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XTO Energy - Wikipedia

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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American energy company, principally operating in North America</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"XTO" redirects here. For the airport in Queensland, Australia, see <a href="/wiki/Taroom_Airport" title="Taroom Airport">Taroom Airport</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">XTO Energy Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:XTO-Energy-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/XTO-Energy-Logo.svg/200px-XTO-Energy-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/XTO-Energy-Logo.svg/300px-XTO-Energy-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/XTO-Energy-Logo.svg/400px-XTO-Energy-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="147" data-file-height="83" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Cross Timbers Oil Company</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_industry" title="Petroleum industry">Petroleum industry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1986<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;38&#160;years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1986</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Bob_R._Simpson" title="Bob R. Simpson">Bob R. Simpson</a>, Steve Palko, Jon Brumley</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Spring,_Texas" title="Spring, Texas">Spring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of locations</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montana" title="Montana">Montana</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Dakota" title="North Dakota">North Dakota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio" title="Ohio">Ohio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia" title="West Virginia">West Virginia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyoming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neuquen" class="mw-redirect" title="Neuquen">Neuquen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">Staale Gjervik<br />(<a href="/wiki/President_(corporate_title)" title="President (corporate title)">President</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">Petroleum</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.xtoenergy.com/">xtoenergy.com</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>XTO Energy Inc.</b> is an American energy company and subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">ExxonMobil</a> principally operating in <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>. Acquired by ExxonMobil in 2010 and based out of <a href="/wiki/Spring,_Texas" title="Spring, Texas">Spring, Texas</a>, it is involved with the production, processing, transportation, and development of oil and natural gas resources.<sup id="cite_ref-Hoovers_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoovers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-King03_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-King03-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The company specializes in developing <a href="/wiki/Shale_gas" title="Shale gas">shale gas</a> via unconventional means like <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_fracturing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydraulic fracturing">hydraulic fracturing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Directional_drilling" title="Directional drilling">horizontal drilling</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Carroll11_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carroll11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Polson12b_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polson12b-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OKeefe12_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OKeefe12-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pearson09_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson09-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>ExxonMobil's acquisition of XTO made it the largest producer of natural gas in the U.S. Since then, XTO Energy's resource portfolio has tripled through several acquisitions. The company owns interests in approximately 40,000 active oil and natural gas sites across North America, with locations in Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, West Virginia, Wyoming and Western Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-XTOOperating_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-XTOOperating-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hoovers_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hoovers-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Polson12_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polson12-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OGJ14_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OGJ14-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XTO_Energy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XTO_Energy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>XTO Energy was founded in 1986, and was initially called Cross Timbers Oil Company.<sup id="cite_ref-Piller02_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piller02-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The company was started by <a href="/wiki/Bob_R._Simpson" title="Bob R. Simpson">Bob R. Simpson</a>, Steve Palko and Jon Brumley with US$35 million raised by former <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a> co-chairman <a href="/wiki/Robert_Rubin" title="Robert Rubin">Robert Rubin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson09_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson09-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Initially, the company purchased and developed long-lived oil and gas production properties.<sup id="cite_ref-Reeves01_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reeves01-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The company went public in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-Piller02_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piller02-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1996, Bob R. Simpson, one of the company's founders, became chairman and chief executive officer.