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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Formation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 2000s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airbus_shareholding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airbus_shareholding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Airbus shareholding </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airbus_shareholding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 2010s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 2020s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Products </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Areas_of_business" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Areas_of_business"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Areas of business </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Areas_of_business-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Areas of business subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Areas_of_business-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 United Kingdom </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rest_of_the_world" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rest_of_the_world"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Rest of the world </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rest_of_the_world-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shareholders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shareholders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Shareholders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shareholders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Organisation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Corporate governance </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Corporate governance subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Senior_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senior_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Senior leadership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senior_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financial_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financial_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Financial information </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financial_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corruption_investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption_investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Corruption investigations </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corruption_investigations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Corruption investigations subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Corruption_investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Serious_Fraud_Office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Serious_Fraud_Office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Serious Fraud Office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Serious_Fraud_Office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_Arabia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_Arabia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Saudi Arabia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_Arabia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Criticism </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Criticism subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Espionage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Espionage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Espionage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Espionage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cluster_bombs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cluster_bombs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Cluster bombs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cluster_bombs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Saudi_war_in_Yemen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Saudi_war_in_Yemen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Saudi war in Yemen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Saudi_war_in_Yemen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel's_war_in_Gaza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel's_war_in_Gaza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Israel's war in Gaza </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel's_war_in_Gaza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Political_influence_and_donations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_influence_and_donations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.5 Political influence and donations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_influence_and_donations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">BAE Systems</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" > 37 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A5%D9%8A_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B2" title="بي أيه إي سيستمز – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بي أيه إي سيستمز" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B2" title="بی‌ای‌ئی سیستمز – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بی‌ای‌ئی سیستمز" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8" title="বিএই সিস্টেমস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বিএই সিস্টেমস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8_%D0%95%D0%B9_%D0%98_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BC%D1%81" title="Би Ей И Систъмс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Би Ей И Систъмс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B2" title="بی‌ای‌ئی سیستمز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بی‌ای‌ئی سیستمز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_%EC%8B%9C%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%9C%EC%8A%A4" title="BAE 시스템스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="BAE 시스템스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="बीएई सिस्टम्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बीएई सिस्टम्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9E%D7%A1" title="BAE סיסטמס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="BAE סיסטמס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0%E3%82%BA" title="BAEシステムズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="BAEシステムズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B5_%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C" title="บีเออี ซิสเต็มส์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บีเออี ซิสเต็มส์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systems" title="BAE Systems – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="BAE Systems" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B4%9D%E5%AE%9C%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F" title="贝宜系统 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="贝宜系统" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q739416#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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Click here for more information."><img alt="Featured article" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British defence, security and aerospace company</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"BAE" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/BAE_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="BAE (disambiguation)">BAE (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">BAE Systems plc</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:BAE_Systems_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BAE_Systems_logo.svg/250px-BAE_Systems_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BAE_Systems_logo.svg/375px-BAE_Systems_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/BAE_Systems_logo.svg/500px-BAE_Systems_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="110" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>British Aerospace Limited (1979–1981)</li><li>British Aerospace Public Limited Company (1981–2000)<a href="#cite_note-CompaniesHouse-1">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_limited_company" title="Public limited company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">LSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londonstockexchange.com/stock/BA.//">BA.</a> <a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100 Component</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace industry">Aerospace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">defence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Information_security" title="Information security">information security</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessors</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">British Aerospace</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Electronic_Systems" title="Marconi Electronic Systems">Marconi Electronic Systems</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">30 November 1999; 25 years ago (1999-11-30)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England, UK</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cressida_Hogg" title="Cressida Hogg">Cressida Hogg</a> (chair)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Woodburn" title="Charles Woodburn">Charles Woodburn</a> (CEO)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> £23.078 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> £2.573 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> £1.940 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> £32.064 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> £10.723 billion (2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">93,000 (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Division_(business)" title="Division (business)">Divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Organisation">See below</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Inc." title="BAE Systems Inc.">BAE Systems Inc.