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<!DOCTYPE html> <html > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <meta content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" name="viewport"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs"> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="IEJW_6DCLsauiD5QcLJDspVqMsJVWWqZzNccLvyha8qiXD9v8PlX7tnU1V2bB_X4sA0i74KYGnQnIrrZULv3Dw" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Intuitional Learning" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Philipp Berghofer" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/72461595/Intuitional_Learning" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Intuitional Learning" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Recently, perceptual learning has become a focus of philosophical investigations. This is because the phenomenon of perceptual learning sheds light on the nature of perception. It tells us that the physical objects that are perceived are not the sole" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/10808546/3234964/3807215/s200_philipp.berghofer.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/72461595/Intuitional_Learning" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Intuitional Learning" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Recently, perceptual learning has become a focus of philosophical investigations. This is because the phenomenon of perceptual learning sheds light on the nature of perception. It tells us that the physical objects that are perceived are not the sole" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://uni-graz.academia.edu/PhilippBerghofer" /> <meta name="description" content="Recently, perceptual learning has become a focus of philosophical investigations. This is because the phenomenon of perceptual learning sheds light on the nature of perception. It tells us that the physical objects that are perceived are not the sole" /> <title>(PDF) Intuitional Learning</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/72461595/Intuitional_Learning" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = 'b092bf3a3df71cf13feee7c143e83a57eb6b94fb'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1739822515000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1739822515000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"Recently, perceptual learning has become a focus of philosophical investigations. This is because the phenomenon of perceptual learning sheds light on the nature of perception. It tells us that the physical objects that are perceived are not the sole causes of perceptual states, it reveals that previous experiences shape the way we perceive, and it brings into focus an experience’s phenomenal character. Hence, there is no doubt that perceptual learning has crucial implications for philosophy of mind. Only very recently, however, have researchers begun to investigate whether we can draw genuinely epistemological lessons from perceptual learning. In the first section, we shall see that such epistemological lessons do indeed exist. The rest of the paper is devoted to showing that there are analogous cases of intuitional learning. By discussing simple examples, it is argued that such cases of intuitional learning suggest that intuitions are sui generis mental states, namely experiences that have a distinctive phenomenal character, and that it is this distinctive phenomenal character that makes intuitions a source of immediate justification.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Philipp Berghofer","url":"https://uni-graz.academia.edu/PhilippBerghofer"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2022-02-25","headline":"Intuitional Learning","image":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/81377874/thumbnails/1.jpg","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Epistemology","Phenomenology","Intuition","Phenomenology Of Intuition","Perceptual Learning","phenomenological 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{"work":{"id":72461595,"created_at":"2022-02-25T04:25:57.122-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-21T11:25:06.300-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"Recently, perceptual learning has become a focus of philosophical investigations. This is because the phenomenon of perceptual learning sheds light on the nature of perception. It tells us that the physical objects that are perceived are not the sole causes of perceptual states, it reveals that previous experiences shape the way we perceive, and it brings into focus an experience’s phenomenal character. Hence, there is no doubt that perceptual learning has crucial implications for philosophy of mind. Only very recently, however, have researchers begun to investigate whether we can draw genuinely epistemological lessons from perceptual learning. In the first section, we shall see that such epistemological lessons do indeed exist. The rest of the paper is devoted to showing that there are analogous cases of intuitional learning. By discussing simple examples, it is argued that such cases of intuitional learning suggest that intuitions are sui generis mental states, namely experiences that have a distinctive phenomenal character, and that it is this distinctive phenomenal character that makes intuitions a source of immediate justification."},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"low","language":"en","title":"Intuitional Learning","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [10808546]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":81377874,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Intuitional Learning”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/81377874/mini_magick20220225-19770-o3kep3.png?1645791972" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Intuitional Learning</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10808546" href="https://uni-graz.academia.edu/PhilippBerghofer"><img alt="Profile image of Philipp Berghofer" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/10808546/3234964/3807215/s65_philipp.berghofer.jpg" />Philipp Berghofer</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">30 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 72461595; const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=72461595"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Recently, perceptual learning has become a focus of philosophical investigations. This is because the phenomenon of perceptual learning sheds light on the nature of perception. It tells us that the physical objects that are perceived are not the sole causes of perceptual states, it reveals that previous experiences shape the way we perceive, and it brings into focus an experience’s phenomenal character. Hence, there is no doubt that perceptual learning has crucial implications for philosophy of mind. Only very recently, however, have researchers begun to investigate whether we can draw genuinely epistemological lessons from perceptual learning. In the first section, we shall see that such epistemological lessons do indeed exist. The rest of the paper is devoted to showing that there are analogous cases of intuitional learning. By discussing simple examples, it is argued that such cases of intuitional learning suggest that intuitions are sui generis mental states, namely experiences that have a distinctive phenomenal character, and that it is this distinctive phenomenal character that makes intuitions a source of immediate justification.