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<li id="toc-Two_original_founders_depart,_new_CEO,_and_the_eBay_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Two_original_founders_depart,_new_CEO,_and_the_eBay_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Two original founders depart, new CEO, and the eBay years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Two_original_founders_depart,_new_CEO,_and_the_eBay_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_and_Silver_Lake" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_and_Silver_Lake"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Independence and Silver Lake</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_and_Silver_Lake-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Microsoft_subsidiary_(2011–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Microsoft_subsidiary_(2011–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Microsoft subsidiary (2011–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Microsoft_subsidiary_(2011–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Palo_Alto_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palo_Alto_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Palo Alto office</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palo_Alto_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legal_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legal_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legal issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legal issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legal_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-P2P_licensing_dispute_lawsuit_and_IPO" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#P2P_licensing_dispute_lawsuit_and_IPO"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>P2P licensing dispute lawsuit and IPO</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-P2P_licensing_dispute_lawsuit_and_IPO-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_intellectual_property_challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_intellectual_property_challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Other intellectual property challenges</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Other_intellectual_property_challenges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Other intellectual property challenges subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Other_intellectual_property_challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Streamcast_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Streamcast_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Streamcast lawsuit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Streamcast_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IDT_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IDT_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>IDT lawsuit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IDT_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GPL_lawsuit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GPL_lawsuit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>GPL lawsuit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-GPL_lawsuit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Political issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Political_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Political issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Political_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China_2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China_2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>China 2005</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China_2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France_2005" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France_2005"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>France 2005</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France_2005-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States,_CALEA_2006" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States,_CALEA_2006"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>United States, CALEA 2006</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States,_CALEA_2006-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States,_Transparency,_and_PRISM_2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States,_Transparency,_and_PRISM_2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>United States, Transparency, and PRISM 2013</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States,_Transparency,_and_PRISM_2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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hreflang="it" data-title="Microsoft Skype Division" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skype_Technologies" title="Skype Technologies – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Skype Technologies" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Skype_Division" title="Microsoft Skype Division – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Microsoft Skype Division" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a 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For the instant messaging client, see <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Skype Technologies S.A.R.L</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Skype_logo_(2019%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Skype_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg/220px-Skype_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Skype_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg/330px-Skype_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Skype_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg/440px-Skype_logo_%282019%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category">Subsidiary</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Telecommunications</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">2003<span class="noprint">; 21 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2003</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Janus_Friis" title="Janus Friis">Janus Friis</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Niklas_Zennstr%C3%B6m" title="Niklas Zennström">Niklas Zennström</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Deepak Kashyap</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">Videotelephony</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Online_chat" title="Online chat">Online chat</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Business_telephone_system" title="Business telephone system">Business VoIP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">185,000,000 United States dollar (2009) <span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246125?uselang=en#P2139" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 788 <small>(2010)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> (2011-present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GroupMe" title="GroupMe">GroupMe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skype.com/">skype.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Skype Technologies </b> (also known as <b>Skype Software</b>, <b>Skype Communications</b>, <b>Skype Inc.</b>, and <b>Skype Limited</b>) is a telecommunications company headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg (city)">Luxembourg City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>, whose chief business is the manufacturing and marketing of the <a href="/wiki/Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">video chat</a> and <a href="/wiki/Instant_messaging" title="Instant messaging">instant messaging</a> computer software program <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Internet_telephony" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet telephony">Internet telephony</a> services associated with it.