CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: Doppler spectrum</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Doppler spectrum"> <meta name="keywords" content="Doppler spectrum"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="Doppler spectrum" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Doppler spectrum"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 467</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Doppler spectrum</h1> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">467</span> The Estimate Rate of Permanent Flow of a Liquid Simulating Blood by Doppler Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malika.D%20Kedir-Talha">Malika.D Kedir-Talha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohammed%20Mehenni"> Mohammed Mehenni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To improve the characterization of blood flows, we propose a method which makes it possible to use the spectral analysis of the Doppler signals. Our calculation induces a reasonable approximation, the error made on estimated speed reflects the fact that speed depends on the flow conditions as well as on measurement parameters like the bore and the volume flow rate. The estimate of the Doppler signal frequency enables us to determine the maximum Doppler frequencie Fd max as well as the maximum flow speed. The results show that the difference between the estimated frequencies ( Fde ) and the Doppler frequencies ( Fd ) is small, this variation tends to zero for important 胃 angles and it is proportional to the diameter D. The description of the speed of friction and the coefficient of friction justify the error rate obtained. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20frequency" title="Doppler frequency">Doppler frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum" title=" Doppler spectrum"> Doppler spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=estimate%20speed" title=" estimate speed"> estimate speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=permanent%20flow." title=" permanent flow."> permanent flow.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12703/the-estimate-rate-of-permanent-flow-of-a-liquid-simulating-blood-by-doppler-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12703/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12703/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12703/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12703/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12703/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12703/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12703/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12703/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12703/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12703/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/12703.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1340</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">466</span> Laser Doppler Flowmetry in Diagnostics of Vascular Lesions in Lower Extremities</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Petr%20V.%20Vasilev">Petr V. Vasilev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Eduard%20V.%20Volkov"> Eduard V. Volkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alexej%20N.%20Godok"> Alexej N. Godok</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Alexej%20A"> Alexej A</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Grischschuk"> Grischschuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vitalij%20A.%20Rybalchenko"> Vitalij A. Rybalchenko</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Laser Doppler flowmetry is a modern method of noninvasive microcirculation investigation. The aim of our study was to use this method in the examination of patients with secondary lymphedema of the lower extremities and obliterating atherosclerosis of lower extremities. In the analysis of the amplitude-frequency spectrum of secondary lymphedema patients we have identified remarkable changes. To describe the changes we used a special amplitude rate. In both of patients groups this rate was significally (p<0.05) different with the control group. So the marker phenomena of the amplitude-frequency spectrum of the LDF signal were identified. It is suggested that there is a limfodynamics contribution to the formation of the output signal of laser Doppler flowmetry. These data have fundamental meaning and are interesting for practical medicine, as they give an opportunity to further developments for the use of laser Doppler flowmetry in the diagnostics and monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=laser%20Doppler%20flowmetry" title="laser Doppler flowmetry">laser Doppler flowmetry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=secondary%20lymphedema%20of%0Athe%20lower%20extremities" title=" secondary lymphedema of the lower extremities"> secondary lymphedema of the lower extremities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=obliterating%20atherosclerosis" title=" obliterating atherosclerosis"> obliterating atherosclerosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=non-invasive%0Adiagnostics." title=" non-invasive diagnostics."> non-invasive diagnostics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14850/laser-doppler-flowmetry-in-diagnostics-of-vascular-lesions-in-lower-extremities" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14850/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14850/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14850/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14850/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14850/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14850/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14850/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14850/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14850/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14850/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/14850.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1732</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">465</span> Automatic Discrimimation of the Modes of Permanent Flow of a Liquid Simulating Blood</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Malika.D%20Kedir-Talha">Malika.D Kedir-Talha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Mohamed%20Mehenni"> Mohamed Mehenni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to be able to automatically differentiate between two modes of permanent flow of a liquid simulating blood, it was imperative to put together a data bank. Thus, the acquisition of the various amplitude spectra of the Doppler signal of this liquid in laminar flow and other spectra in turbulent flow enabled us to establish an automatic difference between the two modes. According to the number of parameters and their nature, a comparative study allowed us to choose the best classifier. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum" title="Doppler spectrum">Doppler spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=flow%20mode" title=" flow mode"> flow mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=pattern%20recognition" title=" pattern recognition"> pattern recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=permanent%20flow." title=" permanent flow."> permanent flow.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10827/automatic-discrimimation-of-the-modes-of-permanent-flow-of-a-liquid-simulating-blood" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10827/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10827/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10827/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10827/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10827/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10827/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10827/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10827/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10827/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10827/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1204</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">464</span> Human Fall Detection by FMCW Radar Based on Time-Varying Range-Doppler Features</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Xiang%20Yu">Xiang Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chuntao%20Feng"> Chuntao Feng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Lu%20Yang"> Lu Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Meiyang%20Song"> Meiyang Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wenhao%20Zhou"> Wenhao Zhou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The existing two-dimensional micro-Doppler features extraction ignores the correlation information between the spatial and temporal dimension features. For the range-Doppler map, the time dimension is introduced, and a frequency modulation continuous wave (FMCW) radar human fall detection algorithm based on time-varying range-Doppler features is proposed. Firstly, the range-Doppler sequence maps are generated from the echo signals of the continuous motion of the human body collected by the radar. Then the three-dimensional data cube composed of multiple frames of range-Doppler maps is input into the three-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3D CNN). The spatial and temporal features of time-varying range-Doppler are extracted by the convolution layer and pool layer at the same time. Finally, the extracted spatial and temporal features are input into the fully connected layer for classification. The experimental results show that the proposed fall detection algorithm has a detection accuracy of 95.66%.