktanto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ludoduktanto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_master" title="Game master – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Game master" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDaidimo_meistras" title="Žaidimo meistras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žaidimo meistras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamemaster" title="Gamemaster – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gamemaster" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamemaster" title="Gamemaster – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gamemaster" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC" title="ゲームマスター – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲームマスター" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spilleder_(rollespill)" title="Spilleder (rollespill) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Spilleder (rollespill)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mistrz_gry" title="Mistrz gry – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mistrz gry" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mestre_de_jogo" title="Mestre de jogo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mestre de jogo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamemaster" title="Gamemaster – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gamemaster" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95" title="مامۆستای کایە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مامۆستای کایە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelledare" title="Spelledare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Spelledare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เกมมาสเตอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เกมมาสเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyun_g%C3%B6revlisi" title="Oyun görevlisi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Oyun görevlisi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Ігровий майстер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ігровий майстер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E7%AE%A1%E7%90%86%E5%93%A1" title="遊戲管理員 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="遊戲管理員" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%81%8A%E6%88%B2%E4%B8%BB%E6%8C%81%E8%80%85" title="遊戲主持者 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="遊戲主持者" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q930701#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gamemaster" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Gamemaster" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input 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class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Facilitator role in role-playing games</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gamemaster_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gamemaster (disambiguation)">Gamemaster (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about roleplaying game moderators in general. For the moderator of a Dungeons and Dragons game, see <a href="/wiki/Dungeon_Master" title="Dungeon Master">Dungeon Master</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game" title="Role-playing game">Role-playing games</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Dados_4_a_20_caras_trans.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Dados_4_a_20_caras_trans.png/125px-Dados_4_a_20_caras_trans.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Dados_4_a_20_caras_trans.png/188px-Dados_4_a_20_caras_trans.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Dados_4_a_20_caras_trans.png/250px-Dados_4_a_20_caras_trans.png 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="420" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Types</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_game" title="Tabletop role-playing game">Tabletop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live_action_role-playing_game" title="Live action role-playing game">Live action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_video_game" title="Role-playing video game">Video game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actual_play" title="Actual play">Actual play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_text-based_role-playing_game" title="Online text-based role-playing game">Text-based</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Movements & Traditions</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_role-playing_games" title="History of role-playing games">History</a></li> <li>Indie <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indie_role-playing_game" title="Indie role-playing game">Tabletop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indie_game" title="Indie game">Video game</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LitRPG" title="LitRPG">Literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_studies" title="Game studies">Ludology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNS_theory" title="GNS theory">GNS theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game_theory" title="Role-playing game theory">RPG theories</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_School_Renaissance" title="Old School Renaissance">OSR</a></li> <li>Region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_games_in_Japan" title="Tabletop role-playing games in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_LARP" title="Nordic LARP">Nordic LARP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_role-playing_games" title="Polish role-playing games">Poland</a></li></ul></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Parts of Games</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Attribute_(role-playing_games)" title="Attribute (role-playing games)">Attribute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_setting" title="Campaign setting">Campaign setting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_creation" title="Character creation">Character creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_mechanics" title="Game mechanics">Game mechanics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistic_(role-playing_games)" title="Statistic (role-playing games)">Statistic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game_terms" title="Role-playing game terms">Terminology</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Participants</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gamemaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">Player