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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precautions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Precautions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precautions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Prices </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Lanthanum</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 138 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-138" aria-hidden="true" > 138 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantaan" title="Lantaan – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lantaan" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8B%E1%8A%95%E1%89%B3%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ላንታኒየም – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ላንታኒየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="लैन्थनम – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लैन्थनम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="لانثانوم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لانثانوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanu" title="Lanthanu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Lanthanu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantanu" title="Lantanu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lantanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lantan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Lanthanum" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="ল্যান্থানাম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ল্যান্থানাম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lanthanum" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лянтан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лянтан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="लैंथेनम – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लैंथेनम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantano" title="Lantano – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lantano" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="དང་ལེན་ཐེམ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དང་ལེན་ཐེམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lantan" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantanom" title="Lantanom – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lantanom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantani" title="Lantani – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lantani" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantano" title="Lantano – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lantano" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lanthan" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantaniu" title="Lantaniu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Lantaniu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanwm" title="Lanthanwm – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lanthanwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lanthan" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لانطان – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="لانطان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lanthan" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantaan" title="Lantaan – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lantaan" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λανθάνιο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λανθάνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantano" title="Lantano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lantano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantano" title="Lantano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lantano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantano" title="Lantano – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lantano" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لانتان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لانتان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lanthanum" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthane" title="Lanthane – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lanthane" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantani" title="Lantani – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Lantani" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantanam" title="Lantanam – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lantanam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lantanum" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lantanum" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantano" title="Lantano – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lantano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A5%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%AE" title="લેન્થેનમ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લેન્થેનમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lanthanum" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9E%80%ED%83%80%EB%84%98" title="란타넘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="란타넘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Լանթան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լանթան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="लैन्थनम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लैन्थनम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lantan" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantano" title="Lantano – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lantano" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lantanum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthano" title="Lanthano – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lanthano" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILalamthumbi" title="ILalamthumbi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ILalamthumbi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lantan" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantanio" title="Lantanio – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lantanio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%A0%D7%AA%D7%9F" title="לנתן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לנתן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lantanum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan%C9%A9" title="Lantanɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lantanɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲ್ಯಾಂಥಾನಮ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲ್ಯಾಂಥಾನಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ლანთანი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლანთანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanom" title="Lanthanom – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lanthanom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthani" title="Lanthani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lanthani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lant%C3%A0n" title="Lantàn – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lantàn" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lanthanum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lant%C4%81ns" title="Lantāns – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lantāns" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lanthan" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantanas" title="Lantanas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lantanas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantagno" title="Lantagno – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lantagno" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthaan" title="Lanthaan – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lanthaan" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantanu" title="Lantanu – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Lantanu" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jinmrlantano" title="jinmrlantano – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jinmrlantano" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantanaamu(Lanthanum)" title="Lantanaamu(Lanthanum) – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Lantanaamu(Lanthanum)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lant%C3%A1n" title="Lantán – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lantán" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ലാന്തനം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലാന്തനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="लँथेनम – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लँथेनम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%85" title="لانثانوم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لانثانوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantanum" title="Lantanum – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lantanum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lanthanum" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="လန်သနမ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လန်သနမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthaan" title="Lanthaan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lanthaan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="ल्यान्थानम – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ल्यान्थानम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3" title="ランタン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ランタン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantaan" title="Lantaan – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Lantaan" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lantan" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lantan" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantani" title="Lantani – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lantani" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%AE" title="ଲାନ୍ଥାନମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲାନ୍ଥାନମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan_(kimyoviy_unsur)" title="Lantan (kimyoviy unsur) – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lantan (kimyoviy unsur)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%AE" title="ਲੈਂਥਨਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੈਂਥਨਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="ल्यान्थानम – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="ल्यान्थानम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85" title="لینتھانم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لینتھانم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%90%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="لانتېنيوم – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لانتېنيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantani" title="Lantani – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lantani" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lantan" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lant%C3%A2nio" title="Lantânio – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lantânio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lantan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanu" title="Lanthanu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lanthanu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AE" title="लेन्थेनम – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लेन्थेनम" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lant%C3%A0niu" title="Lantàniu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lantàniu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lanthanum" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Lanthan" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantani" title="Lantani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lantani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantaniu" title="Lantaniu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lantaniu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lanthanum" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lant%C3%A1n" title="Lantán – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lantán" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lantan" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Lanthanum" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%86%D9%85" title="لانتانۆم – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لانتانۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lantan" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantaani" title="Lantaani – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lantaani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lantan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantano" title="Lantano – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lantano" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இலந்தனம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலந்தனம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%82" title="లాంథనం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లాంథనం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="แลนทานัม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แลนทานัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lantan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Лантан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лантан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85" title="لینتھانم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لینتھانم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86" title="لانتان – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لانتان" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantan" title="Lantan – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lantan" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthan" title="Lanthan – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lanthan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%91%AD" title="鑭 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鑭" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantano" title="Lantano – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lantano" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="镧" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Lanthanum" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%91%AD" title="鑭 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鑭" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%A7" title="镧 – 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical element with atomic number 57 (La)</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1158442001">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>.wikitable,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox .periodictable{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data{width:calc(100% - 20px)}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data>div{max-width:100%;overflow:auto}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Lanthanum, 57La</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Lanthanum-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lanthanum-2.jpg/220px-Lanthanum-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lanthanum-2.jpg/330px-Lanthanum-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Lanthanum-2.jpg/440px-Lanthanum-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="708" /></a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#9bff99">Lanthanum</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈlænθənəm/</a> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">LAN-thə-nəm</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Appearance</th><td class="infobox-data">silvery white</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align: left; color:inherit; background: transparent;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">Standard atomic weight</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Ar°(La)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>138.90547±0.00007<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li><li>138.91±0.01 (<a href="/wiki/Standard_atomic_weight#Abridged_atomic_weight" title="Standard atomic weight">abridged</a>)<a href="#cite_note-CIAAW2021-2">[2]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#9bff99">Lanthanum in the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin:0; background:#f8f8f8; color:black;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="periodictable" style="margin:0 