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id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3+%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" title="يستحسن تسجل دخولك; لكن, ده مش اجبارى [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>دخول</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="المزيد من الخيارات" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ادوات شخصيه" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D8%AF%D9%89_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8&returnto=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3+%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" title="نشجعك على عمل حساب وتسجيل دخولك; لكنه مش ضروري"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>افتح حساب</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1&returnto=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3+%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" title="يستحسن تسجل دخولك; لكن, ده مش اجبارى [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>دخول</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> صفحات للمحررين الذين سجَّلوا خروجهم <a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A9" aria-label="تعلَّم المزيد بخصوص التحرير"><span>تعلَّم المزيد</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%89" title="نقاش حوالين التعديلات من عنوان الأيبى دا [n]" accesskey="n"><span>المناقشة مع عنوان الأيبى دا</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="الموقع"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="المحتويات" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">المحتويات</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">أخف</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">المقدمة</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-لينكات_برانيه" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#لينكات_برانيه"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>لينكات برانيه</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-لينكات_برانيه-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-مصادر" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#مصادر"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>مصادر</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-مصادر-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="المحتويات" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="جدول المحتويات" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="تبديل عرض جدول المحتويات" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">تبديل عرض جدول المحتويات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">راس دوله</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="اذهب إلى المقالة في لغةٍ أخرى. مُتاحة في 105 لغات" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-105" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">105 لغات</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatshoof" title="ل Staatshoof – الأفريقانية" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Staatshoof" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="الأفريقانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsoberhaupt" title="ل Staatsoberhaupt – الألمانية السويسرية" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Staatsoberhaupt" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية السويسرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9" title="ل رأس الدولة – العربية" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رأس الدولة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="العربية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xefe_d%27Est%C3%A1u" title="ل Xefe d'Estáu – الأسترية" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Xefe d'Estáu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="الأسترية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6vl%C9%99t_ba%C5%9F%C3%A7%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="ل Dövlət başçısı – الأذربيجانية" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dövlət başçısı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="الأذربيجانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A4%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="ل دؤولت باشقانی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دؤولت باشقانی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stootsobahaupt" title="ل Stootsobahaupt – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Stootsobahaupt" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamayo_kan_estado" title="ل Pamayo kan estado – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Pamayo kan estado" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="ل Кіраўнік дзяржавы – البيلاروسية" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кіраўнік дзяржавы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="البيلاروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="ل Кіраўнік дзяржавы – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кіраўнік дзяржавы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hop_negara" title="ل Hop negara – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Hop negara" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="ل Държавен глава – البلغارية" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Държавен глава" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="البلغارية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="ل রাষ্ট্রপ্রধান – البنغالية" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাষ্ট্রপ্রধান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="البنغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ef_dr%C5%BEave" title="ل Šef države – البوسنية" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Šef države" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="البوسنية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="ل Түрын тэригүүн – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Түрын тэригүүн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_d%27estat" title="ل Cap d'estat – الكتالانية" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cap d'estat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="الكتالانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%88%DA%B5%DB%95%D8%AA" title="ل سەرۆکی دەوڵەت – السورانية الكردية" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەرۆکی دەوڵەت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="السورانية الكردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlava_st%C3%A1tu" title="ل Hlava státu – التشيكية" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hlava státu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="التشيكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85_%D0%BF%D1%83%C3%A7%D0%BB%C4%83%D1%85%C4%95" title="ل Патшалăх пуçлăхĕ – التشوفاشي" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Патшалăх пуçлăхĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="التشوفاشي" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statsoverhoved" title="ل Statsoverhoved – الدانمركية" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Statsoverhoved" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="الدانمركية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsoberhaupt" title="ل Staatsoberhaupt – الألمانية" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Staatsoberhaupt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B7%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" title="ل Αρχηγός κράτους – اليونانية" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχηγός κράτους" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="اليونانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state" title="ل Head of state – الإنجليزية" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Head of state" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="الإنجليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctatestro" title="ل Ŝtatestro – الإسبرانتو" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtatestro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="الإسبرانتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefe_de_Estado" title="ل Jefe de Estado – الإسبانية" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jefe de Estado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="الإسبانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riigipea" title="ل Riigipea – الإستونية" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Riigipea" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="الإستونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estatuburu" title="ل Estatuburu – الباسكية" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Estatuburu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="الباسكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ل رئیس کشور – الفارسية" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رئیس کشور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="الفارسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valtionp%C3%A4%C3%A4mies" title="ل Valtionpäämies – الفنلندية" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Valtionpäämies" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="الفنلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_d%27%C3%89tat" title="ل Chef d'État – الفرنسية" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chef d'État" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="الفرنسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steatshaad" title="ل Steatshaad – الفريزيان" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Steatshaad" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="الفريزيان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceann_St%C3%A1it" title="ل Ceann Stáit – الأيرلندية" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ceann Stáit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="الأيرلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%A8f_di_L%C3%A9ta" title="ل Chèf di Léta – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Chèf di Léta" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xefe_de_Estado" title="ل Xefe de Estado – الجاليكية" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xefe de Estado" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="الجاليكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kione_steat" title="ل Kione steat – المنكية" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kione steat" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="المنكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shugaban_kasa" title="ل Shugaban kasa – الهوسا" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Shugaban kasa" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="الهوسا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94" title="ل ראש מדינה – العبرية" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראש מדינה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="العبرية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96" title="ل राष्ट्रप्रमुख – الهندية" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राष्ट्रप्रमुख" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="الهندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poglavar_dr%C5%BEave" title="ل Poglavar države – الكرواتية" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Poglavar države" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="الكرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81llamf%C5%91" title="ل Államfő – الهنغارية" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Államfő" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="الهنغارية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AD" title="ل Պետության գլուխ – الأرمنية" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պետության գլուխ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="الأرمنية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepala_negara" title="ل Kepala negara – الإندونيسية" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kepala negara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="الإندونيسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulo_ti_estado" title="ل Daulo ti estado – الإيلوكو" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Daulo ti estado" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="الإيلوكو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chefo_di_stato" title="ل Chefo di stato – الإيدو" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Chefo di stato" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="الإيدو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Ej%C3%B3%C3%B0h%C3%B6f%C3%B0ingi" title="ل Þjóðhöfðingi – الأيسلندية" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Þjóðhöfðingi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="الأيسلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capo_di_Stato" title="ل Capo di Stato – الإيطالية" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Capo di Stato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="الإيطالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="ل 元首 – اليابانية" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="元首" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="اليابانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%88%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="ل Мемлекет басшысы – الكازاخستانية" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мемлекет басшысы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="الكازاخستانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AD%EA%B0%80%EC%9B%90%EC%88%98" title="ل 국가원수 – الكورية" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="국가원수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="الكورية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="ل Къралны башчысы – الكاراتشاي-بالكار" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Къралны башчысы" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="الكاراتشاي-بالكار" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serokdewlet" title="ل Serokdewlet – الكردية" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Serokdewlet" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="الكردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%87%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8B" title="ل Мамлекет башчысы – القيرغيزية" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мамлекет башчысы" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="القيرغيزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dux_civitatis" title="ل Dux civitatis – اللاتينية" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dux civitatis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="اللاتينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjtaotshouf" title="ل Sjtaotshouf – الليمبورغية" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Sjtaotshouf" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="الليمبورغية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capo_de_Stat" title="ل Capo de Stat – اللومبردية" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Capo de Stat" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="اللومبردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokambi-ek%C3%B3lo" title="ل Mokambi-ekólo – اللينجالا" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mokambi-ekólo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="اللينجالا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valstyb%C4%97s_vadovas" title="ل Valstybės vadovas – الليتوانية" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Valstybės