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Disponibil în 98 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterk_wisselwerking" title="Sterk wisselwerking – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sterk wisselwerking" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starke_Wechselwirkung" title="Starke Wechselwirkung – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Starke Wechselwirkung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interacci%C3%B3n_nucleyar_fuerte" title="Interacción nucleyar fuerte – aragoneză" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Interacción nucleyar fuerte" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%B1_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A" title="تآثر قوي – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تآثر قوي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaici%C3%B3n_nuclear_fuerte" title="Interaición nuclear fuerte – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Interaición nuclear fuerte" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCcl%C3%BC_qar%C5%9F%C4%B1l%C4%B1ql%C4%B1_t%C9%99sir" title="Güclü qarşılıqlı təsir – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Güclü qarşılıqlı təsir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%84%D9%88_%DA%86%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%DA%A9_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88" title="گوجلو چکیردک گوجو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گوجلو چکیردک گوجو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%81%D0%BB%D3%A9_%D2%AF%D2%99-%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8C%D2%AB%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D2%AF" title="Көслө үҙ-ара тәьҫир итешеү – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Көслө үҙ-ара тәьҫир итешеү" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Моцнае ўзаемадзеянне – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Моцнае ўзаемадзеянне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5_%D1%9E%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Моцнае ўзаемадзеяньне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Моцнае ўзаемадзеяньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%8F%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Силно ядрено взаимодействие – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Силно ядрено взаимодействие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B2" title="সবল নিউক্লিয় বল – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সবল নিউক্লিয় বল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaka_interakcija" title="Jaka interakcija – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jaka interakcija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7a_nuclear_forta" title="Força nuclear forta – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Força nuclear forta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%DB%8E%DA%A9%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B2" title="کارلێکی بەھێز – kurdă centrală" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کارلێکی بەھێز" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdă centrală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siln%C3%A1_interakce" title="Silná interakce – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Silná interakce" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%83%D0%B9%D0%BB%C4%83_%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B5-%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%80%C4%95%C3%A7_%D0%B2%C4%83%D0%B9%C4%83%D0%BC" title="Вăйлă хире-хирĕç вăйăм – ciuvașă" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вăйлă хире-хирĕç вăйăм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyngweithiad_cryf" title="Rhyngweithiad cryf – galeză" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhyngweithiad cryf" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A6rk_kernekraft" title="Stærk kernekraft – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stærk kernekraft" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starke_Wechselwirkung" title="Starke Wechselwirkung – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Starke Wechselwirkung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%83%CF%87%CF%85%CF%81%CE%AE_%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BB%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Ισχυρή αλληλεπίδραση – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ισχυρή αλληλεπίδραση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction" title="Strong interaction – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Strong interaction" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forta_nuklea_forto" title="Forta nuklea forto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Forta nuklea forto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interacci%C3%B3n_nuclear_fuerte" title="Interacción nuclear fuerte – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Interacción nuclear fuerte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tugev_vastastikm%C3%B5ju" title="Tugev vastastikmõju – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tugev vastastikmõju" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkarrekintza_nuklear_bortitz" title="Elkarrekintza nuklear bortitz – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Elkarrekintza nuklear bortitz" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%87%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C" title="نیروی هسته‌ای قوی – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروی هسته‌ای قوی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahva_vuorovaikutus" title="Vahva vuorovaikutus – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vahva vuorovaikutus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_forte" title="Interaction forte – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Interaction forte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterke_kearnkr%C3%AAft" title="Sterke kearnkrêft – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sterke