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cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Физични_и_химични_свойства" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Физични_и_химични_свойства"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Физични и химични свойства</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Физични_и_химични_свойства-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Физични и химични свойства</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Физични_и_химични_свойства-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Декофеинизиране" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Декофеинизиране"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Декофеинизиране</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Декофеинизиране-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Засичане_в_тялото" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Засичане_в_тялото"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Засичане в тялото</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Засичане_в_тялото-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Срещане_в_природата" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Срещане_в_природата"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Срещане в природата</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Срещане_в_природата-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Кофеин</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 92 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-92" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">92 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafe%C3%AFen" title="Kafeïen – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kafeïen" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كافيين – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كافيين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86" title="كافيين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كافيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Кафеін – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кафеін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%8D%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Кафэін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кафэін" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8" title="ক্যাফেইন – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যাফেইন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%AFna" title="Cafeïna – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cafeïna" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کافاین – кюрдски (централен)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کافاین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="кюрдски (централен)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffein" title="Caffein – уелски" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Caffein" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffein" title="Coffein – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Coffein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%B5%CE%90%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Καφεΐνη – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καφεΐνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Caffeine" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeino" title="Kafeino – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kafeino" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeiin" title="Kofeiin – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kofeiin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کافئین – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کافئین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeiini" title="Kofeiini – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kofeiini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="Добра статия"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9ine" title="Caféine – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caféine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffein" title="Coffein – северен фризийски" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Coffein" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="северен фризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caif%C3%A9in" title="Caiféin – ирландски" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Caiféin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B7%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83" title="𐌺𐌰𐌷𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 – готически" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐌰𐌷𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="готически" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קפאין – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קפאין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="कैफ़ीन – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैफ़ीन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D6%86%D5%A5%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Կոֆեին – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոֆեին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeina" title="Caffeina – интерлингва" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Caffeina" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="интерлингва" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeino" title="Kafeino – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kafeino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koff%C3%ADn" title="Koffín – исландски" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Koffín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeina" title="Caffeina – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caffeina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A7%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3" title="カフェイン – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カフェイン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaf%C3%A9in" title="Kaféin – явански" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kaféin" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="явански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A4%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="კოფეინი – грузински" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კოფეინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%A0%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%A2%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93" title="កាហ្វេអ៊ីន – кхмерски" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាហ្វេអ៊ីន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="кхмерски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AB%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕೆಫೀನ್ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೆಫೀನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B8" title="카페인 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카페인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinum" title="Caffeinum – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caffeinum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeinna" title="Caffeinna – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Caffeinna" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeina" title="Caffeina – ломбардски" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Caffeina" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ломбардски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeinas" title="Kofeinas – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kofeinas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofe%C4%ABns" title="Kofeīns – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kofeīns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeinina" title="Kafeinina – малгашки" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kafeinina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="малгашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ကေဖိန်း – бирмански" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကေဖိန်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирмански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="क्याफिन – неварски" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्याफिन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%AFne" title="Cafeïne – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cafeïne" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%AFna" title="Cafeïna – окситански" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cafeïna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofeina" title="Kofeina – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kofeina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کیفین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیفین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کوفین – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کوفین" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafe%C3%ADna" title="Cafeína – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cafeína" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cofein%C4%83" title="Cofeină – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cofeină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – саха" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="саха" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine – шотландски" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caffeine" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="шотландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caffeine" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofe%C3%ADn" title="Kofeín – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kofeín" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeni" title="Kafeni – шона" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kafeni" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="шона" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Кофеин – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кофеин" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaf%C3%A9in" title="Kaféin – сундански" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kaféin" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffein" title="Koffein – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koffein" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeini" title="Kafeini – суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kafeini" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="காஃவீன் – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காஃவீன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AB%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కెఫిన్ – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కెఫిన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99" title="กาเฟอีน – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กาเฟอีน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafein" title="Kafein – туркменски" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kafein" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapeina" title="Kapeina – тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kapeina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafein" title="Kafein – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kafein" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%97%D0%BD" title="Кофеїн – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кофеїн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کیفین – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیفین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofein" title="Kofein – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kofein" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafein" title="Cafein – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cafein" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafeina" title="Kafeina – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kafeina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="咖啡因 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="咖啡因" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F" title="קאפעין – идиш" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאפעין" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="идиш" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="咖啡因 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="咖啡因" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%96%E5%95%A1%E5%9B%A0" title="咖啡因 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="咖啡因" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60235#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit" title="Редактиране на изходния код на страницата [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Редактиране на кода</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=history" title="Предишни версии на страницата [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Инструменти" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&printable=yes" title="Версия за печат на страницата [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Версия за печат</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> В други проекти </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caffeine" hreflang="en"><span>Общомедия</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q60235" title="Препратка към свързания обект от хранилището за данни [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Обект в Уикиданни</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Облик</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">скриване</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">от Уикипедия, свободната енциклопедия</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="bg" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r12144718">.mw-parser-output .infobox-lua{width:22em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-title,.mw-parser-output .infobox-above,.mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,.mw-parser-output .infobox-image,.mw-parser-output .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data-only,.mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox-above{font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .infobox-data{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox-navbar{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .infobox-italic-title{display:none}.