vadovas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="الليتوانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valsts_vad%C4%ABt%C4%81js" title="ل Valsts vadītājs – اللاتفية" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Valsts vadītājs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="اللاتفية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B5%D1%84_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="ل Шеф на држава – المقدونية" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Шеф на држава" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="المقدونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BB" title="ل രാഷ്ട്രത്തലവൻ – المالايالامية" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാഷ്ട്രത്തലവൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="المالايالامية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B3%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="ل Төрийн тэргүүн – المنغولية" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Төрийн тэргүүн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="المنغولية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96" title="ل राष्ट्रप्रमुख – الماراثية" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="राष्ट्रप्रमुख" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="الماراثية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketua_negara" title="ل Ketua negara – الماليزية" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ketua negara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="الماليزية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%B2" title="ل နိုင်ငံတော်အကြီးအကဲ – البورمية" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိုင်ငံတော်အကြီးအကဲ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="البورمية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatsh%C3%B6%C3%B6ft" title="ل Staatshööft – الألمانية السفلى" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Staatshööft" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="الألمانية السفلى" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96" title="ل राष्ट्रप्रमुख – النيبالية" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="राष्ट्रप्रमुख" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="النيبالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staatshoofd" title="ل Staatshoofd – الهولندية" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Staatshoofd" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="الهولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statsoverhovud" title="ل Statsoverhovud – النرويجية نينورسك" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Statsoverhovud" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="النرويجية نينورسك" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statssjef" title="ل Statssjef – النرويجية بوكمال" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Statssjef" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="النرويجية بوكمال" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef_d%C3%A9_l%27%C3%89tat" title="ل Chef dé l'État – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Chef dé l'État" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_d%27Estat" title="ل Cap d'Estat – الأوكسيتانية" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cap d'Estat" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="الأوكسيتانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9F%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%96%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F" title="ل ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରମୁଖ୍ୟ – الأورية" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରାଷ୍ଟ୍ରମୁଖ୍ୟ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="الأورية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%80" title="ل ਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਮੁਖੀ – البنجابية" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਰਾਜ ਦਾ ਮੁਖੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="البنجابية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%82owa_pa%C5%84stwa" title="ل Głowa państwa – البولندية" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Głowa państwa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="البولندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%81_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ل سربراہ ریاست – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سربراہ ریاست" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%90%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="ل هېوادمشر – البشتو" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="هېوادمشر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="البشتو" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chefe_de_Estado" title="ل Chefe de Estado – البرتغالية" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Chefe de Estado" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="البرتغالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%98ef_de_stat" title="ل Șef de stat – الرومانية" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Șef de stat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="الرومانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="ل Глава государства – الروسية" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Глава государства" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="الروسية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capu_di_statu" title="ل Capu di statu – الصقلية" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Capu di statu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="الصقلية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heid_o_state" title="ل Heid o state – الأسكتلندية" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Heid o state" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="الأسكتلندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ef_dr%C5%BEave" title="ل Šef države – صربية-كرواتية" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šef države" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="صربية-كرواتية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BD%E1%80%B0%E1%82%88%E1%80%9A%E1%82%82%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87_%E1%81%B8%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ل ၽူႈယႂ်ႇ ၸိုင်ႈမိူင်း – الشان" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၽူႈယႂ်ႇ ၸိုင်ႈမိူင်း" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="الشان" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%9A" title="ل රාජ්‍ය නායක – السنهالية" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="රාජ්‍ය නායක" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="السنهالية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state" title="ل Head of state – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Head of state" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hlava_%C5%A1t%C3%A1tu" title="ل Hlava štátu – السلوفاكية" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Hlava štátu" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="السلوفاكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavni_poglavar" title="ل Državni poglavar – السلوفانية" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Državni poglavar" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="السلوفانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreu_i_shtetit" title="ل Kreu i shtetit – الألبانية" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kreu i shtetit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="الألبانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ef_dr%C5%BEave" title="ل Šef države – الصربية" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Šef države" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="الصربية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statschef" title="ل