kearnkrêft" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idirghn%C3%ADomh%C3%BA_l%C3%A1idir" title="Idirghníomhú láidir – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Idirghníomhú láidir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent%C3%A9raksyon_f%C3%B2" title="Entéraksyon fò – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Entéraksyon fò" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interacci%C3%B3n_nuclear_forte" title="Interacción nuclear forte – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Interacción nuclear forte" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%94%D7%97%D7%96%D7%A7" title="הכוח החזק – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הכוח החזק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="प्रबल अन्योन्य क्रिया – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रबल अन्योन्य क्रिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction" title="Strong interaction – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Strong interaction" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaka_nuklearna_sila" title="Jaka nuklearna sila – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jaka nuklearna sila" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ent%C3%A8raksyon_f%C3%B2" title="Entèraksyon fò – haitiană" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Entèraksyon fò" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Er%C5%91s_k%C3%B6lcs%C3%B6nhat%C3%A1s" title="Erős kölcsönhatás – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Erős kölcsönhatás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%88%D6%82%D5%AA%D5%A5%D5%B2_%D6%83%D5%B8%D5%AD%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ուժեղ փոխազդեցություն – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ուժեղ փոխազդեցություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_forte" title="Interaction forte – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Interaction forte" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_nuklir_kuat" title="Gaya nuklir kuat – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gaya nuklir kuat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaction_fort" title="Interaction fort – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Interaction fort" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort-interago" title="Fort-interago – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Fort-interago" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterk_v%C3%ADxlverkun" title="Sterk víxlverkun – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sterk víxlverkun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interazione_forte" title="Interazione forte – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Interazione forte" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E3%81%84%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="強い相互作用 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="強い相互作用" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrang_intarakshan" title="Chrang intarakshan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Chrang intarakshan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ძლიერი ურთიერთქმედება – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძლიერი ურთიერთქმედება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D2%AF%D1%88%D1%82%D1%96_%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%83" title="Күшті әсерлесу – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Күшті әсерлесу" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%95%ED%95%9C_%EC%83%81%ED%98%B8%EC%9E%91%EC%9A%A9" title="강한 상호작용 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="강한 상호작용" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis_fortis" title="Vis fortis – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Vis fortis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiprioji_s%C4%85veika" title="Stiprioji sąveika – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stiprioji sąveika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stipr%C4%81_mijiedarb%C4%ABba" title="Stiprā mijiedarbība – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Stiprā mijiedarbība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Силно заемодејство – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Силно заемодејство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82" title="ശക്ത ന്യൂക്ലിയാർ പ്രവർത്തനം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ശക്ത ന്യൂക്ലിയാർ പ്രവർത്തനം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%B9_%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%86%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BB%D1%87%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Хүчтэй харилцан үйлчлэл – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүчтэй харилцан үйлчлэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daya_nukleus_kuat" title="Daya nukleus kuat – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Daya nukleus kuat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%BD%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" title="အားကောင်းစွာ အချင်းချင်းသက်ရောက်မှု – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အားကောင်းစွာ အချင်းချင်းသက်ရောက်မှု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starke_Kraft" title="Starke Kraft – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Starke Kraft" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterke_kernkracht" title="Sterke kernkracht – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sterke kernkracht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fargekraft" title="Fargekraft – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fargekraft" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fargekraft" title="Fargekraft – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fargekraft" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B2r%C3%A7a_nucleara_f%C3%B2rta" title="Fòrça nucleara fòrta – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Fòrça nucleara fòrta" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B2" title="ਤਕੜਾ ਮੇਲ-ਜੋਲ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਕੜਾ ਮੇਲ-ਜੋਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oddzia%C5%82ywanie_silne" title="Oddziaływanie silne – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Oddziaływanie silne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%A9%DA%91%D8%A7_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84" title="تکڑا میل جول – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تکڑا میل جول" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84" title="قوي تعامل – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قوي تعامل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7a_forte" title="Força forte – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Força forte" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%B1uku_huk%27i_sinchi_micha" title="Iñuku huk'i sinchi micha – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Iñuku huk'i sinchi micha" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Сильное взаимодействие – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сильное взаимодействие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaka_nuklearna_sila" title="Jaka nuklearna sila – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jaka nuklearna sila" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction" title="Strong interaction – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Strong interaction" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siln%C3%A1_interakcia_hmotn%C3%BDch_objektov" title="Silná interakcia hmotných objektov – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Silná interakcia hmotných objektov" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C4%8Dna_jedrska_sila" title="Močna jedrska sila – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Močna jedrska sila" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashk%C3%ABveprimi_i_fort%C3%AB" title="Bashkëveprimi i fortë – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bashkëveprimi i fortë" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Јака интеракција – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јака интеракција" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaya_nuklir_kuat" title="Gaya nuklir kuat – sundaneză" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gaya nuklir kuat" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stark_v%C3%A4xelverkan" title="Stark växelverkan – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stark växelverkan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mwingiliano_madhubuti" title="Mwingiliano madhubuti – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mwingiliano madhubuti" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88" title="வலிய இடைவினை – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="வலிய இடைவினை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%B0_%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF" title="బలమైన పరస్పర చర్య – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బలమైన పరస్పర చర్య" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1" title="อันตรกิริยาอย่างเข้ม – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อันตรกิริยาอย่างเข้ม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interaksiyong_malakas" title="Interaksiyong malakas – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Interaksiyong malakas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BC%C3%A7l%C3%BC_etkile%C5%9Fim" title="Güçlü etkileşim – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Güçlü etkileşim" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D1%82%D3%99%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%88%D2%AF" title="Көчле тәэсир итешү – tătară" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Көчле тәэсир итешү" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tătară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%82-%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D2%AF%D1%88%D1%82%D2%AF%D0%B3_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B3" title="Бот-боттарынче күштүг кылдыныг – tuvană" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Бот-боттарынче күштүг кылдыныг" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuvană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%94%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Сильна взаємодія – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сильна взаємодія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%84" title="قوی تفاعل – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قوی تفاعل" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuchli_o%27zaro_ta%27sir" title="Kuchli o'zaro ta'sir – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kuchli o'zaro ta'sir" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4gev_vastami%C5%BEpaineg" title="Vägev vastamižpaineg – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vägev vastamižpaineg" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_t%C3%A1c_m%E1%BA%A1nh" title="Tương tác mạnh – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tương tác mạnh" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makusog_nga_pahilabotay" title="Makusog nga pahilabotay – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Makusog nga pahilabotay" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="强相互作用 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="强相互作用" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A7%D7%A2_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%98" title="שטארקע קראפט – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שטארקע קראפט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%BA%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="强相互作用 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="强相互作用" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%B4ng-la%CC%8Dt" title="Kiông-la̍t – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiông-la̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E7%9B%B8%E4%BA%92%E4%BD%9C%E7%94%A8" title="強相互作用 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="強相互作用" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11415#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Interac%C8%9Biune_tare" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon 