CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Feminism - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"fbb41c80-d0e1-49a1-a751-494741c49740","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Feminism","wgTitle":"Feminism","wgCurRevisionId":1257905343,"wgRevisionId":1257905343,"wgArticleId":11185,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 French-language sources (fr)","CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2012","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from June 2023","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 errors: bare URL","CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages", "Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages","Good articles","Use dmy dates from March 2022","Use Canadian English from April 2021","All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English","Pages using sidebar with the child parameter","Articles with excerpts","All articles with failed verification","Articles with failed verification from June 2023","Articles with dead external links from May 2023","Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia","Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2018","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Webarchive template wayback links","Feminism","1830s neologisms","Social theories","Feminist terminology"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Feminism","wgRelevantArticleId":11185, "wgIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":false,"wgRestrictionEdit":["autoconfirmed"],"wgRestrictionMove":["sysop"],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7252","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform", "platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.categoryTree.styles":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.categoryTree","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.categoryTree.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Feminism - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Feminism rootpage-Feminism skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Feminism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Feminism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Feminism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Feminism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 History </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle History subsection </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Terminology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waves" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waves"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Waves </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waves-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_and_early_20th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_and_early_20th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 19th and early 20th centuries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_and_early_20th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mid-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mid-20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Mid-20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mid-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Late 20th and early 21st centuries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Third-wave_feminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third-wave_feminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.1 Third-wave feminism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third-wave_feminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standpoint_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standpoint_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.2 Standpoint theory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standpoint_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fourth-wave_feminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fourth-wave_feminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5.3 Fourth-wave feminism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fourth-wave_feminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decolonial_feminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decolonial_feminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 Decolonial feminism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decolonial_feminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Postfeminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postfeminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6.1 Postfeminism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postfeminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Theory </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Movements_and_ideologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movements_and_ideologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Movements and ideologies </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Movements_and_ideologies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Movements and ideologies subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Movements_and_ideologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Liberal_feminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberal_feminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Liberal feminism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberal_feminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radical_feminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radical_feminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Radical feminism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radical_feminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Materialist_ideologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Materialist_ideologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Materialist ideologies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Materialist_ideologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_modern_feminisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_modern_feminisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Other modern feminisms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_modern_feminisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ecofeminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecofeminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.1 Ecofeminism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecofeminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Black_and_postcolonial_ideologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Black_and_postcolonial_ideologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.2 Black and postcolonial ideologies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Black_and_postcolonial_ideologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_constructionist_ideologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_constructionist_ideologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.3 Social constructionist ideologies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_constructionist_ideologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transgender_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transgender_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.4 Transgender people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transgender_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_movements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_movements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4.5 Cultural movements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_movements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sexuality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sexuality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Sexuality </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sexuality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sexuality subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sexuality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sex_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sex_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Sex industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sex_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Affirming_female_sexual_autonomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Affirming_female_sexual_autonomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Affirming female sexual autonomy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Affirming_female_sexual_autonomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Science </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Science-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Science subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biology_and_gender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biology_and_gender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Biology and gender </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biology_and_gender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feminist_psychology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feminist_psychology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Feminist psychology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feminist_psychology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Design </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Businesses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Businesses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Businesses </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Businesses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Visual arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Cinema </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Socialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Socialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Socialism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Socialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fascism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fascism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Fascism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fascism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_rights_movement_and_anti-racism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_rights_movement_and_anti-racism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Civil rights movement and anti-racism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_rights_movement_and_anti-racism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neoliberalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neoliberalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Neoliberalism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neoliberalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Societal_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Societal_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Societal impact </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Societal_impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Societal impact subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Societal_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civil_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Civil rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jurisprudence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jurisprudence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Jurisprudence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jurisprudence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Theology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Patriarchy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Patriarchy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Patriarchy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Patriarchy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Men_and_masculinity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Men_and_masculinity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.6 Men and masculinity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Men_and_masculinity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Reactions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pro-feminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pro-feminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Pro-feminism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pro-feminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anti-feminism_and_criticism_of_feminism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anti-feminism_and_criticism_of_feminism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Anti-feminism and criticism of feminism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anti-feminism_and_criticism_of_feminism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secular_humanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secular_humanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Secular humanism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secular_humanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-External_links-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle External links subsection </button> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.1 Articles </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Active_research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Active_research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.2 Active research </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Active_research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multimedia_and_documents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multimedia_and_documents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15.3 Multimedia and documents </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multimedia_and_documents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Feminism</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 161 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-161" aria-hidden="true" > 161 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismus" title="Feminismus – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Feminismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نسوية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نسوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismo" title="Feminismo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Feminismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Ֆեմինիզմ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ֆեմինիզմ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="নাৰীবাদ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="নাৰীবাদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismu" title="Feminismu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Feminismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C3%B1areko" title="Kuñareko – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuñareko" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizm" title="Feminizm – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Feminizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="فمینیزم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فمینیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="নারীবাদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নারীবাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BA-s%C3%A8ng-ch%C3%BA-g%C4%AB" title="Lú-sèng-chú-gī – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lú-sèng-chú-gī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Феминизм – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Феминизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Фемінізм – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Фемінізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Фэмінізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Фэмінізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="नारीवाद – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नारीवाद" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismo" title="Feminismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Feminismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Феминизъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Феминизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismus" title="Feminismus – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Feminismus" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizam" title="Feminizam – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Feminizam" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwregelouriezh" title="Gwregelouriezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwregelouriezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Феминизм – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Феминизм" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peminismo" title="Peminismo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Peminismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismus" title="Feminismus – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Feminismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffeministiaeth" title="Ffeministiaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffeministiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%85" title="فيمينيزم – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="فيمينيزم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisma" title="Feminisma – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Feminisma" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismus" title="Feminismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Feminismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Feminism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Φεμινισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φεμινισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Феминизм – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Феминизм" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismo" title="Feminismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Feminismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismo" title="Feminismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Feminismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismu" title="Feminismu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Feminismu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismo" title="Feminismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Feminismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="فمینیسم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فمینیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Feminism" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9minisme" title="Féminisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Féminisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feimineachas" title="Feimineachas – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Feimineachas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boireann-dhligheachas" title="Boireann-dhligheachas – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Boireann-dhligheachas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismo" title="Feminismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Feminismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%85" title="فمنيسم – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="فمنيسم" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%AC%EC%84%B1%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="여성주의 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="여성주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Feminism" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Ֆեմինիզմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆեմինիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="नारीवाद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नारीवाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizam" title="Feminizam – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Feminizam" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismo" title="Feminismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Feminismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peminismo" title="Peminismo – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Peminismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismo" title="Feminismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Feminismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Феминизм – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Феминизм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fem%C3%ADnismi" title="Femínismi – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Femínismi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femminismo" title="Femminismo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Femminismo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="פמיניזם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פמיניזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal%CA%8A_y%C9%94%C9%94_l%CA%8Ab%C9%A9y%C9%9B_l%C9%A9ma%C9%A3z%C9%A9y%C9%9B_(f%C3%A9minisme)" title="Halʊ yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ (féminisme) – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Halʊ yɔɔ lʊbɩyɛ lɩmaɣzɩyɛ (féminisme)" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ფემინიზმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფემინიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Феминизм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Феминизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufeministi" title="Ufeministi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ufeministi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminis" title="Feminis – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Feminis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9minism" title="Féminism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Féminism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fem%C3%AEn%C3%AEzm" title="Femînîzm – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Femînîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Феминизм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Феминизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B5" title="ຄະຕິນິຍົມສິດທິສະຕີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄະຕິນິຍົມສິດທິສະຕີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismus" title="Feminismus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Feminismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisms" title="Feminisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Feminisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismus" title="Feminismus – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Feminismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizmas" title="Feminizmas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Feminizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femisme" title="Femisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Femisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femminism" title="Femminism – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Femminism" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizmus" title="Feminizmus – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Feminizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="नारीवाद – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="नारीवाद" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Феминизам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Феминизам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%82" title="സ്ത്രീ സമത്വവാദം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്ത്രീ സമത്വവാദം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="स्त्रीवाद – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="स्त्रीवाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ფემინიზმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფემინიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%85" title="فيمينيزم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فيمينيزم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85" title="فیمینیسم – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="فیمینیسم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Femenismo" title="Femenismo – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Femenismo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%80%92" title="အမျိုးသမီးဝါဒ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အမျိုးသမီးဝါဒ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="नारीवाद – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="नारीवाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="मिसावाद – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मिसावाद" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8B%E3%82%BA%E3%83%A0" title="フェミニズム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フェミニズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Феминизм – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Феминизм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Feminism" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6" title="ନାରୀବାଦ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ନାରୀବାଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizm" title="Feminizm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Feminizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਨਾਰੀਵਾਦ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਾਰੀਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%85" title="فیمینزم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فیمینزم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%B0%E1%82%8F(%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%99%E1%80%B0%E1%82%8F)%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB%E1%82%8F%E1%80%92" title="စွိုးမူႏ(လိုꩻမူႏ)သီးဝါႏဒ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="စွိုးမူႏ(လိုꩻမူႏ)သီးဝါႏဒ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismo" title="Feminismo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Feminismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%85" title="فیمینزم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="فیمینزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizim" title="Feminizim – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Feminizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Feminism" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismus" title="Feminismus – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Feminismus" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizm" title="Feminizm – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Feminizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismo" title="Feminismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Feminismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizm" title="Feminizm – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Feminizm" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizm" title="Feminizm – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Feminizm" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Feminism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Фемінізм – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Фемінізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Феминизм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Феминизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Феминизм – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Феминизм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD" title="ᱱᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱱᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱫᱽ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="زنانیت – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="زنانیت" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismu" title="Feminismu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Feminismu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Feminism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizmi" title="Feminizmi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Feminizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fimminismu" title="Fimminismu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Fimminismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="ස්ත්‍රීවාදය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ස්ත්‍රීවාදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Feminism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="ناري واد – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ناري واد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizmus_(hnutie)" title="Feminizmus (hnutie) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Feminizmus (hnutie)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizem" title="Feminizem – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Feminizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyminizm" title="Fyminizm – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Fyminizm" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%8E%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="فێمینیزم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="فێمینیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Феминизам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Феминизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizam" title="Feminizam – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Feminizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9minisme" title="Féminisme – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Féminisme" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismi" title="Feminismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Feminismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Feminism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peminismo" title="Peminismo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Peminismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="பெண்ணியம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பெண்ணியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Феминизм – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Феминизм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%82" title="స్త్రీవాదం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="స్త్రీవాదం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="คตินิยมสิทธิสตรี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คตินิยมสิทธิสตรี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Феминизм – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Феминизм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizm" title="Feminizm – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Feminizm" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Фемінізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фемінізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="نسائیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نسائیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%DB%90%D9%85%D9%89%D9%86%D9%89%D8%B2%D9%85" title="فېمىنىزم – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فېمىنىزم" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizm" title="Feminizm – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Feminizm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%A7_ngh%C4%A9a_n%E1%BB%AF_quy%E1%BB%81n" title="Chủ nghĩa nữ quyền – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chủ nghĩa nữ quyền" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Feminism" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisse" title="Feminisse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Feminisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%AC%8A" title="女權 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="女權" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminismo" title="Feminismo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Feminismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="女性主义 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="女性主义" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="פעמיניזם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פעמיניזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Cj%C3%A0_f%E1%BA%B9%CC%81t%E1%BB%8D%CC%80%E1%BB%8D%CC%81_Ob%C3%ACnrin" title="Ìjà fẹ́tọ̀ọ́ Obìnrin – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ìjà fẹ́tọ̀ọ́ Obìnrin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="女性主義 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="女性主義" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminizm" title="Feminizm – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Feminizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fem%C4%97n%C4%97zmos" title="Femėnėzmos – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Femėnėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%B3%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="女性主義 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="女性主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewadonan" title="Kewadonan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kewadonan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminisme" title="Feminisme – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Feminisme" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7252#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Feminism" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Feminism">Read</a></li><li id="ca-viewsource" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminism&action=edit" title="This page is protected.
You can view its source [e]" accesskey="e">View source</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminism&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Feminism">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-viewsource" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminism&action=edit">View source</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminism&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Feminism" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Feminism" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminism&oldid=1257905343" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminism&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Feminism&id=1257905343&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFeminism">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFeminism">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Feminism&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feminism&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibooks mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Feminism" hreflang="en">Wikibooks</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikinews mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Feminism" hreflang="en">Wikinews</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Feminism" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7252" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Range of socio-political movements and ideologies</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Womanism" title="Womanism">Womanism</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Feminist" and "Feminists" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Feminist_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Feminist (disambiguation)">Feminist (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Feminist_philosophy" title="Category:Feminist philosophy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy" title="Feminist philosophy">Feminist philosophy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Feminist_philosophy.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="female symbol merged with a question mark"><img alt="female symbol merged with a question mark" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Feminist_philosophy.svg/100px-Feminist_philosophy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Feminist_philosophy.svg/150px-Feminist_philosophy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Feminist_philosophy.svg/200px-Feminist_philosophy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="764" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major works</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman" title="A Vindication of the Rights of Woman">A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Subjection_of_Women" title="The Subjection of Women">The Subjection of Women (1869)</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/The_Origin_of_the_Family,_Private_Property_and_the_State" title="The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State">The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State (1884)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Second_Sex" title="The Second Sex">The Second Sex (1949)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Feminine_Mystique" title="The Feminine Mystique">The Feminine Mystique (1963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Politics" title="Sexual Politics">Sexual Politics (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dialectic_of_Sex" title="The Dialectic of Sex">The Dialectic of Sex (1970)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce_Irigaray" title="Luce Irigaray">Speculum of the Other Woman (1974)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce_Irigaray" title="Luce Irigaray">This Sex Which is Not One (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Daly" title="Mary Daly">Gyn/Ecology (1978)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwing_Like_a_Girl" title="Throwing Like a Girl">Throwing Like a Girl (1980)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_a_Different_Voice" title="In a Different Voice">In a Different Voice (1982)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Politics_of_Reality" title="The Politics of Reality">The Politics of Reality (1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Women, Race, and Class (1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Theory:_From_Margin_to_Center" title="Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center">Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerda_Lerner" title="Gerda Lerner">The Creation of Patriarchy (1986)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toward_a_Feminist_Theory_of_the_State" title="Toward a Feminist Theory of the State">Toward a Feminist Theory of the State (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_Trouble" title="Gender Trouble">Gender Trouble (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_Personae" title="Sexual Personae">Sexual Personae (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Feminist_Thought" title="Black Feminist Thought">Black Feminist Thought (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Plumwood" title="Val Plumwood">Feminism and the Mastery of Nature (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipping_Girl" title="Whipping Girl">Whipping Girl (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Promise_of_Happiness" class="mw-redirect" title="The Promise of Happiness">The Promise of Happiness (2010)</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Major thinkers</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Bartky" title="Sandra Bartky">Bartky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annette_Baier" title="Annette Baier">Baier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">de Beauvoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Lee_Boggs" title="Grace Lee Boggs">Boggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Cixous" title="Hélène Cixous">Cixous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Cleyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juana_In%C3%A9s_de_la_Cruz" title="Juana Inés de la Cruz">De la Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Hill_Collins" title="Patricia Hill Collins">Collins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Daly" title="Mary Daly">Daly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Davis" title="Angela Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_D%C3%A9mar" title="Claire Démar">Démar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Dworkin" title="Andrea Dworkin">Dworkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvia_Federici" title="Silvia Federici">Federici</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shulamith_Firestone" title="Shulamith Firestone">Firestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Fourier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Frye" title="Marilyn Frye">Frye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%A9_de_Gamond" title="Zoé de Gamond">Gamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Goldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Grosz" title="Elizabeth Grosz">Grosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sally_Haslanger" title="Sally Haslanger">Haslanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luce_Irigaray" title="Luce Irigaray">Irigaray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alison_Jaggar" title="Alison Jaggar">Jaggar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_Kristeva" title="Julia Kristeva">Kristeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerda_Lerner" title="Gerda Lerner">Lerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Lorde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Lugones" title="Maria Lugones">Lugones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catharine_A._MacKinnon" title="Catharine A. MacKinnon">MacKinnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amina_Mama" title="Amina Mama">Mama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louise_Michel" title="Louise Michel">Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Taylor_Mill" title="Harriet Taylor Mill">Taylor Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Millett" title="Kate Millett">Millett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Nussbaum" title="Martha Nussbaum">Nussbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Paglia" title="Camille Paglia">Paglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Pankhurst" title="Sylvia Pankhurst">Pankhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carole_Pateman" title="Carole Pateman">Pateman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val_Plumwood" title="Val Plumwood">Plumwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayle_Rubin" title="Gayle Rubin">Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawal_El_Saadawi" title="Nawal El Saadawi">Saadawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Showalter" title="Elaine Showalter">Showalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerie_Solanas" title="Valerie Solanas">Solanas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gayatri_Chakravorty_Spivak" title="Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak">Spivak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Voilquin" title="Suzanne Voilquin">Voilquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monique_Wittig" title="Monique Wittig">Wittig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Wollstonecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Marion_Young" title="Iris Marion Young">Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Zetkin" title="Clara Zetkin">Zetkin</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Feminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_feminism" title="Analytical feminism">analytical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_epistemology" title="Feminist epistemology">epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_ethics" title="Feminist ethics">ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_existentialism" title="Feminist existentialism">existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_metaphysics" title="Feminist metaphysics">metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy_of_science" title="Feminist philosophy of science">science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_performativity" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender performativity">Gender performativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_care" title="Ethics of care">Care ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standpoint_theory" title="Standpoint theory">Standpoint theory</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Journals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Philosophy_Quarterly" title="Feminist Philosophy Quarterly">Feminist Philosophy Quarterly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypatia_(journal)" title="Hypatia (journal)">Hypatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PhiloSOPHIA" title="PhiloSOPHIA">philoSOPHIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Philosophy" title="Radical Philosophy">Radical Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signs_(journal)" title="Signs (journal)">Signs</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Category</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":20,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Feminist_philosophy" aria-expanded="false"></a> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminist_philosophy" title="Category:Feminist philosophy">Feminist philosophy</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Feminist_philosophy_sidebar" title="Template:Feminist philosophy sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Feminist_philosophy_sidebar" title="Template talk:Feminist philosophy sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Feminist_philosophy_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Feminist philosophy sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Feminism" title="Category:Feminism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Feminism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_symbol_(heavy_pink).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg/80px-Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg/120px-Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg/160px-Venus_symbol_%28heavy_pink%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_history" title="Feminist history">Feminist history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_feminism" title="History of feminism">History of feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_history" title="Women's history">Women's history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_States" title="History of women in the United States">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of women in the United Kingdom">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Canada" title="History of women in Canada">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Germany" title="History of women in Germany">German</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;;padding-top:0.2em;"> Waves</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism">First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-wave_feminism" title="Third-wave feminism">Third</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth-wave_feminism" title="Fourth-wave feminism">Fourth</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> Timelines</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage" title="Timeline of women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_first_women%27s_suffrage_in_majority-Muslim_countries" title="Timeline of first women's suffrage in majority-Muslim countries">Muslim countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States">US</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_legal_rights_(other_than_voting)" title="Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)">Other women's rights</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a> by country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Austria" title="Women's suffrage in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Australia" title="Women's suffrage in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Canada" title="Women's suffrage in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Colombia" title="Women's suffrage in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_India" title="Women's suffrage in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Japan" title="Women's suffrage in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Kuwait" title="Women's suffrage in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Liechtenstein" title="Women's suffrage in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand" title="Women's suffrage in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_Spanish_Second_Republic_period" title="Women's suffrage in the Spanish Second Republic period">Second Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Francoist_Spain_and_the_democratic_transition" title="Women's suffrage in Francoist Spain and the democratic transition">Francoist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Switzerland" title="Women's suffrage in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Women's suffrage in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Wales" title="Women's suffrage in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_states_of_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in states of the United States">states</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality#Feminist_thought" title="Intersectionality">Intersectional variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fat_feminism" title="Fat feminism">Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism#Lesbian_of_color_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian of color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_lesbianism" title="Radical lesbianism">Radical lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_separatism#Lesbian_separatism" title="Feminist separatism">Separatist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Transfeminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postgenderism" title="Postgenderism">Postgenderism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_ecofeminism" title="Vegetarian ecofeminism">Vegetarian ecofeminism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;;padding-top:0.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Socialist</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Anarchist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queer_anarchism" title="Queer anarchism">Queer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jineology" title="Jineology">Jineology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_feminism" title="Marxist feminism">Marxist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality#Marxist_feminist_critical_theory" title="Intersectionality">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standpoint_feminism" title="Standpoint feminism">Standpoint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialist_feminism" title="Materialist feminism">Materialist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism#Materialist_Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_feminism" title="Postcolonial feminism">Postcolonial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_feminism" title="Global feminism">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_feminism" title="Transnational feminism">Transnational</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenofeminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Xenofeminism">Xenofeminism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;;padding-top:0.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multicultural</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africana_womanism" title="Africana womanism">Africana womanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_feminism" title="Black feminism">Black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_feminism" title="Hip hop feminism">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism#Black_lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratchet_feminism" title="Ratchet feminism">Ratchet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicana_feminism" title="Chicana feminism">Chicana</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism#Chicana_lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_feminism" title="Indigenous feminism">Indigenous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_feminism" title="Native American feminism">Native American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_feminist_theory" title="Multiracial feminist theory">Multiracial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_feminism" title="Romani feminism">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanism" title="Womanism">Womanism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Other variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_feminism" title="Anti-abortion feminism">Anti-abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equity_feminism" title="Equity feminism">Equity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femonationalism" title="Femonationalism">Femonationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_feminism" title="Maternal feminism">Maternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postfeminism" title="Postfeminism">Postfeminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neofeminism" title="Neofeminism">Neofeminism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_feminism" title="Reactionary feminism">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_feminism" title="State feminism">State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carceral_feminism" title="Carceral feminism">Carceral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_feminism" title="Imperial feminism">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_feminism" title="Embedded feminism">Embedded</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism">Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victim_feminism" title="Victim feminism">Victim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_feminism" title="White feminism">White</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Religious variants</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atheist_feminism" title="Atheist feminism">Atheist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_feminism" title="Buddhist feminism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_feminism" title="Mormon feminism">Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_feminism" title="New feminism">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_feminist_theology" title="Asian feminist theology">Asian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Neopagan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dianic_Wicca" title="Dianic Wicca">Dianic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaiming_(Neopaganism)" title="Reclaiming (Neopaganism)">Reclaiming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism#Spiritual_Ecofeminism/Cultural_Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India#Hindu_community" title="Feminism in India">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish_feminism" title="Orthodox Jewish feminism">Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_feminism" title="Sikh feminism">Sikh</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_movements_and_ideologies" title="Feminist movements and ideologies">Movements and ideologies</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4B_movement" title="4B movement">4B movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_feminism" title="Analytical feminism">Analytical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantifa" title="Fantifa">Anti-fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-pornography_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-pornography feminism">Anti-pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberfeminism" title="Cyberfeminism">Cyberfeminism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_HCI" title="Feminist HCI">HCI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Networked_feminism" title="Networked feminism">Networked</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenic_feminism" title="Eugenic feminism">Eugenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_feminism" title="Lipstick feminism">Lipstick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_feminism#Stiletto_feminism" title="Lipstick feminism">Stiletto</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">Liberal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Difference_feminism" title="Difference feminism">Difference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_feminism" title="Equality feminism">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_feminism" title="Social feminism">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Labor_feminism" title="Labor feminism">Labor</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarian feminism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-structural_feminism" title="Post-structural feminism">Post-structural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_feminism" title="Postmodern feminism">Postmodern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">Radical</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_feminism" title="Cultural feminism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_lesbianism" title="Political lesbianism">Political lesbianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_separatism" title="Feminist separatism">Separatist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technofeminism" title="Technofeminism">Technofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">Women's liberation</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antinaturalism_(politics)" title="Antinaturalism (politics)">Antinaturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice_feminism" title="Choice feminism">Choice feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_labor" title="Cognitive labor">Cognitive labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_literature" title="Feminist literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_children%27s_literature" title="Feminist children's literature">Children's literature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity (politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_effects_on_society" title="Feminist effects on society">Effects on society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_equality" title="Feminism and equality">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_education" title="Female education">Female education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femicide" title="Femicide">Femicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femonationalism" title="Femonationalism">Femonationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_culture" title="Feminism in culture">Feminism in culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_movement" title="Feminist movement">Feminist movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">African-American women's suffrage movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip_hop" title="Feminist activism in hip hop">In hip hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_striptease" title="Feminist views on striptease">Feminist stripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Formal equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_quota" title="Gender quota">Gender quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_power" title="Girl power">Girl power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_killing" title="Honor killing">Honor killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideal_womanhood" title="Ideal womanhood">Ideal womanhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_labor" title="Invisible labor">Invisible labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_sexism" title="Internalized sexism">Internalized sexism</a></li> <li>International <a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_the_Girl_Child" title="International Day of the Girl Child">Girl's Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">Women's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_language_reform" title="Feminist language reform">Language reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_capitalism" title="Feminist capitalism">Feminist capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likeability_trap" title="Likeability trap">Likeability trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">Male privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchal_religion" title="Matriarchal religion">Matriarchal religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_media" title="Feminism and media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_feminism" title="Men in feminism">Men in feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Trans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_the_Oedipus_complex" title="Feminist views on the Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Opposition to feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-feminism" title="Pro-feminism">Pro-feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protofeminism" title="Protofeminism">Protofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purplewashing" title="Purplewashing">Purplewashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_racism" title="Feminism and racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_justice" title="Reproductive justice">Reproductive justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_workers%27_rights" title="Sex workers' rights">Sex workers' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_equality" title="Substantive equality">Substantive equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_masculinity" title="Toxic masculinity">Toxic masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_oppression" title="Triple oppression">Triple oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_women" title="War on women">War on women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_empowerment" title="Women's empowerment">Women's empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women-only_space" title="Women-only space">Women-only space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health" title="Women's health">Women's health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">Women's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_workforce" title="Women in the workforce">Women in the workforce</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Outlooks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycling_and_feminism" title="Bicycling and feminism">Bicycling and feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_marriage" title="Criticism of marriage">Criticism of marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_BDSM" title="Feminist views on BDSM">Views on BDSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_pornography" title="Feminist views on pornography">Views on pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_the_sex_industry" title="Feminist views on the sex industry">Views on prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_sexuality" title="Feminist views on sexuality">Views on sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_sexuality" title="Feminist views on sexuality">Views on sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_transgender_topics" title="Feminist views on transgender topics">Views on transgender topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCUM_Manifesto" title="SCUM Manifesto">SCUM Manifesto</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory" title="Feminist theory">Theory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_method" title="Feminist method">Feminist method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_mainstreaming" title="Gender mainstreaming">Gender mainstreaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynocentrism" title="Gynocentrism">Gynocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriarchy" title="Kyriarchy">Kyriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_gaze" title="Male gaze">Male gaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchy" title="Matriarchy">Matriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_studies" title="Women's studies">Women's studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_studies" title="Men's studies">Men's studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture_f%C3%A9minine" title="Écriture féminine">Écriture féminine</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> Areas of study</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_anthropology" title="Feminist anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_archaeology" title="Feminist archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_modern_architecture" title="Feminism and modern architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art" title="Feminist art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_criticism" title="Feminist art criticism">Art criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_literary_criticism" title="Feminist literary criticism">Literary criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_film_theory" title="Feminist film theory">Film theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Science fiction</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_biology" title="Feminist biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory_in_composition_studies" title="Feminist theory in composition studies">Composition studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_school_of_criminology" title="Feminist school of criminology">Criminology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pathways_perspective" title="Feminist pathways perspective">Pathways perspective</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_economics" title="Feminist economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_post-structuralist_discourse_analysis" title="Feminist post-structuralist discourse analysis">FDPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_geography" title="Feminist geography">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_international_relations" title="Feminism in international relations">International relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_constructivism" title="Feminist constructivism">Constructivism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_legal_theory" title="Feminist legal theory">Legal theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pedagogy" title="Feminist pedagogy">Pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy" title="Feminist philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_aesthetics" title="Feminist aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_empiricism" title="Feminist empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_epistemology" title="Feminist epistemology">Epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_ethics" title="Feminist ethics">Ethics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_justice_ethics" title="Feminist justice ethics">Justice ethics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_existentialism" title="Feminist existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_metaphysics" title="Feminist metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy_of_science" title="Feminist philosophy of science">science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_ecology" title="Feminist political ecology">Political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_theory" title="Feminist political theory">Political theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pornography" title="Feminist pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_psychology" title="Feminist psychology">Psychology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_therapy" title="Feminist therapy">Therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_revisionist_mythology" title="Feminist revisionist mythology">Revisionist mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">Sex wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sexology" title="Feminist sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sociology" title="Feminist sociology">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_technoscience" title="Feminist technoscience">Technoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">womanist theology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">By continent/country</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_feminism" title="African feminism">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Egypt" title="Feminism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Senegal" title="Feminism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Africa" title="Feminism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Australia" title="Feminism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Bangladesh" title="Feminism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Canada" title="Feminism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_China" title="Feminism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Denmark" title="Women in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_France" title="Feminism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Germany" title="Feminism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Greece" title="Feminism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India" title="Feminism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Indonesia" title="Feminism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Feminism in the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Israel" title="Feminism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Italy" title="Feminism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Japan" title="Feminism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Latin_America" title="Feminism in Latin America">Latin America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Argentina" title="Feminism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Brazil" title="Feminism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Chile" title="Feminism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Mexico" title="Feminism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Women in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Lebanon" title="Women in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Malaysia" title="Feminism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Nepal" title="Feminism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Feminism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_New_Zealand" title="Feminism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Norway" title="Feminism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Poland" title="Feminism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Russia" title="Feminism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Feminism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Korea" title="Feminism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Sweden" title="Feminism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Syria" title="Women in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Taiwan" title="Feminism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Thailand" title="Feminism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Vietnam" title="Women in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ukraine" title="Women in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Feminism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_States" title="Feminism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_States" title="History of women in the United States">History of women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content-with-subgroup plainlist" style="padding-top:0;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Lists and categories</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar-subgroup"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> Lists</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_feminism_articles" title="Index of feminism articles">Articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminists" title="List of feminists">Feminists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminists_by_nationality" title="Category:Feminists by nationality">by nationality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_literature" title="List of feminist literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_feminist_literature" title="List of American feminist literature">American feminist literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_comic_books" title="List of feminist comic books">Feminist comic books</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_anthems" title="List of feminist anthems">Feminist songs</a></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_variants_of_feminism" title="Conservative variants of feminism">Conservative feminisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecofeminist_authors" title="List of ecofeminist authors">Ecofeminist authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_art_critics" title="List of feminist art critics">Feminist art critics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_economists" title="List of feminist economists">Feminist economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_philosophers" title="List of feminist philosophers">Feminist philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_poets" title="List of feminist poets">Feminist poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_rhetoricians" title="List of feminist rhetoricians">Feminist rhetoricians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_feminists" title="List of Jewish feminists">Jewish feminists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_feminists" title="List of Muslim feminists">Muslim feminists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_parties" title="List of feminist parties">Feminist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suffragists_and_suffragettes" title="List of suffragists and suffragettes">Suffragists and suffragettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_rights_activists" title="List of women's rights activists">Women's rights activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_studies_journals" title="List of women's studies journals">Women's studies journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's suffrage organizations">Women's suffrage organizations</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;font-weight:normal;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;"> Categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Women%27s_rights_by_country" title="Category:Women's rights by country">Women's rights by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminists_by_nationality" title="Category:Feminists by nationality">Feminists by nationality</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/28px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/42px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/56px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Feminism" title="Portal:Feminism">Feminism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Feminism_sidebar" title="Template:Feminism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Feminism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Feminism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Feminism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Feminism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:#ffdd99;p">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:175%; line-height:1.0em; background:#ffdd99;"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.5em 0"><a href="/wiki/File:Emojione_1F6AB.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/70px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/105px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emojione_1F6AB.svg/140px-Emojione_1F6AB.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Forms</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Attributes</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Social</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">national</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Manifestations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Policies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus">Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Countermeasures</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li>Feminism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;background:#ffdd99;padding-left:0.4em;text-align:left;font-size:110%;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><div class="hlist"> <div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul></div></div> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination_sidebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Feminism is a range of socio-<a href="/wiki/Political_movement" title="Political movement">political movements</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ideology" title="Ideology">ideologies</a> that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">equality of the sexes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELengermannNiebrugge2010223-3">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mendus-4">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hawkesworth-5">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beasley-6">[5]</a> Feminism holds the position that modern societies are <a href="/wiki/Patriarchal" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarchal">patriarchal</a>—they prioritize the male point of view—and that women are treated unjustly in these societies.<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a> Efforts to change this include fighting against <a href="/wiki/Gender_stereotypes" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender stereotypes">gender stereotypes</a> and improving educational, professional, and interpersonal opportunities and outcomes for women. Originating in late 18th-century Europe, <a href="/wiki/Feminist_movement" title="Feminist movement">feminist movements</a> have campaigned and continue to campaign for <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">women's rights</a>, including the right to <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">vote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nomination_rules" title="Nomination rules">run for public office</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right_to_work" title="Right to work">work</a>, earn <a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">equal pay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">own property</a>, <a href="/wiki/Right_to_education" title="Right to education">receive education</a>, enter into <a href="/wiki/Contract" title="Contract">contracts</a>, have equal rights within <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maternity_leave" class="mw-redirect" title="Maternity leave">maternity leave</a>. Feminists have also worked to ensure access to <a href="/wiki/Contraception" class="mw-redirect" title="Contraception">contraception</a>, legal <a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion">abortions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">social integration</a>; and to protect women and girls from <a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">sexual assault</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Domestic_violence" title="Domestic violence">domestic violence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Echols-8">[7]</a> Changes in female dress standards and acceptable physical activities for women have also been part of feminist movements.<a href="#cite_note-Distillations-9">[8]</a> Many scholars consider feminist campaigns to be a main force behind major historical <a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">societal changes</a> for women's rights, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">the West</a>, where they are near-universally credited with achieving <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gender-neutral_language" title="Gender-neutral language">gender-neutral language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">reproductive rights</a> for women (including access to contraceptives and <a href="/wiki/Support_for_the_legalization_of_abortion" class="mw-redirect" title="Support for the legalization of abortion">abortion</a>), and the right to enter into contracts and own property.<a href="#cite_note-Messer-Davidow-10">[9]</a> Although feminist advocacy is, and has been, mainly focused on women's rights, some argue for the inclusion of <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_liberation" class="mw-redirect" title="Men's liberation">men's liberation</a> within its aims, because they believe that men are also harmed by traditional <a href="/wiki/Gender_roles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender roles">gender roles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hooks-11">[10]</a> <a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory" title="Feminist theory">Feminist theory</a>, which emerged from feminist movements, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women's social roles and lived experiences. Feminist theorists have developed theories in a variety of disciplines in order to respond to issues concerning gender.<a href="#cite_note-Chodorow1989-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-gilligan1977-13">[12]</a> Numerous feminist movements and ideologies have developed over the years, representing different viewpoints and political aims. Traditionally, since the 19th century, <a href="/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism">first-wave</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">liberal feminism</a>, which sought political and legal equality through <a href="/wiki/Political_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Political reform">reforms</a> within a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democratic</a> framework, was contrasted with <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">labour</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Proletarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proletarian">proletarian</a> women's movements that over time developed into <a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">socialist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marxist_feminism" title="Marxist feminism">Marxist feminism</a> based on <a href="/wiki/Class_struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Class struggle">class struggle</a> theory.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> Since the 1960s, both of these traditions are also contrasted with the <a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">radical feminism</a> that arose from the <a href="/wiki/Radical_politics" title="Radical politics">radical</a> wing of <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">second-wave feminism</a> and that calls for a radical reordering of society to eliminate patriarchy. Liberal, socialist, and radical feminism are sometimes referred to as the "Big Three" schools of feminist thought.<a href="#cite_note-Maynard-15">[14]</a> Since the late 20th century, many newer forms of feminism have emerged. Some forms, such as <a href="/wiki/White_feminism" title="White feminism">white feminism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism">gender-critical feminism</a>, have been criticized as taking into account only white, middle class, college-educated, <a href="/wiki/Heterosexuality" title="Heterosexuality">heterosexual</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Cisgender" title="Cisgender">cisgender</a> perspectives. These criticisms have led to the creation of ethnically specific or <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multicultural</a> forms of feminism, such as <a href="/wiki/Black_feminism" title="Black feminism">black feminism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">intersectional</a> feminism.<a href="#cite_note-Weedon-16">[15]</a> Some have argued that feminism often promotes <a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">misandry</a> and the elevation of women's interests above men's, and criticize radical feminist positions as harmful to both men and women.<a href="#cite_note-Hoff_Sommers-17">[16]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_feminism" title="History of feminism">History of feminism</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_feminism" title="Timeline of feminism">Timeline of feminism</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terminology">Terminology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Protofeminism" title="Protofeminism">Protofeminism</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a> is seen by many as a founder of feminism due to her 1792 book titled <a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman" title="A Vindication of the Rights of Woman">A Vindication of the Rights of Woman</a> in which she argues that class and private property are the basis of discrimination against women, and that women as much as men needed equal rights.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Fourier" title="Charles Fourier">Charles Fourier</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">utopian socialist</a> and French philosopher, is credited with having coined the word "féminisme" in 1837.<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> but no trace of the word have been found in his works.<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> The word "féminisme" ("feminism") first appeared in <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_France" title="Feminism in France">France</a> in 1871 in a medicine thesis about men suffering from tuberculosis and having developed, according to the author Ferdinand-Valère Faneau de la Cour, feminine traits.<a href="#cite_note-:0-24">[23]</a> The word "féministe" ("feminist"), inspired by its medical use, was coined by <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Dumas_fils" title="Alexandre Dumas fils">Alexandre Dumas fils</a> in a 1872 essay, referring to men who supported women rights. In both cases, the use of the word was very negative and reflected a criticism of a so-called "confusion of the sexes" by women who refused to abide by the sexual division of society and challenged the inequalities between sexes.<a href="#cite_note-:0-24">[23]</a> The concepts appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Feminism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a> in 1872,<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Feminism in the United Kingdom">Great Britain</a> in the 1890s, and the <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_States" title="Feminism in the United States">United States</a> in 1910.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-cott-27">[26]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> dates the first appearance in English in this meaning back to 1895.<a href="#cite_note-oed-28">[27]</a> Depending on the historical moment, culture and country, feminists around the world have had different causes and goals. Most western feminist historians contend that all movements working to obtain women's rights should be considered feminist movements, even when they did not (or do not) apply the term to themselves.<a href="#cite_note-spender-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-walters-31">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-kinnaird-32">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-taylor-34">[33]</a> Other historians assert that the term should be limited to the modern feminist movement and its descendants. Those historians use the label "<a href="/wiki/Protofeminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Protofeminist">protofeminist</a>" to describe earlier movements.<a href="#cite_note-botting-houser-35">[34]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clara Zetkin (left) with Rosa Luxemburg (right) in January 1910. Zetkin partly initiated International Women's Day."><img alt="Clara Zetkin (left) with Rosa Luxemburg (right) in January 1910. Zetkin partly initiated International Women's Day." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg/141px-Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="141" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg/212px-Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg/283px-Zetkin_luxemburg1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="872" data-file-height="1232" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Clara_Zetkin" title="Clara Zetkin">Clara Zetkin</a> (left) with <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Rosa Luxemburg</a> (right) in January 1910. Zetkin partly initiated <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">International Women's Day</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Feminist_Suffrage_Parade_in_New_York_City,_1912.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Feminist suffrage parade, New York City, 1912"><img alt="Feminist suffrage parade, New York City, 1912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Feminist_Suffrage_Parade_in_New_York_City%2C_1912.jpeg/200px-Feminist_Suffrage_Parade_in_New_York_City%2C_1912.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Feminist_Suffrage_Parade_in_New_York_City%2C_1912.jpeg/300px-Feminist_Suffrage_Parade_in_New_York_City%2C_1912.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Feminist_Suffrage_Parade_in_New_York_City%2C_1912.jpeg/400px-Feminist_Suffrage_Parade_in_New_York_City%2C_1912.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="564" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Feminist suffrage parade, New York City, 1912</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Articles_by_and_photo_of_Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman_in_1916.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote about feminism for the Atlanta Constitution, 10 December 1916."><img alt="Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote about feminism for the Atlanta Constitution, 10 December 1916." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Articles_by_and_photo_of_Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman_in_1916.jpg/200px-Articles_by_and_photo_of_Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman_in_1916.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Articles_by_and_photo_of_Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman_in_1916.jpg/300px-Articles_by_and_photo_of_Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman_in_1916.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Articles_by_and_photo_of_Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman_in_1916.jpg/400px-Articles_by_and_photo_of_Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman_in_1916.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1383" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Charlotte Perkins Gilman</a> wrote about feminism for the Atlanta Constitution, 10 December 1916.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Emmeline_Pankhurst_addresses_crowd.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="After selling her home, Emmeline Pankhurst, pictured in New York City in 1913, travelled constantly, giving speeches throughout Britain and the United States."><img alt="After selling her home, Emmeline Pankhurst, pictured in New York City in 1913, travelled constantly, giving speeches throughout Britain and the United States." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Emmeline_Pankhurst_addresses_crowd.jpg/200px-Emmeline_Pankhurst_addresses_crowd.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Emmeline_Pankhurst_addresses_crowd.jpg/300px-Emmeline_Pankhurst_addresses_crowd.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Emmeline_Pankhurst_addresses_crowd.jpg/400px-Emmeline_Pankhurst_addresses_crowd.jpg 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="390" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">After selling her home, <a href="/wiki/Emmeline_Pankhurst" title="Emmeline Pankhurst">Emmeline Pankhurst</a>, pictured in New York City in 1913, travelled constantly, giving speeches throughout Britain and the United States.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Wilhelmina_Drucker_IMG0020.tif" class="mw-file-description" title="In the Netherlands, Wilhelmina Drucker (1847–1925) fought successfully for the vote and equal rights for women, through organizations she founded."><img alt="In the Netherlands, Wilhelmina Drucker (1847–1925) fought successfully for the vote and equal rights for women, through organizations she founded." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wilhelmina_Drucker_IMG0020.tif/lossless-page1-133px-Wilhelmina_Drucker_IMG0020.tif.png" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wilhelmina_Drucker_IMG0020.tif/lossless-page1-200px-Wilhelmina_Drucker_IMG0020.tif.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Wilhelmina_Drucker_IMG0020.tif/lossless-page1-266px-Wilhelmina_Drucker_IMG0020.tif.png 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">In the Netherlands, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmina_Drucker" title="Wilhelmina Drucker">Wilhelmina Drucker</a> (1847–1925) fought successfully for the vote and equal rights for women, through organizations she founded.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Louise_Weiss.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Louise Weiss along with other Parisian suffragettes in 1935. The newspaper headline reads "The Frenchwoman Must Vote"."><img alt="Louise Weiss along with other Parisian suffragettes in 1935. The newspaper headline reads "The Frenchwoman Must Vote"." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Louise_Weiss.jpg/200px-Louise_Weiss.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Louise_Weiss.jpg/300px-Louise_Weiss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Louise_Weiss.jpg/400px-Louise_Weiss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="400" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Louise_Weiss" title="Louise Weiss">Louise Weiss</a> along with other Parisian <a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">suffragettes</a> in 1935. The newspaper headline reads "The Frenchwoman Must Vote".</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waves">Waves</h3></div> The history of the modern western feminist movement is divided into multiple "waves".<a href="#cite_note-Humm-36">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Walker1992-37">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chamberlain2017-38">[37]</a> The <a href="/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism">first</a> comprised women's suffrage movements of the 19th and early-20th centuries, promoting women's right to vote. The <a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">second wave</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">women's liberation movement</a>, began in the 1960s and campaigned for legal and social equality for women. In or around 1992, a <a href="/wiki/Third-wave_feminism" title="Third-wave feminism">third wave</a> was identified, characterized by a focus on individuality and diversity.<a href="#cite_note-Suffragettes_to_Grrls-39">[38]</a> Additionally, some have argued for the existence of a <a href="/wiki/Fourth-wave_feminism" title="Fourth-wave feminism">fourth wave</a>,<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> starting around 2012, which has used <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a> to combat <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">violence against women</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rape_culture" title="Rape culture">rape culture</a>; it is best known for the <a href="/wiki/Me_Too_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too movement">Me Too movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_and_early_20th_centuries">19th and early 20th centuries</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism">First-wave feminism</a></div> First-wave feminism was a period of activity during the 19th and early-20th centuries. In the UK and US, it focused on the promotion of equal contract, marriage, parenting, and property rights for women. New legislation included the <a href="/wiki/Custody_of_Infants_Act_1839" title="Custody of Infants Act 1839">Custody of Infants Act 1839</a> in the UK, which introduced the <a href="/wiki/Tender_years_doctrine" title="Tender years doctrine">tender years doctrine</a> for child custody and gave women the right of custody of their children for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> Other legislation, such as the <a href="/wiki/Married_Women%27s_Property_Act_1870" title="Married Women's Property Act 1870">Married Women's Property Act 1870</a> in the UK and extended in the <a href="/wiki/Married_Women%27s_Property_Act_1882" title="Married Women's Property Act 1882">1882 Act</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MWPA1882-45">[44]</a> became models for similar legislation in other British territories. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> passed legislation in 1884 and <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> in 1889; the remaining Australian colonies passed similar legislation between 1890 and 1897. With the turn of the 19th century, activism focused primarily on gaining political power, particularly the right of women's <a href="/wiki/Suffrage" title="Suffrage">suffrage</a>, though some feminists were active in campaigning for women's <a href="/wiki/Sexual_and_reproductive_health_and_rights" title="Sexual and reproductive health and rights">sexual</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_rights" title="Reproductive rights">reproductive</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Economic,_social_and_cultural_rights" title="Economic, social and cultural rights">economic rights</a> too.<a href="#cite_note-NoTurningBack464-46">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a> (the right to vote and stand for parliamentary office) began in Britain's <a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasian</a> colonies at the end of the 19th century, with the self-governing colony of <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_New_Zealand" title="Feminism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a> granting women the right to vote in 1893; <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a> followed suit with the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Amendment_(Adult_Suffrage)_Act_1894" title="Constitutional Amendment (Adult Suffrage) Act 1894">Constitutional Amendment (Adult Suffrage) Act 1894</a> in 1894. This was followed by Australia granting female suffrage in 1902.<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> In Britain, the suffragettes and <a href="/wiki/National_Union_of_Women%27s_Suffrage_Societies" title="National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies">suffragists</a> campaigned for the women's vote, and in 1918 the <a href="/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1918" title="Representation of the People Act 1918">Representation of the People Act</a> was passed granting the vote to women over the age of 30 who owned property. In 1928, this was extended to all women over 21.<a href="#cite_note-Phillips-49">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Emmeline_Pankhurst" title="Emmeline Pankhurst">Emmeline Pankhurst</a> was the most notable activist in England. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> named her one of the <a href="/wiki/Time_100:_The_Most_Important_People_of_the_Century" title="Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century">100 Most Important People of the 20th Century</a>, stating: "she shaped an idea of women for our time; she shook society into a new pattern from which there could be no going back."<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> In the US, notable leaders of this movement included <a href="/wiki/Lucretia_Mott" title="Lucretia Mott">Lucretia Mott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a>, who each campaigned for the <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolition of slavery</a> before championing women's right to vote. These women were influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> theology of spiritual equality, which asserts that men and women are equal under God.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> In the US, first-wave feminism is considered to have ended with the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> (1919), granting women the right to vote in all states. The term first wave was coined retroactively when the term second-wave feminism came into use.<a href="#cite_note-NoTurningBack464-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-DuBois-52">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-Flexner-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wheeler-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stevens-55">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_Germany#Women's_rights_movements" title="History of women in Germany">In Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Germany" title="Feminism in Germany">feminists</a> like <a href="/wiki/Clara_Zetkin" title="Clara Zetkin">Clara Zetkin</a> was very interested in <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's politics">women's politics</a>, including the fight for <a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunities" class="mw-redirect" title="Equal opportunities">equal opportunities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">women's suffrage</a>, through socialism. She helped to develop the social-democratic <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's movement">women's movement</a> in Germany. From 1891 to 1917, she edited the SPD women's newspaper Die Gleichheit (Equality). In 1907 she became the leader of the newly founded "Women's Office" at the SPD. She also contributed to <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">International Women's Day</a> (IWD).<a href="#cite_note-kaplan-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Women-57">[56]</a> During the late <a href="/wiki/Qing_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Qing Dynasty">Qing period</a> and reform movements such as the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days%27_Reform" title="Hundred Days' Reform">Hundred Days' Reform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_China" title="Feminism in China">Chinese feminists</a> called for women's liberation from traditional roles and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Confucian" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Confucian">Neo-Confucian</a> <a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_China" title="Gender inequality in China">gender segregation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> Later, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> created projects aimed at integrating women into the workforce, and claimed that the revolution had successfully achieved women's liberation.<a href="#cite_note-Dooling-61">[60]</a> According to Nawar al-Hassan Golley, Arab feminism was closely connected with <a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a>. In 1899, <a href="/wiki/Qasim_Amin" title="Qasim Amin">Qasim Amin</a>, considered the "father" of Arab feminism, wrote The Liberation of Women, which argued for legal and social reforms for women.<a href="#cite_note-62">[61]</a> He drew links between women's position in Egyptian society and nationalism, leading to the development of Cairo University and the National Movement.<a href="#cite_note-Golley-63">[62]</a> In 1923 <a href="/wiki/Hoda_Shaarawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoda Shaarawi">Hoda Shaarawi</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Feminist_Union" title="Egyptian Feminist Union">Egyptian Feminist Union</a>, became its president and a symbol of the Arab women's rights movement.<a href="#cite_note-Golley-63">[62]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Constitutional_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian Constitutional Revolution">Iranian Constitutional Revolution</a> in 1905 triggered the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_women%27s_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian women's movement">Iranian women's movement</a>, which aimed to achieve women's equality in <a href="/wiki/Iranian_gender_restrictions_in_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Iranian gender restrictions in education">education</a>, marriage, careers, and <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Iran" title="Women's rights in Iran">legal rights</a>.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a> However, during the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_revolution" title="Iranian revolution">Iranian revolution</a> of 1979, many of the rights that <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Iran" title="Women in Iran">women</a> had gained from the women's movement were systematically abolished, such as the <a href="/wiki/Iran%27s_Family_Protection_Law" title="Iran's Family Protection Law">Family Protection Law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mid-20th_century">Mid-20th century</h3></div> By the mid-20th century, women still lacked significant rights. In <a href="/wiki/Women_in_France" title="Women in France">France</a>, women obtained the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage#France" title="Women's suffrage">right to vote</a> only with the <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government of the French Republic</a> of 21 April 1944. <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Consultative_Assembly" title="Provisional Consultative Assembly">The Consultative Assembly of Algiers of 1944</a> proposed on 24 March 1944 to grant eligibility to women but following an amendment by <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Grenier_(French_politician)" title="Fernand Grenier (French politician)">Fernard Grenier</a>, they were given full citizenship, including the right to vote. Grenier's proposition was adopted 51 to 16. In May 1947, following the <a href="/wiki/November_1946_French_legislative_election" title="November 1946 French legislative election">November 1946 elections</a>, the sociologist Robert Verdier minimized the "<a href="/wiki/Gender_differences" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender differences">gender gap</a>", stating in <a href="/wiki/Le_Populaire_(French_newspaper)" title="Le Populaire (French newspaper)">Le Populaire</a> that women had not voted in a consistent way, dividing themselves, as men, according to social classes. During the <a href="/wiki/Post-World_War_II_baby_boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-World War II baby boom">baby boom</a> period, feminism waned in importance. Wars (both World War I and World War II) had seen the provisional emancipation of some women, but post-war periods signalled the return to conservative roles.<a href="#cite_note-Bard-66">[65]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Switzerland" title="Women in Switzerland">Switzerland</a>, women gained the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Switzerland" title="Women's suffrage in Switzerland">right to vote</a> in federal <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Switzerland" title="Elections in Switzerland">elections</a> in 1971;<a href="#cite_note-67">[66]</a> but in the canton of <a href="/wiki/Appenzell_Innerrhoden" title="Appenzell Innerrhoden">Appenzell Innerrhoden</a> women obtained the right to vote on local issues only in 1991, when the canton was forced to do so by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Supreme_Court_of_Switzerland" title="Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland">Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Liechtenstein" title="Women's suffrage in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a>, women were given the right to vote by the <a href="/wiki/1984_Liechtenstein_women%27s_suffrage_referendum" title="1984 Liechtenstein women's suffrage referendum">women's suffrage referendum of 1984</a>. Three prior referendums held in <a href="/wiki/1968_Liechtenstein_referendums#Women's_suffrage" title="1968 Liechtenstein referendums">1968</a>, <a href="/wiki/1971_Liechtenstein_women%27s_suffrage_referendum" title="1971 Liechtenstein women's suffrage referendum">1971</a> and <a href="/wiki/1973_Liechtenstein_referendums#Women's_suffrage" title="1973 Liechtenstein referendums">1973</a> had failed to secure women's right to vote.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photograph_of_American_Women_Replacing_Men_Fighting_in_Europe_-_NARA_-_535769.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Photograph_of_American_Women_Replacing_Men_Fighting_in_Europe_-_NARA_-_535769.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Photograph_of_American_Women_Replacing_Men_Fighting_in_Europe_-_NARA_-_535769.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Photograph_of_American_Women_Replacing_Men_Fighting_in_Europe_-_NARA_-_535769.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Photograph_of_American_Women_Replacing_Men_Fighting_in_Europe_-_NARA_-_535769.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Photograph_of_American_Women_Replacing_Men_Fighting_in_Europe_-_NARA_-_535769.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Photograph_of_American_Women_Replacing_Men_Fighting_in_Europe_-_NARA_-_535769.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2119" /></a><figcaption>Photograph of American women replacing men fighting in Europe, 1945</figcaption></figure> Feminists continued to campaign for the reform of <a href="/wiki/Family_law" title="Family law">family laws</a> which gave husbands control over their wives. Although by the 20th century <a href="/wiki/Coverture" title="Coverture">coverture</a> had been abolished in the UK and US, in many <a href="/wiki/Continental_European" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental European">continental European</a> countries married women still had very few rights. For instance, in France, married women did not receive the right to work without their husband's permission until 1965.<a href="#cite_note-Guillaumin-70">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Meltzer-71">[70]</a> Feminists have also worked to abolish the <a href="/wiki/Marital_rape" title="Marital rape">"marital exemption" in rape laws</a> which precluded the prosecution of husbands for the rape of their wives.<a href="#cite_note-Allison-72">[71]</a> Earlier efforts by first-wave feminists such as <a href="/wiki/Voltairine_de_Cleyre" title="Voltairine de Cleyre">Voltairine de Cleyre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Victoria Woodhull</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Clarke_Wolstenholme_Elmy" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth Clarke Wolstenholme Elmy">Elizabeth Clarke Wolstenholme Elmy</a> to criminalize marital rape in the late 19th century had failed;<a href="#cite_note-Bland-73">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[73]</a> this was only achieved a century later in most Western countries, but is still not achieved in many other parts of the world.<a href="#cite_note-75">[74]</a> French philosopher <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a> provided a <a href="/wiki/Marxist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist">Marxist</a> solution and an <a href="/wiki/Existentialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Existentialist">existentialist</a> view on many of the questions of feminism with the publication of Le Deuxième Sexe (<a href="/wiki/The_Second_Sex" title="The Second Sex">The Second Sex</a>) in 1949.<a href="#cite_note-76">[75]</a> The book expressed feminists' sense of injustice. Second-wave feminism is a feminist movement beginning in the early 1960s<a href="#cite_note-Whelehan-77">[76]</a> and continuing to the present; as such, it coexists with third-wave feminism. Second-wave feminism is largely concerned with issues of equality beyond suffrage, such as ending <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">gender discrimination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NoTurningBack464-46">[45]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:331px;max-width:331px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:170px;max-width:170px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Feminine_Mystique.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8f/The_Feminine_Mystique.jpg/168px-The_Feminine_Mystique.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8f/The_Feminine_Mystique.jpg/252px-The_Feminine_Mystique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8f/The_Feminine_Mystique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="386" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:157px;max-width:157px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Germaine_Greer_-_The_Female_Eunuch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Germaine_Greer_-_The_Female_Eunuch.jpg/155px-Germaine_Greer_-_The_Female_Eunuch.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Germaine_Greer_-_The_Female_Eunuch.jpg/233px-Germaine_Greer_-_The_Female_Eunuch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Germaine_Greer_-_The_Female_Eunuch.jpg/310px-Germaine_Greer_-_The_Female_Eunuch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1189" data-file-height="1891" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/The_Feminine_Mystique" title="The Feminine Mystique">The Feminine Mystique</a> (1963) by <a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Female_Eunuch" title="The Female Eunuch">The Female Eunuch</a> (1970) by <a href="/wiki/Germaine_Greer" title="Germaine Greer">Germaine Greer</a> are considered landmark texts in second-wave feminism.</div></div></div></div> Second-wave feminists see women's cultural and political inequalities as inextricably linked and encourage women to understand aspects of their personal lives as deeply politicized and as reflecting sexist power structures. The feminist activist and author <a href="/wiki/Carol_Hanisch" title="Carol Hanisch">Carol Hanisch</a> coined the slogan "The Personal is Political", which became synonymous with the second wave.<a href="#cite_note-Echols-8">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hanisch-78">[77]</a> Second- and third-wave feminism in China has been characterized by a reexamination of women's roles during the communist revolution and other reform movements, and new discussions about whether women's equality has actually been fully achieved.<a href="#cite_note-Dooling-61">[60]</a> In 1956, President <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> of <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Egypt" title="Feminism in Egypt">Egypt</a> initiated "<a href="/wiki/State_feminism" title="State feminism">state feminism</a>", which outlawed <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Egypt#Status_of_women" title="Human rights in Egypt">discrimination based on gender</a> and granted women's suffrage, but also blocked political activism by feminist leaders.<a href="#cite_note-79">[78]</a> During <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Sadat" title="Anwar Sadat">Sadat</a>'s presidency, his wife, <a href="/wiki/Jehan_Sadat" title="Jehan Sadat">Jehan Sadat</a>, publicly advocated further women's rights, though Egyptian policy and society began to move away from women's equality with the new <a href="/wiki/Islamist" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamist">Islamist</a> movement and growing conservatism.<a href="#cite_note-80">[79]</a> However, some activists proposed a new feminist movement, <a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminism</a>, which argues for women's equality within an Islamic framework.<a href="#cite_note-81">[80]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Latin_America" title="Feminism in Latin America">Latin America</a>, revolutions brought changes in women's status in countries such as <a href="/wiki/Role_of_women_in_Nicaraguan_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Role of women in Nicaraguan Revolution">Nicaragua</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Feminist_ideology_during_the_Sandinista_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist ideology during the Sandinista Revolution">feminist ideology during the Sandinista Revolution</a> aided women's quality of life but fell short of achieving a social and ideological change.<a href="#cite_note-parpart-82">[81]</a> In 1963, <a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a>'s book <a href="/wiki/The_Feminine_Mystique" title="The Feminine Mystique">The Feminine Mystique</a> helped voice the discontent that American women felt. The book is widely credited with sparking the beginning of second-wave feminism in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes2006-83">[82]</a> Within ten years, women made up over half the First World workforce.<a href="#cite_note-84">[83]</a> In 1970, Australian writer <a href="/wiki/Germaine_Greer" title="Germaine Greer">Germaine Greer</a> published <a href="/wiki/The_Female_Eunuch" title="The Female Eunuch">The Female Eunuch</a>, which became a worldwide bestseller, reportedly driving up divorce rates.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> Greer posits that <a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">men hate women</a>, that women do not know this and direct the hatred upon themselves, as well as arguing that women are devitalised and repressed in their role as housewives and mothers. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_20th_and_early_21st_centuries">Late 20th and early 21st centuries</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Third-wave_feminism">Third-wave feminism</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Third-wave_feminism" title="Third-wave feminism">Third-wave feminism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lozu_mont_oct8_bellhooooooooks.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Lozu_mont_oct8_bellhooooooooks.png/180px-Lozu_mont_oct8_bellhooooooooks.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Lozu_mont_oct8_bellhooooooooks.png/270px-Lozu_mont_oct8_bellhooooooooks.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Lozu_mont_oct8_bellhooooooooks.png/360px-Lozu_mont_oct8_bellhooooooooks.png 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Feminist, author and social activist <a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">bell hooks</a> (1952–2021)</figcaption></figure> Third-wave feminism is traced to the emergence of the <a href="/wiki/Riot_grrrl" title="Riot grrrl">riot grrrl</a> feminist <a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">punk subculture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Olympia,_Washington" title="Olympia, Washington">Olympia, Washington</a>, in the early 1990s,<a href="#cite_note-Piepmeier2009p45-87">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[87]</a> and to <a href="/wiki/Anita_Hill" title="Anita Hill">Anita Hill</a>'s televised testimony in 1991—to an all-male, all-white <a href="/wiki/Senate_Judiciary_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Judiciary Committee">Senate Judiciary Committee</a>—that <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination">Clarence Thomas</a>, nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a>, had <a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas_Supreme_Court_nomination#Sexual_harassment_allegations" title="Clarence Thomas Supreme Court nomination">sexually harassed</a> her. The term third wave is credited to <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Walker" title="Rebecca Walker">Rebecca Walker</a>, who responded to Thomas's appointment to the Supreme Court with an article in <a href="/wiki/Ms._(magazine)" title="Ms. (magazine)">Ms.</a> magazine, "Becoming the Third Wave" (1992).<a href="#cite_note-MsMagazineThirdWave-89">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-Baumgardner_Richards-90">[89]</a> She wrote: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">So I write this as a plea to all women, especially women of my generation: Let Thomas' confirmation serve to remind you, as it did me, that the fight is far from over. Let this dismissal of a woman's experience move you to anger. Turn that outrage into political power. Do not vote for them unless they work for us. Do not have sex with them, do not break bread with them, do not nurture them if they don't prioritize our freedom to control our bodies and our lives. I am not a post-feminism feminist. I am the Third Wave.<a href="#cite_note-MsMagazineThirdWave-89">[88]</a></blockquote> Third-wave feminism also sought to challenge or avoid what it deemed the second wave's <a href="/wiki/Essentialism" title="Essentialism">essentialist</a> definitions of <a href="/wiki/Femininity" title="Femininity">femininity</a>, which, third-wave feminists argued, overemphasized the experiences of upper middle-class white women. Third-wave feminists often focused on "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/micropolitics" class="extiw" title="wikt:micropolitics">micro-politics</a>" and challenged the second wave's paradigm as to what was, or was not, good for women, and tended to use a <a href="/wiki/Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">post-structuralist</a> interpretation of gender and sexuality.<a href="#cite_note-NoTurningBack464-46">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Henry-91">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gillis-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Faludi-93">[92]</a> Feminist leaders rooted in the second wave, such as <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Anzald%C3%BAa" title="Gloria Anzaldúa">Gloria Anzaldúa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">bell hooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chela_Sandoval" title="Chela Sandoval">Chela Sandoval</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherr%C3%ADe_Moraga" title="Cherríe Moraga">Cherríe Moraga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audre_Lorde" title="Audre Lorde">Audre Lorde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxine_Hong_Kingston" title="Maxine Hong Kingston">Maxine Hong Kingston</a>, and many other non-white feminists, sought to negotiate a space within feminist thought for consideration of race-related subjectivities.<a href="#cite_note-Gillis-92">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-Walker-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-Heywood-95">[94]</a> Third-wave feminism also contained internal debates between <a href="/wiki/Difference_feminism" title="Difference feminism">difference feminists</a>, who believe that there are important psychological differences between the sexes, and those who believe that there are no inherent psychological differences between the sexes and contend that gender roles are due to <a href="/wiki/Social_conditioning" title="Social conditioning">social conditioning</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gilligan-96">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Standpoint_theory">Standpoint theory</h4></div> Standpoint theory is a feminist theoretical point of view stating that a person's social position influences their knowledge. This perspective argues that research and theory treat women and the feminist movement as insignificant and refuses to see traditional science as unbiased.<a href="#cite_note-97">[96]</a> Since the 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Standpoint_feminism" title="Standpoint feminism">standpoint feminists</a> have argued that the feminist movement should address global issues (such as rape, <a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">incest</a>, and prostitution) and culturally specific issues (such as <a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">female genital mutilation</a> in some parts of <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Africa" title="Women in Africa">Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Arab_societies" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in Arab societies">Arab societies</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">glass ceiling</a> practices that impede women's advancement in developed economies) in order to understand how gender inequality interacts with racism, <a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">homophobia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classism" class="mw-redirect" title="Classism">classism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Colonization" title="Colonization">colonization</a> in a "<a href="/wiki/Matrix_of_domination" title="Matrix of domination">matrix of domination</a>".<a href="#cite_note-BFT-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-Harding2003-99">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fourth-wave_feminism">Fourth-wave feminism</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fourth-wave_feminism" title="Fourth-wave feminism">Fourth-wave feminism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iru%C3%B1eko_bortxaketaren_auzia_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Iru%C3%B1eko_bortxaketaren_auzia_5.jpg/220px-Iru%C3%B1eko_bortxaketaren_auzia_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Iru%C3%B1eko_bortxaketaren_auzia_5.jpg/330px-Iru%C3%B1eko_bortxaketaren_auzia_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Iru%C3%B1eko_bortxaketaren_auzia_5.jpg/440px-Iru%C3%B1eko_bortxaketaren_auzia_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption>Protest against <a href="/wiki/La_Manada_sexual_abuse_case" class="mw-redirect" title="La Manada sexual abuse case">La Manada sexual abuse case</a> sentence, Pamplona, 2018</figcaption></figure> Fourth-wave feminism is a proposed extension of third-wave feminism which corresponds to a resurgence in interest in feminism beginning around 2012 and associated with the use of social media.<a href="#cite_note-4thWave-Guardian20131210-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[100]</a> According to feminist scholar Prudence Chamberlain, the focus of the fourth wave is justice for women and opposition to sexual harassment and violence against women. Its essence, she writes, is "incredulity that certain attitudes can still exist".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChamberlain2017115-102">[101]</a> Fourth-wave feminism is "defined by technology", according to <a href="/wiki/Kira_Cochrane" title="Kira Cochrane">Kira Cochrane</a>, and is characterized particularly by the use of <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instagram" title="Instagram">Instagram</a>, <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a>, and blogs such as <a href="/wiki/Feministing" title="Feministing">Feministing</a> to challenge <a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">misogyny</a> and further <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-4thWave-Guardian20131210-100">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[103]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Women%27s_March_on_Washington_(32593123745).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg/220px-Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg/330px-Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg/440px-Women%27s_March_on_Washington_%2832593123745%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5325" data-file-height="3550" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March" title="2017 Women's March">2017 Women's March</a>, Washington, D.C.</figcaption></figure> Issues that fourth-wave feminists focus on include <a href="/wiki/Street_harassment" title="Street harassment">street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Workplace_harassment" title="Workplace harassment">workplace harassment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Campus_sexual_assault" title="Campus sexual assault">campus sexual assault</a> and rape culture. Scandals involving the harassment, abuse, and murder of women and girls have galvanized the movement. These have included the <a href="/wiki/2012_Delhi_gang_rape" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Delhi gang rape">2012 Delhi gang rape</a>, 2012 <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Savile_sexual_abuse_scandal" title="Jimmy Savile sexual abuse scandal">Jimmy Savile allegations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cosby_sexual_assault_case" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill Cosby sexual assault case">Bill Cosby allegations</a>, <a href="/wiki/2014_Isla_Vista_killings" title="2014 Isla Vista killings">2014 Isla Vista killings</a>, 2016 <a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Jian_Ghomeshi" title="Trial of Jian Ghomeshi">trial of Jian Ghomeshi</a>, 2017 <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Weinstein_sexual_abuse_allegations" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations">Harvey Weinstein allegations</a> and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Weinstein_effect" title="Weinstein effect">Weinstein effect</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2017_Westminster_sexual_scandals" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Westminster sexual scandals">2017 Westminster sexual scandals</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[104]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:8M_Paran%C3%A1_2019_13.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/8M_Paran%C3%A1_2019_13.jpg/220px-8M_Paran%C3%A1_2019_13.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/8M_Paran%C3%A1_2019_13.jpg/330px-8M_Paran%C3%A1_2019_13.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/8M_Paran%C3%A1_2019_13.jpg/440px-8M_Paran%C3%A1_2019_13.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3433" data-file-height="2289" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Strike" title="International Women's Strike">International Women's Strike</a>, Paraná, Argentina, 2019</figcaption></figure> Examples of fourth-wave feminist campaigns include the <a href="/wiki/Everyday_Sexism_Project" title="Everyday Sexism Project">Everyday Sexism Project</a>, <a href="/wiki/No_More_Page_3" title="No More Page 3">No More Page 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stop_Bild_Sexism" title="Stop Bild Sexism">Stop Bild Sexism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mattress_Performance_(Carry_That_Weight)" title="Mattress Performance (Carry That Weight)">Mattress Performance</a>, <a href="/wiki/10_Hours_of_Walking_in_NYC_as_a_Woman" title="10 Hours of Walking in NYC as a Woman">10 Hours of Walking in NYC as a Woman</a>, <a href="/wiki/YesAllWomen" title="YesAllWomen">#YesAllWomen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Free_the_Nipple_(campaign)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free the Nipple (campaign)">Free the Nipple</a>, <a href="/wiki/One_Billion_Rising" title="One Billion Rising">One Billion Rising</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2017_Women%27s_March" title="2017 Women's March">2017 Women's March</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2018_Women%27s_March" title="2018 Women's March">2018 Women's March</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Me_Too_(hashtag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Me Too (hashtag)">#MeToo</a> movement. In December 2017, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine chose several prominent female activists involved in the #MeToo movement, dubbed "the silence breakers", as <a href="/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year" title="Time Person of the Year">Person of the Year</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Zacharek6Dec2017-106">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[106]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decolonial_feminism">Decolonial feminism</h3></div> Decolonial feminism reformulates the <a href="/wiki/Coloniality_of_gender" title="Coloniality of gender">coloniality of gender</a> by critiquing the very formation of gender and its subsequent formations of <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarchy</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gender_binary" title="Gender binary">gender binary</a>, not as universal constants across cultures, but as structures that have been instituted by and for the benefit of <a href="/wiki/European_colonialism" class="mw-redirect" title="European colonialism">European colonialism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Lugones" title="Maria Lugones">Marìa Lugones</a> proposes that decolonial feminism speaks to how "the colonial imposition of gender cuts across questions of ecology, economics, government, relations with the spirit world, and knowledge, as well as across everyday practices that either habituate us to take care of the world or to destroy it." Decolonial feminists like <a href="/wiki/Karla_Jessen_Williamson" title="Karla Jessen Williamson">Karla Jessen Williamson</a> and Rauna Kuokkanen have examined colonialism as a force that has imposed <a href="/wiki/Gender_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender hierarchy">gender hierarchies</a> on Indigenous women that have disempowered and fractured Indigenous communities and ways of life. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Postfeminism">Postfeminism</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Postfeminism" title="Postfeminism">Postfeminism</a></div> The term <a href="/wiki/Postfeminism" title="Postfeminism">postfeminism</a> is used to describe a range of viewpoints reacting to feminism since the 1980s. While not being "anti-feminist", postfeminists believe that women have achieved second wave goals while being critical of third- and fourth-wave feminist goals. The term was first used to describe a backlash against second-wave feminism, but it is now a label for a wide range of theories that take critical approaches to previous feminist discourses and includes challenges to the second wave's ideas.<a href="#cite_note-Wright2000-108">[107]</a> Other postfeminists say that feminism is no longer relevant to today's society.<a href="#cite_note-Abbott-109">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mateo–Gomez-110">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Jones" title="Amelia Jones">Amelia Jones</a> has written that the postfeminist texts which emerged in the 1980s and 1990s portrayed second-wave feminism as a monolithic entity.<a href="#cite_note-111">[110]</a> Dorothy Chunn describes a "blaming narrative" under the postfeminist moniker, where feminists are undermined for continuing to make demands for gender equality in a "post-feminist" society, where "gender equality has (already) been achieved". According to Chunn, "many feminists have voiced disquiet about the ways in which rights and equality discourses are now used against them".<a href="#cite_note-112">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Theory">Theory</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory" title="Feminist theory">Feminist theory</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gynocriticism" title="Gynocriticism">Gynocriticism</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture_f%C3%A9minine" title="Écriture féminine">écriture féminine</a></div> Feminist theory is the extension of feminism into theoretical or philosophical fields. It encompasses work in a variety of disciplines, including <a href="/wiki/Feminist_anthropology" title="Feminist anthropology">anthropology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminist_sociology" title="Feminist sociology">sociology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminist_economics" title="Feminist economics">economics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_studies" title="Women's studies">women's studies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminist_literary_criticism" title="Feminist literary criticism">literary criticism</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Zajko-113">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-Howe-114">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Art_history#Psychoanalytic_art_history" title="Art history">art history</a>,<a href="#cite_note-115">[114]</a> <a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory#Psychoanalysis" title="Feminist theory">psychoanalysis</a>,<a href="#cite_note-matrixial_borderspace-116">[115]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy" title="Feminist philosophy">philosophy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Florence-118">[117]</a> Feminist theory aims to understand <a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality" title="Gender inequality">gender inequality</a> and focuses on gender politics, power relations, and sexuality. While providing a critique of these social and political relations, much of feminist theory also focuses on the promotion of women's rights and interests. Themes explored in feminist theory include discrimination, <a href="/wiki/Stereotyping" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereotyping">stereotyping</a>, <a href="/wiki/Objectification" title="Objectification">objectification</a> (especially <a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">sexual objectification</a>), <a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">oppression</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">patriarchy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Chodorow1989-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-gilligan1977-13">[12]</a> In the field of <a href="/wiki/Literary_criticism" title="Literary criticism">literary criticism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elaine_Showalter" title="Elaine Showalter">Elaine Showalter</a> describes the development of feminist theory as having three phases. The first she calls "feminist critique", in which the feminist reader examines the ideologies behind literary phenomena. The second Showalter calls "<a href="/wiki/Gynocriticism" title="Gynocriticism">gynocriticism</a>", in which the "woman is producer of textual meaning". The last phase she calls "gender theory", in which the "ideological inscription and the literary effects of the sex/gender system are explored".<a href="#cite_note-showalter1979-119">[118]</a> This was paralleled in the 1970s by <a href="/wiki/French_structuralist_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="French structuralist feminism">French feminists</a>, who developed the concept of <a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture_f%C3%A9minine" title="Écriture féminine">écriture féminine</a> (which translates as "female or feminine writing").<a href="#cite_note-Wright2000-108">[107]</a> <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Cixous" title="Hélène Cixous">Hélène Cixous</a> argues that writing and philosophy are <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phallocentric" class="extiw" title="wikt:phallocentric">phallocentric</a> and along with other French feminists such as <a href="/wiki/Luce_Irigaray" title="Luce Irigaray">Luce Irigaray</a> emphasize "writing from the body" as a subversive exercise.<a href="#cite_note-Wright2000-108">[107]</a> The work of <a href="/wiki/Julia_Kristeva" title="Julia Kristeva">Julia Kristeva</a>, a feminist psychoanalyst and philosopher, and <a href="/wiki/Bracha_Ettinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracha Ettinger">Bracha Ettinger</a>,<a href="#cite_note-120">[119]</a> artist and psychoanalyst, has influenced feminist theory in general and feminist literary criticism in particular. However, as the scholar Elizabeth Wright points out, "none of these French feminists align themselves with the feminist movement as it appeared in the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">Anglophone</a> world".<a href="#cite_note-Wright2000-108">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-Moi1986-121">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Movements_and_ideologies">Movements and ideologies</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_movements_and_ideologies" title="Feminist movements and ideologies">Feminist movements and ideologies</a></div> Many overlapping feminist movements and ideologies have developed over the years. Feminism is often divided into three main traditions called liberal, radical and socialist/Marxist feminism, sometimes known as the "Big Three" schools of feminist thought. Since the late 20th century, newer forms of feminisms have also emerged.<a href="#cite_note-Maynard-15">[14]</a> Some branches of feminism track the political leanings of the larger society to a greater or lesser degree, or focus on specific topics, such as the environment. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberal_feminism">Liberal feminism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">Liberal feminism</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_Stanton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Elizabeth_Stanton.jpg/220px-Elizabeth_Stanton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="321" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Elizabeth_Stanton.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a>, a major figure in 19th-century liberal feminism</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">Liberal feminism</a>, also known under other names such as reformist, mainstream, or historically as bourgeois feminism,<a href="#cite_note-Voet-122">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[122]</a> arose from 19th-century first-wave feminism, and was historically linked to 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressivism</a>, while 19th-century conservatives tended to oppose feminism as such. Liberal feminism seeks equality of men and women through political and <a href="/wiki/Legal_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Legal reform">legal reform</a> within a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_democracy" title="Liberal democracy">liberal democratic</a> framework, without radically altering the structure of society; liberal feminism "works within the structure of mainstream society to integrate women into that structure".<a href="#cite_note-124">[123]</a> During the 19th and early 20th centuries liberal feminism focused especially on women's suffrage and <a href="/wiki/Female_education" title="Female education">access to education</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[124]</a> Former Norwegian supreme court justice and former president of the liberal <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Association_for_Women%27s_Rights" title="Norwegian Association for Women's Rights">Norwegian Association for Women's Rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karin_Maria_Bruzelius" title="Karin Maria Bruzelius">Karin Maria Bruzelius</a>, has described liberal feminism as "a realistic, sober, practical feminism".<a href="#cite_note-126">[125]</a> Susan Wendell argues that "liberal feminism is an historical tradition that grew out of liberalism, as can be seen very clearly in the work of such feminists as Mary Wollstonecraft and <a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a>, but feminists who took principles from that tradition have developed analyses and goals that go far beyond those of 18th and 19th century liberal feminists, and many feminists who have goals and strategies identified as liberal feminist ... reject major components of liberalism" in a modern or party-political sense; she highlights "equality of opportunity" as a defining feature of liberal feminism.<a href="#cite_note-Wendell-1987-127">[126]</a> Liberal feminism is a very broad term that encompasses many, often diverging modern branches and a variety of feminist and general political perspectives; some historically liberal branches are <a href="/wiki/Equality_feminism" title="Equality feminism">equality feminism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_feminism" title="Social feminism">social feminism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equity_feminism" title="Equity feminism">equity feminism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Difference_feminism" title="Difference feminism">difference feminism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">individualist/libertarian feminism</a> and some forms of <a href="/wiki/State_feminism" title="State feminism">state feminism</a>, particularly the state feminism of the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic countries</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[127]</a> The broad field of liberal feminism is sometimes confused with the more recent and smaller branch known as libertarian feminism, which tends to diverge significantly from mainstream liberal feminism. For example, "libertarian feminism does not require social measures to reduce material inequality; in fact, it opposes such measures ... in contrast, liberal feminism may support such requirements and egalitarian versions of feminism insist on them."<a href="#cite_note-129">[128]</a> Catherine Rottenberg notes that the <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/raison_d%27%C3%AAtre" class="extiw" title="wikt:raison d'être">raison d'être</a> of classic liberal feminism was "to pose an immanent critique of liberalism, revealing the gendered exclusions within liberal democracy's proclamation of universal equality, particularly with respect to the law, institutional access, and the full incorporation of women into the public sphere." Rottenberg contrasts classic liberal feminism with modern <a href="/wiki/Neoliberal" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoliberal">neoliberal</a> feminism which "seems perfectly in sync with the evolving neoliberal order."<a href="#cite_note-rotten-130">[129]</a> According to Zhang and Rios, "liberal feminism tends to be adopted by 'mainstream' (i.e., middle-class) women who do not disagree with the current social structure." They found that liberal feminism with its focus on equality is viewed as the dominant and "default" form of feminism.<a href="#cite_note-ZhangRios-131">[130]</a> Some modern forms of feminism that historically grew out of the broader liberal tradition have more recently also been described as <a href="/wiki/List_of_conservative_feminisms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of conservative feminisms">conservative</a> in relative terms. This is particularly the case for libertarian feminism which conceives of people as self-owners and therefore as entitled to freedom from coercive interference.<a href="#cite_note-Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy-132">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radical_feminism">Radical feminism</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feminism_symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/170px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/255px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/340px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption>The merged <a href="/wiki/Venus_symbol" class="mw-redirect" title="Venus symbol">Venus symbol</a> with <a href="/wiki/Raised_fist" title="Raised fist">raised fist</a> is a common symbol of <a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">radical feminism</a>, one of the movements within feminism</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">Radical feminism</a> arose from the <a href="/wiki/Radical_politics" title="Radical politics">radical</a> wing of second-wave feminism and calls for a radical reordering of society to eliminate <a href="/wiki/Male_supremacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Male supremacy">male supremacy</a>. It considers the male-controlled capitalist hierarchy as the defining feature of women's oppression and the total uprooting and reconstruction of society as necessary.<a href="#cite_note-Echols-8">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Separatist_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Separatist feminism">Separatist feminism</a> does not support heterosexual relationships. <a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian feminism</a> is thus closely related. Other feminists criticize separatist feminism as sexist.<a href="#cite_note-hooks-11">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Materialist_ideologies">Materialist ideologies</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emma_Goldman_seated.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Emma_Goldman_seated.jpg/170px-Emma_Goldman_seated.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Emma_Goldman_seated.jpg/255px-Emma_Goldman_seated.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Emma_Goldman_seated.jpg/340px-Emma_Goldman_seated.jpg 2x" data-file-width="879" data-file-height="1236" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Emma Goldman</a> a union activist, labour organizer and <a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcha-feminist">feminist anarchist</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Rosemary_Hennessy" title="Rosemary Hennessy">Rosemary Hennessy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chrys_Ingraham" title="Chrys Ingraham">Chrys Ingraham</a> say that materialist forms of feminism grew out of Western Marxist thought and have inspired a number of different (but overlapping) movements, all of which are involved in a critique of capitalism and are focused on ideology's relationship to women.<a href="#cite_note-133">[132]</a> <a href="/wiki/Marxist_feminism" title="Marxist feminism">Marxist feminism</a> argues that capitalism is the root cause of women's oppression, and that discrimination against women in domestic life and employment is an effect of capitalist ideologies.<a href="#cite_note-Bottomore-134">[133]</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Socialist feminism</a> distinguishes itself from Marxist feminism by arguing that women's liberation can only be achieved by working to end both the economic and cultural sources of women's oppression.<a href="#cite_note-135">[134]</a> <a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Anarcha-feminists</a> believe that <a href="/wiki/Class_struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Class struggle">class struggle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">anarchy</a> against the <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a><a href="#cite_note-farrow-136">[135]</a> require struggling against patriarchy, which comes from involuntary hierarchy. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_modern_feminisms">Other modern feminisms</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Eco-feminist" class="mw-redirect" title="Eco-feminist">Ecofeminists</a> see men's control of land as responsible for the oppression of women and destruction of the <a href="/wiki/Ecology" title="Ecology">natural environment</a>. Ecofeminism has been criticized for focusing too much on a mystical connection between women and nature.<a href="#cite_note-Biehl-137">[136]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Black_and_postcolonial_ideologies">Black and postcolonial ideologies</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Intersectional_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersectional feminism">Intersectional feminism</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Sara_Ahmed" title="Sara Ahmed">Sara Ahmed</a> argues that <a href="/wiki/Black_feminism" title="Black feminism">Black</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_feminism" title="Postcolonial feminism">postcolonial</a> feminisms pose a challenge "to some of the organizing premises of Western feminist thought".<a href="#cite_note-Ahmed-138">[137]</a> During much of its <a href="/wiki/History_of_feminism" title="History of feminism">history</a>, feminist movements and <a href="#Theoretical_schools">theoretical developments</a> were led predominantly by middle-class white women from Western Europe and North America.<a href="#cite_note-Walker-94">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-BFT-98">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-Narayan-139">[138]</a> However, women of other races have proposed alternative feminisms.<a href="#cite_note-BFT-98">[97]</a> This trend accelerated in the 1960s with the civil rights movement in the United States and the end of Western European colonialism in Africa, the Caribbean, parts of Latin America, and Southeast Asia. Since that time, women in <a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">developing nations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Postcolonialism" title="Postcolonialism">former colonies</a> and who are of colour or various ethnicities or living in poverty have proposed additional feminisms.<a href="#cite_note-Narayan-139">[138]</a> <a href="/wiki/Womanism" title="Womanism">Womanism</a><a href="#cite_note-Ogunyemi-140">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kolawole-141">[140]</a> emerged after early feminist movements were largely white and middle-class.<a href="#cite_note-Walker-94">[93]</a> Postcolonial feminists argue that colonial oppression and Western feminism marginalized postcolonial women but did not turn them passive or voiceless.<a href="#cite_note-Weedon-16">[15]</a> <a href="/wiki/Third-world_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-world feminism">Third-world feminism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_feminism" title="Indigenous feminism">indigenous feminism</a> are closely related to postcolonial feminism.<a href="#cite_note-Narayan-139">[138]</a> These ideas also correspond with ideas in <a href="/wiki/African_feminism" title="African feminism">African feminism</a>, motherism,<a href="#cite_note-Acholonu-142">[141]</a> Stiwanism,<a href="#cite_note-Ogundipe-Leslie-143">[142]</a> negofeminism,<a href="#cite_note-Nnaemeka-144">[143]</a> femalism, <a href="/wiki/Transnational_feminism" title="Transnational feminism">transnational feminism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Africana_womanism" title="Africana womanism">Africana womanism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hudson-Weems-145">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Social_constructionist_ideologies">Social constructionist ideologies</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Social_construction_of_gender" title="Social construction of gender">Social construction of gender</a></div> In the late 20th century various feminists began to argue that gender roles are <a href="/wiki/Social_construction" class="mw-redirect" title="Social construction">socially constructed</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Butler-146">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-West&Zimmerman-147">[146]</a> and that it is impossible to generalize women's experiences across cultures and histories.