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> purchased the company in 2011, and it has since then operated as their wholly owned subsidiary;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as of 2016, it is operating as part of Microsoft's Office Product Group. The company is a <i><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_%C3%A0_responsabilit%C3%A9_limit%C3%A9e" title="Société à responsabilité limitée">société à responsabilité limitée</a></i>, or SARL, equivalent to an American <a href="/wiki/Limited_liability_company" title="Limited liability company">limited liability company</a>. </p><p>Skype, a <a href="/wiki/Voice_over_IP" title="Voice over IP">voice over IP</a> (VoIP) service, was first released in 2003 as a way to make free computer-to-computer calls, or reduced-rate calls from a computer to telephones. Support for paid services such as calling landline/mobile phones from Skype (formerly called SkypeOut), allowing landlines and mobile phones to call Skype (formerly called SkypeIn and now Skype Number), and voice messaging generates the majority of Skype's revenue. </p><p><a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a> acquired Skype Technologies S.A. in September 2005 and in April 2009 announced plans to spin it off in a 2010 <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a> (IPO).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Lake Partners">Silver Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andreessen_Horowitz" title="Andreessen Horowitz">Andreessen Horowitz</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Canada_Pension_Plan_Investment_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada Pension Plan Investment Board">Canada Pension Plan Investment Board</a> announced the acquisition of 65% of Skype for $1.9 billion from <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a>, valuing the business at $2.75 billion. Skype was acquired by Microsoft in May 2011 for $8.5 billion (~$11.4 billion in 2023). </p><p>As of 2010, Skype is available in 27 languages and has 660 million worldwide users, an average of over 100 million active each month,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has faced challenges to its intellectual property amid political concerns by governments wishing to control telecommunications systems within their borders. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Skype was founded in 2003 by <a href="/wiki/Janus_Friis" title="Janus Friis">Janus Friis</a> from Denmark and <a href="/wiki/Niklas_Zennstr%C3%B6m" title="Niklas Zennström">Niklas Zennström</a> from Sweden,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having its headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> with offices now in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, Frankfurt, <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a>, Stockholm, London, <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto" class="mw-redirect" title="Palo Alto">Palo Alto</a>, Prague,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Redmond,_Washington" title="Redmond, Washington">Redmond, Washington</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>The Skype software was originally developed by Estonians <a href="/wiki/Ahti_Heinla" title="Ahti Heinla">Ahti Heinla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priit_Kasesalu" title="Priit Kasesalu">Priit Kasesalu</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jaan_Tallinn" title="Jaan Tallinn">Jaan Tallinn</a>, who together with <a href="/wiki/Janus_Friis" title="Janus Friis">Janus Friis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Niklas_Zennstr%C3%B6m" title="Niklas Zennström">Niklas Zennström</a> were also behind the peer-to-peer file sharing software <a href="/wiki/Kazaa" title="Kazaa">Kazaa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2003, Skype.com and Skype.net domain names were registered.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2003, the first public beta version was released.</li></ul> <ul><li>One of the initial names for the project was "Sky peer-to-peer", which was then abbreviated to "Skyper". However, some of the domain names associated with "Skyper" were already taken.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dropping the final "r" left the current title "Skype", for which domain names were available.<sup id="cite_ref-nameorigin_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nameorigin-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skype-icon1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Skype-icon1.png/220px-Skype-icon1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Skype-icon1.png/330px-Skype-icon1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Skype-icon1.png/440px-Skype-icon1.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="454" /></a><figcaption>The Skype logo from 2006 to 2012</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In September 2005, SkypeOut was banned in China.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October of the same year, <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a> purchased Skype<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for $2.6 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (In 2011, the <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a></i> estimated the purchase price at $3.1 billion, not $2.6 billion.)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In December 2005, <a href="/wiki/Videotelephony" title="Videotelephony">videotelephony</a> was introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Skype_phone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Skype_phone.jpg/220px-Skype_phone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Skype_phone.jpg/330px-Skype_phone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Skype_phone.jpg/440px-Skype_phone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>A Skype phone manufactured by SMC Networks (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2006</span>)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In April 2006, the number of registered users reached 100 million. In October 2006, Skype 2.0 for Mac was released, the first full release of Skype with video for Macintosh, and in December, Skype announced a new pricing structure, with connection fees for all SkypeOut calls.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skype 3.0 for Windows was released.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>In 2006, a feature called "Skypecasting" was introduced as a beta. It allowed recordings of Skype <a href="/wiki/Voice_over_IP" title="Voice over IP">voice over IP</a> voice calls and <a href="/wiki/Teleconference" title="Teleconference">teleconferences</a> to be used as <a href="/wiki/Podcasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Podcasts">podcasts</a>. Skypecasting remained in beta until it was discontinued on 1 September 2008. Skypecasts hosted public conference calls for up to 100 people at a time. Unlike ordinary Skype p2p conference calls, Skypecasts supported moderation features suitable for panel discussions, lectures, and town hall forums. Skype operated a directory of public Skypecasts.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Throughout 2007, updates (3.1, 3.2, and 3.5) added new features including Skype Find, Skype Prime, Send Money (which allowed users to send money via <a href="/wiki/PayPal" title="PayPal">PayPal</a> from one Skype user to another), video in mood, inclusion of video content in chat, call transfer to another person or a group, and auto-redial. Skype 2.7.0.49 (beta) for Mac OS X released adding availability of contacts in the Mac Address Book to the Skype contact list, auto redial, contact groups, public chat creation, and an in-window volume slider in the call window. During several days in August, Skype users were unable to connect to full Skype network in many countries<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because of a Skype system-wide crash which was the result of exceptional number of logins after a Windows patch reboot ("<a href="/wiki/Patch_Tuesday" title="Patch Tuesday">Patch Tuesday</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November, there was controversy when it was announced that users allocated certain London <a href="/wiki/020" title="020">020</a> numbers (specifically those beginning '7870') would lose them, after negotiations with the provider of this batch of numbers broke down.