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acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interac%C8%9Biune_tare&action=info" title="Mai multe informații despre această pagină"><span>Informații despre pagină</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Interac%C8%9Biune_tare&id=16408997&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInterac%25C8%259Biune_tare"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInterac%25C8%259Biune_tare"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Interac%C8%9Biune+tare"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Interac%C8%9Biune_tare&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interac%C8%9Biune_tare&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Strong_nuclear_force" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11415" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Ambox_content.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune pare să conțină <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:F%C4%83r%C4%83_cercetare_original%C4%83" title="Wikipedia:Fără cercetare originală">cercetare originală</a></b>.<br /> Dacă textul nu poate fi rescris conform <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Politica_oficial%C4%83" title="Wikipedia:Politica oficială">politicii Wikipedia</a></b>, atunci va fi șters.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16501920"><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-content ambox-content" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Question_book-4.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/50px-Question_book-4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/75px-Question_book-4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Question_book-4.svg/100px-Question_book-4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="262" data-file-height="204" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span"><b>Acest articol sau această secțiune are <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">bibliografia</a> incompletă sau inexistentă.</b><br /> Puteți contribui prin adăugarea de referințe în vederea <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">susținerii bibliografice</a> a afirmațiilor pe care le conține.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fizica_modern%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fizica modernă — pagină inexistentă">Fizica modernă</a></th></tr><tr><td style="padding:0.2em 0 0.4em"><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\hat {H}}|\psi _{n}(t)\rangle =i\hbar {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}|\psi _{n}(t)\rangle }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>H</mi> <mo stretchy="false">^</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>ψ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo fence="false" stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\hat {H}}|\psi _{n}(t)\rangle =i\hbar {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}|\psi _{n}(t)\rangle }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/03b24b7ca95f4810737a9b44ce50173911b134e0" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:24.129ex; height:5.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\hat {H}}|\psi _{n}(t)\rangle =i\hbar {\frac {\partial }{\partial t}}|\psi _{n}(t)\rangle }"></span> <br /><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{{c}^{2}}}{\frac {{\partial }^{2}{\phi }_{n}}{{\partial t}^{2}}}-{{\nabla }^{2}{\phi }_{n}}+{\left({\frac {mc}{\hbar }}\right)}^{2}{\phi }_{n}=0}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∂</mi> <mi>t</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>−</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">∇</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>c</mi> </mrow> <mi class="MJX-variant">ℏ</mi> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>ϕ</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{{c}^{2}}}{\frac {{\partial }^{2}{\phi }_{n}}{{\partial t}^{2}}}-{{\nabla }^{2}{\phi }_{n}}+{\left({\frac {mc}{\hbar }}\right)}^{2}{\phi }_{n}=0}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c29e013d0d1fe7ad93e0ae91cac4c0a4121b406b" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.505ex; width:34.587ex; height:6.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\frac {1}{{c}^{2}}}{\frac {{\partial }^{2}{\phi }_{n}}{{\partial t}^{2}}}-{{\nabla }^{2}{\phi }_{n}}+{\left({\frac {mc}{\hbar }}\right)}^{2}{\phi }_{n}=0}"></span><div style="padding-top:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;font-size:90%;padding-top:0.4em;font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Ecua%C8%9Bia_lui_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Ecuația lui Schrödinger">Ecuația lui Schrödinger</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecua%C8%9Bia_Klein%E2%80%93Gordon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecuația Klein–Gordon — pagină inexistentă">Ecuația Klein–Gordon</a></div></td></tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Fondatori</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Werner Heisenberg</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pascual_Jordan" title="Pascual Jordan">Pascual Jordan</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Satyendra Nath Bose</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Concepte</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Spa%C8%9Biu" title="Spațiu">Spațiu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Timp" title="Timp">Timp</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Energie" title="Energie">Energie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Materie" title="Materie">Materie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Lucru_mecanic" title="Lucru mecanic">Lucru