auto"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none; width:5px"><div style="background-color:transparent; color:inherit; margin:0; padding:0; text-align:center; border:none;"> <table style="empty-cells:hidden; border:none; padding:0; border-spacing:1px; border-collapse:separate; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">Hydrogen</a> </td> <td colspan="30" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">Helium</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Lithium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Beryllium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">Boron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">Carbon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">Nitrogen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">Oxygen</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">Fluorine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Neon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Magnesium</a> </td> <td colspan="24" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Aluminium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Silicon</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">Sulfur</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Chlorine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Argon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">Potassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> </td> <td colspan="14" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Scandium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Titanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">Vanadium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Chromium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Manganese</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Iron</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Cobalt</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Nickel</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Copper</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zinc</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Gallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Germanium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">Arsenic</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Selenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Bromine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Krypton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rubidium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Strontium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;; width:0;"> </td> <td colspan="13" style="border:none;padding:0;"> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zirconium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Niobium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Molybdenum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Technetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ruthenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rhodium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Palladium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Silver</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cadmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">Indium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Tin</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Antimony</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Tellurium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">Iodine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xenon</a> </td></tr> <tr style="border:none;padding:0;"> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Caesium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Barium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lanthanum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Cerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Promethium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Europium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Terbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dysprosium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Holmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Erbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Thulium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Ytterbium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lutetium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hafnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Tantalum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">Tungsten</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Rhenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Osmium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Iridium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Platinum</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Mercury (element)</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Thallium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Lead</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bismuth</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Polonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">Astatine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Radon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Francium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Radium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Actinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Protactinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">Uranium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Neptunium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Plutonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Americium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Curium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Berkelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Californium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Einsteinium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fermium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Mendelevium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">Nobelium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lawrencium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rutherfordium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Dubnium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Seaborgium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bohrium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hassium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Meitnerium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Darmstadtium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Roentgenium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Copernicium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nihonium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Flerovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Moscovium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Livermorium</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Tennessine</a> </td> <td style="border:none;padding:0;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Oganesson</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; width:10px; border:none;">– ↑ La ↓ <a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="nowrap" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:100%; padding-top:0; padding-bottom:1px; border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">barium</a> ← lanthanum → <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">cerium</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">Atomic number</a> (Z)</th><td class="infobox-data">57</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Group</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/F-block_groups" class="mw-redirect" title="F-block groups">f-block groups</a> (no number)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">period 6</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" title="Block (periodic table)">Block</a></th><td class="infobox-data">  <a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)#f-block" title="Block (periodic table)">f-block</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electron_configuration" title="Electron configuration">Electron configuration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">[<a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a>] 5d1 6s2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Electrons per shell</th><td class="infobox-data">2, 8, 18, 18, 9, 2</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#9bff99">Physical properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Phase_(matter)" title="Phase (matter)">Phase</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">at <a href="/wiki/Standard_temperature_and_pressure" title="Standard temperature and pressure">STP</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solid" title="Solid">solid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">Melting point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1193 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> (920 °C, 1688 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Boiling_point" title="Boiling point">Boiling point</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3737 K (3464 °C, 6267 °F) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Density" title="Density">Density</a> (at 20° C)</th><td class="infobox-data">6.145 g/cm3 <a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">when liquid (at <a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">m.p.</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">5.94 g/cm3 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_fusion" title="Enthalpy of fusion">Heat of fusion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">6.20 <a href="/wiki/Kilojoule_per_mole" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilojoule per mole">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Enthalpy_of_vaporization" title="Enthalpy of vaporization">Heat of vaporization</a></th><td class="infobox-data">400 kJ/mol </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Molar_heat_capacity" title="Molar heat capacity">Molar heat capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">27.11 J/(mol·K) </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Vapor_pressure" title="Vapor pressure">Vapor pressure</a> (extrapolated)<div style="position:relative; margin:0 auto; padding:0; text-align:initial; width:-moz-fit-content;width:-webkit-fit-content;width:fit-content;"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0"> <tbody><tr> <th><abbr title="Pressure">P</abbr> (Pa) </th> <th>1 </th> <th>10 </th> <th>100 </th> <th>1 k </th> <th>10 k </th> <th>100 k </th></tr> <tr> <th>at <abbr title="Temperature">T</abbr> (K) </th> <td>2005 </td> <td>2208 </td> <td>2458 </td> <td>2772 </td> <td>3178 </td> <td>3726 </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#9bff99">Atomic properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">Oxidation states</a></th><td class="infobox-data">common: +3 0,<a href="#cite_note-Cloke1993-4">[4]</a> +1,<a href="#cite_note-LnI-5">[5]</a> +2<a href="#cite_note-GE28-6">[6]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electronegativity" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Pauling scale: 1.10 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ionization_energy" title="Ionization energy">Ionization energies</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1st: 538.1 kJ/mol </li><li>2nd: 1067 kJ/mol </li><li>3rd: 1850.3 kJ/mol </li><li> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_radius" title="Atomic radius">Atomic radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">empirical: 187 <a href="/wiki/Picometre" title="Picometre">pm</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Covalent_radius" title="Covalent radius">Covalent radius</a></th><td class="infobox-data">207±8 pm </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lanthanum_spectrum_visible.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Color lines in a spectral range" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lanthanum_spectrum_visible.png/240px-Lanthanum_spectrum_visible.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lanthanum_spectrum_visible.png/360px-Lanthanum_spectrum_visible.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Lanthanum_spectrum_visible.png/480px-Lanthanum_spectrum_visible.png 2x" data-file-width="7430" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Spectral_line" title="Spectral line">Spectral lines</a> of lanthanum</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#9bff99">Other properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Natural occurrence</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Primordial_nuclide" title="Primordial nuclide">primordial</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Crystal_structure" title="Crystal structure">Crystal structure</a></th><td class="infobox-data">α form: <a href="/wiki/Close-packing_of_equal_spheres" title="Close-packing of equal spheres">double hexagonal close-packed</a> (dhcp) (<a href="/wiki/Pearson_symbol" title="Pearson symbol">hP4</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Lattice_constant" title="Lattice constant">Lattice constants</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="float:right;"><a href="/wiki/File:Hexagonal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Double hexagonal close packed crystal structure for α form: lanthanum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/50px-Hexagonal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/75px-Hexagonal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Hexagonal.svg/100px-Hexagonal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="304" /></a></div>a = 0.37742 nm c = 1.2171 nm (at 20 °C)<a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coefficient_of_thermal_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Coefficient of thermal expansion">Thermal expansion</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5.1×10−6/K (at 20 °C)<a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal conductivity">Thermal conductivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">13.4 W/(m⋅K) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Electrical_resistivity_and_conductivity" title="Electrical resistivity and conductivity">Electrical resistivity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">α, poly: 615 nΩ⋅m (at <a href="/wiki/Room_temperature" title="Room temperature">r.t.