CINXE.COM
Nuclear Fusion Archives - Space Explored
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" class="no-js"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <script>(function(html){html.className = html.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/,'js')})(document.documentElement);</script> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; </script> <script src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/themes/ninetofive/assets/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script> <!-- Google Tag Manager --> <script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PWTBN8G'); </script> <!-- End Google Tag Manager --> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v23.8 (Yoast SEO v23.8) - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>Nuclear Fusion Archives - Space Explored</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/nuclear-fusion/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Nuclear Fusion Archives" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/nuclear-fusion/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Space Explored" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://spaceexplored.com/guides/nuclear-fusion/","url":"https://spaceexplored.com/guides/nuclear-fusion/","name":"Nuclear Fusion Archives - Space Explored","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://spaceexplored.com/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://spaceexplored.com/guides/nuclear-fusion/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://spaceexplored.com/guides/nuclear-fusion/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/fusion-1-ren-f-2.jpg?quality=82&strip=all","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://spaceexplored.com/guides/nuclear-fusion/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://spaceexplored.com/guides/nuclear-fusion/#primaryimage","url":"https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/fusion-1-ren-f-2.jpg?quality=82&strip=all","contentUrl":"https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/fusion-1-ren-f-2.jpg?quality=82&strip=all","width":2000,"height":1125,"caption":"Image: Pulsar"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://spaceexplored.com/guides/nuclear-fusion/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://spaceexplored.com/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Nuclear Fusion"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://spaceexplored.com/#website","url":"https://spaceexplored.com/","name":"Space Explored","description":"Space News and Launch Views","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://spaceexplored.com/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO Premium plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//9to5mac-com.videoplayerhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.parsely.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//pagead2.googlesyndication.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.typekit.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Space Explored » Feed" href="https://spaceexplored.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Space Explored » Comments Feed" href="https://spaceexplored.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Space Explored » Nuclear Fusion Guide Feed" href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/nuclear-fusion/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Space Explored » Stories Feed" href="https://spaceexplored.com/web-stories/feed/"><link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0' href='https://spaceexplored.com/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?m=1732206022g' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-parsely-recommendations-style-inline-css'> .parsely-recommendations-list-title{font-size:1.2em}.parsely-recommendations-list{list-style:none;padding:unset}.parsely-recommendations-cardbody{overflow:hidden;padding:.8em;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.parsely-recommendations-cardmedia{padding:.8em .8em 0} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4' href='https://spaceexplored.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpobGxkZmBkYGQMARIMu1Q==' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='elasticpress-facet-style-inline-css'> .widget_ep-facet input[type=search],.wp-block-elasticpress-facet input[type=search]{margin-bottom:1rem}.widget_ep-facet .searchable .inner,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .searchable .inner{max-height:20em;overflow:scroll}.widget_ep-facet .term.hide,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .term.hide{display:none}.widget_ep-facet .empty-term,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .empty-term{opacity:.5;position:relative}.widget_ep-facet .empty-term:after,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .empty-term:after{bottom:0;content:" ";display:block;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%;z-index:2}.widget_ep-facet .level-1,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .level-1{padding-left:20px}.widget_ep-facet .level-2,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .level-2{padding-left:40px}.widget_ep-facet .level-3,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .level-3{padding-left:60px}.widget_ep-facet .level-4,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .level-4{padding-left:5pc}.widget_ep-facet .level-5,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .level-5{padding-left:75pt}.widget_ep-facet input[disabled],.wp-block-elasticpress-facet input[disabled]{cursor:pointer;opacity:1}.widget_ep-facet .term a,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .term a{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;position:relative}.widget_ep-facet .term a:hover .ep-checkbox,.wp-block-elasticpress-facet .term a:hover .ep-checkbox{background-color:#ccc}.ep-checkbox{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;-ms-flex-negative:0;-webkit-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;align-items:center;background-color:#eee;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;flex-shrink:0;height:1em;justify-content:center;margin-right:.25em;width:1em}.ep-checkbox:after{border:solid #fff;border-width:0 .125em .125em 0;content:"";display:none;height:.5em;-webkit-transform:rotate(45deg);transform:rotate(45deg);width:.25em}.ep-checkbox.checked{background-color:#5e5e5e}.ep-checkbox.checked:after{display:block} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-8' href='https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/search/elasticpress/dist/css/related-posts-block-styles.min.css?m=1733250499g' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 800px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1000px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: underline;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10' href='https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/9to5-core/dist/css/frontend.css?m=1723129205g' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='10up-CCfonts-css' href='https://use.typekit.net/sib3lzi.css?ver=1ea59df1b77223e7f3ab' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='critical-css' href='https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/themes/ninetofive/dist/css/critical.css?ver=1ea59df1b77223e7f3ab' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-14' href='https://spaceexplored.com/_static/??-eJytj8FOAzEMRH+IrFuWwgnxKVU2drouiZPGCaV/T5ZqUZHggjjannmegXM2LkklqVBniqQgLFST5zcCZK3gVMGXTw0OfbiDG09sJod2YFE4Us3WvZrtw7CBmLCFDnO2pKYUQM+cqZipCQb6O2a9rosvEosLDRdpj4tWZ+5sHSLLz5LjqVG5mMYG2YZ0+KZcY62ZctPZSKrs2dnKSYxPxeSk1VjBXgrxkgt17NQ4IGTxedovrv2tC1iQ3v/hixb364+l3PUW7bXSS3zePo3j/W6zGx8/AEUpuz8=' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="//9to5mac-com.videoplayerhub.com/gallery.js?ver=6.7.1" id="blockthrough-js" async></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/themes/ninetofive/dist/js/darkmode.js?ver=a3cbd9336a0d16e5315f" id="darkmode-js" async></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://spaceexplored.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzwKiwtLUokoopZebmaeXVayjj0+Rbm5melFiSSpUsX2uraG5sZGRgZmBkXEWAK8tIhI=" ></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-json/wp/v2/ninetofive_guides/3627" /> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"Nuclear Fusion","url":"http:\/\/spaceexplored.com\/guides\/nuclear-fusion\/"}</script> <meta name="theme-color" content="#fff"> <script> (function(d){ if ( localStorage.getItem('darkmode') === 'true' ) { d.querySelector( 'meta[name=theme-color]' ).setAttribute( 'content', '#000' ); } })(document); </script> <link rel="mask-icon" color="#000000" href="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/themes/ninetofive/dist/svg/spaceexplored.svg"> <meta name="google-adsense-platform-account" content="ca-host-pub-5506057612223327"> <script type="text/plain" data-consent-needed="marketing"> // load the apstag.js library !function(a9,a,p,s,t,A,g){if(a[a9])return;function q(c,r){a[a9]._Q.push([c,r])}a[a9]={init:function(){q("i",arguments)},fetchBids:function(){q("f",arguments)},setDisplayBids:function(){},targetingKeys:function(){return[]},_Q:[]};A=p.createElement(s);A.async=!0;A.src=t;g=p.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];g.parentNode.insertBefore(A,g)}("apstag",window,document,"script","//c.amazon-adsystem.com/aax2/apstag.js"); //initialize the apstag.js library on the page to allow bidding apstag.init({ pubID: 'fee31bcb-d8b7-4565-8a5b-b1097e207e11', adServer: 'googletag' }); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-consent-needed="marketing"> PWT.jsLoaded = function(){ // PubMatic pwt.js on load callback is used to load GPT (function() { var gads = document.createElement('script'); var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol; gads.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') + '//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js'; var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node); })(); }; (function() { var purl = window.location.href; var url = '//ads.pubmatic.com/AdServer/js/pwt/161751/12088'; var profileVersionId = ''; if(purl.indexOf('pwtv=')>0){ var regexp = /pwtv=(.*?)