mecanic</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Aleatoriu" title="Aleatoriu">Aleatoriu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Informa%C8%9Bie" title="Informație">Informație</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Entropie" title="Entropie">Entropie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Minte" title="Minte">Minte</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Lumin%C4%83" title="Lumină">Lumină</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Particul%C4%83" title="Particulă">Particulă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Und%C4%83" title="Undă">Undă</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Ramuri</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_aplicat%C4%83" title="Fizică aplicată">Aplicată</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_experimental%C4%83" title="Fizică experimentală">Experimentală</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_teoretic%C4%83" title="Fizică teoretică">Teoretică</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Filosofia_%C8%99tiin%C8%9Bei" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofia științei">Filosofia științei</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Filosofia_fizicii" class="mw-redirect" title="Filosofia fizicii">Filosofia fizicii</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Logic%C4%83_matematic%C4%83" title="Logică matematică">Logică matematică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_matematic%C4%83" title="Fizică matematică">Fizică matematică</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Supersimetrie" title="Supersimetrie">Supersimetrie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_coardelor" title="Teoria coardelor">Teoria coardelor</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_M" title="Teoria M">Teoria M</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marea_teorie_unificat%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marea teorie unificată — pagină inexistentă">Marea teorie unificată</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Modelul_standard" title="Modelul standard">Modelul standard</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83_cuantic%C4%83" title="Mecanică cuantică">Mecanică cuantică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_cuantic%C4%83_a_c%C3%A2mpurilor" title="Teoria cuantică a câmpurilor">Teoria cuantică a câmpurilor</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Antiparticul%C4%83" title="Antiparticulă">Antiparticulă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Antimaterie" title="Antimaterie">Antimaterie</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">Electromagnetism</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Electrodinamic%C4%83_cuantic%C4%83" title="Electrodinamică cuantică">Electrodinamică cuantică</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Interac%C8%9Biune_slab%C4%83" title="Interacțiune slabă">Interacțiune slabă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Interac%C8%9Biune_electroslab%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interacțiune electroslabă — pagină inexistentă">Interacțiune electroslabă</a> <br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Interacțiune tare</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Cromodinamic%C4%83_cuantic%C4%83" title="Cromodinamică cuantică">Cromodinamică cuantică</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_atomic%C4%83" title="Fizică atomică">Fizică atomică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Fizica_particulelor_elementare" title="Fizica particulelor elementare">Fizica particulelor elementare</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_nuclear%C4%83" title="Fizică nucleară">Fizică nucleară</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Materie_exotic%C4%83" title="Materie exotică">Materie exotică</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bosonul_Higgs" title="Bosonul Higgs">Bosonul Higgs</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83_atomic%C4%83_%C8%99i_molecular%C4%83" title="Fizică atomică și moleculară">Fizică atomică și moleculară</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Fizica_materiei_condensate" title="Fizica materiei condensate">Fizica materiei condensate</a> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Informa%C8%9Bie_cuantic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Informație cuantică — pagină inexistentă">Informație cuantică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Calculator_cuantic" title="Calculator cuantic">Calculator cuantic</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spintronic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spintronică — pagină inexistentă">Spintronică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Superconductivitate" class="mw-redirect" title="Superconductivitate">Superconductivitate</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Sistem_dinamic" title="Sistem dinamic">Sistem dinamic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fotonic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fotonică — pagină inexistentă">Fotonică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biofizic%C4%83" title="Biofizică">Biofizică</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neurofizic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neurofizică — pagină inexistentă">Neurofizică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Minte_cuantic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Minte cuantică — pagină inexistentă">Minte cuantică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Plasm%C4%83" title="Plasmă">Plasmă</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_relativit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_restr%C3%A2nse" title="Teoria relativității restrânse">Relativitate restrânsă</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Teoria_relativit%C4%83%C8%9Bii_generale" title="Teoria relativității generale">Relaivitate generală</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Materie_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Materie întunecată">Materie întunecată</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Energie_%C3%AEntunecat%C4%83" title="Energie întunecată">Energie întunecată</a> <br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haos_cuantic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haos