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<li id="toc-Contemporaneous_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporaneous_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Contemporaneous sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporaneous_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Historical sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Family-sublist" class="cdx-button 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reign"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Reign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Duration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Duration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Duration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Duration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Activities_in_Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activities_in_Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Activities in Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activities_in_Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Administration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modification_of_the_royal_titulary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modification_of_the_royal_titulary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Modification of the royal titulary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modification_of_the_royal_titulary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Trade_and_military_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Trade_and_military_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Trade and military activities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Trade_and_military_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Personality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Building_activities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Building_activities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Building activities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Building_activities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Building activities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Building_activities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pyramid_complex" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pyramid_complex"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pyramid complex</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pyramid_complex-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pyramid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pyramid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Pyramid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pyramid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mortuary_temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mortuary_temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Mortuary temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mortuary_temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sun_temple" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sun_temple"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sun temple</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sun_temple-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sun_temple_of_Userkaf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sun_temple_of_Userkaf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Sun temple of Userkaf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sun_temple_of_Userkaf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Funerary_cult" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funerary_cult"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Funerary cult</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funerary_cult-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes,_references_and_sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes,_references_and_sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes, references and sources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes,_references_and_sources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes, references and sources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes,_references_and_sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Neferirkare Kakai</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Neferirkare" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9" title="نفر إر كارع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نفر إر كارع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nefererkare" title="Nefererkare – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nefererkare" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neferirkare" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Neferirkare" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkara" title="Neferirkara – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Neferirkara" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkara" title="Neferirkara – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Neferirkara" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="نفریرکارع کاکای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نفریرکارع کاکای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9ferirkar%C3%AA_Kaka%C3%AF" title="Néferirkarê Kakaï – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Néferirkarê Kakaï" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%ED%8E%98%EB%A6%AC%EB%A5%B4%EC%B9%B4%EB%A0%88_%EC%B9%B4%EC%B9%B4%EC%9D%B4" title="네페리르카레 카카이 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네페리르카레 카카이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%A5%D6%86%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AB" title="Նեֆերիրկարա Կակաի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նեֆերիրկարա Կակաի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkara_Kakai" title="Neferirkara Kakai – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Neferirkara Kakai" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Neferirkare Kakai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkara_Kakai" title="Neferirkara Kakai – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Neferirkara Kakai" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%98" title="ნეფერირკარა კაკაი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნეფერირკარა კაკაი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkar%C4%97" title="Neferirkarė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Neferirkarė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noferirkar%C3%A9" title="Noferirkaré – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Noferirkaré" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Нефериркаре Какаи – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нефериркаре Какаи" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%89" title="نفر ار كارع كاكاى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نفر ار كارع كاكاى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Neferirkare Kakai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Neferirkare" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%AB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC" title="ネフェリルカラー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネフェリルカラー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkara-Kakai" title="Neferirkara-Kakai – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Neferirkara-Kakai" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare_I" title="Neferirkare I – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Neferirkare I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferircar%C3%A9" title="Neferircaré – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Neferircaré" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Neferirkare Kakai" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B8" title="Нефериркара Какаи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нефериркара Какаи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Neferirkare Kakai" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Neferirkare Kakai" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Neferirkare Kakai" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkara" title="Neferirkara – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Neferirkara" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Neferirkare Kakai" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%88" title="நெபெரிர்கரே ககை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நெபெரிர்கரே ககை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3_%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4" title="ฟาโรห์เนเฟอร์อิร์คาเร คาคาอิ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟาโรห์เนเฟอร์อิร์คาเร คาคาอิ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_I" title="Неферірікара I – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Неферірікара I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="نفریرکارع کاکای – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نفریرکارع کاکای" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Egyptian pharaoh</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the lesser known pharaoh of the <a href="/wiki/8th_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="8th Dynasty">8th Dynasty</a>, see <a href="/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare">Neferirkare</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87;font-size:125%;">Neferirkare Kakai</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname">Neferirkara, Neferarkare, Nefercherês</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Neferirkare_Kakai_2.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Neferirkare Kakai, originally depicted as prince Ranefer, on a relief from the mortuary complex of his father Sahure. His royal title and regalia were added later during his own reign.[1][2]"><img alt="Drawing of a damaged relief showing the profile of a man standing, wearing the royal nemes, his name written in hieroglyphs next to him." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Neferirkare_Kakai_2.png" decoding="async" width="152" height="311" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="152" data-file-height="311" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Neferirkare Kakai, originally depicted as prince Ranefer, on a relief from the mortuary complex of his father Sahure. His royal title and regalia were added later during his own reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorchardt1910plates_33_and_34_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorchardt1910plates_33_and_34-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999337_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999337-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_chronology" title="Egyptian chronology">Reign</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Around 17 years, c. 2477 – c. 2460 BC<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a> (most likely) or <a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsible-leftside-toggle mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;margin:0;border:0;padding:0;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Royal titulary</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:2px solid #decd87;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary#Horus_name" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Horus name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Userkhau <br /><i>Wsr ḫˁ.w</i><br /><i>Strong of appearances</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:10px;"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:4px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G5.png?bcb90" height="38" title="G5" alt="G5" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td height="48px" width="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr><tr> <td height="46" style="padding:0 5px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F12.png?0fd6a" height="38" title="F12" alt="F12" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N28.png?3f65d" height="15" title="N28" alt="N28" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G43.png?6eb40" height="38" title="G43" alt="G43" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/50px-Srxtail2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/75px-Srxtail2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/100px-Srxtail2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary#Nebty_("two_ladies")_name" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Nebty name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Khaemnebty <br /><i>Ḫˁ m nbty</i><br /><i>Who has appeared [by means of] the <a href="/wiki/Two_Ladies" title="Two Ladies">Two Ladies</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G16.png?dbf15" height="38" title="G16" alt="G16" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N28.png?3f65d" height="15" title="N28" alt="N28" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G17.png?3741e" height="38" title="G17" alt="G17" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br />Userkhau <br /><i>Wsr ḫˁ.w</i><br /><i>Strong of appearances [by means of] the Two Ladies</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G16.png?dbf15" height="38" title="G16" alt="G16" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F12.png?0fd6a" height="38" title="F12" alt="F12" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N28.png?3f65d" height="15" title="N28" alt="N28" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G43.png?6eb40" height="38" title="G43" alt="G43" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary#Horus_of_Gold" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Golden Horus</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Sekhemunebu <br /><i>Sḫm.w nb-w</i><br /><i>The triple power</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>The three powers</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339footnote_52_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339footnote_52-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S42.png?5bfe7" height="26" title="S42" alt="S42" /> <img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S42.png?5bfe7" height="26" title="S42" alt="S42" /> <img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S42.png?5bfe7" height="26" title="S42" alt="S42" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S12.png?46f50" height="13" title="S12" alt="S12" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary#Throne_name_(praenomen)" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Prenomen  (Praenomen)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Neferirkare<br /><i>Nfr-jr(.w)-k3-Rˁ</i><br /><i>The perfect one is the one whom the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_concept_of_the_soul#Ka_(vital_spark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul">Ka</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a> has engendered</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339_19-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><i>Beautiful is the Soul of Ra</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199461_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199461-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="{{{align}}}" style="padding:5px;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M23.png?e2674" height="38" title="M23" alt="M23" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_L2.png?ff0ae" height="38" title="L2" alt="L2" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:5px;"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/17px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/26px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/34px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr><tr> <td height="45" style="padding:0;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5" alt="N5" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D21.png?9bfb9" height="11" title="D21 [r]" alt="r" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D4.png?e1f5d" height="12" title="D4" alt="D4" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F35.png?9f378" height="38" title="F35" alt="F35" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D28.png?cf7bf" height="24" title="D28" alt="D28" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/21px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/32px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/42px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Nomen</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Kakai <br /><i>k3 k3.j</i><br />Uncertain translation: may be a short form<br /> of his throne name<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201338_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201338-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheele-Schweitzer200791–94_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheele-Schweitzer200791–94-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>or a birth name meaning<br /><i>My Ka is a true Ka</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339_19-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="{{{align}}}" style="padding:5px;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G39.png?eb053" height="38" title="G39" alt="G39" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5" alt="N5" /><br /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:5px;"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/17px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/26px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/34px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr><tr> <td height="45" style="padding:0;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D28.png?cf7bf" height="24" title="D28 [kA]" alt="kA" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D28.png?cf7bf" height="24" title="D28 [kA]" alt="kA" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/21px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/32px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/42px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_II" title="Khentkaus II">Khentkaus II</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a><small> ♂</small>, <a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a><small> ♂</small>, Iryenre<small> ♂</small>, <a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_III" title="Khentkaus III">Khentkaus III</a><small> ♀</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Meretnebty" title="Meretnebty">Meretnebty</a> (also known as Neferetnebty)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 2460 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Neferirkare" title="Pyramid of Neferirkare">Pyramid of Neferirkare</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Monuments</th><td class="infobox-data">Pyramid <i>Ba-Neferirkare</i><br /><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_sun_temple" title="Egyptian sun temple">Sun temple</a> <i>Setibre</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Dynasty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Fifth dynasty of Egypt">5th Dynasty</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Neferirkare Kakai</b> (known in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> as Nefercherês, Νεφερχέρης; died <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 2460 BC) was an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian">ancient Egyptian</a> <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a>, the third king of the <a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifth Dynasty</a>. Neferirkare, the eldest son of <a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a> with his consort <a href="/wiki/Meretnebty" title="Meretnebty">Meretnebty</a>, was known as <b>Ranefer A</b> before he came to the throne. He acceded the day after his father's death and reigned for around 17 years, sometime in the early to mid-25th century BCE. He was himself very likely succeeded by his eldest son, born of his queen <a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_II" title="Khentkaus II">Khentkaus II</a>, the prince Ranefer B who would take the throne as king <a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a>. Neferirkare fathered another pharaoh, <a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a>, who took the throne after Neferefre's short reign and the brief rule of the poorly known <a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a>. </p><p>Neferirkare was acknowledged by his contemporaries as a kind and benevolent ruler, intervening in favour of his <a href="/wiki/Courtier" title="Courtier">courtiers</a> after a mishap. His rule witnessed a growth in the number of administration and priesthood officials, who used their expanded wealth to build architecturally more sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Mastabas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastabas">mastabas</a>, where they recorded their biographies for the first time. Neferirkare was the last pharaoh to significantly modify the standard <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">royal titulary</a>, separating the <a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Ancient_Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Ancient Egypt)">nomen</a> or birth name, from the <a href="/wiki/Prenomen_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)">prenomen</a> or throne name. From his reign onwards, the former was written in a cartouche preceded by the "Son of Ra" epithet. His rule witnessed continuing trade relations with <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a> to the south and possibly with <a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levantine coast</a> to the north. </p><p>Neferirkare started <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Neferirkare" title="Pyramid of Neferirkare">a pyramid for himself</a> in the royal necropolis of <a href="/wiki/Abusir" title="Abusir">Abusir</a>, called <i>Ba-Neferirkare</i> meaning "Neferirkare is a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_concept_of_the_soul#Bâ_(personality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul">Ba</a>". It was initially planned to be a <a href="/wiki/Step_pyramid" title="Step pyramid">step pyramid</a>, a form which had not been employed since the days of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">Third Dynasty</a> around 120 years earlier. This plan was modified to transform the monument into a true pyramid, the largest in Abusir, which was never completed owing to the death of the king. In addition, Neferirkare built a <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_sun_temple" title="Egyptian sun temple">temple</a> to the sun god <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a> called <i>Setibre</i>, that is "Site of the heart of Ra". <a href="/wiki/Abusir_Papyri" title="Abusir Papyri">Ancient sources</a> state that it was the largest one built during the Fifth Dynasty but as of the early 21st century it has not yet been located. </p><p>After his death, Neferirkare benefited from a <a href="/wiki/Funerary_cult" title="Funerary cult">funerary cult</a> taking place in his mortuary temple, which had been completed by his son Nyuserre Ini. This cult seems to have disappeared at the end of the Old Kingdom period, although it might have been revived during the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a>, albeit in a very limited form. In all probability, it was also around this time that the story of the <a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Westcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Papyrus Westcar">Papyrus Westcar</a> was first written, a tale where <a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a>, Sahure and Neferirkare are said to be brothers, the sons of Ra with a woman <a href="/wiki/Rededjet" title="Rededjet">Rededjet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abydos_KL_05-03_n28.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Three hieroglyphs in a cartouche." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Abydos_KL_05-03_n28.jpg/170px-Abydos_KL_05-03_n28.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Abydos_KL_05-03_n28.jpg/255px-Abydos_KL_05-03_n28.