<sup id="cite_ref-BloombergSimpson_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BloombergSimpson-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Simpson received his undergraduate and master's degrees in finance from Baylor University.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson09_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson09-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After Simpson took over, the company changed its strategy, from an even split of oil production and natural gas to focusing more heavily on natural gas.<sup id="cite_ref-Reeves01_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reeves01-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In June 2001, the company changed its name from Cross Timbers Oil Company to XTO Energy Inc.,<sup id="cite_ref-Piller01_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piller01-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> to reflect the company's new focus on natural gas rather than oil.<sup id="cite_ref-Piller01_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piller01-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> "XTO" was chosen as it was the company's stock <a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">ticker symbol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Piller01_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Piller01-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The company continued to grow through the acquisition and development of oil and natural gas properties, and in 2002 XTO Energy was ranked 5th on <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)"><i>Fortune'</i>s</a> "100 Fastest Growing Companies" list.<sup id="cite_ref-Boyle02_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Boyle02-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="ExxonMobil_purchase">ExxonMobil purchase</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XTO_Energy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: ExxonMobil purchase"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On December 14, 2009, ExxonMobil agreed to acquire XTO Energy Inc. through a merger.<sup id="cite_ref-Economist09_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Economist09-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> ExxonMobil acquired XTO Energy in a deal valued at $36 billion, involving the issuance of 416 million shares of stock and assuming the company's $11 billion in debt.<sup id="cite_ref-SEC10_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEC10-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Oil&amp;Gas14_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oil&amp;Gas14-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The deal increased ExxonMobil's U.S. natural gas production to 3.68 billion cubic feet per day, making it the largest producer in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-Shook09_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shook09-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The purchase by ExxonMobil was the largest by the company since the deal that created ExxonMobil in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-Gold09_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gold09-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The acquisition was finalized in June 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-Carroll11_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carroll11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2011_-_present">2011 - present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XTO_Energy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: 2011 - present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In June 2011, ExxonMobil acquired two natural gas companies in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>—Phillips Resources Inc. and TWP Inc.—for $1.69 billion.<sup id="cite_ref-Carroll11_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carroll11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After the acquisition, both companies were managed by XTO Energy.<sup id="cite_ref-Carroll11_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carroll11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The acquisition added about 317,000 acres in <a href="/wiki/Marcellus_Shale" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcellus Shale">Marcellus Shale</a> to ExxonMobil's portfolio.<sup id="cite_ref-Carroll11_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carroll11-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In August of the same year, ExxonMobil leveraged XTO Energy's expertise in a trade with Russian oil company <a href="/wiki/Rosneft" title="Rosneft">Rosneft</a> in a deal worth $3.2 billion, giving ExxonMobil access to oil and gas opportunities in the Russian Arctic.<sup id="cite_ref-Souder12_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Souder12-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EIF11_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EIF11-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2012, ExxonMobil and XTO Energy signed a land exchange agreement with Denbury Onshore LLC, acquiring 196,000 acres in the Bakken Shale in North Dakota and Montana.<sup id="cite_ref-OGFJ12_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OGFJ12-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In exchange for the acreage, Denbury Onshore received $1.6 billion in cash and operating interests in the Hartzog Draw Field in Wyoming and the Webster Field in Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-OGFJ12_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OGFJ12-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>During 2013, XTO Energy expanded its production in the Appalachian region of the U.S. by nearly 30%.<sup id="cite_ref-OGJ14a_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OGJ14a-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In February 2014, XTO Energy agreed to let American Energy–Utica LLC buy into 30,000 acres of its holdings in the <a href="/wiki/Utica_Shale" title="Utica Shale">Utica Shale</a> located in the Harrison, Jefferson and Belmont counties of Ohio.