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=FMCW%20radar" title="FMCW radar">FMCW radar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fall%20detection" title=" fall detection"> fall detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=3D%20CNN" title=" 3D CNN"> 3D CNN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=time-varying%20range-Doppler%20features." title=" time-varying range-Doppler features."> time-varying range-Doppler features.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012637/human-fall-detection-by-fmcw-radar-based-on-time-varying-range-doppler-features" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012637/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012637/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012637/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012637/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012637/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012637/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012637/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012637/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012637/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012637/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">521</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">463</span> Investigation of the Unbiased Characteristic of Doppler Frequency to Different Antenna Array Geometries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Somayeh%20Komeylian">Somayeh Komeylian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Array signal processing techniques have been recently developing in a variety application of the performance enhancement of receivers by refraining the power of jamming and interference signals. In this scenario, biases induced to the antenna array receiver degrade significantly the accurate estimation of the carrier phase. Owing to the integration of frequency becomes the carrier phase, we have obtained the unbiased doppler frequency for the high precision estimation of carrier phase. The unbiased characteristic of Doppler frequency to the power jamming and the other interference signals allows achieving the highly accurate estimation of phase carrier. In this study, we have rigorously investigated the unbiased characteristic of Doppler frequency to the variation of the antenna array geometries. The simulation results have efficiently verified that the Doppler frequency remains also unbiased and accurate to the variation of antenna array geometries.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Array%20signal%20processing" title="Array signal processing">Array signal processing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unbiased%20Doppler%20frequency" title=" unbiased Doppler frequency"> unbiased Doppler frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GNSS" title=" GNSS"> GNSS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=carrier%20phase" title=" carrier phase"> carrier phase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=slowly%20fluctuating%20point%20target." title=" slowly fluctuating point target. "> slowly fluctuating point target. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/investigation-of-the-unbiased-characteristic-of-doppler-frequency-to-different-antenna-array-geometries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10011713.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">900</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">462</span> Statically Fused Unbiased Converted Measurements Kalman Filter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhengkun%20Guo">Zhengkun Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yanbin%20Li"> Yanbin Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Wenqing%20Wang"> Wenqing Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Bo%20Zou"> Bo Zou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Active radar and sonar systems often report Doppler measurements in addition to the position measurements such as range and bearing. The tracker can perform better by making full use of the Doppler measurements. However, due to the high nonlinearity of the Doppler measurements with respect to the target state in the Cartesian coordinate systems, those measurements are not always fully exploited. This paper mainly focuses on dealing with the Doppler measurements as well as the position measurements in Polar coordinates. The Statically Fused Converted Position and Doppler Measurements Kalman Filter (SF-CMKF) with additive debiased measurement conversion has been presented. However, the exact compensation for the bias of the measurement conversion are multiplicative and depend on the statistics of the cosine of the angle measurement errors. As a result, the consistency and performance of the SF-CMKF may be suboptimal in the large angle error situations. In this paper, the multiplicative unbiased position and Doppler measurement conversion for two-dimensional (Polar-to-Cartesian) tracking are derived, and the SF-CMKF is improved by using those conversion. Monte Carlo simulations are presented to demonstrate the statistic consistency of the multiplicative unbiased conversion and the superior performance of the modified SF-CMKF (SF-UCMKF).</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Measurement%20conversion" title="Measurement conversion">Measurement conversion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler" title=" Doppler"> Doppler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kalman%20filter" title=" Kalman filter"> Kalman filter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=estimation" title=" estimation"> estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=tracking." title=" tracking."> tracking.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012711/statically-fused-unbiased-converted-measurements-kalman-filter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012711/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012711/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012711/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012711/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012711/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012711/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012711/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012711/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012711/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012711/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10012711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">461</span> Non-Invasive Capillary Blood Flow Measurement: Laser Speckle and Laser Doppler</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.K.Jayanthy">A.K.Jayanthy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=N.Sujatha"> N.Sujatha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.Ramasubba%20Reddy"> M.Ramasubba Reddy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microcirculation is essential for the proper supply of oxygen and nutritive substances to the biological tissue and the removal of waste products of metabolism. The determination of blood flow in the capillaries is therefore of great interest to clinicians. A comparison has been carried out using the developed non-invasive, non-contact and whole field laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) based technique and as well as a commercially available laser Doppler blood flowmeter (LDF) to evaluate blood flow at the finger tip and elbow and is presented here. The LSCI technique gives more quantitative information on the velocity of blood when compared to the perfusion values obtained using the LDF. Measurement of blood flow in capillaries can be of great interest to clinicians in the diagnosis of vascular diseases of the upper extremities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Blood%20flow" title="Blood flow">Blood flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Laser%20Doppler%20flowmeter" title=" Laser Doppler flowmeter"> Laser Doppler flowmeter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=LSCI" title=" LSCI"> LSCI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=speckle" title=" speckle"> speckle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7314/non-invasive-capillary-blood-flow-measurement-laser-speckle-and-laser-doppler" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7314/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7314/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7314/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7314/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7314/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7314/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7314/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7314/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7314/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7314/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/7314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">460</span> Error Effects on SAR Image Resolution using Range Doppler Imaging Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Su%20Su%20Yi%20Mon">Su Su Yi Mon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fang%20Jiancheng"> Fang Jiancheng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is an imaging radar form by taking full advantage of the relative movement of the antenna with respect to the target. Through the simultaneous processing of the radar reflections over the movement of the antenna via the Range Doppler Algorithm (RDA), the superior resolution of a theoretical wider antenna, termed synthetic aperture, is obtained. Therefore, SAR can achieve high resolution two dimensional imagery of the ground surface. In addition, two filtering steps in range and azimuth direction provide accurate enough result. This paper develops a simulation in which realistic SAR images can be generated. Also, the effect of velocity errors in the resulting image has also been investigated. Taking some velocity errors into account, the simulation results on the image resolution would be presented. Most of the times, algorithms need to be adjusted for particular datasets, or particular applications.