(&|$)/g; var matches = regexp.exec(purl); if(matches.length >= 2 && matches[1].length > 0){ profileVersionId = '/'+matches[1]; } } var wtads = document.createElement('script'); wtads.async = true; wtads.type = 'text/javascript'; wtads.src = url + profileVersionId + '/pwt.js'; var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; node.parentNode.insertBefore(wtads, node); })(); </script> <link rel="icon" href="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/cropped-spaceexplored-planet-favicon.jpg?quality=82&strip=all&w=32" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/cropped-spaceexplored-planet-favicon.jpg?quality=82&strip=all&w=192" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/cropped-spaceexplored-planet-favicon.jpg?quality=82&strip=all&w=180" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/05/cropped-spaceexplored-planet-favicon.jpg?quality=82&strip=all&w=270" /> <style> .rd6c23fd74 { text-align: center; min-height: 120px; background: url('https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/themes/ninetofive/dist/images/top-leaderboard-bg.png') repeat center; } .darkmode--activated .rd6c23fd74 { background-image: url('https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/themes/ninetofive/dist/images/top-leaderboard-bg-dark.png') } @media (min-width: 65.5625em) { .rd6c23fd74 { min-height: 270px; } } .rd6c23fd74 .inlinead { background-color: transparent; min-height: 1px; } .rd6c23fd74 .inlinead > div { background-color: transparent; padding: 0; } .color-scheme-electrek .rd6c23fd74 { background-color: #939598; } .ad { margin: 0 auto; } .rd736c0ae1 { isolation: isolate; } @media (min-width: 20em) and (max-width: 47.9375em) { .rd736c0ae1 { text-align: center; } } @media (min-width: 48em) { .rd736c0ae1 { float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; } } .rd523335f7 { line-height: 0; max-width: 300px; position: relative; } .rd523335f7 h3 { background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7); bottom: 0; box-sizing: border-box; color: #fff; font-size: 1.17em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.3; margin: 0 0; padding: 0.25em 0.5em; position: absolute; text-align: left; width: 100%; } .post-body .rd523335f7 h3 { font-size: 1em; } @media (min-width: 48em) { .post-body .rd523335f7 { float: right; margin-left: 20px; width: 300px; height: 250px; } } @media (min-width: 62.5em) { .post-body .rd523335f7 { margin: 0 -36px 20px 20px; } } .rd12d93350 .rd523335f7 { margin: 0 auto; } .rdb8a14b4f { cursor: pointer } .rd39d96bc8 { display: flex; justify-content: center; margin: var(--sp-large) 0; } </style> <script> var PWT = {}; // PubMatic namespace. window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; var googletag = googletag || {}; googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || []; </script> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> .entry-content .wp-story-container { height: auto; } #comments.comments-area { background: #f7f7f7; } </style> </head> <body class="archive tax-ninetofive_guides term-nuclear-fusion term-3627 wp-embed-responsive color-scheme-spaceexplored ninetofive-spaceexplored"> <script> (function(d){ if ( localStorage.getItem('darkmode') === 'true' ) { d.body.classList.add('darkmode--activated'); } })(document); </script> <!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=id=GTM-PWTBN8G" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) --> <a href="#main" class="skip-to-content-link visually-hidden-focusable">Skip to main content</a> <header class="site-header"> <div class="site-header__inner"> <div class="header-top"> <div class="header-top__inner container"> <div class="flex"> <button class="main-menu-toggle js-button" id="js-main-menu-toggle" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="header-bottom" title="Toggle main menu"> <div class="burger"></div> <span class="screen-reader-text">Toggle main menu</span> </button> <div class="header-logo flex"> <a href="https://spaceexplored.com/" rel="home"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 221 56" class="icon-ninetofive-spaceexplored"><path d="M124.784 47.076c-2.164.37-4.39.065-6.374-.876a61 61 0 0 0 4.063-2.749h.478l1.195-.08a6.65 6.65 0 0 0 5.498-5.975 56 56 0 0 0 3.426-3.506 10.521 10.521 0 0 1-8.286 13.226zm7.927-14.301a56 56 0 0 1-3.067 3.227l-.08-.439a6.69 6.69 0 0 0-5.144-5.363 6.694 6.694 0 0 0-8.079 5.638 6.735 6.735 0 0 0 4.778 7.374c-1.315.916-2.55 1.753-3.705 2.43a10.477 10.477 0 1 1 15.297-12.867m-89.435 4.103-7.967-8.485h6.772l5.458 6.055 5.537-6.055h6.613l-7.967 8.405 8.525 8.526h-7.011l-5.697-6.096-5.737 6.096h-6.931zM18.06 41.499v-9.282h13.704v-3.824H13v16.93h18.923V41.5z" /><path d="M21.007 35.165h9.96v3.346h-9.96zm60.235-6.135c-1.036-.558-1.913-.637-5.18-.637H63.116v16.93h5.14V32.497h7.489c2.191 0 2.709.478 2.709 2.51 0 1.593-.598 2.031-2.71 2.031h-4.58v4.144h5.378c2.948 0 4.063-.2 5.059-.797 1.394-.877 1.992-2.55 1.992-5.777 0-3.226-.638-4.74-2.35-5.577m6.931-.637h5.179V41.14h14.421v4.183h-19.6zm82.264 6.772h10v3.346h-10z" /><path d="M167.529 41.5v-9.283h13.704v-3.824H162.47v16.93h18.923V41.5zm18.804-13.107h14.62c3.585 0 5.258.398 6.414 1.553.956.917 1.354 1.992 1.513 4.143l.12 2.79c0 1.513-.12 3.266-.279 4.222-.279 2.032-1.673 3.625-3.545 3.984-.956.199-1.713.239-3.546.239h-15.297zM200.116 41.3c1.395 0 1.514 0 2.112-.2 1.235-.398 1.593-1.274 1.593-4.222 0-3.545-.637-4.263-3.585-4.263h-8.764V41.3zm-44.14-2.43c2.152-.518 2.909-1.753 2.909-4.9 0-2.27-.439-3.745-1.435-4.502-.956-.836-2.27-1.075-5.298-1.075h-14.58v16.93h5.139V32.537h8.206c1.554 0 1.992.08 2.35.518.359.318.439.796.439 1.872 0 1.673-.478 1.992-2.948 1.992h-5.139v4.143h4.979c2.311-.04 2.829.319 2.829 2.151v2.112h5.258v-2.67c.04-2.55-.597-3.465-2.709-3.784m-47.645-21.154c0 2.47-.08 3.307-.438 4.064-.678 1.474-2.032 2.15-4.661 2.31-1.036.12-3.068.12-6.454.12-4.9 0-6.454-.2-7.848-1.116-1.673-1.035-2.151-2.828-2.151-7.848 0-4.461.518-6.095 2.31-7.09 1.514-.877 3.148-1.116 7.888-1.116 6.334 0 7.689.12 9.123.836 1.394.678 2.032 2.192 2.032 4.661v.558h-4.94c-.12-1.832-.478-1.992-4.94-1.992-4.223 0-4.98.08-5.617.638-.598.557-.757 1.274-.757 4.023 0 4.064.398 4.343 5.338 4.343 3.825 0 4.382 0 5.099-.32.757-.318 1.036-.836 1.036-2.07zM75.624 7.16h-6.891L59.21 24.09h5.856l7.052-13.305 7.17 13.305h5.617zm41.869 13.107v-9.282h13.665V7.159h-18.764V24.09h18.963v-3.824z" /><path d="M120.402 13.932h9.999v3.346h-9.999zM56.263 7.797c-1.075-.518-1.912-.638-5.178-.638H38.137V24.09h5.14V11.263h7.489c2.19 0 2.709.478 2.709 2.51 0 1.593-.598 2.031-2.71 2.031h-4.58v4.143h5.378c2.908 0 4.063-.199 5.059-.797 1.394-.876 1.992-2.55 1.992-5.776s-.638-4.74-2.35-5.577M22.362 20.585c5.975 0 6.693-.16 6.693-1.594 0-.677-.32-1.155-.877-1.354q-.557-.16-3.227-.2h-4.66c-3.108 0-4.423-.199-5.498-.757C13.558 16.083 13 14.73 13 12.418c0-3.068.876-4.342 3.307-4.94C17.66 7.12 19.653 7 23.357 7c5.937 0 10.08.16 10.08.16v3.664s-5.538-.199-8.844-.199c-1.674 0-3.864.04-4.701.12-1.355.08-1.833.438-1.833 1.394 0 .717.359 1.195 1.116 1.354.319.08.398.12 2.071.12h4.82c.439 0 2.71.08 3.586.16 3.227.119 4.502 1.553 4.502 4.94 0 3.146-.917 4.5-3.387 5.058-1.274.28-3.784.439-7.489.439-6.414 0-10.198-.2-10.198-.2v-3.704s5.378.279 9.282.279" /><path fill="#811bf6" d="M121.039 37.316c0-1.394-1.315-2.709-2.709-2.709 1.394 0 2.709-1.274 2.709-2.669 0 1.395 1.275 2.67 2.669 2.67-1.394 0-2.669 1.314-2.669 2.708M119.199 39.248a.86.86 0 1 0 0-1.72.86.86 0 0 0 0 1.72M123.469 37.607a.43.43 0 1 0 0-.86.43.43 0 0 0 0 .86M122.971 31.922a.43.43 0 1 0 0-.86.43.43 0 0 0 0 .86M125.82 34.528c0-.638-.598-1.275-1.275-1.275.677 0 1.275-.598 1.275-1.275 0 .677.637 1.275 1.274 1.275-.637 0-1.274.637-1.274 1.275M72.079 24.09c0-2.27-2.111-4.342-4.382-4.342 2.27 0 4.382-2.111 4.382-4.382 0 2.27 2.071 4.382 4.342 4.382-2.27 0-4.342 2.072-4.342 4.342m56.171 15.378a.877.877 0 0 1-1.514.597l1.275-1.155c.159.16.239.358.239.558m-3.068 2.23a.44.44 0 0 1-.438.439.6.6 0 0 1-.359-.16l.678-.557c.079.08.119.199.119.278" class="purple" /><path fill="#811bf6" d="M125.461 39.786c-6.812 5.737-13.425 9.322-15.497 8.525a.9.9 0 0 1-.438-.318c-.757-.877.279-3.147 2.59-6.016-.598 1.076-.837 1.913-.638 2.47l.159.319.439.279c1.792.637 7.011-2.072 12.309-6.534 5.339-4.461 8.924-9.122 8.565-10.995 0-.199-.079-.358-.199-.478l-.239-.239c-.518-.279-1.434-.199-2.589.2 3.227-1.753 5.657-2.39 6.414-1.475.119.12.159.28.199.439.438 2.19-4.223 8.087-11.075 13.823" class="purple" /></svg> <span class="sr-txt">Go to the Space Explored home page</span> </a> <button aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="js-site-switcher" id="js-button-switcher" class="js-button button-site-switcher"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-chevron-down"><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.286 23.287a2 2 0 0 1-1.415-.586L1.586 10.416a2 2 0 1 1 2.83-2.83l10.87 10.87 10.87-10.87a2 2 0 0 1 2.83 2.83L16.7 22.702c-.39.39-.902.585-1.414.585" /></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Switch site</span> </button> <!-- .header-logo --> </div> </div> <div class="site-switcher" id="js-site-switcher" aria-hidden="true"> <nav class="nav-drawer container"> <ul id="menu-site-menu" class="menu drawer-menu unstyled"> <li class='menu-item-logo menu-item-ninetofive-mac'><a class='' href='https://9to5mac.com/'><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 221 56" class="icon-ninetofive-mac"><title>9to5Mac Logo</title><path fill="#004A7C" d="m17.39 43.42 7.55-11.18a7 7 0 0 1-3.84 1c-5.78 0-10.1-5.58-10.1-11.1 0-2.85 1.2-5.74 3.1-7.77A10.45 10.45 0 0 1 21.97 11c6 0 10.8 5.14 10.8 11.05 0 4.23-1.9 6.73-4.1 10.06L21.1 43.4h-3.7Zm4.53-13.38c4.32.21 7.64-3.46 7.64-7.73 0-4.36-3.15-8.25-7.64-8.25a7.88 7.88 0 0 0-7.73 7.95c-.04 4.31 3.72 8.24 7.73 8.03M43.2 14.4h-7.33v-2.9h17.78v2.9H46.4v29h-3.2zm44 12.95c0 9.28-7.65 16.62-16.89 16.62-8.93 0-16.83-7.2-16.83-16.36A16.7 16.7 0 0 1 70.3 11c9.03 0 16.88 7.2 16.88 16.36Zm-3.2 0c0-7.38-6.35-13.3-13.64-13.3-7.6 0-13.69 6.05-13.69 13.56 0 7.38 6.43 13.3 13.69 13.3 7.5 0 13.64-6 13.64-13.56m11.9-15.83h14.42v2.89H98.5l-1.6 8.8c1.65-.94 3.5-1.5 5.4-1.5 6.05 0 10.67 5.18 10.67 11.09 0 6-4.58 11.18-10.7 11.18-6.05 0-10.54-4.7-10.97-10.58h3.2c.25 4.02 3.36 7.51 7.59 7.51 4.44 0 7.68-3.7 7.68-8.02 0-4.28-3.2-8.12-7.64-8.12-2.59 0-4.96 1.42-6.56 3.37l-2.55-.91 2.9-15.71ZM70.33 16.9v10.94zm0 12.12c.66 0 1.19-.53 1.19-1.18V16.9a1.18 1.18 0 0 0-2.37 0v10.94c0 .66.53 1.18 1.18 1.18m0-1.18h-7.55zm0 1.18a1.18 1.18 0 0 0 0-2.36h-7.55a1.18 1.18 0 0 0 0 2.36z"/><path fill="#0095FF" d="M118.32 11.5h4.93l11.66 27.17 11.61-27.16h4.92v31.9h-3.2V15.06l-12 28.37h-2.72l-12-28.37v28.37h-3.2zm63.17 31.92h-3.06v-4.45h-.09c-1.73 3.33-5.35 5.01-9.07 5.01-3.54 0-7.38-1.55-10.4-5-.87-.96-2.33-3.94-2.33-7.52 0-3.24 1.33-6.13 3.4-8.3a12.3 12.3 0 0 1 9.25-3.88c3.71 0 7.47 1.64 9.15 5.01h.09v-4.5h3.06zm-21.76-11.7c0 5.18 4.49 9.2 9.54 9.2a9.33 9.33 0 0 0 9.16-9.16 9.2 9.2 0 0 0-9.24-9.41 9.4 9.4 0 0 0-9.46 9.37m50.7 4.79a12.41 12.41 0 0 1-11.5 7.47c-7.03 0-12.9-5.18-12.9-12.4 0-6.99 5.96-12.3 12.78-12.3 5 0 9.84 2.94 11.66 7.69h-3.59a9.47 9.47 0 0 0-8.03-4.62c-5.22 0-9.63 3.88-9.63 9.2 0 5.22 4.1 9.36 9.37 9.36 3.67 0 6.22-1.5 8.3-4.4h3.53Z"/></svg><span class='sr-txt'>9to5Mac</span></a> </li> <li class='menu-item-logo menu-item-ninetofive-google'><a class='' href='https://9to5google.com/'><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 279 56" class="icon-ninetofive-google"><title>9to5Google Logo</title><path fill="#26651A" d="m17.28 41.9 7.43-11a6.9 6.9 0 0 1-3.78.98c-5.69 0-9.93-5.48-9.93-10.91 0-2.8 1.19-5.65 3.06-7.65a10.27 10.27 0 0 1 7.72-3.31c5.9 0 10.6 5.05 10.6 10.87 0 4.16-1.86 6.63-4.03 9.9L20.93 41.9zm4.46-13.16c4.24.21 7.5-3.4 7.5-7.6 0-4.3-3.1-8.12-7.5-8.12a7.75 7.75 0 0 0-7.6 7.82c-.04 4.25 3.65 8.11 7.6 7.9m20.91-15.38h-7.2v-2.84h17.47v2.84H45.8v28.55h-3.14V13.36ZM85.9 26.11c0 9.13-7.51 16.35-16.59 16.35-8.78 0-16.55-7.1-16.55-16.1 0-9.13 7.47-16.35 16.55-16.35 8.87 0 16.59 7.1 16.59 16.1m-3.14 0c0-7.27-6.24-13.09-13.4-13.09A13.35 13.35 0 0 0 55.9 26.36c0 7.26 6.32 13.08 13.45 13.08 7.39 0 13.41-5.9 13.41-13.33m11.71-15.6h14.18v2.85H97l-1.57 8.67a10.63 10.63 0 0 1 5.3-1.49c5.94 0 10.48 5.1 10.48 10.92 0 5.9-4.5 11-10.52 11-5.94 0-10.35-4.63-10.78-10.4h3.14c.26 3.94 3.31 7.38 7.47 7.38 4.37 0 7.55-3.65 7.55-7.9 0-4.2-3.14-7.98-7.5-7.98-2.55 0-4.89 1.4-6.46 3.31l-2.5-.9 2.84-15.45Zm-25.14 5.3v10.77zm0 11.93c.64 0 1.16-.52 1.16-1.16V15.81a1.16 1.16 0 1 0-2.32 0v10.77c0 .64.52 1.16 1.16 1.16m0-1.16H61.9zm0 1.16a1.16 1.16 0 0 0 0-2.32H61.9a1.16 1.16 0 0 0 0 2.32z"/><path fill="#57E53B" d="M148.38 27.42c-.6 8.62-8.15 15.04-16.6 15.04-9.04 0-16.8-7.22-16.8-16.4 0-4.16 1.9-8.37 4.83-11.26a16.7 16.7 0 0 1 11.97-4.8c3.27 0 6.5.9 9.21 2.68 2.04 1.36 4.67 3.78 5.48 6.2h-3.57c-2.2-3.7-6.75-5.86-11.12-5.86-3.35 0-6.75 1.14-9.34 3.52-2.58 2.38-4.32 6-4.32 9.56 0 7.65 6.32 13.34 13.79 13.34 5.6 0 11.12-3.7 12.69-9.17h-17.53v-2.85h21.3Zm27.75 2.72c0 6.63-5.34 12.32-12.05 12.32-6.58 0-12.18-5.35-12.18-12.02a12.2 12.2 0 0 1 12.18-12.28c6.45 