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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Ваза Франсуа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ваза Франсуа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Ваза Франсоа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ваза Франсоа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vas_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Vas François – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vas François" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oisvase" title="Françoisvase – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Françoisvase" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%27_vaas" title="François' vaas – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="François' vaas" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κρατήρας του Κλειτία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κρατήρας του Κλειτία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaso_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Vaso François – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vaso François" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vase_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Vase François – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vase François" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaso_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Vaso François – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Vaso François" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaso_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Vaso François – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vaso François" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%93_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A0%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%90%D7%94" title="כד פרנסואה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כד פרנסואה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-v%C3%A1za" title="François-váza – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="François-váza" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0" title="Вазна Франсоа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Вазна Франсоа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oisvaas" title="Françoisvaas – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Françoisvaas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AF%E3%81%AE%E5%A3%B7" title="フランソワの壷 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランソワの壷" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waza_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Waza François – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Waza François" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaso_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Vaso François – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Vaso François" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B0" title="Ваза Франсуа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ваза Франсуа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B0-%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Франсоа-ваза – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Франсоа-ваза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaza_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Vaza François – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Vaza François" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-vaasi" 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href="/wiki/File:Attic_Black-Figure_Volute-Krater,_known_as_the_Francois_vase,_ca._570-565_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Attic_Black-Figure_Volute-Krater%2C_known_as_the_Francois_vase%2C_ca._570-565_BCE.jpg/220px-Attic_Black-Figure_Volute-Krater%2C_known_as_the_Francois_vase%2C_ca._570-565_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Attic_Black-Figure_Volute-Krater%2C_known_as_the_Francois_vase%2C_ca._570-565_BCE.jpg/330px-Attic_Black-Figure_Volute-Krater%2C_known_as_the_Francois_vase%2C_ca._570-565_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Attic_Black-Figure_Volute-Krater%2C_known_as_the_Francois_vase%2C_ca._570-565_BCE.jpg/440px-Attic_Black-Figure_Volute-Krater%2C_known_as_the_Francois_vase%2C_ca._570-565_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Attic black-figure volute krater, known as the François vase, ca. 570-565 BCE</figcaption></figure><p>The <b>François Vase</b>, (or <b>François Krater</b>), is a large <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Attic</a> <a href="/wiki/Volute" title="Volute">volute</a> <a href="/wiki/Krater" title="Krater">krater</a> decorated in the <a href="/wiki/Black-figure" class="mw-redirect" title="Black-figure">black-figure</a> style. It stands at 66 centimetres (26 in) in height and was inspired by earlier bronze vases. It was used for wine. A milestone in the development of ancient <a href="/wiki/Greek_pottery" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek pottery">Greek pottery</a> due to the drawing style used as well as the combination of related stories depicted in the numerous friezes,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is dated to circa 570/560 BCE. The François Vase was discovered in 1844 in <a href="/wiki/Chiusi" title="Chiusi">Chiusi</a> where an <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan</a> tomb in the necropolis of Fonte Rotella was found located in central Italy. It was named after its discoverer <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Fran%C3%A7ois" title="Alessandro François">Alessandro François</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is now in the <a href="/wiki/National_Archaeological_Museum_(Florence)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Archaeological Museum (Florence)">Museo Archeologico</a> in <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>. It remains uncertain whether the krater was used in Greece or in <a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a>, and whether the handles were broken and repaired in Greece or in Etruria. The François Vase may have been made for a <a href="/wiki/Symposium" title="Symposium">symposium</a> given by a member of an aristocratic family in <a href="/wiki/History_of_Athens#Antiquity" title="History of Athens">Solonian Athens</a> (possibly for a special occasion, such as a wedding), then broken and, after being carefully repaired, sent to Etruria, perhaps as an instance of elite-gift exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It bears the inscriptions <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc">Ergotimos mepoiesen</i></span> and <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc">Kleitias megraphsen</i></span>, meaning '<a href="/wiki/Ergotimos" title="Ergotimos">Ergotimos</a> made me' and '<a href="/wiki/Kleitias" title="Kleitias">Kleitias</a> painted me'.