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Synthetic%20Aperture%20Radar%20%28SAR%29" title="Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)">Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Range%20Doppler%0D%0AAlgorithm%20%28RDA%29" title=" Range Doppler Algorithm (RDA)"> Range Doppler Algorithm (RDA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Image%20Resolution." title=" Image Resolution."> Image Resolution.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4388/error-effects-on-sar-image-resolution-using-range-doppler-imaging-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4388/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4388/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4388/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4388/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4388/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4388/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4388/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4388/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4388/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4388/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4388.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3348</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">459</span> Cardiac Function and Morphological Adaptations in Endurance and Resistance Athletes: Evaluation using a new Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=K.%20Hosseini">K. Hosseini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MD."> MD.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.%20Mazaheri"> R. Mazaheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MD."> MD.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.R.%20Khoddami%20Vishteh"> H.R. Khoddami Vishteh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MD."> MD.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.A.%20Mansournia"> M.A. Mansournia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MD."> MD.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.%20Angoorani"> H. Angoorani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MD"> MD</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Tissue Doppler Echocardiography (TDE) assesses diastolic function more accurately than routine pulse Doppler echo. Assessment of the effects of dynamic and static exercises on the heart by using TDE can provides new information about the athlete-s heart syndrome. Methods: This study was conducted on 20 elite wrestlers, 14 endurance runners at national level and 21 non-athletes as the control group. Participants underwent two-dimensional echocardiography, standard Doppler and TDE. Results: Wrestlers had the highest left ventricular mass index, enddiastolic inter-ventricular septum thickness and left ventricular Posterior wall thickness. Runners had the highest Left ventricular end-diastolic volume, LV ejection fraction, stroke volume and cardiac output. In TDE, the early diastolic velocity of mitral annulus to the late diastolic velocity ratio in athletic groups was greater than the controls with no significant difference. Conclusion: In spite of cardiac morphological changes in athletes, TDE shows that cardiac diastolic function won-t be adversely affected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tissue%20Doppler%20Echocardiography" title="Tissue Doppler Echocardiography">Tissue Doppler Echocardiography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diastolic%20function" title=" Diastolic function"> Diastolic function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Athlete%27s%20heart%20syndrome" title=" Athlete's heart syndrome"> Athlete's heart syndrome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Static%20exercise" title=" Static exercise"> Static exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Dynamic%20exercise" title=" Dynamic exercise"> Dynamic exercise</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6417/cardiac-function-and-morphological-adaptations-in-endurance-and-resistance-athletes-evaluation-using-a-new-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6417/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6417/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6417/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6417/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6417/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6417/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6417/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6417/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6417/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6417/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/6417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1616</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">458</span> Performance Evaluation of Qos Parameters in Cognitive Radio Using Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Maninder%20Jeet%20Kaur">Maninder Jeet Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Moin%20Uddin"> Moin Uddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Harsh%20K.%20Verma"> Harsh K. Verma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The efficient use of available licensed spectrum is becoming more and more critical with increasing demand and usage of the radio spectrum. This paper shows how the use of spectrum as well as dynamic spectrum management can be effectively managed and spectrum allocation schemes in the wireless communication systems be implemented and used, in future. This paper would be an attempt towards better utilization of the spectrum. This research will focus on the decision-making process mainly, with an assumption that the radio environment has already been sensed and the QoS requirements for the application have been specified either by the sensed radio environment or by the secondary user itself. We identify and study the characteristic parameters of Cognitive Radio and use Genetic Algorithm for spectrum allocation. Performance evaluation is done using MATLAB toolboxes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cognitive%20Radio" title="Cognitive Radio">Cognitive Radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fitness%20Functions" title=" Fitness Functions"> Fitness Functions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fuzzy%20Logic" title=" Fuzzy Logic"> Fuzzy Logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quality%20of%20Service%20%28QoS%29" title="Quality of Service (QoS)">Quality of Service (QoS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11014/performance-evaluation-of-qos-parameters-in-cognitive-radio-using-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11014/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11014/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11014/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11014/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11014/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11014/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11014/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11014/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11014/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11014/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">457</span> Prediction of Watermelon Consumer Acceptability based on Vibration Response Spectrum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=R.Abbaszadeh">R.Abbaszadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.Rajabipour"> A.Rajabipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.Delshad"> M.Delshad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.J.Mahjub"> M.J.Mahjub</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=H.Ahmadi"> H.Ahmadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is difficult to judge ripeness by outward characteristics such as size or external color. In this paper a nondestructive method was studied to determine watermelon (Crimson Sweet) quality. Responses of samples to excitation vibrations were detected using laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) technology. Phase shift between input and output vibrations were extracted overall frequency range. First and second were derived using frequency response spectrums. After nondestructive tests, watermelons were sensory evaluated. So the samples were graded in a range of ripeness based on overall acceptability (total desired traits consumers). Regression models were developed to predict quality using obtained results and sample mass. The determination coefficients of the calibration and cross validation models were 0.89 and 0.71 respectively. This study demonstrated feasibility of information which is derived vibration response curves for predicting fruit quality. The vibration response of watermelon using the LDV method is measured without direct contact; it is accurate and timely, which could result in significant advantage for classifying watermelons based on consumer opinions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Laser%20Doppler%20vibrometry" title="Laser Doppler vibrometry">Laser Doppler vibrometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Phase%20shift" title=" Phase shift"> Phase shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Overallacceptability" title=" Overallacceptability"> Overallacceptability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Regression%20model" title=" Regression model "> Regression model </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Resonance%20frequency" title="Resonance frequency">Resonance frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Watermelon" title=" Watermelon"> Watermelon</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2289/prediction-of-watermelon-consumer-acceptability-based-on-vibration-response-spectrum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2289/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2289/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2289/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2289/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2289/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2289/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2289/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2289/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2289/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2289/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/2289.