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Available in 105 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatshoof" title="Staatshoof – Africana" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Staatshoof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Africana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsoberhaupt" title="Staatsoberhaupt – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Staatsoberhaupt" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9" title="رأس الدولة – Arabica" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رأس الدولة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" title="راس دوله – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="راس دوله" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xefe_d%27Est%C3%A1u" title="Xefe d'Estáu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xefe d'Estáu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_ba%C5%9F%C3%A7%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Dövlət başçısı – Atropatenica" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dövlət başçısı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Atropatenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="دؤولت باشقانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دؤولت باشقانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stootsobahaupt" title="Stootsobahaupt – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Stootsobahaupt" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamayo_kan_estado" title="Pamayo kan estado – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pamayo kan estado" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Кіраўнік дзяржавы – Ruthenica Alba" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіраўнік дзяржавы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Ruthenica Alba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Кіраўнік дзяржавы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кіраўнік дзяржавы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hop_negara" title="Hop negara – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Hop negara" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Държавен глава – Bulgarica" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Държавен глава" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="রাষ্ট্রপ্রধান – Bengalica" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাষ্ট্রপ্রধান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengalica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ef_dr%C5%BEave" title="Šef države – Bosnica" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Šef države" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Түрын тэригүүн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түрын тэригүүн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_d%27estat" title="Cap d'estat – Catalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cap d'estat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA" title="سەرۆکی دەوڵەت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرۆکی دەوڵەت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlava_st%C3%A1tu" title="Hlava státu – Bohemica" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hlava státu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Bohemica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%83%C3%A7%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95" title="Патшалăх пуçлăхĕ – Chuvassica" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Патшалăх пуçлăхĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvassica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statsoverhoved" title="Statsoverhoved – Danica" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Statsoverhoved" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsoberhaupt" title="Staatsoberhaupt – Germanica" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Staatsoberhaupt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Germanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" title="Αρχηγός κράτους – Graeca" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχηγός κράτους" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Graeca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state – Anglica" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Head of state" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Anglica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctatestro" title="Ŝtatestro – Esperantica" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtatestro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperantica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefe_de_Estado" title="Jefe de Estado – Hispanica" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jefe de Estado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Hispanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigipea" title="Riigipea – Estonica" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Riigipea" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatuburu" title="Estatuburu – Vasconica" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatuburu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Vasconica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1" title="رئیس کشور – Persica" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس کشور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtionp%C3%A4%C3%A4mies" title="Valtionpäämies – Finnica" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valtionpäämies" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_d%27%C3%89tat" title="Chef d'État – Francogallica" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chef d'État" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francogallica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatshaad" title="Steatshaad – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Steatshaad" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceann_St%C3%A1it" title="Ceann Stáit – Hibernica" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceann Stáit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Hibernica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A8f_di_L%C3%A9ta" title="Chèf di Léta – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Chèf di Léta" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xefe_de_Estado" title="Xefe de Estado – Gallaica" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xefe de Estado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Gallaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kione_steat" title="Kione steat – Monensis" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kione steat" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Monensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shugaban_kasa" title="Shugaban kasa – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Shugaban kasa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="ראש מדינה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראש מדינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96" title="राष्ट्रप्रमुख – Hindica" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राष्ट्रप्रमुख" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poglavar_dr%C5%BEave" title="Poglavar države – Croatica" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poglavar države" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81llamf%C5%91" title="Államfő – Hungarica" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Államfő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD" title="Պետության գլուխ – Armenica" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պետության գլուխ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepala_negara" title="Kepala