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Abydos_KL_05-03_n28.jpg/340px-Abydos_KL_05-03_n28.jpg 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="514" /></a><figcaption>Neferirkare's nomen "Kakai" on the Abydos king list</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporaneous_sources">Contemporaneous sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contemporaneous sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neferirkare is well attested in sources contemporaneous with his reign. Beyond his pyramid complex, he is mentioned in the tomb of many of his contemporaries such as his vizier <a href="/wiki/Washptah" title="Washptah">Washptah</a>, the courtier Rawer<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999396_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999396-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the priest <a href="/wiki/Akhethetep_(son_of_Ptahhotep)" title="Akhethetep (son of Ptahhotep)">Akhethetep</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Rougé191881_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Rougé191881-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neferirkare also appears in the nearly contemporaneous <a href="/wiki/Giza_writing_board" title="Giza writing board">Giza writing board</a>, a short list grouping six kings from different dynasties dating to the later Fifth or early <a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixth Dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelck1987117_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelck1987117-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The writing board was uncovered in the tomb of a high official named Mesdjerw, who may have composed it for his use in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion#Afterlife" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">afterlife</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski198729–52_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski198729–52-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_sources">Historical sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historical sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neferirkare is attested in two ancient Egyptian king lists, both dating to the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a>. The earliest of these is the <a href="/wiki/Abydos_King_List" title="Abydos King List">Abydos King List</a> written during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a> (fl. 1290–1279 BCE). There, Neferirkare's <a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Ancient_Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Ancient Egypt)">nomen</a> "Kakai" occupies the 28th entry, in between those of Sahure and Neferefre. During the subsequent reign of <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a> (fl. 1279–1213 BCE), Neferirkare's <a href="/wiki/Prenomen_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)">prenomen</a> was recorded on the 27th entry of the <a href="/wiki/Saqqara_Tablet" title="Saqqara Tablet">Saqqara Tablet</a>, but this time as a successor of Sahure and predecessor of Shepseskare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMariette18644plate_17_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMariette18644plate_17-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neferirkare was also given an entry in the <a href="/wiki/Turin_King_List" title="Turin King List">Turin canon</a>, a document dating to the reign of Ramesses II as well. Neferirkare's entry is commonly believed to be in the third column-19th row; unfortunately this line has been lost in a large lacuna affecting the papyrus, and neither his reign length nor his successor can be ascertained from the surviving fragments. The Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Verner" title="Miroslav Verner">Miroslav Verner</a> has furthermore proposed that the Turin canon makes a new dynasty start with this entry and thus that Neferirkare would be its founder.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a395_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a395-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The division of the Turin canon list of kings into dynasties is a currently debated topic. The Egyptologist Jaromír Málek, for example, sees the divisions between groups of kings occurring in the canon as marking transfers of royal residence rather than the rise and fall of royal dynasties, as this term is currently understood. That usage only began in the Egyptian context with the 3rd-century BCE work of the priest <a href="/wiki/Manetho" title="Manetho">Manetho</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMálek200484,_103–104_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMálek200484,_103–104-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, the Egyptologist Stephan Seidlmeyer, considers the break in the Turin Canon at the end of the Eighth Dynasty to represent the relocation of the royal residence from Memphis to Herakleopolis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeidlmeyer2004108_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeidlmeyer2004108-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Egyptologist John Baines holds views that are closer to Verner's, believing that the canon was divided into dynasties, with totals for the time elapsed given at the end of each, though only a few such divisions have survived.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaines2007198_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaines2007198-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, Professor John Van Seters views the breaks in the canon as divisions between dynasties, but in contrast, states that the criterion for these divisions remains unknown. He speculates that the pattern of dynasties may have been taken from the nine divine kings of the <a href="/wiki/Ennead" title="Ennead">Greater and Lesser Enneads</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeters1997135–136_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeters1997135–136-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Ian_Shaw_(Egyptologist)" title="Ian Shaw (Egyptologist)">Ian Shaw</a> believes that the Turin Canon gives some credibility to Manetho's division of dynasties, but considers the king lists to be a form of ancestor worship and not a historical record.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw20047–8_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw20047–8-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This whole problem could be mooted by another of Verner's speculations, where he proposes that Neferirkare's entry may have been located on the 20th line rather than the 19th, as is usually believed. This would credit Neferirkare with a seven-year reign,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a395_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a395-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and would make Sahure the dynasty founder, according to the hypothesis that the canon records such events. Archaeological evidence has established that the transitions from Userkaf to Sahure and from Sahure to Neferirkare were father–son transitions, so that neither Sahure nor Neferirkare can be dynasty founders in the modern sense of the term.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006208–213_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006208–213-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006192–198_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006192–198-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neferirkare was mentioned in the <i><a href="/wiki/Aegyptiaca" class="mw-redirect" title="Aegyptiaca">Aegyptiaca</a></i>, a history of Egypt written in the 3rd century BCE during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy II">Ptolemy II</a> (283–246 BCE) by Manetho. No copies of the Aegyptiaca have survived to this day and it is now known only through later writings by <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Julius_Africanus" title="Sextus Julius Africanus">Sextus Julius Africanus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eusebius" title="Eusebius">Eusebius</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/George_Syncellus" title="George Syncellus">George Syncellus</a> reports that Africanus relates that the <i>Aegyptiaca</i> mentioned the succession "Sephrês → Nefercherês → Sisirês" for the early Fifth Dynasty. Sephrês, Nefercherês and Sisirês are believed to be the <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">hellenized</a> forms for Sahure, Neferirkare and Shepseskare, respectively. Thus, Manetho's reconstruction of the Fifth Dynasty is in agreement with the Saqqara tablet.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Africanus' <a href="/wiki/Epitome" title="Epitome">epitome</a> of the <i>Aegyptiaca</i>, Nefercherês is reported to have reigned for 20 years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaddell197151_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaddell197151-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parents_and_siblings">Parents and siblings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Parents and siblings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PapyrusWestcar_photomerge-AltesMuseum-Berlin-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large papyrus full of cursive inscriptions in black and occasional red ink, riddled with small holes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PapyrusWestcar_photomerge-AltesMuseum-Berlin-5.jpg/330px-PapyrusWestcar_photomerge-AltesMuseum-Berlin-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PapyrusWestcar_photomerge-AltesMuseum-Berlin-5.jpg/495px-PapyrusWestcar_photomerge-AltesMuseum-Berlin-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/PapyrusWestcar_photomerge-AltesMuseum-Berlin-5.jpg/660px-PapyrusWestcar_photomerge-AltesMuseum-Berlin-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3579" data-file-height="1386" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Westcar_Papyrus" title="Westcar Papyrus">Westcar Papyrus</a>, on display in the <a href="/wiki/%C3%84gyptisches_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Ägyptisches Museum">Ägyptisches Museum</a>, dates to the <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">17th Dynasty</a> but its story was probably first written during the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">12th Dynasty</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkardThissenQuack2003178_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkardThissenQuack2003178-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Until 2005, the identity of Neferirkare's parents was uncertain. Some <a href="/wiki/Egyptology" title="Egyptology">Egyptologists</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Grimal" title="Nicolas Grimal">Nicolas Grimal</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_C._Hayes" title="William C. Hayes">William C. Hayes</a>, Hartwig Altenmüller, Aidan Dodson and Dyan Hilton, viewed him as a son of <a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_I" title="Khentkaus I">Khentkaus I</a>, and a brother to his predecessor Sahure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197866_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes197866-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200464_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200464-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal199268,_72,_74_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal199268,_72,_74-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica2017_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica2017-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main impetus behind this theory was the <a href="/wiki/Westcar_Papyrus" title="Westcar Papyrus">Westcar Papyrus</a>, an Ancient Egyptian story narrating the rise of the Fifth Dynasty. In it, a magician prophesizes to <a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a> that the future demise of his lineage will be in the form of three brothers – the first three kings of the Fifth Dynasty, born of the god <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a> and a woman named <a href="/wiki/Rededjet" title="Rededjet">Rededjet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELichteim2000215–220_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELichteim2000215–220-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egyptologists such as Verner have sought to discern a historical truth in this account, proposing that Sahure and Neferirkare were siblings born of queen <a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_I" title="Khentkaus I">Khentkaus I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999173_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999173-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, excavations of the causeway leading up to Sahure's pyramid yielded new relief fragments which showed indisputably that pharaoh Sahure and his consort, queen Meretnebty, were Neferirkare's parents. Indeed, these reliefs—discovered by Verner and Tarek El Awady—depict Sahure and Meretnebty together with their two sons, Ranefer and Netjerirenre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006208–213_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006208–213-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While both sons are given the title of "king's eldest son", possibly indicating that they were twins,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBárta20176_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBárta20176-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ranefer is shown closer to Sahure and also given the title of "chief lector-priest", which may reflect that he was born first and thus given higher positions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2007_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2007-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since Ranefer is known to have been the name of Neferirkare before he took the throne, as indicated by reliefs from the mortuary temple of Sahure (see below), no doubt remains as to Neferirkare's <a href="/wiki/Filiation" title="Filiation">filiation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006208–213_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006208–213-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nothing more is known about Netjerirenre, an observation which has led Verner and El-Awady to speculate that he could have attempted to seize the throne upon the unexpected death of Neferirkare's son and successor Neferefre, who died in his early twenties after two years on the throne. In this conjectural hypothesis, he would be the ephemeral <a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006213–214_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006213–214-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2007_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2007-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, the same relief, as well as an additional one, record a further four sons of Sahure – Khakare,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaud1999b535_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaud1999b535-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Horemsaf,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaud1999b521_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaud1999b521-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raemsaf and Nebankhre. The identity of their mother(s) is unknown,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200462–69_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200462–69-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so they are, at minimum, half-brothers to Neferirkare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006191–218_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006191–218-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable centered" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2" align="center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Borchardt_Sahure_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Borchardt_Sahure_17.jpg/160px-Borchardt_Sahure_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Borchardt_Sahure_17.jpg/240px-Borchardt_Sahure_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Borchardt_Sahure_17.jpg/320px-Borchardt_Sahure_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="2040" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Borchardt_Sahure_32.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Borchardt_Sahure_32.jpg/177px-Borchardt_Sahure_32.jpg" decoding="async" width="177" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Borchardt_Sahure_32.jpg/266px-Borchardt_Sahure_32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Borchardt_Sahure_32.jpg/355px-Borchardt_Sahure_32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1516" data-file-height="1112" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Borchardt_Sahure_33.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Borchardt_Sahure_33.jpg/116px-Borchardt_Sahure_33.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Borchardt_Sahure_33.jpg/174px-Borchardt_Sahure_33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Borchardt_Sahure_33.jpg/232px-Borchardt_Sahure_33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1476" data-file-height="1652" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Borchardt_Sahure_34.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Borchardt_Sahure_34.jpg/119px-Borchardt_Sahure_34.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Borchardt_Sahure_34.jpg/179px-Borchardt_Sahure_34.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Borchardt_Sahure_34.jpg/238px-Borchardt_Sahure_34.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1392" data-file-height="1520" /></a></span> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Borchardt_Sahure_47.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Borchardt_Sahure_47.jpg/140px-Borchardt_Sahure_47.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Borchardt_Sahure_47.jpg/210px-Borchardt_Sahure_47.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Borchardt_Sahure_47.jpg/280px-Borchardt_Sahure_47.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1428" data-file-height="1324" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><small>Fragments of reliefs from the mortuary temple of Sahure showing Neferirkare as a prince.<br />The reliefs were altered during the latter's reign with the addition of royal titles and regalia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorchardt1913Plate_17_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorchardt1913Plate_17-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200466_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200466-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consort_and_children">Consort and children</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Consort and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of the early 21st century, the only known queen of Neferirkare is <a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_II" title="Khentkaus II">Khentkaus II</a>. This is due to the position of her pyramid next to that of Neferirkare as was normal for the consort of a king, as well as her title of "king's wife" and several reliefs representing both of them together.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008145_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008145-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neferirkare could possibly have had at least one other spouse, as suggested by the presence of a small pyramid next to that of Khentkaus, but this remains conjectural.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200466_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200466-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neferefre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bust and head of a pharaoh holding a flail." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Neferefre.jpg/170px-Neferefre.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Neferefre.jpg/255px-Neferefre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Neferefre.jpg/340px-Neferefre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Statue of Neferefre, Neferirkare's eldest son, discovered in his mortuary temple by <a href="/wiki/Paule_Posener-Kri%C3%A9ger" title="Paule Posener-Kriéger">Paule Posener-Kriéger</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner1985a282_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner1985a282-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Neferirkare and his consort Khentkaus II were, in all likelihood, the parents of prince Ranefer B, the future king <a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001b589_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001b589-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner1985a282_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner1985a282-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001599_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001599-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice199997_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice199997-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This relationship is confirmed by a relief on a limestone slab discovered in a house in the village near Abusir<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina1994135_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina1994135-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> depicting Neferirkare and his wife Khentkaus with "the king's eldest son Ranefer",<sup id="cite_ref-Ranefer_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ranefer-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosener-Kriéger1976vol._II,_p._530_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosener-Kriéger1976vol._II,_p._530-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a name identical with some variants of Neferefre's own.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner1980b261_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner1980b261-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This indicates that, just as for Neferirkare, Ranefer was Neferefre's name when he was still only a <a href="/wiki/Crown_prince" title="Crown prince">crown prince</a>, that is, before his accession to the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner1985a281–284_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner1985a281–284-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Neferirkare and Khentkaus II had at least one other child together, the future pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice199997_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice199997-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaud1999a335_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaud1999a335-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, Neferirkare's consort Khentkaus II is known to have been Nyuserre's mother, since excavations of her mortuary temple yielded a fragmentary relief showing her facing Nyuserre and his family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner1980a161fig._5_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner1980a161fig._5-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaud1999a234_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaud1999a234-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina1994126_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina1994126-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Remarkably, on this relief both Khentkaus and Nyuserre appear on the same scale,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaud1999a234_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaud1999a234-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an observation which may be connected with Khentkaus' enhanced status during Nyuserre's reign, as he sought to legitimise his rule following the premature death of Neferefre and the possible challenge by Shepseskare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoth2001317_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoth2001317-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENolan20124–5_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENolan20124–5-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further evidence for the filiation of Nyuserre are the location of his pyramid next to that of Neferirkare, as well as his reuse for his own valley temple of materials from Neferikare's unfinished constructions.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal199277–78_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal199277–78-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Yet another son of Neferirkare and Khentkhaus has been proposed,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchmitz197629_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchmitz197629-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> probably younger<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerPosener-KriégerJánosi1995171_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerPosener-KriégerJánosi1995171-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> than both Neferefre and Nyuserre: Iryenre, a prince <i><a href="/wiki/Iry-pat" title="Iry-pat">iry-pat</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose relationship is suggested by the fact that his <a href="/wiki/Funerary_cult" title="Funerary cult">funerary cult</a> was associated with that of his mother, both having taken place in the temple of Khentkaus II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaud1999b418see_n._24_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaud1999b418see_n._24-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerPosener-KriégerJánosi199570_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerPosener-KriégerJánosi199570-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, Neferirkare and Khentkaus II may also be the parents of queen <a href="/wiki/Khentkaus_III" title="Khentkaus III">Khentkaus III</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrejčíKytnarováOdler201535_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrejčíKytnarováOdler201535-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose tomb was discovered in Abusir in 2015. Indeed, based on the location and general date for her tomb, as well as her titles of "king's wife" and "king's mother", Khentkaus III was almost certainly Neferefre's consort<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrejčíKytnarováOdler201534_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrejčíKytnarováOdler201534-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the mother of either <a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a> or <a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrejčíKytnarováOdler201535_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrejčíKytnarováOdler201535-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Duration">Duration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Duration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Manetho's <i>Aegyptiaca</i> assigns Neferirkare a reign of 20 years, but the archaeological evidence now suggests that this is an overestimate. First, the damaged <a href="/wiki/Palermo_Stone" title="Palermo Stone">Palermo Stone</a> preserves <i>the year of the 5th <a href="/wiki/Cattle_count" title="Cattle count">cattle count</a></i> for Neferirkare's time on the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a393_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a393-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cattle count was an important event aimed at evaluating the amount of taxes to be levied on the population. By the reign of Neferirkare, this involved counting cattle, oxen and small livestock.