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2713</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">456</span> Wavelet-Based Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radios using Hilbert Transform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shiann-Shiun%20Jeng">Shiann-Shiun Jeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jia-Ming%20Chen"> Jia-Ming Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hong-Zong%20Lin"> Hong-Zong Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Chen-Wan%20Tsung"> Chen-Wan Tsung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For cognitive radio networks, there is a major spectrum sensing problem, i.e. dynamic spectrum management. It is an important issue to sense and identify the spectrum holes in cognitive radio networks. The first-order derivative scheme is usually used to detect the edge of the spectrum. In this paper, a novel spectrum sensing technique for cognitive radio is presented. The proposed algorithm offers efficient edge detection. Then, simulation results show the performance of the first-order derivative scheme and the proposed scheme and depict that the proposed scheme obtains better performance than does the first-order derivative scheme. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cognitive%20radio" title="cognitive radio">cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectrum%20Sensing" title=" Spectrum Sensing"> Spectrum Sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wavelet" title=" wavelet"> wavelet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=edgedetection" title=" edgedetection"> edgedetection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1265/wavelet-based-spectrum-sensing-for-cognitive-radios-using-hilbert-transform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1265/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1265/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1265/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1265/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1265/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1265/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1265/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1265/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1265/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1265/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/1265.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2933</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">455</span> Statistical Modeling of Mobile Fading Channels Based on Triply Stochastic Filtered Marked Poisson Point Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Jihad%20S.%20Daba">Jihad S. Daba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=J.%20P.%20Dubois"> J. P. Dubois</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Understanding the statistics of non-isotropic scattering multipath channels that fade randomly with respect to time, frequency, and space in a mobile environment is very crucial for the accurate detection of received signals in wireless and cellular communication systems. In this paper, we derive stochastic models for the probability density function (PDF) of the shift in the carrier frequency caused by the Doppler Effect on the received illuminating signal in the presence of a dominant line of sight. Our derivation is based on a generalized Clarke’s and a two-wave partially developed scattering models, where the statistical distribution of the frequency shift is shown to be consistent with the power spectral density of the Doppler shifted signal.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20shift" title="Doppler shift">Doppler shift</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=filtered%20Poisson%20process" title=" filtered Poisson process"> filtered Poisson process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=generalized%20Clark%E2%80%99s%20model" title=" generalized Clark鈥檚 model"> generalized Clark鈥檚 model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=non-isotropic%20scattering" title=" non-isotropic scattering"> non-isotropic scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=partially%20developed%20scattering" title=" partially developed scattering"> partially developed scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Rician%20distribution." title=" Rician distribution."> Rician distribution.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006413/statistical-modeling-of-mobile-fading-channels-based-on-triply-stochastic-filtered-marked-poisson-point-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006413/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006413/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006413/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006413/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006413/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006413/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006413/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006413/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006413/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006413/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10006413.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">833</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">454</span> Linear Maps That Preserve Left Spectrum of Diagonal Quaternionic Matrices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Geng%20Yuan">Geng Yuan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yiwan%20Guo"> Yiwan Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fahui%20Zhai"> Fahui Zhai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Shuhua%20Zhang"> Shuhua Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we discuss some properties of left spectrum and give the representation of linear preserver map the left spectrum of diagonal quaternionic matrices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quaternionic%20matrix" title="Quaternionic matrix">Quaternionic matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=left%20spectrum" title=" left spectrum"> left spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=linear%20preserver%0D%0Amap." title=" linear preserver map."> linear preserver map.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003230/linear-maps-that-preserve-left-spectrum-of-diagonal-quaternionic-matrices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003230/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003230/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003230/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003230/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003230/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003230/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003230/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003230/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003230/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003230/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003230.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1078</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">453</span> Fast Wavelength Calibration Algorithm for Optical Spectrum Analyzers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thomas%20Fuhrmann">Thomas Fuhrmann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In this paper an algorithm for fast wavelength calibration of Optical Spectrum Analyzers (OSAs) using low power reference gas spectra is proposed. In existing OSAs a reference spectrum with low noise for precise detection of the reference extreme values is needed. To generate this spectrum costly hardware with high optical power is necessary. With this new wavelength calibration algorithm it is possible to use a noisy reference spectrum and therefore hardware costs can be cut. With this algorithm the reference spectrum is filtered and the key information is extracted by segmenting and finding the local minima and maxima. Afterwards slope and offset of a linear correction function for best matching the measured and theoretical spectra are found by correlating the measured with the stored minima. With this algorithm a reliable wavelength referencing of an OSA can be implemented on a microcontroller with a calculation time of less than one second.