cuantic — pagină inexistentă">Haos cuantic</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emergen%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emergență — pagină inexistentă">Emergență</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sistem_complex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sistem complex — pagină inexistentă">Sistem complex</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Gaur%C4%83_neagr%C4%83" title="Gaură neagră">Gaură neagră</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Principiul_holografic" title="Principiul holografic">Principiul holografic</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Astrofizic%C4%83" title="Astrofizică">Astrofizică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Univers_observabil" title="Univers observabil">Univers observabil</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Cosmologie" title="Cosmologie">Cosmologie</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Gravita%C8%9Bie" title="Gravitație">Gravitație</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gravita%C8%9Bie_cuantic%C4%83" title="Gravitație cuantică">Gravitație cuantică</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Teoria_%C3%AEntregului" title="Teoria întregului">Teoria întregului</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Multivers" title="Multivers">Multivers</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Oameni de știință</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Witten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Witten — pagină inexistentă">Witten</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Röntgen">Röntgen</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Henri_Becquerel" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Curie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Skłodowska-Curie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Sommerfeld" title="Arnold Sommerfeld">Sommerfeld</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Rutherford</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Soddy" title="Frederick Soddy">Soddy</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Onnes</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" class="mw-redirect" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hermann_Weyl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermann Weyl — pagină inexistentă">Weyl</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Bohr</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">de Broglie</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Bose</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Compton</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van der Waals</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeman Dyson">Dyson</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moseley" title="Henry Moseley">Moseley</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Hilbert" title="David Hilbert">Hilbert</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_G%C3%B6del" title="Kurt Gödel">Gödel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Pascual_Jordan" title="Pascual Jordan">Jordan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Wigner">Wigner</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Hawking</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Georges Lemaître">Lemaître</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_George_Paget_Thomson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir George Paget Thomson — pagină inexistentă">Thomson</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Henri_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Henri Poincaré">Poincaré</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Archibald_Wheeler" title="John Archibald Wheeler">Wheeler</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_A._Millikan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert A. Millikan — pagină inexistentă">Millikan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Yoichiro_Nambu" title="Yoichiro Nambu">Nambu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">von Neumann</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Otto_Hahn" title="Otto Hahn">Hahn</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yang_Chen-Ning&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yang Chen-Ning — pagină inexistentă">Yang</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">Lee</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gerard_%27t_Hooft&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gerard 't Hooft — pagină inexistentă">'t Hooft</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/John_Stewart_Bell" title="John Stewart Bell">Bell</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" class="mw-redirect" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/C._V._Raman" class="mw-redirect" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_Bragg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence Bragg — pagină inexistentă">Bragg</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/William_Shockley" class="mw-redirect" title="William Shockley">Shockley</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ernest_O._Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest O. Lawrence">Lawrence</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Goudsmit" title="Samuel Goudsmit">Goudsmit</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/George_Uhlenbeck" title="George Uhlenbeck">Uhlenbeck</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:none;padding:0"><div class="NavHead" style="font-size:105%;background:inherit;color:var(--color-base, #000) !important;text-align:left;background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Categorii</div><div class="NavContent" style="font-size:105%;padding:0.2em 0 0.4em;text-align:center"><div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":0,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><span class="CategoryTreeNotice">Categoria <i>Fizică modernă</i> nu a fost găsită</span></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding-top: 