negara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kepala negara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulo_ti_estado" title="Daulo ti estado – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Daulo ti estado" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chefo_di_stato" title="Chefo di stato – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chefo di stato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0h%C3%B6f%C3%B0ingi" title="Þjóðhöfðingi – Islandica" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þjóðhöfðingi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capo_di_Stato" title="Capo di Stato – Italiana" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Capo di Stato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="元首 – Iaponica" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="元首" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Iaponica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Мемлекет басшысы – Cazachica" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мемлекет басшысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Cazachica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%9B%90%EC%88%98" title="국가원수 – Coreana" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국가원수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Coreana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Къралны башчысы – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къралны башчысы" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serokdewlet" title="Serokdewlet – Curdica" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Serokdewlet" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Curdica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="Мамлекет башчысы – Chirgisica" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мамлекет башчысы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Chirgisica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjtaotshouf" title="Sjtaotshouf – Limburgica" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjtaotshouf" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capo_de_Stat" title="Capo de Stat – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Capo de Stat" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokambi-ek%C3%B3lo" title="Mokambi-ekólo – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mokambi-ekólo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valstyb%C4%97s_vadovas" title="Valstybės vadovas – Lithuanica" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valstybės vadovas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsts_vad%C4%ABt%C4%81js" title="Valsts vadītājs – Lettonica" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valsts vadītājs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Шеф на држава – Macedonica" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шеф на држава" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB" title="രാഷ്ട്രത്തലവൻ – Malabarica" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാഷ്ട്രത്തലവൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabarica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Төрийн тэргүүн – Mongolica" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төрийн тэргүүн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96" title="राष्ट्रप्रमुख – Marathica" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="राष्ट्रप्रमुख" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketua_negara" title="Ketua negara – Malayana" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ketua negara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malayana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B2" title="နိုင်ငံတော်အကြီးအကဲ – Birmanica" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုင်ငံတော်အကြီးအကဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsh%C3%B6%C3%B6ft" title="Staatshööft – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Staatshööft" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96" title="राष्ट्रप्रमुख – Nepalensis" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="राष्ट्रप्रमुख" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatshoofd" title="Staatshoofd – Batava" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Staatshoofd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Batava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statsoverhovud" title="Statsoverhovud – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Statsoverhovud" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statssjef" title="Statssjef – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Statssjef" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_d%C3%A9_l%27%C3%89tat" title="Chef dé l'État – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Chef dé l'État" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_d%27Estat" title="Cap d'Estat – Occitana" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cap d'Estat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%96%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F" title="ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରମୁଖ୍ୟ – Orissensis" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରମୁଖ୍ୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Orissensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%80" title="ਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਮੁਖੀ – Panjabica" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਮੁਖੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Panjabica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%82owa_pa%C5%84stwa" title="Głowa państwa – Polonica" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Głowa państwa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polonica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%81_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="سربراہ ریاست – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سربراہ ریاست" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%90%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="هېوادمشر – Afganica" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هېوادمشر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Afganica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chefe_de_Estado" title="Chefe de Estado – Lusitana" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chefe de Estado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Lusitana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98ef_de_stat" title="Șef de stat – Dacoromanica" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Șef de stat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Dacoromanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Глава государства – Russica" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Глава государства" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capu_di_statu" title="Capu di statu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Capu di statu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heid_o_state" title="Heid o state – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Heid o state" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ef_dr%C5%BEave" title="Šef države – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šef države" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BD%E1%80%B0%E1%82%88%E1%80%9A%E1%82%82%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87_%E1%81%B8%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ၽူႈယႂ်ႇ ၸိုင်ႈမိူင်း – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၽူႈယႂ်ႇ ၸိုင်ႈမိူင်း" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A" title="රාජ්‍ය නායක – Singhalensis" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රාජ්‍ය