<sup id="cite_ref-OGJ14a_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OGJ14a-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=XTO_Energy&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, the size of XTO Energy's resource portfolio had tripled since it was acquired by ExxonMobil in 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-PetroGlobal14_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PetroGlobal14-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In August 2015, Exxon Mobil Corporation signed two agreements to drill on 48,000 acres in the core of the Midland Basin to be operated by XTO Energy. XTO operates 11 horizontal and four vertical rigs across 1.5 million net acres in Texas' Permian Basin.<sup id="cite_ref-Grattan15_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grattan15-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Driver15_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Driver15-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grants_to_petroleum_educational_institutions">Grants to petroleum educational institutions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XTO_Energy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Grants to petroleum educational institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2008, XTO Energy began supporting <a href="/wiki/Navarro_College" title="Navarro College">Navarro College</a>'s petroleum technology certificate program.<sup id="cite_ref-Hustler10_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hustler10-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Since 2009, XTO Energy has partnered with Habitat for Humanity to build homes in Fort Worth.<sup id="cite_ref-DowntownFortWorth_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DowntownFortWorth-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2010, XTO Energy and ExxonMobil gave a $5 million grant to Colorado State University to fund studies on the impact of oil and gas drilling on wildlife. The grant resulted in 20 research projects.<sup id="cite_ref-Handy14_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Handy14-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zaffos13_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zaffos13-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2013, XTO Energy gave $100,000 to Butler County Community College.<sup id="cite_ref-Funk14_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Funk14-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The funds helped establish a petroleum technology training center.<sup id="cite_ref-Funk14_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Funk14-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Also in 2013, XTO Energy donated $200,000 to the American Red Cross to support efforts to help Colorado communities with natural disaster protection and recovery.<sup id="cite_ref-RedCross_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RedCross-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2014, XTO Energy donated $25,000 in the form of grants to Westmoreland County Community College in Pittsburgh to help students enrolled in the Petroleum Industrial Processing Operations Technology program offset tuition and travel costs, as well as purchase equipment for the school.<sup id="cite_ref-Coyne14_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coyne14-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Also in 2014, XTO Energy donated 21 historic <a href="/wiki/Navajo_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Navajo people">Navajo</a> blankets to the Farmington Museum in <a href="/wiki/Farmington,_New_Mexico" title="Farmington, New Mexico">New Mexico</a>; the blankets were valued at $175,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Kellogg14_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kellogg14-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, XTO contributed $5 million to the North Dakota Housing Incentive Fund, supporting the construction of low-cost apartments for teachers and emergency personnel. The donation was the largest since the fund was established in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Scheyder15_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scheyder15-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regulatory_issues">Regulatory issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XTO_Energy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Regulatory issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2013, XTO agreed with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</a> to pay a $100,000 fine for a November 2010 water spill at a Pennsylvania water recycling operation.<sup id="cite_ref-Rosenberg13_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosenberg13-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In September 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Attorney_General" title="Pennsylvania Attorney General">Pennsylvania Attorney General</a> filed criminal charges against XTO, stemming from this incident.<sup id="cite_ref-Murray13_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murray13-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2013, the federal <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Natural_Resources_Revenue" title="Office of Natural Resources Revenue">Office of Natural Resources Revenue</a> issued a $648,000 civil penalty against XTO for not providing data regarding a federal lease in Kansas.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuquay13_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuquay13-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> XTO has stated that it did provide the required records, but that the process was time-consuming.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuquay13_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuquay13-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As of 2013, XTO Energy had requested a hearing on the matter.