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=correlation" title="correlation">correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=gas%20reference" title=" gas reference"> gas reference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=optical%20spectrum%20analyzer" title=" optical spectrum analyzer"> optical spectrum analyzer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=wavelength%20calibration" title="wavelength calibration">wavelength calibration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11327/fast-wavelength-calibration-algorithm-for-optical-spectrum-analyzers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11327/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11327/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11327/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11327/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11327/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11327/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11327/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11327/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11327/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11327/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/11327.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1413</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">452</span> Performance of Nakagami Fading Channel over Energy Detection Based Spectrum Sensing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Ranjeeth">M. Ranjeeth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=S.%20Anuradha"> S. Anuradha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>Spectrum sensing is the main feature of cognitive radio technology. Spectrum sensing gives an idea of detecting the presence of the primary users in a licensed spectrum. In this paper we compare the theoretical results of detection probability of different fading environments like Rayleigh, Rician, Nakagami-m fading channels with the simulation results using energy detection based spectrum sensing. The numerical results are plotted as Pf Vs Pd for different SNR values, fading parameters. It is observed that Nakagami fading channel performance is better than other fading channels by using energy detection in spectrum sensing. A MATLAB simulation test bench has been implemented to know the performance of energy detection in different fading channel environment.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectrum%20sensing" title="Spectrum sensing">Spectrum sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Energy%20detection" title=" Energy detection"> Energy detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fading%0D%0Achannels" title=" fading channels"> fading channels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Probability%20of%20detection" title=" Probability of detection"> Probability of detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=probability%20of%20false%20alarm." title=" probability of false alarm."> probability of false alarm.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999732/performance-of-nakagami-fading-channel-over-energy-detection-based-spectrum-sensing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999732/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999732/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999732/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999732/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999732/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999732/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999732/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999732/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999732/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999732/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/9999732.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">3100</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">451</span> Spherical Spectrum Properties of Quaternionic Operators</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Yiwan%20Guo">Yiwan Guo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fahui%20Zhai"> Fahui Zhai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the similarity invariant and the upper semi-continuity of spherical spectrum, and the spherical spectrum properties for infinite direct sums of quaternionic operators are characterized, respectively. As an application of some results established, a concrete example about the computation of the spherical spectrum of a compact quaternionic operator with form of infinite direct sums of quaternionic matrices is also given. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spherical%20spectrum" title="Spherical spectrum">Spherical spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Quaternionic%20operator" title=" Quaternionic operator"> Quaternionic operator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Upper%0D%0Asemi-continuity" title=" Upper semi-continuity"> Upper semi-continuity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Direct%20sum%20of%20operators." title=" Direct sum of operators."> Direct sum of operators.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003650/spherical-spectrum-properties-of-quaternionic-operators" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003650/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003650/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003650/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003650/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003650/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003650/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003650/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003650/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003650/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003650/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10003650.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">450</span> Modern Spectrum Sensing Techniques for Cognitive Radio Networks: Practical Implementation and Performance Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Antoni%20Ivanov">Antoni Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nikolay%20Dandanov"> Nikolay Dandanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Nicole%20Christoff"> Nicole Christoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Vladimir%20Poulkov"> Vladimir Poulkov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spectrum underutilization has made cognitive radio a promising technology both for current and future telecommunications. This is due to the ability to exploit the unused spectrum in the bands dedicated to other wireless communication systems, and thus, increase their occupancy. The essential function, which allows the cognitive radio device to perceive the occupancy of the spectrum, is spectrum sensing. In this paper, the performance of modern adaptations of the four most widely used spectrum sensing techniques namely, energy detection (ED), cyclostationary feature detection (CSFD), matched filter (MF) and eigenvalues-based detection (EBD) is compared. The implementation has been accomplished through the PlutoSDR hardware platform and the GNU Radio software package in very low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) conditions. The optimal detection performance of the examined methods in a realistic implementation-oriented model is found for the common relevant parameters (number of observed samples, sensing time and required probability of false alarm). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cognitive%20radio" title="Cognitive radio">Cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=dynamic%20spectrum%20access" title=" dynamic spectrum access"> dynamic spectrum access</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=GNU%0D%0ARadio" title=" GNU Radio"> GNU Radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectrum%20sensing." title=" spectrum sensing."> spectrum sensing.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009341/modern-spectrum-sensing-techniques-for-cognitive-radio-networks-practical-implementation-and-performance-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009341/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009341/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009341/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009341/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009341/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009341/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009341/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009341/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009341/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009341/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10009341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1172</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">449</span> A General Stochastic Spatial MIMO Channel Model for Evaluating Various MIMO Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fang%20Shu">Fang Shu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Li%20Lihua"> Li Lihua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Zhang%20Ping"> Zhang Ping</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A general stochastic spatial MIMO channel model is proposed for evaluating various MIMO techniques in this paper. It can generate MIMO channels complying with various MIMO configurations such as smart antenna, spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing. The modeling method produces the stochastic fading involving delay spread, Doppler spread, DOA (direction of arrival), AS (angle spread), PAS (power azimuth Spectrum) of the scatterers, antenna spacing and the wavelength. It can be applied in various MIMO technique researches flexibly with low computing complexity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MIMO%20channel" title="MIMO channel">MIMO channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spatial%20Correlation" title=" Spatial Correlation"> Spatial Correlation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=DOA" title=" DOA"> DOA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=AS" title=" AS"> AS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=PAS." title=" PAS."