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It depicts 270 figures, 121 of which have accompanying inscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is highly unusual for so many to be identifiable: the scenes depicted represent a number of mythological themes. </p><p>In 1900 the vase was smashed into 638 pieces by a museum guard hurling a wooden stool against the protective glass. It was restored by Pietro Zei in 1902, followed by a second reconstruction in 1973 incorporating previously missing pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Vase&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze,_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_8.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_8.JPG/220px-Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_8.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_8.JPG/330px-Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_8.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_8.JPG/440px-Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_8.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Detail: outer side with the <a href="/wiki/Potnia_Theron" title="Potnia Theron">Mistress of Animals</a> above a vignette showing <a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax</a> carrying the dead <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The uppermost frieze, on the neck of the krater, depicts on side A<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar_hunt" title="Calydonian boar hunt">Calydonian boar hunt</a>, including the heroes <a href="/wiki/Meleager" title="Meleager">Meleager</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peleus" title="Peleus">Peleus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Atalanta" title="Atalanta">Atalanta</a>. The scene is flanked by two <a href="/wiki/Sphinx" title="Sphinx">sphinxes</a> which are separated from it by a band of lotus blossoms and palmettes. On the other side of the vessel, this zone features the dance of Athenian youths led by <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a> who is playing the lyre, standing opposite <a href="/wiki/Ariadne" title="Ariadne">Ariadne</a> and her nurse. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze,_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_5.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_5.JPG/220px-Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_5.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_5.JPG/330px-Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_5.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_5.JPG/440px-Museo_archeologico_di_Firenze%2C_Vaso_Fan%C3%A7ois_5.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Detail: the <a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar_hunt" title="Calydonian boar hunt">Calydonian boar hunt</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The second band on side A shows the chariot race which is part of the funeral games for <a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a>, instituted by his friend <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>, in the last year of the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a>. Here, Achilles is standing in front of a bronze tripod, which would have been one of the prizes, while the participants include the Greek heroes <a href="/wiki/Diomedes" title="Diomedes">Diomedes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Odysseus" title="Odysseus">Odysseus</a>. On side B, the painted scene depicts a battle of the <a href="/wiki/Lapiths" title="Lapiths">Lapiths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Centaurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Centaurs">Centaurs</a>. The most famous of these conflicts took place at the wedding party of <a href="/wiki/Pirithous" title="Pirithous">Pirithous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hippodamia_(wife_of_Pirithous)" title="Hippodamia (wife of Pirithous)">Hippodamia</a>, which is probably depicted here, as the hero <a href="/wiki/Theseus" title="Theseus">Theseus</a> is found among the combatants, a friend of Pirithous who himself was not a Lapith, but said to be among the wedding guests. The scene also includes the demise of the Lapith hero <a href="/wiki/Caeneus" title="Caeneus">Caeneus</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos,_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois,_570_ac_ca._01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos%2C_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois%2C_570_ac_ca._01.JPG/220px-Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos%2C_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois%2C_570_ac_ca._01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos%2C_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois%2C_570_ac_ca._01.JPG/330px-Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos%2C_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois%2C_570_ac_ca._01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos%2C_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois%2C_570_ac_ca._01.JPG/440px-Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos%2C_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois%2C_570_ac_ca._01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2204" data-file-height="2141" /></a><figcaption>The vase is signed by Ergotimos (potter) and Kleitias (painter)</figcaption></figure> <p>The third frieze on both sides, the highest and also most prominent one because of its location on the top of the body vessel, depicts the procession of the gods to the wedding of <a href="/wiki/Peleus" title="Peleus">Peleus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Thetis</a>. Because of its large number of figures, the procession is a suitable topic to decorate the long band. The end of the procession shows Peleus between an altar and the house where Thetis can be seen sitting inside. He is greeting his teacher, the centaur <a href="/wiki/Chiron" title="Chiron">Chiron</a>, who is heading the procession together with the divine messenger <a href="/wiki/Iris_(mythology)" title="Iris (mythology)">Iris</a>, followed by many other deities. </p><p>The fourth frieze on side A depicts the ambush of <a href="/wiki/Troilus" title="Troilus">Troilus</a> by <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>. Side