නායක" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singhalensis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Head of state" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlava_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tu" title="Hlava štátu – Slovaca" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hlava štátu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovaca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavni_poglavar" title="Državni poglavar – Slovena" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Državni poglavar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovena" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreu_i_Shtetit" title="Kreu i Shtetit – Albanica" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kreu i Shtetit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ef_dr%C5%BEave" title="Šef države – Serbica" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Šef države" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statschef" title="Statschef – Suecica" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Statschef" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Suecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mkuu_wa_dola" title="Mkuu wa dola – Suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mkuu wa dola" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="நாட்டுத் தலைவர் – Tamulica" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாட்டுத் தலைவர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamulica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="ประมุขแห่งรัฐ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประมุขแห่งรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado" title="Puno ng estado – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Puno ng estado" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devlet_ba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1" title="Devlet başkanı – Turcica" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Devlet başkanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turcica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Голова держави – Ucrainica" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Голова держави" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ucrainica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%81_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="سربراہ ریاست – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سربراہ ریاست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davlat_boshlig%CA%BBi" title="Davlat boshligʻi – Uzbecica" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Davlat boshligʻi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbecica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_de_Stato" title="Cao de Stato – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cao de Stato" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_th%E1%BB%A7_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia" title="Nguyên thủ quốc gia – Vietnamica" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nguyên thủ quốc gia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="国家元首 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="国家元首" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="元首 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="元首" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48352#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Nexus inter linguas recensere" class="wbc-editpage">Nexus recensere</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spatia nominalia"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon 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title="VP:Expansio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/20px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/30px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg/40px-Roman_numeral_10000_CC_DD_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="68" data-file-height="43" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">E Vicipaedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="la" dir="ltr"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Mining_Yellow.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mining_Yellow.svg/20px-Mining_Yellow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mining_Yellow.svg/30px-Mining_Yellow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Mining_Yellow.svg/40px-Mining_Yellow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="679" data-file-height="655" /></a></span> -2 <i><a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Latinitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicipaedia:Latinitas">Latinitas</a> huius rei dubia est. Corrige si potes. Vide {{<a href="/wiki/Formula:Latinitas" title="Formula:Latinitas">latinitas</a>}}.</i></div> <div style="float: right; clear: right; border: 1px solid #FFF59E; background-color: #f7f8ff; margin: .25em 0 1em 1em; width: 234px; font-size: .88em; border-radius: 1em; box-shadow: 8px 8px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2); text-align: center;"> <div style="padding-top:.4em">Unam legis e paginis de</div> <div style="font-size:150%; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Civilitas" title="Civilitas">civilitate</a></div> <div style="padding-bottom:.1em">disserentibus</div> <hr /> <div style="padding:0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; font-size:90%"> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Forma_administrationis" title="Forma administrationis">Formae administrationis</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchia" title="Anarchia">Anarchia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratia" title="Democratia">Democratia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratia_socialis" title="Democratia socialis">Democratia socialis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foederatio" title="Foederatio">Foederatio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictatura" title="Dictatura">Dictatura</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Autocratia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autocratia (non est haec pagina)">Autocratia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">Monarchia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Regnum" title="Regnum">Regnum</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchia_constitutionalis" title="Monarchia constitutionalis">Monarchia constitutionalis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchia_hereditaria" title="Monarchia hereditaria">Monarchia hereditaria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchia_electiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchia electiva (non est haec pagina)">Monarchia electiva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchia_absoluta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchia absoluta (non est haec pagina)">Monarchia absoluta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ducatus" title="Ducatus">Ducatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Res_publica" title="Res publica">Res publica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Respublica_parlamentaria" title="Respublica parlamentaria">Respublica parlamentaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respublica_praesidentialis" title="Respublica praesidentialis">Respublica praesidentialis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligarchia" title="Oligarchia">Oligarchia</a></li></ul></div></div> <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold">Tituli ductorum</div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dux