0.6em;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Format:Fizica_modern%C4%83" title="Format:Fizica modernă"><abbr title="Vizualizează acest format">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Fizica_modern%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discuție Format:Fizica modernă — pagină inexistentă"><abbr title="Discută acest format">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Fizica_modern%C4%83&action=edit"><abbr title="Modifică acest format">m</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Interacțiunea tare</b>, numită și <b>Forța nucleară tare</b>, este una din cele 4 <a href="/wiki/Interac%C8%9Biuni_fundamentale" class="mw-redirect" title="Interacțiuni fundamentale">interacțiuni fundamentale</a> naturale cunoscute în prezent, celelalte trei fiind: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electromagnetism" title="Electromagnetism">Interacțiunea electromagnetică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interac%C8%9Biunea_slab%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Interacțiunea slabă">Interacțiunea slabă</a> sau Forța nucleară slabă</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravita%C8%9Bie" title="Gravitație">Gravitația</a>.</li></ul> <p>Forța nucleară tare este și cea mai puternică din aceste interacțiuni, fiind de 100 de ori mai puternică decât forța electromagnetică, de 10<sup>6</sup> ori mai puternică decât forța slabă și de 10<sup>39</sup> ori mai mare ca forța gravitațională. </p><p>Forța nucleară tare face ca <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protonii</a> și <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutronii</a> să rămână integri și stabili. Are o distanță de acțiune foarte scurtă, de circa 10<sup>-16</sup> metri. În acest context, ea este o forță nucleară. </p><p>În fizica nucleară forța nucleară tare ține <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quarkurile</a> și <a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">gluonii</a> împreună pentru a forma <a href="/wiki/Hadron" title="Hadron">hadroni</a>, adică <a href="/wiki/Barion" title="Barion">barionii</a>, care includ <a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">protonii</a> și <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">neutronii</a>, precum și <a href="/wiki/Mezon" title="Mezon">mezonii</a>, adică <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaon — pagină inexistentă">kaonii</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mezon_rho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mezon rho — pagină inexistentă">mezon rho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pion" title="Pion">pionii</a>, etc. </p><p>Se consideră că interacțiunea tare este mediată de gluoni care acționează asupra quarcurilor, anti-quarcurilor și împotriva gluonilor înșiși. Acest proces este detaliat în <a href="/wiki/Mecanic%C4%83_cuantic%C4%83" title="Mecanică cuantică">teoria cuantică</a> cromodinamică(QCD). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorie">Istorie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interac%C8%9Biune_tare&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Istorie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interac%C8%9Biune_tare&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Istorie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Înaintea anilor 1970, protonii și neutronii erau considerați particule elementare indivizibile. Era cunoscut că protonii purtau o sarcină electrică pozitivă. În ciuda faptului că respingerea electromagnetică realiza respingerea particulelor încărcate cu același fel de sarcină electrică, mai mulți protoni apăreau legați împreună în nucleele atomice cu neutroni cu sarcina zero, nu se știa mecanismul acestor legături. </p><p>Mult mai târziu s-a descoperit că protonii și neutronii nu erau particule fundamentale, ci erau constituite din alte particule, denumite quarcuri. Atracția puternică între nucleoni erau efectul secundar al unei forțe care țineau împreună quarcurile din protoni și neutroni. Teoria cuantică a cromodinamicii explică cum cuarcii poartă o caracteristică numită culoare, deși nu are nici o legătură cu spectrul vizibil.... </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cromodinamica_cuantică"><span id="Cromodinamica_cuantic.C4.83"></span><a href="/wiki/Cromodinamica_cuantic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Cromodinamica cuantică">Cromodinamica cuantică</a></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interac%C8%9Biune_tare&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Cromodinamica cuantică" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interac%C8%9Biune_tare&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Cromodinamica cuantică"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În teoria cromodinamicii cuantice, interacțiunea puternică este descrisă, la fel ca forța electromagnetică și <a href="/wiki/Interac%C8%9Biunea_slab%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Interacțiunea slabă">interacțiunea slabă</a>, prin intermediul schimbului de <a href="/wiki/Boson" title="Boson">bosoni</a>. Cuanta câmpului interacțiunii tari este <a href="/wiki/Gluon" title="Gluon">gluonul</a>, existând opt tipuri de gluoni. Gluonii transmit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarcini_de_culoare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarcini de culoare — pagină inexistentă">sarcină de culoare</a> (care pot fi de trei tipuri: "verde", "albastră" și "roșie") între <a href="/wiki/Quark" title="Quark">quarcuri</a>. Antiquarcurile au sarcinile de culoare specifice: "antiverde", "antiroșie" și "antialbastră". Suma sarcinilor de culoare dintr-un hadron trebuie să fie egală cu zero, adică toate <i>culorile</i> trebuie să se compenseze pentru a forma un hadron de culoare "albă". Barionii sunt formați din 3 quarcuri, care trebuie să aibă culori diferite.Intr-un barion nu pot exista 2 sau mai multe quarcuri cu aceeași sarcina coloristica. Un gluon poate interacționa cu alți gluoni și poate schimba sarcinile de culoare între