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;margin:-5px 0;border:0;border-spacing:0 5px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox th.onlysubbox,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox td.onlysubbox{padding:0!important}</style><table class="infobox infobox-lua infobox_v2 vcard plainlinks"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-above title physic" style="background-color:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #aaa;">Кофеин</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Caffeine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffeine.svg/240px-Caffeine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffeine.svg/360px-Caffeine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Caffeine.svg/480px-Caffeine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1484" data-file-height="1164" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #aaa;">Имена</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_IUPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="Номенклатура на IUPAC">По IUPAC</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,3,7-триметил-1<i>H</i>-пурин-2,6(3<i>H</i>,7<i>H</i>)-дион</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #aaa;">Свойства</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" class="mw-redirect" title="Формула (химия)">Формула</a></th><td class="infobox-data">C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>10</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Моларна маса">Моларна маса</a></th><td class="infobox-data">194,19 g/mol</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Външен вид</th><td class="infobox-data">бели кристали или прах</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Плътност">Плътност</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,23 g/cm<sup>3</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="Точка на топене">Точка на топене</a></th><td class="infobox-data">235 – 238 °C, 500 – 501 K (безводен)<br />234 – 235 °C, 507 – 508 K (монохидрат)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сублимация">Сублимация</a></th><td class="infobox-data">180 °C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Разтворимост във <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода">вода</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,17 g/100 mL (25 °C)<br />18 g/100 mL (80 °C)<br />67 g/100 mL (100 °C)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Разтворимост в етанол</th><td class="infobox-data">15 g/L</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/PKa" class="mw-redirect" title="PKa">pK<sub>a</sub></a> <sub></sub></th><td class="infobox-data">–0,13 – 1,22 (протониран)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Електрически диполен момент">Диполен момент</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3,64 <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Дебай">D</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #aaa;">Опасности</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%A1_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЕС класификация (страницата не съществува)">ЕС класификация</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Вреден (<b>Xn</b>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">ЕС индекс</th><td class="infobox-data">613-086-00-5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/R-%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="R-фрази">Фрази за риск</a></th><td class="infobox-data">R22</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/S-%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="S-фрази">Фрази за безопасност</a></th><td class="infobox-data">S2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/LD50" title="LD50">LD<sub>50</sub></a></th><td class="infobox-data">192 mg/kg за <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D1%8A%D1%85" class="mw-redirect" title="Плъх">плъх</a>, орално</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #aaa;">Сродни съединения</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Други</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Теофилин">теофилин</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Теобромин">теобромин</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #aaa;">Идентификатори</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Номенклатура на CAS">CAS номер</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=58-08-2">58-08-2</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2519">2519</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2424.html">2424</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00201">DB00201</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/D00528">D00528</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D002110">D002110</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:27732">27732</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ChEMBL" title="ChEMBL">ChEMBL</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/compound_report_card/CHEMBL113/">CHEMBL113</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Регистър на токсичните ефекти на химичните вещества">RTECS</a></th><td class="infobox-data">EV6475000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE-%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Анатомо-терапевтическо-химическа класификация (страницата не съществува)">ATC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=N06BC01">N06BC01</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/SMILES" title="SMILES">SMILES</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="word-break:break-word">CN1C=NC2=C1C(=O)N(C(=O)N2C)C</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Международен химичен идентификатор">InChI</a></th><td class="infobox-data mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="word-break:break-word">InChI=1S/C8H10N4O2/c1-10-4-9-6-5(10)7(13)12(3)8(14)11(6)2/h4H,1-3H3</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">InChI ключ</th><td class="infobox-data" style="word-break:break-word">RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Уникален идентификатор на суровини (страницата не съществува)">UNII</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/3G6A5W338E">3G6A5W338E</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gmelin" title="Gmelin">Gmelin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">103040</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" scope="colgroup" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #aaa;;border:none; height:1px"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-data-only"><small>Данните са при <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Стандартно състояние">стандартно състояние на материалите (25 °C, 100 kPa)</a>, освен ако не е указано друго.</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color:#f8eaba; border:1px solid #aaa;"><b class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Caffeine?uselang=bg">Кофеин</a></b> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Общомедия">Общомедия</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Кофеинът</b> е <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ксантин">ксантинов</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Алкалоид">алкалоид</a>, който се съдържа в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="Листо">листата</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Плод">плодовете</a> на различни растения – <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Кафе">кафе</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Чай (растение)">чай</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гуарана">гуарана</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Какао">какао</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Кола (растение)">кола</a> и други. Той е природен <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Пестицид">пестицид</a> – парализира и убива различни <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8" title="Насекоми">насекоми</a>, които се хранят с тези растения. </p><p>При <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Човек">хората</a> кофеинът действа като <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82" title="Стимулант">стимулант</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Централна нервна система">централната нервна система</a>. Той се съдържа в много храни и напитки като кафе, чай, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Шоколад">шоколад</a>, някои <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Безалкохолна напитка">безалкохолни напитки</a> и други, което го прави най-употребяваното <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Психоактивно вещество">психоактивно вещество</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-alpha_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alpha-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Злоупотребата с кофеин често води до психическа, а понякога дори и до физическа зависимост.