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKatary2001352_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKatary2001352-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This event is believed to have been biennial during the Old Kingdom period, that is occurring once every two years, meaning that Neferirkare reigned at least ten years. Given the shape of the Palermo stone, this record must correspond to his final year or be close to it,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaressy1912176_86-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaressy1912176-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so that he ruled no more than eleven years. This is further substantiated by two cursive inscriptions left by masons on stone blocks from the pyramids of Khentkaus II and Neferirkare, both of which also date to Neferirkare's fifth cattle count, its highest known regnal year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a393_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a393-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199476–77_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199476–77-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, Verner has pointed out that a 20-year-long reign would be difficult to reconcile with the unfinished state of his pyramid in Abusir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a394–395_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a394–395-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Activities_in_Egypt">Activities in Egypt</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Activities in Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berlin_122009_022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tall vase covered in blue faience and gold motifs." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Berlin_122009_022.jpg/170px-Berlin_122009_022.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Berlin_122009_022.jpg/255px-Berlin_122009_022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Berlin_122009_022.jpg/340px-Berlin_122009_022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="816" /></a><figcaption>Reconstruction of a ritual<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> vase made of <a href="/wiki/Sycamore" title="Sycamore">sycamore</a> wood with <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_faience" title="Egyptian faience">faience</a> and gold inlays showing Neferirkare's cartouche and found in his mortuary temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999345_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999345-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Now in the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Museum_of_Berlin" title="Egyptian Museum of Berlin">Egyptian Museum of Berlin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999345_89-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999345-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Beyond his construction of a pyramid and sun temple, little is known of Neferirkare's activities during his time on the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal199277_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal199277-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some events dating to his first and final years of reign are recorded on the surviving fragments of the Palermo stone,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200572–74_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200572–74-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2000179_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilkinson2000179-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001597_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001597-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a royal <a href="/wiki/Annals" title="Annals">annal</a> covering the period from the start of the reign of <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">First Dynasty</a> until around the time of Neferirkare's rule.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.19993_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.19993-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal199246_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal199246-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Palermo stone, the future pharaoh Neferirkare, then called prince Ranefer,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_the_pharaoh" title="Coronation of the pharaoh">ascended the throne</a> the day after his father Sahure's death, which occurred on the 28th day of <a href="/wiki/Season_of_the_Harvest" title="Season of the Harvest">the ninth month</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000590_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000590-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchäfer190238_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchäfer190238-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annal then records that in his first year as king, Neferirkare granted land to the agricultural estates serving the cults of the Ennead, the <a href="/wiki/Souls_of_Pe_and_Nekhen" title="Souls of Pe and Nekhen">Souls of Pe and Nekhen</a> and the gods of Keraha.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200573_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200573-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBárta20176_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBárta20176-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To Ra and <a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a>, he dedicated an offering table provided with 210 daily offerings, and ordered the construction of two store rooms and the employment of new dependents in the host temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200573_105-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200573-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neferirkare also commanded "the fashioning and <a href="/wiki/Opening_of_the_mouth_ceremony" title="Opening of the mouth ceremony">opening of the mouth</a> of an <a href="/wiki/Electrum" title="Electrum">electrum</a> statue of [the god] <a href="/wiki/Ihy" title="Ihy">Ihy</a>, escorting [it] to the <i>mrt</i>-chapel of <a href="/wiki/Snefru" title="Snefru">Snefru</a> of the <i>nht</i>-shrine of Hathor".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200192_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200192-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESethe1903247_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESethe1903247-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in his reign, in the year of the fifth cattle count, Neferirkare had a bronze statue of himself erected and set up four <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_solar_ships#Abusir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian solar ships">barques</a> for Ra and Horus in and around his sun temple, two of which were of copper. The Souls of Pe and Nekhen and <a href="/wiki/Wadjet" title="Wadjet">Wadjet</a> received electrum endowments, while <a href="/wiki/Ptah" title="Ptah">Ptah</a> was given lands.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200574_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200574-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fact that the <a href="/wiki/Palermo_stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Palermo stone">Palermo stone</a> terminates<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBárta20172_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBárta20172-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> around Neferirkare's rule led some scholars, such as Grimal, to propose that they might have been compiled during his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal199277_91-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal199277-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administration">Administration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Administration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Few specific administrative actions taken by Neferirkare are known. One decree of his inscribed on a limestone slab was excavated in 1903 in <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a> and is now in the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Museum_of_Fine_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Museum of Fine Arts">Boston Museum of Fine Arts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDecree_of_Neferirkare,_BMFA2017_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDecree_of_Neferirkare,_BMFA2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decree exempts personnel belonging to a temple of <a href="/wiki/Khenti-Amentiu" title="Khenti-Amentiu">Khenti-Amentiu</a> from undertaking compulsory labour in perpetuity, under penalty of forfeiture of all property and freedom and be forced to work the fields or in a stone quarry.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200598–101_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200598–101-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESethe1903170–172_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESethe1903170–172-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKatary2001352_85-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKatary2001352-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This decree indirectly suggests that taxation and compulsory labour was imposed on everybody as a general rule.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchneider2002173_111-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchneider2002173-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More generally, Neferirkare's reign saw the growth of the Egyptian administration and priesthood, which amassed more power than in earlier reigns, although the king remained a living god.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001b589_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001b589-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular the positions of viziers and overseer of the expedition, that is the highest offices, were opened to people from outside the royal family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001597_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001597-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In conjunction with this trend, the <a href="/wiki/Mastabas" class="mw-redirect" title="Mastabas">mastabas</a> of high officials started to become more elaborate, with, for example, chapels including multiple rooms,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.199934_112-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.199934-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200111_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200111-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and from the mid to late Fifth Dynasty, wide entrance porticoes with columns<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200112_114-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200112-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and family tomb complexes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200111_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200111-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also at this time that these officials started to record <a href="/wiki/Autobiographies" class="mw-redirect" title="Autobiographies">autobiographies</a> on the walls of their tombs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001599_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001599-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modification_of_the_royal_titulary">Modification of the royal titulary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Modification of the royal titulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reign of Neferirkare Kakai saw the last<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeeter1999495_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeeter1999495-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> important modification to the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">titulary of pharaohs</a>. He was the earliest pharaoh to separate the <i>nswt-bjtj</i> ("King of Upper and Lower Egypt") and <i>Z3-Rˁ</i> ("Son of Ra") epithets of the royal titulary. He associated these two epithets with two different, independent names: the <a href="/wiki/Prenomen_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)">prenomen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nomen_(Ancient_Egypt)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomen (Ancient Egypt)">nomen</a>, respectively. The prenomen or throne name, taken by the new king as he ascended the throne, was written in a cartouche immediately after the bee and sedge signs for <i>nswt-bjtj</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETeeter1999495_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETeeter1999495-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGardiner196150–51_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGardiner196150–51-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Neferirkare's time onwards,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal199289_117-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal199289-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the nomen, or birth name, was also written in a cartouche<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199462_118-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199462-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> systematically preceded by the glyphs for "Son of Ra", an epithet which had seen little use in preceding times.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197866_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes197866-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Trade_and_military_activities">Trade and military activities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Trade and military activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is little evidence for military action during Neferirkare's reign. <a href="/wiki/William_C._Hayes" title="William C. Hayes">William C. Hayes</a> proposed that a few fragmentary limestone statues of kneeling and bound prisoners of war discovered in his mortuary temple<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith194958_119-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith194958-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes1978115_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes1978115-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> possibly attest to punitive raids in Libya to the west or the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a> to the east during his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197866_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes197866-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The art historian William Stevenson Smith commented that such statues were customary<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith194958_119-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith194958-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> elements of the decoration of royal temples and mastabas, suggesting that they may not be immediately related to actual military campaigns. Similar statues and small wooden figures of kneeling captives were discovered in the mortuary complexes of Neferefre,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina1994146–147,_148–149_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina1994146–147,_148–149-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Djedkare Isesi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorterMossBurney1981424_122-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorterMossBurney1981424-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorterMossBurney1981421_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorterMossBurney1981421-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorterMossBurney1981394_124-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorterMossBurney1981394-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pepi_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepi I">Pepi I</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPorterMossBurney1981422_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPorterMossBurney1981422-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Pepi_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepi II">Pepi II</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith194958_119-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith194958-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as in the tomb of vizier <a href="/wiki/Senedjemib_Mehi" title="Senedjemib Mehi">Senedjemib Mehi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith1949plates_126d_&_e;_fig._130b_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith1949plates_126d_&_e;_fig._130b-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski2001158_127-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski2001158-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Trade relations with <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a> are the only ones attested to during Neferirkare's reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001599_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001599-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The archaeological evidence for this are seal impressions and <a href="/wiki/Ostracon" title="Ostracon">ostracon</a> bearing his name uncovered in the fortress of <a href="/wiki/Buhen" title="Buhen">Buhen</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Cataracts_of_the_Nile" title="Cataracts of the Nile">second cataract</a> of the Nile.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008260_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008260-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contacts with <a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levantine coast</a> might also have happened during Neferirkare's rule, as suggested by a single alabaster bowl inscribed with his name unearthed there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaker2008260_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaker2008260-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personality">Personality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Personality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ptahchepses1a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Relief on stone showing the profile of a man wearing a linen robe and holding a staff." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ptahchepses1a.jpg/170px-Ptahchepses1a.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ptahchepses1a.jpg/255px-Ptahchepses1a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Ptahchepses1a.jpg/340px-Ptahchepses1a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1906" data-file-height="2998" /></a><figcaption>Relief showing <a href="/wiki/Ptahshepses" title="Ptahshepses">Ptahshepses</a> found in his mastaba</figcaption></figure> <p>Neferirkare's reign was unusual for the significant number of surviving contemporary records which describe him as a kind and gentle ruler. When <a href="/wiki/Rawer_(5th_Dynasty)" title="Rawer (5th Dynasty)">Rawer</a>, an elderly nobleman and royal courtier, was accidentally touched by the king's mace during a religious ceremony<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999132_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999132-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—a dangerous situation which could have caused this official to be put immediately to death<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001599_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001599-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or banished from court since the pharaoh was viewed as a living god in <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Kingdom">Old Kingdom</a> mythology—Neferirkare quickly pardoned Rawer and commanded that no harm should occur to the latter for the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHornung1997288_129-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHornung1997288-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaer196098,_292_130-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaer196098,_292-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Rawer gratefully states in an inscription from his <a href="/wiki/Giza" title="Giza">Giza</a> tomb: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Now the priest Rawer in his priestly robes was following the steps of the king in order to conduct the royal costume, when the sceptre in the king's hand struck the priest Rawer's foot. The king said, "You are safe". So the king said, and then, "It is the king's wish that he be perfectly safe, since I have not struck at him. For he is more worthy before the king than any man."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999396_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999396-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEManley199628_131-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEManley199628-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESethe1903232_132-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESethe1903232-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Similarly, Neferirkare gave the Priest of Ptah <a href="/wiki/Ptahshepses" title="Ptahshepses">Ptahshepses</a> the unprecedented honour of kissing his feet<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999132_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999132-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001c269_133-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001c269-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> rather than the ground in front of him.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreasted1906118_134-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreasted1906118-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, when the vizier <a href="/wiki/Washptah" title="Washptah">Washptah</a> suffered a stroke while attending court, the king quickly summoned the palace's chief doctors to treat his dying vizier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999132_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999132-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Washptah died, Neferirkare was reportedly inconsolable and retired to his personal quarters to mourn the loss of his friend. The king then ordered the purification of Washptah's body in his presence and ordered an ebony coffin made for the deceased vizier. Washptah was buried with special endowments and rituals courtesy of Neferirkare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBreasted1906243–249_135-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBreasted1906243–249-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The records of the king's actions are inscribed in Washptah's tomb itself<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200115_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200115-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and emphasize Neferirkare's humanity towards his subjects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoccati1982108–111_137-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoccati1982108–111-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Building_activities">Building activities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Building activities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pyramid_complex">Pyramid complex</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pyramid complex"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Neferirkare" title="Pyramid of Neferirkare">Pyramid of Neferirkare</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pyramid">Pyramid</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pyramid"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neferirkare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large but ruined pyramid made of limestone and bricks in the desert." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Neferirkare.jpg/220px-Neferirkare.