<sup id="cite_ref-Fuquay13_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fuquay13-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 2015, a study published by researchers at <a href="/wiki/Southern_Methodist_University" title="Southern Methodist University">Southern Methodist University</a> (SMU) in Dallas allegedly connected two XTO-operated wastewater disposal wells with a series of earthquakes in Azle, Texas, occurring in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-Hornbach&amp;co15_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hornbach&amp;co15-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In August 2015, preliminary findings by investigators with the Texas Railroad Commission found a disposal well operated near Azle by XTO Energy was unlikely to have caused the seismic activity, which contradicted the SMU study.<sup id="cite_ref-Osborne15_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Osborne15-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In November 2015, the final decision by the Texas Railroad Commission unanimously agreed with hearing examiners that there was not enough evidence to support findings that the wells contributed to seismic activity and that XTO should be able to maintain its permit for the wells.<sup id="cite_ref-Baker15_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baker15-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Malewitz15_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Malewitz15-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP15_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP15-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XTO_Energy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyOfficers?symbol=XOM#lCoSgtMfGPhfPCS9.97">"Exxon Mobil Corp (XOM)"</a>. Reuters<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Exxon+Mobil+Corp+%28XOM%29&amp;rft.pub=Reuters&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Ffinance%2Fstocks%2FcompanyOfficers%3Fsymbol%3DXOM%23lCoSgtMfGPhfPCS9.97&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXTO+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hoovers-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hoovers_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hoovers_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoovers.com/company-information/cs/company-profile.XTO_Energy_Inc.a8eb40e734e93f37.html">"XTO Energy Inc. Company Profile"</a>. <i>hoovers.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Hoover%27s" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoover&#39;s">Hoover's</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=hoovers.com&amp;rft.atitle=XTO+Energy+Inc.+Company+Profile&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoovers.com%2Fcompany-information%2Fcs%2Fcompany-profile.XTO_Energy_Inc.a8eb40e734e93f37.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXTO+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-King03-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-King03_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPat_King2003" class="citation news cs1">Pat King (26 August 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402210549/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119688521.html">"XTO Energy Brings Old Oil, Gas Wells in Alaska Back to Life"</a>. <i>AK Oil &amp; Gas Reporter</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-119688521.html">the original</a> on 2 April 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=AK+Oil+%26+Gas+Reporter&amp;rft.atitle=XTO+Energy+Brings+Old+Oil%2C+Gas+Wells+in+Alaska+Back+to+Life&amp;rft.date=2003-08-26&amp;rft.au=Pat+King&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highbeam.com%2Fdoc%2F1G1-119688521.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXTO+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carroll11-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carroll11_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carroll11_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carroll11_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carroll11_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carroll11_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Carroll2011" class="citation web cs1">Joe Carroll (9 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-09/exxon-buys-natural-gas-companies-phillips-twp-for-1-69-billion.html">"Exxon Expands U.S. Gas Reserves With $1.7 Billion Purchase"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&amp;rft.atitle=Exxon+Expands+U.S.+Gas+Reserves+With+%241.7+Billion+Purchase&amp;rft.date=2011-06-09&amp;rft.au=Joe+Carroll&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2011-06-09%2Fexxon-buys-natural-gas-companies-phillips-twp-for-1-69-billion.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXTO+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polson12b-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Polson12b_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_PolsonJoe_Carroll2012" class="citation news cs1">Jim Polson; Joe Carroll (17 October 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/globe-investor/exxon-makes-a-land-grab-with-26-billion-deal-for-celtic/article4617626/">"Exxon expands into Canadian shale with bid for Celtic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Mail&amp;rft.atitle=Exxon+expands+into+Canadian+shale+with+bid+for+Celtic&amp;rft.date=2012-10-17&amp;rft.au=Jim+Polson&amp;rft.au=Joe+Carroll&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fglobe-investor%2Fexxon-makes-a-land-grab-with-26-billion-deal-for-celtic%2Farticle4617626%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXTO+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OKeefe12-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OKeefe12_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrian_O&#39;Keefe2012" class="citation news cs1">Brian O'Keefe (16 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortune.com/2012/04/16/exxons-big-bet-on-shale-gas/">"Exxon's big bet on shale