Statschef – السويدية" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Statschef" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="السويدية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mkuu_wa_dola" title="ل Mkuu wa dola – السواحلية" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mkuu wa dola" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="السواحلية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ل நாட்டுத் தலைவர் – التاميلية" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாட்டுத் தலைவர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="التاميلية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" title="ل ประมุขแห่งรัฐ – التايلاندية" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประมุขแห่งรัฐ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="التايلاندية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puno_ng_estado" title="ل Puno ng estado – التاغالوغية" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Puno ng estado" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="التاغالوغية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devlet_ba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1" title="ل Devlet başkanı – التركية" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Devlet başkanı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="التركية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="ل Голова держави – الأوكرانية" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Голова держави" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="الأوكرانية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%81_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ل سربراہ ریاست – الأوردية" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سربراہ ریاست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="الأوردية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davlat_boshlig%CA%BBi" title="ل Davlat boshligʻi – الأوزبكية" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Davlat boshligʻi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="الأوزبكية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_de_Stato" title="ل Cao de Stato – البندقية" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cao de Stato" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="البندقية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nguy%C3%AAn_th%E1%BB%A7_qu%E1%BB%91c_gia" title="ل Nguyên thủ quốc gia – الفيتنامية" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nguyên thủ quốc gia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="الفيتنامية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="ل 国家元首 – الوو الصينية" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="国家元首" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="الوو الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ol%C3%B3r%C3%AD_or%C3%ADl%E1%BA%B9%CC%80-%C3%A8d%C3%A8" title="ل Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè – اليوروبا" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Olórí orílẹ̀-èdè" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="اليوروبا" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%AE%B6%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="ل 國家元首 – الصينية" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="國家元首" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%C3%A2n-si%C3%BA" title="ل Goân-siú – مين-نان الصينية" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Goân-siú" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="مين-نان الصينية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%83%E9%A6%96" title="ل 元首 – الكَنْتُونية" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="元首" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="الكَنْتُونية" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48352#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="تعديل الروابط ما بين اللغات" class="wbc-editpage">عدل 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mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87&action=history"><span>استعراض التاريخ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> عام </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A7/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" title="ليستة كل الصفح اللى بتوصل هنا [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ايه بيوصل هنا</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%83/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" rel="nofollow" title="اخر التغييرات فى صفح معمول ليها لينك 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id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Farz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3_%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%2587"><span>احصل على مسار مختصر</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Farz.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3_%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%2587"><span>تنزيل رمز الاستجابة السريعة</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> اطبع/صدّر </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3+%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87"><span>إعمل كتاب</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:DownloadAsPdf&page=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87&action=show-download-screen"><span>تنزيل PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87&printable=yes" title="نسخه تنفع تتطبع للصفحه دى [p]" accesskey="p"><span>نسخه للطبع</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> مشاريع تانيه </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heads_of_state" hreflang="en"><span>ويكيميديا كومنز</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q48352" title="الربط بعنصر مرتبط ف مستودع البيانات [g]" accesskey="g"><span>عنصر ويكيداتا</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="أدوات الصفحة"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="المظهر"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">المظهر</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">انقل للشريط الجانبي</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">أخف</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">من ويكيبيديا، الموسوعه الحره</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="arz" dir="rtl"><table class="infobox vcard infobox-mt-0" style="margin-top:0px;color:#000000;background:#ffffff color:#202122;width:335px;border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:3px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> <table style="text-align:center; width:100%; border-spacing:0px;"> <tbody><tr class="entete defaut" style="background-color:#e9f5f7;"> <td style="width:10%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Noun_Project_sources_icon_2867696.svg/40px-Noun_Project_sources_icon_2867696.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Noun_Project_sources_icon_2867696.svg/60px-Noun_Project_sources_icon_2867696.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Noun_Project_sources_icon_2867696.svg/80px-Noun_Project_sources_icon_2867696.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="width:80%; color:#000000;">راس دوله </td> <td style="width:10%;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr> <tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F9F9F9;color:#000000;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:King_Mohammed_VI.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/King_Mohammed_VI.jpg/280px-King_Mohammed_VI.