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Neferirkare.jpg/330px-Neferirkare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Neferirkare.jpg/440px-Neferirkare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="767" /></a><figcaption>The pyramid of Neferirkare Kakai, 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Neferirkare_Kakai" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyramid of Neferirkare Kakai">Pyramid of Neferirkare Kakai</a>, known to the Ancient Egyptians as <i>Ba-Neferirkare</i> and variously translated as "Neferirkare is a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_concept_of_the_soul#Bâ_(personality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian concept of the soul">Ba</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992115_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992115-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or "Neferirkare takes form",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is located in the royal necropolis of Abusir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.199924_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.199924-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the largest one built during the Fifth Dynasty, equalling roughly the size of the <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Menkaure" title="Pyramid of Menkaure">Pyramid of Menkaure</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Workers and artisans who built the pyramid and its surrounding complex lived in pyramid town "Neferirkare-is-the-soul" or "Kakai-is-the-soul", located in Abusir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2012407_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2012407-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pyramid construction comprised three stages:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199476_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199476-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> first built were six steps<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of rubble, their retaining walls made of locally quarried limestone<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner1999784_142-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner1999784-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indicating that the monument was originally planned to be a <a href="/wiki/Step_pyramid" title="Step pyramid">step pyramid</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001d91_143-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001d91-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008144_144-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008144-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an unusual design for the time which had not been used since the <a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">Third Dynasty</a>, some 120 years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At this point the pyramid, had it been completed, would have reached 52 m (171 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This plan was then altered by a second construction stage with the addition of filling between the steps meant to transform the monument into a true pyramid.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008144_144-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008144-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a later stage, the workers enlarged the pyramid further, adding a girdle of masonry and smooth casing stones of red granite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008144_144-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008144-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This work was never finished,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001d91_143-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001d91-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even after the works implemented by Nyuserre.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a394_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a394-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a square base of 108-metre-long (354 ft) sides,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992116_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992116-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the pyramid would have reached 72 m (236 ft) high had it been completed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today it is in ruins owing to extensive stone robbing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeclant1999865_147-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeclant1999865-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The entrance to the pyramid's substructures was located on its north side. There, a descending corridor with a <a href="/wiki/Gable_roof" title="Gable roof">gable roof</a> made of limestone beams led into a burial chamber. No pieces of the sarcophagus of the king were found there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008144_144-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008144-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pyramid of Neferirkare is surrounded by smaller pyramids and tombs which seem to form an architectural unit, the cemetery of his close family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This ensemble was meant to be reached from the Nile via a causeway and a valley temple near the river. At the death of Neferirkare, only the foundations of both had been laid and Nyuserre later diverted the unfinished causeway to his <a href="/wiki/Pyramid_of_Nyuserre" title="Pyramid of Nyuserre">own pyramid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008144_144-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008144-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mortuary_temple">Mortuary temple</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Mortuary temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mortuary temple was far from finished at the death of Neferirkare but it was completed later, by his sons Neferefre and Nyuserre Ini using cheap <a href="/wiki/Mudbrick" title="Mudbrick">mudbricks</a> and wood rather than stone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477–78_148-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477–78-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant cache of administrative papyri, known as the <a href="/wiki/Abusir_Papyri" title="Abusir Papyri">Abusir papyri</a>, was uncovered there by illegal diggers in 1893 and subsequently by Borchardt in 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200539_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200539-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further papyri were also uncovered in the mid-seventies during a <a href="/wiki/Charles_University_in_Prague" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles University in Prague">University of Prague</a> Egyptological Institute excavation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal199277_91-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal199277-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The presence of this cache is due to the peculiar historical circumstances of the mid-Fifth Dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina1994169_150-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina1994169-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As both Neferirkare and his heir Neferefre died before their pyramid complexes could be finished, Nyuserre altered their planned layout, diverting the causeway leading to Neferirkare's pyramid to his own. This meant that Neferefre's and Neferirkare's mortuary complexes became somewhat isolated on the Abusir plateau, their priests therefore had to live next to the temple premises in makeshift dwellings,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199479,_170_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199479,_170-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they stored the administrative records onsite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina1994169_150-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina1994169-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast, the records of other temples were kept in the pyramid town close to Sahure's or Nyuserre's pyramid, where the current level of ground water means any papyrus has long since disappeared.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199479,_169_152-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199479,_169-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Abusir papyri record some details pertaining to Neferirkare's mortuary temple. Its central chapel housed a niche with five statues of the king. The central one is described in the papyri as being a representation of the king as <a href="/wiki/Osiris" title="Osiris">Osiris</a>, while the first and last ones depicted him as the king of Upper and Lower Egypt, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.199997_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.199997-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosener-Kriéger1976502,_544–545_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosener-Kriéger1976502,_544–545-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The temple also comprised store-rooms for the offerings, where numerous stone vessels—now broken—had been deposited.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999125_155-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999125-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally the papyri indicate that of the four boats included in the mortuary complex, two were buried to the north and south of the pyramid, one of which was unearthed by Verner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2002270_156-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2002270-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late Period of ancient Egypt</a> (664–332 BCE) the mortuary temple of Neferirkare was used as a secondary cemetery. A gravestone made of yellow <a href="/wiki/Calcite" title="Calcite">calcite</a> was discovered by Borchardt bearing an <a href="/wiki/Aramaic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic language">Aramaic</a> inscription reading "Belonging to Nesneu, son of Tapakhnum".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortenBottaAzzoni201355_157-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPortenBottaAzzoni201355-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another inscription<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199493_158-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199493-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Aramaic found on a limestone block and dating to the fifth century BCE reads "Mannukinaan son of Sewa".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPortenBottaAzzoni201367–69_159-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPortenBottaAzzoni201367–69-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sun_temple">Sun temple</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sun temple"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Neferirkare is known from ancient sources to have built a temple to the sun god Ra, which is yet to be identified archaeologically.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was called <i>Setibre</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning "Site of the heart of Ra",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was, according to contemporary sources, the largest one built during the Fifth Dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001b589_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001b589-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is possible that the temple was only built out of mudbricks, with a planned completion in stone which had not started when Neferirkare died. In this case, it would rapidly have turned into ruins that would be very difficult to locate for archaeologists.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner200543–44_162-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner200543–44-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alternatively, the Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Rainer_Stadelmann" title="Rainer Stadelmann">Rainer Stadelmann</a> has proposed that the <i>Setibre</i> as well as the sun temples of Sahure and Userkaf were one and the same known building, <a href="/wiki/Sun_temple_of_Userkaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun temple of Userkaf">that attributed to Userkaf</a> in Abusir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStadelmann2000541–542_163-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStadelmann2000541–542-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This hypothesis has been dispelled in late 2018 thanks to advanced analyses of the verso of the Palermo stone by the Czech Institute of Archeology, which enabled the reading of inscriptions mentioning precisely the architecture of the temple as well as lists of donations it received.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECzech_Institute_of_Egyptology_website2018_164-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECzech_Institute_of_Egyptology_website2018-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Of all the sun temples built during the Fifth Dynasty, the <i>Setibre</i> is the one most commonly cited in ancient sources. Due to this, some details of its layout are known: it had a large central obelisk, an altar and store-rooms, a sealed barque room housing two boats<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2002270_156-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2002270-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a "hall of the '<a href="/wiki/Sed_festival" title="Sed festival">Sed festival</a><span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>". Religious festivals did certainly take place in sun temples, as is attested to by the Abusir papyri. In the case of the <i>Setibre</i>, the festival of the "Night of Ra"<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is specifically said to have taken place there.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosener-Kriéger1976116–118_167-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosener-Kriéger1976116–118-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was a festival concerned with Ra's journey during the night and connected with the ideas of renewal and rebirth that were central to sun temples.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanákVymazalováCoppens2010438_165-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanákVymazalováCoppens2010438-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The temple played an important role in the distribution of food offerings which were brought everyday from there to the mortuary temple of the king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanákVymazalováCoppens2010436_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanákVymazalováCoppens2010436-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosener-Kriéger1976259,_521_169-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosener-Kriéger1976259,_521-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999350_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999350-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This journey was made by boat, indicating that the <i>Setibre</i> was not adjacent to Neferirkare's pyramid. This also underscores the dependent position of the king with respect to Ra, as offerings were made to the sun god and then to the deceased king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanákVymazalováCoppens2010436_168-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanákVymazalováCoppens2010436-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sun_temple_of_Userkaf">Sun temple of Userkaf</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sun temple of Userkaf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sun_temple_of_Userkaf" class="mw-redirect" title="Sun temple of Userkaf">Sun temple of Userkaf</a></div> <p>The Egyptologist Werner Kaiser proposed, based on a study of the evolution of the hieroglyph determinative for "sun temple", that Neferirkare completed the sun temple of Userkaf—known in Ancient Egyptian as <i>Nekhenre</i><sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—sometime around the fifth cattle count of his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKaiser1956108_173-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKaiser1956108-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a388_174-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a388-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This opinion is shared by the Egyptologists and archaeologists Ogden Goelet, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Lehner" title="Mark Lehner">Mark Lehner</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Ricke" title="Herbert Ricke">Herbert Ricke</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoelet199986_175-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoelet199986-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008150_171-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008150-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERickeEdelBorchardt196515–18_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERickeEdelBorchardt196515–18-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this hypothesis, Neferirkare would have provided the <i>Nekhenre</i> with its monumental obelisk of limestone and red granite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a387–389_177-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a387–389-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Verner and the Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Paule_Posener-Kri%C3%A9ger" title="Paule Posener-Kriéger">Paule Posener-Kriéger</a> have pointed out two difficulties with the hypothesis. Firstly, it would imply a long interlude between the two phases of construction of Userkaf's temple: nearly 25 years between the erection of the temple and that of its obelisk. Secondly, they observe that both the pyramid and sun temple of Neferirkare were unfinished at his death, raising the question as to why the king would have devoted exceptional effort on a monument of Userkaf when his own still required substantial works to be completed.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosener-Kriéger1976519_178-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosener-Kriéger1976519-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a388–389_179-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a388–389-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, Verner proposes that it was Sahure who finished the <i>Nekhenre</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a390_180-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a390-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funerary_cult">Funerary cult</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Funerary cult"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Neferirkare_agricultural_estate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Painted relief of a woman with a basket full of food on her head." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Neferirkare_agricultural_estate.jpg/130px-Neferirkare_agricultural_estate.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Neferirkare_agricultural_estate.jpg/195px-Neferirkare_agricultural_estate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Neferirkare_agricultural_estate.jpg/260px-Neferirkare_agricultural_estate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="375" data-file-height="691" /></a><figcaption>Personified agricultural estate of Neferirkare, tomb of Sekhemnefer III</figcaption></figure> <p>As with the other pharaohs of the Fifth Dynasty, Neferirkare was the object of a funerary cult after his death. Cylinder seals belonging to priests and priestesses serving in this cult attest his existence during the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom period</a>. For example, a black steatite seal, now in the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Museum">Metropolitan Museum</a> bears the inscription "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/votary" class="extiw" title="wikt:votary">Votary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a> and priestess of the good god Neferirkare, beloved of the gods".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197872_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes197872-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these officials had roles in the cults of several kings, as well as in their sun temples.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooklyn_Museum2017_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooklyn_Museum2017-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Offerings for the funerary cult of deceased rulers were provided by dedicated agricultural estates set up during the king's reign. A few of these are known for Neferirkare, including "The estate of Kakai (named) the <i>i3gt</i> of Kakai",<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Strong is the power of Kakai",<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "The plantations of Kakai",<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/Nekhbet" title="Nekhbet">Nekhbet</a> desires that Kakai lives",<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray1905plate_IX_189-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1905plate_IX-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Neferirkare is beloved of the ennead"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200573_105-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200573-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "The mansion of the Ba of Neferirkare".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200573_105-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200573-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Traces of the continued existence of the funerary cult of Neferirkare beyond the Old Kingdom period are scant. A pair of statues belonging to a certain Sekhemhotep were uncovered in Giza, one of which is inscribed with the standard <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_offering_formula" title="Ancient Egyptian offering formula">Ancient Egyptian offering formula</a> followed by "of the temple of the King of Upper and Lower Egypt, Neferirkare, <a href="/wiki/Maat_Kheru" class="mw-redirect" title="Maat Kheru">true of voice</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMálek2000b249_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMálek2000b249-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statues, which date to the early 12th Dynasty of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom period</a> are the only archaeological evidence that Neferirkare's funerary cult still existed or had been revived around Abusir at the time,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorales2006313_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorales2006313-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareš198587–94_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareš198587–94-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> albeit in a very limited form.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareš198593_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareš198593-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMálek2000b246–248_194-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMálek2000b246–248-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes,_references_and_sources"><span id="Notes.2C_references_and_sources"></span>Notes, references and sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notes, references and sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Proposed dates for Neferirkare Kakai's reign: 2539–2527 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197858_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes197858-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2492–2482 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001b589_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001b589-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawassSenussi200810_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawassSenussi200810-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-ShahawyAtiya200585_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-ShahawyAtiya200585-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2483–2463 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick2005xxx_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick2005xxx-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2477–2467 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199460_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199460-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2475–2455 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMálek2000a100_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMálek2000a100-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999132_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999132-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2458–2438 BCE<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999285_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999285-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2446–2438 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999xx_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999xx-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMET2002_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMET2002-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDecree_of_Neferirkare,_BMFA2017_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDecree_of_Neferirkare,_BMFA2017-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2416–2407 BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick19853_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick19853-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2415–2405 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In this theory, Khentkaus I possibly remarried Userkaf after the death of her first husband <a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197866–68,_71_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes197866–68,_71-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became the mother of Sahure and his successor on the throne Neferirkare Kakai.