gas"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Fortune&amp;rft.atitle=Exxon%27s+big+bet+on+shale+gas&amp;rft.date=2012-04-16&amp;rft.au=Brian+O%27Keefe&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2012%2F04%2F16%2Fexxons-big-bet-on-shale-gas%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXTO+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pearson09-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson09_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson09_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson09_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShashana_Pearson-Hormillosa2009" class="citation web cs1">Shashana Pearson-Hormillosa (28 June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/stories/2009/06/29/tidbits3.html?page=all">"Facetime with XTO Energy's Bob Simpson"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Business_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Business Journal">Dallas Business Journal</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxbusiness.com/news/2013/07/18/xto-energy-agrees-to-pay-100000-fine-for-fracking-spill/">the original</a> on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Dallas+Business+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=XTO+faces+criminal+charges+in+Pennsylvania+wastewater+case&amp;rft.date=2013-09-12&amp;rft.au=Lance+Murray&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fdallas%2Fblog%2Fmorning_call%2F2013%2F09%2Fxto-faces-criminal-charges-in.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXTO+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fuquay13-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fuquay13_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fuquay13_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fuquay13_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Fuquay2013" class="citation web cs1">Jim Fuquay (22 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140415123719/http://blogs.star-telegram.com/barnett_shale/2013/10/xto-energy-hit-with-648000-fine-from-federal-agency.html">"XTO Energy hit with $648,000 fine from federal agency"</a>. <i>Barnett Shale</i>. Star-Telegram.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blogs.star-telegram.com/barnett_shale/2013/10/xto-energy-hit-with-648000-fine-from-federal-agency.html#storylink=cpy">the original</a> on April 15, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Barnett+Shale&amp;rft.atitle=XTO+Energy+hit+with+%24648%2C000+fine+from+federal+agency&amp;rft.date=2013-10-22&amp;rft.au=Jim+Fuquay&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblogs.star-telegram.com%2Fbarnett_shale%2F2013%2F10%2Fxto-energy-hit-with-648000-fine-from-federal-agency.html%23storylink%3Dcpy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXTO+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hornbach&amp;co15-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hornbach&amp;co15_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_J._Hornbach_&amp;_co2015" class="citation journal cs1">Matthew J. Hornbach &amp; co (21 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150421/ncomms7728/full/ncomms7728.html">"Causal factors for seismicity near Azle, Texas"</a>. <i>Nature Communications</i>. <b>6</b>. nature publishing group: 6728. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NatCo...6.6728H">2015NatCo...6.6728H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fncomms7728">10.1038/ncomms7728</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4410634">4410634</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25898170">25898170</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:19124473">19124473</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature+Communications&amp;rft.atitle=Causal+factors+for+seismicity+near+Azle%2C+Texas&amp;rft.volume=6&amp;rft.pages=6728&amp;rft.date=2015-04-21&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4410634%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A19124473%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2015NatCo...6.6728H&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25898170&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fncomms7728&amp;rft.au=Matthew+J.+Hornbach+%26+co&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fncomms%2F2015%2F150421%2Fncomms7728%2Ffull%2Fncomms7728.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXTO+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osborne15-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Osborne15_41-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Osborne2015" class="citation web cs1">James Osborne (31 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dallasnews.com/business/energy/20150831-railroad-commission-xto-not-to-blame-for-azle-earthquakes.ece">"Railroad Commission: XTO not to blame for Azle earthquakes"</a>. <i>The Dallas Morning News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Dallas+Morning+News&amp;rft.atitle=Railroad+Commission%3A+XTO+not+to+blame+for+Azle+earthquakes&amp;rft.date=2015-08-31&amp;rft.au=James+Osborne&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dallasnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Fenergy%2F20150831-railroad-commission-xto-not-to-blame-for-azle-earthquakes.ece&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXTO+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baker15-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Baker15_42-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMax_B._Baker2015" class="citation web cs1">Max B. Baker (3 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.star-telegram.com/news/business/article42607200.html#storylink=cpy">"Texas: Azle earthquakes aren't due to injection wells"</a>. <i>Fort Worth Star-Telegram</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Fort+Worth+Star-Telegram&amp;rft.atitle=Texas%3A+Azle+earthquakes+aren%27t+due+to+injection+wells&amp;rft.date=2015-11-03&amp;rft.au=Max+B.