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>By early 2008, the tumultuous ownership relations between the founders and eBay had resulted in significant leadership churn, with a succession of Skype presidents including Niklas Zennström, Rajiv Dutta, Alex Kazim, Niklas Zennström (again), and Henry Gomez, all holding that title at various points between 2005 and 2007. The business had failed to meet certain earn-out targets, growth was decelerating, product development had slowed significantly, and in October 2007 eBay took a $1.4 billion 'impairment' on the value of Skype, admitting it had overpaid, and now valuing the company at about $2.7 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>In October 2008, analysis revealed TOM-skype — the Chinese version of Skype run by TOM Online — sends content of text messages and encryption keys to monitoring servers.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Two_original_founders_depart,_new_CEO,_and_the_eBay_years"><span id="Two_original_founders_depart.2C_new_CEO.2C_and_the_eBay_years"></span>Two original founders depart, new CEO, and the eBay years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Two original founders depart, new CEO, and the eBay years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>For the six months after the departure of Zennström and Friis, Michael van Swaaij led the company as interim CEO, until the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Josh_Silverman" title="Josh Silverman">Josh Silverman</a> in February 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Silverman was "widely viewed as bringing in stability to Skype after a tumultuous phase that followed the exit of the two Skype co-founders."<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Silverman's two-and-a-half-year tenure, the company focused its product efforts around video calling, ubiquity (gaining high penetration on smartphones, PCs, TVs, and consumer-electronic devices), building tailored offerings for enterprise customers, and diversifying revenue through subscriptions, premium accounts, and advertising.</li></ul> <ul><li>In advancing this strategy, Skype released many new products, substantially revamping its flagship <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> software (3.8 -> 4.0), and its <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> software; while introducing new software products for smartphones, and consumer electronics. In 2009, Skype 4.0 was released, featuring full-screen high-quality video calling.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Linux client was updated, and an <a href="/wiki/IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> application was launched which topped the charts with over 1M downloads in its first two days.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skype also announced the launch of its software for the <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a> platform.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>During this period Skype also discontinued lesser-used services such as support for the "Skype Me" presence indicator, which meant that a user was interested in receiving Skype calls from a non-contact. Skype also discontinued its SkypeCast service without explanation and added internal monthly and daily usage caps on their SkypeOut subscriptions, which had been advertised as "unlimited". Skype also discontinued its "dragonfly" feature, a community-generated yellow-pages product, and other features which were deemed to be under-performing or a distraction to management. Many users and observers had commented on the high rate of dropped calls and the difficulty reconnecting dropped calls. Updates including versions for the <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PSP</a> hand-held gaming system, version 2.0 for Linux with support for video-conferencing.</li></ul> <ul><li>As part of its efforts to diversify revenues, Skype launched in April 2008 <i>Skype for <a href="/wiki/Session_Initiation_Protocol" title="Session Initiation Protocol">SIP</a></i>, a service aimed at business users. At that time around 35 per cent of Skype's users were business users.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In targeted premium products to consumers, Skype launched new monthly premium subscriptions products in May 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Marketing efforts were also re-vamped, with a particular focus on innovative partnerships with TV broadcasters to integrate Skype into their programming. <a href="/wiki/The_Oprah_Winfrey_Show" title="The Oprah Winfrey Show">The Oprah Winfrey Show</a> began using Skype regularly to host video calls between Oprah and her viewers at home, culminating in a show dedicated exclusively to the wonders of Skype ("where the Skype are You", aired first in May 2009).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Skype also became commonly used by network news stations around the world, as a cost-effective replacement for sending <a href="/wiki/Satellite_truck" title="Satellite truck">satellite trucks</a>, and enabling fast response from citizen journalists. Skype was also integrated into scripted TV programming, such as <a href="/wiki/Californication_(TV_series)" title="Californication (TV series)">Californication</a>; and in the seventh season of the U.S. syndicated version of the British game show <i><a href="/wiki/Who_Wants_To_Be_a_Millionaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Who Wants To Be a Millionaire">Who Wants To Be a Millionaire</a></i> in a new <i>Ask the Expert</i> video chat lifeline.</li></ul> <ul><li>These efforts led to accelerating growth of Skype's Connected Users and Paying Users and by 2009 Skype was adding about 380,000 new users each day.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the end of 2009 Skype was generating around <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>740 <a href="/wiki/Million" class="mw-redirect" title="Million">million</a> in revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-techcrunch_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-techcrunch-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>In January 2010, Josh Silverman was recognized for his accomplishments at Skype by being named First Runner Up in the TechCrunch "Crunchies" award for "Best CEO", beaten only by <a href="/wiki/Mark_Pincus" title="Mark Pincus">Mark Pincus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Zynga" title="Zynga">Zynga</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_and_Silver_Lake">Independence and Silver Lake</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Independence and Silver Lake"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Building on the revitalization which had begun in 2008, <a href="/wiki/EBay" title="EBay">eBay</a> announced, in April 2009, plans to spin off Skype through an initial public offering in 2010.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-spinoff_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spinoff-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WSJskype_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJskype-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joltid,_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joltid, Ltd. (page does not exist)">Joltid, Ltd.</a> filed a motion with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, seeking to terminate a licensing agreement with eBay which allowed eBay (and therefore Skype) to use the <i>peer-to-peer communications technology</i> on which Skype is based. If successful, this could have caused a shutdown of Skype as it existed, and made an <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">IPO</a> challenging to execute.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In September, eBay announced the sale of 65 per cent of Skype to a consortium of <a href="/wiki/Index_Ventures" title="Index Ventures">Index Ventures</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Lake Partners">Silver Lake Partners</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early in September, Skype shut down the Extras developer program.