character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">Non-player character</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_campaign_settings" title="List of campaign settings">Campaign settings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_live_action_role-playing_groups" title="List of live action role-playing groups">LARP groups</a></li> <li>Production <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_role-playing_game_artists" title="List of role-playing game artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_role-playing_game_designers" title="List of role-playing game designers">Designers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_game_manufacturers" title="List of game manufacturers">Publishers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_role-playing_games" class="mw-redirect" title="List of role-playing games">Tabletop games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_tabletop_role-playing_games" title="Timeline of tabletop role-playing games">Tabletop timeline</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <hr /> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Role-playing_games" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Role-playing games">WikiProject</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:RPG_sidebar" title="Template:RPG sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:RPG_sidebar" title="Template talk:RPG sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:RPG_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:RPG sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>gamemaster</b> (<b>GM</b>; also known as <b>game master</b>, <b>game manager</b>, <b>game moderator</b>, <b>referee</b>, <b>storyteller</b>, or <b>master of ceremonies</b>) is a person who acts as a facilitator, organizer, officiant regarding rules, arbitrator, and moderator for a multiplayer <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game" title="Role-playing game">role-playing game</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The act performed by a gamemaster is sometimes referred to as "gamemastering" or simply "GM-ing." </p><p>The role of a GM in a traditional <a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_game" title="Tabletop role-playing game">tabletop role-playing game</a> (TTRPG) is to weave together the other participants' <a href="/wiki/Player-character" class="mw-redirect" title="Player-character">player-characters'</a> (PCs) stories, control the <a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">non-player characters</a> (NPCs), describe or create environments in which the PCs can interact, and solve any player disputes. This basic role is the same in almost all traditional TTRPGs, with minor differences specific to differing rule sets. However, in some <a href="/wiki/Indie_role-playing_game" title="Indie role-playing game">indie role-playing games</a>, the GM role significantly differs from the traditional pattern. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Powered_by_the_Apocalypse" title="Powered by the Apocalypse">Powered by the Apocalypse</a> systems, the other players assist the GM in creating both the NPCs and the details of the <a href="/wiki/Campaign_setting" title="Campaign setting">campaign setting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:14_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:14-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The role of a gamemaster in an <a href="/wiki/Online_game" title="Online game">online game</a> is to enforce the game's rules and provide general customer service. </p><p>Gaming systems have their own names for the role of the GM. For example, in <i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a></i>, they are called <a href="/wiki/Dungeon_master" class="mw-redirect" title="Dungeon master">dungeon masters</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <i><a href="/wiki/World_of_Darkness" title="World of Darkness">World of Darkness</a></i> games, they are called storytellers,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in <a href="/wiki/Powered_by_the_Apocalypse" title="Powered by the Apocalypse">Powered by the Apocalypse</a> games they are called a variety of names, such as MCs (master of ceremonies).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>GMs are typically hobbyists; however, they are sometimes paid employees or entertainers for hire. This is more common for online games. Paid GMing was very uncommon for TTRPGs before the 2020s.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Role_playing_gamers_(III).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Role_playing_gamers_%28III%29.jpg/310px-Role_playing_gamers_%28III%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Role_playing_gamers_%28III%29.jpg/465px-Role_playing_gamers_%28III%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Role_playing_gamers_%28III%29.jpg/620px-Role_playing_gamers_%28III%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3900" data-file-height="2611" /></a><figcaption>A gamemaster (center) and players in a tabletop role-playing game</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_variants_of_the_term">History and variants of the term</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamemaster&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History and variants of the term"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a role-playing game context, the term <i>gamemaster</i> was first used by Dave Arneson while developing his game <i><a href="/wiki/Blackmoor_(campaign_setting)" title="Blackmoor (campaign setting)">Blackmoor</a></i> in 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the first usage in print may have been <i><a href="/wiki/Chivalry_%26_Sorcery" title="Chivalry & Sorcery">Chivalry & Sorcery</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-tresca2010_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tresca2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Each gaming system has its own name for the role of the gamemaster, such as "judge," "narrator," "referee," "director," or "storyteller,"<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and these terms not only describe the role of the GM in general but also help define how the game is intended to be run. For example, the most famous of such terms, the "<a href="/wiki/Dungeon_Master" title="Dungeon Master">Dungeon Master</a>" (or "DM") in <i><a href="/wiki/Dungeons_%26_Dragons" title="Dungeons & Dragons">Dungeons & Dragons</a>,</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> highlights the game's focus on <a href="/wiki/Dungeon_crawl" title="Dungeon crawl">dungeon crawling</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Storyteller_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Storyteller System">Storyteller System</a> used in <a href="/wiki/White_Wolf,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="White Wolf, Inc.">White Wolf Game Studio</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Storytelling_game" title="Storytelling game">storytelling games</a> calls its GM the "storyteller," while the <a href="/wiki/Role-playing_game_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Role-playing game system">rules</a>- and <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Universe" title="Marvel Universe">setting</a>-focused <a href="/wiki/Marvel_Super_Heroes_(role-playing_game)" title="Marvel Super Heroes (role-playing game)"><i>Marvel Super Heroes</i> role-playing game</a> calls its GM the "judge." The cartoon inspired role-playing game <i><a href="/wiki/Toon_(role-playing_game)" title="Toon (role-playing game)">Toon</a></i> calls its GM the "animator." Some games apply flavorful names to the GM to fit the genre or setting, such as the Keeper of Arcane Lore (in the <a href="/wiki/Occult" title="Occult">occult</a>-themed <i><a href="/wiki/Call_of_Cthulhu_(role-playing_game)" title="Call of Cthulhu (role-playing game)">Call of Cthulhu</a></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Hollyhock_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollyhock God">Hollyhock God</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Nobilis" title="Nobilis">Nobilis</a></i>, in which the <a href="/wiki/Hollyhock" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollyhock">hollyhock</a> represents vanity), the Groundskeeper (in the spooky <i><a href="/wiki/Bluebeard%27s_Bride" title="Bluebeard's Bride">Bluebeard's Bride</a></i>),<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Mall Rat (in <a href="/wiki/Visigoths_vs._Mall_Goths" title="Visigoths vs. Mall Goths">Visigoths vs. Mall Goths</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the Gaymaster (in <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a>-centered <i><a href="/wiki/Thirsty_Sword_Lesbians" title="Thirsty Sword Lesbians">Thirsty Sword Lesbians</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-:7_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i>gamemaster</i> and the role associated with it have been used in the <a href="/wiki/Play-by-mail_game" title="Play-by-mail game">postal gaming</a> hobby since the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In typical play-by-mail games, players control armies or civilizations and mail their chosen actions to the GM. The GM then mails the updated game state to all players on a regular basis. Usage in a wargaming context includes <a href="/wiki/Guidon_Games" title="Guidon Games">Guidon Games</a> 1973 ruleset, <i><a href="/wiki/Ironclad_(game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ironclad (game)">Ironclad</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_traditional_tabletop_role-playing_games">In traditional tabletop role-playing games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamemaster&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: In traditional tabletop role-playing games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dungeon_Master" title="Dungeon Master">Dungeon Master</a></div> <p>The gamemaster prepares the game session for the players and the characters they play (known as <a href="/wiki/Player_character" title="Player character">player characters</a> or PCs), describes the events taking place and decides on the outcomes of players' decisions. The gamemaster also keeps track of <a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">non-player characters</a> (NPCs) and <a href="/wiki/Random_encounter" title="Random encounter">random encounters</a>, as well as of the general state of the game world.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The game session (or "<a href="/wiki/Adventure_(role-playing_games)" title="Adventure (role-playing games)">adventure</a>") can be metaphorically described as a <a href="/wiki/Play_(theatre)" title="Play (theatre)">play</a>, in which the players are the lead actors, and the GM provides the <a href="/wiki/Stage_(theatre)" title="Stage (theatre)">stage</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Theatrical_scenery" title="Theatrical scenery">scenery</a>, the basic <a href="/wiki/Plot_(narrative)" title="Plot (narrative)">plot</a> on which the <a href="/wiki/Improvisation" title="Improvisation">improvisational</a> script is built, as well as all the <a href="/wiki/Bit_part" title="Bit part">bit parts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supporting_character" title="Supporting character">supporting characters</a>. Gamemasters can also be in charge of RPG board games making the events and setting challenges.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>GMs may choose to run a game based on a <a href="/wiki/Campaign_setting" title="Campaign setting">published game world</a>, with the maps and history already in place; such game worlds often have pre-written adventures. Alternatively, the GM may <a href="/wiki/Conworld" class="mw-redirect" title="Conworld">build their own world</a> and script their own <a href="/wiki/Adventure_(role-playing_games)" title="Adventure (role-playing games)">adventures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_online_games">In online games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamemaster&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: In online games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early <a href="/wiki/Virtual_world" title="Virtual world">virtual worlds</a>, gamemasters served as a <a href="/wiki/Forum_moderator" class="mw-redirect" title="Forum moderator">moderator</a> or <a href="/wiki/System_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="System administration">administrator</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Multi-User_Dungeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Multi-User Dungeon">MUD</a> game masters were called "<a href="/wiki/Wizard_(MUD)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wizard (MUD)">wizards</a>." Gamemastering in the form found in traditional role-playing games has also been used in semi-automatic virtual worlds. However, human moderation was sometimes considered unfair or out of context in an otherwise automated world.