0 12.05 5.52 12.05 11.98m-21.1.3c0 4.97 4.08 9 9.05 9 5.18 0 8.91-4.25 8.91-9.3a8.4 8.4 0 0 0-2.71-6.42 9.15 9.15 0 0 0-6.2-2.55 9.1 9.1 0 0 0-9.04 9.27Zm48.14-.3c0 6.63-5.35 12.32-12.06 12.32-6.58 0-12.18-5.35-12.18-12.02a12.2 12.2 0 0 1 12.18-12.28c6.45 0 12.06 5.52 12.06 11.98m-21.1.3c0 4.97 4.08 9 9.04 9 5.18 0 8.92-4.25 8.92-9.3a8.4 8.4 0 0 0-2.72-6.42 9.14 9.14 0 0 0-6.2-2.55 9.1 9.1 0 0 0-9.04 9.27m48.77 8.15c0 3.62-.13 5.83-2.72 8.63-2.25 2.46-5.86 3.78-9.17 3.78-5.09 0-10.1-3.44-11.37-8.54h3.05c1.83 3.44 4.59 5.52 8.58 5.52 2.97 0 6.07-1.36 7.6-4.03 1.01-1.83 1.01-3.32 1.01-5.36v-1.27c-1.48 3.48-5.47 5.14-9.08 5.14a12.5 12.5 0 0 1-8.36-3.4 11.6 11.6 0 0 1-3.65-8.7c0-3.28 1.36-6.25 2.2-7.19 3.06-3.87 6.33-5.01 9.64-5.01 3.7 0 7.47 1.65 9.25 5.01v-4.5h3.02zm-20.97-8.54c0 5.14 3.6 9.4 8.91 9.4 2.47 0 4.63-.81 6.37-2.64a10 10 0 0 0 2.63-6.5c0-5.23-4.12-9.14-9.3-9.14-4.83 0-8.6 4.13-8.6 8.88Zm26.31-19.54h3.14v31.4h-3.14V10.5Zm10.74 20.9c.17 4.42 4.46 8.03 8.74 8.03 3.44 0 6.92-1.9 8.32-5.1h3.27a12.32 12.32 0 0 1-11.29 8.12c-6.8 0-12.18-5.35-12.18-12.15a12.05 12.05 0 0 1 21.43-7.65c2.17 2.68 2.63 5.4 2.72 8.75zm17.87-2.84a9.25 9.25 0 0 0-8.87-7.4 9.11 9.11 0 0 0-9 7.4z"/></svg><span class='sr-txt'>9to5Google</span></a> </li> <li class='menu-item-logo menu-item-ninetofive-toys'><a class='' href='https://9to5toys.com/'><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 205 56" class="icon-ninetofive-toys"><path fill="#6B393B" d="m17.3 42.4 7.4-11c-1.2.7-2.3 1-3.8 1-5.7 0-9.9-5.5-9.9-11 0-2.8 1.2-5.7 3-7.6a10.2 10.2 0 0 1 7.8-3.3c6 0 10.7 5 10.7 10.8 0 4-1.8 6.5-4 9.8L21 42.4zm4.5-13.2c4.2.2 7.4-3.4 7.4-7.6 0-4.3-3-8.1-7.4-8.1a7.8 7.8 0 0 0-7.7 7.8c0 4.3 3.6 8.2 7.6 7.9Zm20.9-15.4h-7.2V11h17.4v2.8h-7.2v28.6h-3zm43.2 12.8C86 35.7 78.4 43 69.3 43a16.4 16.4 0 0 1-16.5-16.2c0-9.1 7.5-16.4 16.5-16.4A16.4 16.4 0 0 1 86 26.6Zm-3 0a13.4 13.4 0 0 0-13.5-13.1 13.3 13.3 0 1 0 0 26.7A13.5 13.5 0 0 0 83 26.6ZM94.5 11h14.3v2.8H97l-1.5 8.7c1.5-1 3.3-1.5 5.3-1.5 6 0 10.4 5 10.4 11 0 5.7-4.5 10.8-10.5 10.8S90.4 38.2 90 32.4h3.1c.3 4 3.4 7.4 7.5 7.4 4.4 0 7.6-3.7 7.6-7.9s-3.1-8-7.5-8a8.6 8.6 0 0 0-6.5 3.3l-2.5-.9 2.8-15.4zm-25 16V16.3zm0 1.2c.5 0 1-.5 1-1.2V16.3a1.2 1.2 0 0 0-2.3 0V27c0 .7.5 1.2 1.2 1.2ZM61.8 27h7.5H62Zm7.5 1.2a1.2 1.2 0 0 0 0-2.3H62a1.2 1.2 0 0 0 0 2.3h7.5Z"/><path fill="#EB373E" d="M120.7 13.8h-7.3V11h17.4v3h-7.2v28.6h-3V13.8Zm33.8 16.8a12.3 12.3 0 0 1-12 12.3c-6.7 0-12.3-5.3-12.3-12a12.3 12.3 0 0 1 12.3-12.3 12.3 12.3 0 0 1 12 12m-21.1.3a9 9 0 1 0 18-.4c0-2.6-.8-4.6-2.6-6.5a9.1 9.1 0 0 0-15.3 6.8zm44.4-11.8-13.4 31.4h-3.3l3.5-8.8-8.9-22.6h3.4l7.5 18.5 7.8-18.5zm4.7 16.4c0 2.4 1.8 4.4 4.2 4.4 2.2 0 4-1.6 4-3.9 0-2.7-2.2-3.8-4.4-4.4-1.6-.5-3.1-1-4.2-2a6 6 0 0 1-1.9-4.4c0-3.8 3.1-6.6 6.7-6.6 3.5 0 6.4 2.9 6.4 6.3h-3c0-2-1.7-3.2-3.7-3.2a3.2 3.2 0 0 0-3.3 3.2c0 2.5 2 3.2 4.1 3.9 3.5 1 6.6 2.5 6.6 6.7 0 4.4-3.3 7.4-7.6 7.4a7.2 7.2 0 0 1-7-7.4h3Z"/></svg><span class='sr-txt'>9to5Toys</span></a> </li> <li class='menu-item-logo menu-item-ninetofive-electrek'><a class='' href='https://electrek.co/'><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 232 56" fill="none" class="icon-ninetofive-electrek"><mask id="ab" style="mask-type:alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="11" y="6" width="212" height="43"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M44 6.5V40c0 4.3 2 7.9 8 7.9h3.6v-6.1H54c-1.4 0-2.1-1-2.1-2.8V6.5h-8Zm148.7 0v41h7.7v-41h-7.7ZM123 8.8v8.6h-3.8v5.8h3.8V40c0 4.3 2 7.9 8 7.9h3.4v-6.1h-1.5c-1.2 0-1.9-1-1.9-2.8V23.2h4.6v-5.8H131V8.8h-8Zm37 23.8c0 11.6 7.4 16 14.1 16 8 0 12.8-4.6 13.3-10h-8.2c-1 2.3-3.1 3-5 3-4.4 0-6.3-3-6.6-7v-2.3l.3-3.3c.4-3.8 2.4-6 5.8-6 3.6 0 5.5 2.5 5.5 6h-7.5v5.6h15.7c.2-12.9-5-18.2-13.7-18.2-8 0-13.8 5.8-13.8 16.2Zm-102 0c0 11.6 7.5 16 14.2 16 8 0 12.8-4.6 13.3-10h-8.2c-1 2.3-3.2 3-5.1 3-4 0-6.3-3-6.3-7l-.2-2.3.2-3.3h.3c.5-3.8 2.1-6 5.5-6 3.6 0 5.6 2.5 5.8 6H70l-.2 2.8.2 2.8h15.5c.2-12.9-5.1-18.2-13.8-18.2-8 0-13.7 5.8-13.7 16.2Zm-47 0c0 11.6 7.5 16 14.2 16 8.2 0 12.8-4.6 13.3-10h-8.2c-.7 2.3-3 3-5 3-4.2 0-6.3-3-6.3-7v-2.3l.2-3.3c.5-3.8 2.4-6 5.5-6 3.6 0 5.6 2.5 5.8 6H23l-.2 2.8.2 2.8h15.5c.2-12.9-5-18.2-13.8-18.2-8 0-13.7 5.8-13.7 16.2Zm136.9-10.1V17h-7.5v30.4h8V33.3c0-6 1.9-8.6 6.7-8.6h2.4v-8.3h-1c-3.6 0-6.2 1.3-8.6 6ZM89.3 32.8c0 9.9 4.8 15.7 13.5 15.7 8 0 12.8-5.8 13.3-12.1h-8c-.2 2.8-1.4 5.3-5 5.3-4.4 0-5.6-4-5.6-9.1 0-7.4 2.7-9.4 5.8-9.4 3.1 0 4.3 2.3 4.8 4.8h8c-1-8.3-5.3-11.6-13-11.6-9 0-13.8 6.6-13.8 16.4ZM212 17.1l-9.2 12.4v2.3l9.6 15.7h9.7L211 30.3l10.6-13.2H212Z" fill="#fff"></path></mask><g mask="url(#ab)"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M480.6 392.6v-590.5h-727v590.5h727Z" fill="url(#bc)"></path></g><defs><linearGradient id="bc" x1="15.4" y1="38.3" x2="218.9" y2="38.3" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><stop stop-color="#5ADFFF"></stop><stop offset=".3" stop-color="#02B7FC"></stop><stop offset="1" stop-color="#00DA97"></stop></linearGradient></defs></svg><span class='sr-txt'>Electrek</span></a> </li> <li class='menu-item-logo menu-item-ninetofive-dronedj'><a class='' href='https://dronedj.com/'><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 176 56" class="icon-ninetofive-dronedj"><title>Drone DJ Logo</title><path fill="#343539" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M110 37.8c-.7-.5-.8-1.3.2-1.7-.4-1-1.7-1.6-2.2-2.5a6.8 6.8 0 0 0-5 3.2c-.2-1.4.5-2.7 2.6-3.6 1.3-.6 2.8-.9 4.3-1 0 .5-.6.7-.7 1.2.4.9 1.6 1.5 2.2 2.4a4 4 0 0 1 2.3.7c.8.5.9 1.3 0 1.7h-.1c.1.8 1.6 1.5 2.2 2.5a6.8 6.8 0 0 0 5-3.2c.2 1.3-.5 2.7-2.6 3.6-1.3.5-2.8.8-4.3.9 0-.4.7-.6.7-1.1-.4-.8-1.8-1.5-2.2-2.5a4 4 0 0 1-2.3-.6Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path fill="#C81C34" d="M22.8 45c15.1 0 15.4-19.7-.1-19.7H13V45zm-.1-4.7h-2.5V30h2.5c5.4 0 5.4 10.3 0 10.3"/><path fill="#C81C34" d="M41.9 45H35v-9.3c0-3.7 3-6.7 6.8-6.7h6v3.8h-3.4c-1.5 0-2.7 1-2.6 3.5V45Z"/><path fill="#C81C34" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M68.5 40.6a16.5 16.5 0 0 1-14.8 1.5c-4.3-2-4.7-5.7-.9-8.5a16.5 16.5 0 0 1 14.8-1.4c4.3 1.9 4.7 5.7.9 8.4m3 1.4a22.9 22.9 0 0 1-20.4 2c-6-2.6-6.6-7.9-1.3-11.7 1.7-1.3 4-2.2 6.3-2.8v.1c.2.6 1 .7 1.5.4l.3-.1v.7c.3.3.7.4 1.1.2.5-.1 1.4-.9 1.8-1.2l1-.8.2.4c0 .4.2.4.4.7.1.2.3.4.6.4.2 0 .4 0 .6-.2l.2-.3c.2-.3 0-.7 0-1 2.3.1 4.5.6 6.4 1.4 6 2.7 6.6 8 1.4 11.8Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path fill="#C81C34" d="M86.3 28.5c-5.4 0-8.9 1.6-8.9 6.3V45h6.5V34.9c0-1.3.7-2.1 2.4-2.1s2.4.8 2.4 2V45h6.6V34.8c0-4.6-3.6-6.3-9-6.3"/><path fill="#C81C34" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M101 42a23 23 0 0 0 20.5 2c2.2-1 3.6-2.2 4.4-3.7h-4.5c-.6.7-1.5 1.3-2.6 1.8-4.3 2-11 1.3-14.7-1.5a7 7 0 0 1-2-2.2h8l-.6-.3c-.9-.6-1-1.6-.2-2.2h-7.8c.3-1.5 1.5-2.8 3.5-3.7 4.3-2 11-1.3 14.8 1.4a7 7 0 0 1 2 2.2h-8.1l.6.3c.9.7 1 1.7.1 2.3h12.1c.2-2-1-4.2-3.6-6.1-3.7-2.7-9.4-4-14.6-3.5v.3c0 .7-.8 1-1.5.9.3.3.3.8 0 1.2-.1.3-.5.4-1 .4-.4 0-.8-.2-1.1-.5l-1.1-1.1c.1 1-1.3 1.3-2 .7-5.3 2.8-5.5 7.7-.5 11.3Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path fill="#C81C34" d="M137.8 45c15.1 0 15.3-19.7-.1-19.7H128V45zm-.2-4.7h-2.5V30h2.5c5.4 0 5.5 10.3 0 10.3"/><path fill="#C81C34" d="M162.9 25.3h-7.5v12.2c0 2.6-.4 3.7-2.6 3.7h-3.5V45h6.1c4.7 0 7.7-2.6 7.5-7V25.2Z"/><path fill="#343539" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M72.7 44a22.9 22.9 0 0 1-20.4 2 10 10 0 0 1-3.6-2.4l1.8 1c9.9 4.3 25.2-.6 25.5-8.1 1 2.4 0 5.2-3.3 7.5m46.5-3.6v.2l.2-.2zM99.8 44a23 23 0 0 0 20.5 2 10 10 0 0 0 3.6-2.4l-1.8 1c-9.9 4.3-25.2-.6-25.6-8.1-1 2.4.1 5.2 3.3 7.5" clip-rule="evenodd"/><path fill="#343539" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m66.3 46.8 14.8 6.8-.8-1.3-13.5-5.7zm40 0-14.7 6.8.8-1.3 13.5-5.7.5.2Zm-20 1H88c.3 0 .4 0 .4.2l.9 4c0 .2-.3.5-.4.5l-.8.2-1 .2a3.5 3.5 0 0 1-1.3 0l-1-.2-.8-.2c-.1 0-.4-.3-.4-.6l.9-3.9c0-.2.2-.3.4-.3h1.6Zm0 5.7h-.6l-2-.5c-.4 0-1-.5-.9-.9l1.1-4.2c0-.3.5-.4.8-.4H88c.3 0 .7.1.8.4l1.1 4.2c0 .4-.5.8-1 1l-1.9.3h-.6Zm0-6.9H84c-.6 0-1.1.3-1.6.6l-1.4 1c-.4.2-1.1.2-1.6 0l-10.8-3.7-4 2 20 9.1c.5.3 1.2.4 1.9.4.6 0 1.3-.1 1.9-.4l20-9.1-4-2-11 3.7c-.4.2-1 .2-1.4 0l-1.5-1c-.5-.3-1-.5-1.6-.6h-2.4Zm-23.8-8.8c.7-.5.8-1.3-.1-1.7.4-1 1.6-1.6 2.1-2.5 2.3.4 3.8 1.4 5 3.2.2-1.4-.5-2.7-2.6-3.6-1.2-.6-2.7-.9-4.3-1 0 .5.6.7.7 1.2-.3.9-1.6 1.5-2.2 2.4a4 4 0 0 0-2.3.7c-.7.5-.8 1.3.1 1.7 0 .8-1.6 1.5-2.1 2.5a6.8 6.8 0 0 1-5-3.2c-.2 1.3.5 2.7 2.6 3.6 1.2.5 2.7.8 4.3.9 0-.4-.7-.6-.7-1.1.4-.8 1.8-1.5 2.2-2.5a4 4 0 0 0 2.3-.6M73.3.6c2.6.4 4 1.7 4.9 3.4l-.7.4c-1.5-2.8-3.7-3.2-6.5-3l-.4.1c-1.4.2-4.6 1.8-3.8 3.2-1.8 0-2.2 2.8-.6 4.5l-.5.3c-1.4-1-1.8-3.6-.7-5.3 1.7-3 5-4.2 8.3-3.6M79 4.3a8 8 0 0 1 1.8 4.4l-.4.1c-.2-1.4-1-3.3-2-4.3zm24.7 18.5c.4-1.5.6-3.5.6-5v-.6c-.3-1.4-4-2.5-5.2-3.6 0-.1 0-.2.2-.3.3-.6-.2-.7-.7-.8H97l-.3-.3-1.8-.5-2.4-1c-.9-.5-1.5-1-2.3-1.3l-1-.5-.8-.5-1-.2a14 14 0 0 0-1.4 0l-1.4.1h-.8l-2.4.2c.8-.8-.7-5.2-2.7-4.6-1-2.1-2.7-3.2-5.2-3.7-3.5-.7-7.1.6-9 3.7q-.9 1.5-.6 3.3c.1 1.2.7 2 1.5 2.7-1 1.6 1.3 4.9 3.4 4.4-1.3-.5-2.6-2.2-3.2-3.8 0-.2.2-.5.5-.6.6 1.9 1.8 3.4 3.3 4.3h.3c-.7.4-1.5.9-1.7 1.5l-.8 3.2-.2.7c0 .2-.3.3-.3.5l-.5 1c0 .3 0 .3.2.4h.2c-1.7 1.2-3.4 2.1-4.6 2.8-.1.2-.2.3-.4.3-.9.4-.6.3-1.2 1-.2.2-.4.3-.5.6v.6c-1.2 1-2.1 1.4-3.1 2.4-.4.2 0 .7.5.4l3.4-2c.1-.1.3-.1 0 0-.4.7-1.4 1.5-2 2s-.4 1 .2.8L62 28c.2 0 .2 0 .2.2l.1.8c0 .2.3.4.3.5l.3.2h.2l.2-.2c0-.1-.3-.8 0-1.3.2-.3.5-.3.7-.7l.3-.6.1-.9h.1c1.3-.9 2.7-1.5 4.6-2.7l.3.2c.3.3 1-.4 1.2-1v-.3l.7-.9c.2-.2.7-.5.9-.9l.3-.2.1-.2c0-.5-.8-1.2-.6-1.3.2 0 1 .8 1.2.7l.4-.3c.2 0-.8-2-.7-2l1.2 2.2 1.4 1.5.4.8c.2.7.6.9 1 1.2.3.3 0 1.8.1 2.1 0 1 .7 2 .6 2.5l-.2 2.7c2.1-2.4 5.8-2.8 8.8-2.8 3.1 0 7 .5 9 3l.9 1.4c.5-.4.8-1 .5-1.6-.1-.2.2-1.7-.7-1.5-.5 0-1-.2-1-.7-.1-1.2.6-1.3 1.3-2.4-.3-.6-1.3-1.9-1.2-2 0-.9-1.3-1.3-1.6-1.9-.7-1.7-.2-2.3-1.5-3.4l-1-.8c-.1-.1-2.2-.2-3.6-2.5-.2-.2.8 1 1.7 1.5 1 .5 2 .4 2 .3l-.5-1.4c.2 0 2.1 2.9 2.3 2.9.6.2 1 .5 1.4.8h.5c.1 0 0 .1 0 .2l1 .3h.4c.2.1.2.2.3 0l.3-1 1.6.6c.4 0 .8.4 1 .8l-.2 2.2c-.3.3-1.2 2.8-2.1 3.5-.4.4-.7.7-.8 1l-.6.8c-.2.4 0 .4.2.5.9.1 1.8-.3 2.2-1 .3-.4 1-.8 1.2-.8s.8.6 1.1 1.5l1.2 2.5c.4.5 1.7.4 1.3-.3-.4-.6-1-2-1.2-3.4a16 16 0 0 0 3.2 4.2c1 .8 2 .3 1.4-.6-1.6-1.6-2.1-2-3-4.2 1.5 1.8 2 2.6 3.3 3.5.7.4 1.4-.2 1-.8-1.4-1.1-1.8-1.4-2.8-2.8 1.2 1 1.5 1.2 2.7 1.7.7.2.8-.3.2-.9-2.6-1.6-2-2.2-3.9-3.8Z" clip-rule="evenodd"/></svg><span class='sr-txt'>DroneDJ</span></a> </li> <li class='menu-item-link'><a class='' href='https://spaceexplored.com/about/'>About</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div><!