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":81377874,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/72461595/Intuitional_Learning"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":81377874,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/72461595/Intuitional_Learning"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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In this paper we dispute the idea that perceptual learning enables the preservation of perceptual reasons. We then argue for an alternative view, viz. the view that perceptual learning is epistemically significant insofar as it modifies our perceptual system in such a way as to make us capable of perceiving subtle low-level properties (e.g., lightness) and high-level properties (e.g., chess configurations). Acquiring the capacity to perceive these properties is what enables us to achieve expertise in a variety of subject matters (e.g., chicken sexing, chess playing, and language fluency). Along the way, we argue against two main points in Chudnoff's paper. The first is that, pace Chudnoff, perceptual learning does not result in the acquisition of new facts. It only results in the acquisition of a new perceptual capacity. The second is that experiences resulting from perceptual learning can always serve as immediate justifiers of beliefs and hence do not need supporting background information in order to serve as reasons.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Real Epistemic Significance of Perceptual Learning","attachmentId":54843068,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/32721761/The_Real_Epistemic_Significance_of_Perceptual_Learning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/32721761/The_Real_Epistemic_Significance_of_Perceptual_Learning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="30089105" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/30089105/The_Epistemic_Significance_of_Perceptual_Learning">The Epistemic Significance of Perceptual Learning</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="7331207" href="https://miami.academia.edu/ElijahChudnoff">Elijah Chudnoff</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">First impressions suggest the following contrast between perception and memory: perception generates new beliefs and reasons, justification, or evidence for those beliefs; memory preserves old beliefs and reasons, justification, or evidence for those beliefs. In this paper I argue that reflection on perceptual learning gives us reason to adopt an alternative picture on which perception plays both generative and preservative epistemic roles.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Epistemic Significance of Perceptual Learning","attachmentId":50543021,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/30089105/The_Epistemic_Significance_of_Perceptual_Learning","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/30089105/The_Epistemic_Significance_of_Perceptual_Learning"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="125455903" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/125455903/Experience_and_the_Foundations_of_Perceptual_Knowledge">Experience and the Foundations of Perceptual Knowledge</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="219999" href="https://soton.academia.edu/KurtSylvan">Kurt Sylvan</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Blackwell Companion to Epistemology (Third Edition), 2025</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this paper, I provide new foundations for experientialism about perceptual knowledge, the view that all perceptual knowledge derives from experience. §1 introduces the basic template for experientialism about perceptual knowledge and considers how recent work on perceptual justification encourages giving special attention to less intuitive ways of filling in the template. §2 and §3 draw attention to ways of filling in the template that are more compelling, including versions from the history of epistemology that are still taken seriously elsewhere (e.g., in philosophy of mind and cognitive science). §4 spotlights one neglected kind of approach—anti-Humean experientialism—and highlights some of its attractive features. §5 concludes by noting how anti-Humean experientialism dissolves an influential problem for experientialism that originates in Sellars (1956).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Experience and the Foundations of Perceptual Knowledge","attachmentId":120463941,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125455903/Experience_and_the_Foundations_of_Perceptual_Knowledge","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/125455903/Experience_and_the_Foundations_of_Perceptual_Knowledge"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="65344086" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65344086/On_the_Faculty_of_Intuition">On the Faculty of Intuition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="110811399" href="https://bentley.academia.edu/OliverWaite">Oliver Waite</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The topic of this paper is an investigation of intellectual intuition as a faculty of the human mind. The aim of this investigation is to draw a strong analogy between the faculty of intuition and the various faculties of empirical sense (vision, hearing, and so on). I begin by examining the phenomenology of intuition, highlighting the similarities between the subjective experience of intuition and empirical sense. I explain these similarities by arguing that both activities are alike in being presentational mental activities. Developing the concept of a presentational activity in general, I examine the relationship between presentations and beliefs formed on the basis thereof. I argue that beliefs based on intuition and sense perception enjoy prima facie justification proportional to the quality of that presentation. After explaining how beliefs formed on the basis of intuition can err, I spend some time distinguishing intuition-based beliefs from sense-based beliefs by underscori...