</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Australia" title="BAE Systems Australia">BAE Systems Australia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Digital_Intelligence" title="BAE Systems Digital Intelligence">BAE Systems Digital Intelligence</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://baesystems.com">baesystems.com</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below">Footnotes / references <a href="#cite_note-2022_Annl_Report-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> BAE Systems plc is a British <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> <a href="/wiki/Aerospace_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerospace industry">aerospace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">defence</a> and <a href="/wiki/Information_security" title="Information security">information security</a> company, based in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> It is the largest manufacturer in Britain as of 2017.<a href="#cite_note-veconomist-6">[6]</a> It is the largest defence contractor in Europe<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> and the seventh-largest in the world based on applicable 2021 revenues.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Its largest operations are in the United Kingdom and in the United States, where its <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Inc." title="BAE Systems Inc.">BAE Systems Inc.</a> subsidiary is one of the six largest suppliers to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">US Department of Defense</a>. Its next biggest markets are Saudi Arabia, then Australia; other major markets include Canada, Japan,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> India, Turkey, Qatar, Oman and Sweden.<a href="#cite_note-2022_Annl_Report-2">[2]</a> The company was formed on 30 November 1999 by the <a href="/wiki/British_pound_sterling" class="mw-redirect" title="British pound sterling">£</a>7.7 billion purchase of and merger of <a href="/wiki/Marconi_Electronic_Systems" title="Marconi Electronic Systems">Marconi Electronic Systems</a> (MES), the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Company_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="General Electric Company plc">General Electric Company plc</a> (GEC), with <a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">British Aerospace</a>, an aircraft, munitions and naval systems manufacturer. BAE Systems is the successor to various aircraft, shipbuilding, armoured vehicle, armaments and defence electronics companies, including the <a href="/wiki/Marconi_Company" title="Marconi Company">Marconi Company</a>, the first commercial company devoted to the development and use of radio; <a href="/wiki/Avro" title="Avro">A.V. Roe and Company</a>, one of the world's first aircraft companies; <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland" title="De Havilland">de Havilland</a>, manufacturer of the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet" title="De Havilland Comet">Comet</a>, the world's first commercial jet airliner; <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley" title="Hawker Siddeley">Hawker Siddeley</a>, manufacturer of the <a href="/wiki/Harrier_jump_jet" title="Harrier jump jet">Harrier</a>, the world's first VTOL attack aircraft; <a href="/wiki/British_Aircraft_Corporation" title="British Aircraft Corporation">British Aircraft Corporation</a>, co-manufacturer of the <a href="/wiki/Concorde" title="Concorde">Concorde</a> supersonic transport; <a href="/wiki/Supermarine" title="Supermarine">Supermarine</a>, manufacturer of the <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Spitfire</a>; <a href="/wiki/Yarrow_Shipbuilders" title="Yarrow Shipbuilders">Yarrow Shipbuilders</a>, builder of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Havock_class_destroyer" class="mw-redirect" title="Havock class destroyer">first destroyers</a>; <a href="/wiki/Fairfield_Shipbuilding_and_Engineering_Company" title="Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company">Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company</a>, builder of the world's first <a href="/wiki/Invincible-class_battlecruiser" title="Invincible-class battlecruiser">battlecruiser</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Shipbuilding_and_Engineering" title="Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering">Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering</a>, builder of the Royal Navy's first <a href="/wiki/Holland_class_submarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Holland class submarine">submarines</a>. Since its 1999 formation, BAE Systems has made a number of acquisitions, most notably of <a href="/wiki/Ball_Aerospace_%26_Technologies" title="Ball Aerospace & Technologies">Ball Aerospace</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Defense" title="United Defense">United Defense</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armor_Holdings" title="Armor Holdings">Armor Holdings</a> of the United States, and has sold its shares in <a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astrium" title="Astrium">Astrium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alenia_Marconi_Systems" title="Alenia Marconi Systems">AMS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atlas_Elektronik" title="Atlas Elektronik">Atlas Elektronik</a>. It is involved in several major defence projects, including the <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon" title="Eurofighter Typhoon">Eurofighter Typhoon</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Astute-class_submarine" title="Astute-class submarine">Astute</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dreadnought-class_submarine" title="Dreadnought-class submarine">Dreadnought</a> and <a href="/wiki/SSN-AUKUS" title="SSN-AUKUS">SSN-AUKUS</a> submarines. BAE is listed on the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a>'s <a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100 Index</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Predecessors">Predecessors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Predecessors">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg/220px-Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg/330px-Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg/440px-Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1561" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Supermarine" title="Supermarine">Supermarine</a>, the manufacturer of the <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire">Spitfire</a>, was a predecessor company of BAE Systems. It was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Vickers-Armstrongs" title="Vickers-Armstrongs">Vickers-Armstrongs</a>, which itself was merged into the <a href="/wiki/British_Aircraft_Corporation" title="British Aircraft Corporation">British Aircraft Corporation</a> in 1960.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">British Aerospace</a> bought <a href="/wiki/Marconi_Electronic_Systems" title="Marconi Electronic Systems">Marconi Electronic Systems</a> for £7.7 billion on 30 November 1999 and merged with it to form BAE Systems.<a href="#cite_note-scotsman2000-11">[11]</a> The company is the successor to many of the most famous British aircraft, defence electronics and warship manufacturers. Predecessor companies built the <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Comet" title="De Havilland Comet">Comet</a>, the world's first commercial jet airliner; the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Harrier" title="Hawker Siddeley Harrier">Harrier</a> "jump jet", the world's first operational <a href="/wiki/V/STOL" title="V/STOL">vertical/short take-off and landing</a> (VTOL) aircraft; the "groundbreaking"<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> Blue Vixen radar carried by <a href="/wiki/BAE_Sea_Harrier#Specifications_(Sea_Harrier_FA.2)" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Sea Harrier">Sea Harrier FA2s</a> and which formed the basis of the Eurofighter's <a href="/wiki/Euroradar_CAPTOR" title="Euroradar CAPTOR">CAPTOR</a> radar; and co-produced the <a href="/wiki/Concorde" title="Concorde">Concorde</a> supersonic airliner with <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale" title="Aérospatiale">Aérospatiale</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> British Aerospace was a civil and <a href="/wiki/Military_aircraft" title="Military aircraft">military aircraft</a> manufacturer, as well as a provider of military land systems. The company had emerged from the massive consolidation of UK aircraft manufacturers since World War II. British Aerospace was formed on 29 April 1977, by the nationalisation and merger of the <a href="/wiki/British_Aircraft_Corporation" title="British Aircraft Corporation">British Aircraft Corporation</a> (BAC), the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley" title="Hawker Siddeley">Hawker Siddeley Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Aviation" title="Scottish Aviation">Scottish Aviation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-compcomm-14">[14]</a> Both BAC and Hawker Siddeley were themselves the result of various mergers and acquisitions.<a href="#cite_note-lineage-15">[15]</a> Marconi Electronic Systems was the defence subsidiary of British engineering firm the <a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Company" title="General Electric Company">General Electric Company</a> (GEC), dealing largely in military <a href="/wiki/System_integrator" class="mw-redirect" title="System integrator">systems integration</a>, as well as naval and land systems. Marconi's heritage dates back to <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a>'s Wireless Telegraph & Signal Company, founded in 1897.