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetism" title="Magnetism">Magnetic ordering</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paramagnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramagnetic">paramagnetic</a><a href="#cite_note-magnet-8">[7]</a> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_susceptibility" title="Magnetic susceptibility">Molar magnetic susceptibility</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+118.0×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Young%27s_modulus" title="Young's modulus">Young's modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">α form: 36.6 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Shear_modulus" title="Shear modulus">Shear modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">α form: 14.3 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Bulk_modulus" title="Bulk modulus">Bulk modulus</a></th><td class="infobox-data">α form: 27.9 GPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Speed_of_sound" title="Speed of sound">Speed of sound</a> thin rod</th><td class="infobox-data">2475 m/s (at 20 °C) </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Poisson%27s_ratio" title="Poisson's ratio">Poisson ratio</a></th><td class="infobox-data">α form: 0.280 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mohs_scale_of_mineral_hardness" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohs scale of mineral hardness">Mohs hardness</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2.5 </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vickers_hardness_test" title="Vickers hardness test">Vickers hardness</a></th><td class="infobox-data">360–1750 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Brinell_hardness_test" class="mw-redirect" title="Brinell hardness test">Brinell hardness</a></th><td class="infobox-data">350–400 MPa </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/CAS_Registry_Number" title="CAS Registry Number">CAS Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">7439-91-0 </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#9bff99">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of chemical element discoveries">Discovery</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Mosander" title="Carl Gustaf Mosander">Carl Gustaf Mosander</a> (1838)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color:inherit; background:#9bff99"><a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lanthanum" title="Isotopes of lanthanum">Isotopes of lanthanum</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_lanthanum_isotopes" title="Template:Infobox lanthanum isotopes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_lanthanum_isotopes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox lanthanum isotopes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; margin: 0; padding: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3">Main isotopes<a href="#cite_note-NUBASE2020-10">[9]</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay" title="Radioactive decay">Decay</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_abundance" title="Natural abundance">abundance</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(t1/2) </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Radioactive_decay#Types_of_decay" title="Radioactive decay">mode</a> </th> <th style="padding: 0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Decay_product" title="Decay product">product</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">137La </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_radioisotope" title="Synthetic radioisotope">synth</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">6×104 y </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Electron_capture" title="Electron capture">ε</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Barium-137" class="mw-redirect" title="Barium-137">137Ba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align: top;">138La </th> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">0.089% </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">1.03×1011 y </td> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;">ε </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Barium-138" class="mw-redirect" title="Barium-138">138Ba</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: top;"><a href="/wiki/Beta_minus_decay" class="mw-redirect" title="Beta minus decay">β−</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium-138" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium-138">138Ce</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="1" style="vertical-align: top;">139La </th> <td rowspan="1" colspan="1" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: right;">99.911% </td> <td rowspan="1" colspan="3" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Stable_isotope" class="mw-redirect" title="Stable isotope">stable</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint" style="color:inherit; background:#9bff99"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Lanthanum" title="Category:Lanthanum">Category: Lanthanum</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Infobox_lanthanum" title="Template:Infobox lanthanum">view</a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Infobox_lanthanum" title="Template talk:Infobox lanthanum">talk</a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox_lanthanum" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Infobox lanthanum">edit</a></li></ul></div> | <a href="/wiki/List_of_data_references_for_chemical_elements" title="List of data references for chemical elements">references</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Lanthanum is a <a href="/wiki/Chemical_element" title="Chemical element">chemical element</a>; it has <a href="/wiki/Symbol_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbol (chemistry)">symbol</a> La and <a href="/wiki/Atomic_number" title="Atomic number">atomic number</a> 57. It is a <a href="/wiki/Hardness" title="Hardness">soft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ductility" title="Ductility">ductile</a>, silvery-white <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metal</a> that tarnishes slowly when exposed to air. It is the eponym of the <a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">lanthanide</a> series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and <a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">lutetium</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">periodic table</a>, of which lanthanum is the first and the prototype. Lanthanum is traditionally counted among the <a href="/wiki/Rare_earth_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare earth element">rare earth elements</a>. Like most other rare earth elements, its usual <a href="/wiki/Oxidation_state" title="Oxidation state">oxidation state</a> is +3, although some compounds are known with an oxidation state of +2. Lanthanum has no biological role in humans but is essential to some bacteria. It is not particularly toxic to humans but does show some antimicrobial activity. Lanthanum usually occurs together with <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">cerium</a> and the other rare earth elements. Lanthanum was first found by the Swedish chemist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Mosander" title="Carl Gustaf Mosander">Carl Gustaf Mosander</a> in 1839 as an impurity in <a href="/wiki/Cerium_nitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium nitrate">cerium nitrate</a> – hence the name lanthanum, from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">ancient Greek</a> λανθάνειν (lanthanein), meaning 'to lie hidden'. Although it is classified as a rare earth element, lanthanum is the 28th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, almost three times as abundant as <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a>. In minerals such as <a href="/wiki/Monazite" title="Monazite">monazite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bastn%C3%A4site" title="Bastnäsite">bastnäsite</a>, lanthanum composes about a quarter of the lanthanide content.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> It is extracted from those minerals by a process of such complexity that pure lanthanum metal was not isolated until 1923. Lanthanum compounds have numerous applications including <a href="/wiki/Catalysis" title="Catalysis">catalysts</a>, additives in glass, carbon arc lamps for studio lights and projectors, ignition elements in <a href="/wiki/Lighter" title="Lighter">lighters</a> and torches, <a href="/wiki/Hot_cathode" title="Hot cathode">electron cathodes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scintillator" title="Scintillator">scintillators</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gas_tungsten_arc_welding" title="Gas tungsten arc welding">gas tungsten arc welding</a> electrodes. <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_carbonate" title="Lanthanum carbonate">Lanthanum carbonate</a> is used as a <a href="/wiki/Phosphate_binder" title="Phosphate binder">phosphate binder</a> to treat <a href="/wiki/Hyperphosphatemia" title="Hyperphosphatemia">high levels of phosphate in the blood</a> accompanied by <a href="/wiki/Kidney_failure" title="Kidney failure">kidney failure</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical">Physical</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Physical">edit</a>]</div> Lanthanum is the first element and prototype of the lanthanide series. In the periodic table, it appears to the right of the <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">alkaline earth metal</a> <a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">barium</a> and to the left of the lanthanide cerium. Lanthanum is generally considered the first of the f-block elements by authors writing on the subject.<a href="#cite_note-Fluck-12">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jensen1982-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jensen2015-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> The 57 electrons of a lanthanum atom are arranged in the <a href="/wiki/Electron_configuration" title="Electron configuration">configuration</a> [Xe]5d16s2, with three valence electrons outside the noble gas core. In chemical reactions, lanthanum almost always gives up these three valence electrons from the 5d and 6s <a href="/wiki/Electron_shell#Subshells" title="Electron shell">subshells</a> to form the +3 oxidation state, achieving the stable configuration of the preceding noble gas <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1106-17">[16]</a> Some lanthanum(II) compounds are also known, but they are usually much less stable.<a href="#cite_note-patnaik-18">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[18]</a> Lanthanum monoxide (LaO) produces strong absorption bands in some <a href="/wiki/Stellar_spectra" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellar spectra">stellar spectra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Among the lanthanides, lanthanum is exceptional as it has no 4f electrons as a single gas-phase atom. Thus it is only very weakly <a href="/wiki/Paramagnetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramagnetic">paramagnetic</a>, unlike the strongly paramagnetic later lanthanides (with the exceptions of the last two, <a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">ytterbium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">lutetium</a>, where the 4f shell is completely full).<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> However, the 4f shell of lanthanum can become partially occupied in chemical environments and participate in chemical bonding.<a href="#cite_note-Wittig-22">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> For example, the melting points of the trivalent lanthanides (all but <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a> and ytterbium) are related to the extent of hybridisation of the 6s, 5d, and 4f electrons (lowering with increasing 4f involvement),<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> and lanthanum has the second-lowest melting point among them: 920 °C. (Europium and ytterbium have lower melting points because they delocalise about two electrons per atom rather than three.)<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> This chemical availability of f orbitals justifies lanthanum's placement in the f-block despite its anomalous ground-state configuration<a href="#cite_note-Hamilton-26">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-JensenLr-27">[26]</a> (which is merely the result of strong interelectronic repulsion making it less profitable to occupy the 4f shell, as it is small and close to the core electrons).<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> The lanthanides become harder as the series is traversed: as expected, lanthanum is a soft metal. Lanthanum has a relatively high <a href="/wiki/Resistivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistivity">resistivity</a> of 615 nΩm at room temperature; in comparison, the value for the good conductor aluminium is only 26.50 nΩm.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1429-29">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-CRC-30">[29]</a> Lanthanum is the least volatile of the lanthanides.<a href="#cite_note-radio-31">[30]</a> Like most of the lanthanides, lanthanum has a <a href="/wiki/Hexagonal_crystal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexagonal crystal system">hexagonal crystal structure</a> at room temperature (α-La). At 310 °C, lanthanum changes to a <a href="/wiki/Face-centered_cubic" class="mw-redirect" title="Face-centered cubic">face-centered cubic</a> structure (β-La), and at 865 °C, it changes to a <a href="/wiki/Body-centered_cubic" class="mw-redirect" title="Body-centered cubic">body-centered cubic</a> structure (γ-La).<a href="#cite_note-CRC-30">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemical">Chemical</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Chemical">edit</a>]</div> As expected from <a href="/wiki/Periodic_trend" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodic trend">periodic trends</a>, lanthanum has the largest <a href="/wiki/Atomic_radius" title="Atomic radius">atomic radius</a> of the lanthanides. Hence, it is the most reactive among them, tarnishing quite rapidly in air, turning completely dark after several hours and can readily burn to form <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum(III) oxide">lanthanum(III) oxide</a>, La 2O 3, which is almost as <a href="/wiki/Basic_(chemistry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic (chemistry)">basic</a> as <a href="/wiki/Calcium_oxide" title="Calcium oxide">calcium oxide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> A centimeter-sized sample of lanthanum will corrode completely in a year as its oxide <a href="/wiki/Spallation" title="Spallation">spalls</a> off like iron <a href="/wiki/Rust" title="Rust">rust</a>, instead of forming a protective oxide coating like <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>, scandium, yttrium, and lutetium.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> Lanthanum reacts with the <a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">halogens</a> at room temperature to form the trihalides, and upon warming will form <a href="/wiki/Binary_compound" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary compound">binary compounds</a> with the nonmetals nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, phosphorus, boron, selenium, silicon and arsenic.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1106-17">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-patnaik-18">[17]</a> Lanthanum reacts slowly with water to form <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_hydroxide" title="Lanthanum hydroxide">lanthanum(III) hydroxide</a>, La(OH) 3.<a href="#cite_note-webelements-34">[33]</a> In dilute <a href="/wiki/Sulfuric_acid" title="Sulfuric acid">sulfuric acid</a>, lanthanum readily forms the aquated tripositive ion [La(H 2O) 9]3+ : This is colorless in aqueous solution since La3+ has no d or f electrons.<a href="#cite_note-webelements-34">[33]</a> Lanthanum is the strongest and <a href="/wiki/HSAB_theory" title="HSAB theory">hardest</a> base among the <a href="/wiki/Rare_earth_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare earth element">rare earth elements</a>, which is again expected from its being the largest of them.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1434-35">[34]</a> Some lanthanum(II) compounds are also known, but they are much less stable.<a href="#cite_note-patnaik-18">[17]</a> Therefore, in officially naming compounds of lanthanum its oxidation number always is to be mentioned. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isotopes">Isotopes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Isotopes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lanthanum_stable_nucleus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Lanthanum_stable_nucleus.png/280px-Lanthanum_stable_nucleus.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Lanthanum_stable_nucleus.png/420px-Lanthanum_stable_nucleus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Lanthanum_stable_nucleus.png/560px-Lanthanum_stable_nucleus.png 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>Excerpt from the <a href="/wiki/Chart_of_nuclides" class="mw-redirect" title="Chart of nuclides">chart of nuclides</a> showing stable isotopes (black) from barium ( Z = 56 ) to neodymium ( Z = 60 )</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Isotopes_of_lanthanum" title="Isotopes of lanthanum">Isotopes of lanthanum</a></div> Naturally occurring lanthanum is made up of two isotopes, the stable 139 La and the <a href="/wiki/Primordial_nuclide" title="Primordial nuclide">primordial long-lived radioisotope</a> 138 La. 139 La is by far the most abundant, making up 99.910% of natural lanthanum: it is produced in the <a href="/wiki/S-process" title="S-process">s-process</a> (slow <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutron</a> capture, which occurs in low- to medium-mass stars) and the <a href="/wiki/R-process" title="R-process">r-process</a> (rapid neutron capture, which occurs in core-collapse <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernovae</a>). It is the only stable isotope of lanthanum.