+Baker&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.star-telegram.com%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Farticle42607200.html%23storylink%3Dcpy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXTO+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Malewitz15-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Malewitz15_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Malewitz2015" class="citation web cs1">Jim Malewitz (3 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.texastribune.org/2015/11/03/quake-question-railroad-commission-sides-energy-co/">"On Quakes, Regulator Sides with Energy Companies"</a>. <i>Texas Tribune</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Texas+Tribune&amp;rft.atitle=On+Quakes%2C+Regulator+Sides+with+Energy+Companies&amp;rft.date=2015-11-03&amp;rft.au=Jim+Malewitz&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.texastribune.org%2F2015%2F11%2F03%2Fquake-question-railroad-commission-sides-energy-co%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXTO+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AP15-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AP15_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon2015" class="citation web cs1">Anon (3 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fuelfix.com/blog/2015/11/03/texas-regulator-maintains-gas-company-permits-despite-quakes/#2572101=0">"Texas regulator maintains gas company permits despite quakes"</a>. Fuel Fix Blog. Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Texas+regulator+maintains+gas+company+permits+despite+quakes&amp;rft.pub=Fuel+Fix+Blog&amp;rft.date=2015-11-03&amp;rft.au=Anon&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffuelfix.com%2Fblog%2F2015%2F11%2F03%2Ftexas-regulator-maintains-gas-company-permits-despite-quakes%2F%232572101%3D0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AXTO+Energy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=XTO_Energy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xtoenergy.com/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762354#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output 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style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esso" title="Esso">Esso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ExxonMobil#Present_usage_of_Exxon_and_Mobil" title="History of ExxonMobil">Exxon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobil" title="Mobil">Mobil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobil_1" title="Mobil 1">Mobil 1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Run_(convenience_store)" title="On the Run (convenience store)">On the Run</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedpass" title="Speedpass">Speedpass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enco_(brand)" title="Enco (brand)">Enco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exxon_Mobil_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Exxon_Mobil_Logo.svg/120px-Exxon_Mobil_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Exxon_Mobil_Logo.svg/180px-Exxon_Mobil_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Exxon_Mobil_Logo.svg/240px-Exxon_Mobil_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="47" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsidiaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aera_Energy" title="Aera Energy">Aera Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exxon_Neftegas" title="Exxon Neftegas">Exxon Neftegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil_Australia" title="ExxonMobil Australia">ExxonMobil Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil_Nigeria" title="ExxonMobil Nigeria">ExxonMobil Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Oil" title="Imperial Oil">Imperial Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SeaRiver_Maritime" title="SeaRiver Maritime">SeaRiver Maritime</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">XTO Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exxon_Enterprises" title="Exxon Enterprises">Exxon Enterprises</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creole_Petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Creole Petroleum">Creole Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humble_Oil" title="Humble Oil">Humble Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnolia_Petroleum_Company" title="Magnolia Petroleum Company">Magnolia Petroleum Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petron" class="mw-redirect" title="Petron">Petron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_Oil_Company" title="Superior Oil Company">Superior Oil Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_Oil_Company" title="Vacuum Oil Company">Vacuum Oil Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Vacuum_Oil_Company" title="Standard Vacuum Oil Company">Standard Vacuum Oil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Boskin" title="Michael Boskin">Michael Boskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Faulkner" title="Larry Faulkner">Larry Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_George_(academic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill George (academic)">William W. George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Houghton" title="James R. Houghton">James R. Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Palmisano" title="Samuel J. Palmisano">Samuel J. Palmisano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Raymond" title="Lee Raymond">Lee Raymond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rockefeller" title="John D. Rockefeller">John D. Rockefeller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_V._Shipley" title="Walter V. Shipley">Walter V. Shipley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_C._Teagle" title="Walter C. Teagle">Walter C. Teagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Tillerson" title="Rex Tillerson">Rex Tillerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darren_Woods" title="Darren Woods">Darren Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge_Refinery" title="Baton Rouge Refinery">Baton Rouge Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baytown_Refinery" title="Baytown Refinery">Baytown Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billings_Refinery_(Par_Pacific)" title="Billings Refinery (Par Pacific)">Billings Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esso_Refinery,_Milford_Haven" title="Esso Refinery, Milford Haven">Milford Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exxon_Building_(New_York)" class="mw-redirect" title="Exxon Building (New York)">Exxon Building (New