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999173_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999173-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This theory is based on the fact that Khentkaus was known to have borne the title of <i>mwt nswt bity nswt bity</i>, which could be translated as "mother of two kings". Some Egyptologists have therefore proposed that Khentkaus was the mother of Sahure and the historical figure on which the Rededjet of the Westcar Papyrus is based.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200462_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200462-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the discoveries of Verner and El-Awady in <a href="/wiki/Abusir" title="Abusir">Abusir</a> this theory was abandoned and the role of Khentkaus has been re-appraised. In particular, it is now understood that there were two queens Khentkaus, both of whom may have bore two kings, the latest one being the mother of Neferefre and Nyuserre Ini. In addition, an ephemeral pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Djedefptah" class="mw-redirect" title="Djedefptah">Djedefptah</a> may have ruled between Shepseskaf and Userkaf, further troubling the circumstances of the rise of the Fifth Dynasty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197866–68,_71_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes197866–68,_71-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ranefer-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ranefer_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The transliteration of the inscription is <i>[zȝ-nswt] smsw Rˁ-nfr</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner1985a282_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner1985a282-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Often translated as "Hereditary prince" or "Hereditary noble" and more precisely "Concerned with the nobility", this title denotes a highly exalted position.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200527_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200527-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ludwig Borchardt, who discovered this <i>heset</i> vase, noticed that the vase was not functional, being of plain wood, plaster, mortar and with no cavity. Consequently, he hypothesised that the vase was meant to be used in funerary rituals as a symbol of the functioning vessels made of precious materials employed in the temple.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999345_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999345-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The surviving fragments of the annal likely date to the much later <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">25th Dynasty</a> (<a href="/wiki/Floruit" title="Floruit">fl.</a> 760–656 BCE), but they were certainly copied or compiled from Old Kingdom sources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBárta20172_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBárta20172-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Known in modern Egyptology as Ranefer A since pharaoh Neferefre was also called Ranefer before ascending the throne and is thus called Ranefer B.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200464–66_99-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200464–66-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Located in <a href="/wiki/Heliopolis_(ancient_Egypt)" title="Heliopolis (ancient Egypt)">Heliopolis</a>, Keraha was believed to be the site of the battle between Horus and Seth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200579footnote_20_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200579footnote_20-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Or <i>Setibrau</i>, transliteration <i>St-ib-Rˁ(.w)</i> in Ancient Egyptian.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanákVymazalováCoppens2010431_160-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanákVymazalováCoppens2010431-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ancient Egyptian transliteration <i>Grḥ n Rˁ(.w)</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanákVymazalováCoppens2010438_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanákVymazalováCoppens2010438-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Nḫn-Rˁ</i> means "Stronghold of Ra".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELehner2008150_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELehner2008150-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Transliteration <i>ḥwt K3k3i i3gt K3k3i</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200170_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200170-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Transliteration <i>W3š-b3w-K3k3i</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200170,_152_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200170,_152-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Transliteration <i>Šw-K3k3i</i>, uncertain reading<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski2001152_187-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski2001152-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="References">References</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorchardt1910plates_33_and_34-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorchardt1910plates_33_and_34_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBorchardt1910">Borchardt 1910</a>, plates 33 and 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999337-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999337_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen_et_al.1999">Allen et al. 1999</a>, p. 337.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes197858-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197858_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayes1978">Hayes 1978</a>, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001b589-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001b589_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001b589_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001b589_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001b589_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001b">Verner 2001b</a>, p. 589.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltenmüller2001598_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAltenmüller2001">Altenmüller 2001</a>, p. 598.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawassSenussi200810-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawassSenussi200810_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHawassSenussi2008">Hawass & Senussi 2008</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-ShahawyAtiya200585-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-ShahawyAtiya200585_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEl-ShahawyAtiya2005">El-Shahawy & Atiya 2005</a>, p. 85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick2005xxx-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick2005xxx_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrudwick2005">Strudwick 2005</a>, p. xxx.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199460-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199460_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayton1994">Clayton 1994</a>, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMálek2000a100-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMálek2000a100_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMálek2000a">Málek 2000a</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999132-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999132_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999132_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999132_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999132_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRice1999">Rice 1999</a>, p. 132.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999285-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvon_Beckerath1999285_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999">von Beckerath 1999</a>, p. 285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999xx-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999xx_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen_et_al.1999">Allen et al. 1999</a>, p. xx.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMET2002-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMET2002_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMET2002">MET 2002</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDecree_of_Neferirkare,_BMFA2017-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDecree_of_Neferirkare,_BMFA2017_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDecree_of_Neferirkare,_BMFA2017_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDecree_of_Neferirkare,_BMFA2017">Decree of Neferirkare, BMFA 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick19853-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick19853_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrudwick1985">Strudwick 1985</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHornung2012491_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHornung2012">Hornung 2012</a>, p. 491.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339_19-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339_19-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339_19-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeprohon2013">Leprohon 2013</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339footnote_52-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201339footnote_52_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeprohon2013">Leprohon 2013</a>, p. 39, footnote 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton199461-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton199461_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayton1994">Clayton 1994</a>, p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon201338-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon201338_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeprohon2013">Leprohon 2013</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEScheele-Schweitzer200791–94-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEScheele-Schweitzer200791–94_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFScheele-Schweitzer2007">Scheele-Schweitzer 2007</a>, pp. 91–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999396-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999396_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999396_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen_et_al.1999">Allen et al. 1999</a>, p. 396.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEde_Rougé191881-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEde_Rougé191881_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFde_Rougé1918">de Rougé 1918</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHelck1987117-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHelck1987117_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHelck1987">Helck 1987</a>, p. 117.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski198729–52-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski198729–52_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrovarski1987">Brovarski 1987</a>, pp. 29–52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMariette18644plate_17-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMariette18644plate_17_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMariette1864">Mariette 1864</a>, p. 4, plate 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199477_29-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVernerZemina1994">Verner & Zemina 1994</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a395-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a395_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a395_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001a">Verner 2001a</a>, p. 395.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000587_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 587.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMálek200484,_103–104-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMálek200484,_103–104_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMálek2004">Málek 2004</a>, p. 84, 103–104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeidlmeyer2004108-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeidlmeyer2004108_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeidlmeyer2004">Seidlmeyer 2004</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaines2007198-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaines2007198_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaines2007">Baines 2007</a>, p. 198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeters1997135–136-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeters1997135–136_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSeters1997">Seters 1997</a>, pp. 135–136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEShaw20047–8-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEShaw20047–8_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFShaw2004">Shaw 2004</a>, pp. 7–8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006208–213-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006208–213_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006208–213_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006208–213_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEl-Awady2006">El-Awady 2006</a>, pp. 208–213.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006192–198-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006192–198_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEl-Awady2006">El-Awady 2006</a>, pp. 192–198.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000581_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 581.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWaddell197151-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWaddell197151_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWaddell1971">Waddell 1971</a>, p. 51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBurkardThissenQuack2003178-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBurkardThissenQuack2003178_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurkardThissenQuack2003">Burkard, Thissen & Quack 2003</a>, p. 178.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes197866-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197866_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197866_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197866_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayes1978">Hayes 1978</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200464-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200464_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodsonHilton2004">Dodson & Hilton 2004</a>, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal199268,_72,_74-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal199268,_72,_74_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrimal1992">Grimal 1992</a>, pp. 68, 72, 74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica2017-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEncyclopædia_Britannica2017_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica2017">Encyclopædia Britannica 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELichteim2000215–220-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELichteim2000215–220_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLichteim2000">Lichteim 2000</a>, pp. 215–220.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes197866–68,_71-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197866–68,_71_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197866–68,_71_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayes1978">Hayes 1978</a>, pp. 66–68, 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERice1999173-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999173_48-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERice1999173_48-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRice1999">Rice 1999</a>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200462-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200462_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodsonHilton2004">Dodson & Hilton 2004</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBárta20176-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBárta20176_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBárta20176_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBárta2017">Bárta 2017</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2007-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2007_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2007_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2007">Verner 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006213–214-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006213–214_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEl-Awady2006">El-Awady 2006</a>, pp. 213–214.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaud1999b535-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaud1999b535_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaud1999b">Baud 1999b</a>, p. 535.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaud1999b521-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaud1999b521_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaud1999b">Baud 1999b</a>, p. 521.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200462–69-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200462–69_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodsonHilton2004">Dodson & Hilton 2004</a>, pp. 62–69.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006191–218-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEl-Awady2006191–218_57-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEl-Awady2006">El-Awady 2006</a>, pp. 191–218.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBorchardt1913Plate_17-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBorchardt1913Plate_17_58-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBorchardt1913">Borchardt 1913</a>, Plate 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200466-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200466_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200466_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodsonHilton2004">Dodson & Hilton 2004</a>, p. 66.</span> </li> <li 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrejčíKytnarováOdler201535_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrejčíKytnarováOdler2015">Krejčí, Kytnarová & Odler 2015</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrejčíKytnarováOdler201534-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrejčíKytnarováOdler201534_83-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrejčíKytnarováOdler2015">Krejčí, Kytnarová & Odler 2015</a>, p. 34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a393-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a393_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a393_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001a">Verner 2001a</a>, p. 393.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKatary2001352-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKatary2001352_85-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKatary2001352_85-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKatary2001">Katary 2001</a>, p. 352.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDaressy1912176-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDaressy1912176_86-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaressy1912">Daressy 1912</a>, p. 176.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199476–77-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVernerZemina199476–77_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVernerZemina1994">Verner & Zemina 1994</a>, pp. 76–77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a394–395-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a394–395_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001a">Verner 2001a</a>, pp. 394–395.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999345-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999345_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999345_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.1999345_89-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen_et_al.1999">Allen et al. 1999</a>, p. 345.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal199277-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal199277_91-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal199277_91-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal199277_91-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrimal1992">Grimal 1992</a>, p. 77.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200572–74-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a 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href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBárta20172_95-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBárta2017">Bárta 2017</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.19993-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllen_et_al.19993_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllen_et_al.1999">Allen et al. 1999</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal199246-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal199246_98-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrimal1992">Grimal 1992</a>, p. 46.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200464–66-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton200464–66_99-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodsonHilton2004">Dodson & Hilton 2004</a>, pp. 64–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2000590-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2000590_101-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2000">Verner 2000</a>, p. 590.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchäfer190238-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchäfer190238_102-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchäfer1902">Schäfer 1902</a>, p. 38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200579footnote_20-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200579footnote_20_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStrudwick2005">Strudwick 2005</a>, p. 79, footnote 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200573-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200573_105-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStrudwick200573_105-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a 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class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a387–389_177-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001a">Verner 2001a</a>, pp. 387–389.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPosener-Kriéger1976519-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPosener-Kriéger1976519_178-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPosener-Kriéger1976">Posener-Kriéger 1976</a>, p. 519.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a388–389-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a388–389_179-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001a">Verner 2001a</a>, pp. 388–389.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a390-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVerner2001a390_180-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVerner2001a">Verner 2001a</a>, p. 390.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes197872-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes197872_181-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHayes1978">Hayes 1978</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrooklyn_Museum2017-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrooklyn_Museum2017_182-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrooklyn_Museum2017">Brooklyn Museum 2017</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200170-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200170_183-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrovarski2001">Brovarski 2001</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200170,_152-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski200170,_152_185-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrovarski2001">Brovarski 2001</a>, pp. 70, 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrovarski2001152-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrovarski2001152_187-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrovarski2001">Brovarski 2001</a>, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMurray1905plate_IX-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMurray1905plate_IX_189-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMurray1905">Murray 1905</a>, plate IX.