<a href="#cite_note-Audi-36">[35]</a> The very rare isotope 138 La is one of the few primordial <a href="/wiki/Odd%E2%80%93odd_nuclei" class="mw-redirect" title="Odd–odd nuclei">odd–odd nuclei</a>, with a long half-life of 1.05×1011 years. It is one of the proton-rich <a href="/wiki/P-nuclei" title="P-nuclei">p-nuclei</a> which cannot be produced in the <a href="/wiki/S-process" title="S-process">s-</a> or <a href="/wiki/R-process" title="R-process">r-processes</a>. 138 La, along with the even rarer <a href="/wiki/Tantalum-180m" class="mw-redirect" title="Tantalum-180m">180m Ta</a>, is produced in the ν-process, where <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrinos</a> interact with stable nuclei.<a href="#cite_note-nu-process-37">[36]</a> All other lanthanum isotopes are <a href="/wiki/Synthetic_radioisotope" title="Synthetic radioisotope">synthetic</a>: With the exception of 137 La with a half-life of about 60,000 years, all of them have half-lives less than two days, and most have half-lives less than a minute. The isotopes 139 La and 140 La occur as <a href="/wiki/Fission_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Fission product">fission products</a> of uranium.<a href="#cite_note-Audi-36">[35]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compounds">Compounds</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Compounds">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_oxide" title="Lanthanum oxide">Lanthanum oxide</a> is a white solid that can be prepared by direct reaction of its constituent elements. Due to the large size of the La3+ ion, La 2O 3 adopts a hexagonal 7-coordinate structure that changes to the 6-coordinate structure of <a href="/wiki/Scandium_oxide" title="Scandium oxide">scandium oxide</a> (Sc 2O 3) and <a href="/wiki/Yttrium(III)_oxide" title="Yttrium(III) oxide">yttrium oxide</a> (Y 2O 3) at high temperature. When it reacts with water, <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_hydroxide" title="Lanthanum hydroxide">lanthanum hydroxide</a> is formed:<a href="#cite_note-Shkolnikov2009-38">[37]</a> a lot of heat is evolved in the reaction and a hissing sound is heard. Lanthanum hydroxide will react with atmospheric <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> to form the basic carbonate.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1107-39">[38]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_fluoride" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum fluoride">Lanthanum fluoride</a> is insoluble in water and can be used as a <a href="/wiki/Qualitative_inorganic_analysis" title="Qualitative inorganic analysis">qualitative</a> test for the presence of La3+ . The heavier halides are all very soluble <a href="/wiki/Deliquescent" class="mw-redirect" title="Deliquescent">deliquescent</a> compounds. The anhydrous halides are produced by direct reaction of their elements, as heating the hydrates causes hydrolysis: for example, heating hydrated LaCl 3 produces LaOCl.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1107-39">[38]</a> Lanthanum reacts exothermically with hydrogen to produce the dihydride LaH 2, a black, <a href="/wiki/Pyrophoricity" title="Pyrophoricity">pyrophoric</a>, brittle, conducting compound with the <a href="/wiki/Calcium_fluoride" title="Calcium fluoride">calcium fluoride</a> structure.<a href="#cite_note-Fukai-40">[39]</a> This is a non-stoichiometric compound, and further absorption of hydrogen is possible, with a concomitant loss of electrical conductivity, until the more salt-like LaH 3 is reached. Like LaI 2 and LaI, LaH 2 is probably an <a href="/wiki/Electride" title="Electride">electride</a> compound.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1107-39">[38]</a> Due to the large ionic radius and great electropositivity of La3+ , there is not much covalent contribution to its bonding and hence it has a limited <a href="/wiki/Coordination_chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordination chemistry">coordination chemistry</a>, like yttrium and the other lanthanides.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1108-41">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_oxalate" title="Lanthanum oxalate">Lanthanum oxalate</a> does not dissolve very much in alkali-metal oxalate solutions, and [La(acac) 3(H 2O) 2] decomposes around 500 °C. Oxygen is the most common <a href="/wiki/Donor_atom" class="mw-redirect" title="Donor atom">donor atom</a> in lanthanum complexes, which are mostly ionic and often have high coordination numbers over 6 : 8 is the most characteristic, forming <a href="/wiki/Square_antiprism" title="Square antiprism">square antiprismatic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snub_disphenoid" title="Snub disphenoid">dodecadeltahedral</a> structures. These high-coordinate species, reaching up to coordination number 12 with the use of <a href="/wiki/Chelating_ligand" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelating ligand">chelating ligands</a> such as in La 2(SO 4) 3· 9(H 2O), often have a low degree of symmetry because of stereo-chemical factors.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1108-41">[40]</a> Lanthanum chemistry tends not to involve π-bonding due to the electron configuration of the element: thus its organometallic chemistry is quite limited. The best characterized organolanthanum compounds are the <a href="/wiki/Cyclopentadienyl_complex" title="Cyclopentadienyl complex">cyclopentadienyl complex</a> La(C 5H 5) 3, which is produced by reacting anhydrous LaCl 3 with NaC 5H 5 in <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrofuran" title="Tetrahydrofuran">tetrahydrofuran</a>, and its methyl-substituted derivatives.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1110-42">[41]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg/220px-Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg/330px-Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg/440px-Mosander_Carl_Gustav_bw.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="1902" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Mosander" title="Carl Gustaf Mosander">Carl Gustaf Mosander</a>, the scientist who discovered lanthanum as well as <a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">terbium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">erbium</a></figcaption></figure> In 1751, the Swedish mineralogist <a href="/wiki/Axel_Fredrik_Cronstedt" title="Axel Fredrik Cronstedt">Axel Fredrik Cronstedt</a> discovered a heavy mineral from the mine at <a href="/wiki/Bastn%C3%A4s" title="Bastnäs">Bastnäs</a>, later named <a href="/wiki/Cerite" title="Cerite">cerite</a>. Thirty years later, the fifteen-year-old <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Hisinger" title="Wilhelm Hisinger">Wilhelm Hisinger</a>, from the family owning the mine, sent a sample of it to <a href="/wiki/Carl_Scheele" class="mw-redirect" title="Carl Scheele">Carl Scheele</a>, who did not find any new elements within. In 1803, after Hisinger had become an ironmaster, he returned to the mineral with <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius">Jöns Jacob Berzelius</a> and isolated a new oxide which they named ceria after the <a href="/wiki/Dwarf_planet" title="Dwarf planet">dwarf planet</a> <a href="/wiki/Ceres_(dwarf_planet)" title="Ceres (dwarf planet)">Ceres</a>, which had been discovered two years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> Ceria was simultaneously independently isolated in Germany by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Heinrich_Klaproth" title="Martin Heinrich Klaproth">Martin Heinrich Klaproth</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1424-44">[43]</a> Between 1839 and 1843, ceria was shown to be a mixture of oxides by the Swedish surgeon and chemist <a href="/wiki/Carl_Gustaf_Mosander" title="Carl Gustaf Mosander">Carl Gustaf Mosander</a>, who lived in the same house as Berzelius and studied under him: he separated out two other oxides which he named lanthana and <a href="/wiki/Didymium" title="Didymium">didymia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Weeks-45">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-XI-46">[45]</a> He partially decomposed a sample of <a href="/wiki/Cerium_nitrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Cerium nitrate">cerium nitrate</a> by roasting it in air and then treating the resulting oxide with dilute <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-48">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[47]</a> That same year, <a href="/wiki/Axel_Erdmann" title="Axel Erdmann">Axel Erdmann</a>, a student also at the Karolinska Institute, discovered lanthanum in a new mineral from Låven island located in a Norwegian fjord. Finally, Mosander explained his delay, saying that he had extracted a second element from cerium, and this he called didymium. Although he did not realise it, didymium too was a mixture, and in 1885 it was separated into praseodymium and neodymium. Since lanthanum's properties differed only slightly from those of cerium, and occurred along with it in its salts, he named it from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> λανθάνειν [lanthanein] (lit. to lie hidden).<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1424-44">[43]</a> Relatively pure lanthanum metal was first isolated in 1923.<a href="#cite_note-patnaik-18">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence_and_production">Occurrence and production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Occurrence and production">edit</a>]</div> Lanthanum makes up 39 mg/kg of the Earth's crust,<a href="#cite_note-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[49]</a> behind <a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">neodymium</a> at 41.5 mg/kg and cerium at 66.5 mg/kg. Despite being among the so-called "rare earth metals", lanthanum is thus not rare at all, but it is historically so-named because it is rarer than "common earths" such as lime and magnesia, and at the time it was recognized only a few deposits were known. Lanthanum is also ruefully considered a 'rare earth' metal because the process to mine it is difficult, time-consuming, and expensive.<a href="#cite_note-patnaik-18">[17]</a> Lanthanum is rarely the dominant lanthanide found in the rare earth minerals, and in their chemical formulae it is usually preceded by cerium. Rare examples of La-dominant minerals are monazite-(La) and lanthanite-(La).<a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monazite_acid_cracking_process.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Monazite_acid_cracking_process.svg/660px-Monazite_acid_cracking_process.svg.png" decoding="async" width="660" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Monazite_acid_cracking_process.svg/990px-Monazite_acid_cracking_process.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Monazite_acid_cracking_process.svg/1320px-Monazite_acid_cracking_process.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1160" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Production of Lanthanum from Monazite sand</figcaption></figure> The La3+ ion is similarly sized to the early lanthanides of the cerium group (those up to <a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">samarium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">europium</a>) that immediately follow in the periodic table, and hence it tends to occur along with them in <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silicate" title="Silicate">silicate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carbonate" title="Carbonate">carbonate</a> minerals, such as <a href="/wiki/Monazite" title="Monazite">monazite</a> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1123817410">.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su{display:inline-block;font-size:80%;line-height:1;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output .template-chem2-su>span{display:block;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output sub.template-chem2-sub{font-size:80%;vertical-align:-0.35em}.mw-parser-output sup.template-chem2-sup{font-size:80%;vertical-align:0.65em}</style>MIIIPO4) and <a href="/wiki/Bastn%C3%A4site" title="Bastnäsite">bastnäsite</a> (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410">MIIICO3F), where M refers to all the rare earth metals except scandium and the radioactive <a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">promethium</a> (mostly Ce, La, and Y).<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> Bastnäsite is usually lacking in <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">thorium</a> and the heavy lanthanides, and the purification of the light lanthanides from it is less involved. The ore, after being crushed and ground, is first treated with hot concentrated sulfuric acid, evolving carbon dioxide, <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">hydrogen fluoride</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Silicon_tetrafluoride" title="Silicon tetrafluoride">silicon tetrafluoride</a>: the product is then dried and leached with water, leaving the early lanthanide ions, including lanthanum, in solution.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1426-54">[52]</a> The procedure for monazite, which usually contains all the rare earths as well as thorium, is more involved. Monazite, because of its magnetic properties, can be separated by repeated electromagnetic separation. After separation, it is treated with hot concentrated sulfuric acid to produce water-soluble sulfates of rare earths. The acidic filtrates are partially neutralized with <a href="/wiki/Sodium_hydroxide" title="Sodium hydroxide">sodium hydroxide</a> to pH 3–4. Thorium precipitates out of solution as hydroxide and is removed. After that, the solution is treated with <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_oxalate" title="Ammonium oxalate">ammonium oxalate</a> to convert rare earths to their insoluble <a href="/wiki/Oxalate" title="Oxalate">oxalates</a>. The oxalates are converted to oxides by annealing. The oxides are dissolved in nitric acid that excludes one of the main components, <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">cerium</a>, whose oxide is insoluble in HNO 3. Lanthanum is separated as a double salt with ammonium nitrate by crystallization. This salt is relatively less soluble than other rare earth double salts and therefore stays in the residue.<a href="#cite_note-patnaik-18">[17]</a> Care must be taken when handling some of the residues as they contain <a href="/wiki/Radium-228" class="mw-redirect" title="Radium-228">228 Ra</a>, the daughter of 232 Th, which is a strong gamma emitter. Lanthanum is relatively easy to extract as it has only one neighbouring lanthanide, cerium, which can be removed by making use of its ability to be oxidised to the +4 state; thereafter, lanthanum may be separated out by the historical method of <a href="/wiki/Fractional_crystallization_(chemistry)" title="Fractional crystallization (chemistry)">fractional crystallization</a> of La(NO 3) 3· 2 NH 4NO 3· 4 H 2O, or by <a href="/wiki/Ion-exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion-exchange">ion-exchange</a> techniques when higher purity is desired.<a href="#cite_note-Greenwood1426-54">[52]</a> Lanthanum metal is obtained from its oxide by heating it with <a href="/wiki/Ammonium_chloride" title="Ammonium chloride">ammonium chloride</a> or fluoride and hydrofluoric acid at 300–400 °C to produce the chloride or fluoride:<a href="#cite_note-patnaik-18">[17]</a> <dl><dd>La 2O 3 + 6 NH 4Cl → 2 LaCl 3 + 6 NH 3 + 3 H 2O</dd></dl> This is followed by reduction with alkali or alkaline earth metals in vacuum or argon atmosphere:<a href="#cite_note-patnaik-18">[17]</a> <dl><dd>LaCl 3 + 3 Li → La + 3 LiCl</dd></dl> Also, pure lanthanum can be produced by electrolysis of molten mixture of anhydrous LaCl 3 and NaCl or KCl at elevated temperatures.