ei. Forța tare acționează doar asupra quarcurilor și asupra gluonilor, singurele particule fundamentale care poartă o sarcină de culoare permanentă. Toate quarcurile și gluonii interacționează prin intermediul forței tari, aceasta fiind caracterizată de o constantă de cuplare puternică. </p><p>Gluonii, cuantele câmpului interacțiunii puternice, pot fi la rândul lor de o "culoare" și de o "anti-culoare" corespunzătoare (exemplu: antiroșu-albastru). Există nouă posibilități de combinare între cei 8 gluoni din motive matematice legate de grupul de simetrie "SU(3)", care reprezintă fundamentul matematic al cromodinamicii cuantice (combinația verde-antiverde este neutră din punct de vedere al sarcinii de culoare). Interacțiunea unui gluon cu un quarc poate schimba culoarea quarcului: un gluon albastru-antiroșu absorbit de un quarc roșu îl va transforma pe acesta într-un quarc albastru. O consecință a acestui mecanism este că sarcina de culoare a unui quarc se va schimba prin intermediul schimbului continuu de gluoni cu vecinii săi, dar sarcina totala a unui <a href="/wiki/Sistem_izolat" title="Sistem izolat">sistem izolat</a> de particule se conservă în timp. </p><p>O caracteristică importantă a forței tari este că acționează de asemenea asupra cuantelor câmpului său, gluonii, din cauza sarcinii lor de culoare. De exemplu, un gluon verde-antiroșu poate absorbi un gluon albastru-antiverde pentru a deveni antiroșu-albastru. Acest fenomen este marginal în cazul altor tipuri de interacțiuni fundamentale: fotonul, de exemplu, nu este încărcat electric (de fapt, interacțiunea slabă are o caracteristică similară în privința sarcinilor <i>W +</i> și <i>W-</i>, dar consecințele acestei interacțiuni sunt neglijabile). În cazul forței tari, această caracteristică rezultă într-un câmp foarte limitat pentru această forță, de ordinul diametrului unui hadron (~ 1 fm). O altă consecință este că forța de interacțiune între două quarcuri este aproape constantă, spre deosebire de alte interacțiuni în care forța este proporțională cu inversul pătratului distanței. Dacă am încerca să despărțim două quarcuri, ar trebui să aplicăm o energie tot mai mare pe măsură ce distanța dintre aceștia crește. La un moment dat, am furniza suficientă energie pentru a crea noi quarcuri și antiquarcuri, care s-ar alătura quarcurilor inițiali pentru a crea noi hadroni. </p><p>Forța tare are o proprietate numită <a href="/w/index.php?title=Libertate_asimptotic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Libertate asimptotică — pagină inexistentă">libertate asimptotică</a>, ceea ce înseamnă că, cu cât quarcurile se apropie mai mult unele de altele, cu atât forța nucleară tare se micșorează mai repede, apropiindu-se asimptotic de valoarea zero. În schimb, cu cât quarcurile se îndepărtează unele de altele, forța crește în magnitudine. Quarcurile nu pot fi găsite în stare liberă în Univers din cauza fenomenului de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Confinare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confinare — pagină inexistentă">confinare</a>. Trebuie calculate funcțiile beta, care codifică comportamentul constantei de cuplaj. În teoriile de calibru non-abeliene constanta de cuplaj este negativă.Chiar mai mult cuplajul scade logaritmic cu creșterea energiei, deci cromodinamica cuantică ar trebui să devină cuplată puternic la energii joase, iar aplicarea unei expansiuni de puteri ale constantei de cuplaj adimensionale g nu mai este valabilă. Dat fiind că odată cu scăderea energiei, cuplajul a crescut, metodele perturbative cu dezvoltarea cu o serie de puteri nu mai țin, metodele neperturbative ar fi cele mai eficiente în această situație.Pe langa libertatea asimptotica este prezenta si confiarea,adica quarcurile sunt confiati in particula.Daca se incearca despartirea unui quarc,atunci energia campului gluonic compenseaza printr-un alt quarc ,de aici rezulta si inexistenta quarcului liber.La energii de peste o anumita limita n ,intervine libertatea asimptotica iar la energii sub aceasta intervine confiarea. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nucleul_atomic">Nucleul atomic</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interac%C8%9Biune_tare&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Nucleul atomic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interac%C8%9Biune_tare&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Nucleul atomic"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Forța nucleară tare explică de ce nucleul atomic, alcătuit din protoni încărcați cu o sarcină pozitivă și neutronii neutri din punct de vedere electric, este destul de stabil. Spre deosebire de forța tare, forța nucleară descrește odată cu mărirea distanței dintre particule. În cadrul nucleului, forța nucleară are un caracter rezidual. </p><p>Nucleonii au mereu sarcina de culoare egală cu zero. Cu toate acestea, există o interacțiune reziduală între aceștia (însă aceasta este departe de a fi comparabilă cu forțele van der Waals, care pot fi considerate ca interacțiuni electromagnetice între atomii neutri din punct de vedere electric și/sau molecule). </p><p>La o distanță de aproximativ 2,5 <a href="/wiki/Femtometru" title="Femtometru">fm</a>, forța de atracție a interacțiunii puternice reziduale este comparabil de puternică cu repulsia electrostatică dintre protoni. La o distanță mai mare, forța puternică reziduală descrește exponențial, în timp ce forța electrostatică scade proporțional cu 1/r<sup>2</sup>. Această interacțiune dintre cele două forțe fundamentale explică coeziunea nucleelor atomice, dar și procesul de fisiune al nucleelor grele. Fenomenologic, interacțiunea puternică reziduală poate fi descrisă ca un schimb de pioni. </p><p>Un lucru care ajută la micșorarea repulsiei dintre protonii unui nucleu este prezența neutronilor. Aceștia sunt neutri din punct de vedere electric și nu sunt respinși de către protoni. Neutronii participă la schimbul de mezoni în cadrul nucleului, creând o forță suficient de puternică pentru a depăși repulsiile electronice reciproce și nucleul să rămână stabil. 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