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November, Skype settled the Joltid litigation and acquired all Skype technology in exchange for equity in the company<sup id="cite_ref-joltidsettlement_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-joltidsettlement-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and eBay completed the sale of 70% of Skype to a consortium comprising Silver Lake Partners, Joltid, <a href="/wiki/CPP_Investment_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="CPP Investment Board">CPPIB</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andreessen_Horowitz" title="Andreessen Horowitz">Andreessen Horowitz</a> for approximately $2 billion, valuing the entire business at US$2.75 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-ebayinc1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ebayinc1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>In May 2010, Skype 5.0 beta was released, with a capacity to support group video calls involving up to four participants. Also in May, Skype released an updated client for the Apple iPhone that allowed Skype calls to be made over a 3G network. Originally, a <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> call subscription plan was to be instituted in 2011, but Skype eventually dropped the plan.<sup id="cite_ref-3gfeedropped_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3gfeedropped-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rounding out its ubiquity push, Skype also announced deep integration of Skype software into the IP-connected TVs from <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>In June 2010, following the rapid departure of Daniel Berg, the chief technology officer, and then chief development officer Madhu Yarlagadda, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Gillett" title="Mark Gillett">Mark Gillett</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Operating_partner" title="Operating partner">operating partner</a> at Silver Lake Partners, assumed the role of chief development officer, taking responsibility for development of Skype's client software, cloud services, and product management following a period of several months working closely with Joshua Silverman to drive the transformation of the business, and the acceleration of cross-platform and mobile product delivery.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <ul><li>With its newfound independence and under ownership, Skype's growth accelerated<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by 2010, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Telegeography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telegeography (page does not exist)">Telegeography</a> estimated that Skype accounted for 25 per cent of the world's international calling minutes. According to their research, the overall international calling market grew a tepid 5 to 6 per cent annually in 2010. "Skype, however, has seen a huge uptick in growth, particularly in the last two years."<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>On 9 August 2010, Skype filed with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Securities and Exchange Commission">United States Securities and Exchange Commission</a> (SEC) to raise up to US$100 million in an <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">initial public offering</a>. Sources reported that the company expected to raise at least US$1 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2010, Skype announced the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bates" title="Tony Bates">Tony Bates</a> as CEO; Bates was a senior VP at <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a> and was responsible for its multibillion-dollar enterprise, commercial, and small business division.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 14 October 2010, Skype 5.0 for Windows was released with a number of improvements and feature additions, including a Facebook tab to allow users to SMS, chat with, or call their Facebook friends via Skype from the News Feed.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Search for Skype Users" option was omitted from this version.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>On 14 January 2011, Skype acquired <a href="/wiki/Qik" class="mw-redirect" title="Qik">Qik</a>, a mobile video-sharing platform.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 2011, Skype named Jonathan Chadwick as its new chief financial officer and confirmed that Mark Gillett would serve full-time as chief development and operating officer<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> following the departure of chief financial and administrative officer Adrian Dillon.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Microsoft_subsidiary_(2011–present)"><span id="Microsoft_subsidiary_.282011.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Microsoft subsidiary (2011–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Microsoft subsidiary (2011–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CES_2012_-_Skype_Lounge_(6764011261).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/CES_2012_-_Skype_Lounge_%286764011261%29.jpg/200px-CES_2012_-_Skype_Lounge_%286764011261%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/CES_2012_-_Skype_Lounge_%286764011261%29.jpg/300px-CES_2012_-_Skype_Lounge_%286764011261%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/CES_2012_-_Skype_Lounge_%286764011261%29.jpg/400px-CES_2012_-_Skype_Lounge_%286764011261%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Skype lounge at <a href="/wiki/CES_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="CES 2012">CES 2012</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>On 10 May 2011, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> announced it had agreed to <a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Microsoft" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft">acquire</a> Skype for $8.5 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This marked a 300% increase in value for the company in the three years since the eBay write-down in October 2007. This constitutes Microsoft's second largest acquisition to date.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was announced that Skype will become a division within Microsoft, with Skype's former CEO <a href="/wiki/Tony_Bates" title="Tony Bates">Tony Bates</a> —now its president— reporting to Microsoft CEO <a href="/wiki/Steve_Ballmer" title="Steve Ballmer">Steve Ballmer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The price Microsoft agreed to pay for the company is 32 times Skype's operating profits.<sup id="cite_ref-FT-buyout_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT-buyout-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i> this raises fears of a new "tech bubble".<sup id="cite_ref-FT-buyout_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FT-buyout-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a> and the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> have questioned the value for Microsoft in the purchase.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ars-buyout_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ars-buyout-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft's acquisition of Skype got EU approval on 7 October 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>In October 2012, one year after the closure of the Skype acquisition, the newly formed Skype Division took responsibility for Microsoft's other VoIP and Unified Communications product <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Lync" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Lync">Microsoft Lync</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>On 11 July 2013, Microsoft's then-CEO Steve Ballmer announced a reorganization of Microsoft along functional lines and with four engineering groups each led by a senior leader.