<sup id="cite_ref-alpha_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alpha-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Кофеинът е горчив, бял, кристален <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Пурин">пурин</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ксантин">метилксантинов</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Алкалоид">алкалоид</a>, който е химически сроден с <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Аденин">адениновите</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Гуанин">гуаниновите</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Нуклеотидна база">нуклеотидни бази</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%9D%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="ДНК">ДНК</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%9D%D0%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="РНК">РНК</a>. Съдържа се в семената, ядките или листата на редица растения от <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Африка">Африка</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Източна Азия">Източна Азия</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Южна Америка">Южна Америка</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Caballero_Finglas_Toldra_2015_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Caballero_Finglas_Toldra_2015-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Хората пият кофеинови напитки за облекчаване или предотвратяване на сънливостта и за подобряване на когнитивната способност. За приготвянето на такива напитки е нужно кофеинът да се извлече от растението чрез преваряване във вода (инфузия). Такива напитки са много популярни из цял свят. </p><p>Кофеинът може да има както положително, така и отрицателно влияние върху здравето. Той може да лекува и предотвратява нарушенията в дишането на недоносените деца. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кофеинов цитрат (страницата не съществува)">Кофеиновият цитрат</a> е в списъка на основните лекарства на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%97%D0%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="СЗО">СЗО</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WHOMedList_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHOMedList-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Той може да придаде малък защитен ефект срещу някои заболявания,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> включително <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Болестта на Паркинсон">болестта на Паркинсон</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Qi_2014_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qi_2014-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Някои хора изпитват <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Безсъние">безсъние</a> или безпокойство, когато консумират кофеин, докато други почти не се влияят. Влиянието на кофеина при бременност е неясно, но все пак на бременните жени се препоръчва да не прекаляват с него.<sup id="cite_ref-Jah2015_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jah2015-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ACOG_policy_462_caffeine_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACOG_policy_462_caffeine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81" title="Терапевтичен толеранс">Терапевтичен толеранс</a> към ефекта на повишени кръвно налягане и пулс се развива с постоянната употреба на кофеина, т.е. тези симптоми отслабват или въобще не настъпват при редовна употреба.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Кофеинът се счита за безопасно вещество от <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Агенция за контрол на храните и лекарствата">Агенцията за контрол на храните и лекарствата на САЩ</a>. Токсичните дози, над 10 грама на ден за възрастен, са много по-високи от обичайните дози, под 500 милиграма на ден.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Чаша кафе съдържа 80 – 175 mg кофеин в зависимост от сорта кафе и начина на приготвяне. Чистият кофеин на прах, който се продава като <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хранителна добавка">хранителна добавка</a>, може да бъде смъртоносен в количества колкото една супена лъжица. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Физични_и_химични_свойства"><span id=".D0.A4.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D1.85.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D1.81.D0.B2.D0.BE.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B0"></span>Физични и химични свойства</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: Физични и химични свойства" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Физични и химични свойства"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; margin:0 0 0 1em;"> <caption><b>Разтворимост на кофеина</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>среда</th> <th>t °C</th> <th>разтворимост (g/l) </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Вода">Вода</a></td> <td align="center">25</td> <td align="right">21,74 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">80</td> <td align="right">181,82 </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Етанол">Етанол</a></td> <td align="center">25</td> <td align="right">15,15 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">60</td> <td align="right">45,45 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ацетон">Ацетон</a></td> <td align="center">20</td> <td align="right">20,00 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Хлороформ">Хлороформ</a></td> <td align="center">20</td> <td align="right">181,82 </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Caffeine_USP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Caffeine_USP.jpg/220px-Caffeine_USP.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Caffeine_USP.jpg/330px-Caffeine_USP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Caffeine_USP.jpg/440px-Caffeine_USP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1402" data-file-height="910" /></a><figcaption>Сух кофеин.</figcaption></figure> <p>Чистият безводен кофеин има горчив вкус и представлява бял прах без мирис, топящ се при 235 – 238 °C. Той е умерено разтворим във вода при <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Стайна температура">стайна температура</a> (2 g/100 mL), но много разтворим във вряща вода (66 g/100 mL).<sup id="cite_ref-solu_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solu-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Също така той е умерено разтворим в <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Етанол">етанол</a> (1,5 g/100 mL).