<a href="#cite_note-patnaik-18">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Applications">Applications</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Applications">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glowing_gas_mantle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Glowing_gas_mantle.jpg/220px-Glowing_gas_mantle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Glowing_gas_mantle.jpg/330px-Glowing_gas_mantle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Glowing_gas_mantle.jpg/440px-Glowing_gas_mantle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1017" data-file-height="1059" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Coleman_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Coleman Company">Coleman</a> <a href="/wiki/White_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="White gas">white gas</a> lantern mantle burning at full brightness</figcaption></figure> The first historical application of lanthanum was in gas lantern <a href="/wiki/Gas_mantle" title="Gas mantle">mantles</a>. <a href="/wiki/Carl_Auer_von_Welsbach" title="Carl Auer von Welsbach">Carl Auer von Welsbach</a> used a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_oxide" title="Lanthanum oxide">lanthanum oxide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zirconium_dioxide" title="Zirconium dioxide">zirconium oxide</a>, which he called Actinophor and patented in 1886. The original mantles gave a green-tinted light and were not very successful, and his first company, which established a factory in <a href="/wiki/Atzgersdorf" title="Atzgersdorf">Atzgersdorf</a> in 1887, failed in 1889.<a href="#cite_note-55">[53]</a> Modern uses of lanthanum include: <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LaB6HotCathode.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/LaB6HotCathode.jpg/220px-LaB6HotCathode.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/LaB6HotCathode.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>LaB 6 hot cathode</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>One material used for anodic material of <a href="/wiki/Nickel%E2%80%93metal_hydride_battery" title="Nickel–metal hydride battery">nickel–metal hydride batteries</a> is La(Ni 3.6Mn 0.4Al 0.3Co 0.7). Due to high cost to extract the other lanthanides, a <a href="/wiki/Mischmetal" title="Mischmetal">mischmetal</a> with more than 50% of lanthanum is used instead of pure lanthanum. The compound is an <a href="/wiki/Intermetallics" class="mw-redirect" title="Intermetallics">intermetallic</a> component of the AB 5 type.<a href="#cite_note-56">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/NiMH" class="mw-redirect" title="NiMH">NiMH</a> batteries can be found in many models of the <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Prius" title="Toyota Prius">Toyota Prius</a> sold in the US. These larger nickel-metal hydride batteries require massive quantities of lanthanum for the production. The 2008 Toyota Prius NiMH battery requires 10 to 15 kilograms (22 to 33 lb) of lanthanum. As engineers push the technology to increase fuel efficiency, twice that amount of lanthanum could be required per vehicle.<a href="#cite_note-58">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[58]</a></li> <li>Hydrogen sponge alloys can contain lanthanum. These alloys are capable of storing up to 400 times their own volume of hydrogen gas in a reversible adsorption process. Heat energy is released every time they do so; therefore these alloys have possibilities in energy conservation systems.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[59]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mischmetal" title="Mischmetal">Mischmetal</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pyrophoric" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrophoric">pyrophoric</a> alloy used in lighter flints, contains 25% to 45% lanthanum.<a href="#cite_note-CRC_81st-62">[60]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_oxide" title="Lanthanum oxide">Lanthanum oxide</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_hexaboride" title="Lanthanum hexaboride">boride</a> are used in electronic <a href="/wiki/Vacuum_tube" title="Vacuum tube">vacuum tubes</a> as <a href="/wiki/Hot_cathode" title="Hot cathode">hot cathode</a> materials with strong emissivity of <a href="/wiki/Electron" title="Electron">electrons</a>. Crystals of <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_hexaboride" title="Lanthanum hexaboride">LaB 6</a> are used in high-brightness, extended-life, thermionic electron emission sources for <a href="/wiki/Electron_microscope" title="Electron microscope">electron microscopes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hall-effect_thruster" title="Hall-effect thruster">Hall-effect thrusters</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_trifluoride" title="Lanthanum trifluoride">Lanthanum trifluoride</a> (LaF 3) is an essential component of a heavy fluoride glass named <a href="/wiki/ZBLAN" title="ZBLAN">ZBLAN</a>. This glass has superior transmittance in the infrared range and is therefore used for fiber-optical communication systems.<a href="#cite_note-rutg-64">[62]</a></li> <li>Cerium-doped <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_bromide" title="Lanthanum(III) bromide">lanthanum bromide</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_chloride" title="Lanthanum(III) chloride">lanthanum chloride</a> are the recent inorganic <a href="/wiki/Scintillator" title="Scintillator">scintillators</a>, which have a combination of high light yield, best energy resolution, and fast response. Their high yield converts into superior energy resolution; moreover, the light output is very stable and quite high over a very wide range of temperatures, making it particularly attractive for high-temperature applications. These scintillators are already widely used commercially in detectors of <a href="/wiki/Neutrons" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrons">neutrons</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gamma_rays" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma rays">gamma rays</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[63]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_arc_lamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon arc lamp">Carbon arc lamps</a> use a mixture of rare earth elements to improve the light quality. This application, especially by the <a href="/wiki/Film" title="Film">motion picture</a> industry for studio lighting and projection, consumed about 25% of the rare-earth compounds produced until the phase out of carbon arc lamps.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-30">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[64]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_oxide" class="mw-redirect" title="Lanthanum(III) oxide">Lanthanum(III) oxide</a> (La 2O 3) improves the alkali resistance of <a href="/wiki/Glass" title="Glass">glass</a> and is used in making special optical glasses, such as infrared-absorbing glass, as well as <a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">camera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Telescope" title="Telescope">telescope</a> <a href="/wiki/Lens_(optics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lens (optics)">lenses</a>, because of the high <a href="/wiki/Refractive_index" title="Refractive index">refractive index</a> and low dispersion of rare-earth glasses.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-30">[29]</a> Lanthanum oxide is also used as a grain-growth additive during the liquid-phase <a href="/wiki/Sintering" title="Sintering">sintering</a> of <a href="/wiki/Silicon_nitride" title="Silicon nitride">silicon nitride</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zirconium_diboride" title="Zirconium diboride">zirconium diboride</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[65]</a></li> <li>Small amounts of lanthanum added to <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a> improves its <a href="/wiki/Malleability" class="mw-redirect" title="Malleability">malleability</a>, resistance to impact, and <a href="/wiki/Ductility" title="Ductility">ductility</a>, whereas addition of lanthanum to <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a> decreases its hardness and sensitivity to temperature variations.<a href="#cite_note-CRC-30">[29]</a></li> <li>Small amounts of lanthanum are present in many pool products to remove the phosphates that feed algae.<a href="#cite_note-68">[66]</a></li> <li>Lanthanum oxide additive to tungsten is used in <a href="/wiki/Gas_tungsten_arc_welding" title="Gas tungsten arc welding">gas tungsten arc welding</a> electrodes, as a substitute for <a href="/wiki/Radioactive" class="mw-redirect" title="Radioactive">radioactive</a> thorium.<a href="#cite_note-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[68]</a></li> <li>Various compounds of lanthanum and other rare-earth elements (oxides, chlorides, <a href="/wiki/Lanthanide_trifluoromethanesulfonates" title="Lanthanide trifluoromethanesulfonates">triflates</a>, etc.) are components of various catalysis, such as <a href="/wiki/Petroleum_cracking" class="mw-redirect" title="Petroleum cracking">petroleum cracking</a> <a href="/wiki/Catalyst" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalyst">catalysts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[69]</a></li> <li>Lanthanum-barium <a href="/wiki/Radiometric_dating" title="Radiometric dating">radiometric dating</a> is used to estimate age of rocks and ores, though the technique has limited popularity.<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_carbonate" title="Lanthanum carbonate">Lanthanum carbonate</a> was approved as a medication (Fosrenol, <a href="/wiki/Shire_Pharmaceuticals" class="mw-redirect" title="Shire Pharmaceuticals">Shire Pharmaceuticals</a>) to absorb excess <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a> in cases of <a href="/wiki/Hyperphosphatemia" title="Hyperphosphatemia">hyperphosphatemia</a> seen in <a href="/wiki/End-stage_kidney_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="End-stage kidney disease">end-stage kidney disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fosrenol-73">[71]</a></li> <li>Lanthanum fluoride is used in phosphor lamp coatings. Mixed with europium fluoride, it is also applied in the crystal membrane of <a href="/wiki/Fluoride_selective_electrode" title="Fluoride selective electrode">fluoride ion-selective electrodes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-patnaik-18">[17]</a></li> <li>Like <a href="/wiki/Horseradish_peroxidase" title="Horseradish peroxidase">horseradish peroxidase</a>, lanthanum is used as an <a href="/wiki/Electron_density" title="Electron density">electron-dense tracer</a> in <a href="/wiki/Molecular_biology" title="Molecular biology">molecular biology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a></li> <li>Lanthanum-modified bentonite (or <a href="/wiki/Phoslock" title="Phoslock">phoslock</a>) is used to remove phosphates from water in lake treatments.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a></li> <li>Lanthanum telluride (La 3Te 4) is considered to be applied in the field of radioisotope power system (nuclear power plant) due to its significant conversion capabilities. The transmuted elements and isotopes in the segment will not react with the material itself, thus presenting no harm to the safety of the power plant. Though iodine, which can be generated during transmutation, is suspected to react with La 3Te 4 segment, the quantity of iodine is small enough to pose no threat to the power system.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biological_role">Biological role</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Biological role">edit</a>]</div> Lanthanum has no known biological role in humans. The element is very poorly absorbed after oral administration and when injected its elimination is very slow. <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_carbonate" title="Lanthanum carbonate">Lanthanum carbonate</a> (Fosrenol) was approved as a <a href="/wiki/Phosphate_binder" title="Phosphate binder">phosphate binder</a> to absorb excess phosphate in cases of <a href="/wiki/End_stage_renal_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="End stage renal disease">end stage renal disease</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fosrenol-73">[71]</a> While lanthanum has pharmacological effects on several receptors and ion channels, its specificity for the <a href="/wiki/Gamma-Aminobutyric_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-Aminobutyric acid">GABA</a> receptor is unique among trivalent cations. Lanthanum acts at the same modulatory site on the <a href="/wiki/GABA_receptor" title="GABA receptor">GABA receptor</a> as <a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">zinc</a>, a known negative <a href="/wiki/Allosteric" class="mw-redirect" title="Allosteric">allosteric</a> modulator. The lanthanum cation La3+ is a positive allosteric modulator at native and recombinant GABA receptors, increasing open channel time and decreasing desensitization in a subunit configuration dependent manner.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> Lanthanum is an essential cofactor for the methanol dehydrogenase of the <a href="/wiki/Methanotrophic" class="mw-redirect" title="Methanotrophic">methanotrophic</a> bacterium <a href="/wiki/Methylacidiphilum_fumariolicum" title="Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum">Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum</a> SolV, although the great chemical similarity of the lanthanides means that it may be substituted with cerium, praseodymium, or neodymium without ill effects, and with the smaller samarium, europium, or gadolinium giving no side effects other than slower growth.<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precautions">Precautions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Precautions">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1084375498">.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox{border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td,.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox th{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-chembox td+td{width:60%}</style> <table class="infobox ib-chembox"> <caption>Lanthanum </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background: #f8eaba; text-align: center;">Hazards </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left; background-color:#eaeaea;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">GHS labelling</a>: </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_pictograms" title="GHS hazard pictograms">Pictograms</a></div> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GHS02: Flammable"><img alt="GHS02: Flammable" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/50px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/75px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg/100px-GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Globally_Harmonized_System_of_Classification_and_Labelling_of_Chemicals#Signal_word" title="Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals">Signal word</a></div> </td> <td>Danger </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_hazard_statements" title="GHS hazard statements">Hazard statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="H260: In contact with water releases flammable gases which may ignite spontaneously">H260</abbr> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding-left:1em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/GHS_precautionary_statements" title="GHS precautionary statements">Precautionary statements</a></div> </td> <td><abbr class="abbr" title="P223: Do not allow contact with water.">P223</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P231+P232: Handle and store contents under inert gas. Protect from moisture">P231+P232</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P370+P378: In case of fire: Use ... to extinguish.">P370+P378</abbr>, <abbr class="abbr" title="P422: Store contents under ...">P422</abbr><a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704" title="NFPA 704">NFPA 704</a> (fire diamond) </td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1170367383">.