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMálek2000b249-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMálek2000b249_190-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMálek2000b">Málek 2000b</a>, p. 249.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMorales2006313-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMorales2006313_191-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMorales2006">Morales 2006</a>, p. 313.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareš198587–94-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareš198587–94_192-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBareš1985">Bareš 1985</a>, pp. 87–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBareš198593-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBareš198593_193-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBareš1985">Bareš 1985</a>, p. 93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMálek2000b246–248-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMálek2000b246–248_194-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMálek2000b">Málek 2000b</a>, pp. 246–248.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources_2">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAllen_et_al.1999" class="citation book cs1">Allen, James; Allen, Susan; Anderson, Julie; Arnold, Arnold; Arnold, Dorothea; Cherpion, Nadine; David, Élisabeth; Grimal, Nicolas; Grzymski, Krzysztof; Hawass, Zahi; Hill, Marsha; Jánosi, Peter; Labée-Toutée, Sophie; Labrousse, Audran; Lauer, Jean-Phillippe; Leclant, Jean; Der Manuelian, Peter; Millet, N. B.; Oppenheim, Adela; Craig Patch, Diana; Pischikova, Elena; Rigault, Patricia; Roehrig, Catharine H.; Wildung, Dietrich; Ziegler, Christiane (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/research/metpublications/Egyptian_Art_in_the_Age_of_the_Pyramids"><i>Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids</i></a>. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-6543-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-6543-0"><bdi>978-0-8109-6543-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41431623">41431623</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egyptian+Art+in+the+Age+of+the+Pyramids&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41431623&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-6543-0&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Allen%2C+Susan&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Julie&rft.au=Arnold%2C+Arnold&rft.au=Arnold%2C+Dorothea&rft.au=Cherpion%2C+Nadine&rft.au=David%2C+%C3%89lisabeth&rft.au=Grimal%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=Grzymski%2C+Krzysztof&rft.au=Hawass%2C+Zahi&rft.au=Hill%2C+Marsha&rft.au=J%C3%A1nosi%2C+Peter&rft.au=Lab%C3%A9e-Tout%C3%A9e%2C+Sophie&rft.au=Labrousse%2C+Audran&rft.au=Lauer%2C+Jean-Phillippe&rft.au=Leclant%2C+Jean&rft.au=Der+Manuelian%2C+Peter&rft.au=Millet%2C+N.+B.&rft.au=Oppenheim%2C+Adela&rft.au=Craig+Patch%2C+Diana&rft.au=Pischikova%2C+Elena&rft.au=Rigault%2C+Patricia&rft.au=Roehrig%2C+Catharine+H.&rft.au=Wildung%2C+Dietrich&rft.au=Ziegler%2C+Christiane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fresearch%2Fmetpublications%2FEgyptian_Art_in_the_Age_of_the_Pyramids&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltenmüller2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hartwig_Altenm%C3%BCller" title="Hartwig Altenmüller">Altenmüller, Hartwig</a> (2001). "Old Kingdom: Fifth Dynasty". In <a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Redford" title="Donald B. Redford">Redford, Donald B.</a> (ed.). <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 597–601. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5"><bdi>978-0-19-510234-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Old+Kingdom%3A+Fifth+Dynasty&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Egypt%2C+Volume+2&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=597-601&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510234-5&rft.aulast=Altenm%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Hartwig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltenmüller2002" class="citation book cs1">Altenmüller, Hartwig (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf_library/altenmueller_archiv_or_2002.pdf">"Funerary Boats and Boat Pits of the Old Kingdom"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Coppens, Filip (ed.). <i>Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2001</i>. Vol. 70. Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. pp. 269–290.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Funerary+Boats+and+Boat+Pits+of+the+Old+Kingdom&rft.btitle=Abusir+and+Saqqara+in+the+Year+2001&rft.place=Prague&rft.pages=269-290&rft.pub=Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+Czech+Republic%2C+Oriental+Institute&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Altenm%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Hartwig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizapyramids.org%2Fpdf_library%2Faltenmueller_archiv_or_2002.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaer1960" class="citation book cs1">Baer, Klaus (1960). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ranktitleinoldki0000baer"><i>Rank and Title in the Old Kingdom: The Structure of the Egyptian Administration in the Fifth and Sixth Dynasties</i></a></span>. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/911725773">911725773</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rank+and+Title+in+the+Old+Kingdom%3A+The+Structure+of+the+Egyptian+Administration+in+the+Fifth+and+Sixth+Dynasties&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=The+University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1960&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F911725773&rft.aulast=Baer&rft.aufirst=Klaus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Franktitleinoldki0000baer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2008" class="citation book cs1">Baker, Darrell (2008). <i>The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I – Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty 3300–1069 BC</i>. London: Stacey International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905299-37-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905299-37-9"><bdi>978-1-905299-37-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+the+Pharaohs%3A+Volume+I+%E2%80%93+Predynastic+to+the+Twentieth+Dynasty+3300%E2%80%931069+BC&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Stacey+International&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-905299-37-9&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Darrell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBareš1985" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bareš, Ladislav (1985). "Eine Statue des Würdenträgers Sachmethotep und ihre Beziehung zum Totenkult des Mittleren Reiches in Abusir". <i>Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde</i> (in German). <b>112</b> (1–2). Berlin/Leipzig: 87–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1524%2Fzaes.1985.112.12.87">10.1524/zaes.1985.112.12.87</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:192097104">192097104</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+%C3%A4gyptische+Sprache+und+Altertumskunde&rft.atitle=Eine+Statue+des+W%C3%BCrdentr%C3%A4gers+Sachmethotep+und+ihre+Beziehung+zum+Totenkult+des+Mittleren+Reiches+in+Abusir&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=87-94&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1524%2Fzaes.1985.112.12.87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A192097104%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Bare%C5%A1&rft.aufirst=Ladislav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBárta2017" class="citation journal cs1">Bárta, Miroslav (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/67n4m4c4">"Radjedef to the Eighth Dynasty"</a>. <i>UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Encyclopedia+of+Egyptology&rft.atitle=Radjedef+to+the+Eighth+Dynasty&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=B%C3%A1rta&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fescholarship.org%2Fuc%2Fitem%2F67n4m4c4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaines2007" class="citation book cs1">Baines, John (2007). <i>Visual and Written Culture in Ancient Egypt</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198152507" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198152507"><bdi>978-0198152507</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Visual+and+Written+Culture+in+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0198152507&rft.aulast=Baines&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaud1999a" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Baud" title="Michel Baud">Baud, Michel</a> (1999a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf_library/baud_famille_1.pdf"><i>Famille Royale et pouvoir sous l'Ancien Empire égyptien. Tome 1</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bibliothèque d'étude 126/1 (in French). Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7247-0250-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7247-0250-7"><bdi>978-2-7247-0250-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famille+Royale+et+pouvoir+sous+l%27Ancien+Empire+%C3%A9gyptien.+Tome+1&rft.place=Cairo&rft.series=Biblioth%C3%A8que+d%27%C3%A9tude+126%2F1&rft.pub=Institut+fran%C3%A7ais+d%27arch%C3%A9ologie+orientale&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-2-7247-0250-7&rft.aulast=Baud&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizapyramids.org%2Fpdf_library%2Fbaud_famille_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaud1999b" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Baud" title="Michel Baud">Baud, Michel</a> (1999b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402105848/http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf_library/baud_famille_2.pdf"><i>Famille Royale et pouvoir sous l'Ancien Empire égyptien. Tome 2</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bibliothèque d'étude 126/2 (in French). Cairo: Institut français d'archéologie orientale. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-7247-0250-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-7247-0250-7"><bdi>978-2-7247-0250-7</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf_library/baud_famille_2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Famille+Royale+et+pouvoir+sous+l%27Ancien+Empire+%C3%A9gyptien.+Tome+2&rft.place=Cairo&rft.series=Biblioth%C3%A8que+d%27%C3%A9tude+126%2F2&rft.pub=Institut+fran%C3%A7ais+d%27arch%C3%A9ologie+orientale&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-2-7247-0250-7&rft.aulast=Baud&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizapyramids.org%2Fpdf_library%2Fbaud_famille_2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorchardt1910" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Borchardt" title="Ludwig Borchardt">Borchardt, Ludwig</a> (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/borchardt1913bd2b?sid=581395ce99fcb4e7511b5ea7bea65b1b"><i>Das Grabdenkmal des Königs S'aḥu-Re (Band 1): Der Bau: Blatt 1–15</i></a> (in German). Leipzig: Hinrichs. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-535-00577-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-535-00577-1"><bdi>978-3-535-00577-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Grabdenkmal+des+K%C3%B6nigs+S%27a%E1%B8%A5u-Re+%28Band+1%29%3A+Der+Bau%3A+Blatt+1%E2%80%9315&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Hinrichs&rft.date=1910&rft.isbn=978-3-535-00577-1&rft.aulast=Borchardt&rft.aufirst=Ludwig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fdiglit%2Fborchardt1913bd2b%3Fsid%3D581395ce99fcb4e7511b5ea7bea65b1b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorchardt1913" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Borchardt, Ludwig (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/borchardt1913bd2b/0006"><i>Das Grabdenkmal des Königs S'aḥu-Re (Band 2): Die Wandbilder: Abbildungsblätter</i></a> (in German). Leipzig: Hinrichs. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/310832679">310832679</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Grabdenkmal+des+K%C3%B6nigs+S%27a%E1%B8%A5u-Re+%28Band+2%29%3A+Die+Wandbilder%3A+Abbildungsbl%C3%A4tter&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=Hinrichs&rft.date=1913&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F310832679&rft.aulast=Borchardt&rft.aufirst=Ludwig&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de%2Fdiglit%2Fborchardt1913bd2b%2F0006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreasted1906" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Henry_Breasted" title="James Henry Breasted">Breasted, James Henry</a> (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_LB0NAAAAIAAJ_2"><i>Ancient records of Egypt; historical documents from the earliest times to the Persian conquest</i></a>. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/3931162">3931162</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+records+of+Egypt%3B+historical+documents+from+the+earliest+times+to+the+Persian+conquest&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=1906&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F3931162&rft.aulast=Breasted&rft.aufirst=James+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_LB0NAAAAIAAJ_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrovarski1987" class="citation journal cs1">Brovarski, Edward (1987). "Two Old Kingdom writing boards from Giza". <i>Annales du Service des Antiquités de l'Égypte</i>. <b>71</b>. Cairo: 29–52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annales+du+Service+des+Antiquit%C3%A9s+de+l%27%C3%89gypte&rft.atitle=Two+Old+Kingdom+writing+boards+from+Giza&rft.volume=71&rft.pages=29-52&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Brovarski&rft.aufirst=Edward&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrovarski2001" class="citation book cs1">Brovarski, Edward (2001). Der Manuelian, Peter; Simpson, William Kelly (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gizapyramids.org/static/html/gizamastabas7.jsp"><i>The Senedjemib Complex, Part 1. The Mastabas of Senedjemib Inti (G 2370), Khnumenti (G 2374), and Senedjemib Mehi (G 2378)</i></a>. Giza Mastabas. Vol. 7. Boston: Art of the Ancient World, Museum of Fine Arts. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87846-479-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87846-479-1"><bdi>978-0-87846-479-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Senedjemib+Complex%2C+Part+1.+The+Mastabas+of+Senedjemib+Inti+%28G+2370%29%2C+Khnumenti+%28G+2374%29%2C+and+Senedjemib+Mehi+%28G+2378%29&rft.place=Boston&rft.series=Giza+Mastabas&rft.pub=Art+of+the+Ancient+World%2C+Museum+of+Fine+Arts&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-87846-479-1&rft.aulast=Brovarski&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizapyramids.org%2Fstatic%2Fhtml%2Fgizamastabas7.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkardThissenQuack2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Burkard, Günter; Thissen, Heinz Josef; Quack, Joachim Friedrich (2003). <i>Einführung in die altägyptische Literaturgeschichte. Band 1: Altes und Mittleres Reich</i>. Einführungen und Quellentexte zur Ägyptologie. Vol. 1, 3, 6. Münster: LIT. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-82-580987-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-82-580987-4"><bdi>978-3-82-580987-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Einf%C3%BChrung+in+die+alt%C3%A4gyptische+Literaturgeschichte.+Band+1%3A+Altes+und+Mittleres+Reich&rft.place=M%C3%BCnster&rft.series=Einf%C3%BChrungen+und+Quellentexte+zur+%C3%84gyptologie&rft.pub=LIT&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-3-82-580987-4&rft.aulast=Burkard&rft.aufirst=G%C3%BCnter&rft.au=Thissen%2C+Heinz+Josef&rft.au=Quack%2C+Joachim+Friedrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton1994" class="citation book cs1">Clayton, Peter (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronicleofphara00clay"><i>Chronicle of the Pharaohs</i></a>. London: Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-500-05074-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-500-05074-3"><bdi>978-0-500-05074-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+Pharaohs&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-500-05074-3&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchronicleofphara00clay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooklyn_Museum2017" class="citation web cs1">Collection of the Brooklyn Museum (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/56694">"Cylinder seal 44.123.30"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cylinder+seal+44.123.30&rft.date=2017&rft.au=Collection+of+the+Brooklyn+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brooklynmuseum.org%2Fopencollection%2Fobjects%2F56694&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCzech_Institute_of_Egyptology_website2018" class="citation web cs1">Czech Institute of Egyptology website (1 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cegu.ff.cuni.cz/en/2018/10/01/new-research-and-insights-into-the-palermo-stone/">"New research and insights into the Palermo Stone"</a>. <i>cegu.ff.cuni.cz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181012134324/https://cegu.ff.cuni.cz/en/2018/10/01/new-research-and-insights-into-the-palermo-stone/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cegu.ff.cuni.cz&rft.atitle=New+research+and+insights+into+the+Palermo+Stone&rft.date=2018-10-01&rft.au=Czech+Institute+of+Egyptology+website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcegu.ff.cuni.cz%2Fen%2F2018%2F10%2F01%2Fnew-research-and-insights-into-the-palermo-stone%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaressy1912" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Daressy, Georges (1912). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifao.egnet.net/bifao/012/09/">"La Pierre de Palerme et la chronologie de l'Ancien Empire"</a>. <i>Bulletin de l'Institut français d'archéologie orientale</i> (in French). <b>12</b>: 161–214.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+l%27Institut+fran%C3%A7ais+d%27arch%C3%A9ologie+orientale&rft.atitle=La+Pierre+de+Palerme+et+la+chronologie+de+l%27Ancien+Empire&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=161-214&rft.date=1912&rft.aulast=Daressy&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifao.egnet.net%2Fbifao%2F012%2F09%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDecree_of_Neferirkare,_BMFA2017" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/decree-of-neferirkare-130692">"Decree of Neferirkare, catalog number 03.1896"</a>. <i>Boston Museum of Fine Arts (BMFA)</i>. 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Museum+of+Fine+Arts+%28BMFA%29&rft.atitle=Decree+of+Neferirkare%2C+catalog+number+03.1896&rft.date=2017&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.org%2Fcollections%2Fobject%2Fdecree-of-neferirkare-130692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Rougé1918" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_de_Roug%C3%A9" title="Emmanuel de Rougé">de Rougé, Emmanuel</a> (1918). <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Maspero" title="Gaston Maspero">Maspero, Gaston</a>; <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Naville" title="Édouard Naville">Naville, Édouard</a> (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k55548k.pdf"><i>Œuvres diverses, volume 6</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bibliothèque Egyptologique (in French). Vol. 26. Paris: Ernest Leroux. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/369027133">369027133</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%92uvres+diverses%2C+volume+6&rft.place=Paris&rft.series=Biblioth%C3%A8que+Egyptologique&rft.pub=Ernest+Leroux&rft.date=1918&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F369027133&rft.aulast=de+Roug%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbpt6k55548k.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodsonHilton2004" class="citation book cs1">Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan (2004). <i>The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt</i>. 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New evidence."</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (eds.). <i>Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2005</i>. Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-7308-116-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-7308-116-4"><bdi>978-80-7308-116-4</bdi></a>. 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Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic – Oriental Institute. pp. 241–258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/80-85425-39-4" title="Special:BookSources/80-85425-39-4"><bdi>80-85425-39-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Old+Kingdom+rulers+as+%22local+saints%22+in+the+Memphite+area+during+the+Old+Kingdom&rft.btitle=Abusir+and+Saqqara+in+the+Year+2000&rft.place=Prague&rft.pages=241-258&rft.pub=Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+Czech+Republic+%E2%80%93+Oriental+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=80-85425-39-4&rft.aulast=M%C3%A1lek&rft.aufirst=Jarom%C3%ADr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMálek2004" class="citation book cs1">Málek, Jaromír (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw/page/83">"The Old Kingdom (c. 2686–2160 BC)"</a>. 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Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. pp. 311–341. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-7308-116-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-7308-116-4"><bdi>978-80-7308-116-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Traces+of+official+and+popular+veneration+to+Nyuserra+Iny+at+Abusir.+Late+Fifth+Dynasty+to+the+Middle+Kingdom&rft.btitle=Abusir+and+Saqqara+in+the+Year+2005%2C+Proceedings+of+the+Conference+held+in+Prague+%28June+27%E2%80%93July+5%2C+2005%29&rft.place=Prague&rft.pages=311-341&rft.pub=Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+Czech+Republic%2C+Oriental+Institute&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-80-7308-116-4&rft.aulast=Morales&rft.aufirst=Antonio+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray1905" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Murray" title="Margaret Murray">Murray, Margaret Alice</a> (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etana.org/sites/default/files/coretexts/15132.pdf"><i>Saqqara Mastabas. 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Beiträge zur Ägyptischen Bauforschung und Altertumskunde (in German). Vol. 7. 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Paris: Editions du Cerf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-204-01895-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-204-01895-1"><bdi>978-2-204-01895-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Litt%C3%A9rature+historique+sous+l%27ancien+empire+%C3%A9gyptien&rft.place=Paris&rft.series=Litt%C3%A9ratures+anciennes+du+Proche-Orient&rft.pub=Editions+du+Cerf&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-2-204-01895-1&rft.aulast=Roccati&rft.aufirst=Alessandro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Roth, Silke (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9QgF_h6oZbgC&q=Niuserre"><i>Die Königsmütter des Alten Ägypten von der Frühzeit bis zum Ende der 12. 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Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-04368-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-04368-7"><bdi>978-3-447-04368-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+K%C3%B6nigsm%C3%BCtter+des+Alten+%C3%84gypten+von+der+Fr%C3%BChzeit+bis+zum+Ende+der+12.+Dynastie&rft.place=Wiesbaden&rft.series=%C3%84gypten+und+Altes+Testament&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-3-447-04368-7&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Silke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9QgF_h6oZbgC%26q%3DNiuserre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchäfer1902" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schäfer, Heinrich (1902). Borchardt, Ludwig; <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Sethe" title="Kurt Sethe">Sethe, Kurt</a> (eds.). <i>Ein Bruchstück altägyptischer Annalen</i> (in German). Berlin: Verlag der Königl. Akadamie der Wissenschaften. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/912724377">912724377</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ein+Bruchst%C3%BCck+alt%C3%A4gyptischer+Annalen&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Verlag+der+K%C3%B6nigl.+Akadamie+der+Wissenschaften&rft.date=1902&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F912724377&rft.aulast=Sch%C3%A4fer&rft.aufirst=Heinrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheele-Schweitzer2007" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Scheele-Schweitzer, Katrin (2007). "Zu den Königsnamen der 5. und 6. 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Bonn: Habelt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-7749-1370-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-7749-1370-7"><bdi>978-3-7749-1370-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Untersuchungen+zum+Titel+s3-nj%C5%9Bwt+%22K%C3%B6nigssohn%22&rft.place=Bonn&rft.series=Habelts+Dissertationsdrucke%3A+Reihe+%C3%84gyptologie&rft.pub=Habelt&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-3-7749-1370-7&rft.aulast=Schmitz&rft.aufirst=Bettina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneider2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schneider, Thomas (2002). <i>Lexikon der Pharaonen</i> (in German). 