-- .site-switcher --> <div class="header-right flex"> <nav id="nav-social" class="nav-social" aria-hidden="true" inert> <ul id="menu-social" class="menu flex"><li id="nav-menu-item-16800" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom main-menu-item menu-item-depth-0"><a title="Follow Space Explored on YouTube" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/SpaceExplored" class="menu-link main-menu-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-youtube"><path fill="currentColor" d="m11.903 18.544-.001-8.49 8.105 4.26zM29.7 8.584s-.293-2.082-1.192-2.999c-1.141-1.204-2.42-1.21-3.006-1.28C21.304 4 15.007 4 15.007 4h-.014s-6.297 0-10.495.306c-.587.07-1.865.075-3.006 1.28C.592 6.501.3 8.583.3 8.583s-.3 2.445-.3 4.89v2.292c0 2.445.3 4.89.3 4.89s.292 2.082 1.192 2.998c1.141 1.204 2.64 1.166 3.308 1.292 2.4.232 10.2.304 10.2.304s6.304-.01 10.502-.315c.586-.071 1.865-.077 3.006-1.28.899-.917 1.192-3 1.192-3s.3-2.444.3-4.889v-2.292c0-2.445-.3-4.89-.3-4.89"/></svg></a></li> <li id="nav-menu-item-16801" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom main-menu-item menu-item-depth-0"><a title="Follow Space Explored on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/SpaceExplored" class="menu-link main-menu-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-facebook"><path fill="currentColor" d="M17.3 29.4h-6.2V14.7H8v-5h3.1V6.5C11.1 2.5 13 0 18 0h4v5h-2.6c-2 0-2 .8-2 2v2.6H22l-.5 5h-4.2z"/></svg></a></li> <li id="nav-menu-item-16803" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom main-menu-item menu-item-depth-0"><a title="Follow Space Explored on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/space_explored" class="menu-link main-menu-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-twitter"><path fill="currentColor" d="M17.1 12.4 27.1 1h-2.3L16 10.9 9 1H1l10.5 15L1 28h2.3l9.3-10.4L20 28h8M4.2 2.8H8l16.9 23.6H21"/></svg></a></li> <li id="nav-menu-item-16802" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom main-menu-item menu-item-depth-0"><a title="Follow Space Explored on Instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/space_explored/" class="menu-link main-menu-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-instagram"><path fill="currentColor" d="M15 2.9c3.943 0 4.406.018 5.965.088 1.441.065 2.22.305 2.742.51a4.6 4.6 0 0 1 1.7 1.102 4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.1 1.699c.2.521.446 1.3.51 2.742.07 1.559.088 2.021.088 5.965s-.017 4.406-.087 5.965c-.065 1.441-.305 2.22-.51 2.742a4.6 4.6 0 0 1-1.102 1.7 4.5 4.5 0 0 1-1.699 1.1c-.521.2-1.3.446-2.742.51-1.559.07-2.022.088-5.965.088s-4.406-.017-5.965-.088c-1.441-.064-2.22-.304-2.742-.51a4.6 4.6 0 0 1-1.7-1.1 4.5 4.5 0 0 1-1.1-1.7c-.2-.522-.446-1.3-.51-2.742-.07-1.559-.088-2.022-.088-5.965s.017-4.406.087-5.965c.065-1.441.305-2.22.51-2.742a4.6 4.6 0 0 1 1.102-1.7 4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.699-1.101c.521-.2 1.3-.445 2.742-.51C10.594 2.912 11.057 2.9 15 2.9m0-2.66c-4.008 0-4.512.018-6.088.088-1.57.07-2.642.322-3.58.686a7.2 7.2 0 0 0-2.613 1.705 7.3 7.3 0 0 0-1.705 2.613C.65 6.27.398 7.342.328 8.918.258 10.488.24 10.992.24 15s.018 4.512.088 6.088c.07 1.57.322 2.642.686 3.586a7.2 7.2 0 0 0 1.705 2.613 7.3 7.3 0 0 0 2.613 1.705c.938.363 2.01.615 3.586.686 1.576.07 2.074.088 6.088.088s4.512-.018 6.088-.088c1.57-.07 2.642-.323 3.586-.686a7.2 7.2 0 0 0 2.613-1.705 7.3 7.3 0 0 0 1.705-2.613c.363-.938.615-2.01.686-3.586.07-1.576.087-2.074.087-6.088s-.017-4.512-.087-6.088c-.07-1.57-.323-2.642-.686-3.586a7.2 7.2 0 0 0-1.705-2.613 7.3 7.3 0 0 0-2.613-1.705c-.938-.363-2.01-.615-3.586-.686C19.512.258 19.008.24 15 .24"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M15 7.418a7.583 7.583 0 0 0 0 15.164A7.587 7.587 0 0 0 22.582 15 7.587 7.587 0 0 0 15 7.418m0 12.504a4.921 4.921 0 1 1 0-9.844 4.921 4.921 0 1 1 0 9.844M22.88 8.889a1.77 1.77 0 1 0 0-3.54 1.77 1.77 0 0 0 0 3.54"/></svg></a></li> <li id="nav-menu-item-16844" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom main-menu-item menu-item-depth-0"><a title="Follow Space Explored on Follow" href="/follow" class="menu-link main-menu-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-follow"><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.405 12.3a5.66 5.66 0 0 1-5.65-5.65 5.65 5.65 0 0 1 11.3 0c0 3.12-2.543 5.65-5.65 5.65m0-9.13c-1.905 0-3.475 1.63-3.475 3.48s1.57 3.28 3.475 3.28S18.88 8.5 18.88 6.65 17 3.17 15.405 3.17"/><path fill="currentColor" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" d="m5.957 25.314-.008-.008a.63.63 0 0 1-.199-.465v-.01l.062-3.317V21.5c0-1.852.958-3.52 2.65-4.748 1.7-1.234 4.125-2.007 6.942-2.007s5.242.773 6.941 2.008c1.693 1.23 2.651 2.9 2.651 4.76v.01l.011.754-.001.002a.5.5 0 0 1-.194.08h-.292a.43.43 0 0 1-.182-.07l-.01-.008-.008-.76c-.001-1.99-.916-3.56-2.53-4.599-1.575-1.014-3.778-1.502-6.386-1.502s-4.831.484-6.43 1.493c-1.635 1.031-2.584 2.598-2.584 4.6v.008l.03 2.588.003.245.147.196q.025.035.048.063a.786.786 0 0 0 .43.304l.188.123h6.92l.024.04a1 1 0 0 1 .113.309l.004.03v.008l.001.003v.008l-.004.023a.703.703 0 0 1-.107.252H7.064c-.493 0-.884-.17-1.107-.4Zm1.303-.369h-.004z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M25.499 25.726c0 .405-.332.934-.737.934H22.16v2.6c0 .405-.53.74-.936.74-.405 0-.934-.332-.934-.737V26.66h-2.603c-.405 0-.737-.53-.737-.934 0-.406.332-.936.737-.936h2.603v-2.602c0-.405.53-.737.934-.737.406 0 .936.332.936.737v2.602h2.602c.405 0 .737.53.737.936"/></svg></a></li> </ul> </nav> <button class="social-toggle js-button" id="js-social-toggle" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="nav-social" title="Toggle social menu"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-plus"><circle cx="15" cy="15" r="14" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" /><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" d="M15 7.5v15M22.5 15h-15" /></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Toggle social menu</span> </button> <nav class="nav-utility flex" aria-hidden="true"> <ul id="menu-utility" class="menu flex"><li id="nav-menu-item-2016" class="icon-comment menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page main-menu-item menu-item-depth-0"><a title="Submit a Tip / Contact Us" href="https://spaceexplored.com/contact/" class="menu-link main-menu-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-comment"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 0v19.139h5v4.784h5V30l7.94-6.077H30V4.785h-5V0zm2.5 2.392h20v2.393H5v11.961H2.5zm5 4.785h20v14.354H17.06l-4.56 3.49v-3.49h-5zm3.75 3.589v2.392h12.5v-2.392zm0 4.784v2.392h7.5V15.55z"/></svg></a></li> </ul> </nav> <button class="darkmode-toggle js-button" id="js-darkmode-toggle" aria-pressed="false" title="Toggle dark mode"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="icon-darkmode"><path fill="currentColor" d="M10 14a4 4 0 0 0 0-8z" /><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0m0 2v4a4 4 0 1 0 0 8v4a8 8 0 1 0 0-16" clip-rule="evenodd" /></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Toggle dark mode</span> </button> <div class="header-search" aria-hidden="true"> <form role="search" id="searchform" class="search-form header-search-form" method="get" action="https://spaceexplored.com/"> <label for="search-field" class="screen-reader-text"> Search for: </label> <input type="search" id="search-field" name="s" value="" class="" placeholder="Search …" /> <button type="submit" class="" tabindex="-1"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Submit</span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-search"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21.5 21.5 28 28M13.142 2c6.155 0 11.143 4.99 11.143 11.142 0 6.153-4.99 11.143-11.143 11.143S2 19.295 2 13.142 6.99 2 13.142 2" /></svg> </button> </form> </div> <button class="search-toggle js-button" id="js-search-toggle" aria-controls="header-search-form"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-search"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-width="2" d="M21.5 21.5 28 28M13.142 2c6.155 0 11.143 4.99 11.143 11.142 0 6.153-4.99 11.143-11.143 11.143S2 19.295 2 13.142 6.99 2 13.142 2" /></svg> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-close"><path fill="currentColor" d="M1 30 30 1zm29 0L1 1Z" /><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" d="M30 30 1 1m0 29L30 1z" /></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Toggle search form</span> </button> <!-- .header-search --> </div> <!-- .header-right-area --> </div> </div> <div id="header-bottom" class="header-bottom" aria-hidden="false"> <nav class="nav-primary nav-menu container"> <ul id="menu-guides" class="primary-menu-ul"><li id="menu-item-1937" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-has-children menu-item-1937"><button class="menu-item-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sub-menu" aria-haspopup="true">NASA</button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-13700" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13700"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/artemis/">Artemis</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13705" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13705"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/sls/">SLS</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13706" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13706"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/mars-2020/">Perseverance/Ingenuity</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13720" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13720"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/gateway/">Gateway</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13707" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13707"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/international-space-station/">International Space Station</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13709" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13709"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/commercial-crew-program/">Commercial Crew Program</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13719" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13719"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/human-landing-system/">Human Landing System</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13713" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13713"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/orion/">Orion</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1938" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-has-children menu-item-1938"><button class="menu-item-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sub-menu" aria-haspopup="true">SpaceX</button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-13722" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13722"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/falcon-heavy/">Falcon Heavy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13703" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13703"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/starlink/">Starlink</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13701" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13701"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/starship/">Starship</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13704" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13704"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/falcon-9/">Falcon 9</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13739" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13739"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/spacex-fleet/">SpaceX Fleet</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1987" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-has-children menu-item-1987"><button class="menu-item-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sub-menu" aria-haspopup="true">ULA</button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-13744" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13744"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/rocketship/">Rocketship</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13716" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13716"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/vulcan/">Vulcan</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13717" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13717"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/atlas-v/">Atlas V</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13721" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13721"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/delta-iv-heavy/">Delta IV