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-ref{float:right;padding:1px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container{width:82px;font-family:sans-serif;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-container-ref{float:left;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-images{float:left;font-size:20px;text-align:center;position:relative;height:80px;width:80px;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-map{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond .noresize{margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code{line-height:1em;text-align:center;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-code>a{color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-blue{width:13px;top:31px;left:15px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-red{width:12px;top:12px;left:35px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-yellow{width:13px;top:31px;left:54px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-image{position:relative;top:51px;left:0}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text{vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;line-height:80%;position:absolute;top:52px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-text a>span{position:absolute;color:black}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wors{font-size:15px;width:23px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-wox{font-size:15px;font-stretch:condensed;width:21px;line-height:80%;top:-4px;left:29px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-abcp{font-size:13.5px;font-stretch:condensed;width:28px;left:26px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-ac{font-size:10px;width:30px;left:25px}.mw-parser-output .nfpa-704-diamond-white-strike{text-decoration:line-through}</style><div class="nfpa-704-diamond notheme"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-container"><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-images nounderlines"> <div class="nfpa-704-diamond-map"><figure class="noresize" typeof="mw:File"><img alt="NFPA 704 four-colored diamond" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/80px-NFPA_704.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/120px-NFPA_704.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/NFPA_704.svg/160px-NFPA_704.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" usemap="#ImageMap_d2a7d97df96d0dbf" /><map name="ImageMap_d2a7d97df96d0dbf"><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" shape="poly" coords="23,23,47,47,23,70,0,47" alt="Health 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g. sodium chloride" title="Health 0: Exposure under fire conditions would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material. E.g. sodium chloride" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" shape="poly" coords="47,0,70,23,47,47,23,23" alt="Flammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propane" title="Flammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propane" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" shape="poly" coords="70,23,94,47,70,70,47,47" alt="Instability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorus" title="Instability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorus" /><area href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" shape="poly" coords="47,47,70,70,47,94,23,70" alt="Special hazard W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner. E.g. sodium, sulfuric acid" title="Special hazard W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner. E.g. sodium, sulfuric acid" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-blue"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Blue" title="NFPA 704">0</a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-red"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Red" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Flammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propane" class="notheme mw-no-invert">4</a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-code nfpa-704-diamond-yellow"> <a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#Yellow" title="NFPA 704"><span title="Instability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorus" class="notheme mw-no-invert">2</a></div><div class="nfpa-704-diamond-white-text mw-no-invert"><a href="/wiki/NFPA_704#White" title="NFPA 704">W</a></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Chemical compound</div> Lanthanum has a low to moderate level of toxicity and should be handled with care. The injection of lanthanum solutions produces <a href="/wiki/Hyperglycemia" title="Hyperglycemia">hyperglycemia</a>, low blood pressure, degeneration of the <a href="/wiki/Spleen" title="Spleen">spleen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liver" title="Liver">hepatic</a> alterations.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The application in carbon arc light led to the exposure of people to rare earth element oxides and fluorides, which sometimes led to <a href="/wiki/Pneumoconiosis" title="Pneumoconiosis">pneumoconiosis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> As the La3+ ion is similar in size to the Ca2+ ion, it is sometimes used as an easily traced substitute for the latter in medical studies.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley-82">[80]</a> Lanthanum, like the other lanthanides, is known to affect human metabolism, lowering cholesterol levels, blood pressure, appetite, and risk of blood coagulation. When injected into the brain, it acts as a painkiller, similarly to <a href="/wiki/Morphine" title="Morphine">morphine</a> and other opiates, though the mechanism behind this is still unknown.<a href="#cite_note-Emsley-82">[80]</a> Lanthanum meant for ingestion, typically as a chewable tablet or oral powder, can interfere with gastrointestinal (GI) imaging by creating opacities throughout the GI tract; if chewable tablets are swallowed whole, they will dissolve but present initially as coin-shaped opacities in the stomach, potentially confused with ingested metal objects such as coins or batteries.<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prices">Prices</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Prices">edit</a>]</div> The price for a (metric) ton [1000 kg] of Lanthanum oxide 99% (FOB China in USD/Mt) is given by the Institute of Rare Earths Elements and Strategic Metals (IREESM) as below $2,000 for most of the period from early 2001 to September 2010 (at $10,000 in the short term in 2008); it rose steeply to $140,000 in mid-2011 and fell back just as rapidly to $38,000 by early 2012.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> The average price for the last six months (April–September 2022) is given by the IREESM as follows: Lanthanum Oxide - 99.9%min FOB China - 1308 EUR/mt and for Lanthanum Metal - 99%min FOB China - 3706 EUR/mt.<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> The thermal expansion of α-La is <a href="/wiki/Anisotropy" title="Anisotropy">anisotropic</a>: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are αa = 2.9×10−6/K, αc = 9.5×10−6/K, and αaverage = αV/3 = 5.1×10−6/K.<a href="#cite_note-Arblaster_2018-3">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> From <a href="#CITEREFBerzelius1839a">Berzelius (1839a)</a>, p. 356: <dl><dd>"L'oxide de cérium, extrait de la cérite par la procédé ordinaire, contient à peu près les deux cinquièmes de son poids de l'oxide du nouveau métal qui ne change que peu les propriétés du cérium, et qui s'y tient pour ainsi dire caché. Cette raison a engagé M. Mosander à donner au nouveau métal le nom de Lantane." <dl><dd></dd></dl></dd> <dd>[ The oxide of cerium, extracted from cerite by the usual procedure, contains almost two fifths of its weight in the oxide of the new metal, which differs only slightly from the properties of cerium, and which is held in it so to speak "hidden". This reason motivated Mr. Mosander to give to the new metal the name Lantane. ]<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a></dd></dl> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ciaaw.org/lanthanum.htm">"Standard Atomic Weights: Lanthanum"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Isotopic_Abundances_and_Atomic_Weights" title="Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights">CIAAW</a>. 2005.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Standard+Atomic+Weights%3A+Lanthanum&rft.pub=CIAAW&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciaaw.org%2Flanthanum.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIAAW2021-2"><a href="#cite_ref-CIAAW2021_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProhaskaIrrgeherBenefieldBöhlke2022" class="citation journal cs1">Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (4 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/pac-2019-0603/html">"Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)"</a>. Pure and Applied Chemistry. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603">10.1515/pac-2019-0603</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1365-3075">1365-3075</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Standard+atomic+weights+of+the+elements+2021+%28IUPAC+Technical+Report%29&rft.date=2022-05-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603&rft.issn=1365-3075&rft.aulast=Prohaska&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Irrgeher%2C+Johanna&rft.au=Benefield%2C+Jacqueline&rft.au=B%C3%B6hlke%2C+John+K.&rft.au=Chesson%2C+Lesley+A.&rft.au=Coplen%2C+Tyler+B.&rft.au=Ding%2C+Tiping&rft.au=Dunn%2C+Philip+J.+H.&rft.au=Gr%C3%B6ning%2C+Manfred&rft.au=Holden%2C+Norman+E.&rft.au=Meijer%2C+Harro+A.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2Fpac-2019-0603%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arblaster_2018-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arblaster_2018_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arblaster_2018_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arblaster_2018_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arblaster_2018_3-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArblaster2018" class="citation book cs1">Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62708-155-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62708-155-9"><bdi>978-1-62708-155-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selected+Values+of+the+Crystallographic+Properties+of+Elements&rft.place=Materials+Park%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=ASM+International&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-62708-155-9&rft.aulast=Arblaster&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cloke1993-4"><a href="#cite_ref-Cloke1993_4-0">^</a> Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCloke1993" class="citation journal cs1">Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2FCS9932200017">10.1039/CS9932200017</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chem.+Soc.+Rev.&rft.atitle=Zero+Oxidation+State+Compounds+of+Scandium%2C+Yttrium%2C+and+the+Lanthanides&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=17-24&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2FCS9932200017&rft.aulast=Cloke&rft.aufirst=F.+Geoffrey+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnoldPetrukhinaBochenkovShabatina2003" class="citation journal cs1">Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (15 December 2003). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jorganchem.2003.08.028">10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Organometallic+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Arene+complexation+of+Sm%2C+Eu%2C+Tm+and+Yb+atoms%3A+a+variable+temperature+spectroscopic+investigation&rft.volume=688&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=49-55&rft.date=2003-12-15&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.jorganchem.2003.08.028&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Polly+L.&rft.au=Petrukhina%2C+Marina+A.&rft.au=Bochenkov%2C+Vladimir+E.&rft.au=Shabatina%2C+Tatyana+I.&rft.au=Zagorskii%2C+Vyacheslav+V.&rft.au=Cloke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LnI-5"><a href="#cite_ref-LnI_5-0">^</a> La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB8− clusters; see <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiChenChenLi2021" class="citation journal cs1">Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8578558">"Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes"</a>. Nature Communications. 12 (1): 6467. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41467-021-26785-9">10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8578558">8578558</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34753931">34753931</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&rft.atitle=Monovalent+lanthanide%28I%29+in+borozene+complexes&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=6467&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8578558%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34753931&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41467-021-26785-9&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=Wan-Lu&rft.au=Chen%2C+Teng-Teng&rft.au=Chen%2C+Wei-Jia&rft.au=Li%2C+Jun&rft.au=Wang%2C+Lai-Sheng&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8578558&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GE28-6"><a href="#cite_ref-GE28_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Greenwood" title="Norman Greenwood">Greenwood, Norman N.</a>; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Butterworth-Heinemann" title="Butterworth-Heinemann">Butterworth-Heinemann</a>. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037941-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-037941-8"><bdi>978-0-08-037941-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.pages=28&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-08-037941-8&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Norman+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-magnet-8"><a href="#cite_ref-magnet_8-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLide,_D._R.2005" class="citation book cs1">Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303222309/http://www-d0.fnal.gov/hardware/cal/lvps_info/engineering/elementmagn.pdf">CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics</a> (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8493-0486-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8493-0486-5"><bdi>0-8493-0486-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Magnetic+susceptibility+of+the+elements+and+inorganic+compounds&rft.btitle=CRC+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics&rft.place=Boca+Raton+%28FL%29&rft.edition=86th&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8493-0486-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20110303222309%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww-d0.fnal.gov%2Fhardware%2Fcal%2Flvps_info%2Fengineering%2Felementmagn.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeast1984" class="citation book cs1">Weast, Robert (1984). 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American Chemical Society (ACS): 345–357. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fic102028d">10.1021/ic102028d</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0020-1669">0020-1669</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21141834">21141834</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inorganic+Chemistry&rft.atitle=Covalent+lanthanide+chemistry+near+the+limit+of+weak+bonding%3A+Observation+of+%3Cspan+class%3D%22chemf+nowrap%22%3E%28CpSiMe%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22display%3Ainline-block%3Bmargin-bottom%3A-0.3em%3Bvertical-align%3A-0.4em%3Bline-height%3A1em%3Bfont-size%3A80%25%3Btext-align%3Aleft%22%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E%3Cbr+%2F%3E%3Csub+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%29%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22display%3Ainline-block%3Bmargin-bottom%3A-0.3em%3Bvertical-align%3A-0.4em%3Bline-height%3A1em%3Bfont-size%3A80%25%3Btext-align%3Aleft%22%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E%3Cbr+%2F%3E%3Csub+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ECe%E2%88%92ECp%2A%3C%2Fspan%3E+and+a+comprehensive+density+functional+theory+analysis+of+%3Cspan+class%3D%22chemf+nowrap%22%3ECp%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E%3Cspan+style%3D%22display%3Ainline-block%3Bmargin-bottom%3A-0.3em%3Bvertical-align%3A-0.4em%3Bline-height%3A1em%3Bfont-size%3A80%25%3Btext-align%3Aleft%22%3E%3Csup+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E%3C%2Fsup%3E%3Cbr+%2F%3E%3Csub+style%3D%22font-size%3Ainherit%3Bline-height%3Ainherit%3Bvertical-align%3Abaseline%22%3E3%3C%2Fsub%3E%3C%2Fspan%3E%3C%2Fspan%3ELn%E2%88%92ECp%3C%2Fspan%3E+%28E+%3D+Al%2C+Ga%29&rft.volume=50&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=345-357&rft.date=2010-12-08&rft.issn=0020-1669&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21141834&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fic102028d&rft.aulast=Krinsky&rft.aufirst=Jamin+L.