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordhisto00shaw/page/108">108–136</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815034-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815034-3"><bdi>978-0-19-815034-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+First+Intermediate+Period+%28c.+2160%E2%80%932055+BC%29&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=108-136&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-815034-3&rft.aulast=Seidlmeyer&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordhisto00shaw%2Fpage%2F108&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeters1997" class="citation book cs1">Seters, John Van (1997). <i>In Search of History:Historiography in the Ancient World and the Origins of Biblical History</i>. Warsaw, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1575060132" title="Special:BookSources/1575060132"><bdi>1575060132</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+History%3AHistoriography+in+the+Ancient+World+and+the+Origins+of+Biblical+History&rft.place=Warsaw%2C+Indiana&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1575060132&rft.aulast=Seters&rft.aufirst=John+Van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSethe1903" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Heinrich_Sethe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kurt Heinrich Sethe">Sethe, Kurt Heinrich</a> (1903). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.egyptologyforum.org/EEFUrk.html"><i>Urkunden des Alten Reichs</i></a> (in German). wikipedia entry: <a href="/wiki/Urkunden_des_Alten_Reichs" class="mw-redirect" title="Urkunden des Alten Reichs">Urkunden des Alten Reichs</a>. Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/846318602">846318602</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urkunden+des+Alten+Reichs&rft.place=Leipzig&rft.pub=J.C.+Hinrichs&rft.date=1903&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F846318602&rft.aulast=Sethe&rft.aufirst=Kurt+Heinrich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.egyptologyforum.org%2FEEFUrk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaw2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Shaw_(Egyptologist)" title="Ian Shaw (Egyptologist)">Shaw, Ian</a>, ed. 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Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815034-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-815034-3"><bdi>978-0-19-815034-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-815034-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordhisto00shaw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1949" class="citation book cs1">Smith, William Stevenson (1949). <i>A History of Egyptian Sculpture and Painting in the Old Kingdom</i> (second ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press for the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/558013099">558013099</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Egyptian+Sculpture+and+Painting+in+the+Old+Kingdom&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=second&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+for+the+Museum+of+Fine+Arts%2C+Boston&rft.date=1949&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F558013099&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=William+Stevenson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStadelmann2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Rainer_Stadelmann" title="Rainer Stadelmann">Stadelmann, Rainer</a> (2000). "Userkaf in Sakkara und Abusir. Untersuchungen zur Thronfolge in der 4. und frühen 5. Dynastie". In Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (eds.). <i>Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000</i> (in German). Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. pp. 529–542. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-85425-39-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-85425-39-0"><bdi>978-80-85425-39-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Userkaf+in+Sakkara+und+Abusir.+Untersuchungen+zur+Thronfolge+in+der+4.+und+fr%C3%BChen+5.+Dynastie&rft.btitle=Abusir+and+Saqqara+in+the+Year+2000&rft.place=Prague&rft.pages=529-542&rft.pub=Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+Czech+Republic%2C+Oriental+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-80-85425-39-0&rft.aulast=Stadelmann&rft.aufirst=Rainer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrudwick1985" class="citation book cs1">Strudwick, Nigel (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gizapyramids.org/static/pdf%20library/strudwick_admininstration.pdf"><i>The Administration of Egypt in the Old Kingdom: The Highest Titles and Their Holders</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Writings from the Ancient World (book 16). Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-680-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-680-8"><bdi>978-1-58983-680-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Texts+from+the+Pyramid+Age&rft.place=Atlanta&rft.series=Writings+from+the+Ancient+World+%28book+16%29&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-680-8&rft.aulast=Strudwick&rft.aufirst=Nigel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsgoVryxihuMC%26q%3DNeferirkare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeeter1999" class="citation book cs1">Teeter, Emily (1999). "Kingship". In Bard, Kathryn; Shubert, Stephen Blake (eds.). <i>Encyclopedia of the archaeology of ancient Egypt</i>. London; New York: Routledge. pp. 494–498. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-98283-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-98283-9"><bdi>978-0-203-98283-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kingship&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+archaeology+of+ancient+Egypt&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pages=494-498&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-203-98283-9&rft.aulast=Teeter&rft.aufirst=Emily&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerner1980a" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Verner" title="Miroslav Verner">Verner, Miroslav</a> (1980a). "Excavations at Abusir". <i>Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde</i>. <b>107</b>: 158–169. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1524%2Fzaes.1980.107.1.158">10.1524/zaes.1980.107.1.158</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:201699676">201699676</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+%C3%84gyptische+Sprache+und+Altertumskunde&rft.atitle=Excavations+at+Abusir&rft.volume=107&rft.pages=158-169&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1524%2Fzaes.1980.107.1.158&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A201699676%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerner1980b" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verner, Miroslav (1980b). "Die Königsmutter Chentkaus von Abusir und einige Bemerkungen zur Geschichte der 5. Dynastie". <i>Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur</i> (in German). <b>8</b>: 243–268. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25150079">25150079</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studien+zur+Alt%C3%A4gyptischen+Kultur&rft.atitle=Die+K%C3%B6nigsmutter+Chentkaus+von+Abusir+und+einige+Bemerkungen+zur+Geschichte+der+5.+Dynastie&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=243-268&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25150079%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerner1985a" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verner, Miroslav (1985a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifao.egnet.net/bifao/085/24/">"Un roi de la Ve dynastie. Rêneferef ou Rênefer ?"</a>. <i>Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale</i> (in French). <b>85</b>: 281–284.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+de+l%27Institut+Fran%C3%A7ais+d%27Arch%C3%A9ologie+Orientale&rft.atitle=Un+roi+de+la+Ve+dynastie.+R%C3%AAneferef+ou+R%C3%AAnefer+%3F&rft.volume=85&rft.pages=281-284&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifao.egnet.net%2Fbifao%2F085%2F24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVernerZemina1994" class="citation book cs1">Verner, Miroslav; Zemina, Milan (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110201085933/http://egyptologie.ff.cuni.cz/pdf/Forgotten%20Pharaohs%2C%20Lost%20Pyramids.pdf"><i>Forgotten pharaohs, lost pyramids: Abusir</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Prague: Academia Škodaexport. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-200-0022-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-200-0022-4"><bdi>978-80-200-0022-4</bdi></a>. Archived from the original on 1 February 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forgotten+pharaohs%2C+lost+pyramids%3A+Abusir&rft.place=Prague&rft.pub=Academia+%C5%A0kodaexport&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-80-200-0022-4&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rft.au=Zemina%2C+Milan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fegyptologie.ff.cuni.cz%2Fpdf%2FForgotten%2520Pharaohs%252C%2520Lost%2520Pyramids.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVernerPosener-KriégerJánosi1995" class="citation book cs1">Verner, Miroslav; Posener-Kriéger, Paule; Jánosi, Peter (1995). <i>Abusir III : the pyramid complex of Khentkaus</i>. Excavations of the Czech Institute of Egyptology. Prague: Universitas Carolina Pragensis: Academia. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-200-0535-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-200-0535-9"><bdi>978-80-200-0535-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abusir+III+%3A+the+pyramid+complex+of+Khentkaus&rft.place=Prague&rft.series=Excavations+of+the+Czech+Institute+of+Egyptology&rft.pub=Universitas+Carolina+Pragensis%3A+Academia&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-80-200-0535-9&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rft.au=Posener-Kri%C3%A9ger%2C+Paule&rft.au=J%C3%A1nosi%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerner2000" class="citation book cs1">Verner, Miroslav (2000). "Who was Shepseskara, and when did he reign?". In Bárta, Miroslav; Krejčí, Jaromír (eds.). <i>Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2000</i>. Prague: Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Oriental Institute. pp. 581–602. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-85425-39-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-85425-39-0"><bdi>978-80-85425-39-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Who+was+Shepseskara%2C+and+when+did+he+reign%3F&rft.btitle=Abusir+and+Saqqara+in+the+Year+2000&rft.place=Prague&rft.pages=581-602&rft.pub=Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+Czech+Republic%2C+Oriental+Institute&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-80-85425-39-0&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerner2001a" class="citation journal cs1">Verner, Miroslav (2001a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gizapyramids.org/pdf_library/verner_archiv_or_69.pdf">"Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Archiv Orientální</i>. <b>69</b> (3): 363–418.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archiv+Orient%C3%A1ln%C3%AD&rft.atitle=Archaeological+Remarks+on+the+4th+and+5th+Dynasty+Chronology&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=363-418&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gizapyramids.org%2Fpdf_library%2Fverner_archiv_or_69.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerner2001b" class="citation book cs1">Verner, Miroslav (2001b). "Old Kingdom: An Overview". In <a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Redford" title="Donald B. Redford">Redford, Donald B.</a> (ed.). <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 585–591. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5"><bdi>978-0-19-510234-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Old+Kingdom%3A+An+Overview&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Egypt%2C+Volume+2&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=585-591&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510234-5&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerner2001c" class="citation book cs1">Verner, Miroslav (2001c). <i>The Pyramids; The Mystery, Culture and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments</i>. New York: Grove Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-80-213935-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-80-213935-1"><bdi>978-0-80-213935-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pyramids%3B+The+Mystery%2C+Culture+and+Science+of+Egypt%27s+Great+Monuments&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Grove+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-80-213935-1&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerner2001d" class="citation book cs1">Verner, Miroslav (2001d). "Pyramid". In <a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Redford" title="Donald B. Redford">Redford, Donald B.</a> (ed.). <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 87–95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-510234-5"><bdi>978-0-19-510234-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pyramid&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Ancient+Egypt%2C+Volume+3&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=87-95&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-510234-5&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerner2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verner, Miroslav (2005). "Die Sonnenheiligtümer der 5. Dynastie". <i>Sokar</i> (in German). <b>10</b>: 43–44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sokar&rft.atitle=Die+Sonnenheiligt%C3%BCmer+der+5.+Dynastie&rft.volume=10&rft.pages=43-44&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerner2007" class="citation web cs1">Verner, Miroslav (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716080439/http://www.archaeogate.org/egittologia/article/657/9/nuove-scoperte-archeologiche-nellarea-delle-piramidi-di.html">"New Archaeological Discoveries in the Abusir Pyramid Field: Sahure's causeway"</a>. <i>Archaeogate</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archaeogate.org/egittologia/article/657/9/nuove-scoperte-archeologiche-nellarea-delle-piramidi-di.html">the original</a> on 16 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archaeogate&rft.atitle=New+Archaeological+Discoveries+in+the+Abusir+Pyramid+Field%3A+Sahure%27s+causeway&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeogate.org%2Fegittologia%2Farticle%2F657%2F9%2Fnuove-scoperte-archeologiche-nellarea-delle-piramidi-di.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerner2012" class="citation journal cs1">Verner, Miroslav (2012). "Pyramid towns of Abusir". <i>Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur</i>. <b>41</b>: 407–410. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41812236">41812236</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studien+zur+Alt%C3%A4gyptischen+Kultur&rft.atitle=Pyramid+towns+of+Abusir&rft.volume=41&rft.pages=407-410&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41812236%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Verner&rft.aufirst=Miroslav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Beckerath1999" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_von_Beckerath" title="Jürgen von Beckerath">von Beckerath, Jürgen</a> (1999). <i>Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen</i>. Münchner ägyptologische Studien (in German). Vol. 49. Mainz: Philip von Zabern. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-2591-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8053-2591-2"><bdi>978-3-8053-2591-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+%C3%A4gyptischen+K%C3%B6nigsnamen&rft.place=Mainz&rft.series=M%C3%BCnchner+%C3%A4gyptologische+Studien&rft.pub=Philip+von+Zabern&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-3-8053-2591-2&rft.aulast=von+Beckerath&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaddell1971" class="citation book cs1">Waddell, William Gillan (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/manethowithengli00maneuoft#page/n85/mode/2up"><i>Manetho</i></a>. Loeb classical library, 350. Cambridge, Massachusetts; London: Harvard University Press; W. Heinemann. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/6246102">6246102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manetho&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts%3B+London&rft.series=Loeb+classical+library%2C+350&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press%3B+W.+Heinemann&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F6246102&rft.aulast=Waddell&rft.aufirst=William+Gillan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmanethowithengli00maneuoft%23page%2Fn85%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkinson2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Toby_Wilkinson" title="Toby Wilkinson">Wilkinson, Toby</a> (2000). <i>Royal annals of ancient Egypt : the Palermo Stone and its associated fragments</i>. Studies in Egyptology. London: Kegan Paul International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-71-030667-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-71-030667-8"><bdi>978-0-71-030667-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+annals+of+ancient+Egypt+%3A+the+Palermo+Stone+and+its+associated+fragments&rft.place=London&rft.series=Studies+in+Egyptology&rft.pub=Kegan+Paul+International&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-71-030667-8&rft.aulast=Wilkinson&rft.aufirst=Toby&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeferirkare+Kakai" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neferirkare_Kakai&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Neferirkare_Kakai" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">King of Egypt</a> </b><br />c. 2477 – c. 2460 BC </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a> (most likely) or <a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pharaohs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pharaohs" title="Template:Pharaohs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pharaohs" title="Template talk:Pharaohs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pharaohs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pharaohs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pharaohs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaohs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Protodynastic_to_First_Intermediate_Period_(" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a> to <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<3150–2040 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(pre-3150 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hedju_Hor" title="Hedju Hor">Hedju Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny-Hor" title="Ny-Hor">Ny-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ni-Neith" title="Ni-Neith">Ni-Neith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hat-Hor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hat-Hor">Hat-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu (pharaoh)">Pu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hsekiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsekiu">Hsekiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Khayu">Khayu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiu (pharaoh)">Tiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thesh">Thesh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neheb" class="mw-redirect" title="Neheb">Neheb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wazner">Wazner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mekh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekh">Mekh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Falcon" title="Double Falcon">Double Falcon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wash_(pharaoh)" title="Wash (pharaoh)">Wash</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_(pharaoh)" title="A (pharaoh)">A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finger_Snail" title="Finger Snail">Finger Snail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fish_(pharaoh)" title="Fish (pharaoh)">Fish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_(pharaoh)" title="Elephant (pharaoh)">Elephant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stork_(pharaoh)" title="Stork (pharaoh)">Stork</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bull_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull (pharaoh)">Bull</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_I" title="Scorpion I">Scorpion I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_(pharaoh)" title="Crocodile (pharaoh)">Crocodile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iry-Hor" title="Iry-Hor">Iry-Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka_(pharaoh)" title="Ka (pharaoh)">Ka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_II" title="Scorpion II">Scorpion II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(3150–2686 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">Hor-Aha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djet" title="Djet">Djet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anedjib" title="Anedjib">Anedjib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semerkhet" title="Semerkhet">Semerkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27a" title="Qa'a">Qa'a</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sneferka" title="Sneferka">Sneferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Bird_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horus Bird (Pharaoh)">Horus Bird</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotepsekhemwy" title="Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebra_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebra (Pharaoh)">Nebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nynetjer" title="Nynetjer">Nynetjer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ba_(pharaoh)" title="Ba (pharaoh)">Ba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nubnefer" title="Nubnefer">Nubnefer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Sa" title="Horus Sa">Horus Sa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(pharaoh)" title="Weneg (pharaoh)">Weneg-Nebty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjenes" title="Wadjenes">Wadjenes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senedj" title="Senedj">Senedj</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth-Peribsen" title="Seth-Peribsen">Seth-Peribsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemib-Perenmaat" title="Sekhemib-Perenmaat">Sekhemib-Perenmaat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkara_I" title="Neferkara I">Neferkara I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkasokar" title="Neferkasokar">Neferkasokar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudjefa_I" title="Hudjefa I">Hudjefa I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2686–2181 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka">Nebka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaba" title="Khaba">Khaba</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sedjes" title="Sedjes">Sedjes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qahedjet" title="Qahedjet">Qahedjet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Snefru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefre" title="Djedefre">Djedefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khafre" title="Khafre">Khafre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bikheris" title="Bikheris">Bikheris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkaure" title="Menkaure">Menkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thamphthis" title="Thamphthis">Thamphthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Neferirkare Kakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Djedkare Isesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Userkare" title="Userkare">Userkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_I_Meryre" title="Pepi I Meryre">Pepi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_I" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf I">Merenre Nemtyemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare" title="Pepi II Neferkare">Pepi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_II" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf II">Merenre Nemtyemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netjerkare_Siptah" title="Netjerkare Siptah">Netjerkare Siptah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferka" title="Neferka">Neferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nefer#Pharaoh" title="Nefer">Nefer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">1<sup>st</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2181–2040 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">VII</a>/<a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">VIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menkare" title="Menkare">Menkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_II" title="Neferkare II">Neferkare II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Neby" title="Neferkare Neby">Neferkare III Neby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Shemai" title="Djedkare Shemai">Djedkare Shemai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Khendu" title="Neferkare