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/King_Mohammed_VI.jpg/420px-King_Mohammed_VI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/King_Mohammed_VI.jpg/560px-King_Mohammed_VI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5732" data-file-height="3821" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>  </td></tr><tr> <td colspan="2"><hr style="height:2px;background-color: #ff0000;color:#AAAAAA;" /> </td></tr><tr> <th class="sm_th" style="text-align: right; background-color: #F3F3F3; color:#000000" scope="row">جزء من</th> <td class="sm_td" style=""><a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87" title="دوله">دوله</a>  <span class="noprint"> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48352#P361" title="تعديل قيمة خاصية جزء من (P361) في ويكي بيانات"><img alt="تعديل قيمة خاصية جزء من (P361) في ويكي بيانات" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Twemoji_270f.svg/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></td> </tr><tr> <td class="navigation-only" colspan="2" style="border-top: 2px #AAAAAA solid; font-size: 80%; background:inherit;color:#000000; text-align: left;"><span class="plainlinks" style="float:right;"><a class="external text" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87&action=edit&section=0"><span style="color:#555;">تعديل</span></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%AD" title="طالع توثيق القالب"><img alt="طالع توثيق القالب" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Gtk-dialog-info.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-info.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td> </tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg/450px-World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg" decoding="async" width="450" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg/675px-World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg/900px-World_heads_of_state_in_1889.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="1274" /></a><figcaption>تجميعة صور روس دول مهمه سنة 1889. <br />من الشمال لليمين: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yohannes_IV_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yohannes IV of Ethiopia (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Yohannes IV</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_of_Ethiopia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor of Ethiopia (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Emperor of Ethiopia</a>), <a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="توفيق باشا">توفيق باشا</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%89" title="خديوى">خديوى مصر</a>), <a href="/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="عبد الحميد التانى">عبد الحميد التانى</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_of_the_Ottoman_Empire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Sultan of the Ottoman Empire</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naser_al-Din_Shah_Qajar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naser al-Din Shah Qajar (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Naser al-Din Shah Qajar</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Shah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shah (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Shah of Persia</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_IX_of_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian IX of Denmark (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Christian IX</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Denmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Denmark (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">King of Denmark</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dom_(title)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dom (title) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Dom</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu%C3%ADs_I_of_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luís I of Portugal (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Luís I</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_of_Portugal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King of Portugal (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">King of Portugal</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_III_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William III of the Netherlands (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Willem III</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">King of the Netherlands</a>), Dom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedro_II_of_Brazil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedro II of Brazil (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Pedro II</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_of_Brazil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor of Brazil (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Emperor of Brazil</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Milan_I_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Milan I of Serbia (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Milan I</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_of_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King of Serbia (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">King of Serbia</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leopold_II_of_Belgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leopold II of Belgium (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Leopold II</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_of_the_Belgians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King of the Belgians (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">King of the Belgians</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_III_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander III of Russia (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Aleksandr III</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_of_Russia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor of Russia (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Emperor of Russia</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_I_of_Germany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm I of Germany (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Wilhelm I</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=German_Emperor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="German Emperor (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">German Emperor</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=King_of_Prussia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King of Prussia (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">King of Prussia</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Franz Joseph I of Austria (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Franz Joseph I</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_of_Austria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor of Austria (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Emperor of Austria</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=King_of_Hungary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King of Hungary (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">King of Hungary</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victoria of the United Kingdom (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Victoria</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empress_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empress of India (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Empress of India</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Grévy (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Jules Grévy</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="رئيس فرنسا">رئيس فرنسا</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pope_Leo_XIII&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pope