Heavy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-1981" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-has-children menu-item-1981"><button class="menu-item-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sub-menu" aria-haspopup="true">Blue Origin</button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-13712" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13712"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/new-shepard/">New Shepard</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13718" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13718"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/new-glenn/">New Glenn</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-13708" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-has-children menu-item-13708"><button class="menu-item-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sub-menu" aria-haspopup="true">Rocket Lab</button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-13743" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13743"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/neutron/">Neutron</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13711" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13711"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/electron/">Electron</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-13729" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-13729"><button class="menu-item-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sub-menu" aria-haspopup="true">More</button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-13734" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides current-menu-item menu-item-13734"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/esa/" aria-current="page">ESA</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13738" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13738"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/roscosmos/">Roscosmos</a></li> <li id="menu-item-37352" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-37352"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/sierra-space/">Sierra Space</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13737" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13737"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/astra/">Astra</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13732" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13732"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/boeing/">Boeing</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13735" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13735"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/firefly/">Firefly</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13730" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13730"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/virgin-orbit/">Virgin Orbit</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13731" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13731"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/virgin-galactic/">Virgin Galactic</a></li> <li id="menu-item-13733" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-13733"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/northrop-grumman/">Northrop Grumman</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-22167" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_featured menu-item-has-children menu-item-22167"><button class="menu-item-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sub-menu" aria-haspopup="true">Science</button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-37830" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_featured menu-item-37830"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/feature/astronomy/">Astronomy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-37831" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-37831"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/climate-change/">Climate Change</a></li> <li id="menu-item-37832" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-37832"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/nuclear-fusion/">Nuclear Fusion</a></li> <li id="menu-item-37833" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-37833"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/james-webb-telescope/">James Webb telescope</a></li> <li id="menu-item-37834" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_guides menu-item-37834"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/hubble-space-telescope/">Hubble Space Telescope</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-22168" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-ninetofive_featured menu-item-22168"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/feature/defense/">Defense</a></li> <li id="menu-item-25991" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25991"><a href="https://cottonbureau.com/people/9to5mac">Store</a></li> <li id="menu-item-37351" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-37351"><a target="_blank" href="https://discord.gg/fpTvKDkGW6">Join our Discord!</a></li> </ul></nav> <div class="header-bottom__icons"> <nav id="nav-social-mobile" class="nav-social-mobile"> <ul id="menu-social" class="menu flex"><li id="nav-menu-item-16800" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom main-menu-item menu-item-depth-0"><a title="Follow Space Explored on YouTube" href="https://www.youtube.com/c/SpaceExplored" class="menu-link main-menu-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-youtube"><path fill="currentColor" d="m11.903 18.544-.001-8.49 8.105 4.26zM29.7 8.584s-.293-2.082-1.192-2.999c-1.141-1.204-2.42-1.21-3.006-1.28C21.304 4 15.007 4 15.007 4h-.014s-6.297 0-10.495.306c-.587.07-1.865.075-3.006 1.28C.592 6.501.3 8.583.3 8.583s-.3 2.445-.3 4.89v2.292c0 2.445.3 4.89.3 4.89s.292 2.082 1.192 2.998c1.141 1.204 2.64 1.166 3.308 1.292 2.4.232 10.2.304 10.2.304s6.304-.01 10.502-.315c.586-.071 1.865-.077 3.006-1.28.899-.917 1.192-3 1.192-3s.3-2.444.3-4.889v-2.292c0-2.445-.3-4.89-.3-4.89"/></svg></a></li> <li id="nav-menu-item-16801" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom main-menu-item menu-item-depth-0"><a title="Follow Space Explored on Facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/SpaceExplored" class="menu-link main-menu-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-facebook"><path fill="currentColor" d="M17.3 29.4h-6.2V14.7H8v-5h3.1V6.5C11.1 2.5 13 0 18 0h4v5h-2.6c-2 0-2 .8-2 2v2.6H22l-.5 5h-4.2z"/></svg></a></li> <li id="nav-menu-item-16803" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom main-menu-item menu-item-depth-0"><a title="Follow Space Explored on Twitter" href="https://twitter.com/space_explored" class="menu-link main-menu-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-twitter"><path fill="currentColor" d="M17.1 12.4 27.1 1h-2.3L16 10.9 9 1H1l10.5 15L1 28h2.3l9.3-10.4L20 28h8M4.2 2.8H8l16.9 23.6H21"/></svg></a></li> <li id="nav-menu-item-16802" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom main-menu-item menu-item-depth-0"><a title="Follow Space Explored on Instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/space_explored/" class="menu-link main-menu-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-instagram"><path fill="currentColor" d="M15 2.9c3.943 0 4.406.018 5.965.088 1.441.065 2.22.305 2.742.51a4.6 4.6 0 0 1 1.7 1.102 4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.1 1.699c.2.521.446 1.3.51 2.742.07 1.559.088 2.021.088 5.965s-.017 4.406-.087 5.965c-.065 1.441-.305 2.22-.51 2.742a4.6 4.6 0 0 1-1.102 1.7 4.5 4.5 0 0 1-1.699 1.1c-.521.2-1.3.446-2.742.51-1.559.07-2.022.088-5.965.088s-4.406-.017-5.965-.088c-1.441-.064-2.22-.304-2.742-.51a4.6 4.6 0 0 1-1.7-1.1 4.5 4.5 0 0 1-1.1-1.7c-.2-.522-.446-1.3-.51-2.742-.07-1.559-.088-2.022-.088-5.965s.017-4.406.087-5.965c.065-1.441.305-2.22.51-2.742a4.6 4.6 0 0 1 1.102-1.7 4.5 4.5 0 0 1 1.699-1.101c.521-.2 1.3-.445 2.742-.51C10.594 2.912 11.057 2.9 15 2.9m0-2.66c-4.008 0-4.512.018-6.088.088-1.57.07-2.642.322-3.58.686a7.2 7.2 0 0 0-2.613 1.705 7.3 7.3 0 0 0-1.705 2.613C.65 6.27.398 7.342.328 8.918.258 10.488.24 10.992.24 15s.018 4.512.088 6.088c.07 1.57.322 2.642.686 3.586a7.2 7.2 0 0 0 1.705 2.613 7.3 7.3 0 0 0 2.613 1.705c.938.363 2.01.615 3.586.686 1.576.07 2.074.088 6.088.088s4.512-.018 6.088-.088c1.57-.07 2.642-.323 3.586-.686a7.2 7.2 0 0 0 2.613-1.705 7.3 7.3 0 0 0 1.705-2.613c.363-.938.615-2.01.686-3.586.07-1.576.087-2.074.087-6.088s-.017-4.512-.087-6.088c-.07-1.57-.323-2.642-.686-3.586a7.2 7.2 0 0 0-1.705-2.613 7.3 7.3 0 0 0-2.613-1.705c-.938-.363-2.01-.615-3.586-.686C19.512.258 19.008.24 15 .24"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M15 7.418a7.583 7.583 0 0 0 0 15.164A7.587 7.587 0 0 0 22.582 15 7.587 7.587 0 0 0 15 7.418m0 12.504a4.921 4.921 0 1 1 0-9.844 4.921 4.921 0 1 1 0 9.844M22.88 8.889a1.77 1.77 0 1 0 0-3.54 1.77 1.77 0 0 0 0 3.54"/></svg></a></li> <li id="nav-menu-item-16844" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom main-menu-item menu-item-depth-0"><a title="Follow Space Explored on Follow" href="/follow" class="menu-link main-menu-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="30" height="30" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-follow"><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.405 12.3a5.66 5.66 0 0 1-5.65-5.65 5.65 5.65 0 0 1 11.3 0c0 3.12-2.543 5.65-5.65 5.65m0-9.13c-1.905 0-3.475 1.63-3.475 3.48s1.57 3.28 3.475 3.28S18.88 8.5 18.88 6.65 17 3.17 15.405 3.17"/><path fill="currentColor" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" d="m5.957 25.314-.008-.008a.63.63 0 0 1-.199-.465v-.01l.062-3.317V21.5c0-1.852.958-3.52 2.65-4.748 1.7-1.234 4.125-2.007 6.942-2.007s5.242.773 6.941 2.008c1.693 1.23 2.651 2.9 2.651 4.76v.01l.011.754-.001.002a.5.5 0 0 1-.194.08h-.292a.43.43 0 0 1-.182-.07l-.01-.008-.008-.76c-.001-1.99-.916-3.56-2.53-4.599-1.575-1.014-3.778-1.502-6.386-1.502s-4.831.484-6.43 1.493c-1.635 1.031-2.584 2.598-2.584 4.6v.008l.03 2.588.003.245.147.196q.025.035.048.063a.786.786 0 0 0 .43.304l.188.123h6.92l.024.04a1 1 0 0 1 .113.309l.004.03v.008l.001.003v.008l-.004.023a.703.703 0 0 1-.107.252H7.064c-.493 0-.884-.17-1.107-.4Zm1.303-.369h-.004z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M25.499 25.726c0 .405-.332.934-.737.934H22.16v2.6c0 .405-.53.74-.936.74-.405 0-.934-.332-.934-.737V26.66h-2.603c-.405 0-.737-.53-.737-.934 0-.406.332-.936.737-.936h2.603v-2.602c0-.405.53-.737.934-.737.406 0 .936.332.936.737v2.602h2.602c.405 0 .737.53.737.936"/></svg></a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="mobile-utils"> <nav class="nav-utility flex" aria-hidden="true"> <ul id="menu-utility" class="menu flex"><li id="nav-menu-item-2016" class="icon-comment menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page main-menu-item menu-item-depth-0"><a title="Submit a Tip / Contact Us" href="https://spaceexplored.com/contact/" class="menu-link main-menu-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-comment"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 0v19.139h5v4.784h5V30l7.94-6.077H30V4.785h-5V0zm2.5 2.392h20v2.393H5v11.961H2.5zm5 4.785h20v14.354H17.06l-4.56 3.49v-3.49h-5zm3.75 3.589v2.392h12.5v-2.392zm0 4.784v2.392h7.5V15.55z"/></svg></a></li> </ul> </nav> <button class="darkmode-toggle js-button" id="js-darkmode-toggle" aria-pressed="false"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 20 20" class="icon-darkmode"><path fill="currentColor" d="M10 14a4 4 0 0 0 0-8z" /><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0m0 2v4a4 4 0 1 0 0 8v4a8 8 0 1 0 0-16" clip-rule="evenodd" /></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text">Toggle