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> GEC purchased <a href="/wiki/English_Electric" title="English Electric">English Electric</a> (which included Marconi) in 1968 and thereafter used the Marconi brand for its defence businesses (as GEC-Marconi and later Marconi Electronic Systems). GEC's own defence heritage dates back to World War I, when its contribution to the war effort included radios and bulbs. World War II consolidated this position, as the company was involved in important technological advances, notably the <a href="/wiki/Cavity_magnetron" title="Cavity magnetron">cavity magnetron</a> for <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">radar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Between 1945 and 1999, GEC-Marconi/Marconi Electronic Systems became one of the world's most important <a href="/wiki/Defence_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence contractor">defence contractors</a>. GEC's major defence related acquisitions included <a href="/wiki/Associated_Electrical_Industries" title="Associated Electrical Industries">Associated Electrical Industries</a> in 1967,<a href="#cite_note-cc-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Yarrow_Shipbuilders_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Yarrow Shipbuilders Limited">Yarrow Shipbuilders</a> in 1985,<a href="#cite_note-cc-18">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Plessey" title="Plessey">Plessey</a> companies in 1989,<a href="#cite_note-plesseyferranti-19">[19]</a> parts of <a href="/wiki/Ferranti" title="Ferranti">Ferranti</a>'s defence business in 1990,<a href="#cite_note-plesseyferranti-19">[19]</a> the rump of Ferranti when it went into receivership in 1993/1994, <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Shipbuilding_and_Engineering" title="Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering">Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering</a> in 1995<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kvaerner_Govan" title="Kvaerner Govan">Kværner Govan</a> in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> In June 1998, MES acquired <a href="/wiki/Tracor" title="Tracor">Tracor</a>, a major American defence contractor, for £830 million (about US$1.4 billion).<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Formation">edit</a>]</div> The 1997 merger of American corporations <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a> and <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas" title="McDonnell Douglas">McDonnell Douglas</a>, which followed the formation in 1995 of <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a>, the world's largest defence contractor, increased the pressure on European defence companies to consolidate. In June 1997, British Aerospace Defence managing director <a href="/wiki/John_Weston_(businessman)" title="John Weston (businessman)">John Weston</a> commented "Europe ... is supporting three times the number of contractors on less than half the budget of the U.S."<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> European governments wished to see the merger of their defence manufacturers into a single entity, a "European Aerospace and Defence Company".<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> As early as 1995, British Aerospace and the German aerospace and defence company <a href="/wiki/DaimlerChrysler_Aerospace" class="mw-redirect" title="DaimlerChrysler Aerospace">DaimlerChrysler Aerospace</a> (DASA) were said to be keen to create a transnational aerospace and defence company.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The two companies envisaged including Aérospatiale, the other major European aerospace company, but only after its privatisation.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The first stage of this integration was seen as the transformation of Airbus from a consortium of British Aerospace, DASA, Aérospatiale and <a href="/wiki/Construcciones_Aeron%C3%A1uticas" class="mw-redirect" title="Construcciones Aeronáuticas">Construcciones Aeronáuticas SA</a> into an integrated company; with this aim British Aerospace and DASA were united against the various objections of Aérospatiale.<a href="#cite_note-BAeDASArelations-27">[27]</a> As well as Airbus, British Aerospace and DASA were partners in the <a href="/wiki/Panavia_Tornado" title="Panavia Tornado">Panavia Tornado</a> and Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft projects. Merger discussions began between British Aerospace and DASA in July 1998, just as French participation became more likely with the announcement that Aérospatiale was to merge with <a href="/wiki/Matra" title="Matra">Matra</a> and emerge with a diluted French government shareholding.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> A merger was agreed between British Aerospace chairman <a href="/wiki/Richard_Evans_(businessman)" title="Richard Evans (businessman)">Richard Evans</a> and DASA CEO <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_E._Schrempp" title="Jürgen E. Schrempp">Jürgen Schrempp</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ftBAeDASA-29">[29]</a> Meanwhile, GEC was also under pressure to participate in defence industry consolidation. Reporting the appointment of George Simpson as GEC managing director in 1996, The Independent said "some analysts believe that Mr Simpson's inside knowledge of BAe, a long-rumoured GEC bid target, was a key to his appointment. GEC favours forging a national 'champion' defence group with BAe to compete with the giant US organisations."<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> When GEC put MES up for sale on 22 December 1998, British Aerospace abandoned the DASA merger in favour of purchasing its British rival. The merger of British Aerospace and MES was announced on 19 January 1999.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Evans stated in 2004 that his fear was that an American defence contractor would acquire MES and challenge both British Aerospace and DASA.<a href="#cite_note-ftBAeDASA-29">[29]</a> The merger created a <a href="/wiki/Vertically_integrated" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertically integrated">vertically integrated</a> company which The Scotsman described as "[a combination of British Aerospace's] contracting and platform-building skills with Marconi's coveted electronics systems capability",<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> for example combining the manufacturer of the Eurofighter with the company that provided many of the aircraft's electronic systems; British Aerospace was MES's largest customer.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> In contrast, DASA's response to the breakdown of the merger discussion was to merge with <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale" title="Aérospatiale">Aérospatiale</a> to create the European Aeronautic Defence and Space Company (<a href="/wiki/EADS" class="mw-redirect" title="EADS">EADS</a>), a <a href="/wiki/Horizontal_integration" title="Horizontal integration">horizontal integration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Seventeen undertakings were given by BAE Systems to the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(United_Kingdom)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (United Kingdom)">Department of Trade and Industry</a> which prevented a reference of the merger to the <a href="/wiki/Monopolies_and_Mergers_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Monopolies and Mergers Commission">Monopolies and Mergers Commission</a>. These were largely to ensure that the integrated company would tender sub-contracts to external companies on an equal basis with its subsidiaries. Another condition was the "<a href="/wiki/Chinese_wall" title="Chinese wall">firewalling</a>" of former British Aerospace and MES teams on defence projects such as the <a href="/wiki/Joint_Strike_Fighter_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="Joint Strike Fighter Program">Joint Strike Fighter</a> (JSF). In 2007 the government announced that it had agreed to release BAE Systems from ten of the undertakings due to "a change in circumstances".<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> BAE Systems inherited the UK government-owned <a href="/wiki/Golden_share" title="Golden share">"golden" share</a> that was established when British Aerospace was privatised. This unique share prevents amendments of certain parts of the company's <a href="/wiki/Articles_of_Association_(law)" class="mw-redirect" title="Articles of Association (law)">Articles of Association</a> without the permission of the Secretary of State.<a href="#cite_note-compcomm-14">[14]</a> These Articles require that no foreign person or persons acting together may hold more than 15% of the company's shares.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2000s">edit</a>]</div> BAE Systems' first annual report identified Airbus, support services to militaries and integrated systems for air, land and naval applications as key areas of growth. It also stated the company's desire to both expand in the US and participate in further consolidation in Europe. BAE Systems described 2001 as an "important year" for its European joint ventures, which were reorganised considerably. The company has described the rationale for expansion in the US; "[it] is by far the largest defence market with spend running close to twice that of the Western European nations combined. Importantly, US investment in research and development is significantly higher than in Western Europe."<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Dick_Olver" title="Dick Olver">Dick Olver</a> was appointed chairman in July 2004 he ordered a review of the company's businesses which ruled out further European acquisitions or joint ventures and confirmed a "strategic bias" for expansion and investment in the US.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> The review also confirmed the attractiveness of the land systems sector and, with two acquisitions in 2004 and 2005, BAE moved from a limited land systems supplier to the second largest such company in the world. This shift in strategy was described as "remarkable" by the <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>.<a href="#cite_note-baelandshift-39">[39]</a> Between 2008 and early 2011 BAE acquired five <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">cybersecurity</a> companies in a shift in strategy to take account of reduced spending by governments on "traditional defence items such as warships and tanks".<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In 2000 <a href="/wiki/Matra_Marconi_Space" title="Matra Marconi Space">Matra Marconi Space</a>, a joint BAE Systems/Matra company, was merged with the space division of DASA to form <a href="/wiki/Astrium" title="Astrium">Astrium</a>. On 16 June 2003 BAE sold its 25% share of Astrium for £84 million, however due to the lossmaking status of the company, BAE Systems invested an equal amount for "restructuring".<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> BAE Systems sold its 54% majority share of <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Systems Canada">BAE Systems Canada</a>, an electronics company, in April for CA$310 (approx. £197 million as of December 2010).