Leo XIII (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Leo XIII</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pope (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Pope</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_Meiji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor Meiji (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Meiji</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_of_Japan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor of Japan (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Emperor of Japan</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guangxu_Emperor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guangxu Emperor (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Guangxu</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Emperor_of_China&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emperor of China (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Emperor of China</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umberto_I_of_Italy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umberto I of Italy (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Umberto I</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=King_of_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King of ايالا (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">King of ايالا</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Don_(honorific)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Don (honorific) (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Don</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfonso_XII_of_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfonso XII of Spain (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Alfonso XII</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ملك اسبانيا">ملك اسپانيا</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oscar_II_of_Sweden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oscar II of Sweden (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Oscar II</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Sweden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Sweden (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">King of Sweden</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monarchy_of_Norway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monarchy of Norway (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">and Norway</a>) and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chester_A._Arthur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chester A. Arthur (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">Chester A. Arthur</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="رئيس امريكا">رئيس امريكا</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>قائد الدوله</b> او <b>راس الدوله</b> (<small><a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%89" title="انجليزى">بالانجليزى</a>:</small> Head of state) هوا مصطلح بيستخدم فى <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="قانون دستورى (الصفحه مالهاش وجود)">القانون الدستورى</a> و <a href="/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89" title="القانون الدولى">القانون الدولى</a>, و العلوم السياسيه, و البروتوكول الدبلوماسى للكلام عن المسؤول اللى بيشتغل فى اعلى منصب فى المرتبه فى <a href="/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%87" title="دوله سايده">دوله ليها سياده</a> و المسؤول ده بيكون ليه صلاحيات للعمل كممثل لشعب الدوله. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="لينكات_برانيه"><span id=".D9.84.D9.8A.D9.86.D9.83.D8.A7.D8.AA_.D8.A8.D8.B1.D8.A7.D9.86.D9.8A.D9.87"></span>لينكات برانيه</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87&action=edit&section=1" title="تعديل جزء : لينكات برانيه"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="wd_p373"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heads_of_state">راس دوله</a> – صور وتسجيلات صوتيه و مرئيه على <a href="/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B2" title="ويكيميديا كومونز">ويكيميديا كومونز</a><span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48352#P373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File"><span title="عدل على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </a></span></span></li> <li><span class="wd_p646"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?kgmid=/m/03hm3">راس دوله</a> معرف مخطط فريبيس للمعارف الحره<span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48352#P646"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File"><span title="عدل على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </a></span></span></li> <li><span class="wd_p1296"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/ec-gec-0152834.xml">راس دوله</a> معرف جران منشورات الموسوعه الكتالانيه<span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48352#P1296"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File"><span title="عدل على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </a></span></span></li> <li><span class="wd_p268"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11947193g">راس دوله</a> معرف المكتبه الوطنيه الفرنسيه (BnF)<span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48352#P268"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File"><span title="عدل على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </a></span></span></li> <li><span class="wd_p691"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph206873">راس دوله</a> معرف قاعده بيانات الضبط الوطنيه التشيكيه<span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48352#P691"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File"><span title="عدل على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </a></span></span></li> <li><span class="wd_p244"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85059496">راس دوله</a> معرف مكتبه الكونجرس (LCAuth)<span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48352#P244"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File"><span title="عدل على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </a></span></span></li> <li><span class="wd_p227"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4130304-0">راس دوله</a> معرف ملف استنادى متكامل<span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback" style="padding-left:.3em"><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48352#P227"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File"><span title="عدل على Wikidata"><img alt="عدل على Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="مصادر"><span id=".D9.85.D8.B5.D8.A7.D8.AF.D8.B1"></span>مصادر</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87&action=edit&section=2" title="تعديل جزء : مصادر"><span>تعديل</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10246856">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">اتجابت من "<a dir="ltr" href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=راس_دوله&oldid=10806851">https://arz.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=راس_دوله&oldid=10806851</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81" title="خاص:تصانيف">تصانيف</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%87" title="تصنيف:سياسه">سياسه</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">تصنيفات مستخبية: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%A9_P18" title="تصنيف:صفحات تستخدم خاصية P18">صفحات تستخدم خاصية P18</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="تصنيف:صفحات بها بيانات ويكي بيانات">صفحات بها بيانات ويكي بيانات</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="تصنيف:صفحات فيها داتا ويكيداتا">صفحات فيها داتا 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