<sup id="cite_ref-solu_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-solu-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Има слабо основен характер и изисква силна киселина, за да се протонира. Кофеинът обикновено не съдържа <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Стереоцентър (страницата не съществува)">стереоцентър</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-isbn0-7614-2242-0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn0-7614-2242-0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> поради което молекулата му се класифицира като <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Хиралност (химия)">ахирална</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-58409-016-2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-58409-016-2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ксантин">Ксантиновото</a> ядро на кофеина съдържа два съединени пръстена – <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Пиримидиндион (страницата не съществува)">пиримидиндион</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Имидазол (страницата не съществува)">имидазол</a>. Пиримидиндионът от своя страна съдържа две <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Амид">амидни</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Функционални групи">функционални групи</a>, които съществуват най-вече в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Цвитерион">цвитерионен</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Резонанс (химия) (страницата не съществува)">резонанс</a>. Всичките атоми в пиримидиндиона са <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орбитална хибридизация">хибридизирани</a> и планарни. </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Биосинтез">Биосинтезът</a> на кофеина е пример за <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="Конвергентна еволюция">конвергентна еволюция</a> сред различни видове.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Той може да се произведе и по изкуствен път в лаборатория от <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Диметилурея (страницата не съществува)">диметилурея</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Малонова киселина">Малонова киселина</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-isbn1-58829-173-1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isbn1-58829-173-1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zajac_2003_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zajac_2003-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Търговският кофеин обикновено не се произвежда по изкуствен път, тъй като химичното съединение е лесно достъпно като вторичен продукт след процеса на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Декофеинизиране (страницата не съществува)">декофеинизиране</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Декофеинизиране"><span id=".D0.94.D0.B5.D0.BA.D0.BE.D1.84.D0.B5.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5"></span>Декофеинизиране</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Декофеинизиране" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Декофеинизиране"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Безкофеиновото кафе всъщност най-често съдържа кофеин, като съдържанието му може да варира от 1 – 2% до 20%.<sup id="cite_ref-sciencedaily_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sciencedaily-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Извличането на кофеин от кафе за получаване на кофеин и безкофеиново кафе може да се постигне с помощта на редица разтворители. <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Бензен">Бензен</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC" title="Хлороформ">хлороформ</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Трихлоретилен (страницата не съществува)">трихлоретилен</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Дихлорметан">дихлорметан</a> се използват в миналото, но поради причини за безопасност, въздействие върху околната среда, цена и вкус са заменени от следните основни методи: </p> <ul><li>Водно извличане: Кафеените зърна се накисват във вода. Водата, която съдържа много други съединения освен кофеин, след това преминава през <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Активен въглен">активен въглен</a>, който премахва кофеина. Водата след това може да се върне обратно при зърната и да се изпари, оставяйки кафето с оригиналния си аромат и без кофеина.</li> <li>Извличане със свръхкритичен въглероден диоксид: <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%85%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Свръхкритичен въглерод диоксид (страницата не съществува)">Свръхкритичният въглероден диоксид</a> е отличен неполярен разтворител на кофеин и е по-безопасен от органичните разтворители, които са се използвали преди. Процесът включва впръскването на CO<sub>2</sub> през зелени кафеени зърна при температура над 31,1 °C и налягане над 73 <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_(%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0)" title="Атмосфера (единица)">atm</a>. При тези условия CO<sub>2</sub> се намира в <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%85%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Свръхкритична течност (страницата не съществува)">свръхкритично</a> състояние – той има газови свойства, които му позволяват да проникне дълбоко в зърната, но и течни свойства, които разтварят 97 – 99% от кофеина. След това натовареният с кофеин CO<sub>2</sub> се пръска с вода под налягане за да се премахне кофеина. После кофеинът може да бъде изолиран с активен въглен (както по-горе) или чрез <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Дестилация">дестилация</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Рекристализация (страницата не съществува)">рекристализация</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Обратна осмоза">обратна осмоза</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Decaffeination_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Decaffeination-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Извличане с органични разтворители: Някои органични разтворители (като например <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Етилацетат">етилацетат</a>) представляват много по-малък риск за здравето и околната среда, отколкото хлорираните и ароматни органични разтворители, които се използват в миналото.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Засичане_в_тялото"><span id=".D0.97.D0.B0.D1.81.D0.B8.D1.87.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.B2_.D1.82.D1.8F.D0.BB.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE"></span>Засичане в тялото</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Засичане в тялото" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Засичане в тялото"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Кофеинът може да бъде измерен в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B2" title="Кръв">кръвта</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Кръвна плазма">кръвната плазма</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Кръвен серум">кръвния серум</a>, като това може да е полезно при наблюдението на новородени за потвърждаване на диагноза на отравяне или за улеснение на разследване на смърт. Нивата на кофеина в плазмата обикновено варират между 2 и 10 mg/L при редовните консуматори на кафе. Концентрацията на кофеин в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Урина">урината</a> често се измерва при състезателните спортове, като надвишаването на 15 mg/L обикновено се счита за злоупотреба.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Срещане_в_природата"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.80.D0.B5.D1.89.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B5_.D0.B2_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B0"></span>Срещане в природата</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: Срещане в природата" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Срещане в природата"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Познати са около 60 растителни вида, които съдържат кофеин.