<sup id="cite_ref-Microsoft_Reorg_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Microsoft_Reorg-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft's new Applications and Services Group, led by executive vice president <a href="/wiki/Qi_Lu_(computer_scientist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qi Lu (computer scientist)">Qi Lu</a> was to include Skype along with Bing and Microsoft Office.<sup id="cite_ref-Qi_Lu_Profile_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qi_Lu_Profile-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>  Following a period where the strategy for the Skype business as a part of the broader Microsoft portfolios including Office 365 was established, and Skype's share of the international communications market rose to 36 percent (over 214 billion minutes),<sup id="cite_ref-Skype_traffic_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Skype_traffic-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mark_Gillett" title="Mark Gillett">Mark Gillett</a> announced that he would be leaving Microsoft to return to <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Lake Partners">Silver Lake</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>In September 2016, after Qi Lu stepped down from Microsoft, Skype and Office became part of the Office Product Group, led by Rajesh Jha. The other part of the former Apps and Services Group (which includes Bing) became part of a new AI and Research Group.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Between 2020 and 2023, Skype lost daily users.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Palo_Alto_office">Palo Alto office</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Palo Alto office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Skype North American headquarters was opened in early 2013, after the design was completed by San Francisco architect firm Blitz. Located in <a href="/wiki/Palo_Alto,_California" title="Palo Alto, California">Palo Alto, California</a>, the space is designed to encourage interaction and spontaneity, while also introducing a sense of humor into the workplace. Fake lawn, cushions that look like boulders, open spaces, and high ceilings accommodate 250 employees in a 5,000 square metres (54,000 sq ft) building. The Palo Alto headquarters also houses a games room complete with a pool table and <a href="/wiki/Table_football" title="Table football">table football</a> machine. The office's silver LEED Silver certification means that it received between 50 and 59 points for its environmentally friendly construction.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_issues">Legal issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legal issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="P2P_licensing_dispute_lawsuit_and_IPO">P2P licensing dispute lawsuit and IPO</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: P2P licensing dispute lawsuit and IPO"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In its 2008 Annual Report, eBay admitted to an ongoing dispute between it and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joltid_Ltd.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joltid Ltd. (page does not exist)">Joltid Ltd.</a> over the licensing of its peer-to-peer "Global Index" technology in its application.<sup id="cite_ref-dispute_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dispute-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It announced that it terminated a <a href="/wiki/Standstill_agreement" title="Standstill agreement">standstill agreement</a>, allowing either company to sue. On 1 April 2009, eBay filed with a UK court to settle the legal dispute. A few days later, eBay announced the planning of a <a href="/wiki/Initial_public_offering" title="Initial public offering">public stock offering</a> in 2010 to spin off Skype as a separate, publicly owned company.<sup id="cite_ref-spinoff_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spinoff-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some media outlets characterized the proposed sale and ongoing provision of Skype as being under threat because of the concurrent dispute.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 September 2009, a group of investors led by <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Lake Partners">Silver Lake</a> bought 65% of Skype for $1.91 billion (~$2.64 billion in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This prompted Joltid to countersue eBay on 17 September 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both settled the simultaneous suits in November, resulting in Joltid's part-ownership of the newly formed Skype Limited. The final holding share were with Silver Lake reducing their share to 56%, Joltid entered at 14%, and eBay retained 30%.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_intellectual_property_challenges">Other intellectual property challenges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other intellectual property challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Streamcast_lawsuit">Streamcast lawsuit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Streamcast lawsuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/StreamCast_Networks" title="StreamCast Networks">StreamCast Networks</a> filed a complaint in U.S. District Court in Los Angeles, alleging theft of its peer-to-peer technology and violation of the "Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations" statute. The complaint, titled; StreamCast Networks Inc v. Skype Technologies, S.A., was filed on 20 January 2006 in Federal Court in the Central District of California and assigned Case Number, 2:2006cv00391. The $4.1 billion lawsuit did not name Skype's parent company, eBay, when initially filed. Streamcast's lawsuit was subsequently amended on 22 May 2006 to include eBay and 21 other-party defendants. </p><p>In its lawsuit, Streamcast sought a worldwide injunction on the sale and marketing of eBay's Skype Internet voice communication products, as well as billions of dollars in unspecified damages. The lawsuit was finally dismissed in a decision filed on 19 January 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IDT_lawsuit">IDT lawsuit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: IDT lawsuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 1 June 2006, <a href="/wiki/Net2Phone" title="Net2Phone">Net2Phone</a> (the Internet telephone unit of <a href="/wiki/IDT_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="IDT Corp.">IDT Corp.</a>) filed a lawsuit against eBay and Skype accusing the unit of infringing <span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US6108704">U.S. patent 6,108,704</a></span>, which was granted in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lawsuit was settled between the parties in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GPL_lawsuit">GPL lawsuit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: GPL lawsuit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2007 Skype was found to be guilty by a German court of violating the <a href="/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License" title="GNU General Public License">GNU General Public License</a> in one of its for-sale products, the SMC WSKP100.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_issues">Political issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Political issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="China_2005">China 2005</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: China 2005"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Skype was one of many companies (others include <a href="/wiki/AOL" title="AOL">AOL</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo" title="Yahoo">Yahoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a>) which cooperate with the Chinese government in implementing a system of <a href="/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_mainland_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet censorship in mainland China">Internet censorship in mainland China</a>. Critics of such policies argue that it is <a href="/wiki/Wrong" class="mw-redirect" title="Wrong">wrong</a> for companies to profit from censorship and restrictions on <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">freedom of the press</a> and <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a>. Human rights advocates such as <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> and media groups such as <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> speculate that if companies stopped contributing to the authorities' censorship efforts, the government could be pressured to change.