<a href="#cite_note-Benhabib-148">[147]</a> <a href="/wiki/Post-structural_feminism" title="Post-structural feminism">Post-structural feminism</a> draws on the philosophies of <a href="/wiki/Post-structuralism" title="Post-structuralism">post-structuralism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deconstruction" title="Deconstruction">deconstruction</a> in order to argue that the concept of gender is created socially and culturally through <a href="/wiki/Discourse" title="Discourse">discourse</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Postmodern_feminism" title="Postmodern feminism">Postmodern feminists</a> also emphasize the social construction of gender and the discursive nature of reality;<a href="#cite_note-Butler-146">[145]</a> however, as <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Abbott" title="Pamela Abbott">Pamela Abbott</a> et al. write, a postmodern approach to feminism highlights "the existence of multiple truths (rather than simply men and women's standpoints)".<a href="#cite_note-150">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transgender_people">Transgender people</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_transgender_topics" title="Feminist views on transgender topics">Feminist views on transgender topics</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Third-wave_feminists" class="mw-redirect" title="Third-wave feminists">Third-wave feminists</a> tend to view the struggle for <a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights">trans rights</a> as an integral part of <a href="/wiki/Intersectional_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Intersectional feminism">intersectional feminism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-grady_vox-151">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/Fourth-wave_feminism" title="Fourth-wave feminism">Fourth-wave feminists</a> also tend to be trans-inclusive.<a href="#cite_note-grady_vox-151">[150]</a> The American <a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a> (NOW) president <a href="/wiki/Terry_O%27Neill_(feminist)" title="Terry O'Neill (feminist)">Terry O'Neill</a> said the struggle against <a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">transphobia</a> is a feminist issue<a href="#cite_note-now-152">[151]</a> and NOW has affirmed that "trans women are women, trans girls are girls."<a href="#cite_note-now2-153">[152]</a> Several studies have found that people who identify as feminists tend to be more accepting of trans people than those who do not.<a href="#cite_note-154">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[155]</a> An ideology variously known as <a href="/wiki/TERF" class="mw-redirect" title="TERF">trans-exclusionary radical feminism</a> (or its acronym, TERF)<a href="#cite_note-MacDonald_2015-157">[156]</a> or gender-critical feminism is critical of concepts of <a href="/wiki/Gender_identity" title="Gender identity">gender identity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Transgender rights">transgender rights</a>, holding that <a href="/wiki/Biological_sex" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological sex">biological sex</a> characteristics are an immutable determination of gender or supersede the importance of gender identity,<a href="#cite_note-158">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gordon-2021-160">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-Faulkner-2021-161">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-Observer-2021-162">[161]</a> that trans women are not women, and that trans men are not men.<a href="#cite_note-Flaherty_2018-163">[162]</a> These views have been described as <a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">transphobic</a> by many other feminists.<a href="#cite_note-Miller_2018-164">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-dalbey_terfwars-165">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-usatoday_2017-03-16-166">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lewis_2019-167">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-lgbtqnation_2017-10-23-168">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-indy_2019-06-24-169">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cultural_movements">Cultural movements</h4></div> Riot grrrls took an <a href="/wiki/Anti-corporate" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-corporate">anti-corporate</a> stance of <a href="/wiki/Self-sufficiency" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-sufficiency">self-sufficiency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">self-reliance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rowe-Finbeiner-170">[169]</a> Riot grrrl's emphasis on universal female identity and separatism often appears more closely allied with second-wave feminism than with the third wave.<a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg_Garofalo-171">[170]</a> The movement encouraged and made "adolescent girls' standpoints central", allowing them to express themselves fully.<a href="#cite_note-Code-172">[171]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lipstick_feminism" title="Lipstick feminism">Lipstick feminism</a> is a cultural feminist movement that attempts to respond to the backlash of second-wave radical feminism of the 1960s and 1970s by reclaiming symbols of "feminine" identity such as make-up, suggestive clothing and having a sexual allure as valid and empowering personal choices.<a href="#cite_note-173">[172]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> According to 2014 <a href="/wiki/Ipsos" title="Ipsos">Ipsos</a> poll covering 15 developed countries, 53 percent of respondents identified as feminists, and 87 percent agreed that "women should be treated equally to men in all areas based on their competency, not their gender". However, only 55 percent of women agreed that they have "full equality with men and the freedom to reach their full dreams and aspirations".<a href="#cite_note-ipsos-175">[174]</a> Taken together, these studies reflect the importance differentiating between claiming a "feminist identity" and holding "feminist attitudes or beliefs".<a href="#cite_note-176">[175]</a> According to a 2015 poll, 18 percent of Americans use the label of "feminist" to describe themselves, while 85 percent are feminists in practice as they reported they believe in "equality for women". The poll found that 52 percent did not identify as feminist, 26 percent were unsure, and 4 percent provided no response.<a href="#cite_note-177">[176]</a> Sociological research shows that, in the US, increased educational attainment is associated with greater support for feminist issues. In addition, politically liberal people are more likely to support feminist ideals compared to those who are conservative.<a href="#cite_note-178">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[178]</a> According to a 2016 <a href="/wiki/Survation" title="Survation">Survation</a> poll for the <a href="/wiki/Fawcett_Society" title="Fawcett Society">Fawcett Society</a>, 7 percent of Britons use the label of "feminist" to describe themselves, while 83 percent say they support equality of opportunity for women – this included higher support from men (86%) than women (81%).<a href="#cite_note-180">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sexuality">Sexuality</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_sexuality" title="Feminist views on sexuality">Feminist views on sexuality</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_sexuality" title="Feminist views on sexuality">Feminist views on sexuality</a> vary, and have differed by historical period and by cultural context. Feminist attitudes to female sexuality have taken a few different directions. Matters such as the <a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">sex industry</a>, sexual representation in the media, and issues regarding consent to sex under conditions of male dominance have been particularly controversial among feminists. This debate has culminated in the late 1970s and the 1980s, in what came to be known as the <a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">feminist sex wars</a>, which pitted <a href="/wiki/Anti-pornography_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-pornography movement">anti-pornography feminism</a> against <a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">sex-positive feminism</a>, and parts of the feminist movement were deeply divided by these debates.<a href="#cite_note-Duggan-182">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hansen-183">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gerhard-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leidholdt-185">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vance-186">[185]</a> Feminists have taken a variety of positions on different aspects of the <a href="/wiki/Sexual_revolution" title="Sexual revolution">sexual revolution</a> from the 1960s and 70s. Over the course of the 1970s, a large number of influential women accepted lesbian and <a href="/wiki/Bisexuality" title="Bisexuality">bisexual women</a> as part of feminism.<a href="#cite_note-187">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sex_industry">Sex industry</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sex_industry" title="Sex industry">Sex industry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_pornography" title="Feminist views on pornography">Feminist views on pornography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_prostitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist views on prostitution">Feminist views on prostitution</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feminist_sex_wars" title="Feminist sex wars">Feminist sex wars</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Male_prostitution#Feminist_studies" title="Male prostitution">Male prostitution § Feminist studies</a></div> Opinions on the sex industry are diverse. Feminists who are critical of the sex industry generally see it as the exploitative result of patriarchal social structures which reinforce sexual and cultural attitudes complicit in rape and sexual harassment. Alternately, feminists who support at least part of the sex industry argue that it can be a medium of feminist expression and reflect a woman's right to control and define her own sexuality. <a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist feminists</a> support the existence of a sex industry on the grounds that adult women have the right to consent to sexual acts as they choose and should have access to <a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">labor rights</a>, to earn money how they choose.<a href="#cite_note-188">[187]</a> In this view, banning the sex industry effectively strips women of their right to work and earn money on their own terms, treating them as children who cannot make decisions for themselves. In this view, women who consider the sex industry degrading do not have to partake in it. Women who do choose to work in the sex industry however should not be banned from doing so, given that they are doing so willingly. Libertarian Feminist Zine, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://feministsforliberty.com/reclaim-volume-1-issue-1/">Reclaim</a>, has argued that sex work has helped more women (including students, freelancers, and women in poverty) achieve financial independence than all <a href="/wiki/Grant_(money)" title="Grant (money)">government grants</a> combined. Feminist views of pornography range from condemnation of pornography as a form of violence against women, to an embracing of some forms of pornography as a medium of feminist expression and a legitimate career.<a href="#cite_note-Duggan-182">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hansen-183">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gerhard-184">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-Leidholdt-185">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vance-186">[185]</a> Similarly, feminists' views on prostitution vary, ranging from critical to supportive.<a href="#cite_note-189">[188]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Affirming_female_sexual_autonomy">Affirming female sexual autonomy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/My_body,_my_choice" title="My body, my choice">My body, my choice</a></div> For feminists, a woman's right to control her own <a href="/wiki/Right_to_sexuality" title="Right to sexuality">sexuality</a> is a key issue and one that is heavily contested between different branches of feminism. <a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">Radical feminists</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Catharine_MacKinnon" class="mw-redirect" title="Catharine MacKinnon">Catharine MacKinnon</a> argue that women have very little control over their own bodies, with female sexuality being largely controlled and defined by men in patriarchal societies. Radical feminists argue that sexual violence committed by men is often rooted in ideologies of male sexual entitlement and that these systems grant women very few legitimate options to refuse sexual advances.<a href="#cite_note-190">[189]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[190]</a> Some radical feminists have argued that women should not engage in heterosexual sex, and choose <a href="/wiki/Political_lesbianism" title="Political lesbianism">lesbianism</a> as a lifestyle and political choice, a view that has fallen out of favor, as <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">sexuality</a> is seen as largely biologically influenced rather than a choice one can make for political reasons. Some radical feminists argue that all cultures are, in one way or another, dominated by ideologies that deny women's right to sexual expression, because men under a patriarchy define sex on their own terms. This entitlement can take different forms, depending on the culture. In some <a href="/wiki/Conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative">conservative</a> and religious cultures marriage is regarded as an institution which requires a wife to be sexually available at all times, virtually without limit; thus, forcing or coercing sex on a wife is not considered a crime or even an abusive behaviour.<a href="#cite_note-192">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[192]</a> In 1968, radical feminist <a href="/wiki/Anne_Koedt" title="Anne Koedt">Anne Koedt</a> argued in her essay <a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Vaginal_Orgasm" title="The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm">The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm</a> that women's biology and the <a href="/wiki/Clitoris" title="Clitoris">clitoral</a> orgasm had not been properly analyzed and popularized, because men "have orgasms essentially by friction with the vagina" and not the clitoral area.<a href="#cite_note-194">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[194]</a> Other branches of feminism such as individualist feminism consider themselves <a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_movement" title="Sex-positive movement">sex-positive</a>, and see women's expression of their own sexuality as a right. In this view, what is or is not "degrading" is subjective, and each person has a right to decide for themselves what sexual acts they find degrading and if they want to participate in them or not. Individualist feminist, <a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">Wendy McElroy</a> wrote in her book, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/621306.XXX">XXX: A Woman's Right to Pornography</a>, "let's examine [...] the idea that pornography is degrading to women. Degrading is a subjective term. Personally, I find detergent commercials in which women become orgasmic over soapsuds to be tremendously degrading to women. I find movies in which prostitutes are treated like ignorant drug addicts to be slander against women. Every woman has the right—the need!—to define degradation for herself." According to this view, part of sexual autonomy is the right to define one's boundaries, desires and limits around their sexuality rather than accept a narrative in which all women are victims of men during a sex act. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science">Science</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_epistemology" title="Feminist epistemology">Feminist epistemology</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Harding" title="Sandra Harding">Sandra Harding</a> says that the "moral and political insights of the women's movement have inspired social scientists and biologists to raise critical questions about the ways traditional researchers have explained gender, sex and relations within and between the social and natural worlds."<a href="#cite_note-Harding_method-196">[195]</a> Some feminists, such as <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Hubbard" title="Ruth Hubbard">Ruth Hubbard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Fox_Keller" title="Evelyn Fox Keller">Evelyn Fox Keller</a>, criticize traditional <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric_of_science" title="Rhetoric of science">scientific discourse</a> as being historically biased towards a male perspective.<a href="#cite_note-197">[196]</a> A part of the feminist research agenda is the examination of the ways in which power inequities are created or reinforced in scientific and academic institutions.<a href="#cite_note-QCommRsrch-198">[197]</a> Physicist <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Randall" title="Lisa Randall">Lisa Randall</a>, appointed to a task force at Harvard by then-president <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Summers" title="Lawrence Summers">Lawrence Summers</a> after his controversial discussion of why women may be underrepresented in science and engineering, said, "I just want to see a whole bunch more women enter the field so these issues don't have to come up anymore."<a href="#cite_note-199">[198]</a> Lynn Hankinson Nelson writes that feminist empiricists find fundamental differences between the experiences of men and women. Thus, they seek to obtain knowledge through the examination of the experiences of women and to "uncover the consequences of omitting, misdescribing, or devaluing them" to account for a range of human experience.<a href="#cite_note-200">[199]</a> Another part of the feminist research agenda is the uncovering of ways in which power inequities are created or reinforced in society and in scientific and academic institutions.<a href="#cite_note-QCommRsrch-198">[197]</a> Furthermore, despite calls for greater attention to be paid to structures of gender inequity in the academic literature, structural analyses of gender bias rarely appear in highly cited psychological journals, especially in the commonly studied areas of psychology and personality.<a href="#cite_note-201">[200]</a> One criticism of feminist epistemology is that it allows social and political values to influence its findings.<a href="#cite_note-202">[201]</a> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Haack" title="Susan Haack">Susan Haack</a> also points out that feminist epistemology reinforces traditional stereotypes about women's thinking (as intuitive and emotional, etc.); <a href="/wiki/Meera_Nanda" title="Meera Nanda">Meera Nanda</a> further cautions that this may in fact trap women within "traditional gender roles and help justify patriarchy".<a href="#cite_note-203">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biology_and_gender">Biology and gender</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexual_differentiation" title="Sexual differentiation">Sexual differentiation</a></div> Modern feminism challenges the essentialist view of <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">gender</a> as biologically intrinsic.<a href="#cite_note-204">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[204]</a> For example, <a href="/wiki/Anne_Fausto-Sterling" title="Anne Fausto-Sterling">Anne Fausto-Sterling</a>'s book, Myths of Gender, explores the assumptions embodied in <a href="/wiki/Scientific" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific">scientific</a> research that support a biologically <a href="/wiki/Essentialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Essentialist">essentialist</a> view of gender.<a href="#cite_note-Fausto-Sterling-206">[205]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Delusions_of_Gender" title="Delusions of Gender">Delusions of Gender</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cordelia_Fine" title="Cordelia Fine">Cordelia Fine</a> disputes scientific evidence that suggests that there is an innate biological difference between men's and women's minds, asserting instead that cultural and societal beliefs are the reason for differences between individuals that are commonly perceived as sex differences.<a href="#cite_note-207">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feminist_psychology">Feminist psychology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_psychology" title="Feminist psychology">Feminist psychology</a></div> Feminism in psychology emerged as a critique of the dominant male outlook on psychological research where only male perspectives were studied with all male subjects. As women earned doctorates in psychology, women and their issues were introduced as legitimate topics of study. Feminist psychology emphasizes social context, lived experience, and qualitative analysis.<a href="#cite_note-208">[207]</a> Projects such as <a href="/wiki/Psychology%27s_Feminist_Voices" title="Psychology's Feminist Voices">Psychology's Feminist Voices</a> have emerged to catalogue the influence of feminist psychologists on the discipline.<a href="#cite_note-209">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_culture" title="Feminism in culture">Feminism in culture</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Design">Design</h3></div> There is a long history of feminist activity in <a href="/wiki/Design" title="Design">design</a> disciplines like <a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">graphic design</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fashion_design" title="Fashion design">fashion design</a>. This work has explored topics like beauty, DIY, <a href="/wiki/Feminine" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminine">feminine</a> approaches to design and community-based projects.<a href="#cite_note-210">[209]</a> Some iconic writing includes <a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Buckley" title="Cheryl Buckley">Cheryl Buckley</a>'s essays on design and patriarchy<a href="#cite_note-211">[210]</a> and Joan Rothschild's Design and Feminism: Re-Visioning Spaces, Places, and Everyday Things.<a href="#cite_note-212">[211]</a> More recently, Isabel Prochner's research explored how feminist perspectives can support positive change in industrial design, helping to identify systemic social problems and inequities in design and guiding <a href="/wiki/Socially_sustainable" class="mw-redirect" title="Socially sustainable">socially sustainable</a> and grassroots design solutions.<a href="#cite_note-213">[212]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Businesses">Businesses</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_businesses" title="Feminist businesses">Feminist businesses</a></div> Feminist activists have established a range of <a href="/wiki/Feminist_businesses" title="Feminist businesses">feminist businesses</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Feminist_bookstore" title="Feminist bookstore">feminist bookstores</a>, credit unions, presses, mail-order catalogs and restaurants. These businesses flourished as part of the second and third waves of feminism in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEchols1989269–278-214">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Feminist art movement</a></div> Corresponding with general developments within feminism, and often including such self-organizing tactics as the consciousness-raising group, the movement began in the 1960s and flourished throughout the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-Gopnik-216">[215]</a> Jeremy Strick, director of the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art,_Los_Angeles" title="Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles">Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles</a>, described the feminist art movement as "the most influential international movement of any during the postwar period", and <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Phelan" title="Peggy Phelan">Peggy Phelan</a> says that it "brought about the most far-reaching transformations in both artmaking and art writing over the past four decades".<a href="#cite_note-Gopnik-216">[215]</a> Feminist artist <a href="/wiki/Judy_Chicago" title="Judy Chicago">Judy Chicago</a>, who created <a href="/wiki/The_Dinner_Party" title="The Dinner Party">The Dinner Party</a>, a set of <a href="/wiki/Vagina_and_vulva_in_art" title="Vagina and vulva in art">vulva-themed ceramic plates</a> in the 1970s, said in 2009 to <a href="/wiki/ARTnews" title="ARTnews">ARTnews</a>, "There is still an institutional lag and an insistence on a male <a href="/wiki/Eurocentrism" title="Eurocentrism">Eurocentric</a> narrative. We are trying to change the future: to get girls and boys to realize that women's art is not an exception—it's a normal part of art history."<a href="#cite_note-217">[216]</a> A feminist approach to the visual arts has most recently developed through <a href="/wiki/Cyberfeminism" title="Cyberfeminism">cyberfeminism</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Posthuman" title="Posthuman">posthuman</a> turn, giving voice to the ways "contemporary female artists are dealing with gender, social media and the notion of embodiment".<a href="#cite_note-Ferrando_2016-218">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_literature" title="Feminist literature">Feminist literature</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture_f%C3%A9minine" title="Écriture féminine">Écriture féminine</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_feminist_literature" title="List of American feminist literature">List of American feminist literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_literature" title="List of feminist literature">List of feminist literature</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_poets" title="List of feminist poets">List of feminist poets</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Butler_signing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Butler_signing.jpg/220px-Butler_signing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Butler_signing.jpg/330px-Butler_signing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Butler_signing.jpg/440px-Butler_signing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1380" data-file-height="1055" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Octavia_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavia Butler">Octavia Butler</a>, award-winning feminist science fiction author</figcaption></figure> The feminist movement produced <a href="/wiki/Feminist_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminist fiction">feminist fiction</a>, feminist non-fiction, and <a href="/wiki/Feminist_poetry" title="Feminist poetry">feminist poetry</a>, which created new interest in <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_writing_(literary_category)" title="Women's writing (literary category)">women's writing</a>. It also prompted a general reevaluation of women's <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_history" title="Women's history">historical</a> and academic contributions in response to the belief that women's lives and contributions have been underrepresented as areas of scholarly interest.<a href="#cite_note-Blain-219">[218]</a> There has also been a close link between feminist literature and <a href="/wiki/Activism" title="Activism">activism</a>, with feminist writing typically voicing key concerns or ideas of feminism in a particular era. Much of the early period of feminist literary scholarship was given over to the rediscovery and reclamation of texts written by women. In Western feminist literary scholarship, Studies like <a href="/wiki/Dale_Spender" title="Dale Spender">Dale Spender</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Novel:_100_Good_Women_Writers_Before_Jane_Austen" title="Mothers of the Novel: 100 Good Women Writers Before Jane Austen">Mothers of the Novel</a> (1986) and Jane Spencer's The Rise of the Woman Novelist (1986) were ground-breaking in their insistence that women have always been writing. Commensurate with this growth in scholarly interest, various presses began the task of reissuing long-out-of-print texts. <a href="/wiki/Virago_Press" title="Virago Press">Virago Press</a> began to publish its large list of 19th- and early-20th-century novels in 1975 and became one of the first commercial presses to join in the project of reclamation. In the 1980s, <a href="/wiki/Pandora_Press" title="Pandora Press">Pandora Press</a>, responsible for publishing Spender's study, issued a companion line of 18th-century novels written by women.<a href="#cite_note-220">[219]</a> More recently, <a href="/wiki/Broadview_Press" title="Broadview Press">Broadview Press</a> continues to issue 18th- and 19th-century novels, many hitherto out of print, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Kentucky" title="University of Kentucky">University of Kentucky</a> has a series of republications of early women's novels. Particular works of literature have come to be known as key feminist texts. <a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman" title="A Vindication of the Rights of Woman">A Vindication of the Rights of Woman</a> (1792) by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft" title="Mary Wollstonecraft">Mary Wollstonecraft</a>, is one of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. <a href="/wiki/A_Room_of_One%27s_Own" title="A Room of One's Own">A Room of One's Own</a> (1929) by <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Woolf" title="Virginia Woolf">Virginia Woolf</a>, is noted in its argument for both a literal and figural space for women writers within a literary tradition dominated by patriarchy. The widespread interest in women's writing is related to a general reassessment and expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Literary_canon" class="mw-redirect" title="Literary canon">literary canon</a>. Interest in <a href="/wiki/Post-colonial_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-colonial literature">post-colonial literatures</a>, <a href="/wiki/LGBT_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT literature">gay and lesbian literature</a>, writing by people of colour, working people's writing, and the cultural productions of other historically marginalized groups has resulted in a whole scale expansion of what is considered "literature", and genres hitherto not regarded as "literary", such as children's writing, journals, letters, travel writing, and many others are now the subjects of scholarly interest.<a href="#cite_note-Blain-219">[218]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[221]</a> Most <a href="/wiki/Literary_genre" title="Literary genre">genres and subgenres</a> have undergone a similar analysis, so literary studies have entered new territories such as the "<a href="/wiki/Gothic_fiction#The_female_Gothic_and_The_Supernatural_Explained" title="Gothic fiction">female gothic</a>"<a href="#cite_note-223">[222]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Women_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Women in science fiction">women's science fiction</a>. According to Elyce Rae Helford, "Science fiction and fantasy serve as important vehicles for feminist thought, particularly as bridges between theory and practice."<a href="#cite_note-224">[223]</a> Feminist science fiction is sometimes taught at the university level to explore the role of social constructs in understanding gender.<a href="#cite_note-225">[224]</a> Notable texts of this kind are <a href="/wiki/Ursula_K._Le_Guin" title="Ursula K. Le Guin">Ursula K. Le Guin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Left_Hand_of_Darkness" title="The Left Hand of Darkness">The Left Hand of Darkness</a> (1969), <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Russ" title="Joanna Russ">Joanna Russ</a>' <a href="/wiki/The_Female_Man" title="The Female Man">The Female Man</a> (1970), <a href="/wiki/Octavia_Butler" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavia Butler">Octavia Butler</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Kindred_(novel)" title="Kindred (novel)">Kindred</a> (1979) and <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Atwood" title="Margaret Atwood">Margaret Atwood</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Handmaid%27s_Tale" class="mw-redirect" title="Handmaid's Tale">Handmaid's Tale</a> (1985). <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roswitha_of_Gandersheim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Roswitha_of_Gandersheim.jpg/220px-Roswitha_of_Gandersheim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Roswitha_of_Gandersheim.jpg/330px-Roswitha_of_Gandersheim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Roswitha_of_Gandersheim.jpg/440px-Roswitha_of_Gandersheim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="786" data-file-height="879" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hrotsvitha" title="Hrotsvitha">Hrotsvitha</a>, first female writer from the <a href="/wiki/Germanosphere" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanosphere">Germanosphere</a>, first female historian and first feminist playwright<a href="#cite_note-226">[225]</a></figcaption></figure> Feminist nonfiction has played an important role in voicing concerns about women's lived experiences. For example, <a href="/wiki/Maya_Angelou" title="Maya Angelou">Maya Angelou</a>'s <a href="/wiki/I_Know_Why_the_Caged_Bird_Sings" title="I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings">I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings</a> was extremely influential, as it represented the specific racism and sexism experienced by black women growing up in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-227">[226]</a> In addition, many feminist movements have embraced <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a> as a vehicle through which to communicate feminist ideas to public audiences through anthologies, poetry collections, and public readings.<a href="#cite_note-228">[227]</a> Moreover, historical pieces of writing by women have been used by feminists to speak about what women's lives were like in the past while demonstrating the power that they held and the impact they had in their communities.<a href="#cite_note-229">[228]</a> An important figure in the history of women's literature is <a href="/wiki/Hrotsvitha" title="Hrotsvitha">Hrotsvitha</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 935–973), a <a href="/wiki/Canoness" title="Canoness">canoness</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[229]</a> who was an early female poet in the German lands. As a historian, Hrotsvitha is one of the few writers to address women's lives from a woman's perspective during the <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Women in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[230]</a> Hrotsvitha's six short dramas are considered to be her magnum opus. She has been called "the most remarkable woman of her time"<a href="#cite_note-232">[231]</a> and an important figure in the history of women.<a href="#cite_note-233">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_music" title="Women's music">Women's music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women_in_music" title="Women in music">Women in music</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Billie_Holiday,_Downbeat,_New_York,_N.Y.,_ca._Feb._1947_(William_P._Gottlieb_04251).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Billie_Holiday%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04251%29.jpg/200px-Billie_Holiday%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04251%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Billie_Holiday%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04251%29.jpg/300px-Billie_Holiday%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04251%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Billie_Holiday%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04251%29.jpg/400px-Billie_Holiday%2C_Downbeat%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._Feb._1947_%28William_P._Gottlieb_04251%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4936" data-file-height="5152" /></a><figcaption>American jazz singer and songwriter <a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a> in New York City in 1947</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_music" title="Women's music">Women's music</a> (or womyn's music or wimmin's music) is the music by <a href="/wiki/Women_in_music" title="Women in music">women</a>, for women, and about women.<a href="#cite_note-NoSmPvtPty-234">[233]</a> The genre emerged as a musical expression of the second-wave feminist movement<a href="#cite_note-235">[234]</a> as well as the <a href="/wiki/Labour_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour (economics)">labour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Peace_movement" title="Peace movement">peace movements</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RadHarmonies-236">[235]</a> The movement was started by lesbians such as <a href="/wiki/Cris_Williamson" title="Cris Williamson">Cris Williamson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meg_Christian" title="Meg Christian">Meg Christian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Margie_Adam" title="Margie Adam">Margie Adam</a>, African-American women activists such as <a href="/wiki/Bernice_Johnson_Reagon" title="Bernice Johnson Reagon">Bernice Johnson Reagon</a> and her group <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Honey_in_the_Rock" title="Sweet Honey in the Rock">Sweet Honey in the Rock</a>, and peace activist <a href="/wiki/Holly_Near" title="Holly Near">Holly Near</a>.<a href="#cite_note-RadHarmonies-236">[235]</a> Women's music also refers to the wider industry of women's music that goes beyond the performing artists to include <a href="/wiki/Studio_musicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Studio musicians">studio musicians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">producers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sound_engineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Sound engineer">sound engineers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Technician" title="Technician">technicians</a>, cover artists, distributors, <a href="/wiki/Promoter_(entertainment)" title="Promoter (entertainment)">promoters</a>, and festival organizers who are also women.<a href="#cite_note-NoSmPvtPty-234">[233]</a> <a href="/wiki/Riot_grrrl" title="Riot grrrl">Riot grrrl</a> is an <a href="/wiki/Underground_music" title="Underground music">underground</a> feminist <a href="/wiki/Hardcore_punk" title="Hardcore punk">hardcore punk</a> movement described in the <a href="#Cultural_movements">cultural movements</a> section of this article. Feminism became a principal concern of <a href="/wiki/Musicology" title="Musicology">musicologists</a> in the 1980s<a href="#cite_note-mus-237">[236]</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/New_Musicology" class="mw-redirect" title="New Musicology">New Musicology</a>. Prior to this, in the 1970s, musicologists were beginning to discover women composers and performers, and had begun to review concepts of <a href="/wiki/Western_canon" title="Western canon">canon</a>, genius, genre and periodization from a feminist perspective. In other words, the question of how women musicians fit into traditional music history was now being asked.<a href="#cite_note-mus-237">[236]</a> Through the 1980s and 1990s, this trend continued as musicologists like <a href="/wiki/Susan_McClary" title="Susan McClary">Susan McClary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcia_Citron" title="Marcia Citron">Marcia Citron</a> and Ruth Solie began to consider the cultural reasons for the marginalizing of women from the received body of work. Concepts such as music as gendered discourse; professionalism; reception of women's music; examination of the sites of music production; relative wealth and education of women; popular music studies in relation to women's identity; patriarchal ideas in music analysis; and notions of gender and difference are among the themes examined during this time.<a href="#cite_note-mus-237">[236]</a> While the <a href="/wiki/Music_industry" title="Music industry">music industry</a> has long been open to having women in performance or entertainment roles, women are much less likely to have positions of authority, such as being the <a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">leader of an orchestra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theguardian.com-238">[237]</a> In popular music, while there are many women singers recording songs, there are very few women behind the <a href="/wiki/Audio_mixer" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio mixer">audio console</a> acting as <a href="/wiki/Record_producer#Women_in_producing" title="Record producer">music producers</a>, the individuals who direct and manage the recording process.<a href="#cite_note-239">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_film_theory" title="Feminist film theory">Feminist film theory</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_cinema" title="Women's cinema">Women's cinema</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg/180px-Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg/270px-Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg/360px-Faten_Hamama_1962.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1151" data-file-height="1740" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Faten_Hamama" title="Faten Hamama">Faten Hamama</a> (1931–2015), Egyptian film legend, inspired women all over the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-240">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[240]</a></figcaption></figure> Feminist cinema, advocating or illustrating feminist perspectives, arose largely with the development of <a href="/wiki/Feminist_film_theory" title="Feminist film theory">feminist film theory</a> in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Women who were radicalized during the 1960s by political debate and sexual liberation; but the failure of radicalism to produce substantive change for women galvanized them to form consciousness-raising groups and set about analysing, from different perspectives, dominant cinema's construction of women.<a href="#cite_note-242">[241]</a> Differences were particularly marked between <a href="/wiki/Feminist_film_theory#History" title="Feminist film theory">feminists on either side of the Atlantic</a>. 1972 saw the first feminist film festivals in the U.S. and U.K. as well as the first feminist film journal, <a href="/wiki/Women_%26_Film" title="Women & Film">Women & Film</a>. Trailblazers from this period included <a href="/wiki/Claire_Johnston_(film_theorist)" title="Claire Johnston (film theorist)">Claire Johnston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Laura_Mulvey" title="Laura Mulvey">Laura Mulvey</a>, who also organized the Women's Event at the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_International_Film_Festival" title="Edinburgh International Film Festival">Edinburgh Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-243">[242]</a> Other theorists making a powerful impact on feminist film include <a href="/wiki/Teresa_de_Lauretis" title="Teresa de Lauretis">Teresa de Lauretis</a>, Anneke Smelik and <a href="/wiki/Kaja_Silverman" title="Kaja Silverman">Kaja Silverman</a>. Approaches in philosophy and psychoanalysis fuelled feminist film criticism, feminist independent film and feminist distribution. It has been argued that there are two distinct approaches to independent, theoretically inspired feminist filmmaking. 'Deconstruction' concerns itself with analysing and breaking down codes of mainstream cinema, aiming to create a different relationship between the spectator and dominant cinema. The second approach, a feminist counterculture, embodies feminine writing to investigate a specifically feminine cinematic language.<a href="#cite_note-244">[243]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bracha_L._Ettinger" title="Bracha L. Ettinger">Bracha L. Ettinger</a> invented a field of notions and concepts that serve the research of cinema from feminine perspective: <a href="/wiki/The_Matrixial_Gaze" title="The Matrixial Gaze">The Matrixial Gaze</a>.<a href="#cite_note-245">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[245]</a> Ettinger's language include original concepts to discover feminine perspectives.<a href="#cite_note-247">[246]</a> Many writers in the fields of film theory and contemporary art<a href="#cite_note-248">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-249">[248]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[250]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[252]</a> are using the Ettingerian matrixial sphere (matricial sphere).<a href="#cite_note-254">[253]</a> During the 1930s–1950s heyday of the big Hollywood studios, the status of women in the industry was abysmal.<a href="#cite_note-255">[254]</a> Since then female directors such as <a href="/wiki/Sally_Potter" title="Sally Potter">Sally Potter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Breillat" title="Catherine Breillat">Catherine Breillat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claire_Denis" title="Claire Denis">Claire Denis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> have made art movies, and directors like <a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patty_Jenkins" title="Patty Jenkins">Patty Jenkins</a> have had mainstream success. This progress stagnated in the 1990s, and men outnumber women five to one in behind the camera roles.<a href="#cite_note-256">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-257">[256]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rose_Cohen_IMG_0437_1024.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Rose_Cohen_IMG_0437_1024.jpg/170px-Rose_Cohen_IMG_0437_1024.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Rose_Cohen_IMG_0437_1024.jpg/255px-Rose_Cohen_IMG_0437_1024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Rose_Cohen_IMG_0437_1024.jpg/340px-Rose_Cohen_IMG_0437_1024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>British-born suffragist <a href="/wiki/Rose_Cohen_(feminist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rose Cohen (feminist)">Rose Cohen</a> was executed in Stalin's <a href="/wiki/Great_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Terror">Great Terror</a> in 1937, two months after the execution of her Soviet husband.</figcaption></figure> Feminism had complex interactions with the major political movements of the 20th century. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Socialism">Socialism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics#Social_progressivism_and_counterculture" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing politics § Social progressivism and counterculture</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Socialist feminism</a></div> Since the late 19th century, some feminists have allied with socialism, whereas others have criticized socialist ideology for being insufficiently concerned about women's rights. <a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">August Bebel</a>, an early activist of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">German Social Democratic Party</a> (SPD), published his work Die Frau und der Sozialismus, juxtaposing the struggle for equal rights between sexes with social equality in general. In 1907 there was an <a href="/wiki/International_Socialist_Women%27s_Conferences#Stuttgart_1907" title="International Socialist Women's Conferences">International Conference of Socialist Women</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a> where suffrage was described as a tool of class struggle. <a href="/wiki/Clara_Zetkin" title="Clara Zetkin">Clara Zetkin</a> of the SPD called for women's suffrage to build a "socialist order, the only one that allows for a radical solution to the women's question".<a href="#cite_note-258">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-hww5-259">[258]</a> In Britain, the women's movement was allied with the <a href="/wiki/Labour_party_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour party (UK)">Labour party</a>. In the U.S., <a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Betty Friedan</a> emerged from a radical background to take leadership. <a href="/wiki/Radical_Women" title="Radical Women">Radical Women</a> is the oldest socialist feminist organization in the U.S. and is still active.<a href="#cite_note-260">[259]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolores_Ib%C3%A1rruri" title="Dolores Ibárruri">Dolores Ibárruri</a> (La Pasionaria) led the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Spain_(main)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of Spain (main)">Communist Party of Spain</a>. Although she supported equal rights for women, she opposed women fighting on the front and clashed with the <a href="/wiki/Anarcha-Feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcha-Feminism">anarcha-feminist</a> <a href="/wiki/Mujeres_Libres" title="Mujeres Libres">Mujeres Libres</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ib-261">[260]</a> Feminists in Ireland in the early 20th century included the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary" title="Revolutionary">revolutionary</a> <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republicanism" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Republicanism">Irish Republican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">suffragette</a> and <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> <a href="/wiki/Constance_Markievicz" title="Constance Markievicz">Constance Markievicz</a> who in 1918 was the first woman elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">British House of Commons</a>. However, in line with Sinn Féin <a href="/wiki/Abstentionism" title="Abstentionism">abstentionist</a> policy, she would not take her seat in the House of Commons.<a href="#cite_note-262">[261]</a> She was re-elected to the <a href="/wiki/Second_D%C3%A1il" title="Second Dáil">Second Dáil</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1921_Irish_elections" title="1921 Irish elections">elections of 1921</a>.<a href="#cite_note-elecs_irl-263">[262]</a> She was also a commander of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Citizens_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Citizens Army">Irish Citizens Army</a>, which was led by the socialist and self-described feminist Irish leader <a href="/wiki/James_Connolly" title="James Connolly">James Connolly</a>, during the 1916 <a href="/wiki/Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a>.<a href="#cite_note-264">[263]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fascism">Fascism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Fascism_and_ideology" title="Fascism and ideology">Fascism and ideology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Nazi_Germany" title="Women in Nazi Germany">Women in Nazi Germany</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Feministas_en_lucha_anti_Pinochet_(de_Kena_Lorenzini).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Feministas_en_lucha_anti_Pinochet_%28de_Kena_Lorenzini%29.jpg/220px-Feministas_en_lucha_anti_Pinochet_%28de_Kena_Lorenzini%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Feministas_en_lucha_anti_Pinochet_%28de_Kena_Lorenzini%29.jpg/330px-Feministas_en_lucha_anti_Pinochet_%28de_Kena_Lorenzini%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Feministas_en_lucha_anti_Pinochet_%28de_Kena_Lorenzini%29.jpg/440px-Feministas_en_lucha_anti_Pinochet_%28de_Kena_Lorenzini%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>Chilean feminists protest against the <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_of_Chile_(1973%E2%80%931990)" class="mw-redirect" title="Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990)">regime of Augusto Pinochet</a>.</figcaption></figure> Fascism has been prescribed dubious stances on feminism by its practitioners and by women's groups. Amongst other demands concerning social reform presented in the <a href="/wiki/Fascist_manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist manifesto">Fascist manifesto</a> in 1919 was expanding the suffrage to all Italian citizens of age 18 and above, including women (accomplished only in 1946, after the defeat of fascism) and eligibility for all to stand for office from age 25. This demand was particularly championed by special Fascist women's auxiliary groups such as the fasci femminilli and only partly realized in 1925, under pressure from dictator <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>'s more conservative coalition partners.<a href="#cite_note-hagg-265">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-passmore-266">[265]</a> Cyprian Blamires states that although feminists were among those who opposed the rise of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>, feminism has a complicated relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> movement as well. While Nazis glorified traditional notions of patriarchal society and its role for women, they claimed to recognize women's equality in employment.<a href="#cite_note-Blamires-267">[266]</a> However, Hitler and Mussolini declared themselves as opposed to feminism,<a href="#cite_note-Blamires-267">[266]</a> and after the rise of <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> in Germany in 1933, there was a rapid dissolution of the political rights and economic opportunities that feminists had fought for during the pre-war period and to some extent during the 1920s.<a href="#cite_note-hww5-259">[258]</a> Georges Duby et al. write that in practice fascist society was hierarchical and emphasized male virility, with women maintaining a largely subordinate position.<a href="#cite_note-hww5-259">[258]</a> Blamires also writes that <a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">neofascism</a> has since the 1960s been hostile towards feminism and advocates that women accept "their traditional roles".<a href="#cite_note-Blamires-267">[266]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_rights_movement_and_anti-racism">Civil rights movement and anti-racism</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> has influenced and informed the feminist movement and vice versa. Many American feminists adapted the language and theories of black equality activism and drew parallels between women's rights and the rights of non-white people.<a href="#cite_note-Levy-268">[267]</a> Despite the connections between the women's and civil rights movements, some tensions arose during the late 1960s and the 1970s as non-white women argued that feminism was predominantly white, straight, and middle class, and did not understand and was not concerned with issues of race and sexuality.<a href="#cite_note-269">[268]</a> Similarly, some women argued that the civil rights movement had sexist and homophobic elements and did not adequately address minority women's concerns.<a href="#cite_note-Levy-268">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-271">[270]</a> These criticisms created new feminist social theories about identity politics and the intersections of <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>, classism, and sexism; they also generated new feminisms such as black feminism and <a href="/wiki/Chicana_feminism" title="Chicana feminism">Chicana feminism</a> in addition to making large contributions to lesbian feminism and other integrations of <a href="/wiki/Queer_of_color_critique" title="Queer of color critique">queer of colour</a> identity.<a href="#cite_note-272">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-274">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a> has been criticized by feminist theory for having a negative effect on the female workforce population across the globe, especially in the global south. Masculinist assumptions and objectives continue to dominate economic and geopolitical thinking.<a href="#cite_note-Peterson-275">[274]</a>: 177  Women's experiences in non-industrialized countries reveal often deleterious effects of modernization policies and undercut orthodox claims that development benefits everyone.<a href="#cite_note-Peterson-275">[274]</a>: 175  Proponents of neoliberalism have theorized that by increasing women's participation in the workforce, there will be heightened economic progress, but feminist critics have stated that this participation alone does not further equality in gender relations.<a href="#cite_note-elias-276">[275]</a>: 186–98  Neoliberalism has failed to address significant problems such as the devaluation of feminized labour, the structural privileging of men and masculinity, and the politicization of women's subordination in the family and the workplace.<a href="#cite_note-Peterson-275">[274]</a>: 176  The "feminization of employment" refers to a conceptual characterization of deteriorated and devalorized labour conditions that are less desirable, meaningful, safe and secure.<a href="#cite_note-Peterson-275">[274]</a>: 179  Employers in the global south have perceptions about feminine labour and seek workers who are perceived to be undemanding, docile and willing to accept low wages.<a href="#cite_note-Peterson-275">[274]</a>: 180  Social constructs about feminized labour have played a big part in this, for instance, employers often perpetuate ideas about women as 'secondary income earners to justify their lower rates of pay and not deserving of training or promotion.<a href="#cite_note-elias-276">[275]</a>: 189  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Societal_impact">Societal impact</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_effects_on_society" title="Feminist effects on society">Feminist effects on society</a></div> The feminist movement has effected change in Western society, including women's suffrage; greater access to education; more equal payment to men; the right to initiate divorce proceedings; the right of women to make individual decisions regarding pregnancy (including access to contraceptives and abortion); and the right to own property.<a href="#cite_note-Messer-Davidow-10">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_rights">Civil rights</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CEDAW_Participation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/CEDAW_Participation.svg/440px-CEDAW_Participation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/CEDAW_Participation.svg/660px-CEDAW_Participation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/CEDAW_Participation.svg/880px-CEDAW_Participation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>Participation in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend">  Signed and ratified</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Acceded or succeeded</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Unrecognized state, abiding by treaty</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Only signed</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend">  Non-signatory</div></figcaption></figure> From the 1960s on, the campaign for women's rights<a href="#cite_note-quarterly-277">[276]</a> was met with mixed results<a href="#cite_note-278">[277]</a> in the U.S. and the U.K. Other countries of the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">EEC</a> agreed to ensure that discriminatory laws would be phased out across the European Community. Some feminist campaigning also helped reform attitudes to <a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">child sexual abuse</a>. The view that young girls cause men to have sexual intercourse with them was replaced by that of men's responsibility for their own conduct, the men being adults.<a href="#cite_note-279">[278]</a> In the U.S., the <a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a> (NOW) began in 1966 to seek women's equality, including through the <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" title="Equal Rights Amendment">Equal Rights Amendment</a> (ERA),<a href="#cite_note-280">[279]</a> which did not pass, although <a href="/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment#State_constitutions" title="Equal Rights Amendment">some states enacted their own</a>. Reproductive rights in the U.S. centred on the court decision in <a href="/wiki/Roe_v._Wade" title="Roe v. Wade">Roe v. Wade</a> enunciating a woman's right to choose whether to carry a pregnancy to term. The <a href="/wiki/Division_of_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Division of labor">division of labour</a> within households was affected by the increased entry of women into workplaces in the 20th century. Sociologist <a href="/wiki/Arlie_Russell_Hochschild" title="Arlie Russell Hochschild">Arlie Russell Hochschild</a> found that, in two-career couples, men and women, on average, spend about equal amounts of time working, but women still spend more time on housework,<a href="#cite_note-Hochschild1-281">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hochschild2-282">[281]</a> although <a href="/wiki/Cathy_Young" title="Cathy Young">Cathy Young</a> responded by arguing that women may prevent equal participation by men in housework and parenting.<a href="#cite_note-283">[282]</a> Judith K. Brown writes, "Women are most likely to make a substantial contribution when subsistence activities have the following characteristics: the participant is not obliged to be far from home; the tasks are relatively monotonous and do not require rapt concentration and the work is not dangerous, can be performed in spite of interruptions, and is easily resumed once interrupted."<a href="#cite_note-284">[283]</a> In international law, the <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Discrimination_Against_Women" title="Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women">Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women</a> (CEDAW) is an international convention adopted by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a> and described as an international <a href="/wiki/Bill_of_rights" title="Bill of rights">bill of rights</a> for women. It came into force in those nations ratifying it.<a href="#cite_note-285">[284]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jurisprudence">Jurisprudence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_legal_theory" title="Feminist legal theory">Feminist legal theory</a></div> Feminist jurisprudence is a branch of <a href="/wiki/Jurisprudence" title="Jurisprudence">jurisprudence</a> that examines the relationship between women and law. It addresses questions about the history of legal and social biases against women and about the enhancement of their legal rights.<a href="#cite_note-blacks-286">[285]</a> Feminist jurisprudence signifies a reaction to the <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of law">philosophical approach</a> of modern <a href="/wiki/Law#Legal_theory" title="Law">legal scholars</a>, who typically see the law as a process for interpreting and perpetuating a society's universal, gender-neutral ideals. Feminist legal scholars claim that this fails to acknowledge women's values or legal interests or the harms that they may anticipate or experience.<a href="#cite_note-minda-287">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Gender-neutral_language_in_English" class="mw-redirect" title="Gender-neutral language in English">Gender-neutral language in English</a></div> Proponents of gender-neutral language argue that the use of gender-specific language often implies male superiority or reflects an unequal state of society.<a href="#cite_note-288">[287]</a> According to The Handbook of English Linguistics, generic masculine pronouns and gender-specific job titles are instances "where English linguistic convention has historically treated men as prototypical of the human species."<a href="#cite_note-handbook_linguistics-289">[288]</a> <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a> chose "feminism" as its 2017 Word of the Year, noting that "Word of the Year is a quantitative measure of interest in a particular word."<a href="#cite_note-290">[289]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theology">Theology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Feminist theology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gender_of_God" title="Gender of God">Gender of God</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Goddess movement</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_080123-N-3385W-028_Cmdr._Adrienne_Simmons,_medical_provider_for_Provincial_Reconstruction_Team_Khost_and_only_woman_on_the_team,_speaks_at_the_groundbreaking_ceremony_for_a_women%27s_mosque_and_park_in_downtown_Khost_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/US_Navy_080123-N-3385W-028_Cmdr._Adrienne_Simmons%2C_medical_provider_for_Provincial_Reconstruction_Team_Khost_and_only_woman_on_the_team%2C_speaks_at_the_groundbreaking_ceremony_for_a_women%27s_mosque_and_park_in_downtown_Khost_City.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/US_Navy_080123-N-3385W-028_Cmdr._Adrienne_Simmons%2C_medical_provider_for_Provincial_Reconstruction_Team_Khost_and_only_woman_on_the_team%2C_speaks_at_the_groundbreaking_ceremony_for_a_women%27s_mosque_and_park_in_downtown_Khost_City.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/US_Navy_080123-N-3385W-028_Cmdr._Adrienne_Simmons%2C_medical_provider_for_Provincial_Reconstruction_Team_Khost_and_only_woman_on_the_team%2C_speaks_at_the_groundbreaking_ceremony_for_a_women%27s_mosque_and_park_in_downtown_Khost_City.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2504" data-file-height="1762" /></a><figcaption>Cmdr. Adrienne Simmons speaking at the 2008 ceremony for the only women's mosque in <a href="/wiki/Khost" title="Khost">Khost City</a>, a symbol of progress for growing women's rights in the <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtun</a> belt</figcaption></figure> Feminist theology is a movement that reconsiders the traditions, practices, scriptures, and theologies of religions from a feminist perspective. Some of the goals of feminist theology include increasing the role of women among the clergy and religious authorities, reinterpreting male-dominated imagery and language about God, determining women's place in relation to career and motherhood, and studying images of women in the religion's sacred texts.<a href="#cite_note-Bundesen-291">[290]</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian feminism</a> is a branch of feminist theology which seeks to interpret and understand Christianity in light of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_egalitarianism" title="Christian egalitarianism">equality</a> of <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Christianity" title="Women in Christianity">women</a> and men, and that this interpretation is necessary for a complete understanding of Christianity. While there is no standard set of beliefs among Christian feminists, most agree that God does not discriminate on the basis of sex, and are involved in issues such as the <a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women" title="Ordination of women">ordination of women</a>, male dominance and the balance of parenting in <a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_marriage" title="Christian views on marriage">Christian marriage</a>, claims of moral deficiency and inferiority of women compared to men, and the overall treatment of women in the church.<a href="#cite_note-Haddad-292">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-andeson-293">[292]</a> <a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic feminists</a> advocate women's rights, gender equality, and <a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">social justice</a> grounded within an Islamic framework. Advocates seek to highlight the deeply rooted teachings of equality in the <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_Quran" title="Women in the Quran">Quran</a> and encourage a questioning of the patriarchal interpretation of Islamic teaching through the Quran, <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> (sayings of <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Sharia#Women" title="Sharia">sharia</a> (law) towards the creation of a more equal and just society.<a href="#cite_note-294">[293]</a> Although rooted in Islam, the movement's pioneers have also used <a href="/wiki/Islam_and_secularism" title="Islam and secularism">secular</a> and Western feminist discourses and recognize the role of Islamic feminism as part of an integrated global feminist movement.<a href="#cite_note-295">[294]</a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhist_feminism" title="Buddhist feminism">Buddhist feminism</a> is a movement that seeks to improve the religious, legal, and <a href="/wiki/Social_status" title="Social status">social status</a> of <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Buddhism" title="Women in Buddhism">women within Buddhism</a>. It is an aspect of <a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">feminist theology</a> which seeks to advance and understand the equality of men and women morally, socially, spiritually, and in leadership from a Buddhist perspective. The Buddhist feminist <a href="/wiki/Rita_Gross" title="Rita Gross">Rita Gross</a> describes Buddhist feminism as "the radical practice of the co-humanity of women and men".<a href="#cite_note-296">[295]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish feminism</a> is a movement that seeks to improve the religious, legal, and social status of <a href="/wiki/Women_in_Judaism" title="Women in Judaism">women</a> within Judaism and to open up new opportunities for religious experience and leadership for Jewish women. The main issues for early Jewish feminists in these movements were the exclusion from the all-male prayer group or <a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">minyan</a>, the exemption from positive time-bound <a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">mitzvot</a>, and women's inability to function as witnesses and to initiate <a href="/wiki/Jewish_view_of_marriage#Divorce" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish view of marriage">divorce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Plaskow1997-297">[296]</a> Many Jewish women have become leaders of feminist movements throughout their history.<a href="#cite_note-298">[297]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dianic_Wicca" title="Dianic Wicca">Dianic Wicca</a> is a feminist-centred <a href="/wiki/Thealogy" title="Thealogy">thealogy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[298]</a> Secular or <a href="/wiki/Atheist_feminism" title="Atheist feminism">atheist feminists</a> have engaged in feminist criticism of religion, arguing that many religions have oppressive rules towards women and <a href="/wiki/Misogynistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Misogynistic">misogynistic</a> themes and elements in religious texts.<a href="#cite_note-300">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-301">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-302">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Patriarchy">Patriarchy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Patriarchy</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%22Female_Muslims-_The_tsar,_beys_and_khans_took_your_rights_away%22_%E2%80%93_Azeri,_Baku,_1921_(Mardjani).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%22Female_Muslims-_The_tsar%2C_beys_and_khans_took_your_rights_away%22_%E2%80%93_Azeri%2C_Baku%2C_1921_%28Mardjani%29.jpg/180px-%22Female_Muslims-_The_tsar%2C_beys_and_khans_took_your_rights_away%22_%E2%80%93_Azeri%2C_Baku%2C_1921_%28Mardjani%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%22Female_Muslims-_The_tsar%2C_beys_and_khans_took_your_rights_away%22_%E2%80%93_Azeri%2C_Baku%2C_1921_%28Mardjani%29.jpg/270px-%22Female_Muslims-_The_tsar%2C_beys_and_khans_took_your_rights_away%22_%E2%80%93_Azeri%2C_Baku%2C_1921_%28Mardjani%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/%22Female_Muslims-_The_tsar%2C_beys_and_khans_took_your_rights_away%22_%E2%80%93_Azeri%2C_Baku%2C_1921_%28Mardjani%29.jpg/360px-%22Female_Muslims-_The_tsar%2C_beys_and_khans_took_your_rights_away%22_%E2%80%93_Azeri%2C_Baku%2C_1921_%28Mardjani%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="386" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>"Female Muslims- The tsar, beys and khans took your rights away" – Soviet poster issued in <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>, 1921</figcaption></figure> Patriarchy is a social system in which society is organized around male authority figures. In this system, fathers have authority over women, children, and property. It implies the institutions of male rule and privilege and is dependent on female subordination.<a href="#cite_note-303">[302]</a> Most forms of feminism characterize patriarchy as an unjust social system that is oppressive to women. <a href="/wiki/Carole_Pateman" title="Carole Pateman">Carole Pateman</a> argues that the patriarchal distinction "between masculinity and femininity is the political difference between freedom and subjection."<a href="#cite_note-304">[303]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory" title="Feminist theory">feminist theory</a> the concept of patriarchy often includes all the social mechanisms that reproduce and exert male dominance over women. Feminist theory typically characterizes patriarchy as a social construction, which can be overcome by revealing and critically analyzing its manifestations.<a href="#cite_note-305">[304]</a> Some radical feminists have proposed that because patriarchy is too deeply rooted in society, separatism is the only viable solution.<a href="#cite_note-306">[305]</a> Other feminists have criticized these views as being anti-men.<a href="#cite_note-307">[306]</a><a href="#cite_note-308">[307]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[308]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Men_and_masculinity">Men and masculinity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Men_and_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Men and feminism">Men and feminism</a></div> Feminist theory has explored the social construction of masculinity and its implications for the goal of gender equality. The social construct of masculinity is seen by feminism as problematic because it associates males with aggression and competition, and reinforces patriarchal and unequal gender relations.<a href="#cite_note-Faludi-93">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-310">[309]</a> Patriarchal cultures are criticized for "limiting forms of masculinity" available to men and thus narrowing their life choices.<a href="#cite_note-Gardiner-311">[310]</a> Some feminists are engaged with men's issues activism, such as bringing attention to male rape and spousal battery and addressing negative social expectations for men.<a href="#cite_note-312">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-313">[312]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[313]</a> Male participation in feminism is generally encouraged by feminists and is seen as an important strategy for achieving full societal commitment to gender equality.<a href="#cite_note-hooks-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-315">[314]</a><a href="#cite_note-316">[315]</a> Many male feminists and <a href="/wiki/Pro-feminism" title="Pro-feminism">pro-feminists</a> are active in both women's rights activism, feminist theory, and masculinity studies. However, some argue that while male engagement with feminism is necessary, it is problematic because of the ingrained social influences of patriarchy in gender relations.<a href="#cite_note-317">[316]</a> The consensus today in feminist and masculinity theories is that men and women should cooperate to achieve the larger goals of feminism.<a href="#cite_note-Gardiner-311">[310]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions">Reactions</h2></div> Different groups of people have responded to feminism, and both men and women have been among its supporters and critics. Among American university students, for both men and women, support for feminist ideas is more common than self-identification as a feminist.<a href="#cite_note-318">[317]</a><a href="#cite_note-319">[318]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[319]</a> The US media tends to portray feminism negatively and feminists "are less often associated with day-to-day work/leisure activities of regular women".<a href="#cite_note-321">[320]</a><a href="#cite_note-322">[321]</a> However, as recent research has demonstrated, as people are exposed to self-identified feminists and to discussions relating to various forms of feminism, their own self-identification with feminism increases.