<sup id="cite_ref-bartle_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bartle-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As <a href="/wiki/Online_game" title="Online game">online games</a> expanded, gamemaster duties expanded to include being a <a href="/wiki/Customer_service_representative" title="Customer service representative">customer service representative</a> for an <a href="/wiki/Online_community" title="Online community">online community</a>. A gamemaster in such a game is either an experienced volunteer player or an employee of the game's publisher. They enforce the game's rules by banishing spammers, <a href="/wiki/Player_versus_player#Player_Killing" title="Player versus player">player killers</a>, cheaters, and <a href="/wiki/Hacker_(computer_security)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hacker (computer security)">hackers</a> and by solving players' problems by providing general customer service. For their tasks they use special tools and characters that allow them to do things like teleport to players, summon items, and browse logs that record players' activities.<sup id="cite_ref-wowwiki_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wowwiki-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/World_of_Warcraft" title="World of Warcraft">World of Warcraft</a></i> has employees of <a href="/wiki/Blizzard_Entertainment" title="Blizzard Entertainment">Blizzard Entertainment</a> that serve as gamemasters to help users with various problems in gameplay, chat, and other things like account and billing issues. A gamemaster in this game will communicate with players through chat that has blue text and they will also have a special "GM" tag and Blizzard logo in front of their names.<sup id="cite_ref-wowwiki_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wowwiki-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/RuneScape" title="RuneScape">RuneScape</a></i> has more than 500 moderators employed by <a href="/wiki/Jagex" title="Jagex">Jagex</a> to assist players and perform administrative duties in-game and on the site forums. These <i>Jagex Moderators</i>, as they are called, usually have the word "Mod" and a gold crown preceding their account names which ordinary players are not permitted to use. The game also has <i>Player Moderators</i> and <i>Forum Moderators</i> who are player volunteers helping with moderation, having the ability to mute (block from chatting) other players who violate rules.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <i><a href="/wiki/Helldivers_2" title="Helldivers 2">Helldivers 2</a></i>, a <a href="/wiki/Third-person_shooter" title="Third-person shooter">third-person shooter</a> by <a href="/wiki/Arrowhead_Game_Studios" title="Arrowhead Game Studios">Arrowhead Game Studios</a>, a single employee named Joel Hakalax functions as a game master for the game's colossal playerbase. The game features many real-time events where territory is gained or lost purportedly by the players' performance, which are determined at the discretion of the game master.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Additional_online_games">Additional online games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamemaster&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Additional online games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gamemaster" title="Special:EditPage/Gamemaster">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The now defunct <i><a href="/wiki/America_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="America Online">America Online</a></i> Online Gaming Forum used to use volunteers selected by applications from its user base. These people were simply referred to as OGFs by other members, and their screennames were indicative of their position (i.e., OGF Moose, etc.). While membership in the Online Gaming Forum had only one real requirement (that is, be a member of AOL), OGFs were given powers quite similar to AOL "Guides" and could use them at will to discipline users as they saw appropriate. <i><a href="/wiki/Battleground_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Battleground Europe">Battleground Europe</a></i>, a medium-sized <a href="/wiki/MMOFPS" class="mw-redirect" title="MMOFPS">MMOFPS</a>, has a team of <i>Game Moderators</i>, anonymous volunteers who moderate the game. <i><a href="/wiki/Miniconomy" title="Miniconomy">Miniconomy</a></i>, a smaller text-based <a href="/wiki/Massively_multiplayer_online_game" title="Massively multiplayer online game">MMO</a>, has a team of <i>Federals</i>, experienced players that help moderate the game and interactions. <i><a href="/wiki/Transformice" title="Transformice">Transformice</a></i>, an online multiplayer platformer, has a team of volunteer moderators called <i>Mods</i> who are experienced players that help moderate the game and interactions. <i><a href="/wiki/ARMA_3" class="mw-redirect" title="ARMA 3">ARMA 3</a></i>, an open-world military tactical shooter, has a <i>Zeus</i> role that allows any player slotted in that role to place down almost any asset in the game including infantry and vehicles, objectives, intelligence, and score-keeping modules. The Zeus can also modify aspects of the world itself including time, weather, and wildlife to create dynamically progressing stories. <i><a href="/wiki/Neverwinter_Nights_(2002_video_game)" title="Neverwinter Nights (2002 video game)">Neverwinter Nights</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Vampire:_The_Masquerade_%E2%80%93_Redemption" title="Vampire: The Masquerade – Redemption">Vampire: The Masquerade – Redemption</a></i> are <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a> adaptations of <a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_game" title="Tabletop role-playing game">tabletop role-playing games</a> that are played online with one player acting as a traditional gamemaster. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_pervasive_games">In pervasive games</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamemaster&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In pervasive games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gamemastering, sometimes referred to as Orchestration<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is used in <a href="/wiki/Pervasive_game" title="Pervasive game">pervasive games</a> to guide players along a trajectory<sup id="cite_ref-Benford2009-Trajectory_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benford2009-Trajectory-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> desired by the game author.