<a href="#cite_note-acquisitondisposal-42">[42]</a> In November 2001, the company announced the closure of the Avro Regional Jet (<a href="/wiki/BAe_146" class="mw-redirect" title="BAe 146">Avro RJ</a>) production line at <a href="/wiki/Woodford,_Cheshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Woodford, Cheshire">Woodford</a> and the cancellation of the Avro RJX, an advanced series of the aircraft family, as the business was "no longer viable".<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> The final Avro RJ to be completed became the last British civil airliner. In November 2001 BAE sold its 49.9% share of <a href="/wiki/Thomson_Marconi_Sonar" title="Thomson Marconi Sonar">Thomson Marconi Sonar</a> to Thales for £85 million.<a href="#cite_note-acquisitondisposal-42">[42]</a> A further step of European defence consolidation was the merger of BAE's share of <a href="/wiki/Matra_BAe_Dynamics" title="Matra BAe Dynamics">Matra BAe Dynamics</a> and the missile division of Alenia Marconi Systems (AMS) into <a href="/wiki/MBDA" title="MBDA">MBDA</a> in December. MBDA thus became the world's second largest missile manufacturer.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> Although EADS (now <a href="/wiki/Airbus_SE" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbus SE">Airbus SE</a>) was later reported to be interested in acquiring full control of MBDA, BAE said that, unlike Airbus, MBDA is a "core business".<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Astute2cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Astute2cropped.jpg/220px-Astute2cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Astute2cropped.jpg/330px-Astute2cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Astute2cropped.jpg/440px-Astute2cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1164" data-file-height="1218" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Astute-class_submarine" title="Astute-class submarine">Astute-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> project caused BAE to issue a profit warning in 2002 and invest £250 million to overcome its difficulties.</figcaption></figure> In June 2002, BAE Systems confirmed it was in takeover discussions with <a href="/wiki/TRW_Inc." title="TRW Inc.">TRW</a>, an American aerospace, automotive and defence business. This was prompted by <a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a>'s £4.1 billion (approx. US$6 billion c. 2002) hostile bid for TRW in February 2002. A bidding war between BAE Systems, Northrop and <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics" title="General Dynamics">General Dynamics</a> ended on 1 June when Northrop's increased bid of £5.1 billion was accepted. On 11 December 2002, BAE Systems issued a shock profit warning due to cost overruns of the <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Nimrod_MRA4" title="BAE Systems Nimrod MRA4">Nimrod MRA4</a> maritime reconnaissance/attack aircraft and the <a href="/wiki/Astute-class_submarine" title="Astute-class submarine">Astute-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a> projects.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> On 19 February 2003 BAE took a charge of £750 million against these projects and the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> (MoD) agreed to pay a further £700 million of the cost.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In 2000 the company had taken a £300 million "loss charge" on the Nimrod contract which was expected to cover "all the costs of completion of the current contract".<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> The troubled Nimrod project would ultimately be cancelled as part of the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defence_and_Security_Review_2010" title="Strategic Defence and Security Review 2010">2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review</a> (SDSR).<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The UK government, following a cabinet row described as "one of the most bitter Cabinet disputes over defence contracts since the <a href="/wiki/Westland_affair" title="Westland affair">Westland helicopter affair</a> in 1985", ordered 20 <a href="/wiki/BAE_Hawk" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Hawk">BAE Hawk</a> trainer aircraft with 24 options in July 2003 in a deal worth £800 million.<a href="#cite_note-hawk03-51">[51]</a> The deal was significant because it was a factor in India's decision to finalise a £1 billion order for 66 Hawks in March 2004.<a href="#cite_note-hawk03-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Also in July 2003 BAE Systems and <a href="/wiki/Finmeccanica" class="mw-redirect" title="Finmeccanica">Finmeccanica</a> announced their intention to set up three joint venture companies, to be collectively known as <a href="/wiki/Eurosystems" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurosystems">Eurosystems</a>. These companies would have pooled the avionics, <a href="/wiki/C4ISTAR" class="mw-redirect" title="C4ISTAR">C4ISTAR</a> and communications businesses of the two companies.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> However the difficulties of integrating the companies in this way led to a re-evaluation of the proposal; BAE Systems' 2004 Annual Report states that "recognising the complexity of the earlier proposed Eurosystems transaction with Finmeccanica we have moved to a simpler model". The main part of this deal was the dissolution of AMS and the establishment of <a href="/wiki/SELEX_Sensors_and_Airborne_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems">SELEX Sensors and Airborne Systems</a>; BAE Systems sold its 25% share of the latter to Finmeccanica for €400 million (approx. £270 million c. 2007) in March 2007.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In May 2004, it was reported that the company was considering selling its shipbuilding divisions, <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Naval_Ships" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Systems Naval Ships">BAE Systems Naval Ships</a> and <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Submarines" title="BAE Systems Submarines">BAE Systems Submarines</a>. It was understood that General Dynamics wished to acquire the submarine building facilities at <a href="/wiki/Barrow-in-Furness" title="Barrow-in-Furness">Barrow-in-Furness</a>, while <a href="/wiki/VT_Group" title="VT Group">VT Group</a> was said to be interested in the remaining yards on the <a href="/wiki/River_Clyde" title="River Clyde">Clyde</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mergerships-55">[55]</a> Instead, in 2008 BAE Systems merged its Surface Fleet arm with the shipbuilding operations of VT Group to form <a href="/wiki/BVT_Surface_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="BVT Surface Fleet">BVT Surface Fleet</a>, an aim central to the British Government's <a href="/wiki/Defence_Industrial_Strategy" title="Defence Industrial Strategy">Defence Industrial Strategy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1BFV01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1BFV01.jpg/220px-1BFV01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1BFV01.jpg/330px-1BFV01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1BFV01.jpg/440px-1BFV01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="649" /></a><figcaption>BAE's £2.5 billion purchase of United Defense in 2005 added the <a href="/wiki/M2_Bradley" title="M2 Bradley">M2/M3 Bradley</a> family of armoured vehicles to its product line.</figcaption></figure> On 4 June 2004, BAE Systems outbid General Dynamics for <a href="/wiki/Alvis_Vickers" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvis Vickers">Alvis Vickers</a>, the UK's main manufacturer of armoured vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Alvis Vickers was merged with the company's <a href="/wiki/RO_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="RO Defence">RO Defence</a> unit to form BAE Systems Land Systems. Recognising the lack of scale of this business compared to General Dynamics, BAE Systems executives soon identified the US defence company <a href="/wiki/United_Defense" title="United Defense">United Defense Industries</a> (UDI), a major competitor to General Dynamics, as a main acquisition target.<a href="#cite_note-baelandshift-39">[39]</a> On 7 March 2005 BAE announced the £2.25 billion (approx. US$4.2 billion c. 2005) acquisition of UDI.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> UDI, now <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Land_and_Armaments" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Systems Land and Armaments">BAE Systems Land and Armaments</a>, manufactures combat vehicles, artillery systems, naval guns, missile launchers and precision guided munitions.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> In December 2005, BAE Systems announced the sale of its German naval systems subsidiary, Atlas Elektronik, to <a href="/wiki/ThyssenKrupp" title="ThyssenKrupp">ThyssenKrupp</a> and EADS. The Financial Times described the sale as "cut price" because French company Thales bid €300 million, but was blocked from purchasing Atlas by the German government on national security grounds.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> On 31 January 2006 the company announced the sale of BAE Systems Aerostructures to <a href="/wiki/Spirit_AeroSystems,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Spirit AeroSystems, Inc.">Spirit AeroSystems, Inc.</a>,<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> having said as early as 2002 that it wished to dispose of what it did not regard as a "core business".<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> On 18 August 2006 Saudi Arabia signed a contract worth £6 billion to £10 billion for 72 Eurofighter Typhoons, to be delivered by BAE Systems.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> On 10 September 2006 the company was awarded a £2.5 billion contract for the upgrade of 80 <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Air_Force" title="Royal Saudi Air Force">Royal Saudi Air Force</a> Tornado IDSs.