&rft.au=Minasian%2C+Stefan+G.&rft.au=Arnold%2C+John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGschneidner2016" class="citation book cs1">Gschneidner, Karl A., Jr. (2016). 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Vol. 50. pp. 12–16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-444-63851-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-444-63851-9"><bdi>978-0-444-63851-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=282+Systematics&rft.btitle=Handbook+on+the+Physics+and+Chemistry+of+Rare+Earths&rft.pages=12-16&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-444-63851-9&rft.aulast=Gschneidner&rft.aufirst=Karl+A.%2C+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishnamurthyGupta2004" class="citation book cs1">Krishnamurthy, Nagaiyar; Gupta, Chiranjib Kumar (2004). 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Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 140 (4): 403–5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10517-005-0503-z">10.1007/s10517-005-0503-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16671565">16671565</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:13179025">13179025</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+Experimental+Biology+and+Medicine&rft.atitle=Lanthanum+potentiates+GABA-activated+currents+in+rat+pyramidal+neurons+of+CA1+hippocampal+field&rft.volume=140&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=403-5&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A13179025%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16671565&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10517-005-0503-z&rft.aulast=Boldyreva&rft.aufirst=A.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolBarendsDietlKhadem2013" class="citation journal cs1">Pol, Arjan; Barends, Thomas R.M.; Dietl, Andreas; Khadem, Ahmad F.; Eygensteyn, Jelle; Jetten, Mike S. M.; Op Den Camp, Huub J. M. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.ubn.ru.nl//bitstream/handle/2066/128108/128108.pdf">"Rare earth metals are essential for methanotrophic life in volcanic mudpots"</a> (PDF). Environmental Microbiology. 16 (1): 255–64. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EnvMi..16..255P">2014EnvMi..16..255P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1462-2920.12249">10.1111/1462-2920.12249</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24034209">24034209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Microbiology&rft.atitle=Rare+earth+metals+are+essential+for+methanotrophic+life+in+volcanic+mudpots&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=255-64&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24034209&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2F1462-2920.12249&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014EnvMi..16..255P&rft.aulast=Pol&rft.aufirst=Arjan&rft.au=Barends%2C+Thomas+R.M.&rft.au=Dietl%2C+Andreas&rft.au=Khadem%2C+Ahmad+F.&rft.au=Eygensteyn%2C+Jelle&rft.au=Jetten%2C+Mike+S.+M.&rft.au=Op+Den+Camp%2C+Huub+J.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.ubn.ru.nl%2F%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F2066%2F128108%2F128108.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/261130">"Lanthanum 261130"</a>. Sigma-Aldrich.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sigma-Aldrich&rft.atitle=Lanthanum+261130&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sigmaaldrich.com%2Fcatalog%2Fproduct%2Faldrich%2F261130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDufresneKrierMullerCase1994" class="citation journal cs1">Dufresne, A.; Krier, G.; Muller, J.; Case, B.; Perrault, G. (1994). "Lanthanide particles in the lung of a printer". Science of the Total Environment. 151 (3): 249–252. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994ScTEn.151..249D">1994ScTEn.151..249D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0048-9697%2894%2990474-X">10.1016/0048-9697(94)90474-X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8085148">8085148</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+of+the+Total+Environment&rft.atitle=Lanthanide+particles+in+the+lung+of+a+printer&rft.volume=151&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=249-252&rft.date=1994&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8085148&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0048-9697%2894%2990474-X&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1994ScTEn.151..249D&rft.aulast=Dufresne&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Krier%2C+G.&rft.au=Muller%2C+J.&rft.au=Case%2C+B.&rft.au=Perrault%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaringWatling1990" class="citation journal cs1">Waring, P.M.; Watling, R.J. (1990). "Rare earth deposits in a deceased movie projectionist. A new case of rare earth pneumoconiosis". The Medical Journal of Australia. 153 (11–12): 726–30. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5694%2Fj.1326-5377.1990.tb126334.x">10.5694/j.1326-5377.1990.tb126334.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2247001">2247001</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24985591">24985591</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Medical+Journal+of+Australia&rft.atitle=Rare+earth+deposits+in+a+deceased+movie+projectionist.+A+new+case+of+rare+earth+pneumoconiosis&rft.volume=153&rft.issue=11%E2%80%9312&rft.pages=726-30&rft.date=1990&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24985591%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2247001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5694%2Fj.1326-5377.1990.tb126334.x&rft.aulast=Waring&rft.aufirst=P.M.&rft.au=Watling%2C+R.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Emsley-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Emsley_82-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmsley2011" class="citation book cs1">Emsley, John (2011). Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z guide to the elements. Oxford University Press. pp. 266–77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199605637" title="Special:BookSources/9780199605637"><bdi>9780199605637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks%3A+An+A-Z+guide+to+the+elements&rft.pages=266-77&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780199605637&rft.aulast=Emsley&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvansAronowitzAltertson2023" class="citation journal cs1">Evans NS, Aronowitz P, Altertson TE (30 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2811509">"Coin-shaped opacities in the stomach"</a>. JAMA Clinical Challenge. <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_American_Medical_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the American Medical Association">Journal of the American Medical Association</a>. 330 (20): 2016–2017. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.2023.19032">10.1001/jama.2023.19032</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37902730">37902730</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:264589220">264589220</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Coin-shaped+opacities+in+the+stomach&rft.volume=330&rft.issue=20&rft.pages=2016-2017&rft.date=2023-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A264589220%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F37902730&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.2023.19032&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=NS&rft.au=Aronowitz%2C+P&rft.au=Altertson%2C+TE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamanetwork.com%2Fjournals%2Fjama%2Ffullarticle%2F2811509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.institut-seltene-erden.de/seltene-erden-und-metalle/seltene-erden/lanthan/">"Lanthanum"</a>. institut-seltene-erden.de. Retrieved 27 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=institut-seltene-erden.de&rft.atitle=Lanthanum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.institut-seltene-erden.de%2Fseltene-erden-und-metalle%2Fseltene-erden%2Flanthan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> — site gives specifications and notation </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.institut-seltene-erden.de/">"ISE Metal-quotes"</a>. institut-seltene-erden.de. Retrieved 27 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=institut-seltene-erden.de&rft.atitle=ISE+Metal-quotes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.institut-seltene-erden.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"> — site gives information and notation </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norman_Greenwood" title="Norman Greenwood">Greenwood, Norman N.</a>; Earnshaw, Alan (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OezvAAAAMAAJ">Chemistry of the Elements</a>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-022057-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-022057-4"><bdi>978-0-08-022057-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-08-022057-4&rft.aulast=Greenwood&rft.aufirst=Norman+N.&rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOezvAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthanum&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCallow1967" class="citation book cs1">Callow, R.J. (1967). The Industrial Chemistry of the Lanthanons, Yttrium, Thorium and Uranium. Pergamon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Industrial+Chemistry+of+the+Lanthanons%2C+Yttrium%2C+Thorium+and+Uranium&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Callow&rft.aufirst=R.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuptaKrishnamurthy2005" class="citation book cs1">Gupta, C.K.; Krishnamurthy, N. (2005). Extractive Metallurgy of Rare Earths. CRC Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Extractive+Metallurgy+of+Rare+Earths&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=C.K.&rft.au=Krishnamurthy%2C+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPascal1959" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pascal, P., ed. (1959). Nouveau Traité de Chimie Minérale [New Treatise on Mineral Chemistry] (in French). Vol. VII Scandium, Yttrium, Elements des Terres Rares, Actinium. Masson & Cie.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nouveau+Trait%C3%A9+de+Chimie+Min%C3%A9rale&rft.pub=Masson+%26+Cie&rft.date=1959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickery1953" class="citation book cs1">Vickery, R.C. (1953). Chemistry of the Lanthanons. Butterworths.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Lanthanons&rft.pub=Butterworths&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Vickery&rft.aufirst=R.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALanthanum" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Periodic_table" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Template:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Template talk:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Periodic_table_(navbox)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Periodic table (navbox)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Periodic_table" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table" title="Periodic table">Periodic table</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;" aria-describedby="periodic-table-legend"> <tbody><tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2</a> </th> <td colspan="14"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" title="Carbon group">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Pnictogen" title="Pnictogen">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" title="Chalcogen">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">1</a> </th> <td title="H, Hydrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen" title="Hydrogen">H</a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="He, Helium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a> </th> <td title="Li, Lithium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td title="Be, Beryllium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="B, Boron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boron" title="Boron">B</a> </td> <td title="C, Carbon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Carbon" title="Carbon">C</a> </td> <td title="N, Nitrogen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen" title="Nitrogen">N</a> </td> <td title="O, Oxygen" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oxygen" title="Oxygen">O</a> </td> <td title="F, Fluorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fluorine" title="Fluorine">F</a> </td> <td title="Ne, Neon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a> </th> <td title="Na, Sodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Na</a> </td> <td title="Mg, Magnesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Al, Aluminium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td title="Si, Silicon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">Si</a> </td> <td title="P, Phosphorus" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus" title="Phosphorus">P</a> </td> <td title="S, Sulfur" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">S</a> </td> <td title="Cl, Chlorine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorine" title="Chlorine">Cl</a> </td> <td title="Ar, Argon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a> </th> <td title="K, Potassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium" title="Potassium">K</a> </td> <td title="Ca, Calcium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Sc, Scandium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td title="Ti, Titanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">Ti</a> </td> <td title="V, Vanadium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td title="Cr, Chromium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">Cr</a> </td> <td title="Mn, Manganese" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">Mn</a> </td> <td title="Fe, Iron" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">Fe</a> </td> <td title="Co, Cobalt" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td title="Ni, Nickel" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td title="Cu, Copper" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">Cu</a> </td> <td title="Zn, Zinc" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc" title="Zinc">Zn</a> </td> <td title="Ga, Gallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td title="Ge, Germanium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td title="As, Arsenic" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Arsenic" title="Arsenic">As</a> </td> <td title="Se, Selenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Selenium" title="Selenium">Se</a> </td> <td title="Br, Bromine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromine" title="Bromine">Br</a> </td> <td title="Kr, Krypton" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a> </th> <td title="Rb, Rubidium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rubidium" title="Rubidium">Rb</a> </td> <td title="Sr, Strontium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Y, Yttrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Y</a> </td> <td title="Zr, Zirconium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">Zr</a> </td> <td title="Nb, Niobium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">Nb</a> </td> <td title="Mo, Molybdenum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">Mo</a> </td> <td title="Tc, Technetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Technetium" title="Technetium">Tc</a> </td> <td title="Ru, Ruthenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium" title="Ruthenium">Ru</a> </td> <td title="Rh, Rhodium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhodium" title="Rhodium">Rh</a> </td> <td title="Pd, Palladium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td title="Ag, Silver" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">Ag</a> </td> <td title="Cd, Cadmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td title="In, Indium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td title="Sn, Tin" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tin" title="Tin">Sn</a> </td> <td title="Sb, Antimony" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antimony" title="Antimony">Sb</a> </td> <td