<sup id="cite_ref-Ali_Shan_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ali_Shan-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To ensure proper gamemastering can take place, four components are needed: some kind of sensory system to the game allowing the game masters to know current events, providing dynamic game information; dynamic and static game information lets game masters make informed decisions; decisions need to be actuated into the game, either through the game system or through manual intervention; and finally a communication structure is needed for both <a href="/wiki/Diegesis" title="Diegesis">diegetic</a> or non-diegetic communication.<sup id="cite_ref-nevelsteen2015-pervasivemoo_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nevelsteen2015-pervasivemoo-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Effective gamemastering can require specialized user interfaces that are highly game specific.<sup id="cite_ref-Jonsson2007_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jonsson2007-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gamemaster_simulation">Gamemaster simulation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamemaster&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gamemaster simulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Certain sourcebooks simulate the decisions of a gamemaster by various means for either group or solo gaming. These include works such as Mythic Game Master Emulator, which employs an oracle system to allow players to play <a href="/wiki/Tabletop_role-playing_game" title="Tabletop role-playing game">TTRPGs</a> without a gamemaster.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamemaster&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dungeon_Master" title="Dungeon Master">Dungeon Master</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamemaster&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRosenbergDupuisHoule2005" class="citation book cs1">Rosenberg, Aaron; Dupuis, Ann; Houle, Melissa (2005). <i>The Deryni NextAdventure Game</i>. Grey Ghost Press, Inc. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-887154-09-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-887154-09-3"><bdi>978-1-887154-09-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Deryni+NextAdventure+Game&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Grey+Ghost+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-887154-09-3&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.au=Dupuis%2C+Ann&rft.au=Houle%2C+Melissa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamemaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPorter1988" class="citation book cs1">Porter, Greg (June 1988). <i>SpaceTime</i>. 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Springer International Publishing. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-319-17632-1">10.1007/978-3-319-17632-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-17631-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-17631-4"><bdi>978-3-319-17631-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19479793">19479793</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Survey+of+Characteristic+Engine+Features+for+Technology-Sustained+Pervasive+Games&rft.series=SpringerBriefs+in+Computer+Science&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19479793%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-3-319-17632-1&rft.isbn=978-3-319-17631-4&rft.aulast=Nevelsteen&rft.aufirst=Kim+JL&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furn.kb.se%2Fresolve%3Furn%3Durn%3Anbn%3Ase%3Asu%3Adiva-117147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamemaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jonsson2007-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jonsson2007_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJonssonWaernMontolaStenros2007" class="citation journal cs1">Jonsson, Staffan; Waern, Annika; Montola, Markus; Stenros, Jaakko (2007). "Game mastering a pervasive larp. Experiences from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Momentum_(game)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Momentum (game) (page does not exist)">momentum</a>". <i>Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+SIGCHI+Conference+on+Human+Factors+in+Computing+Systems&rft.atitle=Game+mastering+a+pervasive+larp.+Experiences+from+momentum&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Jonsson&rft.aufirst=Staffan&rft.au=Waern%2C+Annika&rft.au=Montola%2C+Markus&rft.au=Stenros%2C+Jaakko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamemaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTeam2023" class="citation web cs1">Team, Maddie Cullen Video (January 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dicebreaker.com/categories/roleplaying-game/how-to/how-to-play-rpg-without-gm">"5 ways to play RPGs without a GM"</a>. <i>Dicebreaker</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dicebreaker&rft.atitle=5+ways+to+play+RPGs+without+a+GM&rft.date=2023-01-06&rft.aulast=Team&rft.aufirst=Maddie+Cullen+Video&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dicebreaker.com%2Fcategories%2Froleplaying-game%2Fhow-to%2Fhow-to-play-rpg-without-gm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamemaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarter2020" class="citation web cs1">Carter, Chase (July 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dicebreaker.com/categories/roleplaying-game/how-to/how-to-play-tabletop-rpgs-by-yourself">"How to play tabletop RPGs by yourself: A beginner's guide to solo roleplaying"</a>. <i>Dicebreaker</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 6,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dicebreaker&rft.atitle=How+to+play+tabletop+RPGs+by+yourself%3A+A+beginner%27s+guide+to+solo+roleplaying&rft.date=2020-07-27&rft.aulast=Carter&rft.aufirst=Chase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dicebreaker.com%2Fcategories%2Froleplaying-game%2Fhow-to%2Fhow-to-play-tabletop-rpgs-by-yourself&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamemaster" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamemaster&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051112155728/http://wizards.com/default.asp?x=dnd/whatisdnd">"What Is D&D?"</a>. 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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>24 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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