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> One of BAE Systems' major aims, as highlighted in the 2005 Annual Report, was the granting of increased technology transfer between the UK and the US. The F-35 (JSF) programme became the focus of this effort, with British government ministers such as <a href="/wiki/Paul_Drayson,_Baron_Drayson" title="Paul Drayson, Baron Drayson">Lord Drayson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Defence_Procurement_Agency" title="Defence Procurement Agency">Minister for Defence Procurement</a>, suggesting the UK would withdraw from the project without the transfer of technology that would allow the UK to operate and maintain F-35s independently. On 12 December 2006, Lord Drayson signed an agreement which allows "an unbroken British chain of command" for operation of the aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> On 22 December 2006 BAE received a £947 million contract to provide guaranteed availability of <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> (RAF) Tornados.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> In May 2007 the company announced its subsidiary BAE Systems Inc. was to purchase <a href="/wiki/Armor_Holdings" title="Armor Holdings">Armor Holdings</a> for £2.3 billion (approx. US$4.5 billion c. 2007) and completed the deal on 31 July 2007.<a href="#cite_note-Armor-68">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The company was a manufacturer of tactical wheeled vehicles and a provider of vehicle and individual armour systems and survivability technologies.<a href="#cite_note-Armor-68">[68]</a> BAE Systems (and British Aerospace previously) was a technology partner to the <a href="/wiki/McLaren" title="McLaren">McLaren</a> Formula One team from 1996 to December 2007.<a href="#cite_note-mclarenpr-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> The partnership originally focused on McLaren's F1 car's aerodynamics, eventually moving on to carbon fibre techniques, wireless systems and fuel management. BAE Systems' main interest in the partnership was to learn about the high speed build and operations processes of McLaren.<a href="#cite_note-mclarenpr-70">[70]</a> The company announced the acquisition of <a href="/wiki/Tenix_Defence" title="Tenix Defence">Tenix Defence</a>, a major Australian defence contractor in January 2008. The purchase was completed on 27 June for A$775 million (£373 million) making <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Australia" title="BAE Systems Australia">BAE Systems Australia</a> that country's largest defence contractor.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> The MoD awarded BAE Systems a 15-year munitions contract in August 2008 worth up to £3 billion, known as Munition Acquisition Supply Solution (MASS). The contract guaranteed supply of 80% of the UK Armed Forces' ammunition and required BAE to modernise its munitions manufacturing facilities.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> BAE Systems expanded its intelligence and security business with the £531 million purchase of <a href="/wiki/Detica" class="mw-redirect" title="Detica">Detica Group</a> in July 2008.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> It continued this strategy with purchases of Danish cyber and intelligence company ETI for approximately $210 million in December 2010, and <a href="/wiki/Norkom" title="Norkom">Norkom Group PLC</a> the following month for €217 million. The latter provides counter fraud and anti-money laundering solutions to the global financial services industry where its software assists institutions to comply with regulations on financial intelligence and monitoring.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Airbus_shareholding">Airbus shareholding</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Airbus shareholding">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a></div> BAE Systems inherited British Aerospace's share of Airbus Industrie, which consisted of two factories at <a href="/wiki/Broughton,_Flintshire" title="Broughton, Flintshire">Broughton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Filton" title="Filton">Filton</a>. These facilities manufactured wings for the Airbus family of aircraft. In 2001 Airbus was incorporated as Airbus SAS, a <a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_par_actions_simplifi%C3%A9e" title="Société par actions simplifiée">joint stock company</a>. In return for a 20% share in the new company BAE Systems transferred ownership of its Airbus plants (known as <a href="/wiki/Airbus_UK" title="Airbus UK">Airbus UK</a>) to the new company.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Despite repeated suggestions as early as 2000 that BAE Systems wished to sell its 20% share of Airbus, the possibility was denied by the company.<a href="#cite_note-scotsman2000-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> However, on 6 April 2006 it was reported that it was indeed to sell its stake, then "conservatively valued" at £2.4 billion.<a href="#cite_note-BBC_Airbus-79">[79]</a> Due to the slow pace of informal negotiations, BAE Systems exercised its <a href="/wiki/Put_option" title="Put option">put option</a> which saw investment bank <a href="/wiki/N_M_Rothschild_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="N M Rothschild & Sons">Rothschild</a> appointed to give an independent valuation. Six days after this process began, Airbus announced delays to the <a href="/wiki/Airbus_A380" title="Airbus A380">A380</a> with significant effects on the value of Airbus shares. On 2 June 2006 Rothschild valued the company's share at £1.87 billion, well below its own analysts' and even EADS's expectations.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> The BAE Systems board recommended that the company proceed with the sale. Shareholders voted in favour and the sale was completed on 13 October.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> This saw the end of UK-owned involvement in civil airliner production. Airbus Operations Ltd (the former Airbus UK) continued to be the Airbus "Centre of Excellence" for wing production, employing over 9,500 in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010s">2010s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2010s">edit</a>]</div> In February 2010 BAE Systems announced a £592 million <a href="/wiki/Writedown" class="mw-redirect" title="Writedown">writedown</a> of the former Armor Holdings business following the loss of the <a href="/wiki/Family_of_Medium_Tactical_Vehicles" title="Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles">Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles</a> contract in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> It was outbid by <a href="/wiki/Oshkosh_Corporation" title="Oshkosh Corporation">Oshkosh Corporation</a> for the £2.3 billion ($3.7 billion) contract.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> Land and Armaments had been the "star performer" of BAE Systems' subsidiaries, growing from sales of £482 million in 2004 to £6.7 billion in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-prelim09-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-findata-87">[87]</a> BAE Systems inherited British Aerospace's 35% share of <a href="/wiki/Saab_AB" title="Saab AB">Saab AB</a>, with which it produced and marketed the <a href="/wiki/JAS_39_Gripen" class="mw-redirect" title="JAS 39 Gripen">Gripen</a> fighter aircraft. In 2005 it reduced this share to 20.5% and in March 2010 announced its intention to sell the remainder. The Times stated that the decision brought "to an end its controversial relationship with the Gripen fighter aircraft".<a href="#cite_note-saabsale-88">[88]</a> Several of the export campaigns for the aircraft were subject to allegations of bribery and corruption.<a href="#cite_note-saabsale-88">[88]</a> The company continued its move into support services in May 2010 with the purchase of the marine support company <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Marine" title="Atlantic Marine">Atlantic Marine</a> for $352 million.<a href="#cite_note-us2010-89">[89]</a> In September 2010 BAE Systems announced plans to sell the <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Platform_Solutions" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Systems Platform Solutions">Platform Solutions</a> division of BAE Systems Inc., which the Financial Times estimated could yield as much as £1.3 billion. Despite "considerable expressions of interest", the sale was abandoned in January 2011.<a href="#cite_note-us2010-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-platformdisposal-90">[90]</a> The purchases of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth-class_aircraft_carrier" title="Queen Elizabeth-class aircraft carrier">Queen Elizabeth-class</a> <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a>, the Astute-class submarines, and the <a href="/wiki/Type_26_frigate" title="Type 26 frigate">Type 26 frigates</a> were all confirmed in the 2010 SDSR.<a href="#cite_note-sdsr-91">[91]</a> A new generation of nuclear missile submarines, the <a href="/wiki/Dreadnought-class_submarine" title="Dreadnought-class submarine">Dreadnought-class</a>, was ordered in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-parliament-20180910-92">[92]</a> BAE Systems sold the regional aircraft leasing and asset management arm of its <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Regional_Aircraft" title="BAE Systems Regional Aircraft">Regional Aircraft</a> business in May 2011. This unit leases the <a href="/wiki/BAe_146" class="mw-redirect" title="BAe 146">BAe 146</a>/Avro RJ family, <a href="/wiki/BAe_ATP" class="mw-redirect" title="BAe ATP">BAe ATP</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_Jetstream" title="British Aerospace Jetstream">Jetstream</a> and <a href="/wiki/BAe_748" class="mw-redirect" title="BAe 748">BAe 748</a>. The company retained the support and engineering activities of the business.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In September 2011, BAE Systems began consultation with unions and workers over plans to cut nearly 3,000 jobs, mostly in the company's military aircraft division.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In its 2012 half-year report, the company revealed a 10% decline in revenue in the six months up to 30 June due to falling demand for armaments.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> In May 2012 the governments of the UK and Saudi Arabia reached an agreement on an arms package which saw a £1.6 billion contract awarded to BAE for the delivery of 55 Pilatus PC-21 and 22 BAE Systems Hawk aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> The Sultanate of Oman ordered Typhoon and Hawk aircraft worth £2.5 billion in December 2012.