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Най-разпространените източници са зърната (семената) на кафеените растения <i><a href="/wiki/Coffea_arabica" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffea arabica">Coffea arabica</a></i> и <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coffea_canephora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coffea canephora (страницата не съществува)">Coffea canephora</a></i> (количеството се различава, но обикновено е около 1,3%), листата на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Чай (растение)">чаеното растение</a> и ядките на рода <i><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Кола (растение)">Кола</a></i>. Други източници са <a href="/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Йерба мате">йерба мате</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Гуарана">гуарана</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilex_vomitoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilex vomitoria (страницата не съществува)">Ilex vomitoria</a></i> и <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ilex_guayusa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ilex guayusa (страницата не съществува)">Ilex guayusa</a></i>. </p><p>Кофеинът в растенията действа като естествен <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Пестицид">пестицид</a> – той може да парализира и да убие хищни насекоми, които се хранят с растението.<sup id="cite_ref-insecticide_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-insecticide-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Високи нива на кофеин се намират в младите стръкове кафе, когато те развиват зеленината си и нямат механична защита.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Освен това високи нива на кофеин има в почвата около кафееното растение.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Кофеинът в чаените листа се съхранява на две места: в клетъчните <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Вакуоли">вакуоли</a> заедно с <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Полифенол (страницата не съществува)">полифеноли</a> и в съдовите снопове. </p><p>Различното усещане на ефекта при прием на напитки, произведени от различни растения, съдържащи кофеин, може да се обясни с факта, че тези напитки съдържат и различни смеси от други <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Ксантин">метилксантинови</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Алкалоид">алкалоиди</a>, включително сърдечните стимуланти <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Теофилин">теофилин</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Теобромин">теобромин</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ref-1_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ref-1-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B8%D0%BD&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-alpha-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-alpha_1-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-alpha_1-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%D0%AE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Юлиян Караджов">Юлиян Караджов</a>, <i>Наркотиците – почти всичко за тях</i>. София, Дилок, 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Caballero_Finglas_Toldra_2015-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Caballero_Finglas_Toldra_2015_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFElsevier_Science2015" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O-t9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA561">Encyclopedia of Food and Health</a>.  Elsevier Science, 2015. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9780123849533" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-12-384953-3</a>. с. 561. Посетен на 17 юни 2018.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHOMedList-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WHOMedList_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Health_Organizationоктомври_2013" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/93142/1/EML_18_eng.pdf?ua=1">WHO Model List of Essential Medicines</a>. 18.  World Health Organization, октомври 2013, [април 2013]. с. 38. Посетен на 23 декември 2014.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFмай_2013" class="book" style="font-style:normal">The impact of coffee on health //  <i>Maturitas</i> 75 (1).  май 2013. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.002">10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.002</a>. с. 7 – 21.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qi_2014-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Qi_2014_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFаприл_2014" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Dose-response meta-analysis on coffee, tea and caffeine consumption with risk of Parkinson's disease //  <i>Geriatrics & Gerontology International</i> 14 (2).  април 2014. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12123">10.1111/ggi.12123</a>. с. 430 – 9.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jah2015-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jah2015_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJahanfar2015-06-09" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Jahanfar, Shayesteh и др. Effects of restricted caffeine intake by mother on fetal, neonatal and pregnancy outcomes //  <i>Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews</i> (6).  2015-06-09. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006965.pub4">10.1002/14651858.CD006965.pub4</a>. с. CD006965.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACOG_policy_462_caffeine-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ACOG_policy_462_caffeine_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFавгуст_2010" class="book" style="font-style:normal">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG CommitteeOpinion No. 462: Moderate caffeine consumption during pregnancy //  <i>Obstetrics and Gynecology</i> 116 (2 Pt 1).  август 2010. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181eeb2a1">10.1097/AOG.0b013e3181eeb2a1</a>. с. 467 – 8.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFаприл_1981" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Tolerance to the humoral and hemodynamic effects of caffeine in man //  <i>The Journal of Clinical Investigation</i> 67 (4).  април 1981. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI110124">10.1172/JCI110124</a>. с. 1111 – 7.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHeckman2010" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Heckman, Melanie A. и др. Caffeine (1, 3, 7-trimethylxanthine) in Foods: A Comprehensive Review on Consumption, Functionality, Safety, and Regulatory Matters //  <i>Journal of Food Science</i> 75 (3).  2010. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01561.x">10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01561.x</a>. с. R77–R87.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-solu-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-solu_10-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-solu_10-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMerck_&_Co.,_Inc.1996" class="book" style="font-style:normal">The Merck Index. 12th.  Whitehouse Station, NJ, Merck & Co., Inc., 1996. с. 1674.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn0-7614-2242-0-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-isbn0-7614-2242-0_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBenchmark_Books_(NY)2006" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/factsaboutcaffei0000klos/page/43">The Facts About Caffeine (Drugs)</a>.  Benchmark Books (NY), 2006. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9780761422426" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7614-2242-6</a>. с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/factsaboutcaffei0000klos/page/43">43</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn1-58409-016-2-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-58409-016-2_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBoston_Medical_Publishing_Corp2001" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/organicchemistry0000unse_s1i2">Organic Chemistry Pearls of Wisdom</a>.  Boston Medical Publishing Corp, 2001. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9781584090168" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-58409-016-8</a>. с. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/organicchemistry0000unse_s1i2/page/43">43</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFсептември_2014" class="book" style="font-style:normal">The coffee genome provides insight into the convergent evolution of caffeine biosynthesis //  <i>Science</i> 345 (6201).  септември 2014. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1255274">10.1126/science.1255274</a>. с. 1181 – 4.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFсептември_2016" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Convergent evolution of caffeine in plants by co-option of exapted ancestral enzymes //  <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i> 113 (38).  септември 2016. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1602575113">10.1073/pnas.1602575113</a>. с. 10613 – 8.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF21_септември_2016" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-scientist.com/?articles.view/articleNo/47087/title/How-Plants-Evolved-Different-Ways-to-Make-Caffeine">How Plants Evolved Different Ways to Make Caffeine</a> //  <i>The Scientist</i>.  21 септември 2016.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isbn1-58829-173-1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-isbn1-58829-173-1_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHumana_Press2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Beverages in Nutrition and Health.  Totowa, NJ, Humana Press, 2003. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9781588291738" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-58829-173-8</a>. с. 172.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zajac_2003-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zajac_2003_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF2003" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umich.edu/~chemh215/CHEM216/Honors%20Cup_old/HCProposal/caffeine.pdf">A Novel Method of Caffeine Synthesis from Uracil</a> //  <i>Synthetic Communications</i> 33 (19).  2003. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1081/SCC-120023986">10.1081/SCC-120023986</a>. с. 3291 – 3297.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFTilling" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Tilling, Simon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/webprojects2001/tilling/synthesis.htm">Crystalline Caffeine</a> //   Bristol University. Посетен на 3 август 2009.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sciencedaily-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-sciencedaily_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF15_октомври_2006" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/10/061012185602.htm">Study: Decaf coffee is not caffeine-free</a> //   15 октомври 2006. Посетен на 12 януари 2008.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Decaffeination-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Decaffeination_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGeneral_Chemistry_Online20_септември_2005" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://antoine.frostburg.edu/chem/senese/101/consumer/faq/decaffeinating-coffee.shtml">How is coffee decaffeinated?</a> //   General Chemistry Online, 20 септември 2005. Посетен на 3 август 2009.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBiomedical_Publications2017" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man. 11.  Seal Beach, CA, Biomedical Publications, 2017. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9780692774991" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-692-77499-1</a>. с. 335 – 8.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780334">Which Plants Contain Caffeine?</a></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-insecticide-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-insecticide_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOctober_1984" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://semanticscholar.org/paper/771502b7e19f3f5aed12e6516f6e7fa3bd33a7ab">Caffeine and related methylxanthines: possible naturally occurring pesticides</a> //  <i>Science</i> 226 (4671).  October 1984. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.6207592">10.1126/science.6207592</a>. с. 184 – 7.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF1986" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Purine alkaloid formation in buds and developing leaflets of Coffea arabica: Expression of an optimal defence strategy? //  <i>Phytochemistry</i> 25 (3).  1986. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(86)88009-8">10.1016/0031-9422(86)88009-8</a>. с. 613 – 6.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF1984" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pcp.oxfordjournals.org/content/25/8/1431.abstract">Metabolism and excretion of caffeine during germination of Coffea arabica L</a> //  <i>Plant and Cell Physiology</i> 25 (8).  1984. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076854">10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076854</a>. с. 1431 – 6.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ref-1-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ref-1_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF1998" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Tea: the Plant and its Manufacture; Chemistry and Consumption of the Beverage //  Caffeine Consumption.  1998. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9780429126789" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-429-12678-9</a>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Взето от „<a dir="ltr" href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Кофеин&oldid=12093241">https://bg.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Кофеин&oldid=12093241</a>“.</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Специални:Категории">Категории</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Категория:Алкалоиди">Алкалоиди</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Категория:Стимуланти">Стимуланти</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5" title="Категория:Кафе">Кафе</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Категория:Ксантини">Ксантини</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Скрита категория: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8,_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%89%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B8_ISBN" title="Категория:Страници, използващи вълшебни препратки ISBN">Страници, използващи вълшебни препратки ISBN</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Последната промяна на страницата е извършена на 3 януари 2024 г. в 13:41 ч.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текстът е достъпен под лиценза <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.bg">Creative Commons Признание-Споделяне на споделеното</a>; може да са приложени допълнителни условия. 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