<a href="#cite_note-323">[322]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pro-feminism">Pro-feminism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Pro-feminism" title="Pro-feminism">Pro-feminism</a></div> Pro-feminism is the support of feminism without implying that the supporter is a member of the feminist movement. The term is most often used in reference to men who are actively supportive of feminism. The activities of pro-feminist men's groups include anti-violence work with boys and young men in schools, offering sexual harassment workshops in workplaces, running community education campaigns, and counselling male perpetrators of violence. Pro-feminist men also may be involved in men's health, activism against pornography including anti-pornography legislation, <a href="/wiki/Men%27s_studies" title="Men's studies">men's studies</a>, and the development of gender equity curricula in schools. This work is sometimes in collaboration with feminists and women's services, such as domestic violence and rape crisis centres.<a href="#cite_note-Lingard-324">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-Kimmel-Tide-325">[324]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anti-feminism_and_criticism_of_feminism">Anti-feminism and criticism of feminism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Antifeminism</a></div> Anti-feminism is opposition to feminism in some or all of its forms.<a href="#cite_note-326">[325]</a> In the 19th century, anti-feminism was mainly focused on opposition to women's suffrage. Later, opponents of women's entry into institutions of higher learning argued that education was too great a physical burden on women. Other anti-feminists opposed women's entry into the labour force, or their right to join unions, to sit on juries, or to obtain birth control and control of their sexuality.<a href="#cite_note-327">[326]</a> Some people have opposed feminism on the grounds that they believe it is contrary to traditional values or religious beliefs. Some anti-feminists argue, for example, that social acceptance of divorce and non-married women is wrong and harmful, and that men and women are fundamentally different and thus their different traditional roles in society should be maintained.<a href="#cite_note-328">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-329">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-330">[329]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] Other anti-feminists oppose women's entry into the workforce, political office, and the voting process, as well as the lessening of male authority in families.<a href="#cite_note-331">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-332">[331]</a> Writers such as <a href="/wiki/Camille_Paglia" title="Camille Paglia">Camille Paglia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christina_Hoff_Sommers" title="Christina Hoff Sommers">Christina Hoff Sommers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Bethke_Elshtain" title="Jean Bethke Elshtain">Jean Bethke Elshtain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Fox-Genovese" title="Elizabeth Fox-Genovese">Elizabeth Fox-Genovese</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Daphne_Patai" title="Daphne Patai">Daphne Patai</a> oppose some forms of feminism, though they identify as feminists. They argue, for example, that feminism often promotes <a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">misandry</a> and the elevation of women's interests above men's, and criticize radical feminist positions as harmful to both men and women.<a href="#cite_note-Hoff_Sommers-17">[16]</a> Daphne Patai and <a href="/wiki/Noretta_Koertge" title="Noretta Koertge">Noretta Koertge</a> argue that the term "anti-feminist" is used to silence academic debate about feminism.<a href="#cite_note-Patai_Koertge-333">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-334">[333]</a> A meta-analysis in 2023 published in the journal Psychology of Women Quarterly investigated the stereotype of feminists' attitudes to men and concluded that feminist views of men were no different to that of non-feminists or men towards men and titled the phenomenon the misandry myth, based on "evidence that it is false and widespread".<a href="#cite_note-misandrymyth-335">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secular_humanism">Secular humanism</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Secular_humanism" title="Secular humanism">Secular humanism</a> is an ethical framework that attempts to dispense with any unreasoned dogma, pseudoscience, and superstition. Critics of feminism sometimes ask "Why feminism and not humanism?". Some humanists argue, however, that the goals of feminists and humanists largely overlap, and the distinction is only in motivation. For example, a humanist may consider abortion in terms of a utilitarian ethical framework, rather than considering the motivation of any particular woman in getting an abortion. In this respect, it is possible to be a humanist without being a feminist, but this does not preclude the existence of feminist humanism.<a href="#cite_note-336">[335]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[336]</a> Humanism played a significant role in protofeminism during the Renaissance period in such that humanists made educated women popular figures despite the challenge of the patriarchal organization of society.<a href="#cite_note-Ross-2009-338">[337]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/28px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/42px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/56px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Feminism" title="Portal:Feminism">Feminism portal</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-subordination_principle" title="Anti-subordination principle">Anti-subordination principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_feminism" title="Black feminism">Black feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonial_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Decolonial feminism">Decolonial feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_racism" title="Feminism and racism">Feminism and racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_Studies" title="Feminist Studies">Feminist Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_peace_research" title="Feminist peace research">Feminist peace research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_feminism_articles" title="Index of feminism articles">Index of feminism articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_feminism" title="Indigenous feminism">Indigenous feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_erasure" title="Lesbian erasure">Lesbian erasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_parties" title="List of feminist parties">List of feminist parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_queens_regnant" class="mw-redirect" title="List of queens regnant">List of queens regnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchy" title="Matriarchy">Matriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrilineality" title="Matrilineality">Matrilineality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_rights_movement" title="Men's rights movement">Men's rights movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_feminist_theory" title="Multiracial feminist theory">Multiracial feminist theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straw_feminism" title="Straw feminism">Straw feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_feminism" title="White feminism">White feminism</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Laura Brunell and <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Burkett" title="Elinor Burkett">Elinor Burkett</a> (<a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a>, 2019): "Feminism, the belief in social, economic, and political equality of the sexes."<a href="#cite_note-Brunell_&_Burkett-1">[1]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brunell_&_Burkett-1"><a href="#cite_ref-Brunell_&_Burkett_1-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrunellBurkett2024" class="citation web cs1">Brunell, Laura; <a href="/wiki/Elinor_Burkett" title="Elinor Burkett">Burkett, Elinor</a> (28 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/feminism">"Feminism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Inc." title="Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307152734/https://www.britannica.com/topic/feminism">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Feminism&rft.date=2024-02-28&rft.aulast=Brunell&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft.au=Burkett%2C+Elinor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Ffeminism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELengermannNiebrugge2010223-3"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELengermannNiebrugge2010223_3-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLengermannNiebrugge2010">Lengermann & Niebrugge 2010</a>, p. 223. </li> <li id="cite_note-Mendus-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Mendus_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMendus2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Mendus" title="Susan Mendus">Mendus, Susan</a> (2005) [1995]. "Feminism". In <a href="/wiki/Ted_Honderich" title="Ted Honderich">Honderich, Ted</a> (ed.). <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Philosophy" title="The Oxford Companion to Philosophy">The Oxford Companion to Philosophy</a> (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 291–294. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926479-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-926479-7"><bdi>978-0-19-926479-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feminism&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Philosophy&rft.pages=291-294&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-926479-7&rft.aulast=Mendus&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hawkesworth-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Hawkesworth_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawkesworth2006" class="citation book cs1">Hawkesworth, Mary E. (2006). Globalization and Feminist Activism. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 25–27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-3783-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-3783-5"><bdi>978-0-7425-3783-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Globalization+and+Feminist+Activism&rft.pages=25-27&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-3783-5&rft.aulast=Hawkesworth&rft.aufirst=Mary+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beasley-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Beasley_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeasley1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Beasley_(Australian_gender_studies_researcher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Beasley (Australian gender studies researcher)">Beasley, Chris</a> (1999). What Is Feminism?. New York: Sage. pp. 3–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-6335-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-6335-6"><bdi>978-0-7619-6335-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Is+Feminism%3F&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=3-11&rft.pub=Sage&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-6335-6&rft.aulast=Beasley&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGamble2001" class="citation book cs1">Gamble, Sarah (2001) [1998]. "Introduction". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JKAUXu9vpn0C">The Routledge Companion to Feminism and Postfeminism</a>. Routledge. pp. VII. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-24310-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-24310-0"><bdi>978-0-415-24310-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Feminism+and+Postfeminism&rft.pages=VII&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-24310-0&rft.aulast=Gamble&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJKAUXu9vpn0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Echols-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Echols_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Echols_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Echols_8-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEchols1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alice_Echols" title="Alice Echols">Echols, Alice</a> (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/daringtobebadrad0000echo">Daring to Be Bad: Radical Feminism in America, 1967–1975</a>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-1787-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-1787-6"><bdi>978-0-8166-1787-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daring+to+Be+Bad%3A+Radical+Feminism+in+America%2C+1967%E2%80%931975&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-1787-6&rft.aulast=Echols&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdaringtobebadrad0000echo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Distillations-9"><a href="#cite_ref-Distillations_9-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Roberts, Jacob (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencehistory.org/distillations/magazine/womens-work">"Women's Work"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Distillations_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Distillations (magazine)">Distillations</a>. Vol. 3, no. 1. pp. 6–11. Retrieved 22 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Distillations&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Work&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=6-11&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencehistory.org%2Fdistillations%2Fmagazine%2Fwomens-work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Messer-Davidow-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Messer-Davidow_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Messer-Davidow_10-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMesser-Davidow2002" class="citation book cs1">Messer-Davidow, Ellen (2002). Disciplining Feminism: From Social Activism to Academic Discourse. Durham, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">NC</a>: Duke University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2843-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-2843-8"><bdi>978-0-8223-2843-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disciplining+Feminism%3A+From+Social+Activism+to+Academic+Discourse&rft.place=Durham%2C+NC&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-2843-8&rft.aulast=Messer-Davidow&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hooks-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hooks_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hooks_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hooks_11-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFhooks2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">hooks, bell</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismisforeve00hook">Feminism Is for Everybody: Passionate Politics</a>. Cambridge, Mass.: South End Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-629-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-629-6"><bdi>978-0-89608-629-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminism+Is+for+Everybody%3A+Passionate+Politics&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-89608-629-6&rft.aulast=hooks&rft.aufirst=bell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffeminismisforeve00hook&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chodorow1989-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chodorow1989_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chodorow1989_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChodorow,_Nancy1989" class="citation book cs1">Chodorow, Nancy (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismpsychoan00chod_0">Feminism and Psychoanalytic Theory</a>. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05116-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05116-2"><bdi>978-0-300-05116-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminism+and+Psychoanalytic+Theory&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-300-05116-2&rft.au=Chodorow%2C+Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffeminismpsychoan00chod_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gilligan1977-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gilligan1977_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gilligan1977_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilligan1977" class="citation journal cs1">Gilligan, Carol (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210109134048/https://www.hepg.org/her-home/issues/harvard-educational-review-volume-47,-issue-4/herarticle/women-s-conceptions-of-self-and-of-morality_917">"In a Different Voice: Women's Conceptions of Self and of Morality"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Educational_Review" title="Harvard Educational Review">Harvard Educational Review</a>. 47 (4): 481–517. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17763%2Fhaer.47.4.g6167429416hg5l0">10.17763/haer.47.4.g6167429416hg5l0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0017-8055">0017-8055</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146763094">146763094</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hepg.org/her-home/issues/harvard-educational-review-volume-47,-issue-4/herarticle/women-s-conceptions-of-self-and-of-morality_917">the original</a> on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Educational+Review&rft.atitle=In+a+Different+Voice%3A+Women%27s+Conceptions+of+Self+and+of+Morality&rft.volume=47&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=481-517&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146763094%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0017-8055&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17763%2Fhaer.47.4.g6167429416hg5l0&rft.aulast=Gilligan&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhepg.org%2Fher-home%2Fissues%2Fharvard-educational-review-volume-47%2C-issue-4%2Fherarticle%2Fwomen-s-conceptions-of-self-and-of-morality_917&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArtwińskaMrozik2020" class="citation book cs1">Artwińska, Anna; Mrozik, Agnieszka (3 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YUDpDwAAQBAJ">Gender, Generations, And Communism in Central and Eastern Europe and Beyond</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-09514-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-09514-2"><bdi>978-1-000-09514-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender%2C+Generations%2C+And+Communism+in+Central+and+Eastern+Europe+and+Beyond&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020-06-03&rft.isbn=978-1-000-09514-2&rft.aulast=Artwi%C5%84ska&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft.au=Mrozik%2C+Agnieszka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYUDpDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maynard-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maynard_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maynard_15-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaynard1995" class="citation journal cs1">Maynard, Mary (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09612029500200089">"Beyond the 'Big Three': The Development of Feminist Theory into the 1990s"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_History_Review" title="Women's History Review">Women's History Review</a>. 4 (3): 259–281. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09612029500200089">10.1080/09612029500200089</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+History+Review&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+%27Big+Three%27%3A+The+Development+of+Feminist+Theory+into+the+1990s&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=259-281&rft.date=1995&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09612029500200089&rft.aulast=Maynard&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F09612029500200089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weedon-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weedon_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weedon_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeedon2002" class="citation journal cs1">Weedon, Chris (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131203002056/http://www.genderforum.org/issues/genderealisations/key-issues-in-postcolonial-feminism-a-western-perspective/">"Key Issues in Postcolonial Feminism: A Western Perspective"</a>. Gender Forum (1). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genderforum.org/issues/genderealisations/key-issues-in-postcolonial-feminism-a-western-perspective/">the original</a> on 3 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gender+Forum&rft.atitle=Key+Issues+in+Postcolonial+Feminism%3A+A+Western+Perspective&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Weedon&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genderforum.org%2Fissues%2Fgenderealisations%2Fkey-issues-in-postcolonial-feminism-a-western-perspective%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoff_Sommers-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoff_Sommers_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoff_Sommers_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSommers1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christina_Hoff_Sommers" title="Christina Hoff Sommers">Sommers, Christina Hoff</a> (1995). <a href="/wiki/Who_Stole_Feminism%3F_How_Women_Have_Betrayed_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Who Stole Feminism? How Women Have Betrayed Women">Who Stole Feminism? How Women Have Betrayed Women</a>. New York: Simon & Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whostolefeminism00chri/page/320">320</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-684-80156-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-684-80156-8"><bdi>978-0-684-80156-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Stole+Feminism%3F+How+Women+Have+Betrayed+Women&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-684-80156-8&rft.aulast=Sommers&rft.aufirst=Christina+Hoff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> M Wollstoncraft, <a href="/wiki/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman" title="A Vindication of the Rights of Woman">A Vindication of the Rights of Woman</a> (1792) <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Vindication_of_the_Rights_of_Woman/Chapter_IX">ch VII</a>, "From the respect paid to property flow, as from a poisoned fountain, most of the evils and vices which render this world such a dreary scene to the contemplative mind." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ue0dAAAAQBAJ">Mary Wollstonecraft, Pedagogy, and the Practice of Feminism</a>. Routledge. 18 July 2013. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781136753039" title="Special:BookSources/9781136753039"><bdi>9781136753039</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mary+Wollstonecraft%2C+Pedagogy%2C+and+the+Practice+of+Feminism&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-07-18&rft.isbn=9781136753039&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Due0dAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YGSV8ihuJfcC">Vindication: A Life of Mary Wollstonecraft</a>. Harper Collins. 17 March 2009. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780061866005" title="Special:BookSources/9780061866005"><bdi>9780061866005</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vindication%3A+A+Life+of+Mary+Wollstonecraft&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2009-03-17&rft.isbn=9780061866005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYGSV8ihuJfcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/womens-blog/2015/oct/05/original-suffragette-mary-wollstonecraft">"The Original Suffragette: The Extraordinary Mary Wollstonecraft"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TheGuardian.com" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a>. 5 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=The+Original+Suffragette%3A+The+Extraordinary+Mary+Wollstonecraft&rft.date=2015-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2Fwomens-blog%2F2015%2Foct%2F05%2Foriginal-suffragette-mary-wollstonecraft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://institute-genderequality.org/news-publications/feminism/feminism-18th-century-and-beyond/">"Feminism in the 18th century and beyond"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Feminism+in+the+18th+century+and+beyond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finstitute-genderequality.org%2Fnews-publications%2Ffeminism%2Ffeminism-18th-century-and-beyond%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1982" class="citation journal cs1">Goldstein, Leslie F. (1982). "Early Feminist Themes in French Utopian Socialism: The St.-Simonians And Fourier". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_History_of_Ideas" title="Journal of the History of Ideas">Journal of the History of Ideas</a>. 43 (1): 91–108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2709162">10.2307/2709162</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2709162">2709162</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+History+of+Ideas&rft.atitle=Early+Feminist+Themes+in+French+Utopian+Socialism%3A+The+St.-Simonians+And+Fourier&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=91-108&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2709162&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2709162%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Leslie+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vacarme.org/article1154.html">"Féminisme : Appelation D'origine - Vacarme"</a>. vacarme.org (in French). 2 September 1997. Retrieved 7 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vacarme.org&rft.atitle=F%C3%A9minisme+%3A+Appelation+D%27origine+-+Vacarme&rft.date=1997-09-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvacarme.org%2Farticle1154.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFayolle2018" class="citation journal cs1">Fayolle, Caroline (17 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.openedition.org/glad/1034">"Des Corps "Monstres". Historique Du Stigmate Féministe"</a>. GLAD! (4). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fglad.1034">10.4000/glad.1034</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2551-0819">2551-0819</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=GLAD%21&rft.atitle=Des+Corps+%22Monstres%22.+Historique+Du+Stigmate+F%C3%A9ministe&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2018-06-17&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fglad.1034&rft.issn=2551-0819&rft.aulast=Fayolle&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.openedition.org%2Fglad%2F1034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrever1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Grever, Maria (1994). "Dutch feminist pioneer <a href="/wiki/Mina_Kruseman" title="Mina Kruseman">Mina Kruseman</a> in a letter to Alexandre Dumas". Strijd Tegen De Stilte. Johanna Naber (1859–1941) En De Vrouwenstem in Geschiedenis (in Dutch). Hilversum Verloren. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-6550-395-1" title="Special:BookSources/90-6550-395-1"><bdi>90-6550-395-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dutch+feminist+pioneer+Mina+Kruseman+in+a+letter+to+Alexandre+Dumas&rft.btitle=Strijd+Tegen+De+Stilte.+Johanna+Naber+%281859%E2%80%931941%29+En+De+Vrouwenstem+in+Geschiedenis&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Hilversum+Verloren&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=90-6550-395-1&rft.aulast=Grever&rft.aufirst=Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffen1987" class="citation journal cs1">Offen, Karen (1987). "Sur L'origine Des Mots 'Féminisme' Et 'Féministe'". <a href="/wiki/Revue_d%27histoire_moderne_et_contemporaine" title="Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine">Revue d'histoire moderne et contemporaine</a>. 34 (3): 492–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Frhmc.1987.1421">10.3406/rhmc.1987.1421</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20529317">20529317</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+d%27histoire+moderne+et+contemporaine&rft.atitle=Sur+L%27origine+Des+Mots+%27F%C3%A9minisme%27+Et+%27F%C3%A9ministe%27&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=492-96&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Frhmc.1987.1421&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20529317%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Offen&rft.aufirst=Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cott-27"><a href="#cite_ref-cott_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCott1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nancy_F._Cott" title="Nancy F. Cott">Cott, Nancy F.</a> (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/groundingofmoder00cott/page/13">The Grounding of Modern Feminism</a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/groundingofmoder00cott/page/13">13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04228-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04228-3"><bdi>978-0-300-04228-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grounding+of+Modern+Feminism&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-300-04228-3&rft.aulast=Cott&rft.aufirst=Nancy+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgroundingofmoder00cott%2Fpage%2F13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-28"><a href="#cite_ref-oed_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/69192">"Feminism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a> (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 2012. <q>Advocacy of equality of the sexes and the establishment of the political, social, and economic rights of the female sex; the movement associated with this.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feminism&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fview%2FEntry%2F69192&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-spender-29"><a href="#cite_ref-spender_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpender1983" class="citation book cs1">Spender, Dale (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theresalwaysbeen00spenrich">There's Always Been a Women's Movement This Century</a>. London: Pandora Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theresalwaysbeen00spenrich/page/n98">1</a>–200. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780863580024" title="Special:BookSources/9780863580024"><bdi>9780863580024</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=There%27s+Always+Been+a+Women%27s+Movement+This+Century&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1-200&rft.pub=Pandora+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780863580024&rft.aulast=Spender&rft.aufirst=Dale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheresalwaysbeen00spenrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLerner1993" class="citation book cs1">Lerner, Gerda (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/creationoffemini00gerd">The Creation of Feminist Consciousness From the Middle Ages to Eighteen-Seventy</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/creationoffemini00gerd/page/n12">1</a>–20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Creation+of+Feminist+Consciousness+From+the+Middle+Ages+to+Eighteen-Seventy&rft.pages=1-20&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=Lerner&rft.aufirst=Gerda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcreationoffemini00gerd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-walters-31"><a href="#cite_ref-walters_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalters2005" class="citation book cs1">Walters, Margaret (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismveryshor00walt/page/1">Feminism: A Very Short Introduction</a>. Oxford University. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismveryshor00walt/page/1">1–176</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280510-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280510-2"><bdi>978-0-19-280510-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminism%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pages=1-176&rft.pub=Oxford+University&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280510-2&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffeminismveryshor00walt%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kinnaird-32"><a href="#cite_ref-kinnaird_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinnairdAstell1983" class="citation book cs1">Kinnaird, Joan; Astell, Mary (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/theresalwaysbeen00spenrich">"Inspired by ideas (1668–1731)"</a>. In Spender, Dale (ed.). There's Always Been a Women's Movement. London: Pandora Press. pp. 29–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780863580024" title="Special:BookSources/9780863580024"><bdi>9780863580024</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Inspired+by+ideas+%281668%E2%80%931731%29&rft.btitle=There%27s+Always+Been+a+Women%27s+Movement&rft.place=London&rft.pages=29-&rft.pub=Pandora+Press&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=9780863580024&rft.aulast=Kinnaird&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.au=Astell%2C+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftheresalwaysbeen00spenrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWitt2006" class="citation web cs1">Witt, Charlotte (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-femhist/index.html">"Feminist History of Philosophy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>. Retrieved 23 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Feminist+History+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Witt&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Ffeminism-femhist%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-taylor-34"><a href="#cite_ref-taylor_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1999" class="citation journal cs1">Allen, Ann Taylor (1999). "Feminism, Social Science, And the Meanings of Modernity: The Debate on the Origin of the Family in Europe and the United States, 1860–1914". <a href="/wiki/The_American_Historical_Review" title="The American Historical Review">The American Historical Review</a>. 104 (4): 1085–113. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2Fahr%2F104.4.1085">10.1086/ahr/104.4.1085</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2649562">2649562</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19291893">19291893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Feminism%2C+Social+Science%2C+And+the+Meanings+of+Modernity%3A+The+Debate+on+the+Origin+of+the+Family+in+Europe+and+the+United+States%2C+1860%E2%80%931914&rft.volume=104&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1085-113&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19291893&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2649562%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2Fahr%2F104.4.1085&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Ann+Taylor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-botting-houser-35"><a href="#cite_ref-botting-houser_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBottingHouser2006" class="citation journal cs1">Botting, Eileen Hunt; Houser, Sarah L. (2006). "'Drawing the Line of Equality': Hannah Mather Crocker on Women's Rights". <a href="/wiki/American_Political_Science_Review" title="American Political Science Review">American Political Science Review</a>. 100 (2): 265–78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003055406062150">10.1017/S0003055406062150</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27644349">27644349</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144730126">144730126</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=%27Drawing+the+Line+of+Equality%27%3A+Hannah+Mather+Crocker+on+Women%27s+Rights&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=265-78&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144730126%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27644349%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003055406062150&rft.aulast=Botting&rft.aufirst=Eileen+Hunt&rft.au=Houser%2C+Sarah+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Humm-36"><a href="#cite_ref-Humm_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumm1995" class="citation book cs1">Humm, Maggie (1995). The Dictionary of Feminist Theory. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. p. 251. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0133553895" title="Special:BookSources/978-0133553895"><bdi>978-0133553895</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dictionary+of+Feminist+Theory&rft.pages=251&rft.pub=Columbus%3A+Ohio+State+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0133553895&rft.aulast=Humm&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker1992-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Walker1992_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1992" class="citation magazine cs1">Walker, Rebecca (January–February 1992). "Becoming the Third Wave". <a href="/wiki/Ms._(magazine)" title="Ms. (magazine)">Ms.</a> pp. 39–41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ms.&rft.atitle=Becoming+the+Third+Wave&rft.pages=39-41&rft.date=1992-01%2F1992-02&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chamberlain2017-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Chamberlain2017_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChamberlain2017" class="citation book cs1">Chamberlain, Prudence (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8AIkDwAAQBAJ">The Feminist Fourth Wave: Affective Temporality</a>. Cham: Springer. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-319-53682-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-319-53682-8"><bdi>978-3-319-53682-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feminist+Fourth+Wave%3A+Affective+Temporality&rft.place=Cham&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-3-319-53682-8&rft.aulast=Chamberlain&rft.aufirst=Prudence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8AIkDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Suffragettes_to_Grrls-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Suffragettes_to_Grrls_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrolokkeSorensen2005" class="citation book cs1">Krolokke, Charlotte; Sorensen, Anne Scott (2005). "Three Waves of Feminism: From Suffragettes to Grrls". Gender Communication Theories and Analyses: From Silence to Performance. Sage. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2918-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2918-5"><bdi>978-0-7619-2918-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Three+Waves+of+Feminism%3A+From+Suffragettes+to+Grrls&rft.btitle=Gender+Communication+Theories+and+Analyses%3A+From+Silence+to+Performance&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Sage&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-2918-5&rft.aulast=Krolokke&rft.aufirst=Charlotte&rft.au=Sorensen%2C+Anne+Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/feminism/The-fourth-wave-of-feminism">"Feminism - The Fourth Wave of Feminism"</a>. Britannica. Retrieved 29 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Feminism+-+The+Fourth+Wave+of+Feminism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Ffeminism%2FThe-fourth-wave-of-feminism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190804075911/https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/issues/feminism-the-fourth-wave/">"Feminism: The Fourth Wave"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopedia Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/explore/100women/issues/feminism-the-fourth-wave/">the original</a> on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Feminism%3A+The+Fourth+Wave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fexplore%2F100women%2Fissues%2Ffeminism-the-fourth-wave%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWroath1998" class="citation book cs1">Wroath, John (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/untiltheyareseve00wroa">Until They Are Seven, The Origins of Women's Legal Rights</a>. Waterside Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-872870-57-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-872870-57-0"><bdi>1-872870-57-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Until+They+Are+Seven%2C+The+Origins+of+Women%27s+Legal+Rights&rft.pub=Waterside+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-872870-57-0&rft.aulast=Wroath&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Funtiltheyareseve00wroa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell1997" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell, L. G. (1997). Lord Melbourne, 1779–1848. Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lord+Melbourne%2C+1779%E2%80%931848&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Mitchell&rft.aufirst=L.+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerkins1909" class="citation book cs1">Perkins, Jane Gray (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_FJBpAAAAMAAJ">The Life of the Honourable Mrs. Norton</a>. John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+the+Honourable+Mrs.+Norton&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Perkins&rft.aufirst=Jane+Gray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_FJBpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MWPA1882-45"><a href="#cite_ref-MWPA1882_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Vict/45-46/75/introduction">"Married Women's Property Act 1882"</a>. legislation.gov.uk. UK Government. 1882. Retrieved 17 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Married+Women%27s+Property+Act+1882&rft.date=1882&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2FVict%2F45-46%2F75%2Fintroduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NoTurningBack464-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NoTurningBack464_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NoTurningBack464_46-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NoTurningBack464_46-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NoTurningBack464_46-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedman,_Estelle_B.2003" class="citation book cs1">Freedman, Estelle B. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/noturningbackhis00free/page/464">No Turning Back: The History of Feminism and the Future of Women</a>. Ballantine Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/noturningbackhis00free/page/464">464</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-45053-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-345-45053-1"><bdi>978-0-345-45053-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+Turning+Back%3A+The+History+of+Feminism+and+the+Future+of+Women&rft.pages=464&rft.pub=Ballantine+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-345-45053-1&rft.au=Freedman%2C+Estelle+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnoturningbackhis00free%2Fpage%2F464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130914135838/http://www.elections.org.nz/votes-women">"Votes for Women Electoral Commission"</a>. Elections New Zealand. 13 April 2005. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elections.org.nz/votes-women">the original</a> on 14 September 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Votes+for+Women+Electoral+Commission&rft.pub=Elections+New+Zealand&rft.date=2005-04-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elections.org.nz%2Fvotes-women&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/Australian_Electoral_History/wright.htm">"Women and the Right to Vote in Australia"</a>. Australian Electoral Commission. 28 January 2011. Retrieved 26 April 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+and+the+Right+to+Vote+in+Australia&rft.pub=Australian+Electoral+Commission&rft.date=2011-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aec.gov.au%2FElections%2FAustralian_Electoral_History%2Fwright.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phillips-49"><a href="#cite_ref-Phillips_49-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips,_Melanie2004" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, Melanie (2004). The Ascent of Woman: A History of the Suffragette Movement and the Ideas Behind It. London: Abacus. pp. 1–370. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-349-11660-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-349-11660-0"><bdi>978-0-349-11660-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ascent+of+Woman%3A+A+History+of+the+Suffragette+Movement+and+the+Ideas+Behind+It&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1-370&rft.pub=Abacus&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-349-11660-0&rft.au=Phillips%2C+Melanie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner1999" class="citation magazine cs1">Warner, Marina (14 June 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080306060513/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991250,00.html">"Emmeline Pankhurst – Time 100 People of the Century"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,991250,00.html">the original</a> on 6 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Emmeline+Pankhurst+%E2%80%93+Time+100+People+of+the+Century&rft.date=1999-06-14&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Marina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C991250%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuether2012" class="citation book cs1">Ruether, Rosemary Radford (2012). Women and Redemption: A Theological History (2nd ed.). Minneapolis: Fortress Press. pp. 112–18, 136–39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-9816-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8006-9816-4"><bdi>978-0-8006-9816-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Redemption%3A+A+Theological+History&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pages=112-18%2C+136-39&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Fortress+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8006-9816-4&rft.aulast=Ruether&rft.aufirst=Rosemary+Radford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DuBois-52"><a href="#cite_ref-DuBois_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuBois,_Ellen_Carol1997" class="citation book cs1">DuBois, Ellen Carol (1997). Harriot Stanton Blatch and the Winning of Woman Suffrage. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-06562-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-06562-6"><bdi>978-0-300-06562-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harriot+Stanton+Blatch+and+the+Winning+of+Woman+Suffrage&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-300-06562-6&rft.au=DuBois%2C+Ellen+Carol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flexner-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Flexner_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlexner1996" class="citation book cs1">Flexner, Eleanor (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/century_fle_1996_00_7206/page/">Century of Struggle: The Woman's Rights Movement in the United States</a>. The Belknap Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/century_fle_1996_00_7206/page/">xxviii–xxx</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-10653-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-10653-6"><bdi>978-0-674-10653-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Century+of+Struggle%3A+The+Woman%27s+Rights+Movement+in+the+United+States&rft.pages=xxviii-xxx&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-674-10653-6&rft.aulast=Flexner&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcentury_fle_1996_00_7206%2Fpage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wheeler-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Wheeler_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler1995" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Marjorie W. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onewomanonevoter00spru/page/127">One Woman, One Vote: Rediscovering the Woman Suffrage Movement</a>. Troutdale, OR: NewSage Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onewomanonevoter00spru/page/127">127</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-939165-26-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-939165-26-1"><bdi>978-0-939165-26-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Woman%2C+One+Vote%3A+Rediscovering+the+Woman+Suffrage+Movement&rft.place=Troutdale%2C+OR&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=NewSage+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-939165-26-1&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Marjorie+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonewomanonevoter00spru%2Fpage%2F127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stevens-55"><a href="#cite_ref-Stevens_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevensO'Hare1995" class="citation book cs1">Stevens, Doris; O'Hare, Carol (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jailedforfreedom00stev/page/1">Jailed for Freedom: American Women Win the Vote</a>. Troutdale, OR: NewSage Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jailedforfreedom00stev/page/1">1–388</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-939165-25-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-939165-25-4"><bdi>978-0-939165-25-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jailed+for+Freedom%3A+American+Women+Win+the+Vote&rft.place=Troutdale%2C+OR&rft.pages=1-388&rft.pub=NewSage+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-939165-25-4&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Doris&rft.au=O%27Hare%2C+Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjailedforfreedom00stev%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kaplan-56"><a href="#cite_ref-kaplan_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan1985" class="citation journal cs1">Kaplan, Temma (1985). "On the Socialist Origins of International Women's Day". Feminist Studies. 11 (1): 163–171. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3180144">10.2307/3180144</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3180144">3180144</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Feminist+Studies&rft.atitle=On+the+Socialist+Origins+of+International+Women%27s+Day&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=163-171&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3180144&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3180144%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Temma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Women-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Women_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/womenwatch/feature/iwd/history.html">"History of International Women's Day"</a>. United Nations. Retrieved 26 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+International+Women%27s+Day&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fwomenwatch%2Ffeature%2Fiwd%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoHaboushPiggott2003" class="citation book cs1">Ko, Dorothy; Haboush, JaHyun Kim; Piggott, Joan R. (2003). Women and Confucian Cultures in Premodern China, Korea, And Japan. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23138-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23138-2"><bdi>978-0-520-23138-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+and+Confucian+Cultures+in+Premodern+China%2C+Korea%2C+And+Japan&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-520-23138-2&rft.aulast=Ko&rft.aufirst=Dorothy&rft.au=Haboush%2C+JaHyun+Kim&rft.au=Piggott%2C+Joan+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMa2010" class="citation book cs1">Ma, Yuxin (2010). Women Journalists and Feminism in China, 1898–1937. Cambria Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60497-660-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60497-660-1"><bdi>978-1-60497-660-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+Journalists+and+Feminism+in+China%2C+1898%E2%80%931937&rft.pub=Cambria+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60497-660-1&rft.aulast=Ma&rft.aufirst=Yuxin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrisLeeRubinstein2004" class="citation book cs1">Farris, Catherine S.; Lee, Anru; Rubinstein, Murray A. (2004). Women in the New Taiwan: Gender Roles and Gender Consciousness in a Changing Society. M.E. Sharpe. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0814-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-0814-7"><bdi>978-0-7656-0814-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+the+New+Taiwan%3A+Gender+Roles+and+Gender+Consciousness+in+a+Changing+Society&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-0814-7&rft.aulast=Farris&rft.aufirst=Catherine+S.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Anru&rft.au=Rubinstein%2C+Murray+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-Dooling-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dooling_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dooling_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDooling2005" class="citation book cs1">Dooling, Amy D. (2005). Women's Literary Feminism in 20th-Century China. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-6733-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-6733-6"><bdi>978-1-4039-6733-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Literary+Feminism+in+20th-Century+China&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-6733-6&rft.aulast=Dooling&rft.aufirst=Amy+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStangeOysterSloan2011" class="citation book cs1">Stange, Mary Zeiss; Oyster, Carol K.; Sloan, Jane E. (2011). Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World. SAGE. pp. 79–81. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-7685-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-7685-5"><bdi>978-1-4129-7685-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Women+in+Today%27s+World&rft.pages=79-81&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-7685-5&rft.aulast=Stange&rft.aufirst=Mary+Zeiss&rft.au=Oyster%2C+Carol+K.&rft.au=Sloan%2C+Jane+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golley-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Golley_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golley_63-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGolley2003" class="citation book cs1">Golley, Nawar Al-Hassan (2003). Reading Arab Women's Autobiographies: Shahrazad Tells Her Story. University of Texas Press. pp. 30–50. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-292-70545-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-292-70545-6"><bdi>978-0-292-70545-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+Arab+Women%27s+Autobiographies%3A+Shahrazad+Tells+Her+Story&rft.pages=30-50&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-292-70545-6&rft.aulast=Golley&rft.aufirst=Nawar+Al-Hassan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEttehadieh2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mansoureh_Ettehadieh" title="Mansoureh Ettehadieh">Ettehadieh, Mansoureh</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tLRgXf_e_CEC&pg=PA85">"The Origins and Development of the Women's Movement in Iran, 1906–41"</a>. In Beck, Lois; Nashat, Guity (eds.). Women in Iran from 1800 to the Islamic Republic. University of Illinois Press. pp. 85–106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07189-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-252-07189-8"><bdi>978-0-252-07189-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Origins+and+Development+of+the+Women%27s+Movement+in+Iran%2C+1906%E2%80%9341&rft.btitle=Women+in+Iran+from+1800+to+the+Islamic+Republic&rft.pages=85-106&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-252-07189-8&rft.aulast=Ettehadieh&rft.aufirst=Mansoureh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtLRgXf_e_CEC%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGheytanchi2000" class="citation book cs1">Gheytanchi, Elham (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iranchamber.com/society/articles/chronology_events_women_iran.php">"Chronology of Events Regarding Women in Iran since the Revolution of 1979"</a>. In Mack, Arien (ed.). Iran Since the Revolution. Social Research, Volume 67, No. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chronology+of+Events+Regarding+Women+in+Iran+since+the+Revolution+of+1979&rft.btitle=Iran+Since+the+Revolution&rft.series=Social+Research%2C+Volume+67%2C+No.+2&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Gheytanchi&rft.aufirst=Elham&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranchamber.com%2Fsociety%2Farticles%2Fchronology_events_women_iran.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bard-66"><a href="#cite_ref-Bard_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBard2007" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bard, Christine (May–June 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.histoire-politique.fr/index.php?numero=01&rub=dossier&item=7">"Les Premières Femmes Au Gouvernement (France, 1936–1981)"</a> [First Women in Government (France, 1936–1981)]. <a href="/wiki/Histoire@Politique" class="mw-redirect" title="Histoire@Politique">Histoire@Politique</a> (in French). 1 (1): 2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Fhp.001.0002">10.3917/hp.001.0002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Histoire%40Politique&rft.atitle=Les+Premi%C3%A8res+Femmes+Au+Gouvernement+%28France%2C+1936%E2%80%931981%29&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2007-05%2F2007-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Fhp.001.0002&rft.aulast=Bard&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.histoire-politique.fr%2Findex.php%3Fnumero%3D01%26rub%3Ddossier%26item%3D7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZivkovic2021" class="citation news cs1">Zivkovic, Olivera (7 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/switzerland-marks-50-years-of-women-voting/a-56469446">"Switzerland Marks 50 Years of Women Voting"</a>. dw.com. Retrieved 16 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=dw.com&rft.atitle=Switzerland+Marks+50+Years+of+Women+Voting&rft.date=2021-02-07&rft.aulast=Zivkovic&rft.aufirst=Olivera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fswitzerland-marks-50-years-of-women-voting%2Fa-56469446&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127151927/https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/WOM1373.doc.htm">"United Nations Press Release of a Meeting of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)"</a>. United Nations. 14 January 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2003/WOM1373.doc.htm">the original</a> on 27 January 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Press+Release+of+a+Meeting+of+the+Committee+on+the+Elimination+of+Discrimination+Against+Women+%28CEDAW%29&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.date=2003-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FNews%2FPress%2Fdocs%2F2003%2FWOM1373.doc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBro2020" class="citation web cs1">Bro, Alexandra (27 August 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cfr.org/blog/commemorating-nineteenth-amendment-womens-suffrage-home-and-abroad">"Commemorating the Nineteenth Amendment: Women's Suffrage at Home and Abroad"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations" title="Council on Foreign Relations">Council on Foreign Relations</a>. Retrieved 16 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commemorating+the+Nineteenth+Amendment%3A+Women%27s+Suffrage+at+Home+and+Abroad&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=2020-08-27&rft.aulast=Bro&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fblog%2Fcommemorating-nineteenth-amendment-womens-suffrage-home-and-abroad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Guillaumin-70"><a href="#cite_ref-Guillaumin_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuillaumin1994" class="citation book cs1">Guillaumin, Colette (1994). Racism, Sexism, Power, And Ideology. pp. 193–95.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Racism%2C+Sexism%2C+Power%2C+And+Ideology&rft.pages=193-95&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Guillaumin&rft.aufirst=Colette&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meltzer-71"><a href="#cite_ref-Meltzer_71-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeltzer1995" class="citation book cs1">Meltzer, Françoise (1995). Hot Property: The Stakes and Claims of Literary Originality. p. 88.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hot+Property%3A+The+Stakes+and+Claims+of+Literary+Originality&rft.pages=88&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Meltzer&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allison-72"><a href="#cite_ref-Allison_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllison1995" class="citation book cs1">Allison, Julie A. (1995). Rape: The Misunderstood Crime. p. 89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rape%3A+The+Misunderstood+Crime&rft.pages=89&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Allison&rft.aufirst=Julie+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bland-73"><a href="#cite_ref-Bland_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBland2002" class="citation book cs1">Bland, Lucy (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cl8nLdfgz1IC">Banishing the Beast: Feminism, Sex and Morality</a>. I. B. Tauris. pp. 135–49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-681-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-681-2"><bdi>978-1-86064-681-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 25 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Banishing+the+Beast%3A+Feminism%2C+Sex+and+Morality&rft.pages=135-49&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-681-2&rft.aulast=Bland&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCl8nLdfgz1IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalczewski1995" class="citation journal cs1">Palczewski, Catherine Helen (1 October 1995). "Voltairine de Cleyre: Sexual Slavery and Sexual Pleasure in the Nineteenth Century". <a href="/wiki/NWSA_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="NWSA Journal">NWSA Journal</a>. 7 (3): 54–68 [60]. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1040-0656">1040-0656</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4316402">4316402</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NWSA+Journal&rft.atitle=Voltairine+de+Cleyre%3A+Sexual+Slavery+and+Sexual+Pleasure+in+the+Nineteenth+Century&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=54-68+60&rft.date=1995-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4316402%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1040-0656&rft.aulast=Palczewski&rft.aufirst=Catherine+Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowellBurgess1997" class="citation book cs1">Crowell, Nancy A.; Burgess, Ann W. (1997). Understanding Violence Against Women. p. 127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Violence+Against+Women&rft.pages=127&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Crowell&rft.aufirst=Nancy+A.&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Ann+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergoffen2010" class="citation web cs1">Bergoffen, Debra (16 August 2010) [17 August 2004]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/beauvoir/">"Simone De Beauvoir"</a>. Metaphysics Research Lab, CSLI, Stanford University. Retrieved 4 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Simone+De+Beauvoir&rft.pub=Metaphysics+Research+Lab%2C+CSLI%2C+Stanford+University&rft.date=2010-08-16&rft.aulast=Bergoffen&rft.aufirst=Debra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fbeauvoir%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Whelehan-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Whelehan_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhelehan1995" class="citation book cs1">Whelehan, Imelda (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernfeministth0000whel">Modern Feminist Thought: From the Second Wave to 'Post-Feminism'</a>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modernfeministth0000whel/page/25">25–43</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-0621-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-0621-4"><bdi>978-0-7486-0621-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Feminist+Thought%3A+From+the+Second+Wave+to+%27Post-Feminism%27&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=25-43&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-0621-4&rft.aulast=Whelehan&rft.aufirst=Imelda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodernfeministth0000whel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hanisch-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Hanisch_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanisch2006" class="citation web cs1">Hanisch, Carol (1 January 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080515014413/http://scholar.alexanderstreet.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=2259">"Hanisch, New Intro to 'The Personal Is Political' – Second Wave and Beyond"</a>. The Personal Is Political. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholar.alexanderstreet.com/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=2259">the original</a> on 15 May 2008. Retrieved 8 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Personal+Is+Political&rft.atitle=Hanisch%2C+New+Intro+to+%27The+Personal+Is+Political%27+%E2%80%93+Second+Wave+and+Beyond&rft.date=2006-01-01&rft.aulast=Hanisch&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholar.alexanderstreet.com%2Fpages%2Fviewpage.action%3FpageId%3D2259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadran1996" class="citation book cs1">Badran, Margot (1996). Feminists, Islam, And Nation: Gender and the Making of Modern Egypt. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-02605-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-02605-3"><bdi>978-0-691-02605-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminists%2C+Islam%2C+And+Nation%3A+Gender+and+the+Making+of+Modern+Egypt&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-691-02605-3&rft.aulast=Badran&rft.aufirst=Margot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2000" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Bonnie G. (2000). Global Feminisms Since 1945. Psychology Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18491-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-18491-5"><bdi>978-0-415-18491-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Feminisms+Since+1945&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-18491-5&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Bonnie+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/16-31Jan04-Print-Edition/1631200425.htm">"Islamic Feminism Means Justice to Women"</a>. The Mili Gazette. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130821055118/https://www.milligazette.com/Archives/2004/16-31Jan04-Print-Edition/1631200425.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2013. Retrieved 31 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mili+Gazette&rft.atitle=Islamic+Feminism+Means+Justice+to+Women&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milligazette.com%2FArchives%2F2004%2F16-31Jan04-Print-Edition%2F1631200425.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-parpart-82"><a href="#cite_ref-parpart_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParpartConnellyConnellyBarriteau2000" class="citation book cs1">Parpart, Jane L.; Connelly, M. Patricia; Connelly, Patricia; Barriteau, V. Eudine; Barriteau, Eudine (2000). Theoretical Perspectives on Gender and Development. Ottawa, Canada: International Development Research Centre. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88936-910-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88936-910-8"><bdi>978-0-88936-910-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theoretical+Perspectives+on+Gender+and+Development&rft.place=Ottawa%2C+Canada&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=International+Development+Research+Centre&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-88936-910-8&rft.aulast=Parpart&rft.aufirst=Jane+L.&rft.au=Connelly%2C+M.+Patricia&rft.au=Connelly%2C+Patricia&rft.au=Barriteau%2C+V.+Eudine&rft.au=Barriteau%2C+Eudine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes2006-83"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes2006_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFox2006" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Margalit_Fox" title="Margalit Fox">Fox, Margalit</a> (5 February 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/05/us/betty-friedan-who-ignited-cause-in-feminine-mystique-dies-at-85.html">"Betty Friedan, Who Ignited Cause in 'Feminine Mystique,' Dies at 85"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124045206/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/05/us/betty-friedan-who-ignited-cause-in-feminine-mystique-dies-at-85.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 November 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Betty+Friedan%2C+Who+Ignited+Cause+in+%27Feminine+Mystique%2C%27+Dies+at+85&rft.date=2006-02-05&rft.aulast=Fox&rft.aufirst=Margalit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F02%2F05%2Fus%2Fbetty-friedan-who-ignited-cause-in-feminine-mystique-dies-at-85.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunt2016" class="citation book cs1">Hunt, Michael (2016). The World Transformed: 1945 to the Present. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 220–223. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-937102-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-937102-0"><bdi>978-0-19-937102-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Transformed%3A+1945+to+the+Present&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=220-223&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-19-937102-0&rft.aulast=Hunt&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/26/germaine-greer-female-eunuch-feminists-influence">"What Germaine Greer and The Female Eunuch Mean to Me"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. 26 January 2014. Retrieved 16 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=What+Germaine+Greer+and+The+Female+Eunuch+Mean+to+Me&rft.date=2014-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2014%2Fjan%2F26%2Fgermaine-greer-female-eunuch-feminists-influence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconversation.com/friday-essay-the-female-eunuch-at-50-germaine-greers-fearless-feminist-masterpiece-147437">"Friday Essay: The Female Eunuch at 50, Germaine Greer's Fearless, Feminist Masterpiece"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)" title="The Conversation (website)">The Conversation</a>. 9 October 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Friday+Essay%3A+The+Female+Eunuch+at+50%2C+Germaine+Greer%27s+Fearless%2C+Feminist+Masterpiece&rft.date=2020-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Ffriday-essay-the-female-eunuch-at-50-germaine-greers-fearless-feminist-masterpiece-147437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Piepmeier2009p45-87"><a href="#cite_ref-Piepmeier2009p45_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPiepmeier2009" class="citation book cs1">Piepmeier, Alison (2009). Girl Zines: Making Media, Doing Feminism. New York: New York University Press. p. 45. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814767733" title="Special:BookSources/9780814767733"><bdi>9780814767733</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Girl+Zines%3A+Making+Media%2C+Doing+Feminism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780814767733&rft.aulast=Piepmeier&rft.aufirst=Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeliciano2013" class="citation web cs1">Feliciano, Steve (19 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nypl.org/blog/2013/06/19/riot-grrrl-movement">"The Riot Grrrl Movement"</a>. New York Public Library. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130918002826/https://www.nypl.org/blog/2013/06/19/riot-grrrl-movement">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2013. <q>The emergence of the Riot Grrrl movement began in the early 1990s, when a group of women in Olympia, Washington, held a meeting to discuss how to address sexism in the punk scene. The women decided they wanted to start a 'girl riot' against a society they felt offered no validation of women's experiences. And thus the Riot Grrrl movement was born.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Riot+Grrrl+Movement&rft.pub=New+York+Public+Library&rft.date=2013-06-19&rft.aulast=Feliciano&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nypl.org%2Fblog%2F2013%2F06%2F19%2Friot-grrrl-movement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MsMagazineThirdWave-89">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MsMagazineThirdWave_89-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MsMagazineThirdWave_89-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1992" class="citation magazine cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Walker" title="Rebecca Walker">Walker, Rebecca</a> (January 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170115202333/http://www.msmagazine.com/spring2002/BecomingThirdWaveRebeccaWalker.pdf">"Becoming the Third Wave"</a> (PDF). Ms. pp. 39–41. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-8318">0047-8318</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/194419734">194419734</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.msmagazine.com/spring2002/BecomingThirdWaveRebeccaWalker.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 15 January 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ms.&rft.atitle=Becoming+the+Third+Wave&rft.pages=39-41&rft.date=1992-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F194419734&rft.issn=0047-8318&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.msmagazine.com%2Fspring2002%2FBecomingThirdWaveRebeccaWalker.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baumgardner_Richards-90"><a href="#cite_ref-Baumgardner_Richards_90-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaumgardnerRichards2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Baumgardner" title="Jennifer Baumgardner">Baumgardner, Jennifer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Amy_Richards" title="Amy Richards">Richards, Amy</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manifestayoungwo00baum/page/77">Manifesta: Young Women, Feminism, And the Future</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Farrar,_Straus_and_Giroux" title="Farrar, Straus and Giroux">Farrar, Straus and Giroux</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/manifestayoungwo00baum/page/77">77</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-52622-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-52622-1"><bdi>978-0-374-52622-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manifesta%3A+Young+Women%2C+Feminism%2C+And+the+Future&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-374-52622-1&rft.aulast=Baumgardner&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft.au=Richards%2C+Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmanifestayoungwo00baum%2Fpage%2F77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henry-91"><a href="#cite_ref-Henry_91-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenry2004" class="citation book cs1">Henry, Astrid (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/notmymotherssist0000henr/page/1/mode/2up">Not My Mother's Sister: Generational Conflict and Third-Wave Feminism</a>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. pp. 1–288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21713-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-21713-4"><bdi>978-0-253-21713-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Not+My+Mother%27s+Sister%3A+Generational+Conflict+and+Third-Wave+Feminism&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pages=1-288&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-253-21713-4&rft.aulast=Henry&rft.aufirst=Astrid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnotmymotherssist0000henr%2Fpage%2F1%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gillis-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gillis_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gillis_92-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGillisHowieMunford2007" class="citation book cs1">Gillis, Stacy; Howie, Gillian; Munford, Rebecca (2007). Third Wave Feminism: A Critical Exploration. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. xxviii, 275–76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-52174-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-52174-2"><bdi>978-0-230-52174-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Third+Wave+Feminism%3A+A+Critical+Exploration&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.pages=xxviii%2C+275-76&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-230-52174-2&rft.aulast=Gillis&rft.aufirst=Stacy&rft.au=Howie%2C+Gillian&rft.au=Munford%2C+Rebecca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Faludi-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Faludi_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Faludi_93-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaludi1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Faludi" title="Susan Faludi">Faludi, Susan</a> (1992). Backlash: The Undeclared War Against Women. London: Vintage. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-922271-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-922271-2"><bdi>978-0-09-922271-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Backlash%3A+The+Undeclared+War+Against+Women&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-09-922271-2&rft.aulast=Faludi&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-Walker-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_94-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walker_94-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker,_Alice1983" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Alice (1983). <a href="/wiki/In_Search_of_Our_Mothers%27_Gardens:_Womanist_Prose" class="mw-redirect" title="In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens: Womanist Prose">In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens: Womanist Prose</a>. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/insearchofourmot00walk/page/397">397</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-144525-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-144525-7"><bdi>978-0-15-144525-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+Our+Mothers%27+Gardens%3A+Womanist+Prose&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pages=397&rft.pub=Harcourt+Brace+Jovanovich&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-15-144525-7&rft.au=Walker%2C+Alice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heywood-95"><a href="#cite_ref-Heywood_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeslieDrake1997" class="citation book cs1">Leslie, Heywood; Drake, Jennifer (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thirdwaveagendab0000unse">Third Wave Agenda: Being Feminist, Doing Feminism</a>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3005-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3005-9"><bdi>978-0-8166-3005-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Third+Wave+Agenda%3A+Being+Feminist%2C+Doing+Feminism&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-3005-9&rft.aulast=Leslie&rft.aufirst=Heywood&rft.au=Drake%2C+Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthirdwaveagendab0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-Gilligan-96"><a href="#cite_ref-Gilligan_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilligan1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carol_Gilligan" title="Carol Gilligan">Gilligan, Carol</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indifferentvoic000gill">In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/indifferentvoic000gill/page/184">184</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-44544-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-44544-4"><bdi>978-0-674-44544-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+a+Different+Voice%3A+Psychological+Theory+and+Women%27s+Development&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-674-44544-4&rft.aulast=Gilligan&rft.aufirst=Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Findifferentvoic000gill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/standpoint-theory">"standpoint theory | feminism"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 10 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=standpoint+theory+%7C+feminism&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fstandpoint-theory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BFT-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BFT_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BFT_98-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BFT_98-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHill_Collins2000" class="citation book cs1">Hill Collins, P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackfeministtho0000coll">Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, And the Politics of Empowerment</a>. New York: Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blackfeministtho0000coll/page/n308">1</a>–335.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Feminist+Thought%3A+Knowledge%2C+Consciousness%2C+And+the+Politics+of+Empowerment&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1-335&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Hill+Collins&rft.aufirst=P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblackfeministtho0000coll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harding2003-99"><a href="#cite_ref-Harding2003_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarding2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Harding" title="Sandra Harding">Harding, Sandra</a> (2003). The Feminist Standpoint Theory Reader: Intellectual and Political Controversies. London: Routledge. pp. 1–16, 67–80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94501-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-94501-1"><bdi>978-0-415-94501-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feminist+Standpoint+Theory+Reader%3A+Intellectual+and+Political+Controversies&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1-16%2C+67-80&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-94501-1&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4thWave-Guardian20131210-100">^ <a href="#cite_ref-4thWave-Guardian20131210_100-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-4thWave-Guardian20131210_100-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCochrane2013" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kira_Cochrane" title="Kira Cochrane">Cochrane, Kira</a> (10 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/10/fourth-wave-feminism-rebel-women">"The Fourth Wave of Feminism: Meet the Rebel Women"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131210221939/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/dec/10/fourth-wave-feminism-rebel-women">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Fourth+Wave+of+Feminism%3A+Meet+the+Rebel+Women&rft.date=2013-12-10&rft.aulast=Cochrane&rft.aufirst=Kira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2013%2Fdec%2F10%2Ffourth-wave-feminism-rebel-women&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psa.ac.uk/psa/news/feminism-fourth-wave">"Feminism: A Fourth Wave? | The Political Studies Association (PSA)"</a>. Feminism: A fourth wave? | The Political Studies Association (PSA). Retrieved 29 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Feminism%3A+A+fourth+wave%3F+%7C+The+Political+Studies+Association+%28PSA%29&rft.atitle=Feminism%3A+A+Fourth+Wave%3F+%7C+The+Political+Studies+Association+%28PSA%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psa.ac.uk%2Fpsa%2Fnews%2Ffeminism-fourth-wave&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChamberlain2017115-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChamberlain2017115_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFChamberlain2017">Chamberlain 2017</a>, p. 115. </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSolomon2009" class="citation news cs1">Solomon, Deborah (13 November 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/15/magazine/15fob-q4-t.html">"The Blogger and Author on the Life of Women Online"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Magazine" title="The New York Times Magazine">The New York Times Magazine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180501082226/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/15/magazine/15fob-q4-t.html?_r=3">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2018. Retrieved 16 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Blogger+and+Author+on+the+Life+of+Women+Online&rft.date=2009-11-13&rft.aulast=Solomon&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F11%2F15%2Fmagazine%2F15fob-q4-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZerbisias2015" class="citation web cs1">Zerbisias, Antonia (16 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nowtoronto.com/news/feminisms-fourth-wave-is-the-shitlist/">"Feminism's Fourth Wave Is the Shitlist"</a>. NOW Toronto. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817170127/https://nowtoronto.com/feminisms-fourth-wave-is-the-shitlist">Archived</a> from the original on 17 August 2020. Retrieved 21 April 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NOW+Toronto&rft.atitle=Feminism%27s+Fourth+Wave+Is+the+Shitlist&rft.date=2015-09-16&rft.aulast=Zerbisias&rft.aufirst=Antonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnowtoronto.com%2Fnews%2Ffeminisms-fourth-wave-is-the-shitlist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> For Cosby, Ghomeshi, #MeToo, and fourth wave, see Matheson, Kelsey (17 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/kelsey-matheson/you-said-metoo-now-what-are-we-going-to-do-about-it_a_23246129/">"You Said #MeToo. Now What Are We Going To Do About It?"</a>, The Huffington Post.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> For Savile and fourth wave, see <a href="#CITEREFChamberlain2017">Chamberlain 2017</a>, pp. 114–115<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> For page three, Thorpe, Vanessa (27 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/27/new-generation-of-feminists-set-agenda">"What now for Britain's new-wave feminists – after page 3 and £10 notes?"</a>, The Guardian.<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> For Isla Vista killings, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett2014" class="citation news cs1">Bennett, Jessica (10 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/3319081/whyistayed-hashtag-feminism-activism/">"Behold the Power of #Hashtag Feminism"</a>. Time.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Behold+the+Power+of+%23Hashtag+Feminism&rft.date=2014-09-10&rft.aulast=Bennett&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F3319081%2Fwhyistayed-hashtag-feminism-activism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zacharek6Dec2017-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Zacharek6Dec2017_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZacharekDocktermanSweetland_Edwards2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Zacharek, Stephanie; Dockterman, Eliana; Sweetland Edwards, Haley (6 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-2017-silence-breakers/">"TIME Person of the Year 2017: The Silence Breakers"</a>. Time. Retrieved 26 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=TIME+Person+of+the+Year+2017%3A+The+Silence+Breakers&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft.aulast=Zacharek&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft.au=Dockterman%2C+Eliana&rft.au=Sweetland+Edwards%2C+Haley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2Ftime-person-of-the-year-2017-silence-breakers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedden2017" class="citation news cs1">Redden, Molly (6 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/dec/06/metoo-movement-named-time-magazines-person-of-the-year">"#MeToo movement named Time magazine's Person of the Year"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. Retrieved 7 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%23MeToo+movement+named+Time+magazine%27s+Person+of+the+Year&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Redden&rft.aufirst=Molly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmedia%2F2017%2Fdec%2F06%2Fmetoo-movement-named-time-magazines-person-of-the-year&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wright2000-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wright2000_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wright2000_108-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wright2000_108-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wright2000_108-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWright2000" class="citation book cs1">Wright, Elizabeth (2000). Lacan and Postfeminism (Postmodern Encounters). Totem Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84046-182-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84046-182-4"><bdi>978-1-84046-182-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lacan+and+Postfeminism+%28Postmodern+Encounters%29&rft.pub=Totem+Books&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-84046-182-4&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abbott-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Abbott_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbottTylerWallace2005" class="citation book cs1">Abbott, Pamela; Tyler, Melissa; Wallace, Claire (2005). An Introduction to Sociology: Feminist Perspectives (3rd ed.). Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PPp7dfrNTroC&q=no+longer+relevant">xi</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-38245-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-38245-3"><bdi>978-1-134-38245-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Sociology%3A+Feminist+Perspectives&rft.pages=xi&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-134-38245-3&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.au=Tyler%2C+Melissa&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Claire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mateo–Gomez-110"><a href="#cite_ref-Mateo–Gomez_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMateo–Gomez2009" class="citation book cs1">Mateo–Gomez, Tatiana (2009). "Feminist Criticism". In Richter, William L. (ed.). Approaches to Political Thought. Rowman & Littlefield. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mQn-AAAAQBAJ&q=feminism+no+longer+relevant">279</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4616-3656-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4616-3656-4"><bdi>978-1-4616-3656-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feminist+Criticism&rft.btitle=Approaches+to+Political+Thought&rft.pages=279&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4616-3656-4&rft.aulast=Mateo%E2%80%93Gomez&rft.aufirst=Tatiana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1994" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Amelia (1994). "Postfeminism, Feminist Pleasures, and Embodied Theories of Art". In Frueh, Joana; Langer, Cassandra L.; Raven, Arlene (eds.). New Feminist Criticism: Art, Identity, Action. New York: HarperCollins. pp. 16–41, 20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Postfeminism%2C+Feminist+Pleasures%2C+and+Embodied+Theories+of+Art&rft.btitle=New+Feminist+Criticism%3A+Art%2C+Identity%2C+Action&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=16-41%2C+20&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Amelia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChunn2011" class="citation book cs1">Chunn, Dorothy E. (1 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ASc568aunFoC&q=Take+It+Easy+Girls%22:+Feminism,+Equality,+and+Social+Change+in+the+Media&pg=PA31">""Take It Easy Girls": Feminism, Equality, and Social Change in the Media (2007)"</a>. In Chunn, Dorothy E.; Boyd, Susan; Lessard, Hester (eds.). Reaction and Resistance: Feminism, Law, And Social Change. UBC Press. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4036-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7748-4036-1"><bdi>978-0-7748-4036-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%22Take+It+Easy+Girls%22%3A+Feminism%2C+Equality%2C+and+Social+Change+in+the+Media+%282007%29&rft.btitle=Reaction+and+Resistance%3A+Feminism%2C+Law%2C+And+Social+Change&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2011-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7748-4036-1&rft.aulast=Chunn&rft.aufirst=Dorothy+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DASc568aunFoC%26q%3DTake%2BIt%2BEasy%2BGirls%2522%3A%2BFeminism%2C%2BEquality%2C%2Band%2BSocial%2BChange%2Bin%2Bthe%2BMedia%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zajko-113"><a href="#cite_ref-Zajko_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZajko,_VandaLeonard,_Miriam2006" class="citation book cs1">Zajko, Vanda; Leonard, Miriam (2006). Laughing With Medusa: Classical Myth and Feminist Thought. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 445. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927438-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-927438-3"><bdi>978-0-19-927438-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Laughing+With+Medusa%3A+Classical+Myth+and+Feminist+Thought&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=445&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-19-927438-3&rft.au=Zajko%2C+Vanda&rft.au=Leonard%2C+Miriam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howe-114"><a href="#cite_ref-Howe_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoweAguiar2001" class="citation book cs1">Howe, Mica; Aguiar, Sarah Appleton (2001). He Said, She Says: An RSVP To the Male Text. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 292. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-3915-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-3915-3"><bdi>978-0-8386-3915-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=He+Said%2C+She+Says%3A+An+RSVP+To+the+Male+Text&rft.place=Madison%2C+NJ&rft.pages=292&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-3915-3&rft.aulast=Howe&rft.aufirst=Mica&rft.au=Aguiar%2C+Sarah+Appleton&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollock2007" class="citation book cs1">Pollock, Griselda (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uKHpAAAAMAAJ">Encounters in the Virtual Feminist Museum: Time, Space and the Archive</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-41374-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-41374-9"><bdi>978-0-415-41374-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encounters+in+the+Virtual+Feminist+Museum%3A+Time%2C+Space+and+the+Archive&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-41374-9&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=Griselda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuKHpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-matrixial_borderspace-116"><a href="#cite_ref-matrixial_borderspace_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEttinger,_BrachaJudith_ButlerBrian_MassumiGriselda_Pollock2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bracha_Ettinger" class="mw-redirect" title="Bracha Ettinger">Ettinger, Bracha</a>; <a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Judith Butler</a>; Brian Massumi; Griselda Pollock (2006). The Matrixial Borderspace. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 245. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3587-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3587-0"><bdi>978-0-8166-3587-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Matrixial+Borderspace&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pages=245&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-3587-0&rft.au=Ettinger%2C+Bracha&rft.au=Judith+Butler&rft.au=Brian+Massumi&rft.au=Griselda+Pollock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrabeckBrown1997" class="citation book cs1">Brabeck, Mary; Brown, Laura (1997). "Feminist Theory and Psychological Practice.". In Worell, Judith; Johnson, Norine G. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.apa.org/books/10245-001">Shaping the future of feminist psychology: Education, research, and practice</a>. Washington: American Psychological Association. pp. 15–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1037%2F10245-001">10.1037/10245-001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55798-448-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55798-448-7"><bdi>978-1-55798-448-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 22 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feminist+Theory+and+Psychological+Practice.&rft.btitle=Shaping+the+future+of+feminist+psychology%3A+Education%2C+research%2C+and+practice.&rft.place=Washington&rft.pages=15-35&rft.pub=American+Psychological+Association&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1037%2F10245-001&rft.isbn=978-1-55798-448-7&rft.aulast=Brabeck&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.au=Brown%2C+Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcontent.apa.org%2Fbooks%2F10245-001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Florence-118"><a href="#cite_ref-Florence_118-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlorence,_PennyFoster,_Nicola2001" class="citation book cs1">Florence, Penny; Foster, Nicola (2001). Differential Aesthetics: Art Practices, Philosophy and Feminist Understandings. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate. p. 360. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-1493-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-1493-7"><bdi>978-0-7546-1493-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Differential+Aesthetics%3A+Art+Practices%2C+Philosophy+and+Feminist+Understandings&rft.place=Aldershot%2C+Hants%2C+England&rft.pages=360&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-1493-7&rft.au=Florence%2C+Penny&rft.au=Foster%2C+Nicola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-showalter1979-119"><a href="#cite_ref-showalter1979_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShowalter1979" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elaine_Showalter" title="Elaine Showalter">Showalter, Elaine</a> (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womenwritingwrit0000unse/page/25">"Towards a Feminist Poetics"</a>. In Jacobus, M. (ed.). Women Writing About Women. Croom Helm. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womenwritingwrit0000unse/page/25">25–36</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85664-745-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85664-745-1"><bdi>978-0-85664-745-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Towards+a+Feminist+Poetics&rft.btitle=Women+Writing+About+Women&rft.pages=25-36&rft.pub=Croom+Helm&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-85664-745-1&rft.aulast=Showalter&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomenwritingwrit0000unse%2Fpage%2F25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEttinger2006" class="citation book cs1">Ettinger, Bracha (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm62177997">The matrixial borderspace</a>. Theory out of bounds. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3586-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3586-3"><bdi>978-0-8166-3586-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/62177997">62177997</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+matrixial+borderspace&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.series=Theory+out+of+bounds&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2Focm62177997&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-3586-3&rft.aulast=Ettinger&rft.aufirst=Bracha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Focm62177997&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Moi1986-121"><a href="#cite_ref-Moi1986_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristevaMoi1986" class="citation book cs1">Kristeva, Julia; <a href="/wiki/Toril_Moi" title="Toril Moi">Moi, Toril</a> (1986). The Kristeva Reader. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-06325-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-06325-8"><bdi>978-0-231-06325-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kristeva+Reader&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=328&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-231-06325-8&rft.aulast=Kristeva&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft.au=Moi%2C+Toril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Voet-122"><a href="#cite_ref-Voet_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoet1998" class="citation book cs1">Voet, Rian (1998). "Categorizations of feminism". Feminism and Citizenship. SAGE. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4462-2804-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-4462-2804-5"><bdi>1-4462-2804-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Categorizations+of+feminism&rft.btitle=Feminism+and+Citizenship&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=SAGE&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-4462-2804-5&rft.aulast=Voet&rft.aufirst=Rian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsey2015" class="citation book cs1">Lindsey, Linda L. (2015). Gender Roles: A Sociological Perspective. Routledge. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-34808-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-34808-5"><bdi>978-1-317-34808-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender+Roles%3A+A+Sociological+Perspective&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-317-34808-5&rft.aulast=Lindsey&rft.aufirst=Linda+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest" class="citation web cs1">West, Rebecca. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uah.edu/woolf/feminism_kinds.htm">"Kinds of Feminism"</a>. University of Alabama in Huntsville.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kinds+of+Feminism&rft.pub=University+of+Alabama+in+Huntsville&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uah.edu%2Fwoolf%2Ffeminism_kinds.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarilley1996" class="citation book cs1">Marilley, Suzanne M. (1996). Woman Suffrage and the Origins of Liberal Feminism in the United States, 1820–1920. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-95465-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-95465-3"><bdi>0-674-95465-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woman+Suffrage+and+the+Origins+of+Liberal+Feminism+in+the+United+States%2C+1820%E2%80%931920&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-674-95465-3&rft.aulast=Marilley&rft.aufirst=Suzanne+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kvinnesak.no/om/">"Hvem Vi Er"</a>. Norwegian Association for Women's Rights. Retrieved 28 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hvem+Vi+Er&rft.pub=Norwegian+Association+for+Women%27s+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkvinnesak.no%2Fom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wendell-1987-127"><a href="#cite_ref-Wendell-1987_127-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWendell1987" class="citation journal cs1">Wendell, Susan (June 1987). "A (Qualified) Defense of Liberal Feminism". <a href="/wiki/Hypatia_(journal)" title="Hypatia (journal)">Hypatia</a>. 2 (2): 65–93. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1527-2001.1987.tb01066.x">10.1111/j.1527-2001.1987.tb01066.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0887-5367">0887-5367</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143213609">143213609</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hypatia&rft.atitle=A+%28Qualified%29+Defense+of+Liberal+Feminism&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=65-93&rft.date=1987-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143213609%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0887-5367&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1527-2001.1987.tb01066.x&rft.aulast=Wendell&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffiths1995" class="citation journal cs1">Griffiths, Morwenna (April 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.wiley.com/10.1080/0141192950210207">"Making a Difference: Feminism, Post-Modernism And the Methodology of Educational Research"</a>. British Educational Research Journal. 21 (2): 219–235. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0141192950210207">10.1080/0141192950210207</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0141-1926">0141-1926</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Educational+Research+Journal&rft.atitle=Making+a+Difference%3A+Feminism%2C+Post-Modernism+And+the+Methodology+of+Educational+Research&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=219-235&rft.date=1995-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0141192950210207&rft.issn=0141-1926&rft.aulast=Griffiths&rft.aufirst=Morwenna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoi.wiley.com%2F10.1080%2F0141192950210207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMahowald1999" class="citation book cs1">Mahowald, Mary Briody (1999). "Different Versions of Feminism". Genes, Women, Equality. Oxford University Press. p. 145.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Different+Versions+of+Feminism&rft.btitle=Genes%2C+Women%2C+Equality&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Mahowald&rft.aufirst=Mary+Briody&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rotten-130"><a href="#cite_ref-rotten_130-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRottenberg2014" class="citation journal cs1">Rottenberg, Catherine (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/INFE/article/view/54954">"The Rise of Neoliberal Feminism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Studies_(journal)" title="Cultural Studies (journal)">Cultural Studies</a>. 28 (3): 418–437. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09502386.2013.857361">10.1080/09502386.2013.857361</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144882102">144882102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Rise+of+Neoliberal+Feminism&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=418-437&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09502386.2013.857361&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144882102%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rottenberg&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frevistas.ucm.es%2Findex.php%2FINFE%2Farticle%2Fview%2F54954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ZhangRios-131"><a href="#cite_ref-ZhangRios_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangRios2021" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Y.; Rios, K. (2021). "Understanding Perceptions of Radical and Liberal Feminists: The Nuanced Roles of Warmth and Competence". <a href="/wiki/Sex_Roles_(journal)" title="Sex Roles (journal)">Sex Roles</a>. 86 (3–4): 143–158. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11199-021-01257-y">10.1007/s11199-021-01257-y</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:243479502">243479502</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sex+Roles&rft.atitle=Understanding+Perceptions+of+Radical+and+Liberal+Feminists%3A+The+Nuanced+Roles+of+Warmth+and+Competence&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=143-158&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11199-021-01257-y&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A243479502%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Y.&rft.au=Rios%2C+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy-132"><a href="#cite_ref-Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-liberal/#ClasCri">"Liberal Feminism"</a>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Liberal+Feminism&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Ffeminism-liberal%2F%23ClasCri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHennessyIngraham1997" class="citation book cs1">Hennessy, Rosemary; Ingraham, Chrys (1997). Materialist Feminism: A Reader in Class, Difference, And Women's Lives. London: Routledge. pp. 1–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-91634-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-91634-9"><bdi>978-0-415-91634-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Materialist+Feminism%3A+A+Reader+in+Class%2C+Difference%2C+And+Women%27s+Lives&rft.place=London&rft.pages=1-13&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-415-91634-9&rft.aulast=Hennessy&rft.aufirst=Rosemary&rft.au=Ingraham%2C+Chrys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bottomore-134"><a href="#cite_ref-Bottomore_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBottomore,_T.B.1991" class="citation book cs1">Bottomore, T.B. (1991). A Dictionary of Marxist Thought. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-18082-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-18082-1"><bdi>978-0-631-18082-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Marxist+Thought&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-631-18082-1&rft.au=Bottomore%2C+T.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbara_Ehrenreich1976" class="citation web cs1">Barbara Ehrenreich (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feministezine.com/feminist/modern/Socialist-Feminism.html">"What Is Socialist Feminism?"</a>. feministezine.com. Retrieved 3 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Is+Socialist+Feminism%3F&rft.pub=feministezine.com&rft.date=1976&rft.au=Barbara+Ehrenreich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.feministezine.com%2Ffeminist%2Fmodern%2FSocialist-Feminism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-farrow-136"><a href="#cite_ref-farrow_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunbar-Ortiz2002" class="citation book cs1">Dunbar-Ortiz, Roxanne (2002). Quiet Rumours. AK Press. pp. 11–13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902593-40-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902593-40-1"><bdi>978-1-902593-40-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Quiet+Rumours&rft.pages=11-13&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-902593-40-1&rft.aulast=Dunbar-Ortiz&rft.aufirst=Roxanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biehl-137"><a href="#cite_ref-Biehl_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiehl1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Biehl" title="Janet Biehl">Biehl, Janet</a> (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rethinkingecofem0000bieh">Rethinking Eco-Feminist Politics</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: <a href="/wiki/South_End_Press" title="South End Press">South End Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-392-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-392-9"><bdi>978-0-89608-392-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rethinking+Eco-Feminist+Politics&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-89608-392-9&rft.aulast=Biehl&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frethinkingecofem0000bieh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ahmed-138"><a href="#cite_ref-Ahmed_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmed,_Sarta2000" class="citation book cs1">Ahmed, Sarta (2000). Transformations: Thinking Through Feminism. London: Routledge. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22066-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-22066-8"><bdi>978-0-415-22066-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transformations%3A+Thinking+Through+Feminism&rft.place=London&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-22066-8&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Sarta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Narayan-139">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan_139-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan_139-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Narayan_139-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNarayan1997" class="citation book cs1">Narayan, Uma (1997). Dislocating Cultures: Identities, Traditions, And Third-World Feminism. New York: Routledge. pp. 20–28, 113, 161–87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-91418-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-91418-5"><bdi>978-0-415-91418-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dislocating+Cultures%3A+Identities%2C+Traditions%2C+And+Third-World+Feminism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=20-28%2C+113%2C+161-87&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-415-91418-5&rft.aulast=Narayan&rft.aufirst=Uma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ogunyemi-140"><a href="#cite_ref-Ogunyemi_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgunyemi1985" class="citation journal cs1">Ogunyemi, Chikwenye Okonjo (1985). "Womanism: The Dynamics of the Contemporary Black Female Novel in English". <a href="/wiki/Signs_(journal)" title="Signs (journal)">Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society</a>. 11 (1): 63–80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F494200">10.1086/494200</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3174287">3174287</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143836306">143836306</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Signs%3A+Journal+of+Women+in+Culture+and+Society&rft.atitle=Womanism%3A+The+Dynamics+of+the+Contemporary+Black+Female+Novel+in+English&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=63-80&rft.date=1985&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143836306%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3174287%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F494200&rft.aulast=Ogunyemi&rft.aufirst=Chikwenye+Okonjo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kolawole-141"><a href="#cite_ref-Kolawole_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKolawole,_Mary_Ebun_Modupe1997" class="citation book cs1">Kolawole, Mary Ebun Modupe (1997). Womanism and African Consciousness. Trenton, N.J.: Africa World Press. p. 216. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86543-540-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86543-540-7"><bdi>978-0-86543-540-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Womanism+and+African+Consciousness&rft.place=Trenton%2C+N.J.&rft.pages=216&rft.pub=Africa+World+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-86543-540-7&rft.au=Kolawole%2C+Mary+Ebun+Modupe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Acholonu-142"><a href="#cite_ref-Acholonu_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObianuju_Acholonu1995" class="citation book cs1">Obianuju Acholonu, Catherine (1995). Motherism: The Afrocentric Alternative to Feminism. Afa Publ. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-978-31997-1-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-978-31997-1-2"><bdi>978-978-31997-1-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Motherism%3A+The+Afrocentric+Alternative+to+Feminism&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Afa+Publ.&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-978-31997-1-2&rft.aulast=Obianuju+Acholonu&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ogundipe-Leslie-143"><a href="#cite_ref-Ogundipe-Leslie_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgundipe-Leslie1994" class="citation book cs1">Ogundipe-Leslie, Molara (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/recreatingoursel00ogun/page/262">Re-Creating Ourselves: African Women & Critical Transformations</a>. Africa World Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/recreatingoursel00ogun/page/262">262</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86543-412-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86543-412-7"><bdi>978-0-86543-412-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Re-Creating+Ourselves%3A+African+Women+%26+Critical+Transformations&rft.pages=262&rft.pub=Africa+World+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-86543-412-7&rft.aulast=Ogundipe-Leslie&rft.aufirst=Molara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frecreatingoursel00ogun%2Fpage%2F262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nnaemeka-144"><a href="#cite_ref-Nnaemeka_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNnaemeka1995" class="citation journal cs1">Nnaemeka, Obioma (1995). "Feminism, Rebellious Women, And Cultural Boundaries: Rereading Flora Nwapa and Her Compatriots". <a href="/wiki/Research_in_African_Literatures" title="Research in African Literatures">Research in African Literatures</a>. 26 (2): 80–113. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3820273">3820273</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Research+in+African+Literatures&rft.atitle=Feminism%2C+Rebellious+Women%2C+And+Cultural+Boundaries%3A+Rereading+Flora+Nwapa+and+Her+Compatriots&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=80-113&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3820273%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Nnaemeka&rft.aufirst=Obioma&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hudson-Weems-145"><a href="#cite_ref-Hudson-Weems_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson-Weems1994" class="citation book cs1">Hudson-Weems, Clenora (1994). Africana Womanism: Reclaiming Ourselves. Troy, Mich.: Bedford Publishers. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-911557-11-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-911557-11-4"><bdi>978-0-911557-11-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Africana+Womanism%3A+Reclaiming+Ourselves&rft.place=Troy%2C+Mich.&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Bedford+Publishers&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-911557-11-4&rft.aulast=Hudson-Weems&rft.aufirst=Clenora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Butler-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Butler_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Butler_146-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler, Judith</a> (1999) [1990]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gendertroublefem00butl">Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity</a>. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-92499-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-92499-3"><bdi>978-0-415-92499-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender+Trouble%3A+Feminism+and+the+Subversion+of+Identity&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-415-92499-3&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgendertroublefem00butl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-West&Zimmerman-147"><a href="#cite_ref-West&Zimmerman_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestZimmerman1987" class="citation journal cs1">West, Candace; Zimmerman, Don H. (June 1987). "Doing gender". <a href="/wiki/Gender_%26_Society" title="Gender & Society">Gender & Society</a>. 1 (2): 125–151. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0891243287001002002">10.1177/0891243287001002002</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/189945">189945</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:220519301">220519301</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gender+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Doing+gender&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=125-151&rft.date=1987-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A220519301%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F189945%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0891243287001002002&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=Candace&rft.au=Zimmerman%2C+Don+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://campus.fsu.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/academic/social_sciences/sociology/Reading%20Lists/Social%20Psych%20Prelim%20Readings/IV.%20Structures%20and%20Inequalities/1987%20West%20Zimmerman%20-%20Doing%20Gender.pdf">Pdf.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benhabib-148"><a href="#cite_ref-Benhabib_148-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenhabib1995" class="citation journal cs1">Benhabib, Seyla (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180705233024/https://ojs.education.illinois.edu/index.php/pes/issue/archive">"From identity politics to social feminism: a plea for the Nineties"</a>. Philosophy of Education. 1 (2): 14. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.education.illinois.edu/index.php/pes/issue/archive">the original</a> on 5 July 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Philosophy+of+Education&rft.atitle=From+identity+politics+to+social+feminism%3A+a+plea+for+the+Nineties&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Benhabib&rft.aufirst=Seyla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.education.illinois.edu%2Findex.php%2Fpes%2Fissue%2Farchive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> <dl><dd>Reproduced in: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenhabib2001" class="citation book cs1">Benhabib, Seyla (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ldmUEPvayQMC&pg=PA27">"From identity politics to social feminism: a plea for the Nineties"</a>. In Melzer, Arthur M.; Weinberger, Jerry; Zinman, M. Richard (eds.). Politics at the Turn of the Century. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 27–41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9446-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8476-9446-4"><bdi>978-0-8476-9446-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+identity+politics+to+social+feminism%3A+a+plea+for+the+Nineties&rft.btitle=Politics+at+the+Turn+of+the+Century&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=27-41&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8476-9446-4&rft.aulast=Benhabib&rft.aufirst=Seyla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DldmUEPvayQMC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li></ul></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRandall2010" class="citation book cs1">Randall, Vicky (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=m70cBQAAQBAJ">"Feminism"</a>. In Marsh, David; Stoker, Gerry (eds.). Theory and methods in political science (3rd ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-57627-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-57627-8"><bdi>978-0-230-57627-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feminism&rft.btitle=Theory+and+methods+in+political+science&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.pages=116&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-230-57627-8&rft.aulast=Randall&rft.aufirst=Vicky&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm70cBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbottWallaceTyler2005" class="citation book cs1">Abbott, Pamela; Wallace, Claire; Tyler, Melissa (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PPp7dfrNTroC&pg=PA380">"Feminist knowledge"</a>. An Introduction to Sociology: Feminist Perspectives (3rd ed.). London New York: Routledge. p. 380. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31259-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31259-2"><bdi>978-0-415-31259-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feminist+knowledge&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Sociology%3A+Feminist+Perspectives&rft.place=London+New+York&rft.pages=380&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-31259-2&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rft.au=Wallace%2C+Claire&rft.au=Tyler%2C+Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPPp7dfrNTroC%26pg%3DPA380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> <dl><dd>Citing: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYeatman1994" class="citation book cs1">Yeatman, Anna (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3W3QES9zwdsC&pg=PA15">"The epistemological politics of postmodern feminist theorizing"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/postmodernrevisi0000yeat/page/15">Postmodern Revisionings of the Political</a>. New York: Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/postmodernrevisi0000yeat/page/15">15–22</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90198-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90198-7"><bdi>978-0-415-90198-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+epistemological+politics+of+postmodern+feminist+theorizing&rft.btitle=Postmodern+Revisionings+of+the+Political&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=15-22&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-415-90198-7&rft.aulast=Yeatman&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3W3QES9zwdsC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li></ul></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-grady_vox-151">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grady_vox_151-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-grady_vox_151-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrady2018" class="citation news cs1">Grady, Constance (20 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2018/3/20/16955588/feminism-waves-explained-first-second-third-fourth">"The Waves of Feminism, And Why People Keep Fighting over Them, Explained"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190405172242/https://www.vox.com/2018/3/20/16955588/feminism-waves-explained-first-second-third-fourth">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=The+Waves+of+Feminism%2C+And+Why+People+Keep+Fighting+over+Them%2C+Explained&rft.date=2018-06-20&rft.aulast=Grady&rft.aufirst=Constance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2018%2F3%2F20%2F16955588%2Ffeminism-waves-explained-first-second-third-fourth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-now-152"><a href="#cite_ref-now_152-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://now.org/blog/why-transphobia-is-a-feminist-issue/">"Why Transphobia Is a Feminist Issue"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a>. 8 September 2014. Retrieved 24 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Transphobia+Is+a+Feminist+Issue&rft.pub=National+Organization+for+Women&rft.date=2014-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnow.org%2Fblog%2Fwhy-transphobia-is-a-feminist-issue%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-now2-153"><a href="#cite_ref-now2_153-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://now.org/media-center/press-release/now-celebrates-transgender-day-of-visibility/">"NOW Celebrates International Transgender Day of Visibility"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Women" title="National Organization for Women">National Organization for Women</a>. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NOW+Celebrates+International+Transgender+Day+of+Visibility&rft.pub=National+Organization+for+Women&rft.date=2021-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnow.org%2Fmedia-center%2Fpress-release%2Fnow-celebrates-transgender-day-of-visibility%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlattSzoka2021" class="citation journal cs1">Platt, Lisa F.; Szoka, Spring L. (28 January 2021). "Endorsement of Feminist Beliefs, Openness, And Mindful Acceptance as Predictors of Decreased Transphobia". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Homosexuality" title="Journal of Homosexuality">Journal of Homosexuality</a>. 68 (2): 185–202. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00918369.2019.1651109">10.1080/00918369.2019.1651109</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31411935">31411935</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:199663381">199663381</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Homosexuality&rft.atitle=Endorsement+of+Feminist+Beliefs%2C+Openness%2C+And+Mindful+Acceptance+as+Predictors+of+Decreased+Transphobia&rft.volume=68&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=185-202&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A199663381%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31411935&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00918369.2019.1651109&rft.aulast=Platt&rft.aufirst=Lisa+F.&rft.au=Szoka%2C+Spring+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConlinDouglassMoscardini2021" class="citation journal cs1">Conlin, Sarah E.; Douglass, Richard P.; Moscardini, Emma H. (2 January 2021). "Predicting Transphobia Among Cisgender Women and Men: The Roles of Feminist Identification and Gender Conformity". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Gay_%26_Lesbian_Mental_Health" title="Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health">Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health</a>. 25 (1): 5–19. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F19359705.2020.1780535">10.1080/19359705.2020.1780535</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:225798026">225798026</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Gay+%26+Lesbian+Mental+Health&rft.atitle=Predicting+Transphobia+Among+Cisgender+Women+and+Men%3A+The+Roles+of+Feminist+Identification+and+Gender+Conformity&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5-19&rft.date=2021-01-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F19359705.2020.1780535&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A225798026%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Conlin&rft.aufirst=Sarah+E.&rft.au=Douglass%2C+Richard+P.&rft.au=Moscardini%2C+Emma+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrasselAnderson2020" class="citation journal cs1">Brassel, Sheila T.; Anderson, Veanne N. (April 2020). "Who Thinks Outside the Gender Box? Feminism, Gender Self-Esteem, And Attitudes Toward Trans People". Sex Roles. 82 (7–8): 447–462. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11199-019-01066-4">10.1007/s11199-019-01066-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:198663918">198663918</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sex+Roles&rft.atitle=Who+Thinks+Outside+the+Gender+Box%3F+Feminism%2C+Gender+Self-Esteem%2C+And+Attitudes+Toward+Trans+People&rft.volume=82&rft.issue=7%E2%80%938&rft.pages=447-462&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11199-019-01066-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A198663918%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Brassel&rft.aufirst=Sheila+T.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Veanne+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacDonald_2015-157"><a href="#cite_ref-MacDonald_2015_157-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacDonald2015" class="citation journal cs1">MacDonald, Terry (16 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2015/02/are-you-now-or-have-you-ever-been-terf">"Are You Now or Have You Ever Been a TERF?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman America</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190414015914/https://www.newstatesman.com/politics/2015/02/are-you-now-or-have-you-ever-been-terf">Archived</a> from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 13 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman+America&rft.atitle=Are+You+Now+or+Have+You+Ever+Been+a+TERF%3F&rft.date=2015-02-16&rft.aulast=MacDonald&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fpolitics%2F2015%2F02%2Fare-you-now-or-have-you-ever-been-terf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZanghellini2020" class="citation journal cs1">Zanghellini, Aleardo (April 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/90937/4/2158244020927029.pdf">"Philosophical Problems With the Gender-Critical Feminist Argument Against Trans Inclusion"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Open" title="SAGE Open">SAGE Open</a>. 10 (2): 215824402092702. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2158244020927029">10.1177/2158244020927029</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219733494">219733494</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201103214816/http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/90937/4/2158244020927029.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SAGE+Open&rft.atitle=Philosophical+Problems+With+the+Gender-Critical+Feminist+Argument+Against+Trans+Inclusion&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=215824402092702&rft.date=2020-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F2158244020927029&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219733494%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zanghellini&rft.aufirst=Aleardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcentaur.reading.ac.uk%2F90937%2F4%2F2158244020927029.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/international/2021/06/05/a-backlash-against-gender-ideology-is-starting-in-universities">"A Backlash Against Gender Ideology Is Starting in Universities"</a>. Economist. 5 June 2021. Retrieved 6 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economist&rft.atitle=A+Backlash+Against+Gender+Ideology+Is+Starting+in+Universities&rft.date=2021-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Finternational%2F2021%2F06%2F05%2Fa-backlash-against-gender-ideology-is-starting-in-universities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon-2021-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Gordon-2021_160-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2021" class="citation web cs1">Gordon, Tom (10 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/19362788.maya-forstater-wins-landmark-employment-case-gender-critical-beliefs/">"Woman Accused of Transphobia Wins Landmark Employment Case"</a>. HeraldScotland. Retrieved 10 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HeraldScotland&rft.atitle=Woman+Accused+of+Transphobia+Wins+Landmark+Employment+Case&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldscotland.com%2Fnews%2F19362788.maya-forstater-wins-landmark-employment-case-gender-critical-beliefs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Faulkner-2021-161"><a href="#cite_ref-Faulkner-2021_161-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaulkner2021" class="citation news cs1">Faulkner, Doug (10 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-57426579">"Maya Forstater: Woman Wins Tribunal Appeal over Transgender Tweets"</a>. BBC News. Retrieved 10 June 2021. <q>Ms Forstater ... claimed she was discriminated against because of her beliefs, which include 'that sex is immutable and not to be conflated with gender identity'. ... But the Honourable Mr Justice Choudhury said her 'gender-critical beliefs' did fall under the Equalities Act as they 'did not seek to destroy the rights of trans persons'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Maya+Forstater%3A+Woman+Wins+Tribunal+Appeal+over+Transgender+Tweets&rft.date=2021-06-10&rft.aulast=Faulkner&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-57426579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Observer-2021-162"><a href="#cite_ref-Observer-2021_162-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFObserver_editorial2021" class="citation news cs1">Observer editorial (27 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2021/jun/27/the-observer-view-on-the-right-to-free-expression">"The Observer View on the Right to Free Expression"</a>. Observer. Retrieved 27 June 2021. <q>'Gender-critical' beliefs refer to the view that someone's sex – whether they are male or female – is biological and immutable and cannot be conflated with someone's gender identity, whether they identify as a man or a woman. The belief that the patriarchal oppression of women is grounded partly in their biological sex, not just the social expression of gender, and that women therefore have the right to certain single-sex spaces and to organise on the basis of biological sex if they so wish, represents a long-standing strand of feminist thinking. Other feminists disagree, believing that gender identity supersedes biological sex altogether.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Observer&rft.atitle=The+Observer+View+on+the+Right+to+Free+Expression&rft.date=2021-06-27&rft.au=Observer+editorial&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2021%2Fjun%2F27%2Fthe-observer-view-on-the-right-to-free-expression&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Flaherty_2018-163"><a href="#cite_ref-Flaherty_2018_163-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlaherty2018" class="citation web cs1">Flaherty, Colleen (29 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/08/29/philosophers-object-journals-publication-terf-reference-some-feminists-it-really">"'TERF' War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inside_Higher_Ed" title="Inside Higher Ed">Inside Higher Ed</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407014511/http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2018/08/29/philosophers-object-journals-publication-terf-reference-some-feminists-it-really">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inside+Higher+Ed&rft.atitle=%27TERF%27+War&rft.date=2018-08-29&rft.aulast=Flaherty&rft.aufirst=Colleen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidehighered.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F08%2F29%2Fphilosophers-object-journals-publication-terf-reference-some-feminists-it-really&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller_2018-164"><a href="#cite_ref-Miller_2018_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2018" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Edie (5 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theoutline.com/post/6536/british-feminists-media-transphobic">"Why Is British Media So Transphobic?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Outline_(website)" title="The Outline (website)">The Outline</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191019192628/https://theoutline.com/post/6536/british-feminists-media-transphobic">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 3 May 2019. <q>The truth is, while the British conservative right would almost certainly be more than happy to whip up a frenzy of transphobia, they simply haven't needed to, because some sections of the left over here are doing their hate-peddling for them. The most vocal source of this hatred has emerged, sadly, from within circles of radical feminists. British feminism has an increasingly notorious TERF problem.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Is+British+Media+So+Transphobic%3F&rft.pub=The+Outline&rft.date=2018-11-05&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Edie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheoutline.com%2Fpost%2F6536%2Fbritish-feminists-media-transphobic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dalbey_terfwars-165"><a href="#cite_ref-dalbey_terfwars_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalbey2018" class="citation news cs1">Dalbey, Alex (12 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailydot.com/irl/terf-meaning/">"TERF Wars: Why Trans-Exclusionary Radical Feminists Have No Place in Feminism"</a>. Daily Dot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190128082722/https://www.dailydot.com/irl/terf-meaning/">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Dot&rft.atitle=TERF+Wars%3A+Why+Trans-Exclusionary+Radical+Feminists+Have+No+Place+in+Feminism&rft.date=2018-08-12&rft.aulast=Dalbey&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailydot.com%2Firl%2Fterf-meaning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-usatoday_2017-03-16-166"><a href="#cite_ref-usatoday_2017-03-16_166-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDastagir2017" class="citation news cs1">Dastagir, Alia (16 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/03/16/feminism-glossary-lexicon-language/99120600/">"A Feminist Glossary Because We Didn't All Major in Gender Studies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190720073940/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/03/16/feminism-glossary-lexicon-language/99120600/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 July 2019. Retrieved 24 April 2019. <q>TERF: The acronym for 'trans exclusionary radical feminists,' referring to feminists who are transphobic.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=A+Feminist+Glossary+Because+We+Didn%27t+All+Major+in+Gender+Studies&rft.date=2017-03-16&rft.aulast=Dastagir&rft.aufirst=Alia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2017%2F03%2F16%2Ffeminism-glossary-lexicon-language%2F99120600%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis_2019-167"><a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_2019_167-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2019" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Sophie (7 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/07/opinion/terf-trans-women-britain.html">"Opinion | How British Feminism Became Anti-Trans"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191115191351/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/07/opinion/terf-trans-women-britain.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 5 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+How+British+Feminism+Became+Anti-Trans&rft.date=2019-02-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F07%2Fopinion%2Fterf-trans-women-britain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-lgbtqnation_2017-10-23-168"><a href="#cite_ref-lgbtqnation_2017-10-23_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaylor2017" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Jeff (23 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/10/christian-rights-new-strategy-divide-conquer-lgbt-community/">"The Christian Right's New Strategy: Divide and Conquer the LGBT Community"</a>. www.lgbtqnation.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190922155851/https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/10/christian-rights-new-strategy-divide-conquer-lgbt-community/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2019. Retrieved 9 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.lgbtqnation.com&rft.atitle=The+Christian+Right%27s+New+Strategy%3A+Divide+and+Conquer+the+LGBT+Community&rft.date=2017-10-23&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lgbtqnation.com%2F2017%2F10%2Fchristian-rights-new-strategy-divide-conquer-lgbt-community%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-indy_2019-06-24-169"><a href="#cite_ref-indy_2019-06-24_169-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indy100.com/article/joanna-cherry-snp-twitter-trans-rights-campaigners-pride-lgbt-edinburgh-8972341">"SNP MP Criticised for Calling Trans Campaigners at Edinburgh Pride 'Misogynistic'"</a>. indy100. 24 June 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191114045153/https://www.indy100.com/article/joanna-cherry-snp-twitter-trans-rights-campaigners-pride-lgbt-edinburgh-8972341">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indy100&rft.atitle=SNP+MP+Criticised+for+Calling+Trans+Campaigners+at+Edinburgh+Pride+%27Misogynistic%27&rft.date=2019-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indy100.com%2Farticle%2Fjoanna-cherry-snp-twitter-trans-rights-campaigners-pride-lgbt-edinburgh-8972341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rowe-Finbeiner-170"><a href="#cite_ref-Rowe-Finbeiner_170-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowe-Finkbeiner,_Kristin2004" class="citation book cs1">Rowe-Finkbeiner, Kristin (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/fwordfeminisminj00rowe">The F-Word: Feminism In Jeopardy – Women, Politics and the Future</a>. Seal Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58005-114-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58005-114-9"><bdi>978-1-58005-114-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+F-Word%3A+Feminism+In+Jeopardy+%E2%80%93+Women%2C+Politics+and+the+Future&rft.pub=Seal+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-58005-114-9&rft.au=Rowe-Finkbeiner%2C+Kristin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffwordfeminisminj00rowe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosenberg_Garofalo-171"><a href="#cite_ref-Rosenberg_Garofalo_171-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg,_JessicaGitana_Garofalo1998" class="citation journal cs1">Rosenberg, Jessica; Gitana Garofalo (Spring 1998). "Riot Grrrl: Revolutions from Within – Feminisms and Youth Cultures". Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society. 23 (3): 809–841. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F495289">10.1086/495289</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3175311">3175311</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144109102">144109102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Signs%3A+Journal+of+Women+in+Culture+and+Society&rft.atitle=Riot+Grrrl%3A+Revolutions+from+Within+%E2%80%93+Feminisms+and+Youth+Cultures&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=809-841&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144109102%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3175311%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F495289&rft.au=Rosenberg%2C+Jessica&rft.au=Gitana+Garofalo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Code-172"><a href="#cite_ref-Code_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCode,_Lorraine2004" class="citation book cs1">Code, Lorraine (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffe0000unse/page/560">Encyclopedia of Feminist Theories</a>. London: Routledge. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffe0000unse/page/560">560</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30885-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-30885-4"><bdi>978-0-415-30885-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Feminist+Theories&rft.place=London&rft.pages=560&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-30885-4&rft.au=Code%2C+Lorraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaoffe0000unse%2Fpage%2F560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScanlon2009" class="citation book cs1">Scanlon, Jennifer (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/badgirlsgoeveryw00scan/page/94">Bad Girls Go Everywhere: The Life of Helen Gurley Brown</a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/badgirlsgoeveryw00scan/page/94">94–111</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534205-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-534205-5"><bdi>978-0-19-534205-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bad+Girls+Go+Everywhere%3A+The+Life+of+Helen+Gurley+Brown&rft.pages=94-111&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-534205-5&rft.aulast=Scanlon&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbadgirlsgoeveryw00scan%2Fpage%2F94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHollowsMoseley2006" class="citation book cs1">Hollows, Joanne; Moseley, Rachel (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0RuRknkzxe4C&pg=PA84">Feminism in Popular Culture</a>. Berg Publishers. p. 84. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-223-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-223-1"><bdi>978-1-84520-223-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminism+in+Popular+Culture&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Berg+Publishers&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-223-1&rft.aulast=Hollows&rft.aufirst=Joanne&rft.au=Moseley%2C+Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0RuRknkzxe4C%26pg%3DPA84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ipsos-175"><a href="#cite_ref-ipsos_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark2014" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Julia (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipsos-na.com/news-polls/pressrelease.aspx?id=6511">"Can Men Be Feminists Too? Half (48%) of Men in 15 Country Survey Seem to Think So"</a>. Retrieved 26 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Can+Men+Be+Feminists+Too%3F+Half+%2848%25%29+of+Men+in+15+Country+Survey+Seem+to+Think+So&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsos-na.com%2Fnews-polls%2Fpressrelease.aspx%3Fid%3D6511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarnois2012" class="citation journal cs1">Harnois, Catherine E. (October 2012). "Sociological Research on Feminism and the Women's Movement: Ideology, Identity, And Practice". Sociology Compass. 6 (10): 823–832. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1751-9020.2012.00484.x">10.1111/j.1751-9020.2012.00484.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sociology+Compass&rft.atitle=Sociological+Research+on+Feminism+and+the+Women%27s+Movement%3A+Ideology%2C+Identity%2C+And+Practice&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=823-832&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1751-9020.2012.00484.x&rft.aulast=Harnois&rft.aufirst=Catherine+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllum2015" class="citation news cs1">Allum, Cynthia (9 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160828183424/http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2015/04/09/82-percent-of-americans-dont-consider-themselves-feminists-poll-shows/">"82 Percent of Americans Don't Consider Themselves Feminists, Poll Shows"</a>. The New York Times. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nytlive.nytimes.com/womenintheworld/2015/04/09/82-percent-of-americans-dont-consider-themselves-feminists-poll-shows/">the original</a> on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 26 August 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=82+Percent+of+Americans+Don%27t+Consider+Themselves+Feminists%2C+Poll+Shows&rft.date=2015-04-09&rft.aulast=Allum&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnytlive.nytimes.com%2Fwomenintheworld%2F2015%2F04%2F09%2F82-percent-of-americans-dont-consider-themselves-feminists-poll-shows%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarnois2015" class="citation journal cs1">Harnois, Catherine E. (23 November 2015). "Race, Ethnicity, Sexuality, And Women's Political Consciousness of Gender". <a href="/wiki/Social_Psychology_Quarterly" title="Social Psychology Quarterly">Social Psychology Quarterly</a>. 78 (4): 365–386. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0190272515607844">10.1177/0190272515607844</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147132634">147132634</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Psychology+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Race%2C+Ethnicity%2C+Sexuality%2C+And+Women%27s+Political+Consciousness+of+Gender&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=365-386&rft.date=2015-11-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0190272515607844&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147132634%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Harnois&rft.aufirst=Catherine+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarnois2016" class="citation journal cs1">Harnois, Catherine E. (15 November 2016). "Intersectional Masculinities and Gendered Political Consciousness: How Do Race, Ethnicity and Sexuality Shape Men's Awareness of Gender Inequality and Support for Gender Activism?". Sex Roles. 77 (3–4): 141–154. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11199-016-0702-2">10.1007/s11199-016-0702-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151406838">151406838</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sex+Roles&rft.atitle=Intersectional+Masculinities+and+Gendered+Political+Consciousness%3A+How+Do+Race%2C+Ethnicity+and+Sexuality+Shape+Men%27s+Awareness+of+Gender+Inequality+and+Support+for+Gender+Activism%3F&rft.volume=77&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=141-154&rft.date=2016-11-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs11199-016-0702-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A151406838%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Harnois&rft.aufirst=Catherine+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.survation.com/uk-attitudes-to-gender-in-2016-survation-for-fawcett-society/">"Attitudes to Gender in 2016 Britain – 8,000 Sample Study for Fawcett Society"</a>. Survation. 18 January 2016. Retrieved 28 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Survation&rft.atitle=Attitudes+to+Gender+in+2016+Britain+%E2%80%93+8%2C000+Sample+Study+for+Fawcett+Society&rft.date=2016-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.survation.com%2Fuk-attitudes-to-gender-in-2016-survation-for-fawcett-society%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanghani2016" class="citation news cs1">Sanghani, Radhika (15 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/only-7-per-cent-of-britons-consider-themselves-feminists/">"Only 7 per Cent of Britons Consider Themselves Feminists"</a>. The Telegraph. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0307-1235">0307-1235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/life/only-7-per-cent-of-britons-consider-themselves-feminists/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 28 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Only+7+per+Cent+of+Britons+Consider+Themselves+Feminists&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Sanghani&rft.aufirst=Radhika&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fwomen%2Flife%2Fonly-7-per-cent-of-britons-consider-themselves-feminists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duggan-182">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Duggan_182-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Duggan_182-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuggan,_LisaHunter,_Nan_D.1995" class="citation book cs1">Duggan, Lisa; Hunter, Nan D. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sexwarssexualdis0000dugg/page/1">Sex Wars: Sexual Dissent and Political Culture</a>. New York: Routledge. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sexwarssexualdis0000dugg/page/1">1–14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-91036-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-91036-1"><bdi>978-0-415-91036-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sex+Wars%3A+Sexual+Dissent+and+Political+Culture&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=1-14&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-415-91036-1&rft.au=Duggan%2C+Lisa&rft.au=Hunter%2C+Nan+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsexwarssexualdis0000dugg%2Fpage%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hansen-183">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hansen_183-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hansen_183-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHansenPhilipson1990" class="citation book cs1">Hansen, Karen Tranberg; Philipson, Ilene J. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womenclassfemini0000unse">Women, Class, And the Feminist Imagination: A Socialist-Feminist Reader</a>. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87722-630-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87722-630-7"><bdi>978-0-87722-630-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%2C+Class%2C+And+the+Feminist+Imagination%3A+A+Socialist-Feminist+Reader&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87722-630-7&rft.aulast=Hansen&rft.aufirst=Karen+Tranberg&rft.au=Philipson%2C+Ilene+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomenclassfemini0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gerhard-184">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gerhard_184-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gerhard_184-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerhard,_Jane_F.2001" class="citation book cs1">Gerhard, Jane F. (2001). Desiring Revolution: Second-Wave Feminism and the Rewriting of American Sexual Thought, 1920 to 1982. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11204-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-11204-8"><bdi>978-0-231-11204-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Desiring+Revolution%3A+Second-Wave+Feminism+and+the+Rewriting+of+American+Sexual+Thought%2C+1920+to+1982&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11204-8&rft.au=Gerhard%2C+Jane+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leidholdt-185">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leidholdt_185-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leidholdt_185-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeidholdtRaymond1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dorchen_Leidholdt" title="Dorchen Leidholdt">Leidholdt, Dorchen</a>; Raymond, Janice G. (1990). The Sexual Liberals and the Attack On Feminism. New York: Pergamon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037457-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037457-4"><bdi>978-0-08-037457-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sexual+Liberals+and+the+Attack+On+Feminism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-08-037457-4&rft.aulast=Leidholdt&rft.aufirst=Dorchen&rft.au=Raymond%2C+Janice+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vance-186">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vance_186-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vance_186-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVance,_Carole_S.1989" class="citation book cs1">Vance, Carole S. (1989). Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality. Thorsons Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-04-440593-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-04-440593-1"><bdi>978-0-04-440593-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pleasure+and+Danger%3A+Exploring+Female+Sexuality&rft.pub=Thorsons+Publishers&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-04-440593-1&rft.au=Vance%2C+Carole+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcBride2008" class="citation web cs1">McBride, Andrew (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.outhistory.org/exhibits/show/lesbians-20th-century/sex-wars">"The Sex Wars, 1970s to 1980s"</a>. OutHistory.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OutHistory&rft.atitle=The+Sex+Wars%2C+1970s+to+1980s&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=McBride&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.outhistory.org%2Fexhibits%2Fshow%2Flesbians-20th-century%2Fsex-wars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.libertarianism.org/topics/sex-work">"Sex Work"</a>. Libertarianism.org. Retrieved 31 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Libertarianism.org&rft.atitle=Sex+Work&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.libertarianism.org%2Ftopics%2Fsex-work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Neill2001" class="citation book cs1">O'Neill, Maggie (2001). Prostitution and Feminism. Cambridge: Polity Press. pp. 14–16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prostitution+and+Feminism&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=14-16&rft.pub=Polity+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=O%27Neill&rft.aufirst=Maggie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohana_AriffinWomen's_Crisis_Centre_(Pinang,_Malaysia)1997" class="citation book cs1">Rohana Ariffin; Women's Crisis Centre (Pinang, Malaysia) (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HfsDAQAAIAAJ">Shame, Secrecy, And Silence: Study On Rape in Penang</a>. Women's Crisis Centre. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-99348-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-983-99348-0-9"><bdi>978-983-99348-0-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 1 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shame%2C+Secrecy%2C+And+Silence%3A+Study+On+Rape+in+Penang&rft.pub=Women%27s+Crisis+Centre&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-983-99348-0-9&rft.au=Rohana+Ariffin&rft.au=Women%27s+Crisis+Centre+%28Pinang%2C+Malaysia%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHfsDAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennetMandersonAstbury2000" class="citation web cs1">Bennet, L; Manderson, L; Astbury, J (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121102214813/http://academic.udayton.edu/health/01status/rape01.htm">"Mapping a global pandemic: review of current literature on rape, sexual assault and sexual harassment of women"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Melbourne" title="University of Melbourne">University of Melbourne</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academic.udayton.edu/health/01status/rape01.htm">the original</a> on 2 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=University+of+Melbourne&rft.atitle=Mapping+a+global+pandemic%3A+review+of+current+literature+on+rape%2C+sexual+assault+and+sexual+harassment+of+women&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Bennet&rft.aufirst=L&rft.au=Manderson%2C+L&rft.au=Astbury%2C+J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facademic.udayton.edu%2Fhealth%2F01status%2Frape01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJewkesAbrahams2002" class="citation journal cs1">Jewkes R, Abrahams N (2002). "The Epidemiology of Rape and Sexual Coercion in South Africa: An Overview". <a href="/wiki/Social_Science_%26_Medicine" title="Social Science & Medicine">Social Science & Medicine</a>. 55 (7): 1231–44. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fs0277-9536%2801%2900242-8">10.1016/s0277-9536(01)00242-8</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12365533">12365533</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+%26+Medicine&rft.atitle=The+Epidemiology+of+Rape+and+Sexual+Coercion+in+South+Africa%3A+An+Overview&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1231-44&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fs0277-9536%2801%2900242-8&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12365533&rft.aulast=Jewkes&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Abrahams%2C+N&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> Sen P. Ending the presumption of consent: nonconsensual sex in marriage. London, Centre for Health and Gender Equity, 1999 </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWahlquist2020" class="citation web cs1">Wahlquist, Calla (31 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2020/nov/01/the-sole-function-of-the-clitoris-is-female-orgasm-is-that-why-its-ignored-by-medical-science">"The Sole Function of the Clitoris Is Female Orgasm. Is That Why It's Ignored by Medical Science?"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 20 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Sole+Function+of+the+Clitoris+Is+Female+Orgasm.+Is+That+Why+It%27s+Ignored+by+Medical+Science%3F&rft.date=2020-10-31&rft.aulast=Wahlquist&rft.aufirst=Calla&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Flifeandstyle%2F2020%2Fnov%2F01%2Fthe-sole-function-of-the-clitoris-is-female-orgasm-is-that-why-its-ignored-by-medical-science&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130106211856/http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/vaginalmyth.html">"The Myth of the Vaginal Orgasm by Anne Koedt"</a>. 6 January 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/vaginalmyth.html">the original</a> on 6 January 2013. Retrieved 20 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Myth+of+the+Vaginal+Orgasm+by+Anne+Koedt&rft.date=2013-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uic.edu%2Forgs%2Fcwluherstory%2FCWLUArchive%2Fvaginalmyth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harding_method-196"><a href="#cite_ref-Harding_method_196-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarding,_Sandra1989" class="citation book cs1">Harding, Sandra (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gQQkAvU4S1oC&pg=PA17">"Is There a Feminist Method"</a>. In Nancy Tuana (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismscience0000unse/page/17">Feminism & Science</a>. Indiana University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismscience0000unse/page/17">17</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-20525-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-253-20525-4"><bdi>978-0-253-20525-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Is+There+a+Feminist+Method&rft.btitle=Feminism+%26+Science&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-253-20525-4&rft.au=Harding%2C+Sandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgQQkAvU4S1oC%26pg%3DPA17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHubbard,_Ruth1990" class="citation book cs1">Hubbard, Ruth (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofwomens00hubb/page/16">The Politics of Women's Biology</a>. Rutgers University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicsofwomens00hubb/page/16">16</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-1490-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-1490-1"><bdi>978-0-8135-1490-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Women%27s+Biology&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-1490-1&rft.au=Hubbard%2C+Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticsofwomens00hubb%2Fpage%2F16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-QCommRsrch-198">^ <a href="#cite_ref-QCommRsrch_198-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-QCommRsrch_198-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindlofTaylor2002" class="citation book cs1">Lindlof, Thomas R.; Taylor, Bryan C. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/qualitativecommu00lind">Qualitative Communication Research Methods</a>. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/qualitativecommu00lind/page/357">357</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2493-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7619-2493-7"><bdi>978-0-7619-2493-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Qualitative+Communication+Research+Methods&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+Calif&rft.pages=357&rft.pub=Sage+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7619-2493-7&rft.aulast=Lindlof&rft.aufirst=Thomas+R.&rft.au=Taylor%2C+Bryan+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fqualitativecommu00lind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolloway,_Marguerite2005" class="citation news cs1">Holloway, Marguerite (26 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=the-beauty-of-branes">"The Beauty of Branes"</a>. Scientific American. Nature America. p. 2. Retrieved 12 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scientific+American&rft.atitle=The+Beauty+of+Branes&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2005-09-26&rft.au=Holloway%2C+Marguerite&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientificamerican.com%2Farticle.cfm%3Fid%3Dthe-beauty-of-branes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHankinson_Nelson,_Lynn1990" class="citation book cs1">Hankinson Nelson, Lynn (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whoknowsfromquin0000nels/page/30">Who Knows: From Quine To a Feminist Empiricism</a>. Temple University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/whoknowsfromquin0000nels/page/30">30</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87722-647-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87722-647-5"><bdi>978-0-87722-647-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+Knows%3A+From+Quine+To+a+Feminist+Empiricism&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87722-647-5&rft.au=Hankinson+Nelson%2C+Lynn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwhoknowsfromquin0000nels%2Fpage%2F30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCortinaCurtinStewart2012" class="citation journal cs1">Cortina, L. M.; Curtin, N.; Stewart, A. J. (2012). "Where Is Social Structure in Personality Research? A Feminist Analysis of Publication Trends". <a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_Women_Quarterly" title="Psychology of Women Quarterly">Psychology of Women Quarterly</a>. 36 (3): 259–73. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0361684312448056">10.1177/0361684312448056</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13065637">13065637</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychology+of+Women+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Where+Is+Social+Structure+in+Personality+Research%3F+A+Feminist+Analysis+of+Publication+Trends&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=259-73&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0361684312448056&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13065637%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Cortina&rft.aufirst=L.+M.&rft.au=Curtin%2C+N.&rft.au=Stewart%2C+A.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHankinson_Nelson,_Lynn1997" class="citation book cs1">Hankinson Nelson, Lynn (1997). Feminism, Science, And the Philosophy of Science. Springer. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-4611-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7923-4611-1"><bdi>978-0-7923-4611-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminism%2C+Science%2C+And+the+Philosophy+of+Science&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-7923-4611-1&rft.au=Hankinson+Nelson%2C+Lynn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson,_Elizabeth2000" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Anderson, Elizabeth (August 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-epistemology/">"Feminist Epistemology and Philosophy of Science"</a>. In Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 1 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feminist+Epistemology+and+Philosophy+of+Science&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.date=2000-08&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Ffeminism-epistemology%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCode2000" class="citation book cs1">Code, Lorraine (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffe0000unse/page/89">Encyclopedia of Feminist Theories</a>. Taylor & Francis. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffe0000unse/page/89">89</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13274-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13274-9"><bdi>978-0-415-13274-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Feminist+Theories&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-13274-9&rft.aulast=Code&rft.aufirst=Lorraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaoffe0000unse%2Fpage%2F89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBem1993" class="citation book cs1">Bem, Sandra L. (1993). The lenses of gender: transforming the debate on sexual inequality. New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05676-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-05676-1"><bdi>978-0-300-05676-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+lenses+of+gender%3A+transforming+the+debate+on+sexual+inequality&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-300-05676-1&rft.aulast=Bem&rft.aufirst=Sandra+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fausto-Sterling-206"><a href="#cite_ref-Fausto-Sterling_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFausto-Sterling1992" class="citation book cs1">Fausto-Sterling, Anne (1992). Myths of Gender: Biological Theories About Women and Men. New York, New York: BasicBooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-465-04792-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-465-04792-5"><bdi>978-0-465-04792-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Myths+of+Gender%3A+Biological+Theories+About+Women+and+Men&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pub=BasicBooks&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-465-04792-5&rft.aulast=Fausto-Sterling&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFine2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cordelia_Fine" title="Cordelia Fine">Fine, Cordelia</a> (2010). Delusions of Gender: How Our Minds, Society, And Neurosexism Create Difference. W. W. Norton & Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Delusions+of+Gender%3A+How+Our+Minds%2C+Society%2C+And+Neurosexism+Create+Difference&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Fine&rft.aufirst=Cordelia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorell2000" class="citation journal cs1">Worell, Judith (September 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~pchsiung/summer/SCMEDIA/Worell.pdf">"Feminism in Psychology: Revolution or Evolution?"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/The_Annals_of_the_American_Academy_of_Political_and_Social_Science" class="mw-redirect" title="The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science">The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science</a>. 571: 183–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0002716200571001013">10.1177/0002716200571001013</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1049142">1049142</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714173114/http://www.utsc.utoronto.ca/~pchsiung/summer/SCMEDIA/Worell.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 12 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Annals+of+the+American+Academy+of+Political+and+Social+Science&rft.atitle=Feminism+in+Psychology%3A+Revolution+or+Evolution%3F&rft.volume=571&rft.pages=183-96&rft.date=2000-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0002716200571001013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1049142%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Worell&rft.aufirst=Judith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utsc.utoronto.ca%2F~pchsiung%2Fsummer%2FSCMEDIA%2FWorell.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feministvoices.com">"Psychology's Feminist Voices"</a>. Psychology's Feminist Voices. Retrieved 12 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Psychology%27s+Feminist+Voices&rft.atitle=Psychology%27s+Feminist+Voices&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.feministvoices.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProchner2019" class="citation book cs1">Prochner, Isabel (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/21680">Feminist Contributions to Industrial Design and Design for Sustainability Theories and Practices</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminist+Contributions+to+Industrial+Design+and+Design+for+Sustainability+Theories+and+Practices&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Prochner&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapyrus.bib.umontreal.ca%2Fxmlui%2Fhandle%2F1866%2F21680&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuckley1986" class="citation journal cs1">Buckley, Cheryl (1986). "Made in patriarchy: Toward a feminist analysis of women and design". <a href="/wiki/Design_Issues" title="Design Issues">Design Issues</a>. 3 (2): 3–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1511480">10.2307/1511480</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1511480">1511480</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145562599">145562599</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+Issues&rft.atitle=Made+in+patriarchy%3A+Toward+a+feminist+analysis+of+women+and+design&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=3-14&rft.date=1986&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145562599%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1511480%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1511480&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothschild1999" class="citation book cs1">Rothschild, Judith (1999). Design and Feminism: Re-Visioning Spaces, Places, and Everyday Things.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+and+Feminism%3A+Re-Visioning+Spaces%2C+Places%2C+and+Everyday+Things&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Rothschild&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProchnerMarchand2018" class="citation conference cs1">Prochner, Isabel; Marchand, Anne (28 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2018.355">https://doi.org/10.21606/drs.2018.355</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dl.designresearchsociety.org/drs-conference-papers/drs2018/researchpapers/54">Learning from Feminist Critiques of and Recommendations for Industrial Design</a>. DRS2018: Catalyst. Vol. 2. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.21606%2Fdrs.2018.355">10.21606/drs.2018.355</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781912294275" title="Special:BookSources/9781912294275"><bdi>9781912294275</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150913753">150913753</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=Learning+from+Feminist+Critiques+of+and+Recommendations+for+Industrial+Design&rft.date=2018-06-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150913753%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.21606%2Fdrs.2018.355&rft.isbn=9781912294275&rft.aulast=Prochner&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft.au=Marchand%2C+Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.21606%2Fdrs.2018.355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_conference" title="Template:Cite conference">cite conference</a>}}</code>: <code class="cs1-code">|chapter-url=</code> missing title (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#bare_url_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEchols1989269–278-214"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEchols1989269–278_214-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEchols1989">Echols (1989)</a>, pp. 269–278. </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHogan2016" class="citation book cs1">Hogan, Kristen (2016). The Feminist Bookstore Movement: Lesbian Antiracism and Feminist Accountability. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feminist+Bookstore+Movement%3A+Lesbian+Antiracism+and+Feminist+Accountability&rft.place=Durham%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Hogan&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gopnik-216">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gopnik_216-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gopnik_216-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlake_Gopnik2007" class="citation news cs1">Blake Gopnik (22 April 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/20/AR2007042000400.html">"What Is Feminist Art?"</a>. The Washington Post. Retrieved 3 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=What+Is+Feminist+Art%3F&rft.date=2007-04-22&rft.au=Blake+Gopnik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F04%2F20%2FAR2007042000400.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoban,_Phoebe2009" class="citation news cs1">Hoban, Phoebe (December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120118010550/http://www.artnews.com/2009/12/01/the-feminist-evolution/">"The Feminist Evolution"</a>. ARTnews. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.artnews.com/2009/12/01/the-feminist-evolution/">the original</a> on 18 January 2012. Retrieved 4 December 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ARTnews&rft.atitle=The+Feminist+Evolution&rft.date=2009-12&rft.au=Hoban%2C+Phoebe&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.artnews.com%2F2009%2F12%2F01%2Fthe-feminist-evolution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferrando_2016-218"><a href="#cite_ref-Ferrando_2016_218-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerrando2016" class="citation journal cs1">Ferrando, Francesca (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fpalcomms.2016.11">"A feminist genealogy of posthuman aesthetics in the visual arts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Palgrave Communications">Palgrave Communications</a>. 2 (16011): 16011. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fpalcomms.2016.11">10.1057/palcomms.2016.11</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palgrave+Communications&rft.atitle=A+feminist+genealogy+of+posthuman+aesthetics+in+the+visual+arts&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=16011&rft.pages=16011&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fpalcomms.2016.11&rft.aulast=Ferrando&rft.aufirst=Francesca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1057%252Fpalcomms.2016.11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blain-219">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blain_219-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blain_219-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlain,_VirginiaClements,_PatriciaGrundy,_Isobel1990" class="citation book cs1">Blain, Virginia; Clements, Patricia; Grundy, Isobel (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feministcompanio00blai/page/">The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to the Present</a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feministcompanio00blai/page/">vii–x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04854-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04854-4"><bdi>978-0-300-04854-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feminist+Companion+to+Literature+in+English%3A+Women+Writers+from+the+Middle+Ages+to+the+Present&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=vii-x&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-300-04854-4&rft.au=Blain%2C+Virginia&rft.au=Clements%2C+Patricia&rft.au=Grundy%2C+Isobel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffeministcompanio00blai%2Fpage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert1986" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Gilbert" title="Sandra Gilbert">Gilbert, Sandra M.</a> (4 May 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A0DE4DD1E3AF937A35756C0A960948260">"Paperbacks: From Our Mothers' Libraries: Women Who Created the Novel"</a>. The New York Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Paperbacks%3A+From+Our+Mothers%27+Libraries%3A+Women+Who+Created+the+Novel&rft.date=1986-05-04&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Sandra+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9A0DE4DD1E3AF937A35756C0A960948260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuck1992" class="citation book cs1">Buck, Claire, ed. (1992). The Bloomsbury Guide to Women's Literature. Prentice Hall. p. vix.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bloomsbury+Guide+to+Women%27s+Literature&rft.pages=vix&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalzman2000" class="citation book cs1">Salzman, Paul (2000). "Introduction". Early Modern Women's Writing. Oxford UP. pp. ix–x.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Early+Modern+Women%27s+Writing&rft.pages=ix-x&rft.pub=Oxford+UP&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Salzman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> Term coined by Ellen Moers in Literary Women: The Great Writers (New York: Doubleday, 1976). See also Juliann E. Fleenor, ed., The Female Gothic (Montreal: Eden Press, 1983) and Gary Kelly, ed., Varieties of Female Gothic 6 Vols. (London: Pickering & Chatto, 2002). </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelford,_Elyce_Rae2005" class="citation book cs1">Helford, Elyce Rae (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feministcompanio00blai/page/289">"Feminist Science Fiction"</a>. In Westfahl, Gary (ed.). The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Science Fiction and Fantasy. Greenwood Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feministcompanio00blai/page/289">289–291</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04854-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-04854-4"><bdi>978-0-300-04854-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feminist+Science+Fiction&rft.btitle=The+Greenwood+Encyclopedia+of+Science+Fiction+and+Fantasy&rft.pages=289-291&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-300-04854-4&rft.au=Helford%2C+Elyce+Rae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffeministcompanio00blai%2Fpage%2F289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLips1990" class="citation journal cs1">Lips, Hilary M. (1990). "Using Science Fiction to Teach the Psychology of Sex and Gender". <a href="/wiki/Teaching_of_Psychology" title="Teaching of Psychology">Teaching of Psychology</a>. 17 (3): 197–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1207%2Fs15328023top1703_17">10.1207/s15328023top1703_17</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145519594">145519594</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Teaching+of+Psychology&rft.atitle=Using+Science+Fiction+to+Teach+the+Psychology+of+Sex+and+Gender&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=197-98&rft.date=1990&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1207%2Fs15328023top1703_17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145519594%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Lips&rft.aufirst=Hilary+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/hrotsvitha-gandersheim-c-935-1001">"Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim (C. 935–1001) | Encyclopedia.com"</a>. www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 31 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=Hrotsvitha+of+Gandersheim+%28C.+935%E2%80%931001%29+%26%23124%3B+Encyclopedia.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Fwomen%2Fencyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps%2Fhrotsvitha-gandersheim-c-935-1001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah2018" class="citation web cs1">Shah, Mahvish (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://feminisminindia.com/2018/08/10/i-know-why-the-caged-bird-sings-review-maya-angelou/">"I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings: Angelou's Quest to Truth and Power"</a>. Feminism in India.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Feminism+in+India&rft.atitle=I+Know+Why+The+Caged+Bird+Sings%3A+Angelou%27s+Quest+to+Truth+and+Power&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Mahvish&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffeminisminindia.com%2F2018%2F08%2F10%2Fi-know-why-the-caged-bird-sings-review-maya-angelou%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoetry_Foundation2018" class="citation web cs1">Poetry Foundation (29 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/144696/a-change-of-world">"A Change of World"</a>. Poetry Foundation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poetry+Foundation&rft.atitle=A+Change+of+World&rft.date=2018-11-29&rft.au=Poetry+Foundation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryfoundation.org%2Farticles%2F144696%2Fa-change-of-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCase1983" class="citation journal cs1">Case, Sue-Ellen (December 1983). "Re-Viewing Hrotsvit". <a href="/wiki/Theatre_Journal" title="Theatre Journal">Theatre Journal</a>. 35 (4): 533–542. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3207334">10.2307/3207334</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3207334">3207334</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Theatre+Journal&rft.atitle=Re-Viewing+Hrotsvit&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=533-542&rft.date=1983-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3207334&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3207334%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Case&rft.aufirst=Sue-Ellen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSack2019" class="citation web cs1">Sack, Harald (6 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scihi.org/hrotsvitha-gandersheim/">"Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim – The Most Remarkable Women of Her Time"</a>. SciHi Blog. Retrieved 6 December 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SciHi+Blog&rft.atitle=Hrotsvitha+of+Gandersheim+%E2%80%93+The+Most+Remarkable+Women+of+Her+Time&rft.date=2019-02-06&rft.aulast=Sack&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscihi.org%2Fhrotsvitha-gandersheim%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrankforter1979" class="citation journal cs1">Frankforter, A. Daniel (February 1979). "Hroswitha of Gandersheim and the Destiny of Women". <a href="/wiki/The_Historian_(journal)" title="The Historian (journal)">The Historian</a>. 41 (2): 295–314. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1540-6563.1979.tb00548.x">10.1111/j.1540-6563.1979.tb00548.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0018-2370">0018-2370</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Historian&rft.atitle=Hroswitha+of+Gandersheim+and+the+Destiny+of+Women&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=295-314&rft.date=1979-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1540-6563.1979.tb00548.x&rft.issn=0018-2370&rft.aulast=Frankforter&rft.aufirst=A.+Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmily_McFarlan_Miller2019" class="citation web cs1">Emily McFarlan Miller (20 March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lentmadness.org/2019/03/hrotsvitha-vs-gobnait/">"Hrotsvitha Vs. Gobnait"</a>. Lent Madness. Retrieved 23 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lent+Madness&rft.atitle=Hrotsvitha+Vs.+Gobnait&rft.date=2019-03-20&rft.au=Emily+McFarlan+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lentmadness.org%2F2019%2F03%2Fhrotsvitha-vs-gobnait%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSack2019" class="citation web cs1">Sack, Harald (6 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scihi.org/hrotsvitha-gandersheim/">"Hrotsvitha of Gandersheim – The Most Remarkable Women of Her Time"</a>. SciHi Blog. Retrieved 23 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SciHi+Blog&rft.atitle=Hrotsvitha+of+Gandersheim+%E2%80%93+The+Most+Remarkable+Women+of+Her+Time&rft.date=2019-02-06&rft.aulast=Sack&rft.aufirst=Harald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscihi.org%2Fhrotsvitha-gandersheim%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NoSmPvtPty-234">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NoSmPvtPty_234-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NoSmPvtPty_234-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLont1992" class="citation book cs1">Lont, Cynthia (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockinboatmassmu00garof">"Women's Music: No Longer a Small Private Party"</a>. In Garofalo, Reebee (ed.). Rockin' the Boat: Mass Music & Mass Movements. Cambridge, Massachusetts: South End Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rockinboatmassmu00garof/page/242">242</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-427-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-427-8"><bdi>978-0-89608-427-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Music%3A+No+Longer+a+Small+Private+Party&rft.btitle=Rockin%27+the+Boat%3A+Mass+Music+%26+Mass+Movements&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=242&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-89608-427-8&rft.aulast=Lont&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frockinboatmassmu00garof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeraino2001" class="citation journal cs1">Peraino, Judith A. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121108161237/http://business.highbeam.com/437059/article-1G1-86048837/girls-guitars-and-other-strange-stories">"Girls with Guitars and Other Strange Stories"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Musicological_Society" title="Journal of the American Musicological Society">Journal of the American Musicological Society</a>. 54 (3): 692–709. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjams.2001.54.3.692">10.1525/jams.2001.54.3.692</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.highbeam.com/437059/article-1G1-86048837/girls-guitars-and-other-strange-stories">the original</a> on 8 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Musicological+Society&rft.atitle=Girls+with+Guitars+and+Other+Strange+Stories&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=692-709&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjams.2001.54.3.692&rft.aulast=Peraino&rft.aufirst=Judith+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.highbeam.com%2F437059%2Farticle-1G1-86048837%2Fgirls-guitars-and-other-strange-stories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RadHarmonies-236">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RadHarmonies_236-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RadHarmonies_236-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMosbacher2002" class="citation audio-visual cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dee_Mosbacher" title="Dee Mosbacher">Mosbacher, Dee</a> (2002). <a href="/wiki/Radical_Harmonies" title="Radical Harmonies">Radical Harmonies</a>. San Francisco, CA: Woman Vision. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/53071762">53071762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Radical+Harmonies&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+CA&rft.pub=Woman+Vision&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F53071762&rft.aulast=Mosbacher&rft.aufirst=Dee&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mus-237">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mus_237-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mus_237-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mus_237-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeardGloag2005" class="citation book cs1">Beard, David; Gloag, Kenneth (2005). Musicology: The Key Concepts. Routledge key guides. London and New York: Routledge: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31692-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-31692-7"><bdi>978-0-415-31692-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Musicology%3A+The+Key+Concepts&rft.place=London+and+New+York%3A+Routledge&rft.series=Routledge+key+guides&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-415-31692-7&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Gloag%2C+Kenneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-theguardian.com-238"><a href="#cite_ref-theguardian.com_238-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuchen2015" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Duchen" title="Jessica Duchen">Duchen, Jessica</a> (28 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/feb/28/why-male-domination-of-classical-music-might-end">"Why the Male Domination of Classical Music Might Be Coming to an End"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Why+the+Male+Domination+of+Classical+Music+Might+Be+Coming+to+an+End&rft.date=2015-02-28&rft.aulast=Duchen&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2015%2Ffeb%2F28%2Fwhy-male-domination-of-classical-music-might-end&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNcube2013" class="citation web cs1">Ncube, Rosina (September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soundonsound.com/people/sounding-why-so-few-women-audio">"Sounding Off: Why So Few Women in Audio?"</a>. Sound on Sound.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sound+on+Sound&rft.atitle=Sounding+Off%3A+Why+So+Few+Women+in+Audio%3F&rft.date=2013-09&rft.aulast=Ncube&rft.aufirst=Rosina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soundonsound.com%2Fpeople%2Fsounding-why-so-few-women-audio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womensactivism.nyc/stories/9713">"Women's Activism NYC"</a>. www.womensactivism.nyc. Retrieved 15 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.womensactivism.nyc&rft.atitle=Women%27s+Activism+NYC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.womensactivism.nyc%2Fstories%2F9713&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egyptianstreets.com/2019/05/27/remembering-4-films-by-faten-hamama-championing-womens-rights/">"Remembering Films by Faten Hamama Championing Women's Rights | Egyptian Streets"</a>. 27 May 2019. Retrieved 15 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remembering+Films+by+Faten+Hamama+Championing+Women%27s+Rights+%7C+Egyptian+Streets&rft.date=2019-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fegyptianstreets.com%2F2019%2F05%2F27%2Fremembering-4-films-by-faten-hamama-championing-womens-rights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayward2006" class="citation book cs1">Hayward, Susan (2006). Cinema Studies – The Key Concepts (3rd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. pp. 134–5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cinema+Studies+%E2%80%93+The+Key+Concepts&rft.pages=134-5&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Hayward&rft.aufirst=Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErens1991" class="citation book cs1">Erens, Patricia Brett (1991). Issues in Feminist Film Criticism. <a href="/wiki/Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiley & Sons">Wiley & Sons</a>. p. 270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253206107" title="Special:BookSources/9780253206107"><bdi>9780253206107</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Issues+in+Feminist+Film+Criticism&rft.pages=270&rft.pub=Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780253206107&rft.aulast=Erens&rft.aufirst=Patricia+Brett&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhnRadstone1990" class="citation book cs1">Kuhn, A.; Radstone, S., eds. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womenscompaniont00kuhn">Women's Companion to International Film</a>. Virago. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womenscompaniont00kuhn/page/153">153</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781853810817" title="Special:BookSources/9781853810817"><bdi>9781853810817</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Companion+to+International+Film&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Virago&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9781853810817&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomenscompaniont00kuhn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEttingerSzpeker-BenatPollock1999" class="citation book cs1">Ettinger, Bracha; Szpeker-Benat, Ghislaine; Pollock, Griselda (1999). Regard et espace-de-bord matrixiels: essais psychanalytiques sur le féminin et le travail de l'art. Collection essais. Bruxelles: Lettre volée. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-87317-102-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-87317-102-5"><bdi>978-2-87317-102-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regard+et+espace-de-bord+matrixiels%3A+essais+psychanalytiques+sur+le+f%C3%A9minin+et+le+travail+de+l%27art&rft.place=Bruxelles&rft.series=Collection+essais&rft.pub=Lettre+vol%C3%A9e&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-2-87317-102-5&rft.aulast=Ettinger&rft.aufirst=Bracha&rft.au=Szpeker-Benat%2C+Ghislaine&rft.au=Pollock%2C+Griselda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEttinger2020" class="citation book cs1">Ettinger, Bracha (2020). Pollock, Griselda (ed.). Matrixial Subjectivity, Aesthetics, Ethics: Volume 1 1990-2000. Studies in the Psychosocial. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-34515-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-34515-8"><bdi>978-1-137-34515-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Matrixial+Subjectivity%2C+Aesthetics%2C+Ethics%3A+Volume+1+1990-2000&rft.place=London&rft.series=Studies+in+the+Psychosocial&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+UK&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-137-34515-8&rft.aulast=Ettinger&rft.aufirst=Bracha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEttingerChristov-BakargievPollockKinsella2015" class="citation book cs1">Ettinger, Bracha; Christov-Bakargiev, Carolyn; Pollock, Griselda; Kinsella, Tina; Benjamin, Andrew E.; Wolkstein, Oded; Bourriaud, Nicolas; Ḳara-Iṿanov Ḳaniʾel, Rut; Buci-Glucksmann, Christine (2015). Bracha L. Ettinger: and my heart wound-space. Leeds: Wild Pansy Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-900687-55-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-900687-55-3"><bdi>978-1-900687-55-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bracha+L.+Ettinger%3A+and+my+heart+wound-space&rft.place=Leeds&rft.pub=Wild+Pansy+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-900687-55-3&rft.aulast=Ettinger&rft.aufirst=Bracha&rft.au=Christov-Bakargiev%2C+Carolyn&rft.au=Pollock%2C+Griselda&rft.au=Kinsella%2C+Tina&rft.au=Benjamin%2C+Andrew+E.&rft.au=Wolkstein%2C+Oded&rft.au=Bourriaud%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=%E1%B8%B2ara-I%E1%B9%BFanov+%E1%B8%B2ani%CA%BEel%2C+Rut&rft.au=Buci-Glucksmann%2C+Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> Gutierrez-Albilla, Julian. Aesthetics, Ethics and Trauma in the Cinema of Pedro Almodovar. Edinburch University Press, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> Gardiner, Kyoko. "Ettingerian reading of feminine-matrixial encounters in Duras/Rennais' Hiroshima Mon Amour". In: Ayelet Zohar, ed. PostGender. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> de Zegher, Catherine M., ed. Inside the Visible. Boston: The Institute of Contemporary Art/Cambridge and London: MIT Press, 1996 </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Pollock,_Griselda" class="mw-redirect" title="Pollock, Griselda">Pollock, Griselda</a>. Encounters in the Virtual Feminist Museum. Taylor and Francis, 2010. </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Carol_Armstrong" title="Carol Armstrong">Carol Armstrong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de_Zegher" title="Catherine de Zegher">Catherine de Zegher</a>. Women Artists at the Millennium. October Books/MIT Press, 2006 2006. </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> Vandenbroeck, Paul. The Glimpse of the Concealed. Royal Museum of Fine Art, Antwerp, 2017. </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> Butler, Judith. "Bracha's Eurydice". In: Drawing Papers, no 24: 31–35, 2001. </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiannetti1996" class="citation book cs1">Giannetti, Louis D. (1996). Understanding movies (7th ed.). Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall. p. 416. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-190836-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-190836-9"><bdi>978-0-13-190836-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+movies&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+N.J&rft.pages=416&rft.edition=7th&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-13-190836-9&rft.aulast=Giannetti&rft.aufirst=Louis+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDerek_Thompson2018" class="citation web cs1">Derek Thompson (11 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2018/01/the-brutal-math-of-gender-inequality-in-hollywood/550232/">"The Brutal Math of Gender Inequality in Hollywood"</a>. The Atlantic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Brutal+Math+of+Gender+Inequality+in+Hollywood&rft.date=2018-01-11&rft.au=Derek+Thompson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fbusiness%2Farchive%2F2018%2F01%2Fthe-brutal-math-of-gender-inequality-in-hollywood%2F550232%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://namesorts.com/2014/04/16/assessing-the-gender-gap-in-the-film-industry">"Assessing the Gender Gap in the Film Industry"</a>. NamSor Blog. 16 April 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assessing+the+Gender+Gap+in+the+Film+Industry&rft.pub=NamSor+Blog&rft.date=2014-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnamesorts.com%2F2014%2F04%2F16%2Fassessing-the-gender-gap-in-the-film-industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadia,_Gilbert1994" class="citation book cs1">Badia, Gilbert (1994). Zetkin. Femminista Senza Frontiere. University of Michigan. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-85378-53-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-85378-53-7"><bdi>978-88-85378-53-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zetkin.+Femminista+Senza+Frontiere&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-88-85378-53-7&rft.au=Badia%2C+Gilbert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hww5-259">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hww5_259-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hww5_259-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hww5_259-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubyPerrotSchmitt_Pantel1994" class="citation book cs1">Duby, Georges; Perrot, Michelle; Schmitt Pantel, Pauline (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofwomenin00gold/page/600">A History of Women in the West</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofwomenin00gold/page/600">600</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-40369-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-40369-7"><bdi>978-0-674-40369-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Women+in+the+West&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pages=600&rft.pub=Belknap+Press+of+Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-674-40369-7&rft.aulast=Duby&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft.au=Perrot%2C+Michelle&rft.au=Schmitt+Pantel%2C+Pauline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofwomenin00gold%2Fpage%2F600&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">The Radical Women Manifesto: Socialist Feminist Theory, Program and Organizational Structure. Seattle, WA: Red Letter Press. 2001. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-932323-11-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-932323-11-8"><bdi>978-0-932323-11-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Radical+Women+Manifesto%3A+Socialist+Feminist+Theory%2C+Program+and+Organizational+Structure&rft.place=Seattle%2C+WA&rft.pub=Red+Letter+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-932323-11-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ib-261"><a href="#cite_ref-Ib_261-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbárruri,_Dolores1938" class="citation book cs1">Ibárruri, Dolores (1938). Speeches & Articles, 1936–1938. University of Michigan. p. 263.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Speeches+%26+Articles%2C+1936%E2%80%931938&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1938&rft.au=Ib%C3%A1rruri%2C+Dolores&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_McGuffin1973" class="citation web cs1">John McGuffin (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishresistancebooks.com/internment/intern6.htm">"Internment – Women Internees 1916–1973"</a>. Retrieved 22 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Internment+%E2%80%93+Women+Internees+1916%E2%80%931973&rft.date=1973&rft.au=John+McGuffin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishresistancebooks.com%2Finternment%2Fintern6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-elecs_irl-263"><a href="#cite_ref-elecs_irl_263-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electionsireland.org/candidate.cfm?id=994">"Countess Constance De Markievicz"</a>. ElectionsIreland.org. Retrieved 22 March 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ElectionsIreland.org&rft.atitle=Countess+Constance+De+Markievicz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felectionsireland.org%2Fcandidate.cfm%3Fid%3D994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBunbury" class="citation web cs1">Bunbury, Turtle. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turtlebunbury.com/interviews/interviews_misc/interviews_misc_dorotheafindlater.html">"Dorothea Findlater – One Hundred Years On"</a>. Retrieved 5 January 2016. <q>Perhaps the most awkward arrest Wheeler made was Countess Markievicz, his wife's first cousin.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dorothea+Findlater+%E2%80%93+One+Hundred+Years+On&rft.aulast=Bunbury&rft.aufirst=Turtle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turtlebunbury.com%2Finterviews%2Finterviews_misc%2Finterviews_misc_dorotheafindlater.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hagg-265"><a href="#cite_ref-hagg_265-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHägg2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hägg, Göran (2008). Mussolini: En Studie I Makt [A study in power] (in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedt. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-91-1-301949-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-91-1-301949-9"><bdi>978-91-1-301949-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mussolini%3A+En+Studie+I+Makt&rft.place=Stockholm&rft.pub=Norstedt&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-91-1-301949-9&rft.aulast=H%C3%A4gg&rft.aufirst=G%C3%B6ran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-passmore-266"><a href="#cite_ref-passmore_266-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPassmore2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_fascism#Kevin_Passmore" title="Definitions of fascism">Passmore, Kevin</a> (2003). Women, Gender and Fascism in Europe, 1919–45. Piscataway, N.J.: Rutgers Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3308-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-3308-7"><bdi>978-0-8135-3308-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%2C+Gender+and+Fascism+in+Europe%2C+1919%E2%80%9345&rft.place=Piscataway%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Rutgers+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-3308-7&rft.aulast=Passmore&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blamires-267">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blamires_267-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blamires_267-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blamires_267-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlamires2006" class="citation book cs1">Blamires, Cyprian (2006). World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia. Vol. 1. ABC-CLIO. pp. 232–33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-940-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-940-9"><bdi>978-1-57607-940-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Fascism%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=232-33&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-940-9&rft.aulast=Blamires&rft.aufirst=Cyprian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levy-268">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Levy_268-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Levy_268-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy1998" class="citation book cs1">Levy, Peter (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/civilrightsmovem00levy">The Civil Rights Movement</a>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29854-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-29854-7"><bdi>978-0-313-29854-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Civil+Rights+Movement&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-313-29854-7&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcivilrightsmovem00levy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCode2000" class="citation book cs1">Code, Lorraine (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffe0000unse">"Civil rights"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaoffe0000unse">Encyclopedia of Feminist Theories</a>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13274-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-13274-9"><bdi>978-0-415-13274-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Civil+rights&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Feminist+Theories&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-415-13274-9&rft.aulast=Code&rft.aufirst=Lorraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaoffe0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFhooks2014" class="citation book cs1">hooks, bell (3 October 2014). Feminist Theory. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315743172">10.4324/9781315743172</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-74317-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-74317-2"><bdi>978-1-315-74317-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminist+Theory&rft.date=2014-10-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315743172&rft.isbn=978-1-315-74317-2&rft.aulast=hooks&rft.aufirst=bell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManditch-Prottas2019" class="citation journal cs1">Manditch-Prottas, Zachary (2019). "Meeting at the Watchtower: Eldridge Cleaver, James Baldwin's No Name in the Street, And Racializing Homophobic Vernacular". <a href="/wiki/African_American_Review" title="African American Review">African American Review</a>. 52 (2): 179–195. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fafa.2019.0027">10.1353/afa.2019.0027</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1945-6182">1945-6182</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:197851021">197851021</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=African+American+Review&rft.atitle=Meeting+at+the+Watchtower%3A+Eldridge+Cleaver%2C+James+Baldwin%27s+No+Name+in+the+Street%2C+And+Racializing+Homophobic+Vernacular&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=179-195&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A197851021%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1945-6182&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fafa.2019.0027&rft.aulast=Manditch-Prottas&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoth2004" class="citation book cs1">Roth, Benita (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/separateroadstof00roth">Separate Roads to Feminism: Black, Chicana, And White Feminist Movements in America's Second Wave</a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52972-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-52972-3"><bdi>978-0-521-52972-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Separate+Roads+to+Feminism%3A+Black%2C+Chicana%2C+And+White+Feminist+Movements+in+America%27s+Second+Wave&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-521-52972-3&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Benita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fseparateroadstof00roth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinddance_TwineBlee2001" class="citation book cs1">Winddance Twine, France; Blee, Kathleen M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feminismantiraci0000unse">Feminism and Antiracism: International Struggles for Justice</a>. NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-9855-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-9855-3"><bdi>978-0-8147-9855-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminism+and+Antiracism%3A+International+Struggles+for+Justice&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-9855-3&rft.aulast=Winddance+Twine&rft.aufirst=France&rft.au=Blee%2C+Kathleen+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffeminismantiraci0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitchieRonald2001" class="citation book cs1">Ritchie, Joy; Ronald, Kate, eds. (12 July 2001). "The Combahee River Collective Statement (1977)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hjqnj">Available Means: An Anthology Of Women'S Rhetoric(s)</a>. University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 292–300. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctt5hjqnj.50">10.2307/j.ctt5hjqnj.50</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-7975-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-7975-3"><bdi>978-0-8229-7975-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt5hjqnj">j.ctt5hjqnj</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Combahee+River+Collective+Statement+%281977%29&rft.btitle=Available+Means%3A+An+Anthology+Of+Women%27S+Rhetoric%28s%29&rft.pages=292-300&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=2001-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt5hjqnj%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctt5hjqnj.50&rft.isbn=978-0-8229-7975-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt5hjqnj&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peterson-275">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peterson_275-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peterson_275-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peterson_275-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peterson_275-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peterson_275-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeterson2014" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, V. Spike (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2AKBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT291">"International/Global Political Economy"</a>. In Shepherd, Laura J. (ed.). Gender Matters in Global Politics (2 ed.). Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-75259-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-75259-1"><bdi>978-1-134-75259-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=International%2FGlobal+Political+Economy&rft.btitle=Gender+Matters+in+Global+Politics&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-134-75259-1&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=V.+Spike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC2AKBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-elias-276">^ <a href="#cite_ref-elias_276-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-elias_276-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEliasFerguson2014" class="citation book cs1">Elias, Juanita; Ferguson, Lucy (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2AKBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT291">"Production, Employment, and Consumption"</a>. In Shepherd, Laura J. (ed.). Gender Matters in Global Politics. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-75259-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-75259-1"><bdi>978-1-134-75259-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Production%2C+Employment%2C+and+Consumption&rft.btitle=Gender+Matters+in+Global+Politics&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-134-75259-1&rft.aulast=Elias&rft.aufirst=Juanita&rft.au=Ferguson%2C+Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC2AKBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-quarterly-277"><a href="#cite_ref-quarterly_277-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLockwood,_Bert_B.2006" class="citation book cs1">Lockwood, Bert B. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/womensrightshuma0000unse">Women's Rights: A Human Rights Quarterly Reader</a>. The Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8374-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8374-3"><bdi>978-0-8018-8374-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women%27s+Rights%3A+A+Human+Rights+Quarterly+Reader&rft.pub=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8374-3&rft.au=Lockwood%2C+Bert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwomensrightshuma0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreeman" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jo_Freeman" title="Jo Freeman">Freeman, Jo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jofreeman.com/feminism/suffrage.htm">"From Suffrage to Women's Liberation: Feminism in Twentieth Century America"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=From+Suffrage+to+Women%27s+Liberation%3A+Feminism+in+Twentieth+Century+America&rft.aulast=Freeman&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jofreeman.com%2Ffeminism%2Fsuffrage.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRush1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Florence_Rush" title="Florence Rush">Rush, Florence</a> (1988). The Best Kept Secret: Sexual Abuse of Children. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-054223-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-054223-5"><bdi>978-0-07-054223-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Best+Kept+Secret%3A+Sexual+Abuse+of+Children&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-07-054223-5&rft.aulast=Rush&rft.aufirst=Florence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://now.org/about/history/statement-of-purpose/">"Statement of Purpose"</a>. National Organization for Women. 29 October 1966. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231202154147/https://now.org/about/history/statement-of-purpose/">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Organization+for+Women&rft.atitle=Statement+of+Purpose&rft.date=1966-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnow.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fstatement-of-purpose%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hochschild1-281"><a href="#cite_ref-Hochschild1_281-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHochschild,_Arlie_RussellMachung,_Anne2003" class="citation book cs1">Hochschild, Arlie Russell; Machung, Anne (2003). The Second Shift. New York: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-200292-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-200292-6"><bdi>978-0-14-200292-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Second+Shift&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-14-200292-6&rft.au=Hochschild%2C+Arlie+Russell&rft.au=Machung%2C+Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hochschild2-282"><a href="#cite_ref-Hochschild2_282-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHochschild,_Arlie_Russell2001" class="citation book cs1">Hochschild, Arlie Russell (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/timebind00arli_0">The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work</a>. New York: Henry Holt & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-6643-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-6643-2"><bdi>978-0-8050-6643-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Time+Bind%3A+When+Work+Becomes+Home+and+Home+Becomes+Work&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Henry+Holt+%26+Co.&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-6643-2&rft.au=Hochschild%2C+Arlie+Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftimebind00arli_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung,_Cathy2000" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cathy_Young" title="Cathy Young">Young, Cathy</a> (12 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/2000/06/12/gatekeeping/">"The Mama Lion at the Gate"</a>. Salon.com. Retrieved 17 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Salon.com&rft.atitle=The+Mama+Lion+at+the+Gate&rft.date=2000-06-12&rft.au=Young%2C+Cathy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2000%2F06%2F12%2Fgatekeeping%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1970" class="citation journal cs1">Brown, Judith K. (October 1970). "A Note on the Division of Labor by Sex". <a href="/wiki/American_Anthropologist" title="American Anthropologist">American Anthropologist</a>. 72 (5): 1073–78. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Faa.1970.72.5.02a00070">10.1525/aa.1970.72.5.02a00070</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Anthropologist&rft.atitle=A+Note+on+the+Division+of+Labor+by+Sex&rft.volume=72&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=1073-78&rft.date=1970-10&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Faa.1970.72.5.02a00070&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Judith+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/CEDAW.aspx">"Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women New York, 18 December 1979"</a>. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Retrieved 31 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Convention+on+the+Elimination+of+All+Forms+of+Discrimination+Against+Women+New+York%2C+18+December+1979&rft.pub=Office+of+the+United+Nations+High+Commissioner+for+Human+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FEN%2FProfessionalInterest%2FPages%2FCEDAW.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-blacks-286"><a href="#cite_ref-blacks_286-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarner2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_A._Garner" title="Bryan A. Garner">Garner, Bryan</a>, ed. (2014). <a href="/wiki/Black%27s_Law_Dictionary" title="Black's Law Dictionary">Black's Law Dictionary</a> (10th ed.). St. Paul, Minn.: Thomson Reuters. p. 985. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-314-61300-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-314-61300-4"><bdi>978-0-314-61300-4</bdi></a>. <q>Feminist jurisprudence examines ... the history of legal and social biases against women, the elimination of those biases in modern law, and the enhancement of women's legal rights and recognition [status] in society.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black%27s+Law+Dictionary&rft.place=St.+Paul%2C+Minn.&rft.pages=985&rft.edition=10th&rft.pub=Thomson+Reuters&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-314-61300-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-minda-287"><a href="#cite_ref-minda_287-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinda1995" class="citation book cs1">Minda, Gary (1995). Postmodern Legal Movements: Law and Jurisprudence at Century's End. N.Y.C.: <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">NYU Press</a>. pp. 129–30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-5510-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-5510-5"><bdi>978-0-8147-5510-5</bdi></a>. <q>Feminist legal scholars, despite their differences, appear united in claiming that 'masculine' jurisprudence ... fails to acknowledge, let alone respond to, the interests, values, fears, and harms experienced by women.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Postmodern+Legal+Movements%3A+Law+and+Jurisprudence+at+Century%27s+End&rft.place=N.Y.C.&rft.pages=129-30&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-5510-5&rft.aulast=Minda&rft.aufirst=Gary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerSwift1988" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Casey_Miller" title="Casey Miller">Miller, Casey</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kate_Swift" title="Kate Swift">Swift, Kate</a> (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofnonsex00millrich">The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing</a>. N.Y.C.: Harper & Row. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookofnonsex00millrich/page/45">45</a>, 64, 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-181602-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-181602-4"><bdi>978-0-06-181602-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Nonsexist+Writing&rft.place=N.Y.C.&rft.pages=45%2C+64%2C+66&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-06-181602-4&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Casey&rft.au=Swift%2C+Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookofnonsex00millrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-handbook_linguistics-289"><a href="#cite_ref-handbook_linguistics_289-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAartsMcMahon2006" class="citation book cs1">Aarts, Bas; McMahon, April, eds. (2006). The Handbook of English Linguistics. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-1382-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-1382-3"><bdi>978-1-4051-1382-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+English+Linguistics&rft.place=Malden%2C+Mass.&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-1382-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/woty2017-top-looked-up-words-feminism">"Word of the Year 2017"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=Word+of+the+Year+2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fwords-at-play%2Fwoty2017-top-looked-up-words-feminism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bundesen-291"><a href="#cite_ref-Bundesen_291-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBundesen,_Lynne2007" class="citation book cs1">Bundesen, Lynne (30 March 2007). The Feminine Spirit: Recapturing the Heart of Scripture. Jossey-Bass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7879-8495-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7879-8495-3"><bdi>978-0-7879-8495-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feminine+Spirit%3A+Recapturing+the+Heart+of+Scripture&rft.pub=Jossey-Bass&rft.date=2007-03-30&rft.isbn=978-0-7879-8495-3&rft.au=Bundesen%2C+Lynne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haddad-292"><a href="#cite_ref-Haddad_292-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaddad,_Mimi2006" class="citation journal cs1">Haddad, Mimi (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150713193304/http://www.cbeinternational.org/sites/default/files/pp204_10ep.pdf">"Egalitarian Pioneers: Betty Friedan or Catherine Booth?"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Priscilla_Papers" title="Priscilla Papers">Priscilla Papers</a>. 20 (4). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbeinternational.org/sites/default/files/pp204_10ep.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 13 July 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Priscilla+Papers&rft.atitle=Egalitarian+Pioneers%3A+Betty+Friedan+or+Catherine+Booth%3F&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Haddad%2C+Mimi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbeinternational.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpp204_10ep.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-andeson-293"><a href="#cite_ref-andeson_293-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson,_Pamela_SueClack,_Beverley2004" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Pamela Sue; Clack, Beverley (2004). Feminist Philosophy of Religion: Critical Readings. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25749-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-25749-7"><bdi>978-0-415-25749-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminist+Philosophy+of+Religion%3A+Critical+Readings&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-415-25749-7&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Pamela+Sue&rft.au=Clack%2C+Beverley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBadran,_Margot2002" class="citation web cs1">Badran, Margot (17–23 January 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feministezine.com/feminist/international/Islamic-Feminism-01.html">"Islamic Feminism: What's in a Name?"</a>. Retrieved 17 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islamic+Feminism%3A+What%27s+in+a+Name%3F&rft.date=2002-01-17%2F2002-01-23&rft.au=Badran%2C+Margot&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.feministezine.com%2Ffeminist%2Finternational%2FIslamic-Feminism-01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCatalonian_Islamic_Board2008" class="citation web cs1">Catalonian Islamic Board (24–27 October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070114144940/http://www.feminismeislamic.org/eng/index.htm">"II International Congress on Islamic Feminism"</a>. feminismeislamic.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feminismeislamic.org/eng/index.htm">the original</a> on 14 January 2007. Retrieved 9 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=II+International+Congress+on+Islamic+Feminism&rft.pub=feminismeislamic.org&rft.date=2008-10-24%2F2008-10-27&rft.au=Catalonian+Islamic+Board&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.feminismeislamic.org%2Feng%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross1992" class="citation book cs1">Gross, Rita M. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buddhismafterpat00gros">Buddhism After Patriarchy: A Feminist History, Analysis, And Reconstruction of Buddhism</a>. Albany, New York: <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Press">State University of New York Press</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/buddhismafterpat00gros/page/127">127</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1403-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-1403-3"><bdi>978-0-7914-1403-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 7 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Buddhism+After+Patriarchy%3A+A+Feminist+History%2C+Analysis%2C+And+Reconstruction+of+Buddhism&rft.place=Albany%2C+New+York&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-1403-3&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Rita+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbuddhismafterpat00gros&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Plaskow1997-297"><a href="#cite_ref-Plaskow1997_297-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlaskow,_Judith2003" class="citation book cs1">Plaskow, Judith (2003). "Jewish Feminist Thought". In Frank, Daniel H. (ed.). History of Jewish Philosophy. Leaman, Oliver. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-32469-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-32469-4"><bdi>978-0-415-32469-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jewish+Feminist+Thought&rft.btitle=History+of+Jewish+Philosophy&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-32469-4&rft.au=Plaskow%2C+Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarjorie_Ingall2005" class="citation web cs1">Marjorie Ingall (18 November 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forward.com/articles/2305/why-are-there-so-many-jewish-feminists/">"Why Are There so Many Jewish Feminists?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Forward" title="The Forward">The Forward</a>. Retrieved 31 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=Why+Are+There+so+Many+Jewish+Feminists%3F&rft.date=2005-11-18&rft.au=Marjorie+Ingall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Farticles%2F2305%2Fwhy-are-there-so-many-jewish-feminists%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeRonanTaussigCole1996" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Susan; Ronan, Marian; Taussig, Hal; Cole, Susan (1996). Wisdom's feast: Sophia in study and celebration (New ed.). Kansas City, Mo: Sheed & Ward. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55612-856-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55612-856-1"><bdi>978-1-55612-856-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wisdom%27s+feast%3A+Sophia+in+study+and+celebration&rft.place=Kansas+City%2C+Mo&rft.pages=9&rft.edition=New&rft.pub=Sheed+%26+Ward&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-1-55612-856-1&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft.au=Ronan%2C+Marian&rft.au=Taussig%2C+Hal&rft.au=Cole%2C+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaylor2004" class="citation book cs1">Gaylor, Annie Laurie (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm57357639">Woe to the women-- the Bible tells me so: the Bible, female sexuality & the law</a> (Rev. ed.). Madison, WI: Freedom From Religion Foundation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-877733-12-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-877733-12-3"><bdi>978-1-877733-12-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/57357639">57357639</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woe+to+the+women--+the+Bible+tells+me+so%3A+the+Bible%2C+female+sexuality+%26+the+law&rft.place=Madison%2C+WI&rft.edition=Rev.&rft.pub=Freedom+From+Religion+Foundation&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2Focm57357639&rft.isbn=978-1-877733-12-3&rft.aulast=Gaylor&rft.aufirst=Annie+Laurie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2Focm57357639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirsi_AliHirsi_Ali2007" class="citation book cs1">Hirsi Ali, Ayaan; Hirsi Ali, Ayaan (2007). The caged virgin: a Muslim woman's cry for reason. London: Pocket. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-2623-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-2623-0"><bdi>978-1-4165-2623-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+caged+virgin%3A+a+Muslim+woman%27s+cry+for+reason&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Pocket&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-2623-0&rft.aulast=Hirsi+Ali&rft.aufirst=Ayaan&rft.au=Hirsi+Ali%2C+Ayaan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiles2001" class="citation book cs1">Miles, Rosalind (2001). Who cooked the Last Supper? the women's history of the world (1st Three Rivers Press ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-609-80695-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-609-80695-1"><bdi>978-0-609-80695-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who+cooked+the+Last+Supper%3F+the+women%27s+history+of+the+world&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=1st+Three+Rivers+Press&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-609-80695-1&rft.aulast=Miles&rft.aufirst=Rosalind&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender. Detroit, Mich.: Macmillan Reference. 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Sex+and+Gender&rft.place=Detroit%2C+Mich.&rft.pub=Macmillan+Reference&rft.date=2007&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPateman2014" class="citation book cs1">Pateman, Carole (25 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cJM6AwAAQBAJ">The Sexual Contract</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-8035-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7456-8035-4"><bdi>978-0-7456-8035-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sexual+Contract&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2014-03-25&rft.isbn=978-0-7456-8035-4&rft.aulast=Pateman&rft.aufirst=Carole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcJM6AwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTickner,_Ann_J.2001" class="citation book cs1">Tickner, Ann J. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lSmU3aXWIAYC&pg=PA1197">"Patriarchy"</a>. Routledge Encyclopedia of International Political Economy: Entries PZ. Taylor & Francis. pp. 1197–98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-24352-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-24352-0"><bdi>978-0-415-24352-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Patriarchy&rft.btitle=Routledge+Encyclopedia+of+International+Political+Economy%3A+Entries+PZ&rft.pages=1197-98&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-415-24352-0&rft.au=Tickner%2C+Ann+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlSmU3aXWIAYC%26pg%3DPA1197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoagland1988" class="citation book cs1">Hoagland, Sarah Lucia (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ljaGAAAAIAAJ">Lesbian Ethics: Toward New Value</a>. Institute of Lesbian Studies. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-934903-03-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-934903-03-5"><bdi>978-0-934903-03-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lesbian+Ethics%3A+Toward+New+Value&rft.pub=Institute+of+Lesbian+Studies&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-934903-03-5&rft.aulast=Hoagland&rft.aufirst=Sarah+Lucia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DljaGAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedan1998" class="citation book cs1">Friedan, Betty (1998). The second stage: with a new introduction (1st Harvard University Press pbk. ed.). Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-79655-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-79655-3"><bdi>978-0-674-79655-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+second+stage%3A+with+a+new+introduction&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Mass&rft.edition=1st+Harvard+University+Press+pbk.&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-674-79655-3&rft.aulast=Friedan&rft.aufirst=Betty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullough1994" class="citation book cs1">Bullough, Vern L., ed. (1994). Human sexuality: an encyclopedia. Garland reference library of social science. New York London: Garland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-7972-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8240-7972-7"><bdi>978-0-8240-7972-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Human+sexuality%3A+an+encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York+London&rft.series=Garland+reference+library+of+social+science&rft.pub=Garland&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-8240-7972-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFEchols1989">Echols 1989</a>, p. 78 & n. 124 ("124. Interview with Cindy Cisler".) and see p. 119 </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTong1998" class="citation book cs1">Tong, Rosemarie Putnam (1998). Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction (2nd ed.). Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3295-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-3295-6"><bdi>978-0-8133-3295-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminist+Thought%3A+A+More+Comprehensive+Introduction&rft.place=Boulder%2C+Colo.&rft.pages=70&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-3295-6&rft.aulast=Tong&rft.aufirst=Rosemarie+Putnam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gardiner-311">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gardiner_311-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gardiner_311-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardiner2002" class="citation book cs1">Gardiner, Judith Kegan (2002). Masculinity Studies and Feminist Theory. Columbia University Press. pp. 96, 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12278-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-12278-8"><bdi>978-0-231-12278-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Masculinity+Studies+and+Feminist+Theory&rft.pages=96%2C+153&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-231-12278-8&rft.aulast=Gardiner&rft.aufirst=Judith+Kegan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUviller1978" class="citation journal cs1">Uviller, Rena K. (1978). "Fathers' Rights and Feminism: The Maternal Presumption Revisited". <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Journal_of_Law_%26_Gender" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Journal of Law & Gender">Harvard Women's Law Journal</a>: 107.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Women%27s+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Fathers%27+Rights+and+Feminism%3A+The+Maternal+Presumption+Revisited&rft.pages=107&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Uviller&rft.aufirst=Rena+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShanley1995" class="citation journal cs1">Shanley, Mary (January 1995). "Unwed Fathers' Rights, Adoption, And Sex Equality: Gender-Neutrality And the Perpetuation of Patriarchy". <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Law_Review" title="Columbia Law Review">Columbia Law Review</a>. 95 (1): 60–103. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1123127">10.2307/1123127</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1123127">1123127</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Columbia+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Unwed+Fathers%27+Rights%2C+Adoption%2C+And+Sex+Equality%3A+Gender-Neutrality+And+the+Perpetuation+of+Patriarchy&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=60-103&rft.date=1995-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1123127&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1123127%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Shanley&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevit1996" class="citation journal cs1">Levit, Nancy (1996). "Feminism for Men: Legal Ideology and the Construction of Maleness". <a href="/wiki/UCLA_Law_Review" title="UCLA Law Review">UCLA Law Review</a>. 43 (4). <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1297365">1297365</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UCLA+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Feminism+for+Men%3A+Legal+Ideology+and+the+Construction+of+Maleness&rft.volume=43&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1996&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1297365%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Levit&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDigby1998" class="citation book cs1">Digby, Tom, ed. (1998). Men doing feminism. Thinking gender. New York, NY: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-91625-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-91625-7"><bdi>978-0-415-91625-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men+doing+feminism&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.series=Thinking+gender&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-415-91625-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2006" class="citation book cs1">Phillips, Layli (2006). Phillips, Layli (ed.). The Womanist reader. New York: CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-95411-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-95411-2"><bdi>978-0-415-95411-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Womanist+reader&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-415-95411-2&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Layli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJardineSmith1989" class="citation book cs1">Jardine, Alice A.; Smith, Paul (1989). Men in feminism. New York London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90251-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-90251-9"><bdi>978-0-415-90251-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men+in+feminism&rft.place=New+York+London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-415-90251-9&rft.aulast=Jardine&rft.aufirst=Alice+A.&rft.au=Smith%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-318"><a href="#cite_ref-318">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZucker2004" class="citation journal cs1">Zucker, Alyssa N. (2004). "Disavowing Social Identities: What It Means When Women Say, 'I'm Not a Feminist, But ...'". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 28 (4): 423–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1471-6402.2004.00159.x">10.1111/j.1471-6402.2004.00159.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144528255">144528255</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychology+of+Women+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Disavowing+Social+Identities%3A+What+It+Means+When+Women+Say%2C+%27I%27m+Not+a+Feminist%2C+But+...%27&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=423-35&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1471-6402.2004.00159.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144528255%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Zucker&rft.aufirst=Alyssa+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnAboudMoyles2000" class="citation journal cs1">Burn, Shawn Meghan; Aboud, Roger; Moyles, Carey (2000). "The Relationship Between Gender Social Identity and Support for Feminism". Sex Roles. 42 (11/12): 1081–89. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1007044802798">10.1023/A:1007044802798</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:17743495">17743495</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sex+Roles&rft.atitle=The+Relationship+Between+Gender+Social+Identity+and+Support+for+Feminism&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=11%2F12&rft.pages=1081-89&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1007044802798&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A17743495%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Burn&rft.aufirst=Shawn+Meghan&rft.au=Aboud%2C+Roger&rft.au=Moyles%2C+Carey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenzetti1987" class="citation journal cs1">Renzetti, Claire M. (1987). "New Wave or Second Stage? Attitudes of College Women Toward Feminism". Sex Roles. 16 (5–6): 265–77. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00289954">10.1007/BF00289954</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144101128">144101128</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sex+Roles&rft.atitle=New+Wave+or+Second+Stage%3F+Attitudes+of+College+Women+Toward+Feminism&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=5%E2%80%936&rft.pages=265-77&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00289954&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144101128%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Renzetti&rft.aufirst=Claire+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindSalo2002" class="citation journal cs1">Lind, Rebecca Ann; Salo, Colleen (2002). "The Framing of Feminists and Feminism in News and Public Affairs Programs in U.S. Electronic Media". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Communication" title="Journal of Communication">Journal of Communication</a>. 52: 211–28. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1460-2466.2002.tb02540.x">10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02540.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Communication&rft.atitle=The+Framing+of+Feminists+and+Feminism+in+News+and+Public+Affairs+Programs+in+U.S.+Electronic+Media&rft.volume=52&rft.pages=211-28&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1460-2466.2002.tb02540.x&rft.aulast=Lind&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+Ann&rft.au=Salo%2C+Colleen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyWeibustMiller2007" class="citation journal cs1">Roy, Robin E.; Weibust, Kristin S.; Miller, Carol T. (2007). "Effects of Stereotypes About Feminists on Feminist Self-Identification". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 31 (2): 146–56. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1471-6402.2007.00348.x">10.1111/j.1471-6402.2007.00348.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145716135">145716135</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychology+of+Women+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Effects+of+Stereotypes+About+Feminists+on+Feminist+Self-Identification&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=146-56&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1471-6402.2007.00348.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145716135%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Robin+E.&rft.au=Weibust%2C+Kristin+S.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Carol+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoradiMartinBrewster2012" class="citation journal cs1">Moradi, B.; Martin, A.; Brewster, M. E. (2012). "Disarming the threat to feminist identification: An application of personal construct theory to measurement and intervention". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 36 (2): 197–209. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0361684312440959">10.1177/0361684312440959</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145166218">145166218</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychology+of+Women+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Disarming+the+threat+to+feminist+identification%3A+An+application+of+personal+construct+theory+to+measurement+and+intervention&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=197-209&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0361684312440959&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145166218%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Moradi&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Martin%2C+A.&rft.au=Brewster%2C+M.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lingard-324"><a href="#cite_ref-Lingard_324-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLingardDouglas1999" class="citation book cs1">Lingard, Bob; Douglas, Peter (1999). Men Engaging Feminisms: Pro-Feminism, Backlashes and Schooling. Buckingham, England: Open University Press. p. 192. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-335-19818-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-335-19818-4"><bdi>978-0-335-19818-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Men+Engaging+Feminisms%3A+Pro-Feminism%2C+Backlashes+and+Schooling&rft.place=Buckingham%2C+England&rft.pages=192&rft.pub=Open+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-335-19818-4&rft.aulast=Lingard&rft.aufirst=Bob&rft.au=Douglas%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kimmel-Tide-325"><a href="#cite_ref-Kimmel-Tide_325-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimmelMosmiller1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kimmel" title="Michael Kimmel">Kimmel, Michael S.</a>; Mosmiller, Thomas E. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/againsttide00rces">Against the Tide: Pro-Feminist Men in the United States, 1776–1990: A Documentary History</a>. Boston: Beacon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-6767-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8070-6767-3"><bdi>978-0-8070-6767-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Against+the+Tide%3A+Pro-Feminist+Men+in+the+United+States%2C+1776%E2%80%931990%3A+A+Documentary+History&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Beacon+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-8070-6767-3&rft.aulast=Kimmel&rft.aufirst=Michael+S.&rft.au=Mosmiller%2C+Thomas+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fagainsttide00rces&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimpsonWeiner1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Simpson_(lexicographer)" title="John Simpson (lexicographer)">Simpson, John A.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Weiner" title="Edmund Weiner">Weiner, Edmund S.C.</a> (1989). "Anti-feminist". In <a href="/wiki/John_Simpson_(lexicographer)" title="John Simpson (lexicographer)">Simpson, John A.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Weiner" title="Edmund Weiner">Weiner, Edmund S. C.</a> (eds.). The Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.). Oxford New York: Clarendon Press Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861186-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-861186-8"><bdi>978-0-19-861186-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Anti-feminist&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford+New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-19-861186-8&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=John+A.&rft.au=Weiner%2C+Edmund+S.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimmel2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Kimmel" title="Michael Kimmel">Kimmel, Michael</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jWj5OBvTh1IC&pg=PA35">"Antifeminism"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Michael_Kimmel" title="Michael Kimmel">Kimmel, Michael</a>; <a href="/wiki/Amy_Aronson" title="Amy Aronson">Aronson, Amy</a> (eds.). Men and Masculinities a Social, Cultural, and Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. pp. 35–37. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-774-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-774-0"><bdi>978-1-57607-774-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Antifeminism&rft.btitle=Men+and+Masculinities+a+Social%2C+Cultural%2C+and+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pages=35-37&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-774-0&rft.aulast=Kimmel&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjWj5OBvTh1IC%26pg%3DPA35&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLukas2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Lukas" title="Carrie Lukas">Lukas, Carrie</a> (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicallyincor0000luka/page/75">"Marriage: happier ever after"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Carrie_Lukas" title="Carrie Lukas">Lukas, Carrie</a> (ed.). The politically incorrect guide to women, sex, and feminism. Washington, DC Lanham, Maryland: Regency Publishing. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/politicallyincor0000luka/page/75">75</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59698-003-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59698-003-7"><bdi>978-1-59698-003-7</bdi></a>. <q>Feminists' assault on marriage also has played a role in devaluing marriage. Radical feminists view marriage as a cruel trap for women, perpetuating patriarchy, and keeping women subservient to men. They lament the roles that women and men tend to assume in traditional marriages, believing that women get the worse deal from the marriage contract.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Marriage%3A+happier+ever+after&rft.btitle=The+politically+incorrect+guide+to+women%2C+sex%2C+and+feminism&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC+Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Regency+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-59698-003-7&rft.aulast=Lukas&rft.aufirst=Carrie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpoliticallyincor0000luka%2Fpage%2F75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKassian2005" class="citation book cs1">Kassian, Mary (2005). "Introduction: the tsunami of feminism". In Kassian, Mary (ed.). The feminist <del>mystique</del> mistake: the radical impact of feminism on church and culture (2nd ed.). Wheaton, Illinois: <a href="/wiki/Good_News_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Good News Publishers">Crossway Books</a>. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58134-570-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58134-570-4"><bdi>978-1-58134-570-4</bdi></a>. <q>The feminist assault on traditional gender roles and families began in earnest in the 1960s and increasingly turned radical in the 1970s.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction%3A+the+tsunami+of+feminism&rft.btitle=The+feminist+%3Cdel%3Emystique%3C%2Fdel%3E+mistake%3A+the+radical+impact+of+feminism+on+church+and+culture&rft.place=Wheaton%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=10&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Crossway+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-58134-570-4&rft.aulast=Kassian&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlafly1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly, Phyllis</a> (1977). "Understanding the difference". In <a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly, Phyllis</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/powerofpositivew00schl">The Power of the Positive Woman</a>. New Rochelle, New York: Arlington House. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/powerofpositivew00schl/page/12">12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87000-373-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87000-373-8"><bdi>978-0-87000-373-8</bdi></a>. <q>The second dogma of the women's liberationists is that, of all the injustices perpetuated upon women through the centuries, the most oppressive is the cruel fact that women have babies and men do not. Within the confines of the women's liberationist ideology, therefore, the abolition of this overriding inequality of women becomes the primary goal. This goal must be achieved at any at all costs – to the woman herself, to the baby, to the family, and to society. Women must be made equal to men in their ability not to become pregnant and not to be expected to care for babies they may bring into the world.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Understanding+the+difference&rft.btitle=The+Power+of+the+Positive+Woman&rft.place=New+Rochelle%2C+New+York&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Arlington+House&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-87000-373-8&rft.aulast=Schlafly&rft.aufirst=Phyllis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpowerofpositivew00schl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottfried2001" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Gottfried, Paul</a> (21 April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lewrockwell.com/2001/04/paul-gottfried/the-trouble-with-feminism/">"The Trouble with Feminism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/LewRockwell.com" class="mw-redirect" title="LewRockwell.com">LewRockwell.com</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Lew Rockwell</a>. Retrieved 30 September 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LewRockwell.com&rft.atitle=The+Trouble+with+Feminism&rft.date=2001-04-21&rft.aulast=Gottfried&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lewrockwell.com%2F2001%2F04%2Fpaul-gottfried%2Fthe-trouble-with-feminism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFal-Qaradawi2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi" title="Yusuf al-Qaradawi">al-Qaradawi, Yusuf</a> (2008). "Women and family in Islamist discourses: 'When Islam prohibits something, it closes all the avenues of approach to it'". In <a href="/wiki/John_Calvert_(scholar)" title="John Calvert (scholar)">Calvert, John</a> (ed.). Islamism: a documentary and reference guide. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33856-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-33856-4"><bdi>978-0-313-33856-4</bdi></a>. <q>Islamists are aggrieved at the support of ostensibly Muslim governments for the 'alleged' legal emancipation of women, including granting women the right to vote and hold public office, in addition to limited rights to initiate divorce. Although many Muslim women take pride in the fact that they now perform jobs and enter professions once reserved for men, for most Islamists female employment and legal emancipation are dangerous trends that lead to the dissolution of traditional gender roles associated with the extended family.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Women+and+family+in+Islamist+discourses%3A+%27When+Islam+prohibits+something%2C+it+closes+all+the+avenues+of+approach+to+it%27&rft.btitle=Islamism%3A+a+documentary+and+reference+guide&rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-33856-4&rft.aulast=al-Qaradawi&rft.aufirst=Yusuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Patai_Koertge-333"><a href="#cite_ref-Patai_Koertge_333-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatai2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daphne_Patai" title="Daphne Patai">Patai, Daphne</a> (2003). "Policing the academy: 'Anti-feminist intellectual harassment'". In <a href="/wiki/Daphne_Patai" title="Daphne Patai">Patai, Daphne</a>; Koertge, Noretta (eds.). Professing feminism: education and indoctrination in women's studies. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. pp. 278–79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-0455-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-0455-2"><bdi>978-0-7391-0455-2</bdi></a>. <q>the book [Antifeminism in the Academy by Clark, Vévé et al.] attempts to extend an already dubious concept – hostile environment harassment – to encompass a whole new range of thought and behavior. Delineating the many types of alleged anti-feminist practices perpetrated in colleges, universities, and publishing houses around the country, contributors to this book propose in all seriousness that measures be taken against a new and pervasive kind of offense: 'antifeminst intellectual harassment.'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Policing+the+academy%3A+%27Anti-feminist+intellectual+harassment%27&rft.btitle=Professing+feminism%3A+education+and+indoctrination+in+women%27s+studies&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=278-79&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-0455-2&rft.aulast=Patai&rft.aufirst=Daphne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanowitz_Sagaria1999" class="citation journal cs1">Danowitz Sagaria, Mary Ann (January 1999). "Review: Reviewed Work: Antifeminism in the Academy by Vévé Clark, Shirley Nelson Garner, Margaret Higonnet, Ketu H. Katrak". <a href="/wiki/The_Journal_of_Higher_Education" title="The Journal of Higher Education">The Journal of Higher Education</a>. 70 (1): 110–12. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2649121">10.2307/2649121</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2649121">2649121</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Higher+Education&rft.atitle=Review%3A+Reviewed+Work%3A+Antifeminism+in+the+Academy+by+V%C3%A9v%C3%A9+Clark%2C+Shirley+Nelson+Garner%2C+Margaret+Higonnet%2C+Ketu+H.+Katrak&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=110-12&rft.date=1999-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2649121&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2649121%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Danowitz+Sagaria&rft.aufirst=Mary+Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-misandrymyth-335"><a href="#cite_ref-misandrymyth_335-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins-DoylePettersonLeachZibell2023" class="citation journal cs1">Hopkins-Doyle, A.; Petterson, A. L.; Leach, S.; Zibell, H.; Chobthamkit, P.; et al. (7 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F03616843231202708">"The Misandry Myth: An Inaccurate Stereotype About Feminists' Attitudes Toward Men"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Psychology_of_Women_Quarterly" title="Psychology of Women Quarterly">Psychology of Women Quarterly</a>. 48 (1): 8–37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F03616843231202708">10.1177/03616843231202708</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychology+of+Women+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Misandry+Myth%3A+An+Inaccurate+Stereotype+About+Feminists%27+Attitudes+Toward+Men&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=8-37&rft.date=2023-11-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F03616843231202708&rft.aulast=Hopkins-Doyle&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Petterson%2C+A.+L.&rft.au=Leach%2C+S.&rft.au=Zibell%2C+H.&rft.au=Chobthamkit%2C+P.&rft.au=Binti+Abdul+Rahim%2C+S.&rft.au=Blake%2C+J.&rft.au=Bosco%2C+C.&rft.au=Cherrie-Rees%2C+K.&rft.au=Beadle%2C+A.&rft.au=Cock%2C+V.&rft.au=Greer%2C+H.&rft.au=Jankowska%2C+A.&rft.au=Macdonald%2C+K.&rft.au=Scott+English%2C+A.&rft.au=Wai+Lan+YEUNG%2C+V.&rft.au=Asano%2C+R.&rft.au=Beattie%2C+P.&rft.au=Bernardo%2C+A.+B.+I.&rft.au=Sutton%2C+R.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F03616843231202708&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-336"><a href="#cite_ref-336">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoranWest1998" class="citation journal cs1">Doran, Tatiana; West, Robin (June 1998). "Feminism or Humanism?". <a href="/wiki/Yale_Law_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yale Law Journal">Yale Law Journal</a>. 107 (8): 2661. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F797353">10.2307/797353</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/797353">797353</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Feminism+or+Humanism%3F&rft.volume=107&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=2661&rft.date=1998-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F797353&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F797353%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Doran&rft.aufirst=Tatiana&rft.au=West%2C+Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-337"><a href="#cite_ref-337">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Sullivan2015" class="citation web cs1">O'Sullivan, Cordelia Tucker (7 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanistlife.org.uk/2015/03/07/why-humanism-and-feminism-go-hand-in-hand/">"Why Humanism and Feminism Go Hand in Hand"</a>. HumanistLife. Retrieved 9 January 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HumanistLife&rft.atitle=Why+Humanism+and+Feminism+Go+Hand+in+Hand&rft.date=2015-03-07&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Cordelia+Tucker&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumanistlife.org.uk%2F2015%2F03%2F07%2Fwhy-humanism-and-feminism-go-hand-in-hand%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ross-2009-338"><a href="#cite_ref-Ross-2009_338-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2009" class="citation book cs1">Ross, Sarah Gwyneth (2009). The Birth of Feminism: Woman As Intellect in Renaissance Italy and England. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03454-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-03454-9"><bdi>978-0-674-03454-9</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/517501929">517501929</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Birth+of+Feminism%3A+Woman+As+Intellect+in+Renaissance+Italy+and+England&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F517501929&rft.isbn=978-0-674-03454-9&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Sarah+Gwyneth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLengermannNiebrugge2010" class="citation book cs1">Lengermann, Patricia; Niebrugge, Gillian (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dz4wU64f_JYC&q=feminism+%22principle+that+women+are+human+beings+equal+to+men%22">"Feminism"</a>. In Ritzer, G.; Ryan, J.M. (eds.). The Concise Encyclopedia of Sociology. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-40-518353-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-40-518353-6"><bdi>978-1-40-518353-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feminism&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Encyclopedia+of+Sociology&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-40-518353-6&rft.aulast=Lengermann&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft.au=Niebrugge%2C+Gillian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDz4wU64f_JYC%26q%3Dfeminism%2B%2522principle%2Bthat%2Bwomen%2Bare%2Bhuman%2Bbeings%2Bequal%2Bto%2Bmen%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Feminism <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Feminism">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=Feminism&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssiter1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alison_Assiter" title="Alison Assiter">Assiter, Alison</a> (1989). Pornography, Feminism, and the Individual. London Winchester, Mass: Pluto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-0319-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-0319-2"><bdi>978-0-7453-0319-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pornography%2C+Feminism%2C+and+the+Individual&rft.place=London+Winchester%2C+Mass&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=978-0-7453-0319-2&rft.aulast=Assiter&rft.aufirst=Alison&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuBois1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ellen_DuBois" title="Ellen DuBois">DuBois, Ellen Carol</a> (1997). Harriot Stanton Blatch and the Winning of Woman Suffrage. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-06562-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-06562-6"><bdi>978-0-300-06562-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harriot+Stanton+Blatch+and+the+Winning+of+Woman+Suffrage&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+Conn.&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-300-06562-6&rft.aulast=DuBois&rft.aufirst=Ellen+Carol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlexner1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Flexner" title="Eleanor Flexner">Flexner, Eleanor</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/century_fle_1996_00_7206">Century of Struggle: The Woman's Rights Movement in the United States</a>. The Belknap Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-10653-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-10653-6"><bdi>978-0-674-10653-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Century+of+Struggle%3A+The+Woman%27s+Rights+Movement+in+the+United+States&rft.pub=The+Belknap+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-674-10653-6&rft.aulast=Flexner&rft.aufirst=Eleanor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcentury_fle_1996_00_7206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedan1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Friedan, Betty</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheFeminineMystique">The Feminine Mystique</a>. New York: Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04049-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-04049-4"><bdi>978-0-393-04049-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feminine+Mystique&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Norton&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-393-04049-4&rft.aulast=Friedan&rft.aufirst=Betty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheFeminineMystique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodman2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Truth_Goodman" title="Robin Truth Goodman">Goodman, Robin Truth</a> (2010). Feminist Theory in Pursuit of the Public: Women and the 'Re-Privatization' of Labor. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminist+Theory+in+Pursuit+of+the+Public%3A+Women+and+the+%27Re-Privatization%27+of+Labor&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Robin+Truth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHemmings2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hemmings, Clare (September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/65633/">"Is Gender Studies Singular? Stories of Queer/Feminist Difference and Displacement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Differences_(journal)" title="Differences (journal)">differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies</a>. 27 (2): 79–102. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F10407391-3621721">10.1215/10407391-3621721</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=differences%3A+A+Journal+of+Feminist+Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=Is+Gender+Studies+Singular%3F+Stories+of+Queer%2FFeminist+Difference+and+Displacement&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=79-102&rft.date=2016-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F10407391-3621721&rft.aulast=Hemmings&rft.aufirst=Clare&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.lse.ac.uk%2F65633%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHewlett1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Ann_Hewlett" title="Sylvia Ann Hewlett">Hewlett, Sylvia Ann</a> (1986). A Lesser Life: The Myth of Women's Liberation in America (First ed.). New York: W. Morrow and Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-688-04855-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-688-04855-2"><bdi>0-688-04855-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Lesser+Life%3A+The+Myth+of+Women%27s+Liberation+in+America&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=W.+Morrow+and+Co.&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-688-04855-2&rft.aulast=Hewlett&rft.aufirst=Sylvia+Ann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoltCameron2010" class="citation book cs1">Holt, Douglas; Cameron, Douglas (2010). Cultural Strategy: Using Innovative Ideologies to Build Breakthrough Brands. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-958740-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-958740-7"><bdi>978-0-19-958740-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Strategy%3A+Using+Innovative+Ideologies+to+Build+Breakthrough+Brands&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19-958740-7&rft.aulast=Holt&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft.au=Cameron%2C+Douglas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufmanBlakely1994" class="citation book cs1">Kaufman, Gloria; Blakely, Mary Kay, eds. (1994). Pulling Our Own Strings: Feminist Humor and Satire. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253202512" title="Special:BookSources/9780253202512"><bdi>9780253202512</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pulling+Our+Own+Strings%3A+Feminist+Humor+and+Satire&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780253202512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyndon1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Lyndon" title="Neil Lyndon">Lyndon, Neil</a> (1993). No More Sex Wars: The Failures of Feminism. London: Mandarin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7493-1565-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7493-1565-2"><bdi>0-7493-1565-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=No+More+Sex+Wars%3A+The+Failures+of+Feminism&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Mandarin&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-7493-1565-2&rft.aulast=Lyndon&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathur1998" class="citation journal cs1">Mathur, Piyush (1998). "The archigenderic territories: Mansfield park and a handful of dust". Women's Writing. 5 (1): 71–81. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09699089800200034">10.1080/09699089800200034</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women%27s+Writing&rft.atitle=The+archigenderic+territories%3A+Mansfield+park+and+a+handful+of+dust&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=71-81&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09699089800200034&rft.aulast=Mathur&rft.aufirst=Piyush&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcElroy2008" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">McElroy, Wendy</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC">"Feminism and Women's Rights"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Hamowy" title="Ronald Hamowy">Hamowy, Ronald</a> (ed.). The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: <a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">SAGE</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a>. pp. 173–76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781412965811.n106">10.4135/9781412965811.n106</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-6580-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4129-6580-4"><bdi>978-1-4129-6580-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2008009151">2008009151</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/750831024">750831024</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feminism+and+Women%27s+Rights&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Libertarianism&rft.place=Thousand+Oaks%2C+CA&rft.pages=173-76&rft.pub=SAGE%3B+Cato+Institute&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F750831024&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2008009151&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781412965811.n106&rft.isbn=978-1-4129-6580-4&rft.aulast=McElroy&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyxNgXs3TkJYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Mitchell, Brian (1998). Women in the Military: Flirting with Disaster. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing. xvii, 390 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89526-376-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-89526-376-9">0-89526-376-9</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrleck2015" class="citation book cs1">Orleck, Annelise (2015). Rethinking American Women's Activism. New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-06991-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-06991-2"><bdi>978-0-203-06991-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rethinking+American+Women%27s+Activism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-203-06991-2&rft.aulast=Orleck&rft.aufirst=Annelise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollock2016" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Griselda_Pollock" title="Griselda Pollock">Pollock, Griselda</a> (September 2016). "Is feminism a trauma, a bad memory, or a virtual future?". <a href="/wiki/Differences_(journal)" title="Differences (journal)">differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies</a>. 27 (2): 27–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F10407391-3621697">10.1215/10407391-3621697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=differences%3A+A+Journal+of+Feminist+Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=Is+feminism+a+trauma%2C+a+bad+memory%2C+or+a+virtual+future%3F&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=27-61&rft.date=2016-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F10407391-3621697&rft.aulast=Pollock&rft.aufirst=Griselda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPulkkinen2016" class="citation journal cs1">Pulkkinen, Tuija (September 2016). "Feelings of Injustice: The Institutionalization of Gender Studies and the Pluralization of Feminism". Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies. 27 (2): 103–124. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F10407391-3621733">10.1215/10407391-3621733</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10138%2F174278">10138/174278</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Differences%3A+A+Journal+of+Feminist+Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=Feelings+of+Injustice%3A+The+Institutionalization+of+Gender+Studies+and+the+Pluralization+of+Feminism&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=103-124&rft.date=2016-09&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10138%2F174278&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F10407391-3621733&rft.aulast=Pulkkinen&rft.aufirst=Tuija&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Radcliffe_Richards" title="Janet Radcliffe Richards">Richards, Janet Radcliffe</a> (2013). The Sceptical Feminist: A Philosophical Enquiry. London: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-63706-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-63706-0"><bdi>978-0-415-63706-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sceptical+Feminist%3A+A+Philosophical+Enquiry&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-63706-0&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Janet+Radcliffe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchroderSchuler2004" class="citation journal cs1">Schroder, Iris; Schuler, Anja (Spring 2004). "'In Labor Alone is Happiness': Women's Work, Social Work, and Feminist Reform Endeavors in Wilhelmine Germany – A Transatlantic Perspective". <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Women%27s_History" title="Journal of Women's History">Journal of Women's History</a>. 16 (1): 127–147. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjowh.2004.0036">10.1353/jowh.2004.0036</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144519514">144519514</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Women%27s+History&rft.atitle=%27In+Labor+Alone+is+Happiness%27%3A+Women%27s+Work%2C+Social+Work%2C+and+Feminist+Reform+Endeavors+in+Wilhelmine+Germany+%E2%80%93+A+Transatlantic+Perspective&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=127-147&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjowh.2004.0036&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144519514%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Schroder&rft.aufirst=Iris&rft.au=Schuler%2C+Anja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchroderSchuler2016" class="citation journal cs1">Schroder, Iris; Schuler, Anja (September 2016). "Is feminism a trauma, a bad memory, or a virtual future?". Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies. 27 (2): 27–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F10407391-3621697">10.1215/10407391-3621697</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Differences%3A+A+Journal+of+Feminist+Cultural+Studies&rft.atitle=Is+feminism+a+trauma%2C+a+bad+memory%2C+or+a+virtual+future%3F&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=27-61&rft.date=2016-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F10407391-3621697&rft.aulast=Schroder&rft.aufirst=Iris&rft.au=Schuler%2C+Anja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScott2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Linda_M._Scott" title="Linda M. Scott">Scott, Linda</a> (2020). The Double X Economy: The Epic Potential of Empowering Women. Faber and Faber. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-35360-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-35360-6"><bdi>978-0-571-35360-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Double+X+Economy%3A+The+Epic+Potential+of+Empowering+Women&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-571-35360-6&rft.aulast=Scott&rft.aufirst=Linda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStansell2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christine_Stansell" title="Christine Stansell">Stansell, Christine</a> (2010). The Feminist Promise: 1792 to the Present. Modern Library. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-64314-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-679-64314-2"><bdi>978-0-679-64314-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feminist+Promise%3A+1792+to+the+Present&rft.pub=Modern+Library&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-679-64314-2&rft.aulast=Stansell&rft.aufirst=Christine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteichen1991" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Donna_Steichen" title="Donna Steichen">Steichen, Donna</a> (1991). Ungodly Rage: The Hidden Face of Catholic Feminism. San Francisco, Calif.: Ignatius Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-89870-348-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-89870-348-4"><bdi>0-89870-348-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ungodly+Rage%3A+The+Hidden+Face+of+Catholic+Feminism&rft.place=San+Francisco%2C+Calif.&rft.pub=Ignatius+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-89870-348-4&rft.aulast=Steichen&rft.aufirst=Donna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevens1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Doris_Stevens" title="Doris Stevens">Stevens, Doris</a> (1995). O'Hare, Carol (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jailedforfreedom00stev">Jailed for Freedom: American Women Win the Vote</a>. Troutdale, OR: NewSage Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-939165-25-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-939165-25-4"><bdi>978-0-939165-25-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jailed+for+Freedom%3A+American+Women+Win+the+Vote&rft.place=Troutdale%2C+OR&rft.pub=NewSage+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-939165-25-4&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Doris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjailedforfreedom00stev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTong2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rosemarie_Tong" title="Rosemarie Tong">Tong, Rosemarie</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nrc_BAAAQBAJ">Feminist Thought: A More Comprehensive Introduction</a>. Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-4841-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-4841-4"><bdi>978-0-8133-4841-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Feminist+Thought%3A+A+More+Comprehensive+Introduction&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-4841-4&rft.aulast=Tong&rft.aufirst=Rosemarie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNrc_BAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWheeler1995" class="citation book cs1">Wheeler, Marjorie W. (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/onewomanonevoter00spru">One Woman, One Vote: Rediscovering the Woman Suffrage Movement</a>. Troutdale, OR: NewSage Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-939165-26-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-939165-26-1"><bdi>978-0-939165-26-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=One+Woman%2C+One+Vote%3A+Rediscovering+the+Woman+Suffrage+Movement&rft.place=Troutdale%2C+OR&rft.pub=NewSage+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-939165-26-1&rft.aulast=Wheeler&rft.aufirst=Marjorie+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fonewomanonevoter00spru&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaurence2011" class="citation journal cs1">Laurence (November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfacejournal.net/2011/12/interface-volume-3-issue-2-feminism-womens-movements-and-women-in-movement/">"Issue: Feminism, women's movements and women in movement"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interface:_A_Journal_for_and_About_Social_Movements" title="Interface: A Journal for and About Social Movements">Interface: A Journal for and About Social Movements</a>. 3 (2). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2009-2431">2009-2431</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Interface%3A+A+Journal+for+and+About+Social+Movements&rft.atitle=Issue%3A+Feminism%2C+women%27s+movements+and+women+in+movement&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2011-11&rft.issn=2009-2431&rft.au=Laurence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfacejournal.net%2F2011%2F12%2Finterface-volume-3-issue-2-feminism-womens-movements-and-women-in-movement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"> Posted 13 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfacejournal.net/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Interface-3-2-Full-PDF.pdf">Pdf.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feminist.com/resources/links/">Feminist.com</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feministvoices.com/">Psychology's Feminist Voices</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/feminism-topics/">"Topics in Feminism"</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Feminism at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/feminism" class="extiw" title="wikt:feminism">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism" class="extiw" title="c:Feminism">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Feminism" class="extiw" title="q:Feminism">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Women%27s_Studies" class="extiw" title="v:Women's Studies">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li></ul></div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Feminism">"Feminism" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's New Encyclopedia</a>. 1921.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feminism&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+New+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Feminism">"Feminism" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Feminism&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Active_research">Active research</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Parts of this article (those related to subsection) need to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2018)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://personality-testing.info/tests/FPS.php">Feminist Perspectives Scale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160828032933/http://personality-testing.info/tests/FPS.php">Archived</a> 28 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>: An academic survey to determine acceptance or rejection of feminist ideas from: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenleyMengO'BrienMcCarthy1998" class="citation journal cs1">Henley, Nancy M.; Meng, Karen; O'Brien, Delores; McCarthy, William J.; Sockloskie, Robert J. (September 1998). "Developing a scale to measure the diversity of feminist attitudes". Psychology of Women Quarterly. 22 (3): 317–348. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1471-6402.1998.tb00158.x">10.1111/j.1471-6402.1998.tb00158.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145172685">145172685</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Psychology+of+Women+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Developing+a+scale+to+measure+the+diversity+of+feminist+attitudes&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=317-348&rft.date=1998-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1471-6402.1998.tb00158.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145172685%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Henley&rft.aufirst=Nancy+M.&rft.au=Meng%2C+Karen&rft.au=O%27Brien%2C+Delores&rft.au=McCarthy%2C+William+J.&rft.au=Sockloskie%2C+Robert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFeminism" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multimedia_and_documents">Multimedia and documents</h3></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00545b0">Feminism</a> on <a href="/wiki/In_Our_Time_(radio_series)" title="In Our Time (radio series)">In Our Time</a> at the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=78523">Early Video on the Emancipation of Women</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111125151820/http://www.britishpathe.com/record.php?id=78523">Archived</a> 25 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, documentary filmed <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1930, which includes footage from the 1890s</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/wlmpc">Documents from the Women's Liberation Movement</a>, Special Collections Library, Duke University</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heritagecalling.com/2018/03/08/a-history-of-feminism-through-5-finds/">History of feminism</a> at Heritage Calling, <a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Feminism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Feminism" title="Template:Feminism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Feminism" title="Template talk:Feminism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Feminism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Feminism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Feminism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Feminism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_feminism" title="History of feminism">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_feminism" title="Timeline of feminism">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First-wave_feminism" title="First-wave feminism">First-wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Second-wave</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_second-wave_feminism" title="Timeline of second-wave feminism">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-wave_feminism" title="Third-wave feminism">Third-wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth-wave_feminism" title="Fourth-wave feminism">Fourth-wave</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycling_and_feminism" title="Bicycling and feminism">Bicycling and feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_history" title="Feminist history">Feminist history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_history" title="Women's history">Women's history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_legal_rights_(other_than_voting)" title="Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)">Timeline of women's legal rights (other than voting)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage" title="Timeline of women's suffrage">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Australia" title="Women's suffrage in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Canada" title="Women's suffrage in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Japan" title="Women's suffrage in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Kuwait" title="Women's suffrage in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_first_women%27s_suffrage_in_majority-Muslim_countries" title="Timeline of first women's suffrage in majority-Muslim countries">Majority-Muslim countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_New_Zealand" title="Women's suffrage in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Switzerland" title="Women's suffrage in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Wales" title="Women's suffrage in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Timeline of women's suffrage in the United States">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">African-American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_states_of_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in states of the United States">States of</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Utah" title="Women's suffrage in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Virginia" title="Women's suffrage in Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_Wyoming" title="Women's suffrage in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_movements_and_ideologies" title="Feminist movements and ideologies">Movements and ideologies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Analytical_feminism" title="Analytical feminism">Analytical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcha-feminism" title="Anarcha-feminism">Anarchist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-abortion_feminism" title="Anti-abortion feminism">Anti-abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantifa" title="Fantifa">Anti-fascist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atheist_feminism" title="Atheist feminism">Atheist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carceral_feminism" title="Carceral feminism">Carceral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice_feminism" title="Choice feminism">Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_variants_of_feminism" title="Conservative variants of feminism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_feminism" title="Cultural feminism">Cultural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberfeminism" title="Cyberfeminism">Cyber</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_HCI" title="Feminist HCI">HCI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Difference_feminism" title="Difference feminism">Difference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Eco</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_ecofeminism" title="Vegetarian ecofeminism">Vegetarian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_feminism" title="Equality feminism">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenic_feminism" title="Eugenic feminism">Eugenic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_feminism" title="Fat feminism">Fat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-critical_feminism" title="Gender-critical feminism">Gender-critical or trans-exclusionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_feminism" title="Global feminism">Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_feminism" title="Hip hop feminism">Hip hop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip_hop" title="Feminist activism in hip hop">Activism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Individualist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_feminism" title="Labor feminism">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbian_feminism" title="Lesbian feminism">Lesbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_feminism" title="Liberal feminism">Liberal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Equity_feminism" title="Equity feminism">Equity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_feminism" title="Lipstick feminism">Lipstick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Materialist_feminism" title="Materialist feminism">Materialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maternal_feminism" title="Maternal feminism">Maternal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofeminism" title="Neofeminism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_feminism" title="New feminism">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postfeminism" title="Postfeminism">Post-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postcolonial_feminism" title="Postcolonial feminism">Postcolonial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmodern_feminism" title="Postmodern feminism">Postmodern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-structural_feminism" title="Post-structural feminism">Post-structural</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_post-structuralist_feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="French post-structuralist feminism">French</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_feminism" title="Radical feminism">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_feminism" title="Reactionary feminism">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_separatism" title="Feminist separatism">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-positive_feminism" title="Sex-positive feminism">Sex-positive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_feminism" title="Social feminism">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_feminism" title="Socialist feminism">Socialist</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marxist_feminism" title="Marxist feminism">Marxist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standpoint_feminism" title="Standpoint feminism">Standpoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_feminism" title="State feminism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfeminism" title="Transfeminism">Trans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnational_feminism" title="Transnational feminism">Transnational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victim_feminism" title="Victim feminism">Victim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanism" title="Womanism">Womanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africana_womanism" title="Africana womanism">Africana</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_liberation_movement" title="Women's liberation movement">Women's liberation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atheist_feminism" title="Atheist feminism">Atheist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_feminism" title="Buddhist feminism">Buddhist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_feminism" title="Christian feminism">Christian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mormon_feminism" title="Mormon feminism">Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_feminism" title="New feminism">New</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_feminist_theology" title="Asian feminist theology">Asian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddess_movement" title="Goddess movement">Neopagan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dianic_Wicca" title="Dianic Wicca">Dianic Wicca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reclaiming_(Neopaganism)" title="Reclaiming (Neopaganism)">Reclaiming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism#Spiritual_Ecofeminism/Cultural_Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India#Hindu_community" title="Feminism in India">Hindu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_feminism" title="Islamic feminism">Islamic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jewish_feminism" title="Orthodox Jewish feminism">Orthodox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_feminism" title="Sikh feminism">Sikh</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic and racial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_feminism" title="Black feminism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicana_feminism" title="Chicana feminism">Chicana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_feminism" title="Indigenous feminism">Indigenous</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jineology" title="Jineology">Kurdish (Jineology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_feminism" title="Native American feminism">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1mi_feminism" title="Sámi feminism">Sámi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Jewish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_feminism" title="Mizrahi feminism">Mizrahi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_feminism" title="Romani feminism">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_feminism" title="White feminism">White</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antinaturalism_(politics)" title="Antinaturalism (politics)">Antinaturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choice_feminism" title="Choice feminism">Choice feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cognitive_labor" title="Cognitive labor">Cognitive labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_literature" title="Feminist literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_children%27s_literature" title="Feminist children's literature">Children's literature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity (politics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_effects_on_society" title="Feminist effects on society">Effects on society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_equality" title="Feminism and equality">Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_education" title="Female education">Female education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Female_genital_mutilation" title="Female genital mutilation">Female genital mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femicide" title="Femicide">Femicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Femonationalism" title="Femonationalism">Femonationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_culture" title="Feminism in culture">Feminism in culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_movement" title="Feminist movement">Feminist movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African-American_women%27s_suffrage_movement" title="African-American women's suffrage movement">African-American women's suffrage movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_movement" title="Feminist art movement">Art movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_activism_in_hip_hop" title="Feminist activism in hip hop">In hip hop</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_striptease" title="Feminist views on striptease">Feminist stripper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal_opportunity" title="Equal opportunity">Formal equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">Gender equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_quota" title="Gender quota">Gender quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_power" title="Girl power">Girl power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_killing" title="Honor killing">Honor killing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideal_womanhood" title="Ideal womanhood">Ideal womanhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisible_labor" title="Invisible labor">Invisible labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_sexism" title="Internalized sexism">Internalized sexism</a></li> <li>International <a href="/wiki/International_Day_of_the_Girl_Child" title="International Day of the Girl Child">Girl's Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Day" title="International Women's Day">Women's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_language_reform" title="Feminist language reform">Language reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_capitalism" title="Feminist capitalism">Feminist capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likeability_trap" title="Likeability trap">Likeability trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">Male privilege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchal_religion" title="Matriarchal religion">Matriarchal religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_media" title="Feminism and media">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_feminism" title="Men in feminism">Men in feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Trans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_the_Oedipus_complex" title="Feminist views on the Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Opposition to feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro-feminism" title="Pro-feminism">Pro-feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protofeminism" title="Protofeminism">Protofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purplewashing" title="Purplewashing">Purplewashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_racism" title="Feminism and racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reproductive_justice" title="Reproductive justice">Reproductive justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_workers%27_rights" title="Sex workers' rights">Sex workers' rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_objectification" title="Sexual objectification">Sexual objectification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substantive_equality" title="Substantive equality">Substantive equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxic_masculinity" title="Toxic masculinity">Toxic masculinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_oppression" title="Triple oppression">Triple oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_women" title="War on women">War on women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_empowerment" title="Women's empowerment">Women's empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women-only_space" title="Women-only space">Women-only space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_health" title="Women's health">Women's health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights" title="Women's rights">Women's rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_workforce" title="Women in the workforce">Women in the workforce</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory" title="Feminist theory">Theory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">Gender studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_mainstreaming" title="Gender mainstreaming">Gender mainstreaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gynocentrism" title="Gynocentrism">Gynocentrism</a></li> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchy_in_feminist_thought" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchy in feminist