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> In September 2012, it was reported that BAE Systems and <a href="/wiki/EADS" class="mw-redirect" title="EADS">EADS</a> had entered merger talks which would have seen BAE shareholders own 40% of the resulting organisation.<a href="#cite_note-BBC092012--98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg092012-99">[99]</a> On 10 October 2012, the companies said the merger talks had been called off.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The Guardian reported that this was due to the German Government's concern about the "potential size of the French shareholding in the combined company, as well as disagreements over the location of the group's headquarters".<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> In November 2013, BAE Systems announced that shipbuilding would cease in Portsmouth in 2014 with the loss of 940 jobs, and a further 835 jobs would be lost at Filton, near Bristol, and at the shipyards in Govan, Rosyth, and Scotstoun in Scotland.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> On 9 October 2014, the company announced the loss of 440 management jobs across the country, with 286 of the job cuts in Lancashire.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> In July 2014 it announced the acquisition of US intelligence company Signal Innovations Group Inc. to augment imagery and data analysis technologies in its Intelligence & Security business.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> In August 2014, BAE was awarded a £248 million contract from the <a href="/wiki/British_government" class="mw-redirect" title="British government">British government</a> to build three new <a href="/wiki/Offshore_patrol_vessel" class="mw-redirect" title="Offshore patrol vessel">offshore patrol vessels</a>.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> In October 2014, BAE Systems won a £600 million contract from the MoD to maintain <a href="/wiki/HMNB_Portsmouth" title="HMNB Portsmouth">Portsmouth naval base</a> for five years.<a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a> During 2014 BAE Systems acquired US-based cybersecurity firm Silversky for $232.5 million.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> During Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Theresa_May" title="Theresa May">Theresa May</a>'s visit to Turkey in January 2017, BAE and <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Aerospace_Industries" title="Turkish Aerospace Industries">TAI</a> officials signed an agreement, worth about £100 million, for BAE to provide assistance in developing the <a href="/wiki/TAI_TF_Kaan" title="TAI TF Kaan">TAI TF Kaan</a> aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-reuters-109">[109]</a> On 10 October 2017, BAE announced that it would lay off nearly 2,000 out of its approximately 35,000 employees in Britain, mainly due to an order shortage for the Typhoon fighter.<a href="#cite_note-veconomist-6">[6]</a> In 2018, the company agreed a £5 billion with the government of Qatar for 24 Typhoon Eurofighters.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> In 2019 BAE Systems sold a 55% share of its UK land business to <a href="/wiki/Rheinmetall" title="Rheinmetall">Rheinmetall</a>. The resultant joint venture (JV), Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land (RBSL), was established in July 2019 following regulatory approval and is headquartered at the existing facility in Telford, Shropshire.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020s">2020s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 2020s">edit</a>]</div> In August 2020 BAE Systems completed the purchase of <a href="/wiki/United_Technologies" title="United Technologies">United Technologies</a>' military GPS businesses for $1.9 billion and <a href="/wiki/Raytheon_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Raytheon Company">Raytheon</a>'s military airborne radios business for $275 million. The sale of these two business was a condition of the merger approval that saw their two parent companies merge to form <a href="/wiki/Raytheon_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Raytheon Technologies">Raytheon Technologies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> In November 2020, the MoD announced the award of a 20-year, £2.4 billion munitions contract to BAE. This will see BAE manufacture 39 different munitions for the UK armed forces and supersedes the 2008 MASS contract.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> In July 2023, BAE received a related £280 million order to address a munitions shortage caused by the supply of ammunition to Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In 2022, during the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, major arms manufacturers, including BAE Systems,<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> reported a sharp increase in interim sales and profits.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> In August 2023 BAE agreed to acquire the <a href="/wiki/Ball_Aerospace_%26_Technologies" title="Ball Aerospace & Technologies">aerospace division</a> of US-based <a href="/wiki/Ball_Corporation" title="Ball Corporation">Ball Corporation</a> for $5.6 billion in cash (approximately £4.5 billion); this was BAE's largest acquisition up until that point and was completed on 16 February 2024.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> In October 2023, BAE was awarded a £3.95 billion contract for development work on <a href="/wiki/SSN-AUKUS" title="SSN-AUKUS">Aukus-class submarines</a> up to 2028.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Products">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Royal_Navy_Type_45_Destroyer_HMS_Daring_MOD_45153705.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Royal_Navy_Type_45_Destroyer_HMS_Daring_MOD_45153705.jpg/220px-Royal_Navy_Type_45_Destroyer_HMS_Daring_MOD_45153705.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Royal_Navy_Type_45_Destroyer_HMS_Daring_MOD_45153705.jpg/330px-Royal_Navy_Type_45_Destroyer_HMS_Daring_MOD_45153705.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Royal_Navy_Type_45_Destroyer_HMS_Daring_MOD_45153705.jpg/440px-Royal_Navy_Type_45_Destroyer_HMS_Daring_MOD_45153705.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2473" data-file-height="1979" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Maritime_%E2%80%93_Naval_Ships" title="BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships">BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships</a> built the <a href="/wiki/Type_45_destroyer" title="Type 45 destroyer">Type 45 destroyer</a>. Other subsidiaries of BAE supplied the <a href="/wiki/4.5-inch_Mark_8_naval_gun" title="4.5-inch Mark 8 naval gun">naval gun</a> and <a href="/wiki/SAMPSON" title="SAMPSON">SAMPSON</a> and <a href="/wiki/S1850M" title="S1850M">S1850M</a> radars for the class.</figcaption></figure> BAE Systems plays a significant role in the production of military equipment. In 2017, 98% of BAE Systems' total sales were military related.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> It plays important roles in military aircraft production. The company's Typhoon fighter is one of the main front line aircraft of the RAF.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> The company is a major partner in the F-35 Lightning II programme.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Its Hawk advanced jet trainer aircraft has been widely exported.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> In July 2006, the British government declassified the <a href="/wiki/BAE_HERTI" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE HERTI">HERTI</a> (High Endurance Rapid Technology Insertion), an <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_Aerial_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Unmanned Aerial Vehicle">Unmanned Aerial Vehicle</a> (UAV) which can navigate autonomously.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> It is currently developing a <a href="/wiki/Sixth-generation_jet_fighter" class="mw-redirect" title="Sixth-generation jet fighter">sixth-generation jet fighter</a> aircraft for the RAF marketed as the "<a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Tempest" title="BAE Systems Tempest">Tempest</a>" along with the MoD, <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Holdings" title="Rolls-Royce Holdings">Rolls-Royce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(company)" title="Leonardo (company)">Leonardo</a> and MBDA. It is intended to enter service from 2035 replacing the Typhoon aircraft in service with the RAF.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Land_and_Armaments" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Systems Land and Armaments">BAE Systems Land and Armaments</a> manufactures the <a href="/wiki/M2_Bradley" title="M2 Bradley">M2/M3 Bradley</a> fighting vehicle family, the US Navy <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Gun_System" title="Advanced Gun System">Advanced Gun System</a> (AGS), <a href="/wiki/M113_armoured_personnel_carrier" class="mw-redirect" title="M113 armoured personnel carrier">M113</a> armoured personnel carrier (APC), <a href="/wiki/M109_howitzer" title="M109 howitzer">M109 Paladin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archer_Artillery_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Archer Artillery System">Archer</a>, <a href="/wiki/M777_howitzer" title="M777 howitzer">M777 howitzer</a>, the British Army's <a href="/wiki/Challenger_2_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Challenger 2 tank">Challenger 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warrior_Tracked_Armoured_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Warrior Tracked Armoured Vehicle">Warrior Tracked Armoured Vehicle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panther_Command_and_Liaison_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Panther Command and Liaison Vehicle">Panther Command and Liaison Vehicle</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/SA80" title="SA80">SA80 assault rifle</a>.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> Major naval projects include the Astute-class submarines, Type 26 frigates and Dreadnought-class submarines.