dark mode</span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main id="main" role="main" tabindex="-1"> <div class="rd6c23fd74 ad-container ad-container--leaderboard order-control__mobile-top"> <div id="div-gpt-ad-1436850350386-0" class="inlinead"></div> <script type="text/plain" data-consent-needed="marketing"> // Make sure that nineto5ads exists, it will load ad once google tag exists window.nineto5ads = window.nineto5ads|| []; if (typeof adSizes === 'undefined') { var adSizes = {"leaderboard":{"mobile":[[320,50],[320,100]],"tablet":[[728,90],[320,100]],"desktop":[[970,250],[728,90],[970,70],[970,90]]},"sidebar":{"mobile":[300,250],"desktop":[[300,600],[300,250]]}}; } function getLeaderboardApstagSlotsSizes() { if ( window.innerWidth < 768 ) { return adSizes.leaderboard.mobile; } else if ( window.innerWidth < 1024 ) { return adSizes.leaderboard.tablet; } else { return adSizes.leaderboard.desktop; } } window.nineto5ads.push(function() { apstag.fetchBids({ slots: [{ slotID: "div-gpt-ad-1436850350386-0", slotName: "\/1049447\/SpaceExp-Top", sizes: getLeaderboardApstagSlotsSizes() }], timeout: 2e3 }, function(bids) { googletag.display( "div-gpt-ad-1436850350386-0" ); apstag.setDisplayBids(); googletag.pubads().refresh([leaderboardAdSlot]); }); }); </script> </div> <div id="content" class="container flex-lg post-37122 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news ninetofive_featured-spaceflight ninetofive_guides-mars ninetofive_guides-nuclear-fusion ninetofive_guides-pulsar-fusion"> <div class="container med"> <div class="post-content guide-content"> <h1 attr-title="Nuclear Fusion" class="post-title"><span>Nuclear Fusion</span></h1> <div class="guide-content__top flex"> <div class="guide-content__meta flex"> <span class="count">One 'Nuclear Fusion' story</span> <span class="date">July 2023</span> </div> <a href="#posts" class="btn-outline">See All Stories</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id="river" class="river"> <div class="container flex-lg"> <div id="posts" class="container med left river__posts posts-anchor"> <article class="article standard"> <ul class="article__meta-guides fs-xs"> <li class="meta__guide sponsored"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/feature/spaceflight/">Spaceflight</a></li> <li class="meta__guide"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/mars/">Mars</a></li> <li class="meta__guide"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/nuclear-fusion/">Nuclear Fusion</a></li> <li class="meta__guide"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/guides/pulsar-fusion/">Pulsar Fusion</a></li> </ul> <h2 class="h1"><a class="article__title-link" href="https://spaceexplored.com/2023/07/18/pulsar-fusions-ambitious-nuclear-rocket-engine-aims-to-revolutionize-space-travel/">Pulsar Fusion’s ambitious nuclear rocket engine aims to revolutionize space travel</a></h2> <div class="post-meta flex"> <a class="author__image-link" href="https://spaceexplored.com/author/ttlcrossgirl/"> <img alt='Avatar for Theresa Cross' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a156a9e39726e9c1575647367684ae86?s=18&d=wavatar&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a156a9e39726e9c1575647367684ae86?s=36&d=wavatar&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-18 photo author-gravatar' height='18' width='18' decoding='async'/> </a> <span class="author__link"><a href="https://spaceexplored.com/author/ttlcrossgirl/" title="Posts by Theresa Cross" rel="author">Theresa Cross</a></span> <span class="meta__post-date">Jul 18 2023 - 6:40 am PT</span> <div class="meta__comment-count"> <a href="https://spaceexplored.com/2023/07/18/pulsar-fusions-ambitious-nuclear-rocket-engine-aims-to-revolutionize-space-travel/?extended-comments=1#comments" class="comments flex"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 30 30" class="icon-comment"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 0v19.139h5v4.784h5V30l7.94-6.077H30V4.785h-5V0zm2.5 2.392h20v2.393H5v11.961H2.5zm5 4.785h20v14.354H17.06l-4.56 3.49v-3.49h-5zm3.75 3.589v2.392h12.5v-2.392zm0 4.784v2.392h7.5V15.55z" /></svg> 1 Comment </a> </div> </div> <figure class="img-border"> <a class="article__image-link" href="https://spaceexplored.com/2023/07/18/pulsar-fusions-ambitious-nuclear-rocket-engine-aims-to-revolutionize-space-travel/"> <img width="1600" height="900" src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/fusion-1-ren-f-2.jpg?quality=82&strip=all&w=1600" class=" wp-post-image" alt="" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/fusion-1-ren-f-2.jpg?w=320&quality=82&strip=all&ssl=1 320w, https://i0.wp.com/spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/fusion-1-ren-f-2.jpg?w=640&quality=82&strip=all&ssl=1 640w, https://i0.wp.com/spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/fusion-1-ren-f-2.jpg?w=1024&quality=82&strip=all&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/fusion-1-ren-f-2.jpg?w=1500&quality=82&strip=all&ssl=1 1500w" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="37266" data-permalink="https://spaceexplored.com/2023/07/18/pulsar-fusions-ambitious-nuclear-rocket-engine-aims-to-revolutionize-space-travel/fusion-1-ren-f-2/" data-orig-file="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/fusion-1-ren-f-2.jpg?quality=82&strip=all" data-orig-size="2000,1125" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="Pulsar fusion-1-ren-f-2" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="<p>Image: Pulsar</p> " data-medium-file="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/fusion-1-ren-f-2.jpg?quality=82&strip=all&w=300" data-large-file="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/07/fusion-1-ren-f-2.jpg?quality=82&strip=all&w=1024" /> </a> </figure> <div class="article__content"> <div class="article__excerpt"> <p>Pulsar Fusion, a UK aerospace company, is making significant strides in the development of a groundbreaking nuclear fusion rocket engine, according to those close to the project.</p> <a data-layer-pagetype="post" data-layer-postcategory="mars,nuclear-fusion,pulsar-fusion" data-layer-viewtype="taxonomy-ninetofive_guides" data-post-id="37122" href="https://spaceexplored.com/2023/07/18/pulsar-fusions-ambitious-nuclear-rocket-engine-aims-to-revolutionize-space-travel/#more-37122" class="more-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="currentColor" viewBox="0 0 39 38" class="icon-expand"><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M38.71 20H0v-3h38.71z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M18 37.9V0h3v37.9z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span class="open">Expand</span> <span class="opening">Expanding</span> <span class="close">Close</span></a> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <script> var rightRailMapping; var inlineMapping; var inlineWideSingleMapping; var leaderboardAdSlot; var refreshTimer = true; var refreshTimeInterval = 30000; var refreshSlots = []; var validAdsCount = 0; // excluding leaderboard. function isInViewport( element, percentInView = 1 ) { var rect = element.getBoundingClientRect(); var elementTop = rect.top + document.documentElement.scrollTop; var elementHeight = rect.height; var elementBottom = elementTop + elementHeight; var viewportTop = window.pageYOffset; var viewportHeight = window.innerHeight; var viewportBottom = viewportTop + viewportHeight; if ( percentInView < 1 && percentInView > 0 ) { var visibleTop = elementTop < viewportTop ? viewportTop : elementTop; var visibleBottom = elementBottom > viewportBottom ? viewportBottom : elementBottom; var pixelsViewable = visibleBottom - visibleTop; return ( pixelsViewable / elementHeight ) >= percentInView; } else { // FULL element has to be in viewport return elementBottom < viewportBottom && elementTop > viewportTop; } } window.addEventListener('load', function() { var adsRefreshInterval = setInterval( refreshAds, refreshTimeInterval ); function refreshAds() { refreshSlots.forEach( function( slot, index ) { var slot_ID = slot.getSlotElementId(); var inViewport = isInViewport( document.getElementById( `${slot_ID}` ), 0.5 ); if ( inViewport ) { googletag.cmd.push( function() { var slotRefreshCount = slot.getTargeting('refresh_count'); slotRefreshCount = ! slotRefreshCount.length ? 0 : Number(slotRefreshCount[0]); refreshSlots[ index ].setTargeting( 'refresh', 'true' ); refreshSlots[ index ].setTargeting( 'refresh_count', `${slotRefreshCount++}` ); googletag.pubads().refresh( [ slot ] ); }); } } ); } function startRefreshTimer() { if ( refreshTimer === false ) { adsRefreshInterval = setInterval( refreshAds, refreshTimeInterval ); refreshTimer = true; }; } function endRefreshTimer() { clearInterval( adsRefreshInterval ); refreshTimer = false; } function visibilityChanged() { if ( document.visibilityState === 'hidden' ) { endRefreshTimer(); } else { startRefreshTimer(); } } document.addEventListener( 'visibilitychange', visibilityChanged, false ); window.addEventListener( 'focus', startRefreshTimer ); window.addEventListener( 'blur', endRefreshTimer ); }); </script> <script type="text/plain" data-consent-needed="marketing"> if (typeof adSizes === 'undefined') { var adSizes = {"leaderboard":{"mobile":[[320,50],[320,100]],"tablet":[[728,90],[320,100]],"desktop":[[970,250],[728,90],[970,70],[970,90]]},"sidebar":{"mobile":[300,250],"desktop":[[300,600],[300,250]]}}; } googletag.cmd.push(function() { var leaderboardMapping = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([0, 0], adSizes.leaderboard.mobile) .addSize([768, 200], adSizes.leaderboard.tablet) .addSize([1050, 200], adSizes.leaderboard.desktop) .build(); rightRailMapping = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([0, 0], []) .addSize([1024, 200], adSizes.sidebar.desktop) .build(); inlineMapping = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([0, 0], adSizes.sidebar.mobile) .addSize([1024, 200], []) .build(); inlineWideSingleMapping = googletag.sizeMapping() .addSize([0, 0], []) .addSize([1024, 200], adSizes.leaderboard.desktop) .build(); leaderboardAdSlot = googletag.defineSlot('/1049447/SpaceExp-Top', [[970, 250], [728,90], [970, 70], [970, 90], [320, 50], [320, 100]], "div-gpt-ad-1436850350386-0") .defineSizeMapping( leaderboardMapping ) .addService( googletag.pubads() ) .setTargeting( 'pos', 'top' ); refreshSlots.push( leaderboardAdSlot ); // Add event listener to add class for any possible styling. googletag.pubads().addEventListener( 'slotRenderEnded', function( event ) { var slotId = event.slot.getSlotElementId(); var slot = document.getElementById( slotId ); var classAdded = slot !== null && ! event.isEmpty ? 