civitatis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Praeses" title="Praeses">Praeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">Imperator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanus" title="Sultanus">Sultanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex" title="Rex">Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzar" title="Tzar">Tzar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dux_rectionis" title="Dux rectionis">Dux rectionis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primus_minister" title="Primus minister">Primus minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praeses_consilii_ministrorum" title="Praeses consilii ministrorum">Praeses consilii ministrorum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_(titulus)" title="Caesar (titulus)">Caesar (titulus)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictator" class="mw-redirect" title="Dictator">Dictator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiralis" title="Amiralis">Amiralis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeps" title="Princeps">Princeps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="Senator">Senator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachus" title="Sachus">Sachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrannis" title="Tyrannis">Tyrannis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassa" title="Bassa">Bassa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beigus" title="Beigus">Beigus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calipha" title="Calipha">Calipha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanus" title="Chanus">Chanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comes" title="Comes">Comes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consul" title="Consul">Consul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafio" title="Grafio">Grafio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knezus" title="Knezus">Knezus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lictor" title="Lictor">Lictor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomarcha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomarcha (non est haec pagina)">Nomarcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharao" title="Pharao">Pharao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachus" title="Sachus">Sachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thainus" title="Thainus">Thainus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribunus_plebis" title="Tribunus plebis">Tribunus plebis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaivoda" title="Vaivoda">Vaivoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vezirus" title="Vezirus">Vezirus</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Ideologia" title="Ideologia">Ideologiae</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anarchismus" title="Anarchismus">Anarchismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitalismus" title="Capitalismus">Capitalismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatismus" title="Conservatismus">Conservatismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitanismus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmopolitanismus">Cosmopolitanismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascismus" title="Fascismus">Fascismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperialismus" title="Imperialismus">Imperialismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalismus" title="Liberalismus">Liberalismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalismus" title="Nationalismus">Nationalismus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialismus" title="Socialismus">Socialismus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratia_socialis" title="Democratia socialis">Democratia socialis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialismus_saeculi_21" title="Socialismus saeculi 21">Socialismus saeculi 21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communismus" title="Communismus">Communismus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideologia_viridis" title="Ideologia viridis">Ideologia viridis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statismus" title="Statismus">Statismus</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Trias_politica" title="Trias politica">Trias politica</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Potestas_legifera" title="Potestas legifera">Potestas legifera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parlamentum" title="Parlamentum">Parlamentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Senatus">Senatus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potestas_exsecutiva" title="Potestas exsecutiva">Potestas exsecutiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potestas_iudicialis" title="Potestas iudicialis">Potestas iudicialis</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Factio_politica" title="Factio politica">Factiones</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_factionum_politicarum" title="Index factionum politicarum">Index</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Factiones_politicae_per_civitates_digestae" title="Categoria:Factiones politicae per civitates digestae">per civitates digestae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Factiones_politicae_per_ideologias_digestae" title="Categoria:Factiones politicae per ideologias digestae">per ideologias digestae</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="background-color:transparent;border:none; padding:0px; margin:0px"> <div style="padding:2px; text-align:left; margin:0px; font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Comitia" title="Comitia">Comitia</a></div> <div class="mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align:left; margin:8px; border:none;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suffragium" title="Suffragium">Suffragium</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suffragium_universale" title="Suffragium universale">Suffragium universale</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div><div style="text-align:center"> Vide etiam<br /><a href="/wiki/Civitas_sui_iuris" title="Civitas sui iuris">Civitas sui iuris</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rectio" title="Rectio">Rectio</a> · <a href="/wiki/Maiestas_(Ius_constitutionale)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maiestas (Ius constitutionale)">Maiestas</a> · <a href="/wiki/Titulus" title="Titulus">Titulus</a></div> </div></div> <p><b>Dux civitatis</b> est <a href="/wiki/Homo" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Homo">homo</a> aut circulus hominum qui praecipui publici repraesentantes politicae <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitatis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foederatio" title="Foederatio">foederationis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia">monarchiae</a>, vel <a href="/wiki/Res_publica" title="Res publica">rei publicae</a> sunt. Cuius <a href="/wiki/Munus" class="mw-disambig" title="Munus">munus</a> <a href="/wiki/Civitas" title="Civitas">civitatis</a> continuitatis<sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Dux_civitatis" title="Disputatio:Dux civitatis">?</a></sup> et <a href="/wiki/Lex" title="Lex">legitimitis</a><sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Dux_civitatis" title="Disputatio:Dux civitatis">?</a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Personificatio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Personificatio (non est haec pagina)">personificationem</a> et munerum, operum, et politicarum <a href="/wiki/Potestas_exsecutiva" title="Potestas exsecutiva">potestatum exercitationem</a> comprehendit quae ei civitatis <a href="/wiki/Constitutio" title="Constitutio">constitutione</a> largita sunt. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Carolus_de_Gaulle" title="Carolus de Gaulle">Carolus de Gaulle</a> munus quod in <a href="/wiki/Animus" title="Animus">animo</a> habebat se constitutionem <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francogallicam</a> hodiernam scribente, descripsit. Ducem civitatem "civitatis <a href="/wiki/Spiritus" class="mw-disambig" title="Spiritus">spiritum</a>" ob eandem civitatem et mundum personificare debiturum esse dixit. Hodie, multae civitates ut earum duces civitatum valores simili modo personificent exspectant. </p><p>Cuique civitati proprium <a href="/wiki/Potestas_exsecutiva" title="Potestas exsecutiva">exsecutivum</a> systema est, sed necessarie quattuor categoriae sunt: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systema_praesidentiale" class="mw-redirect" title="Systema praesidentiale">Systema praesidentiale</a> (aut imperiale) ubi dux civitatis tunc <a href="/wiki/Dux_gubernationis" class="mw-redirect" title="Dux gubernationis">dux gubernationis</a> est et active <a href="/wiki/Potestas_exsecutiva" title="Potestas exsecutiva">potestatem exsecutivam</a> totam exercet.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Systema_semi-praesidentiale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Systema semi-praesidentiale (non est haec pagina)">Systema semi-praesidentiale</a> ubi dux civitatis potestatem exsecutivum duci gubernationis impertit.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systema_parlamentarium" class="mw-redirect" title="Systema parlamentarium">Systema parlamentarium</a> ubi dux civitatis <a href="/wiki/Theoria" title="Theoria">theoricas</a><sup style="font-size: .75em; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none;"><a href="/wiki/Disputatio:Dux_civitatis" title="Disputatio:Dux civitatis">?</a></sup> potestates exsecutivas possidet, sed potestatis exsecuticae exercitatio duci Gubernationis ex usu datur.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchia_constitutionalis" title="Monarchia constitutionalis">Systema haud exsecutivum</a>, ubi dux civitatis nullam potestatem exsecutivam possidet et solum <a href="/wiki/Symbolum" title="Symbolum">symbolicum</a> repraesentativumque munus habet.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nexus_interni">Nexus interni</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ducatus" title="Ducatus">Ducatus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dux_rectionis" title="Dux rectionis">Dux rectionis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">Imperator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praeses" title="Praeses">Praeses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex" title="Rex">Rex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Duces_civitatum" title="Categoria:Duces civitatum">Categoria:Duces civitatum</a> et <a href="/wiki/Categoria:Indices_ducum_civitatum" title="Categoria:Indices ducum civitatum">Categoria:Indices ducum civitatum</a></li></ul> <table style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid gray; width: auto; max-width: 75%; background-color: #f7f8ff; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 1.5em auto; border-radius: 1em; box-shadow: 8px 8px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: .75em .5em .75em 1em; box-sizing: content-box; background: transparent; width: 50px; text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:Society.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="stipula"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/76px-Society.svg.png" decoding="async" width="76" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/114px-Society.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/152px-Society.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="38" /></a><figcaption>stipula</figcaption></figure></td><td style="padding: .75em 1em .75em .5em;"> <p><i>Haec <a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Stipulae" title="Vicipaedia:Stipulae">stipula</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Politia" class="mw-redirect" title="Politia">politiam</a> spectat. <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dux_civitatis&action=edit">Amplifica</a></span>, si potes!</i> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid gray; width: auto; max-width: 75%; background-color: #f7f8ff; text-align: left; margin: 1em auto 1.5em auto; border-radius: 1em; box-shadow: 8px 8px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2);"><tbody><tr><td style="padding: .75em .5em .75em 1em; box-sizing: content-box; background: transparent; width: 50px; text-align: center;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus:United_States_one_dollar_bill,_obverse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stipula"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/69px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg" decoding="async" width="69" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/104px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg/138px-United_States_one_dollar_bill%2C_obverse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7400" data-file-height="3224" /></a><figcaption>Stipula</figcaption></figure></td><td style="padding: .75em 1em .75em .5em;"> <p><i>Haec <a href="/wiki/Vicipaedia:Stipulae" title="Vicipaedia:Stipulae">stipula</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Societas_mercatoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Societas mercatoria">societatem</a> spectat. <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dux_civitatis&action=edit">Amplifica</a></span>, si potes!</i> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Receptum de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dux_civitatis&oldid=3821882">https://la.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dux_civitatis&oldid=3821882</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specialis:Categoriae" title="Specialis:Categoriae">Categoriae</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Munera" title="Categoria:Munera">Munera</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Res_politicae" title="Categoria:Res politicae">Res politicae</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoriae celatae: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Latinitas_-2_(dubium)" title="Categoria:Latinitas -2 (dubium)">Latinitas -2 (dubium)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:L_-2" title="Categoria:L -2">L -2</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Latinitas_dubia_(dubsig)" title="Categoria:Latinitas dubia (dubsig)">Latinitas dubia (dubsig)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Paginae_cum_sectione_nexuum_internorum" title="Categoria:Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum">Paginae cum sectione nexuum internorum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Stipulae_Politicae" title="Categoria:Stipulae Politicae">Stipulae Politicae</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Stipulae_Societatum" title="Categoria:Stipulae Societatum">Stipulae Societatum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Myrias_Societas" title="Categoria:Myrias Societas">Myrias Societas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Novissima mutatio die 9 Martii 2024 hora 14:45 facta.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Nonobstantibus ceteris condicionibus hunc textum tractare licet secundum <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License"</a>. 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