B shows the return of <a href="/wiki/Hephaestus" title="Hephaestus">Hephaestus</a> to Olympus; sitting on a mule, he is led to the Olympian gods by <a href="/wiki/Dionysus" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a>, followed by a group of <a href="/wiki/Satyr" title="Satyr">silens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nymph" title="Nymph">nymphs</a>. </p><p>The fifth frieze shows sphinxes and griffins flanking lotus blossom and palmettes ornaments and panthers and lions attacking bulls, a boar, and a deer. </p><p>On the foot of the vessel, there is on both sides a depiction of the battle between <a href="/wiki/Pygmy_(Greek_mythology)" title="Pygmy (Greek mythology)">Pygmies</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerana" title="Gerana">cranes</a>. </p><p>The handles are decorated as well, showing on their outer sides the so-called <a href="/wiki/Potnia_Theron" title="Potnia Theron">Mistress of Animals</a> above a vignette showing <a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax</a> carrying the dead <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>. The fields on the inner sides of the handles above the rim of the pot each feature a <a href="/wiki/Gorgon" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorgon">Gorgon</a> in motion. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Vase&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The wedding of <a href="/wiki/Thetis" title="Thetis">Peleus and Thetis</a> provides the central image on the vase. Only one of the six friezes which cover the pot is an animal frieze, and that is quite remote in style from Corinthian work. All the others show episodes from myth, and labels are copiously used, even for inanimate objects such as fountains and seats.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Florencia_Fran%C3%A7ois_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Florencia_Fran%C3%A7ois_01.JPG/220px-Florencia_Fran%C3%A7ois_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Florencia_Fran%C3%A7ois_01.JPG/330px-Florencia_Fran%C3%A7ois_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Florencia_Fran%C3%A7ois_01.JPG/440px-Florencia_Fran%C3%A7ois_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Detail: the procession of the gods to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis</figcaption></figure> <p>With the combination of related stories and the unique drawing style by Kleitias, this pot constitutes something new in <a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athenian</a> painting. The scenes on this pot include both crucial moments in stories, including when <a href="/wiki/Peleus" title="Peleus">Peleus and Meleager</a> are about to spear the <a href="/wiki/Calydonian_boar" class="mw-redirect" title="Calydonian boar">Calydonian boar</a> (top frieze), and the periods where the crucial action is past with the dance of the Athenian maidens and youths freed from the Minotaur (top frieze), the marriage of Peleus and Thetis, and Achilles' pursuit of Troilos in the second frieze up. Past or future episodes are frequent in the friezes. The body of <a href="/wiki/Antaeus" title="Antaeus">Antaios</a> beneath the boar seems likely to allude to the death of the man who taunted Atalanta, seen here just behind Meleager, for not hunting in a manly way; beside Atalanta is <a href="/wiki/Melanion" class="mw-redirect" title="Melanion">Melanion</a>, the man who won her hand in marriage either by his prowess as a hunter or by using trickery to beat her in a race. A fountain house, a dropped water jar, and the running figure of <a href="/wiki/Polyxena" title="Polyxena">Polyxena</a> signal the circumstances in which <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> ambushed Troilos, but the gods around the fountain house seem to allude to Achilles' subsequent killing of Troilos in a sanctuary.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The various scenes on the pot seem to be held together by two sorts of association. On one hand there are a set of scenes which trace the story of the house of Peleus from his participation in the hunt for the Calydonian boar through his marriage to Thetis. It goes all the way to the role in the <a href="/wiki/Trojan_War" title="Trojan War">Trojan War</a> of their son Achilles, who puts on funeral games for his companion <a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a> (second frieze down), ambushes <a href="/wiki/Troilus" title="Troilus">Troilos</a> and finally is himself carried dead from the battlefield by <a href="/wiki/Ajax_the_Great" title="Ajax the Great">Ajax</a>. The kneeling figure of Ajax carries the corpse of Achilles from the battlefield at <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Troy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> thus appears twice close on one side of the vase: alive while organizing the funeral games for his dead companion Patroclus, and immediately adjacent he is dead himself.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the other hand, there are scenes which offer parallels to these episodes: the processional return of the god Hephaestus to Olympus (second frieze up) parallels the celebration of Peleus' wedding to Thetis. The battle of <a href="/wiki/Lapiths" title="Lapiths">lapiths</a> and centaurs and the liberation of the Athenians from the Minotaur parallel the deliverance from the Calydonian boar, and link Peleus' exploits to those of the Athenian hero Theseus. Such typological parallels are one of the means by which poets from Homer on have enriched their narratives. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kleitias_and_Ergotimos">Kleitias and Ergotimos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Vase&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kleitias and Ergotimos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos,_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois,_570_ac_ca._giochi_funebri_per_patroclo_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos%2C_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois%2C_570_ac_ca._giochi_funebri_per_patroclo_03.JPG/220px-Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos%2C_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois%2C_570_ac_ca._giochi_funebri_per_patroclo_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos%2C_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois%2C_570_ac_ca._giochi_funebri_per_patroclo_03.JPG/330px-Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos%2C_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois%2C_570_ac_ca._giochi_funebri_per_patroclo_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos%2C_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois%2C_570_ac_ca._giochi_funebri_per_patroclo_03.JPG/440px-Kleitias_e_vasaio_ergotimos%2C_cratere_fran%C3%A7ois%2C_570_ac_ca._giochi_funebri_per_patroclo_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2588" /></a><figcaption>Detail: funeral games for Patroclus</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Archaic_Greece" title="Archaic Greece">Archaic</a> period, <a href="/wiki/Kleitias" title="Kleitias">Kleitias</a> (Klitias) (c. 580- c. 550 BCE) was a well known potter and painter. Kleitias' signature has been found on five vases; four of them are signed by Kleitias as the painter and <a href="/wiki/Ergotimos" title="Ergotimos">Ergotimos</a> as the potter. Kleitias's drawings were especially detailed in regard to animal and human anatomy and when depicting textiles, making him a unique artist of his time. He engaged his viewers by bringing variety to every image allowing the viewer to discover each figure differently each time. He pioneered the use of paired figures, particularly in the topmost friezes on each side, the boar hunt. In the boat returning from <a href="/wiki/Crete" title="Crete">Crete</a>, he makes repeated use of figures who are side by side and engaged in similar actions so that one sees only part of the figure behind, which becomes a sort of shadow of the figure in the front. Other collaborations of the two include two cups and some cup fragments, from which their signatures were lost. Other vases have been attributed to Kleitias on the basis of style.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Vase&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOsborne" class="citation book cs1">Osborne, Robin. <i>Archaic and Classical Greek Art</i>. p. 93.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaic+and+Classical+Greek+Art&rft.pages=93&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Vase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180323220113/http://arthistorians.info/francoisa">"Dictionary of Art Historians"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arthistorians.info/francoisa">the original</a> on 2018-03-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Art+Historians&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farthistorians.info%2Ffrancoisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Vase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIozzo" class="citation book cs1">Iozzo, Mario. <i>The François Vase</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fran%C3%A7ois+Vase&rft.aulast=Iozzo&rft.aufirst=Mario&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Vase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Making"/"poiein" and "painting"/"graphein" as two different activities in pottery are distinguished in painted signatures on ancient Greek pots as early as the middle of the 7th century BCE; while the first extant signature stating that someone "made" a pot comes from the late 8th century BCE, we find the earliest reference to its "painting" in an inscription on a pot dating from the middle of the 7th century BCE (see R. Wachter, <i>Non-Attic Greek Vase Inscriptions</i>, Oxford 2001, EUC 1 and IOI 5, respectively).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldhistory.org/Francois_Vase/">"François Vase"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_History_Encyclopedia" title="World History Encyclopedia">World History Encyclopedia</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-10-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+History+Encyclopedia&rft.atitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Vase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldhistory.org%2FFrancois_Vase%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Vase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCartwright" class="citation book cs1">Cartwright, Mark. <i>François Vase</i>. Ancient History Encyclopedia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fran%C3%A7ois+Vase&rft.pub=Ancient+History+Encyclopedia&rft.aulast=Cartwright&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Vase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">So-called because it depicts the culmination of the procession shown on the vessel's main frieze, the top band on the body, which is also the highest of all.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOsborne" class="citation book cs1">Osborne, Robin. <i>Archaic and Classical Greek Art</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaic+and+Classical+Greek+Art&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Vase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOsborne" class="citation book cs1">Osborne, Robin. <i>Archaic and Classical Greek Art</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archaic+and+Classical+Greek+Art&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Vase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBarringer" class="citation book cs1">Barringer, Judith. <i>Hunters and Hunting on the François Vase</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hunters+and+Hunting+on+the+Fran%C3%A7ois+Vase&rft.aulast=Barringer&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Vase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ergotimos">"Ergotimos and Kleitas"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ergotimos+and+Kleitas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FErgotimos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFran%C3%A7ois+Vase" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Vase&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Antonio Minto: <i>Il Vaso François</i>, Florence 1960</li> <li>Mauro Cristofani et al.: <i>Materiali per servire alla storia del Vaso François</i> (Bollettino d'arte, Serie speciale 1), Rome 1981</li> <li>John D. Beazley: <i>The Development of Attic Black-Figure</i>, 2nd rev. ed., Berkeley 1986, 24-34</li> <li>Thomas H. Carpenter: <i>Art and Myth in Ancient Greece: A Handbook</i>, London 1991</li> <li>H. A. Shapiro, Mario Iozzo, Adrienne Lezzi-Hafter, The François Vase: New Perspectives (2 vols.). Akanthus proceedings 3. Kilchberg, Zurich: Akanthus, 2013. Pp. 192; 7, 47 p. of plates. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783905083330" title="Special:BookSources/9783905083330">9783905083330</a>; 9783905083323</li> <li>Mario Iozzo, Il Vaso François. Rex Vasorum, Florence 2018.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Vase&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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