> PAS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/539/a-general-stochastic-spatial-mimo-channel-model-for-evaluating-various-mimo-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/539/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/539/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/539/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/539/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/539/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/539/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/539/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/539/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/539/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/539/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/539.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1678</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">448</span> Comparison of Parameterization Methods in Recognizing Spoken Arabic Digits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ali%20Ganoun">Ali Ganoun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>This paper proposes evaluation of sound parameterization methods in recognizing some spoken Arabic words, namely digits from zero to nine. Each isolated spoken word is represented by a single template based on a specific recognition feature, and the recognition is based on the Euclidean distance from those templates. The performance analysis of recognition is based on four parameterization features: the Burg Spectrum Analysis, the Walsh Spectrum Analysis, the Thomson Multitaper Spectrum Analysis and the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features. The main aim of this paper was to compare, analyze, and discuss the outcomes of spoken Arabic digits recognition systems based on the selected recognition features. The results acqired confirm that the use of MFCC features is a very promising method in recognizing Spoken Arabic digits.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Speech%20Recognition" title="Speech Recognition">Speech Recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectrum%20Analysis" title=" Spectrum Analysis"> Spectrum Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Burg%20Spectrum" title=" Burg Spectrum"> Burg Spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Walsh%20Spectrum%20Analysis" title=" Walsh Spectrum Analysis"> Walsh Spectrum Analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Thomson%20Multitaper%20Spectrum" title=" Thomson Multitaper Spectrum"> Thomson Multitaper Spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MFCC." title=" MFCC."> MFCC.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5922/comparison-of-parameterization-methods-in-recognizing-spoken-arabic-digits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5922/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5922/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5922/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5922/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5922/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5922/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5922/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5922/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5922/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5922/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/5922.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1593</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">447</span> Analysis of Gamma-Ray Spectra Using Levenberg-Marquardt Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20H.%20Fatah">A. H. Fatah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=A.%20H.%20Ahmed"> A. H. Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Levenberg-Marquardt method (LM) was proposed to be applied as a non-linear least-square fitting in the analysis of a natural gamma-ray spectrum that was taken by the Hp (Ge) detector. The Gaussian function that composed of three components, main Gaussian, a step background function and tailing function in the lowenergy side, has been suggested to describe each of the y-ray lines mathematically in the spectrum. The whole spectrum has been analyzed by determining the energy and relative intensity for the strong y-ray lines. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Gamma-Ray" title="Gamma-Ray">Gamma-Ray</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectrum%20analysis" title=" Spectrum analysis"> Spectrum analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Non-linear%20leastsquare%0Afitting." title=" Non-linear leastsquare fitting."> Non-linear leastsquare fitting.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3905/analysis-of-gamma-ray-spectra-using-levenberg-marquardt-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3905/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3905/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3905/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3905/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3905/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3905/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3905/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3905/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3905/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3905/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/3905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">446</span> Monitoring of Spectrum Usage and Signal Identification Using Cognitive Radio</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=O.%20S.%20Omorogiuwa">O. S. Omorogiuwa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=E.%20J.%20Omozusi"> E. J. Omozusi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The monitoring of spectrum usage and signal identification, using cognitive radio, is done to identify frequencies that are vacant for reuse. It has been established that ‘internet of things’ device uses secondary frequency which is free, thereby facing the challenge of interference from other users, where some primary frequencies are not being utilised. The design was done by analysing a specific frequency spectrum, checking if all the frequency stations that range from 87.5-108 MHz are presently being used in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. From the results, it was noticed that by using Software Defined Radio/Simulink, we were able to identify vacant frequencies in the range of frequency under consideration. Also, we were able to use the significance of energy detection threshold to reuse this vacant frequency spectrum, when the cognitive radio displays a zero output (that is decision H0), meaning that the channel is unoccupied. Hence, the analysis was able to find the spectrum hole and identify how it can be reused.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectrum" title="Spectrum">Spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=interference" title=" interference"> interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cognitive%20radio" title=" cognitive radio"> cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=frequency." title=" frequency."> frequency.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010346/monitoring-of-spectrum-usage-and-signal-identification-using-cognitive-radio" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010346/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010346/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010346/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010346/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010346/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010346/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010346/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010346/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010346/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010346/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10010346.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">864</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">445</span> Spread Spectrum Code Estimation by Genetic Algorithm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=V.%20R.%20Asghari">V. R. Asghari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=M.%20Ardebilipour"> M. Ardebilipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the context of spectrum surveillance, a method to recover the code of spread spectrum signal is presented, whereas the receiver has no knowledge of the transmitter-s spreading sequence. The approach is based on a genetic algorithm (GA), which is forced to model the received signal. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are well known for their robustness in solving complex optimization problems. Experimental results show that the method provides a good estimation, even when the signal power is below the noise power. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Code%20estimation" title="Code estimation">Code estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=genetic%20algorithms" title=" genetic algorithms"> genetic algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spread%0Aspectrum." title=" spread spectrum."> spread spectrum.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15117/spread-spectrum-code-estimation-by-genetic-algorithm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15117/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15117/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15117/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15117/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15117/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15117/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15117/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15117/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15117/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15117/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/15117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1571</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">444</span> Reliability Factors Based Fuzzy Logic Scheme for Spectrum Sensing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Tallataf%20Rasheed">Tallataf Rasheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Adnan%20Rashdi"> Adnan Rashdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ahmad%20Naeem%20Akhtar"> Ahmad Naeem Akhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The accurate spectrum sensing is a fundamental requirement of dynamic spectrum access for deployment of Cognitive Radio Network (CRN). To acheive this requirement a Reliability factors based Fuzzy Logic (RFL) Scheme for Spectrum Sensing has been proposed in this paper. Cognitive Radio User (CRU) predicts the presence or absence of Primary User (PU) using energy detector and calculates the Reliability factors which are SNR of sensing node, threshold of energy detector and decision difference of each node with other nodes in a cooperative spectrum sensing environment. Then the decision of energy detector is combined with Reliability factors of sensing node using Fuzzy Logic. These Reliability Factors used in RFL Scheme describes the reliability of decision made by a CRU to improve the local spectrum sensing. This Fuzzy combining scheme provides the accuracy of decision made by sensornode. The simulation results have shown that the proposed technique provide better PU detection probability than existing Spectrum Sensing Techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cognitive%20radio" title="Cognitive radio">Cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectrum%20sensing" title=" spectrum sensing"> spectrum sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=energy%20detector" title=" energy detector"> energy detector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=reliability%20factors" title=" reliability factors"> reliability factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=fuzzy%20logic." title=" fuzzy logic."> fuzzy logic.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/reliability-factors-based-fuzzy-logic-scheme-for-spectrum-sensing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10008593.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1065</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">443</span> An Adaptive Opportunistic Transmission for Unlicensed Spectrum Sharing in Heterogeneous Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Daehyoung%20Kim">Daehyoung Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Pervez%20Khan"> Pervez Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Hoon%20Kim"> Hoon Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Efficient utilization of spectrum resources is a fundamental issue of wireless communications due to its scarcity. To improve the efficiency of spectrum utilization, the spectrum sharing for unlicensed bands is being regarded as one of key technologies in the next generation wireless networks. A number of schemes such as Listen-Before-Talk(LBT) and carrier sensor adaptive transmission (CSAT) have been suggested from this aspect, but more efficient sharing schemes are required for improving spectrum utilization efficiency. This work considers an opportunistic transmission approach and a dynamic Contention Window (CW) adjustment scheme for LTE-U users sharing the unlicensed spectrum with Wi-Fi, in order to enhance the overall system throughput. The decision criteria for the dynamic adjustment of CW are based on the collision evaluation, derived from the collision probability of the system. The overall performance can be improved due to the adaptive adjustment of the CW. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) mechanism of IEEE 802.11 MAC. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectrum%20sharing" title="Spectrum sharing">Spectrum sharing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=adaptive%20opportunistic%20transmission" title=" adaptive opportunistic transmission"> adaptive opportunistic transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=unlicensed%20bands" title=" unlicensed bands"> unlicensed bands</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=heterogeneous%20networks." title=" heterogeneous networks."> heterogeneous networks.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004604/an-adaptive-opportunistic-transmission-for-unlicensed-spectrum-sharing-in-heterogeneous-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004604/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004604/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004604/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004604/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004604/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004604/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004604/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004604/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004604/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004604/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10004604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">442</span> A Cooperative Weighted Discriminator Energy Detector Technique in Fading Environment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Muhammad%20R.%20Alrabeiah">Muhammad R. Alrabeiah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Ibrahim%20S.%20Alnomay"> Ibrahim S. Alnomay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The need in cognitive radio system for a simple, fast, and independent technique to sense the spectrum occupancy has led to the energy detection approach. Energy detector is known by its dependency on noise variation in the system which is one of its major drawbacks. In this paper, we are aiming to improve its performance by utilizing a weighted collaborative spectrum sensing, it is similar to the collaborative spectrum sensing methods introduced previously in the literature. These weighting methods give more improvement for collaborative spectrum sensing as compared to no weighting case. There is two method proposed in this paper: the first one depends on the channel status between each sensor and the primary user while the second depends on the value of the energy measured in each sensor.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cognitive%20radio" title="Cognitive radio">Cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectrum%20sensing" title=" Spectrum sensing"> Spectrum sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Collaborative%20sensors" title=" Collaborative sensors"> Collaborative sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Weighted%20Decisions." title=" Weighted Decisions."> Weighted Decisions.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/a-cooperative-weighted-discriminator-energy-detector-technique-in-fading-environment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/4720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1731</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">441</span> Symbolic Analysis of Power Spectrum of CMOS Cross Couple Oscillator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Kittipong%20Tripetch">Kittipong Tripetch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes for the first time symbolic formula of the power spectrum of CMOS Cross Couple Oscillator and its modified circuit. Many principles existed to derived power spectrum in microwave textbook such as impedance, admittance parameters, ABCD, H parameters, etc. It can be compared by graph of power spectrum which methodology is the best from the point of view of practical measurement setup such as condition of impedance parameter which used superposition of current to derived (its current injection at the other port of the circuit is zero, which is impossible in reality). Four graphs of impedance parameters of cross couple oscillator are proposed. After that four graphs of scattering parameters of CMOS cross coupled oscillator will be shown. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Optimization" title="Optimization">Optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=power%20spectrum" title=" power spectrum"> power spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=impedance%0D%0Aparameter" title=" impedance parameter"> impedance parameter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=scattering%20parameter." title=" scattering parameter."> scattering parameter.