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On the Faculty of Intuition","attachmentId":76981980,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65344086/On_the_Faculty_of_Intuition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65344086/On_the_Faculty_of_Intuition"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="10460028" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10460028/The_Epistemic_Force_of_Perceptual_Experience">The Epistemic Force of Perceptual Experience</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="580809" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/SusannaSchellenberg">Susanna Schellenberg</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">What is the metaphysical nature of perceptual experience? What evidence does experience provide us with? These questions are typically addressed in isolation. In order to make progress in answering both questions, perceptual experience needs to be studied in an integrated manner. I develop a unified account of the phenomenological and epistemological role of perceptual experience, by arguing that sensory states provide perceptual evidence due to their metaphysical structure. More specifically, I argue that sensory states are individuated by the perceptual capacities employed and that there is an asymmetric dependence between their employment in perception and their employment in hallucination and illusion. Due to this asymmetric dependence, sensory states provide us with evidence.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Epistemic Force of Perceptual Experience","attachmentId":36492059,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10460028/The_Epistemic_Force_of_Perceptual_Experience","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10460028/The_Epistemic_Force_of_Perceptual_Experience"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="11410846" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11410846/THE_FACULTY_OF_INTUITION">THE FACULTY OF INTUITION</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="27761384" href="https://bloomu.academia.edu/StevenHales">Steven Hales</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Analytic Philosophy, 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE FACULTY OF INTUITION","attachmentId":37193543,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11410846/THE_FACULTY_OF_INTUITION","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11410846/THE_FACULTY_OF_INTUITION"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="2384646" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2384646/The_Epistemology_of_Perception">The Epistemology of Perception </a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1445501" href="https://cornell.academia.edu/NicoSilins">Nico Silins</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">1 We focus on the visual case, leaving it to the reader to consider how the discussion generalizes to other modalities. 2 concerned how the transition from introspective beliefs to external--world beliefs could be rational. 2 In this entry, we assume without argument these positions are mistaken. We begin from the assumption that experiences (such as the one you have when you see the mustard) can justify external world beliefs about the things you see, such as beliefs that the mustard jar is in the fridge, and that the justification experience provides does not have to rely on justification for introspective beliefs. From now on, we often let it remain implicit that we are talking about external world beliefs, when we talk about the kind of beliefs that experiences justify. 3 Our main question is this: what features of experiences explain how they justify external world beliefs? The grammar of the question might suggest that experiences suffice all by themselves to provide justification for external world beliefs. But don't read this into the grammar of the phrase "experiences justify beliefs". We can distinguish between the claim that an experience can justify a belief that P, and the claim that an experience can justify a belief that P without help from other features it only contingently has. We clarify our question further in Part I, where we explain why we have chosen this point of departure, and highlight a range of theses about the role of experience in providing different types of justification. In Parts II and III, we consider the role of features of experience falling into two broad categories: constitutive features of experience, including its phenomenal character, its contents, its status as attentive or inattentive (sections 3--7); and causal features of experience such as its reliability, and the impact of other mental states on its formation (sections 8--10). Along the way, we discuss the relationships between visual experience and seeing (sections 1 and 8), and we contrast perceptual justification and perceptual knowledge (section 9).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Epistemology of Perception ","attachmentId":30880376,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2384646/The_Epistemology_of_Perception","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2384646/The_Epistemology_of_Perception"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="31338171" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31338171/The_evidential_status_of_philosophical_intuition">The evidential status of philosophical intuition</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1509520" href="https://usc.academia.edu/JanetLevin">Janet Levin</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Philosophical Studies, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Philosophers have traditionally held that claims about necessities and possibilities are to be evaluated by consulting our philosophical intuitions; that is, those peculiarly compelling deliverances about possibilities that arise from a serious and reflective attempt to conceive of counterexamples to these claims. But many contemporary philosophers, particularly naturalists, argue that intuitions of this sort are unreliable, citing examples of once-intuitive, but now abandoned, philosophical theses, as well as recent psychological studies that seem to establish the general fallibility of intuition.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The evidential status of philosophical intuition","attachmentId":51723342,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31338171/The_evidential_status_of_philosophical_intuition","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31338171/The_evidential_status_of_philosophical_intuition"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="116294583" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/116294583/Sensory_experience_epistemic_evaluation_and_perceptual_knowledge">Sensory experience, epistemic evaluation and perceptual knowledge</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="71006" href="https://gmu.academia.edu/EmmettHolman">Emmett Holman</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Philosophical Studies, 1975</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button 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L., & Byrge, L. A. (2015). Perceptual Learning. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Perception. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. (pp. 1001-1016).</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="177174" href="https://indiana.academia.edu/RobGoldstone">Diana Ross</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Goldstone, R. L., \u0026 Byrge, L. A. (2015). Perceptual Learning. The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Perception. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 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