Khendu">Neferkare IV Khendu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenhor" title="Merenhor">Merenhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin" title="Neferkamin">Neferkamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikare" title="Nikare">Nikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Tereru" title="Neferkare Tereru">Neferkare V Tereru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkahor" title="Neferkahor">Neferkahor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Pepiseneb" title="Neferkare Pepiseneb">Neferkare VI Pepiseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin_Anu" title="Neferkamin Anu">Neferkamin Anu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ibi" title="Qakare Ibi">Qakare Iby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkaure" title="Neferkaure">Neferkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkauhor" title="Neferkauhor">Neferkauhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare">Neferirkare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjkare" title="Wadjkare">Wadjkare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khuiqer" title="Khuiqer">Khuiqer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khui" title="Khui">Khui</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iytjenu" title="Iytjenu">Iytjenu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">IX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryibre_Khety" title="Meryibre Khety">Meryibre Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare,_ninth_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Neferkare, ninth dynasty">Neferkare VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebkaure_Khety" title="Nebkaure Khety">Nebkaure Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setut" title="Setut">Setut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imhotep_(pharaoh)" title="Imhotep (pharaoh)">Imhotep</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">X</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryhathor" title="Meryhathor">Meryhathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_VIII" title="Neferkare VIII">Neferkare VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahkare_Khety" title="Wahkare Khety">Wahkare Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikare" title="Merikare">Merykare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Middle_Kingdom_and_Second_Intermediate_Period_(2040–1550_BC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (2040–1550 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2040–1802 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">XI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_I" title="Mentuhotep I">Mentuhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_I" title="Intef I">Intef I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_II" title="Intef II">Intef II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_III" title="Intef III">Intef III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_III" title="Mentuhotep III">Mentuhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_IV" title="Mentuhotep IV">Mentuhotep IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em">Nubia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segerseni" title="Segerseni">Segerseni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ini" title="Qakare Ini">Qakare Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyibkhentre" title="Iyibkhentre">Iyibkhentre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">XII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_II" title="Amenemhat II">Amenemhat II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_II" title="Senusret II">Senusret II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III" title="Amenemhat III">Amenemhat III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_IV" title="Amenemhat IV">Amenemhat IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seankhibtawy_Seankhibra" title="Seankhibtawy Seankhibra">Seankhibtawy Seankhibra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">2<sup>nd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1802–1550 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep" title="Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep">Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonbef" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonbef">Sonbef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerikare" title="Nerikare">Nerikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkare" title="Sekhemkare">Sekhemkare Amenemhat V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameny_Qemau" title="Ameny Qemau">Ameny Qemau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotepibre" title="Hotepibre">Hotepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iufni" title="Iufni">Iufni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenemhet VI">Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenkare_Nebnuni" title="Semenkare Nebnuni">Semenkare Nebnuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepibre" title="Sehetepibre">Sehetepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare" title="Sewadjkare">Sewadjkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedjemibre" title="Nedjemibre">Nedjemibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaankhre_Sobekhotep" title="Khaankhre Sobekhotep">Khaankhre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renseneb" title="Renseneb">Renseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor" title="Hor">Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemrekhutawy_Khabaw" title="Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw">Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkheperew" title="Djedkheperew">Djedkheperew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebkay" title="Sebkay">Sebkay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjefakare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedjefakare">Sedjefakare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wegaf" title="Wegaf">Wegaf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khendjer" title="Khendjer">Khendjer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imyremeshaw" title="Imyremeshaw">Imyremeshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepkare_Intef" title="Sehetepkare Intef">Sehetepkare Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Meribre" title="Seth Meribre">Seth Meribre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_III" title="Sobekhotep III">Sobekhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_I" title="Neferhotep I">Neferhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihathor" title="Sihathor">Sihathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV" title="Sobekhotep IV">Sobekhotep IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Sobekhotep" title="Merhotepre Sobekhotep">Merhotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobekhotep VI">Khahotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahibre_Ibiau" title="Wahibre Ibiau">Wahibre Ibiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Merneferre Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Ini" title="Merhotepre Ini">Merhotepre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankhenre_Sewadjtu" title="Sankhenre Sewadjtu">Sankhenre Sewadjtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersekhemre_Ined" title="Mersekhemre Ined">Mersekhemre Ined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_Hori" title="Sewadjkare Hori">Sewadjkare Hori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkawre_Sobekhotep" title="Merkawre Sobekhotep">Merkawre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mershepsesre_Ini_II" title="Mershepsesre Ini II">Mershepsesre Ini II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewahenre_Senebmiu" title="Sewahenre Senebmiu">Sewahenre Senebmiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkheperre" title="Merkheperre">Merkheperre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkare" title="Merkare">Merkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep" title="Sewadjare Mentuhotep">Sewadjare Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seheqenre_Sankhptahi" title="Seheqenre Sankhptahi">Seheqenre Sankhptahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Yakbim Sekhaenre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ammu_Nubwoserre" title="Ya'ammu Nubwoserre">Ya'ammu Nubwoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qareh">Qareh Khawoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aahotepre" class="mw-redirect" title="Aahotepre">'Ammu Ahotepre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheshi" title="Sheshi">Maaibre Sheshi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehesy" title="Nehesy">Nehesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakherewre" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakherewre">Khakherewre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebefawre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebefawre">Nebefawre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehebre" title="Sehebre">Sehebre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merdjefare" title="Merdjefare">Merdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_III" title="Sewadjkare III">Sewadjkare III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebdjefare" title="Nebdjefare">Nebdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebsenre" title="Nebsenre">Nebsenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekheperenre" title="Sekheperenre">Sekheperenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebnum" title="Bebnum">Bebnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Apepi" title="'Apepi">'Apepi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuya" title="Nuya">Nuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazad" title="Wazad">Wazad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheneh_(pharaoh)" title="Sheneh (pharaoh)">Sheneh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenshek" title="Shenshek">Shenshek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khamure" title="Khamure">Khamure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakareb" title="Yakareb">Yakareb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaqub-Har" title="Yaqub-Har">Yaqub-Har</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharek" title="Sharek">Sharek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semqen" title="Semqen">Semqen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aperanat" title="Aperanat">'Aper-'Anati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakir-Har" title="Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yanassi" title="Yanassi">Yanassi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apepi" title="Apepi">Apepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djehuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Djehuti">Djehuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VIII" title="Sobekhotep VIII">Sobekhotep VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_III" title="Neferhotep III">Neferhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seankhenre_Mentuhotepi" title="Seankhenre Mentuhotepi">Mentuhotepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiryraw_I" title="Nebiryraw I">Nebiryraw I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiriau_II" title="Nebiriau II">Nebiriau II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenre" title="Semenre">Semenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebiankh" title="Bebiankh">Bebiankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Shedwast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekhemre Shedwast">Sekhemre Shedwast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_I" title="Dedumose I">Dedumose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_II" title="Dedumose II">Dedumose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedankhre_Montemsaf" title="Djedankhre Montemsaf">Montuemsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merankhre_Mentuhotep" title="Merankhre Mentuhotep">Merankhre Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senusret_IV" title="Senusret IV">Senusret IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pepi_III" title="Pepi III">Pepi III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Senebkay" title="Senebkay">Senebkay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wepwawetemsaf" title="Wepwawetemsaf">Wepwawetemsaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pantjeny" title="Pantjeny">Pantjeny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snaaib" title="Snaaib">Snaaib</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahotep" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahotep">Rahotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebmaatre" title="Nebmaatre">Nebmaatre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_I" title="Sobekemsaf I">Sobekemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_II" title="Sobekemsaf II">Sobekemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubkheperre_Intef" title="Nubkheperre Intef">Nubkheperre Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senakhtenre_Ahmose" title="Senakhtenre Ahmose">Senakhtenre Ahmose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seqenenre_Tao" title="Seqenenre Tao">Seqenenre Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="New_Kingdom_and_Third_Intermediate_Period_(1550–664_BC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (1550–664 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Pharaohs  <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(male</span></li><li><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">female<sup>♀</sup>)</span></li><li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1550–1070 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_II" title="Amenhotep II">Amenhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_I" title="Ramesses I">Ramesses I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenmesse" title="Amenmesse">Amenmesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siptah" title="Siptah">Siptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twosret" class="mw-redirect" title="Twosret">Twosret</a><sup>♀</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">XX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Setnakhte" title="Setnakhte">Setnakhte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IV" title="Ramesses IV">Ramesses IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_V" title="Ramesses V">Ramesses V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VI" title="Ramesses VI">Ramesses VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VII" title="Ramesses VII">Ramesses VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VIII" title="Ramesses VIII">Ramesses VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IX" title="Ramesses IX">Ramesses IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_X" title="Ramesses X">Ramesses X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">3<sup>rd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1069–664 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smendes" title="Smendes">Smendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemnisu" title="Amenemnisu">Amenemnisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemope_(pharaoh)" title="Amenemope (pharaoh)">Amenemope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_the_Elder" title="Osorkon the Elder">Osorkon the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamun" title="Siamun">Siamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Amun" title="High Priest of Amun">High Priests of Amun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herihor" title="Herihor">Herihor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piankh" title="Piankh">Piankh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masaharta" title="Masaharta">Masaharta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkhonsuefankh" title="Djedkhonsuefankh">Djedkhonsuefankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkheperre" title="Menkheperre">Menkheperre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smendes_II" title="Smendes II">Smendes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_II" title="Pinedjem II">Pinedjem II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_III" title="Psusennes III">Psusennes III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">XXII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_I" title="Osorkon I">Osorkon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_II" title="Shoshenq II">Shoshenq II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tutkheperre_Shoshenq" title="Tutkheperre Shoshenq">Tutkheperre Shoshenq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_I" title="Takelot I">Takelot I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_II" title="Osorkon II">Osorkon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_III" title="Shoshenq III">Shoshenq III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_IV" title="Shoshenq IV">Shoshenq IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami" title="Pami">Pami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_V" title="Shoshenq V">Shoshenq V</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_II" title="Pedubast II">Pedubast II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_IV" title="Osorkon IV">Osorkon IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">XXIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harsiese_A" title="Harsiese A">Harsiese A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_II" title="Takelot II">Takelot II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_I" title="Pedubast I">Pedubast I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iuput_I" title="Iuput I">Iuput I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VI" title="Shoshenq VI">Shoshenq VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_III" title="Osorkon III">Osorkon III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_III" title="Takelot III">Takelot III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudamun" title="Rudamun">Rudamun</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VII" title="Shoshenq VII">Shoshenq VII</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ini_(pharaoh)" title="Ini (pharaoh)">Menkheperre Ini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht" title="Tefnakht">Tefnakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakenranef" title="Bakenranef">Bakenranef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">XXV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piye" title="Piye">Piye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebitku" title="Shebitku">Shebitku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabaka" title="Shabaka">Shabaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taharqa" title="Taharqa">Taharqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tanutamun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Late_to_Roman_Period_(664_BC–313_AD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a> to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(664 BC–313 AD)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(664–332 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammeris" title="Ammeris">Ammeris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht_II" title="Tefnakht II">Tefnakht II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nekauba" title="Nekauba">Nekauba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_I" title="Necho I">Necho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_II" title="Necho II">Necho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" title="Psamtik II">Psamtik II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apries" title="Apries">Wahibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasis_II" title="Amasis II">Ahmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">XXVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petubastis_III" title="Petubastis III">Petubastis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psammetichus_IV" title="Psammetichus IV">Psammetichus IV</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amyrtaeus" title="Amyrtaeus">Amyrtaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_I" title="Nepherites I">Nepherites I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakor" title="Hakor">Hakor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammuthes" title="Psammuthes">Psammuthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_II" title="Nepherites II">Nepherites II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muthis" title="Muthis">Muthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">XXX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teos_of_Egypt" title="Teos of Egypt">Teos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabash" title="Khabash">Khabash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arses_of_Persia" title="Arses of Persia">Arses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(332–30 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III Arrhidaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice II">Berenice II Euergetes</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_Philopator" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoe III Philopator">Arsinoe III Philopator</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I Syra</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II" title="Cleopatra II">Cleopatra II</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III" title="Cleopatra III">Cleopatra III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_IV" title="Cleopatra IV">Cleopatra IV</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III" title="Berenice III">Berenice III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V" title="Cleopatra V">Cleopatra V</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice IV of Egypt">Berenice IV Epiphaneia</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI_Tryphaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VI Tryphaena">Cleopatra VI Tryphaena</a></i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII Philopator</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV" title="Arsinoe IV">Arsinoe IV</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIV Philopator">Ptolemy XIV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV Caesarion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(30 BC–313 AD)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="XXXIV" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">XXXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pescennius_Niger" title="Pescennius Niger">Pescennius Niger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadumenian" title="Diadumenian">Diadumenian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus Thrax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_II" title="Gordian II">Gordian II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balbinus" title="Balbinus">Balbinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrianus_Minor" title="Macrianus Minor">Macrianus Minor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quietus" title="Quietus">Quietus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Mussius_Aemilianus" title="Lucius Mussius Aemilianus">Lucius Mussius Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius Gothicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_(emperor)" title="Tacitus (emperor)">Tacitus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Numerian" title="Numerian">Numerian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus Daza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dynastic_genealogies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dynastic genealogies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="First Dynasty of Egypt family tree">1<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li>2<sup>nd</sup></li> <li>3<sup>rd</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">4<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt family tree">11<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">12<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">18<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">19<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">20<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st,_22nd_%26_23rd_dynasties_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="21st, 22nd & 23rd dynasties of Egypt family tree">21<sup>st</sup> to 23<sup>rd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">24<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">25<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">26<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">27<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">30<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">31<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty#Family_tree" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic family tree">Ptolemaic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs" title="List of pharaohs">List of pharaohs</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268576#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q268576#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/1027159474207327661661">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/304913150">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PCjH48k8KxGMbtqMHyqjCry">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/115874286X">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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