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002641/symbolic-analysis-of-power-spectrum-of-cmos-cross-couple-oscillator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002641/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002641/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002641/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002641/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002641/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002641/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002641/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002641/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002641/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002641/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002641.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">440</span> Spectrum Sensing Based On the Cyclostationarity of PU Signals in High Traffic Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Keunhong%20Chae">Keunhong Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Youngpo%20Lee"> Youngpo Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Seokho%20Yoon"> Seokho Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>In cognitive radio (CR) systems, the primary user (PU) signal would randomly depart or arrive during the sensing period of a CR user, which is referred to as the high traffic environment. In this paper, we propose a novel spectrum sensing scheme based on the cyclostationarity of PU signals in high traffic environments. Specifically, we obtain a test statistic by applying an estimate of spectral autocoherence function of the PU signal to the generalized- likelihood ratio. From numerical results, it is confirmed that the proposed scheme provides a better spectrum sensing performance compared with the conventional spectrum sensing scheme based on the energy of the PU signals in high traffic environments.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectrum%20sensing" title="Spectrum sensing">Spectrum sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=cyclostationarity" title=" cyclostationarity"> cyclostationarity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=high%20traffic%20environments." title=" high traffic environments."> high traffic environments.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16679/spectrum-sensing-based-on-the-cyclostationarity-of-pu-signals-in-high-traffic-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16679/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16679/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16679/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16679/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16679/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16679/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16679/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16679/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16679/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16679/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/16679.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">1855</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">439</span> MCDM Spectrum Handover Models for Cognitive Wireless Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cesar%20Hern%C3%A1ndez">Cesar Hern谩ndez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Diego%20Giral"> Diego Giral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Fernando%20Santa"> Fernando Santa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spectrum handover is a significant topic in the cognitive radio networks to assure an efficient data transmission in the cognitive radio user鈥檚 communications. This paper proposes a comparison between three spectrum handover models: VIKOR, SAW and MEW. Four evaluation metrics are used. These metrics are, accumulative average of failed handover, accumulative average of handover performed, accumulative average of transmission bandwidth and, accumulative average of the transmission delay. As a difference with related work, the performance of the three spectrum handover models was validated with captured data of spectrum occupancy in experiments performed at the GSM frequency band (824 MHz - 849 MHz). These data represent the actual behavior of the licensed users for this wireless frequency band. The results of the comparison show that VIKOR Algorithm provides a 15.8% performance improvement compared to SAW Algorithm and, it is 12.1% better than the MEW Algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cognitive%20radio" title="Cognitive radio">Cognitive radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=decision%20making" title=" decision making"> decision making</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=MEW" title=" MEW"> MEW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=SAW" title=" SAW"> SAW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=spectrum%20handover" title=" spectrum handover"> spectrum handover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=VIKOR." title=" VIKOR."> VIKOR.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002749/mcdm-spectrum-handover-models-for-cognitive-wireless-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002749/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002749/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002749/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002749/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002749/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002749/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002749/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002749/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002749/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002749/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10002749.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card publication-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">438</span> Cognitive Radio Spectrum Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Swapnil%20Singhal">Swapnil Singhal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Santosh%20Kumar%20Singh"> Santosh Kumar Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <p>The emerging Cognitive Radio is combo of both the technologies i.e. Radio dynamics and software technology. It involve wireless system with efficient coding, designing, and making them artificial intelligent to take the decision according to the surrounding environment and adopt themselves accordingly, so as to deliver the best QoS. This is the breakthrough from fixed hardware and fixed utilization of the spectrum. This software-defined approach of research is centralized at user-definition and application driven model, various software method are used for the optimization of the wireless communication. This paper focused on the Spectrum allocation technique using genetic algorithm GA to evolve radio, represented by chromosomes. The chromosomes gene represents the adjustable parameters in given radio and by using GA, evolving over the generations, the optimized set of parameters are evolved, as per the requirement of user and availability of the spectrum, in our prototype the gene consist of 6 different parameters, and the best set of parameters are evolved according to the application need and availability of the spectrum holes and thus maintaining best QoS for user, simultaneously maintaining licensed user rights. The analyzing tool Matlab is used for the performance of the prototype.</p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=ASDR" title="ASDR">ASDR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Cognitive%20Radio" title=" Cognitive Radio"> Cognitive Radio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=QoS" title=" QoS"> QoS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Spectrum." title=" Spectrum."> Spectrum.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000549/cognitive-radio-spectrum-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000549/apa" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">APA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000549/bibtex" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">BibTeX</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000549/chicago" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Chicago</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000549/endnote" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">EndNote</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000549/harvard" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Harvard</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000549/json" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">JSON</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000549/mla" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">MLA</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000549/ris" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">RIS</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000549/xml" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">XML</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000549/iso690" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">ISO 690</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/10000549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">2054</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum&page=9">9</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">...</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum&page=15">15</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum&page=16">16</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/search?q=Doppler%20spectrum&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>