title="Te, Tellurium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tellurium" title="Tellurium">Te</a> </td> <td title="I, Iodine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodine" title="Iodine">I</a> </td> <td title="Xe, Xenon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a> </th> <td title="Cs, Caesium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" title="Caesium">Cs</a> </td> <td title="Ba, Barium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td title="La, Lanthanum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:3px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">La</a> </td> <td title="Ce, Cerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Ce</a> </td> <td title="Pr, Praseodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Pr</a> </td> <td title="Nd, Neodymium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Nd</a> </td> <td title="Pm, Promethium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Promethium" title="Promethium">Pm</a> </td> <td title="Sm, Samarium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Sm</a> </td> <td title="Eu, Europium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Europium" title="Europium">Eu</a> </td> <td title="Gd, Gadolinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gd</a> </td> <td title="Tb, Terbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Terbium" title="Terbium">Tb</a> </td> <td title="Dy, Dysprosium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dysprosium" title="Dysprosium">Dy</a> </td> <td title="Ho, Holmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Holmium" title="Holmium">Ho</a> </td> <td title="Er, Erbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Erbium" title="Erbium">Er</a> </td> <td title="Tm, Thulium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thulium" title="Thulium">Tm</a> </td> <td title="Yb, Ytterbium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ytterbium" title="Ytterbium">Yb</a> </td> <td title="Lu, Lutetium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lutetium" title="Lutetium">Lu</a> </td> <td title="Hf, Hafnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td title="Ta, Tantalum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tantalum" title="Tantalum">Ta</a> </td> <td title="W, Tungsten" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">W</a> </td> <td title="Re, Rhenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rhenium" title="Rhenium">Re</a> </td> <td title="Os, Osmium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td title="Ir, Iridium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iridium" title="Iridium">Ir</a> </td> <td title="Pt, Platinum" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">Pt</a> </td> <td title="Au, Gold" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td title="Hg, Mercury" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mercury_(element)" title="Mercury (element)">Hg</a> </td> <td title="Tl, Thallium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td title="Pb, Lead" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">Pb</a> </td> <td title="Bi, Bismuth" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuth" title="Bismuth">Bi</a> </td> <td title="Po, Polonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td title="At, Astatine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Astatine" title="Astatine">At</a> </td> <td title="Rn, Radon" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a> </th> <td title="Fr, Francium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td title="Ra, Radium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#ff9999; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td title="Ac, Actinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td title="Th, Thorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td title="Pa, Protactinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td title="U, Uranium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Uranium" title="Uranium">U</a> </td> <td title="Np, Neptunium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td title="Pu, Plutonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td title="Am, Americium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Americium" title="Americium">Am</a> </td> <td title="Cm, Curium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Curium" title="Curium">Cm</a> </td> <td title="Bk, Berkelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berkelium" title="Berkelium">Bk</a> </td> <td title="Cf, Californium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Californium" title="Californium">Cf</a> </td> <td title="Es, Einsteinium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einsteinium" title="Einsteinium">Es</a> </td> <td title="Fm, Fermium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fermium" title="Fermium">Fm</a> </td> <td title="Md, Mendelevium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendelevium" title="Mendelevium">Md</a> </td> <td title="No, Nobelium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#9bff99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nobelium" title="Nobelium">No</a> </td> <td title="Lr, Lawrencium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lawrencium" title="Lawrencium">Lr</a> </td> <td title="Rf, Rutherfordium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td title="Db, Dubnium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td title="Sg, Seaborgium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seaborgium" title="Seaborgium">Sg</a> </td> <td title="Bh, Bohrium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bohrium" title="Bohrium">Bh</a> </td> <td title="Hs, Hassium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td title="Mt, Meitnerium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td title="Ds, Darmstadtium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td title="Rg, Roentgenium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td title="Cn, Copernicium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#99ccff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td title="Nh, Nihonium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium">Nh</a> </td> <td title="Fl, Flerovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Flerovium" title="Flerovium">Fl</a> </td> <td title="Mc, Moscovium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Moscovium" title="Moscovium">Mc</a> </td> <td title="Lv, Livermorium" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Livermorium" title="Livermorium">Lv</a> </td> <td title="Ts, Tennessine" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tennessine" title="Tennessine">Ts</a> </td> <td title="Og, Oganesson" style="text-align:center; background-color:#fdff8c; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson">Og</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; margin:0;"><div style="padding:0.3em;"> <table style="width:100%; line-height:1.2em; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff9999;"><a href="/wiki/S-block" class="mw-redirect" title="S-block">s-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#9bff99;"><a href="/wiki/F-block" class="mw-redirect" title="F-block">f-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#99ccff;"><a href="/wiki/D-block" class="mw-redirect" title="D-block">d-block</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#fdff8c;"><a href="/wiki/P-block" class="mw-redirect" title="P-block">p-block</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1123817410"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lanthanum_compounds" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lanthanum_compounds" title="Template:Lanthanum compounds"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lanthanum_compounds" title="Template talk:Lanthanum compounds"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lanthanum_compounds" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lanthanum compounds"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lanthanum_compounds" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lanthanum</a> compounds</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_acetate" title="Lanthanum acetate">La(CH 3COO) 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_acetylacetonate" title="Lanthanum acetylacetonate">La(C5H7O2)3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_aluminate" title="Lanthanum aluminate">LaAlO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_hexaboride" title="Lanthanum hexaboride">LaB6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_barium_copper_oxide" title="Lanthanum barium copper oxide">LBCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_bromide" title="Lanthanum(III) bromide">LaBr3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_carbide" title="Lanthanum carbide">LaC2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_chloride" title="Lanthanum(III) chloride">LaCl3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_carbonate" title="Lanthanum carbonate">La2(CO3)3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_cobaltite" title="Lanthanum cobaltite">LaCoO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_laurate" title="Lanthanum laurate">C 36H 72LaO 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_trifluoride" title="Lanthanum trifluoride">LaF3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_decahydride" title="Lanthanum decahydride">LaH10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_hafnate" title="Lanthanum hafnate">La2Hf2O7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_iodate" title="Lanthanum(III) iodate">La(IO3)3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_iodide" title="Lanthanum(III) iodide">LaI3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_nitride" title="Lanthanum nitride">LaN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_manganite" title="Lanthanum manganite">LaMnO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum-nickel_alloy" title="Lanthanum-nickel alloy">LaNix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_pentanickel" title="Lanthanum pentanickel">LaNi5</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_nitrate" title="Lanthanum(III) nitrate">La(NO3)3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_oxalate" title="Lanthanum oxalate">La 2(C 2O 4) 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_oxide" title="Lanthanum oxide">La2O3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_oxyfluoride" title="Lanthanum oxyfluoride">LaOF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_oxysulfide" title="Lanthanum oxysulfide">La 2O 2S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_hydroxide" title="Lanthanum hydroxide">La(OH)3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_phosphide" title="Lanthanum phosphide">LaP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_telluride" title="Lanthanum(III) telluride">La2Te3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_ytterbium_oxide" title="Lanthanum ytterbium oxide">LaYbO3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LLZO" title="LLZO">LLZO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LSAT_(oxide)" title="LSAT (oxide)">LSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_strontium_cobalt_ferrite" title="Lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite">LSCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_strontium_manganite" title="Lanthanum strontium manganite">LSM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_stearate" title="Lanthanum stearate">C 54H 105LaO 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_monosulfide" title="Lanthanum monosulfide">LaS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum(III)_sulfide" title="Lanthanum(III) sulfide">La2S3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control 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[\"CITEREFGschneidner2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGuptaKrishnamurthy2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaghesereshtWangDo2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHamilton1965\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHammond2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarrington\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHendrick1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHitchcockLappertMaronProtchenko2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeffus2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJensen1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJensen2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJevons1928\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJørgensen1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKim,_KShim2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrinskyMinasianArnold2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKrishnamurthyGupta2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLandauLifshitz1958\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPascal1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPatnaik2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolBarendsDietlKhadem2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFR._SmithWhitingBarklay2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFS._NakaiA._MasudaB._Lehmann1988\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScerri2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShkolnikov2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSommervilleKing\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTlihaMathlouthiLamloumiPercheronguegan2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUchida1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVickery1953\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaringWatling1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeeks1932\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeeks1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWittig1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoosleyHartmannHoffmanHaxton1990\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"10^\"] = 1,\n [\"=\"] = 2,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Chem\"] = 61,\n [\"Chem2\"] = 2,\n [\"Chembox\"] = 1,\n [\"Chembox Hazards\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 20,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 26,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 13,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 1,\n [\"GHS02\"] = 1,\n [\"Good article\"] = 1,\n [\"Google books\"] = 5,\n [\"Greenwood\u0026Earnshaw1st\"] = 1,\n [\"H-phrases\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 11,\n [\"Infobox lanthanum\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 2,\n [\"Lanthanum compounds\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Math\"] = 4,\n [\"Mvar\"] = 6,\n [\"NUBASE 2003\"] = 1,\n [\"Nobr\"] = 5,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"P-phrases\"] = 1,\n [\"Periodic table (navbox)\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"RubberBible86th\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn whitelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sup\"] = 2,\n [\"Transliteration\"] = 2,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFGreenwoodEarnshaw1984\"] = 1,\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","520","33.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","180","11.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","120","7.8"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","100","6.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","80","5.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","60","3.9"],["type","60","3.9"],["mw.executeFunction \u003Cmw.lua:507\u003E","40","2.6"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","40","2.6"],["chunk \u003CModule:String\u003E","40","2.6"],["[others]","300","19.5"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9msw5","timestamp":"20241122223258","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lanthanum","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lanthanum","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1801","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1801","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-07-27T16:08:15Z","dateModified":"2024-09-10T10:26:56Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/8c\/Lanthanum-2.jpg","headline":"chemical element with symbol La and atomic number 57"}</script> </body> </html>