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> BAE Systems is indirectly engaged in production of <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuclear weapons">nuclear weapons</a> – through its share of MBDA it is involved with the production and support of the <a href="/wiki/Air-Sol_Moyenne_Port%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Air-Sol Moyenne Portée">ASMP</a> missile, an air-launched nuclear missile which forms part of the <a href="/wiki/Force_de_frappe" class="mw-redirect" title="Force de frappe">French nuclear deterrent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> The company is also the UK's only <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_submarine" title="Nuclear submarine">nuclear submarine</a> manufacturer and thus produces a key element of the United Kingdom's nuclear weapons capability.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> BAE has operated the <a href="/wiki/Holston_Army_Ammunition_Plant" title="Holston Army Ammunition Plant">Holston Army Ammunition Plant</a> in Tennessee, since 1999, and the <a href="/wiki/Radford_Army_Ammunition_Plant" title="Radford Army Ammunition Plant">Radford Army Ammunition Plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Radford,_Virginia" title="Radford, Virginia">Radford</a>, Virginia since 2012.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Areas_of_business">Areas of business</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Areas of business">edit</a>]</div> BAE Systems' biggest markets are the US 44%, UK 20%, Saudi Arabia 11% and Australia 4%, as of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-2022_Annl_Report-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: United Kingdom">edit</a>]</div> BAE Systems is the main supplier to the UK <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">MoD</a>; in 2009/2010 BAE Systems companies in the list of Top 100 suppliers to the MoD received contracts totalling £3.98 billion, with total revenue being higher when other subsidiary income is included.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> In comparison, the second largest supplier is <a href="/wiki/Babcock_International_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Babcock International Group">Babcock International Group</a> and its subsidiaries, with a revenue of £1.1 billion from the MoD. Oxford Economic Forecasting states that in 2002 the company's UK businesses employed 111,578 people, achieved export sales of £3 billion and paid £2.6 billion in taxes. These figures exclude the contribution of Airbus UK.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> After its creation, BAE Systems had a difficult relationship with the MoD. This was attributed to deficient project management by the company, but also in part to the deficiencies in the terms of "fixed price contracts". CEO <a href="/wiki/Michael_Turner_(businessman)" title="Michael Turner (businessman)">Mike Turner</a> said in 2006 "We had entered into contracts under the old competition rules that frankly we shouldn't have taken".<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> These competition rules were introduced by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Levene,_Baron_Levene_of_Portsoken" title="Peter Levene, Baron Levene of Portsoken">Lord Levene</a> during the 1980s to shift the burden of risk to the contractor and were in contrast to "cost plus contracts" where a contractor was paid for the value of its product plus an agreed profit.<a href="#cite_note-basic-136">[136]</a> BAE Systems was operating in "the only truly open defence market",<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> which meant it was competing with US and European companies for British defence projects, while they were protected in their home markets. The US defence market is competitive, however largely between American firms, while foreign companies are excluded. In December 2005 the MoD published the Defence Industrial Strategy (DIS) which has been widely acknowledged to recognise BAE Systems as the UK's "national champion".<a href="#cite_note-econdis-138">[138]</a> The government claimed the DIS would "promote a sustainable industrial base, that retains in the UK those industrial capabilities needed to ensure national security."<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> After the publication of the DIS BAE Systems CEO Mike Turner said "If we didn't have the DIS and our profitability and the terms of trade had stayed as they were... then there had to be a question mark about our future in the UK".<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> Lord Levene said in the balance between value for money or maintaining a viable industrial base the DIS "tries as well as it can to steer a middle course and to achieve as much as it can in both directions. ...We will never have a perfect solution."<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Inc." title="BAE Systems Inc.">BAE Systems Inc.</a></div> The attraction of MES to British Aerospace was largely its ownership of Tracor, a major American defence contractor.<a href="#cite_note-integrated-142">[142]</a> BAE Systems Inc. now sells more to the US Department of Defense (DOD) than to the UK MoD.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> The company has been allowed to buy important defence contractors in the US, however its status as a UK company requires that its US subsidiaries are governed by American executives under <a href="/wiki/Special_Security_Arrangement" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Security Arrangement">Special Security Arrangements</a>. The company faces fewer impediments in this sense than its European counterparts, as there is a high <a href="/wiki/Special_Relationship_(US-UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Relationship (US-UK)">degree of integration</a> between the US and UK defence establishments. BAE Systems' purchase of <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Aerospace_Electronic_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed Martin Aerospace Electronic Systems">Lockheed Martin Aerospace Electronic Systems</a> in November 2000 was described by <a href="/wiki/John_Hamre" title="John Hamre">John Hamre</a>, CEO of the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies" title="Center for Strategic and International Studies">Center for Strategic and International Studies</a> and former <a href="/wiki/United_States_Deputy_Secretary_of_Defense" title="United States Deputy Secretary of Defense">Deputy Secretary of Defense</a>, as "precedent setting" given the advanced and classified nature of many of that company's products.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> The possibility of a merger between BAE Systems Inc. and major North American defence contractors has long been reported, including <a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics" title="General Dynamics">General Dynamics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin" title="Lockheed Martin">Lockheed Martin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Raytheon" title="Raytheon">Raytheon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-mergerships-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rest_of_the_world">Rest of the world</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Rest of the world">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Australia" title="BAE Systems Australia">BAE Systems Australia</a> is one of the largest defence contractors in Australia, having more than doubled in size with the acquisition of Tenix Defence in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Al-Yamamah_arms_deal" title="Al-Yamamah arms deal">Al Yamamah agreements</a> between the UK and <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> require "the provision of a complete defence package for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"; BAE Systems employs 5,300 people in the country.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> As of March 2022, BAE Systems employs over 7,000 people in Saudi Arabia and 75 per cent of the employees are Saudi nationals.<a href="#cite_note-:0-149">[149]</a> BAE Systems' interests in Sweden are a result of the purchases of <a href="/wiki/Alvis_plc" title="Alvis plc">Alvis Vickers</a> and UDI, which owned Hägglunds and <a href="/wiki/Bofors" title="Bofors">Bofors</a> respectively; the companies are now part of <a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_AB" title="BAE Systems AB">BAE Systems AB</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> On 6 April 2022, BAE Systems announced the establishment of BAE Systems Japan, a subsidiary located in Akasaka, Tokyo, Japan. The new company will provide comprehensive cooperation with Japanese industry and aims to strengthen relations with the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Japan)" title="Ministry of Defense (Japan)">Japanese Ministry of Defense</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Japan Self-Defense Forces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> In late August 2023, BAE Systems announced that it had opened an office in <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, and had signed an agreement for cooperation on the repair, spare parts, and production of <a href="/wiki/L118_light_gun" title="L118 light gun">L119 howitzers</a> within Ukraine.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> On 4 January 2024, BAE Systems announced an initial agreement, potentially worth up to $50 million, to resume production of titanium structures for the <a href="/wiki/M777_howitzer" title="M777 howitzer">M777 howitzer</a> for the U.S. Army, with the first deliveries expected in 2025.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Shareholders">Shareholders</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Shareholders">edit</a>]</div> BAE Systems' 2022 Annual Report listed the following as "significant" shareholders: <a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a> 3.98%, <a href="/wiki/BlackRock" title="BlackRock">BlackRock</a> 9.90%, <a href="/wiki/Capital_Group_Companies" title="Capital Group Companies">Capital Group Companies</a> 14.18%, <a href="/wiki/Invesco" title="Invesco">Invesco</a> 4.97% and <a href="/wiki/Silchester_International_Investors" title="Silchester International Investors">Silchester International Investors</a> 3.01%.