thought">Matriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_studies" title="Women's studies">Women's studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men%27s_studies" title="Men's studies">Men's studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyriarchy" title="Kyriarchy">Kyriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Patriarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89criture_f%C3%A9minine" title="Écriture féminine">Écriture féminine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_economics" title="Feminist economics">Economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_post-structuralist_discourse_analysis" title="Feminist post-structuralist discourse analysis">Post-structuralist discourse analysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_method" title="Feminist method">Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_views_on_the_Oedipus_complex" title="Feminist views on the Oedipus complex">Oedipus complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_theory" title="Feminist political theory">Political theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theology" title="Feminist theology">Theology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thealogy" title="Thealogy">Thealogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Womanist_theology" title="Womanist theology">Womanist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sexology" title="Feminist sexology">Sexology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_sociology" title="Feminist sociology">Sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_rhetoric" title="Feminist rhetoric">Rhetoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_legal_theory" title="Feminist legal theory">Legal theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art" title="Feminist art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_art_criticism" title="Feminist art criticism">Art criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_literary_criticism" title="Feminist literary criticism">Literary criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_film_theory" title="Feminist film theory">Film theory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_biology" title="Feminist biology">Biology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_political_ecology" title="Feminist political ecology">Political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_and_modern_architecture" title="Feminism and modern architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_anthropology" title="Feminist anthropology">Anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_archaeology" title="Feminist archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_school_of_criminology" title="Feminist school of criminology">Criminology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pathways_perspective" title="Feminist pathways perspective">Pathways perspective</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_geography" title="Feminist geography">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pedagogy" title="Feminist pedagogy">Pedagogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy" title="Feminist philosophy">Philosophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_aesthetics" title="Feminist aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_empiricism" title="Feminist empiricism">Empiricism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_epistemology" title="Feminist epistemology">Epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_ethics" title="Feminist ethics">Ethics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_justice_ethics" title="Feminist justice ethics">Justice ethics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_existentialism" title="Feminist existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_metaphysics" title="Feminist metaphysics">Metaphysics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_philosophy_of_science" title="Feminist philosophy of science">Science</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_pornography" title="Feminist pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_psychology" title="Feminist psychology">Psychology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_therapy" title="Feminist therapy">Therapy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seriality_(gender_studies)" title="Seriality (gender studies)">Seriality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_international_relations" title="Feminism in international relations">International relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_existentialism" title="Feminist existentialism">Existentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_revisionist_mythology" title="Feminist revisionist mythology">Revisionist mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_technoscience" title="Feminist technoscience">Technoscience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_theory_in_composition_studies" title="Feminist theory in composition studies">Composition studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_feminism" title="African feminism">Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Egypt" title="Feminism in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Senegal" title="Feminism in Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Africa" title="Feminism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Australia" title="Feminism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Bangladesh" title="Feminism in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Canada" title="Feminism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_China" title="Feminism in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Denmark" title="Women in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Finland" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_France" title="Feminism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Germany" title="Feminism in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Greece" title="Feminism in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_India" title="Feminism in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Indonesia" title="Feminism in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Iran" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Iraq" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Feminism in the Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Israel" title="Feminism in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Italy" title="Feminism in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Japan" title="Feminism in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Latin_America" title="Feminism in Latin America">Latin America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Argentina" title="Feminism in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Brazil" title="Feminism in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Chile" title="Feminism in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Honduras" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Mexico" title="Feminism in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Paraguay" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Women in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Lebanon" title="Women in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Malaysia" title="Feminism in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Nepal" title="Feminism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Netherlands" title="Feminism in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_New_Zealand" title="Feminism in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Norway" title="Feminism in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Pakistan" title="Feminism in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Poland" title="Feminism in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Russia" title="Feminism in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Feminism in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_South_Korea" title="Feminism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Sweden" title="Feminism in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Syria" title="Women in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Taiwan" title="Feminism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Thailand" title="Feminism in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminism in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Vietnam" title="Women in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Ukraine" title="Women in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Feminism in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminism_in_the_United_States" title="Feminism in the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_women_in_the_United_States" title="History of women in the United States">History of women</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminists" title="List of feminists">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_art_critics" title="List of feminist art critics">Art critics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ecofeminist_authors" title="List of ecofeminist authors">Ecofeminist authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_economists" title="List of feminist economists">Economists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_feminists" title="List of Jewish feminists">Jewish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_feminists" title="List of Muslim feminists">Muslim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_philosophers" title="List of feminist philosophers">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_poets" title="List of feminist poets">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_rhetoricians" title="List of feminist rhetoricians">Rhetoricians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_suffragists_and_suffragettes" title="List of suffragists and suffragettes">Suffragists and suffragettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_rights_activists" title="List of women's rights activists">Women's rights activists</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_variants_of_feminism" title="Conservative variants of feminism">Conservative feminisms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_literature" title="List of feminist literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_feminist_literature" title="List of American feminist literature">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_comic_books" title="List of feminist comic books">Comic books</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_feminist_parties" title="List of feminist parties">Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women%27s_studies_journals" title="List of women's studies journals">Women's studies journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCUM_Manifesto" title="SCUM Manifesto">SCUM Manifesto</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_peacekeeping" title="Women in peacekeeping">Women in peacekeeping</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/16px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/24px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Feminism_symbol.svg/32px-Feminism_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Feminism" title="Portal:Feminism">Feminism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Feminism" title="Category:Feminism">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/16px-Symbol_question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/23px-Symbol_question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e0/Symbol_question.svg/31px-Symbol_question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_feminism_articles" title="Index of feminism articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Discrimination" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Discrimination" title="Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Discrimination" title="Template talk:Discrimination"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Discrimination"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Discrimination" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Discrimination" title="Discrimination">Discrimination</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">Institutional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_discrimination" title="Structural discrimination">Structural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statistical_discrimination_(economics)" title="Statistical discrimination (economics)">Statistical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taste-based_discrimination" title="Taste-based discrimination">Taste-based</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ageism" title="Ageism">Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">Caste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_discrimination" title="Class discrimination">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialect_discrimination" title="Dialect discrimination">Dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ableism" title="Ableism">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_discrimination" title="Genetic discrimination">Genetic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_hair_texture" title="Discrimination based on hair texture">Hair texture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Height_discrimination" title="Height discrimination">Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_discrimination" title="Linguistic discrimination">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lookism" title="Lookism">Looks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanism" title="Sanism">Mental disorder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Race / Ethnicity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_skin_tone" title="Discrimination based on skin tone">Skin color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankism" title="Rankism">Rank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">Sex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation_discrimination" title="Sexual orientation discrimination">Sexual orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Species</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sizeism" title="Sizeism">Size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viewpoint_discrimination" title="Viewpoint discrimination">Viewpoint</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Arophobia">Arophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_asexual_people" title="Discrimination against asexual people">Acephobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adultism" title="Adultism">Adultism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism" title="Persecution of people with albinism">Anti-albinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_autistic_people" title="Discrimination against autistic people">Anti-autism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_homeless_people" title="Discrimination against homeless people">Anti-homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_drug_addicts" title="Discrimination against drug addicts">Anti-drug addicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-intellectualism" title="Anti-intellectualism">Anti-intellectualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_intersex_people" title="Discrimination against intersex people">Anti-intersex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias_against_left-handed_people" title="Bias against left-handed people">Anti-left handedness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonry" title="Anti-Masonry">Anti-Masonry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aporophobia" title="Aporophobia">Aporophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audism" title="Audism">Audism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biphobia" title="Biphobia">Biphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clannism" class="mw-redirect" title="Clannism">Clannism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elitism" title="Elitism">Elitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephebiphobia" title="Ephebiphobia">Ephebiphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health" title="Social determinants of health">Social determinants of health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_health_in_poverty" title="Social determinants of health in poverty">Social determinants of health in poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_determinants_of_mental_health" title="Social determinants of mental health">Social determinants of mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity" title="Social stigma of obesity">Fatphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_gay_men" title="Discrimination against gay men">Gayphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontophobia" title="Gerontophobia">Gerontophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterosexism" title="Heterosexism">Heterosexism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_people_with_HIV/AIDS" title="Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS">HIV/AIDS stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leprosy_stigma" title="Leprosy stigma">Leprosy stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesbophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Lesbophobia">Lesbophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_men" title="Discrimination against men">Discrimination against men</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misandry" title="Misandry">Misandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">Nepotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fear_of_children" title="Fear of children">Pedophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_foreigner" title="Perpetual foreigner">Perpetual foreigner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_discrimination" title="Pregnancy discrimination">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sectarianism" title="Sectarianism">Sectarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supremacism" title="Supremacism">Supremacism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarchy" title="Patriarchy">Male</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_non-binary_people" title="Discrimination against non-binary people">Non-binary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmisogyny" title="Transmisogyny">Transmisogyny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_transgender_men" title="Discrimination against transgender men">Trans men</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegaphobia" title="Vegaphobia">Vegaphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination" title="Religious discrimination">Religious</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists" title="Discrimination against atheists">Atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusivism#Religious_exclusivism" title="Exclusivism">Exclusivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Persecution of Baháʼís">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Buddhists" title="Persecution of Buddhists">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Christian_sentiment" title="Anti-Christian sentiment">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians" title="Persecution of Christians">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians" title="Persecution of Eastern Orthodox Christians">Eastern Orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Persecution of Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mormonism" title="Anti-Mormonism">LDS or Mormon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_post%E2%80%93Cold_War_era" title="Persecution of Christians in the post–Cold War era">post–Cold War era</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Falun_Gong" title="Persecution of Falun Gong">Falun Gong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hindu_sentiment" title="Anti-Hindu sentiment">Hinduism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hindus" title="Persecution of Hindus">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untouchability" title="Untouchability">Untouchability</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims" title="Persecution of Muslims">Persecution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Ahmadis" title="Persecution of Ahmadis">Ahmadiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Shi%27ism" title="Anti-Shi'ism">Shi'ism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Sufis" title="Persecution of Sufis">Sufism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sunnism" title="Anti-Sunnism">Sunnism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_minority_Muslim_groups" title="Persecution of minority Muslim groups">minority Muslim</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_antisemitism" title="Religious antisemitism">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_discrimination_against_modern_pagans" title="Religious discrimination against modern pagans">Neopaganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Protestantism" title="Anti-Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Rastafari" title="Persecution of Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Sikh_sentiment" title="Anti-Sikh sentiment">Sikhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Yazidis" title="Persecution of Yazidis">Yazidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Zoroastrians" title="Persecution of Zoroastrians">Zoroastrianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic/<a href="/wiki/Discrimination_based_on_nationality" title="Discrimination based on nationality">National</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment" title="Anti-Afghan sentiment">Afghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-African_sentiment" title="Anti-African sentiment">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Albanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Albanian sentiment">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Arab_racism" title="Anti-Arab racism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment" title="Anti-Armenian sentiment">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Asians" title="Racism against Asians">Asian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_France" title="Anti-Asian racism in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_post-Apartheid_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in post-Apartheid South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Asian_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Asian racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Assyrian_sentiment" title="Anti-Assyrian sentiment">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Azerbaijani_sentiment" title="Anti-Azerbaijani sentiment">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negrophobia" class="mw-redirect" title="Negrophobia">Black people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_discrimination_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black discrimination in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-black_racism_in_South_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-black racism in South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Bengali_sentiment_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Bengali sentiment in India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_the_Protection_of_Macedonian_National_Honor" class="mw-redirect" title="Law for the Protection of Macedonian National Honor">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catalan_sentiment" title="Anti-Catalan sentiment">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment" title="Anti-Chechen sentiment">Chechen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Chinese_sentiment" title="Anti-Chinese sentiment">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Colombian_sentiment" title="Anti-Colombian sentiment">Colombian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Croat_sentiment" title="Anti-Croat sentiment">Croat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Filipino_sentiment" title="Anti-Filipino sentiment">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fulani_sentiment" title="Anti-Fulani sentiment">Fulani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Finnish_sentiment" title="Anti-Finnish sentiment">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Georgian_sentiment" title="Anti-Georgian sentiment">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment" title="Anti-Greek sentiment">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antihaitianismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Antihaitianismo">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Hazaras" title="Persecution of Hazaras">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Hungarian_sentiment" title="Anti-Hungarian sentiment">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Igbo_sentiment" title="Anti-Igbo sentiment">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Indian_sentiment" title="Anti-Indian sentiment">Indian</a></li> <li>Indigenous people <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-indigenous_racism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-indigenous racism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Irish_sentiment" title="Anti-Irish sentiment">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Italianism" title="Anti-Italianism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Japanese_sentiment" title="Anti-Japanese sentiment">Japanese</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_antisemitism" title="New antisemitism">New</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Korean_sentiment" title="Anti-Korean sentiment">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment" title="Anti-Kurdish sentiment">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Lithuanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Lithuanian sentiment">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Malay_sentiment" title="Anti-Malay sentiment">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-M%C4%81ori_sentiment" title="Anti-Māori sentiment">Māori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment" title="Anti-Mexican sentiment">Mexican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti%E2%80%93Middle_Eastern_sentiment" title="Anti–Middle Eastern sentiment">Middle Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Mongolianism" title="Anti-Mongolianism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nigerian_sentiment" title="Anti-Nigerian sentiment">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pakistan_sentiment" title="Anti-Pakistan sentiment">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Pashtun_sentiment" title="Anti-Pashtun sentiment">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Quebec_sentiment" title="Anti-Quebec sentiment">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romani_sentiment" title="Anti-Romani sentiment">Romani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment" title="Anti-Romanian sentiment">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Scottish_sentiment" title="Anti-Scottish sentiment">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Serb_sentiment" title="Anti-Serb sentiment">Serb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Slavic_sentiment" title="Anti-Slavic sentiment">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Somali_sentiment" title="Anti-Somali sentiment">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarophobia" title="Tatarophobia">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Thai_sentiment" title="Anti-Thai sentiment">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment" title="Anti-Turkish sentiment">Turkish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Uyghur_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Uyghur sentiment">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_of_xenophobia_during_the_Venezuelan_refugee_crisis" title="List of incidents of xenophobia during the Venezuelan refugee crisis">Venezuelan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Vietnamese_sentiment" title="Anti-Vietnamese sentiment">Vietnamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Welsh_sentiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Welsh sentiment">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manifestations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-LGBTQ_rhetoric" title="Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric">Anti-LGBTQ rhetoric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_organizations_designated_by_the_Southern_Poverty_Law_Center_as_anti-LGBTQ_hate_groups" title="List of organizations designated by the Southern Poverty Law Center as anti-LGBTQ hate groups">SPLC-designated list of anti-LGBTQ hate groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020s_anti-LGBTQ_movement_in_the_United_States" title="2020s anti-LGBTQ movement in the United States">Anti-LGBTQ movemenet in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st-century_anti-trans_movement_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="21st-century anti-trans movement in the United Kingdom">Anti-trans movement in the UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_libel" title="Blood libel">Blood libel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">Bullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture" title="Cancel culture">Cancel culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_homosexuality" title="Capital punishment for homosexuality">Capital punishment for homosexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compulsory_sterilization" title="Compulsory sterilization">Compulsory sterilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrective_rape" title="Corrective rape">Corrective rape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-jihad" title="Counter-jihad">Counter-jihad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_genocide" title="Cultural genocide">Cultural genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democide" title="Democide">Democide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_hate_crime" title="Disability hate crime">Disability hate crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_whistle_(politics)" title="Dog whistle (politics)">Dog whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domicide" title="Domicide">Domicide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_discrimination" title="Economic discrimination">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_education" title="Discrimination in education">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Employment_discrimination" title="Employment discrimination">Employment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliminationism" title="Eliminationism">Eliminationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enemy_of_the_people" title="Enemy of the people">Enemy of the people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">Ethnic cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_conflict" title="Ethnic conflict">Ethnic conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_hatred" title="Ethnic hatred">Ethnic hatred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_joke" title="Ethnic joke">Ethnic joke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocide" title="Ethnocide">Ethnocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_of_excellence" title="Discrimination of excellence">Excellence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-based_dress_codes" title="Gender-based dress codes">Gender-based dress codes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmetics_policy" title="Cosmetics policy">Cosmetics policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_heel_policy" title="High heel policy">High heel policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forced_conversion" title="Forced conversion">Forced conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freak_show" title="Freak show">Freak show</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_bashing" title="Gay bashing">Gay bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gendercide" title="Gendercide">Gendercide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genital_modification_and_mutilation" title="Genital modification and mutilation">Genital modification and mutilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genocide" title="Genocide">Genocide</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genocides_in_history" title="Genocides in history">examples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glass_ceiling" title="Glass ceiling">Glass ceiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">Hate crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_LGBTQ_people" title="Violence against LGBTQ people">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">Hate group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech" title="Hate speech">Hate speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patient_dumping" title="Patient dumping">Homeless dumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_discrimination" title="Housing discrimination">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_rolling" title="Indian rolling">Indian rolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_Haole_Day" title="Kill Haole Day">Kill Haole Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_scare" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender scare">Lavender scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_grooming_conspiracy_theory" title="LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory">LGBTQ grooming conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender" title="List of people killed for being transgender">List of people killed for being transgender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgage_discrimination" title="Mortgage discrimination">Mortgage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Murder_Music" title="Stop Murder Music">Murder music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Native American mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_segregation" title="Occupational segregation">Occupational segregation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Opposition to immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paper_genocide" title="Paper genocide">Paper genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution" title="Persecution">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pogrom" title="Pogrom">Pogrom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_repression" title="Political repression">Political repression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purge" title="Purge">Purge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racialization" title="Racialization">Racialization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_persecution" title="Religious persecution">Religious persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_terrorism" title="Religious terrorism">Religious terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_violence" title="Religious violence">Religious violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scapegoating" title="Scapegoating">Scapegoating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">Segregation academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">Sexual harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex-selective_abortion" title="Sex-selective abortion">Sex-selective abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slut-shaming" title="Slut-shaming">Slut-shaming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_transgender_people" title="Violence against transgender people">Trans bashing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victimisation" title="Victimisation">Victimisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_against_women" title="Violence against women">Violence against women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide conspiracy theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wife_selling" title="Wife selling">Wife selling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_hunt" title="Witch hunt">Witch hunt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discriminatory policies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_candidacy" title="Age of candidacy">Age of candidacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpieza_de_sangre" title="Limpieza de sangre">Blood purity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_quantum_laws" title="Blood quantum laws">Blood quantum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_of_apartheid" title="Crime of apartheid">Crime of apartheid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">Disabilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disabilities_(Catholics)" title="Disabilities (Catholics)">Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish disabilities">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_pay_gap" title="Gender pay gap">Gender pay gap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_role" title="Gender role">Gender roles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy">Gerontocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_benches" title="Ghetto benches">Ghetto benches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internment" title="Internment">Internment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_quota" title="Jewish quota">Jewish quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_for_Protection_of_the_Nation" title="Law for Protection of the Nation">Law for Protection of the Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blood_donation_restrictions_on_men_who_have_sex_with_men" title="Blood donation restrictions on men who have sex with men">MSM blood donation restrictions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_kid_zone" title="No kid zone">No kid zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numerus_clausus" title="Numerus clausus">Numerus clausus (as religious or racial quota)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One-drop_rule" title="One-drop rule">One-drop rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_quota" title="Racial quota">Racial quota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">Racial segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws" title="Nuremberg Laws">Nuremberg Laws</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_steering" title="Racial steering">Racial steering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redlining" title="Redlining">Redlining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage (laws and issues prohibiting)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geographical_segregation" title="Geographical segregation">Segregation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_segregation" title="Age segregation">age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_segregation" title="Religious segregation">religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_segregation" title="Sex segregation">sexual</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sodomy_law" title="Sodomy law">Sodomy law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_atheism" title="State atheism">State atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">State religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugly_law" title="Ugly law">Ugly law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_suppression" title="Voter suppression">Voter suppression</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Countermeasures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action" title="Affirmative action">Affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-discrimination_law" title="Anti-discrimination law">Anti-discrimination law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-racism" title="Anti-racism">Anti-racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness" title="Constitutional colorblindness">Constitutional colorblindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_assimilation" title="Cultural assimilation">Cultural assimilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_pluralism" title="Cultural pluralism">Cultural pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">Diversity, equity, and inclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_training" title="Diversity training">Diversity training</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empowerment" title="Empowerment">Empowerment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fat_acceptance_movement" title="Fat acceptance movement">Fat acceptance movement</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Discrimination" title="Fighting Discrimination">Fighting Discrimination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hate_speech_laws_by_country" title="Hate speech laws by country">Hate speech laws by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_human_rights" title="Intersex human rights">Intersex human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_integration" title="Racial integration">Racial integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reappropriation" title="Reappropriation">Reappropriation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_integration" title="Social integration">Social integration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">Toleration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0.26em 0; line-height:1.5em; background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allophilia" title="Allophilia">Allophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amatonormativity" title="Amatonormativity">Amatonormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bias" title="Bias">Bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisnormativity" title="Cisnormativity">Cisnormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumanization" title="Dehumanization">Dehumanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_(politics)" title="Diversity (politics)">Diversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurodiversity" title="Neurodiversity">Neurodiversity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_penalty" title="Ethnic penalty">Ethnic penalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figleaf_(linguistics)" title="Figleaf (linguistics)">Figleaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender-blind" title="Gender-blind">Gender-blind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heteronormativity" title="Heteronormativity">Heteronormativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_eugenics" title="History of eugenics">Historical eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internalized_oppression" title="Internalized oppression">Internalized oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_disability" title="Medical model of disability">Medical model of disability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_model_of_autism" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical model of autism">autism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Net_bias" title="Net bias">Net bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oikophobia" title="Oikophobia">Oikophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppression" title="Oppression">Oppression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality" title="Police brutality">Police brutality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">Political correctness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyculturalism" title="Polyculturalism">Polyculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_distance" title="Power distance">Power distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prejudice" title="Prejudice">Prejudice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_abuse" title="Prisoner abuse">Prisoner abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_by_country" title="Racism by country">Racism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_color_blindness" title="Racial color blindness">Racial color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_intolerance" title="Religious intolerance">Religious intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_discrimination" title="Reverse discrimination">Reverse discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reverse_racism" title="Reverse racism">Reverse racism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-generation_gender_bias" title="Second-generation gender bias">Second-generation gender bias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snob" title="Snob">Snobbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_exclusion" title="Social exclusion">Social exclusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_identity_threat" title="Social identity threat">Social identity threat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_model_of_disability" title="Social model of disability">Social model of disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_privilege" title="Social privilege">Social privilege</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_privilege" title="Christian privilege">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Male_privilege" title="Male privilege">male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_privilege" title="White privilege">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_stigma" title="Social stigma">Social stigma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speciesism" title="Speciesism">Speciesism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype" title="Stereotype">Stereotype</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_threat" title="Stereotype threat">threat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Discrimination" title="Category:Discrimination">Category</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Prejudice_and_discrimination" title="Category:Prejudice and discrimination">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_ideologies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_ideologies" title="Template:Political ideologies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Political_ideologies" title="Template talk:Political ideologies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Political_ideologies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Political ideologies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_ideologies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Political ideologies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Establishment" title="The Establishment">The Establishment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-establishment" title="Anti-establishment">Anti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardline" title="Hardline">Hardline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_moderate" title="Political moderate">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political spectrum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">Right-wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">Far-right</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_radicalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political radicalism">Radical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary" title="Revolutionary">Revolutionary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchism" title="Anarchism">Anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalism" title="Capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalism_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Communalism (Bookchin)">Communalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporatism" title="Corporatism">Corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Distributism" title="Distributism">Distributism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_credit" title="Social credit">Social credit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fundamentalism" title="Fundamentalism">Fundamentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindutva" title="Hindutva">Hindutva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">Libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masculism" title="Masculism">Masculism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">Monarchism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Royalism">Royalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">Republicanism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_republicanism" title="Classical republicanism">Classical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_republicanism" title="Modern republicanism">Modern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Authoritarianism" title="Authoritarianism">Authoritarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">Anti</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization#Collectivism_and_individualism" title="Social organization">Collectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culturalism" title="Culturalism">Culturalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interculturalism" title="Interculturalism">Inter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monoculturalism" title="Monoculturalism">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">Multi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extremism" title="Extremism">Extremism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism" title="Federalism">Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globalism" title="Globalism">Globalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialism" title="Imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">Nihilism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacifism" title="Pacifism">Pacifism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pluralism_(political_theory)" title="Pluralism (political theory)">Pluralism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(politics)" title="Regionalism (politics)">Regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statism" title="Statism">Statism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncretic_politics" title="Syncretic politics">Syncretism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarianism" title="Totalitarianism">Totalitarianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7252#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7252#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7252#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/922671/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4222126-2">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85047741">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11938848m">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11938848m">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph120150&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525610">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000048138&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007529132705171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/017427">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10638645">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feminism&oldid=1257905343">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feminism&oldid=1257905343</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminism" title="Category:Feminism">Feminism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1830s_neologisms" title="Category:1830s neologisms">1830s neologisms</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_theories" title="Category:Social theories">Social theories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Feminist_terminology" title="Category:Feminist terminology">Feminist terminology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_October_2012" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2012">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from October 2012</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_June_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from June 2023">Articles with dead external links from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_bare_URL" title="Category:CS1 errors: bare URL">CS1 errors: bare URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Swedish-language_sources_(sv)" title="Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)">CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_semi-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages">Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from March 2022">Use dmy dates from March 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_Canadian_English_from_April_2021" title="Category:Use Canadian English from April 2021">Use Canadian English from April 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_Canadian_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English">All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_sidebar_with_the_child_parameter" title="Category:Pages using sidebar with the child parameter">Pages using sidebar with the child parameter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_excerpts" title="Category:Articles with excerpts">Articles with excerpts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_failed_verification" title="Category:All articles with failed verification">All articles with failed verification</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_failed_verification_from_June_2023" title="Category:Articles with failed verification from June 2023">Articles with failed verification from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_May_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from May 2023">Articles with dead external links from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata" title="Category:Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata">Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from Collier's Encyclopedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_Encyclopedia_Americana_with_a_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_November_2018" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2018">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from November 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 05:19 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Feminism&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-f2wr6","wgBackendResponseTime":167,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.306","walltime":"4.783","ppvisitednodes":{"value":25715,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":993651,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":38735,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":69,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1499735,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4072.952 1 -total"," 50.80% 2069.125 2 Template:Reflist"," 25.08% 1021.663 197 Template:Cite_book"," 12.46% 507.491 2 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 12.28% 500.084 12 Template:Excerpt"," 9.48% 386.163 1 Template:Discrimination_sidebar"," 8.45% 344.322 62 Template:Cite_web"," 7.77% 316.612 60 Template:Cite_journal"," 5.65% 229.950 4 Template:Navbox"," 4.59% 186.914 1 Template:Feminism"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.837","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11105637,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n}\nanchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAartsMcMahon2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbbottTylerWallace2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAbbottWallaceTyler2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAhmed,_Sarta2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllen1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllison1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAllum2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson,_Elizabeth2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnderson,_Pamela_SueClack,_Beverley2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArtwińskaMrozik2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAssiter1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBadia,_Gilbert1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBadran,_Margot2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBadran1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarbara_Ehrenreich1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBard2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaumgardnerRichards2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeardGloag2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeasley1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBem1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenhabib1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenhabib2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBennetMandersonAstbury2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBennett2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBergoffen2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBiehl1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlain,_VirginiaClements,_PatriciaGrundy,_Isobel1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlake_Gopnik2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlamires2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBland2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBottingHouser2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBottomore,_T.B.1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrabeckBrown1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrasselAnderson2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBro2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown1970\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrunellBurkett2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuck1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBuckley1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBullough1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBunbury\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBundesen,_Lynne2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurnAboudMoyles2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButler1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCase1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCatalonian_Islamic_Board2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChamberlain2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChodorow,_Nancy1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChunn2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClark2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCochrane2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCode,_Lorraine2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCode2000\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFColeRonanTaussigCole1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConlinDouglassMoscardini2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCortinaCurtinStewart2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCott1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrowellBurgess1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDalbey2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDanowitz_Sagaria1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDastagir2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDerek_Thompson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDigby1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDooling2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDoranWest1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuBois,_Ellen_Carol1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuBois1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDubyPerrotSchmitt_Pantel1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuchen2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuggan,_LisaHunter,_Nan_D.1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDunbar-Ortiz2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEchols1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEliasFerguson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmily_McFarlan_Miller2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFErens1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEttehadieh2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEttinger,_BrachaJudith_ButlerBrian_MassumiGriselda_Pollock2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEttinger2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEttinger2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEttingerChristov-BakargievPollockKinsella2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEttingerSzpeker-BenatPollock1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaludi1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarrisLeeRubinstein2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFaulkner2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFausto-Sterling1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFayolle2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeliciano2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFerrando2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFine2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlaherty2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlexner1996\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFlorence,_PennyFoster,_Nicola2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFox2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankforter1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreedman,_Estelle_B.2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFreeman\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedan1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedan1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGamble2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGardiner2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaylor2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGerhard,_Jane_F.2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGheytanchi2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGiannetti1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilbert1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilligan1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGilligan1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGillisHowieMunford2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldstein1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGolley2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoodman2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGottfried2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrady2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrever1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGriffiths1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGross1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuillaumin1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaddad,_Mimi2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHanisch2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHankinson_Nelson,_Lynn1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHankinson_Nelson,_Lynn1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHansenPhilipson1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarding,_Sandra1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarding2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarnois2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarnois2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarnois2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHawkesworth2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHayward2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHelford,_Elyce_Rae2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHemmings2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenleyMengO\u0026#039;BrienMcCarthy1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHennessyIngraham1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenry2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHewlett1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHill_Collins2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHirsi_AliHirsi_Ali2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoagland1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoban,_Phoebe2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHochschild,_Arlie_Russell2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHochschild,_Arlie_RussellMachung,_Anne2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHogan2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolloway,_Marguerite2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHollowsMoseley2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoltCameron2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHopkins-DoylePettersonLeachZibell2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoweAguiar2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHubbard,_Ruth1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHudson-Weems1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHumm1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunt2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHägg2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIbárruri,_Dolores1938\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJardineSmith1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJewkesAbrahams2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohn_McGuffin1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKassian2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaufmanBlakely1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKimmel2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKimmelMosmiller1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKinnairdAstell1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKoHaboushPiggott2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKolawole,_Mary_Ebun_Modupe1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKristevaMoi1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrolokkeSorensen2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKuhnRadstone1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLaurence2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeidholdtRaymond1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLengermannNiebrugge2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLerner1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeslieDrake1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevit1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindSalo2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindlofTaylor2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLindsey2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLingardDouglas1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLips1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLockwood,_Bert_B.2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLont1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLukas2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLyndon1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMa2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacDonald2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMahowald1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManditch-Prottas2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarilley1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMarjorie_Ingall2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMateo–Gomez2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathur1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaynard1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcBride2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcElroy2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeltzer1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMendus2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMesser-Davidow2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiles2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMiller2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMillerSwift1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMinda1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMitchell1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoradiMartinBrewster2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMosbacher2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNarayan1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNcube2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNnaemeka1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Neill2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Sullivan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFObianuju_Acholonu1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFObserver_editorial2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOffen1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOgundipe-Leslie1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOgunyemi1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrleck2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPalczewski1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParpartConnellyConnellyBarriteau2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPassmore2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatai2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPateman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeraino2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerkins1909\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeterson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips,_Melanie2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPiepmeier2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlaskow,_Judith2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlattSzoka2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoetry_Foundation2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPollock2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPollock2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProchner2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProchnerMarchand2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPulkkinen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRandall2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRedden2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRenzetti1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRichards2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRines1920\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRitchieRonald2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoberts2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRohana_AriffinWomen\u0026#039;s_Crisis_Centre_(Pinang,_Malaysia)1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg,_JessicaGitana_Garofalo1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoss2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoth2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRothschild1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRottenberg2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRowe-Finkbeiner,_Kristin2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoyWeibustMiller2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRuether2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRush1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSack2019\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSalzman2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanghani2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScanlon2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchlafly1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchroderSchuler2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchroderSchuler2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScott2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShah2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShanley1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShowalter1979\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSimpsonWeiner1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSolomon2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSommers1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpender1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStangeOysterSloan2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStansell2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteichen1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStevens1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStevensO\u0026#039;Hare1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTickner,_Ann_J.2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTong1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTong2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUviller1978\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVance,_Carole_S.1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVoet1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWahlquist2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker,_Alice1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWalker1992\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWalters2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarner1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeedon2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWendell1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWestZimmerman1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWheeler1995\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWhelehan1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinddance_TwineBlee2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWitt2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorell2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWright2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWroath1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYeatman1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYoung,_Cathy2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZacharekDocktermanSweetland_Edwards2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZajko,_VandaLeonard,_Miriam2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZanghellini2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZerbisias2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZhangRios2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZivkovic2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZucker2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFal-Qaradawi2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFhooks2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFhooks2014\"] = 1,\n [\"Criticism_of_feminism_and_anti-feminism\"] = 1,\n [\"Critique_of_Feminism_and_Anti-feminism\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 5,\n [\"'\"] = 2,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Blockquote\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite AV media\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Americana\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite Collier's\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 197,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 60,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 23,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 62,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 2,\n [\"Discrimination\"] = 1,\n [\"Discrimination sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 1,\n [\"Feminism\"] = 1,\n [\"Feminism sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"Feminist philosophy sidebar\"] = 1,\n [\"For timeline\"] = 1,\n [\"Further\"] = 5,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"In Our Time\"] = 1,\n [\"Legend\"] = 5,\n [\"Library resources box\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 25,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 10,\n [\"Pb\"] = 3,\n [\"Political ideologies\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect2\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 7,\n [\"See also\"] = 7,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Update\"] = 1,\n [\"Use Canadian English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 2,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","480","16.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","400","13.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","340","11.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","260","8.9"],["?","240","8.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","180","6.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","160","5.5"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","80","2.7"],["\u003CModule:Citation/CS1:813\u003E","60","2.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::plain","60","2.1"],["[others]","660","22.6"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-5xx6x","timestamp":"20241124053245","ttl":21600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Feminism","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Feminism","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7252","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7252","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-11-07T20:08:24Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T05:19:16Z","headline":"group of movements that come about defining, and defending women liberation and gender equity"}</script> </body> </html>