York)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fawley_Refinery" title="Fawley Refinery">Fawley Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Oil_Building" title="Imperial Oil Building">Imperial Oil Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossmorran" title="Mossmorran">Mossmorran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanticoke_Refinery" title="Nanticoke Refinery">Nanticoke Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Stanvac_Refinery" title="Port Stanvac Refinery">Port Stanvac Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Alaska_Pipeline_System" title="Trans-Alaska Pipeline System">Trans-Alaska Pipeline System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Zakum_oil_field" title="Upper Zakum oil field">Upper Zakum oil field</a> (28%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_ExxonMobil" title="Criticism of ExxonMobil">Overview of controversies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accusations_of_ExxonMobil_human_rights_violations_in_Aceh" title="Accusations of ExxonMobil human rights violations in Aceh">Accusations of ExxonMobil human rights violations in Aceh</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Allison_v._ExxonMobil_Corp." title="Allison v. ExxonMobil Corp.">Allison v. ExxonMobil Corp.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Exxon_Corp._v_Exxon_Insurance_Consultants_International_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Exxon Corp. v Exxon Insurance Consultants International Ltd">Exxon Corp. v Exxon Insurance Consultants International Ltd</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_Esso_Longford_fire" title="1998 Esso Longford fire">Longford, Victoria gas plant fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil_climate_change_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="ExxonMobil climate change controversy">ExxonMobil climate change controversy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kivalina_v._ExxonMobil_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Kivalina v. ExxonMobil Corporation">Kivalina v. ExxonMobil Corporation</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Pollution_Act_of_1990" title="Oil Pollution Act of 1990">Oil Pollution Act of 1990</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/People_of_the_State_of_New_York_v._Exxon_Mobil_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="People of the State of New York v. Exxon Mobil Corp.">People of the State of New York v. Exxon Mobil Corp.</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oil spills</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_ExxonMobil_oil_spill" title="2010 ExxonMobil oil spill">2010 ExxonMobil oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Port_Arthur_oil_spill" title="2010 Port Arthur oil spill">2010 Port Arthur oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Mayflower_oil_spill" title="2013 Mayflower oil spill">2013 Mayflower oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill" title="Exxon Valdez oil spill"><i>Exxon Valdez</i> oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenpoint_oil_spill" title="Greenpoint oil spill">Greenpoint oil spill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Atlantic_Empress" title="SS Atlantic Empress">SS <i>Atlantic Empress</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SS_Esso_Brussels" title="SS Esso Brussels">SS <i>Esso Brussels</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oil &amp; gas fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colony_Shale_Oil_Project" title="Colony Shale Oil Project">Colony Shale Oil Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East-Prinovozemelsky_field" title="East-Prinovozemelsky field">East-Prinovozemelsky field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goose_Creek_Oil_Field" title="Goose Creek Oil Field">Goose Creek Oil Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebron-Ben_Nevis_oil_field" title="Hebron-Ben Nevis oil field">Hebron-Ben Nevis oil field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hibernia_oil_field" title="Hibernia oil field">Hibernia oil field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kearl_Oil_Sands_Project" title="Kearl Oil Sands Project">Kearl Oil Sands Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizomba_deepwater_project" title="Kizomba deepwater project">Kizomba deepwater project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormen_Lange_(gas_field)" title="Ormen Lange (gas field)">Ormen Lange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembina_oil_field" title="Pembina oil field">Pembina oil field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudhoe_Bay_Oil_Field" title="Prudhoe Bay Oil Field">Prudhoe Bay Oil Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sable_Offshore_Energy_Project" title="Sable Offshore Energy Project">Sable Offshore Energy Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin-I" title="Sakhalin-I">Sakhalin-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengiz_Field" title="Tengiz Field">Tengiz Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tern_oilfield" title="Tern oilfield">Tern oilfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuapse_field" title="Tuapse field">Tuapse field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Qurna_Field" title="West Qurna Field">West Qurna Field</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ExxonMobil" title="History of ExxonMobil">History of ExxonMobil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esso_Motor_Hotel" title="Esso Motor Hotel">Esso Motor Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil_Electrofrac" title="ExxonMobil Electrofrac">ExxonMobil Electrofrac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobil_Showcase_Network" title="Mobil Showcase Network">Mobil Showcase Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esso_Power_Players" title="Esso Power Players">Power Players</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sponsorship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Universe_of_Energy" title="Universe of Energy">Universe of Energy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span 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