'advert-loaded' : 'advert-not-loaded'; slot.classList.add( classAdded ); }); // Top level targeting googletag.pubads().setTargeting( 'environment', 'production' ); googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({ fetchMarginPercent: 200, // Fetch slots within 2 viewports. renderMarginPercent: 200, // Render slots within 2 viewports. mobileScaling: 3.5 // Increase the above values on mobile to 7 viewports. }); // Other services. googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(); googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs(); googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); googletag.enableServices(); }); window.nineto5ads = window.nineto5ads || []; window.nineto5ads.forEach(function(ad){ googletag.cmd.push(ad); }); // Function to generate unique names for slots var nextSlotId = 1; function generateNextSlotName() { var id = nextSlotId++; return 'div-gpt-ad-' + id; } function loadAds( page ) { var inlineAdsSelector = page === 1 ? '#content .inlinead:empty' : '#infinite-view-' + page +' .inlinead'; var inlineAds = document.querySelectorAll( inlineAdsSelector ); var gptSlots = []; // If page is not undefined or 1, we need to reset the adSlotsConfig array. // To prevent cannot create slot error. if (!page || page === 1) { window.adSlotsConfig = window.adSlotsConfig || []; } else { window.adSlotsConfig = []; } inlineAds.forEach( function( element, index ) { var isRightRailAd = element.classList.contains( 'rightrail' ); var isInSidebar = element.classList.contains( 'ad-container--river' ); var isInlineWideSingle = element.classList.contains( 'inline-wide-single' ); if ( ( window.innerWidth < 960 && isRightRailAd ) || ( window.innerWidth < 1024 && isInlineWideSingle ) ) { return; } else if ( window.innerWidth >= 960 && ! isRightRailAd && ! isInlineWideSingle ) { return; } validAdsCount++; var slotDivID = generateNextSlotName(); var slotDiv = document.createElement( 'div' ); var slotPosition = isRightRailAd ? `rightrail_${validAdsCount}` : `inline_${validAdsCount}`; var slotAdUnitPath = isRightRailAd ? "\/1049447\/SpaceExp-RightRail" : "\/1049447\/SpaceExp-Inline"; var slotSizes = [300, 250]; // Default size that could be applicable to all ad slots. if ( isInlineWideSingle ) { slotSizes = window.innerWidth >= 1024 ? adSizes.leaderboard.desktop : ( window.innerWidth >= 768 ? adSizes.leaderboard.tablet : adSizes.leaderboard.mobile ); } else if ( isInSidebar ) { slotSizes = window.innerWidth >= 960 ? adSizes.sidebar.desktop : adSizes.sidebar.mobile; } slotDiv.id = slotDivID; // ID for apstag must be the same as slotDivID slotDiv.classList.add( slotPosition ); element.append( slotDiv ); var slotMapping = isRightRailAd ? 'rightRailMapping' : 'inlineMapping'; slotMapping = isInlineWideSingle ? 'inlineWideSingleMapping' : slotMapping; adSlotsConfig.push( { slotID: slotAdUnitPath, slotName: slotDivID, sizes: slotSizes, slotMapping: slotMapping, slotPosition: slotPosition, } ); }); if ( adSlotsConfig.length ) { apstag.fetchBids({ slots: adSlotsConfig, timeout: 2e3 }, function(bids) { googletag.cmd.push( function() { adSlotsConfig.forEach( function( slot ) { var newSlot = googletag.defineSlot(slot.slotID, slot.sizes, slot.slotName) .addService( googletag.pubads() ) .setTargeting( 'pos', slot.slotPosition ); if ( slot?.slotMapping ) { newSlot.defineSizeMapping( eval( slot.slotMapping ) ) } gptSlots.push( newSlot ); if (!slot.slotID.includes('/Outbrain')) { refreshSlots.push( newSlot ); } googletag.display( slot.slotName ); } ); apstag.setDisplayBids(); googletag.pubads().refresh( gptSlots ); }); }); } } </script> <button type="button" id="pnfpb-push-subscribe-icon" class="pnfpb-push-subscribe-icon"><img src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/plugins/push-notification-for-post-and-buddypress/public/img/pushbell-pnfpb.png" width="32px" height="32px"/></button><div id="pnfpb-push-status-text" class="pnfpb-push-status-text"></div> <div id="pnfpb-push-subscribe-button-layout" class="pnfpb-push-subscribe-button-layout"> <p class="pnfpb-bell-icon-header">Manage push notifications</p> <div class="pnfpb_bell_icon_custom_prompt_loader" id="pnfpb_bell_icon_custom_prompt_loader"></div> <div id="pnfpb-push-subscribe-options-button-container" class="pnfpb-push-subscribe-options-button-container"> <div class="pnfpb_bell_icon_prompt_subscription_options_container" style="background:#cccccc;color:#000000;"> <div class="pnfpb_card"> <label class="pnfpb_ic_push_settings_table_label_checkbox pnfpb_flex_grow_6 pnfpb_max_width_236" for="pnfpb_bell_icon_subscription_all_enable"> All </label> <label class="pnfpb_switch pnfpb_flex_grow_1 pnfpb_max_width_40"> <input id="pnfpb_bell_icon_prompt_subscription_all_enable" class="pnfpb_bell_icon_prompt_subscription_all_enable" name="pnfpb_bell_icon_prompt_subscription_all_enable" type="checkbox" pnfpb_index="0" value="1"> <span class="pnfpb_slider round"></span> </label> </div><div class="pnfpb_card"> <label class="pnfpb_ic_push_settings_table_label_checkbox pnfpb_flex_grow_6 pnfpb_max_width_236" for="pnfpb_bell_icon_prompt_subscription_post_enable"> Post </label> <label class="pnfpb_switch pnfpb_flex_grow_1 pnfpb_max_width_40"> <input id="pnfpb_bell_icon_prompt_subscription_post_enable" class="pnfpb_bell_icon_prompt_subscription_post_enable" name="pnfpb_bell_icon_prompt_subscription_post_enable" pnfpb_index="1" type="checkbox" value="1"> <span class="pnfpb_slider round"></span> </label> </div></div> <button type="button" class="pnfpb-push-subscribe-options-button" id="pnfpb-push-subscribe-options-button" style="background:#135e96;color:#ffffff;"> Update</button> </div> <div class="pnfpb-push-msg-container"> <div class="pnfpb-push-icon"><img src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/spaceexplored-planet-icon-80.jpg?quality=82&strip=all" /></div> <div class="pnfpb-push-msg-text-layout"> <div class="pnfpb-push-msg-text-line"></div> <div class="pnfpb-push-msg-text-long-line"></div> <div class="pnfpb-push-msg-text-line"></div> <div class="pnfpb-push-msg-text-long-line"></div> <div class="pnfpb-push-msg-text-line"></div> </div> </div> <div id="pnfpb-push-subscribe-button-container" class="pnfpb-push-subscribe-button-container"> <button type="button" class="pnfpb-push-subscribe-button" id="pnfpb-push-subscribe-button" style="background:#e54b4d;color:#ffffff;"> </button> </div> </div><div id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-container" class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-container"> <div id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-container-dialog-slideUp" class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-container-dialog-slideUp"> <div id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion" class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion"> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-body" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-body"> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-body-icon"> <img alt="notification icon" src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/spaceexplored-planet-icon-80.jpg?quality=82&strip=all"> </div> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-body-message">We would like to show you notifications for the latest news and updates.</div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="pnfpb-loading-container"></div> </div> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-footer" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-footer"> <button class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-allow-button" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-allow-button">Allow</button> <button class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-cancel-button" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-cancel-button">Cancel</button> <div class="pnfpb_custom_prompt_loader" id="pnfpb_custom_prompt_loader"></div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <div id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-confirmation" class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-confirmation"> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-body" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-body"> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-body-icon"> <img alt="notification icon" src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/spaceexplored-planet-icon-80.jpg?quality=82&strip=all"> </div> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-body-message">You are subscribed to notifications</div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="pnfpb-loading-container"></div> </div> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-footer" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-footer"> <button class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-close-button" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-transistion-close-button">Close</button> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div><div id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-container" class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-container"> <div id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-container-dialog-slideUp" class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-container-dialog-slideUp"> <div id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion" class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion"> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-body" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-body"> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-body-icon"> <img alt="notification icon" src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/spaceexplored-planet-icon-80.jpg?quality=82&strip=all"> </div> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-body-message">We would like to show you notifications for the latest news and updates.</div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="pnfpb-loading-container"></div> </div> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-footer" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-footer"> <button class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-allow-button" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-allow-button">Allow</button> <button class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-cancel-button" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-cancel-button">Cancel</button> <div class="pnfpb_custom_prompt_loader" id="pnfpb_custom_prompt_loader"></div> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> <div id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-confirmation" class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-confirmation"> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-body" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-body"> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-body-icon"> <img alt="notification icon" src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/spaceexplored-planet-icon-80.jpg?quality=82&strip=all"> </div> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-body-message">You are subscribed to notifications</div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div id="pnfpb-loading-container"></div> </div> <div class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-footer" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-footer"> <button class="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-close-button" id="pnfpb-popup-customprompt-vertical-transistion-close-button">Close</button> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-overlay"> <div id="jp-carousel-loading-wrapper"> <span id="jp-carousel-library-loading"> </span> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="jp-carousel-container"> <!-- The Carousel Swiper --> <div class="jp-carousel-wrap swiper-container jp-carousel-swiper-container jp-carousel-transitions" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="jp-carousel swiper-wrapper"></div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskPrev" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="9" height="12"> <path d="M16.2072 16.59L11.6496 12L16.2072 7.41L14.8041 6L8.8335 12L14.8041 18L16.2072 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskPrev)"> <rect x="0.579102" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="jp-swiper-button-next swiper-button-next"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskNext" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="8" y="6" width="8" height="12"> <path d="M8.59814 16.59L13.1557 12L8.59814 7.41L10.0012 6L15.9718 12L10.0012 18L8.59814 16.59Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskNext)"> <rect x="0.34375" width="23.8822" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> </div> <!