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Niklas Zennström, then chief executive of Skype, told reporters that its joint venture partner in China was operated in compliance with domestic law. "<a href="/wiki/TOM_Online" title="TOM Online">TOM Online</a> had implemented a text filter, which is what everyone else in that market is doing," said Zennström. "Those are the regulations," he said. "I may like or not like the laws and regulations to operate businesses in the UK or Germany or the US, but if I do business there I choose to comply with those laws and regulations. I can try to lobby to change them, but I need to comply with them. China in that way is not different."<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France_2005">France 2005</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: France 2005"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2005, the French <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Higher_Education_and_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Higher Education and Research">Ministry of Research</a>, acting on advice from the General Secretariat of National Defence, issued an official disapproval of the use of Skype in public research and higher education; some services are interpreting this decision as an outright ban. The exact reasons for the decision were not given. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States,_CALEA_2006"><span id="United_States.2C_CALEA_2006"></span>United States, CALEA 2006</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: United States, CALEA 2006"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) successfully applied the <a href="/wiki/Communications_Assistance_for_Law_Enforcement_Act" title="Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act">Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act</a> to allow <a href="/wiki/Wiretapping" title="Wiretapping">wiretapping</a> on digital phone networks. Skype was not compliant with the Act, and stated that it does not plan to comply.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States,_Transparency,_and_PRISM_2013"><span id="United_States.2C_Transparency.2C_and_PRISM_2013"></span>United States, Transparency, and PRISM 2013</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: United States, Transparency, and PRISM 2013"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in November 2010, Skype has been participating in a U.S. Government spy program titled <a href="/wiki/PRISM_(surveillance_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="PRISM (surveillance program)">PRISM</a>, allowing the <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a> (NSA) unfettered access to people's chats and video and audio communications. However, it was not until February 2011 that the company was formally served with a directive to comply, signed by the attorney general.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2013, the company issued transparency reports.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> confirming long held beliefs that Skype responds to requests from governments. Microsoft's General Counsel wrote to the US Attorney General, outlining the company's concerns in July 2013 in a<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> blog from Brad Smith including a copy of the letter to the US attorney. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/21px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/32px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/42px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Luxembourg" title="Portal:Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/19px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/29px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Skype_features" title="List of Skype features">List of Skype features</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skype.com/en/about/">"About Skype"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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McGraw Hill. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/jun2006/nf2006066_9375.htm">the original</a> on 10 June 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Week&rft.atitle=Skype+Under+Attack&rft.date=2006-06-06&rft.au=Pallavi+Gogoi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fbwdaily%2Fdnflash%2Fjun2006%2Fnf2006066_9375.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASkype+Technologies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/ebay-skype-idt-and-net2phone-settle-lawsuits/">"eBay, Skype, IDT, and Net2Phone Settle Lawsuits"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Financial Times. 18 April 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221211231227/https://www.ft.com/content/875630d4-cef9-11da-925d-0000779e2340">Archived</a> from the original on 11 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FT.com&rft.atitle=Skype+says+texts+are+censored+by+China&rft.date=2006-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F875630d4-cef9-11da-925d-0000779e2340.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASkype+Technologies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070504020521/http://www.voip-news.com/news/features/skype-calea-compliance-061206/">"Can Skype Keep Its Secrets?"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.voip-news.com/news/features/skype-calea-compliance-061206/">the original</a> on 4 May 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Can+Skype+Keep+Its+Secrets%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.voip-news.com%2Fnews%2Ffeatures%2Fskype-calea-compliance-061206%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASkype+Technologies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/11/microsoft-nsa-collaboration-user-data">"How Microsoft handed the NSA access to encrypted messages"</a>. <i>World news</i>. The Guardian. 12 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft&rft.atitle=Microsoft+2012+Law+Enforcement+Requests+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.microsoft.com%2Fabout%2Fcorporatecitizenship%2Fen-us%2Freporting%2Ftransparency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASkype+Technologies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.technet.com/b/microsoft_on_the_issues/archive/2013/07/16/responding-to-government-legal-demands-for-customer-data.aspx">"Blog from Brad Smith including a copy of the letter to the US attorney"</a>. 29 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blog+from+Brad+Smith+including+a+copy+of+the+letter+to+the+US+attorney&rft.date=2020-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.technet.com%2Fb%2Fmicrosoft_on_the_issues%2Farchive%2F2013%2F07%2F16%2Fresponding-to-government-legal-demands-for-customer-data.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASkype+Technologies" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Skype_Technologies&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skype.com/">Skype.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://preply.com/en/blog/skype-learning-and-rosetta-stone-all-pros-and-cons-you-should-know/">Skype Learning and Rosetta Stone: All Pros and Cons You Should Know</a> (2017; updated 3 August 2023)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Microsoft" title="Template:Microsoft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Microsoft" title="Template talk:Microsoft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microsoft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microsoft_Corporation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft Corporation</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Microsoft" title="History of Microsoft">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Microsoft" title="Outline of Microsoft">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board of directors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> (Chairman and CEO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reid_Hoffman" title="Reid Hoffman">Reid Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandi_Peterson" title="Sandi Peterson">Sandi Peterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penny_Pritzker" title="Penny Pritzker">Penny Pritzker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_A._Rodriguez" title="Carlos A. Rodriguez">Carlos A. Rodriguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scharf" title="Charles Scharf">Charles Scharf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stanton" title="John W. Stanton">John W. Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Thompson" title="John W. Thompson">John W. Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Walmsley" title="Emma Walmsley">Emma Walmsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padmasree_Warrior" title="Padmasree Warrior">Padmasree Warrior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior leadership team</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Nadella" title="Satya Nadella">Satya Nadella</a> (CEO)</li> <li>Takeshi Numoto (CMO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Guthrie" title="Scott Guthrie">Scott Guthrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_Dybeck_Happe" title="Carolina Dybeck Happe">Carolina Dybeck Happe</a> (COO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Hood" title="Amy Hood">Amy Hood</a> (CFO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Scott_(computer_scientist)" title="Kevin Scott (computer scientist)">Kevin Scott</a> (CTO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brad_Smith_(American_lawyer)" title="Brad Smith (American lawyer)">Brad Smith</a> (CLO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Shum" title="Harry Shum">Harry Shum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phil_Spencer_(business_executive)" title="Phil Spencer (business executive)">Phil Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Hogan" title="Kathleen Hogan">Kathleen Hogan</a> (CPO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Corporate VPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Belfiore" title="Joe Belfiore">Joe Belfiore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rashid" title="Richard Rashid">Richard Rashid</a> (SVP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Cernuda" title="César Cernuda">César Cernuda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employee groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_LGBTQIA%2B_Employee_%26_Allies_at_Microsoft" title="Global LGBTQIA+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft">Global LGBTQIA+ Employee & Allies at Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_and_unions" title="Microsoft and unions">Microsoft and unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_hardware" title="Microsoft hardware">Hardware</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azure_Kinect" title="Azure Kinect">Azure Kinect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_HoloLens" title="Microsoft HoloLens">HoloLens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LifeCam" title="LifeCam">LifeCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Surface" title="Microsoft Surface">Surface</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Duo" title="Surface Duo">Duo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Go" title="Surface Go">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Hub" title="Surface Hub">Hub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Laptop" title="Surface Laptop">Laptop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Laptop_Go" title="Surface Laptop Go">Laptop Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Neo" title="Surface Neo">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Pro" title="Surface Pro">Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surface_Studio" title="Surface Studio">Studio</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox" title="Xbox">Xbox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Microsoft_software" title="List of Microsoft software">Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Dynamics_365" title="Microsoft Dynamics 365">Dynamics 365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havok_(software)" title="Havok (software)">Havok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_365" title="Microsoft 365">Microsoft 365</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Office" title="Microsoft Office">Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Teams" title="Microsoft Teams">Teams</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_and_open_source" title="Microsoft and open source">Open source software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Platform" title="Microsoft Power Platform">Power Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Servers" title="Microsoft Servers">Servers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Start" title="Microsoft Start">Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_(chatbot)" title="Tay (chatbot)">Tay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">Visual Studio Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_system_software" title="Xbox system software">Xbox OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming<br />languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC">BASIC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(.NET)" title="Visual Basic (.NET)">VB.NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">VBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C/AL" title="C/AL">C/AL a.k.a. Navision Attain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="F Sharp (programming language)">F#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Programming_Language" title="Microsoft Visual Programming Language">MVPL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Power_Fx" title="Microsoft Power Fx">Power Fx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerShell" title="PowerShell">PowerShell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q_Sharp" title="Q Sharp">Q#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transact-SQL" title="Transact-SQL">Transact-SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visual_J%2B%2B" title="Visual J++">Visual J++</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Visual_J_Sharp" title="Visual J Sharp">Visual J#</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Web properties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Azure" title="Microsoft Azure">Azure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bing" title="Microsoft Bing">Bing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Copilot" title="Microsoft Copilot">Copilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Learn" title="Microsoft Learn">Learn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_9_(Microsoft)" title="Channel 9 (Microsoft)">Channel 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Developer_Network" title="Microsoft Developer Network">Developer Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_TechNet" title="Microsoft TechNet">TechNet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn" title="LinkedIn">LinkedIn</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LinkedIn_Learning" title="LinkedIn Learning">LinkedIn Learning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN" title="MSN">MSN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlook.com" title="Outlook.com">Outlook.com</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store" title="Microsoft Store">Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Translator" title="Microsoft Translator">Translator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Company</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conferences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Build" title="Microsoft Build">Build</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Ignite" title="Microsoft Ignite">Ignite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Inspire" title="Microsoft