-- The main close buton --> <div class="jp-carousel-close-hint"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskClose" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="5" y="5" width="15" height="14"> <path d="M19.3166 6.41L17.9135 5L12.3509 10.59L6.78834 5L5.38525 6.41L10.9478 12L5.38525 17.59L6.78834 19L12.3509 13.41L17.9135 19L19.3166 17.59L13.754 12L19.3166 6.41Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskClose)"> <rect x="0.409668" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </div> <!-- Image info, comments and meta --> <div class="jp-carousel-info"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-footer"> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination-container"> <div class="jp-swiper-pagination swiper-pagination"></div> <div class="jp-carousel-pagination"></div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-caption"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-icons-container"> <a href="#" class="jp-carousel-icon-btn jp-carousel-icon-info" aria-label="Toggle photo metadata visibility"> <span class="jp-carousel-icon"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="maskInfo" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="2" y="2" width="21" height="20"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.7537 2C7.26076 2 2.80273 6.48 2.80273 12C2.80273 17.52 7.26076 22 12.7537 22C18.2466 22 22.7046 17.52 22.7046 12C22.7046 6.48 18.2466 2 12.7537 2ZM11.7586 7V9H13.7488V7H11.7586ZM11.7586 11V17H13.7488V11H11.7586ZM4.79292 12C4.79292 16.41 8.36531 20 12.7537 20C17.142 20 20.7144 16.41 20.7144 12C20.7144 7.59 17.142 4 12.7537 4C8.36531 4 4.79292 7.59 4.79292 12Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#maskInfo)"> <rect x="0.8125" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-info-extra"> <div class="jp-carousel-info-content-wrapper"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-title-container"> <h2 class="jp-carousel-photo-title"></h2> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-comments-wrapper"> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-image-meta"> <div class="jp-carousel-title-and-caption"> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-info"> <h3 class="jp-carousel-caption" itemprop="caption description"></h3> </div> <div class="jp-carousel-photo-description"></div> </div> <ul class="jp-carousel-image-exif" style="display: none;"></ul> <a class="jp-carousel-image-download" href="#" target="_blank" style="display: none;"> <svg width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <mask id="mask0" mask-type="alpha" maskUnits="userSpaceOnUse" x="3" y="3" width="19" height="18"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.84615 5V19H19.7775V12H21.7677V19C21.7677 20.1 20.8721 21 19.7775 21H5.84615C4.74159 21 3.85596 20.1 3.85596 19V5C3.85596 3.9 4.74159 3 5.84615 3H12.8118V5H5.84615ZM14.802 5V3H21.7677V10H19.7775V6.41L9.99569 16.24L8.59261 14.83L18.3744 5H14.802Z" fill="white"/> </mask> <g mask="url(#mask0)"> <rect x="0.870605" width="23.8823" height="24" fill="#FFFFFF"/> </g> </svg> <span class="jp-carousel-download-text"></span> </a> <div class="jp-carousel-image-map" style="display: none;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <link rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0' href='https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/jetpack-14.0/modules/infinite-scroll/infinity.css?m=1733250536g' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script data-consent-needed="marketing" type="text/plain" src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/themes/ninetofive/dist/js/ads.js?ver=6ae84c0f43bc25330427" id="ads-js" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://spaceexplored.com/_static/??/wp-content/themes/ninetofive/dist/js/googlecmp.js,/wp-content/client-mu-plugins/9to5-core/dist/js/frontend.js,/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?m=1732206023j" ></script><script type="text/javascript" src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-i18n-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wp-parsely-loader-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window.wpParselySiteId = 'spaceexplored.com'; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/wp-parsely-3.17/build/loader.js?ver=b681bb9905652ac12735" id="wp-parsely-loader-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" data-parsely-site="spaceexplored.com" src="https://cdn.parsely.com/keys/spaceexplored.com/p.js?ver=3.17.0" id="parsely-cfg"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="frontend-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var nineToFiveAjax = {"posts_endpoint":"https:\/\/spaceexplored.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}; var globalJSVars = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/spaceexplored.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/themes/ninetofive/dist/js/frontend.js?m=1732529544g" ></script><script data-consent-needed="marketing" type="text/plain" src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?ver=0.1.0" id="google-adsense-js" async></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-carousel-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var jetpackSwiperLibraryPath = {"url":"https:\/\/spaceexplored.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-14.0\/_inc\/build\/carousel\/swiper-bundle.min.js"}; var jetpackCarouselStrings = {"widths":[370,700,1000,1200,1400,2000],"is_logged_in":"","lang":"en","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/spaceexplored.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"37d2b01fe3","display_exif":"0","display_comments":"0","single_image_gallery":"1","single_image_gallery_media_file":"","background_color":"black","comment":"Comment","post_comment":"Post Comment","write_comment":"Write a Comment...","loading_comments":"Loading Comments...","image_label":"Open image in full-screen.","download_original":"View full size <span class=\"photo-size\">{0}<span class=\"photo-size-times\">\u00d7<\/span>{1}<\/span>","no_comment_text":"Please be sure to submit some text with your comment.","no_comment_email":"Please provide an email address to comment.","no_comment_author":"Please provide your name to comment.","comment_post_error":"Sorry, but there was an error posting your comment. Please try again later.","comment_approved":"Your comment was approved.","comment_unapproved":"Your comment is in moderation.","camera":"Camera","aperture":"Aperture","shutter_speed":"Shutter Speed","focal_length":"Focal Length","copyright":"Copyright","comment_registration":"0","require_name_email":"1","login_url":"https:\/\/spaceexplored.com\/wp-login.php?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fspaceexplored.com%2F2023%2F07%2F18%2Fpulsar-fusions-ambitious-nuclear-rocket-engine-aims-to-revolutionize-space-travel%2F","blog_id":"10","meta_data":["camera","aperture","shutter_speed","focal_length","copyright"]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="pnfpb-mobile-app-interface-script-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pnfpb_ajax_object_mobile_app_interface_script = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/spaceexplored.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","userid":"0"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://spaceexplored.com/_static/??-eJyN0UtuxCAMBuALlTDTNOqq6lEiXmGcIbYLWNPp6QuLVN0lEivr8y9j6wcrR1gDVr2J4iQRsOg1VDburq5vw0XPgE5bgeS1M5mkhPQH9sKwAQ5redEtr/EkPrSU9r4k5KcW0I5yOFZbTztmORT4MTadoD6bGM/RvohMKbYv8Ql9C+5u6TsbD3TMrdRKeGJeMInif7ffZz8OS7kppAoLOFOBUC2UFVOpyqBXVrx/cttQlzaB6/mMC9u5dxaXgevMD9PyP7eP6/s4vk6XaZzWX8iQw2o=" ></script><script type="text/javascript" id="pnfpb-icajax-script-push-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pnfpb_ajax_object_push = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/spaceexplored.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","groupId":"9","group_unsubscribe_dialog_text_confirm":"Your device is unsubscribed from notification","group_subscribe_dialog_text_confirm":"Your device is subscribed from notification","group_unsubscribe_dialog_text":"Would you like to remove push notifications?","group_subscribe_dialog_text":"Would you like to subscribe to push notifications?","homeurl":"https:\/\/spaceexplored.com","pwaapponlyenable":"0","pwainstallheadertext":"","pwainstalltext":"","pwainstallbuttoncolor":"","pwainstallbuttontextcolor":"","pwainstallbuttontext":"","pwainstallpromptenabled":"","pwacustominstalltype":"","unsubscribe_dialog_text_confirm":"Your device is unsubscribed from notification","subscribe_dialog_text_confirm":"Subscription updated","unsubscribe_button_text_shortcode":"Unsubscribe push notifications","subscribe_button_text_shortcode":"Subscribe push notifications","subscribe_button_text_color":"#ffffff","subscribe_button_color":"#000000","cancel_button_text":"Cancel","save_button_text":"Save","unsubscribe_button_text":"Unsubscribe push notification","subscribe_button_text":"Subscribe push notification","isloggedin":"","pnfpb_push_prompt":"1","userid":"0","pnfpb_ic_fcm_popup_subscribe_message":"You are subscribed to push notification","pnfpb_ic_fcm_popup_unsubscribe_message":"Push notification not subscribed","pnfpb_ic_fcm_popup_wait_message":"Please wait...processing","pnfpb_ic_fcm_custom_prompt_popup_wait_message":"Please wait...processing","pnfpb_ic_fcm_custom_prompt_subscribed_text":"You are subscribed to notifications","pnfpb_ic_fcm_custom_prompt_subscribe_text":"We would like to show you notifications for the latest news and updates.","pnfpb_ic_fcm_custom_prompt_confirmation_message_on_off":"","pnfpb_ic_fcm_popup_subscribe_button":"Subscribe","pnfpb_ic_fcm_popup_unsubscribe_button":"Unsubscribe","pwadesktopinstallpromptenabled":"","pwamobileinstallpromptenabled":"","pwapixelsinstallpromptenabled":"","pwapixelsinputinstallpromptenabled":"0","shortcode_close_button_text":"Close","pnfpb_ic_fcm_prompt_style":"2","pnfpb_ic_fcm_prompt_on_off":"","pnfpb_ic_fcm_prompt_style3":"","pnfpb_ic_fcm_custom_prompt_animation":"slideUp","notify_loggedin":"0","pnfpb_custom_prompt_show_again_days":"7","pnfpb_show_again_days":"7","pnfpb_hide_foreground_notification":"","pnfpb_show_custom_post_types":"[]","pnfpb_show_push_notify_types":"[\"all\",\"post\",\"all_comments\",\"my_comments\",\"private_message\",\"new_member\",\"friendship_request\",\"friendship_accepted\",\"unsubscribe-all\",\"avatar_change\",\"cover_image_change\",\"activity\",\"group_details_update\",\"group_invite\"]","pnfpb_front_end_settings_push_notify_types":"[\"all\",\"post\",\"bcomment\",\"mybcomment\",\"bprivatemessage\",\"new_member\",\"friendship_request\",\"friendship_accept\",\"unsubscribe-all\",\"avatar_change\",\"cover_image_change\",\"bactivity\"]","pnfpb_progressier_app_option":""}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://spaceexplored.com/wp-content/plugins/push-notification-for-post-and-buddypress/build/pnfpb_push_notification/index.js?ver=2.00.1" id="pnfpb-icajax-script-push-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202449.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"178374012\",\"post\":\"0\",\"tz\":\"-8\",\"srv\":\"spaceexplored.com\",\"hp\":\"vip\",\"j\":\"1:14.0\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "178374012", "0" ]); /* ]]> */ </script> <!-- Tracking Codes --><!-- End Tracking Codes --> </body> </html>