Inspire">Inspire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MIX_(Microsoft)" title="MIX (Microsoft)">MIX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Professional_Developers_Conference" title="Professional Developers Conference">PDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windows_Hardware_Engineering_Conference" title="Windows Hardware Engineering Conference">WinHEC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/.NET_Foundation" title=".NET Foundation">.NET Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Digital_Crimes_Unit" title="Microsoft Digital Crimes Unit">Digital Crimes Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_engineering_groups" title="Microsoft engineering groups">Engineering groups</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Mobile" title="Microsoft Mobile">Mobile</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Skype unit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Gaming" title="Microsoft Gaming">Gaming</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_Game_Studios" title="Xbox Game Studios">Xbox Game Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZeniMax_Media" title="ZeniMax Media">ZeniMax Media</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Garage" title="Microsoft Garage">Garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outercurve_Foundation" title="Outercurve Foundation">Outercurve Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Store_(retail)" title="Microsoft Store (retail)">Retail stores</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Estates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_campus" title="Microsoft campus">Microsoft campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Egypt">Microsoft Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_India" title="Microsoft India">Microsoft India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Japan" title="Microsoft Japan">Microsoft Japan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Where_do_you_want_to_go_today%3F" title="Where do you want to go today?">Where do you want to go today?</a>" (1994)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Champagne_(advertisement)" title="Champagne (advertisement)">Champagne</a>" (2002)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mojave_Experiment" title="Mojave Experiment">Mojave Experiment</a>" (2006)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27m_a_PC" title="I'm a PC">I'm a PC</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Scroogled" title="Scroogled">Scroogled</a>" (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft" title="Criticism of Microsoft">Criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bundling_of_Microsoft_Windows" title="Bundling of Microsoft Windows">Bundling of Microsoft Windows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Assistant" title="Office Assistant">Clippy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILoo#Reaction" title="ILoo">iLoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Explorer#Security_vulnerabilities" title="Internet Explorer">Internet Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Bob" title="Microsoft Bob">Microsoft Bob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSAKEY" title="NSAKEY">_NSAKEY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Microsoft_Windows" title="Criticism of Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_XP" title="Criticism of Windows XP">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_Vista" title="Criticism of Windows Vista">Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Windows_10" title="Criticism of Windows 10">10</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_litigation" title="Microsoft litigation">Litigation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alcatel-Lucent_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft Corp.">Alcatel-Lucent v. Microsoft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Computer,_Inc._v._Microsoft_Corp." title="Apple Computer, Inc. v. Microsoft Corp.">Apple v. Microsoft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Commission" title="Microsoft Corp. v. Commission">Microsoft v. Commission</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FTC_v._Microsoft" title="FTC v. Microsoft">FTC v. Microsoft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Lindows.com,_Inc." title="Microsoft Corp. v. Lindows.com, Inc.">Microsoft v. Lindows</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_v._MikeRoweSoft" title="Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft">Microsoft v. MikeRoweSoft</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._Shah" title="Microsoft Corp. v. Shah">Microsoft v. Shah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Microsoft_Corp." title="United States v. Microsoft Corp.">United States v. Microsoft</a></i> (2001 antitrust case)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corp._v._United_States" title="Microsoft Corp. v. United States">Microsoft v. United States</a></i> (2018 data privacy case)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Microsoft" title="List of mergers and acquisitions by Microsoft">Acquisitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wunderlist" title="Wunderlist">6Wunderkinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Access_Software" title="Access Software">Access Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acompli" title="Acompli">Acompli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acquisition_of_Activision_Blizzard_by_Microsoft" title="Acquisition of Activision Blizzard by Microsoft">acquisition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altamira_Software" title="Altamira Software">Altamira Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AltspaceVR" title="AltspaceVR">AltspaceVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AQuantive" title="AQuantive">aQuantive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Amalga" title="Microsoft Amalga">Azyxxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixer_(service)" title="Mixer (service)">Beam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Ribbon_SoundWorks" title="The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks">The Blue Ribbon SoundWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bungie" title="Bungie">Bungie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipchamp" title="Clipchamp">Clipchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colloquis" title="Colloquis">Colloquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsion_Games" title="Compulsion Games">Compulsion Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connectix" title="Connectix">Connectix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consumers_Software" title="Consumers Software">Consumers Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danger,_Inc." title="Danger, Inc.">Danger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Fine" title="Double Fine">Double Fine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSN_Travel" title="MSN Travel">Farecast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FASA_Studio" title="FASA Studio">FASA Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Development_Center_Norway" title="Microsoft Development Center Norway">Fast Search & Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_(website)" title="Firefly (website)">Firefly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forethought,_Inc." title="Forethought, Inc.">Forethought</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Defender_Antivirus" title="Microsoft Defender Antivirus">GIANT Company Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains_Software" title="Great Plains Software">Great Plains Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GreenButton" title="GreenButton">GreenButton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groove_Networks" title="Groove Networks">Groove Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havok_(company)" title="Havok (company)">Havok Group</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High_Heat_Major_League_Baseball" title="High Heat 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