<a href="#cite_note-2022_Annl_Report-2">[2]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Organisation">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FarnboroughAerospaceCentre_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/FarnboroughAerospaceCentre_panorama.jpg/220px-FarnboroughAerospaceCentre_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/FarnboroughAerospaceCentre_panorama.jpg/330px-FarnboroughAerospaceCentre_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/FarnboroughAerospaceCentre_panorama.jpg/440px-FarnboroughAerospaceCentre_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>BAE Systems has offices in the Farnborough Aerospace Centre business park. Senior managers are based at the <a href="/wiki/Registered_office" title="Registered office">registered office</a> in <a href="/wiki/1_Carlton_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Carlton Gardens">Carlton Gardens</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:6_Carlton_Gardens,_London,_SW1Y_5AD,_United_Kingdom.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/6_Carlton_Gardens%2C_London%2C_SW1Y_5AD%2C_United_Kingdom.JPG/220px-6_Carlton_Gardens%2C_London%2C_SW1Y_5AD%2C_United_Kingdom.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/6_Carlton_Gardens%2C_London%2C_SW1Y_5AD%2C_United_Kingdom.JPG/330px-6_Carlton_Gardens%2C_London%2C_SW1Y_5AD%2C_United_Kingdom.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/6_Carlton_Gardens%2C_London%2C_SW1Y_5AD%2C_United_Kingdom.JPG/440px-6_Carlton_Gardens%2C_London%2C_SW1Y_5AD%2C_United_Kingdom.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>6 Carlton Gardens, London</figcaption></figure> BAE Systems has its head office and its <a href="/wiki/Registered_office" title="Registered office">registered office</a> in <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a>, London.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> In addition to its central London offices, it has an office in <a href="/wiki/Farnborough,_Hampshire" title="Farnborough, Hampshire">Farnborough</a>, Hampshire, that houses functional specialists and support functions.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_governance">Corporate governance</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Corporate governance">edit</a>]</div> BAE Systems' Chair is <a href="/wiki/Cressida_Hogg" title="Cressida Hogg">Cressida Hogg</a>, CBE. The executive directors are <a href="/wiki/Charles_Woodburn" title="Charles Woodburn">Charles Woodburn</a> (CEO), Brad Greve and Tom Arsenault. The non-executive directors are Crystal E. Ashby, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Corley" title="Elizabeth Corley">Elizabeth Corley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Grigg" title="Chris Grigg">Chris Grigg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ewan_Kirk" title="Ewan Kirk">Ewan Kirk</a>, Ian Tyler, Nicole Piasecki, Stephen Pearce, Jane Griffiths and Nick Anderson.<a href="#cite_note-:1-157">[157]</a> The company's first CEO, John Weston, was forced to resign in 2002 in a boardroom "coup" and was replaced by Mike Turner.<a href="#cite_note-:2-158">[158]</a> The Business reported that Weston was ousted when non-executive directors informed the chairman that they had lost confidence in him. Further, it was suggested that at least one non-executive director was encouraged to make such a move by the MoD due to the increasingly fractious relationship between BAE Systems and the government.<a href="#cite_note-Business-159">[159]</a> As well as the terms of the Nimrod contract, Weston had fought against the MOD's insistence that one of the first three Type 45 destroyers should be built by VT Group. The Business said he considered this "competition-policy gone mad".<a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a> It is understood that Turner had a poor working relationship with senior MoD officials, for example with former Defence Secretary <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Hoon" title="Geoff Hoon">Geoff Hoon</a>. The first meeting between Hoon and BAE's new chairman Dick Olver in 2004 was said to have gone well; a MoD official commented "He is a man we can do business with".<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> It has been suggested that relations between Turner and Olver were tense.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> On 16 October 2007 the company announced that Mike Turner would retire in August 2008. The Times called his departure plans "abrupt" and a "shock", given previous statements that he wished to retire in 2013 at the age of 65.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> Despite suggestions that BAE Systems would prefer an American CEO due to the increasing importance of the United States defence market to the company and the opportunity to make a clean break from corruption allegations and investigations related to the Al-Yamamah contracts, the company announced on 27 June 2008, that it had selected the company's chief operating officer, <a href="/wiki/Ian_King_(businessman)" title="Ian King (businessman)">Ian King</a>, to succeed Turner with effect from 1 September 2008. The Financial Times noted that King's career at Marconi distances him from the British Aerospace-led Al Yamamah project.<a href="#cite_note-ftbaesearch-164">[164]</a> Charles Woodburn succeeded Ian King as CEO on 1 July 2017. Woodburn joined BAE Systems in May 2016 as Chief Operating Officer and Executive Board Director following over 20 years' international experience in senior management positions in the oil and gas industry.<a href="#cite_note-Ian_King,_Chief_Executive,_BAE_Systems_plc,_has_today_informed_the_Board_that_he_will_retire_on_30_June_2017.-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senior_leadership">Senior leadership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Senior leadership">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Chair: <a href="/wiki/Cressida_Hogg" title="Cressida Hogg">Cressida Hogg</a> (since 2023)<a href="#cite_note-:1-157">[157]</a></li> <li>Chief Executive: <a href="/wiki/Charles_Woodburn" title="Charles Woodburn">Charles Woodburn</a> (since 2017)<a href="#cite_note-:1-157">[157]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>List of former chairmen</dt></dl> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Evans_(businessman)" title="Richard Evans (businessman)">Sir Richard Evans</a> (1999–2004)<a href="#cite_note-ftBAeDASA-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Olver" title="Dick Olver">Sir Dick Olver</a> (2004–2014)<a href="#cite_note-baelandshift-39">[39]</a></li> <li>Sir <a href="/wiki/Roger_Carr_(businessman)" title="Roger Carr (businessman)">Roger Carr</a> (2014-2023) <a href="#cite_note-:1-157">[157]</a></li></ol> <dl><dt>List of former chief executives</dt></dl> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/John_Weston_(businessman)" title="John Weston (businessman)">John Weston</a> (1999–2002)<a href="#cite_note-:2-158">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Turner_(businessman)" title="Michael Turner (businessman)">Michael Turner</a> (2002–2008)<a href="#cite_note-:2-158">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_King_(businessman)" title="Ian King (businessman)">Ian King</a> (2008–2017)<a href="#cite_note-Ian_King,_Chief_Executive,_BAE_Systems_plc,_has_today_informed_the_Board_that_he_will_retire_on_30_June_2017.-165">[165]</a></li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financial_information">Financial information</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Financial information">edit</a>]</div> Financial information for the company is as follows:<a href="#cite_note-2022_Annl_Report-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-prelim09-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-findata-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-prelim-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; margin:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year ended </th> <th>Turnover (£ million) </th> <th>Profit/(loss) before tax (£m) </th> <th>Net profit/(loss) (£m) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Earnings_per_share" title="Earnings per share">EPS</a> (p) </th></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2023 </td> <td>23,078 </td> <td>2,326 </td> <td>1,940 </td> <td>61.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2022 </td> <td>21,258 </td> <td>1,989 </td> <td>1,674 </td> <td>51.1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2021 </td> <td>19,521 </td> <td>2,110 </td> <td>1,912 </td> <td>55.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2020 </td> <td>19,277 </td> <td>1,596 </td> <td>1,371 </td> <td>40.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2019 </td> <td>18,305 </td> <td>1,626 </td> <td>1,532 </td> <td>46.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2018 </td> <td>16,821 </td> <td>1,224 </td> <td>1,033 </td> <td>31.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2017 </td> <td>18,322 </td> <td>1,134 </td> <td>884 </td> <td>26.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2016 </td> <td>17,790 </td> <td>1,151 </td> <td>938 </td> <td>28.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2015 </td> <td>17,904 </td> <td>1,090 </td> <td>943 </td> <td>29.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2014 </td> <td>16,637 </td> <td>882 </td> <td>752 </td> <td>23.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2013 </td> <td>18,180 </td> <td>422 </td> <td>176 </td> <td>5.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2012 </td> <td>17,834 </td> <td>1,369 </td> <td>1,079 </td> <td>33.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2011 </td> <td>19,154 </td> <td>1,466 </td> <td>1,256 </td> <td>36.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2010 </td> <td>22,392 </td> <td>1,444 </td> <td>1,081 </td> <td>30.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2009 </td> <td>22,415 </td> <td>282 </td> <td>(45) </td> <td>(1.9) </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2008 </td> <td>18,543 </td> <td>2,371 </td> <td>1,768 </td> <td>49.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2007 </td> <td>15,710 </td> <td>1,477 </td> <td>1,177 </td> <td>26.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2006 </td> <td>13,765 </td> <td>1,207 </td> <td>1,054 </td> <td>19.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2005<a href="#cite_note-airbus-169">[a]</a> </td> <td>12,581 </td> <td>909 </td> <td>761 </td> <td>13.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2005 </td> <td>15,411 </td> <td>845 </td> <td>555 </td> <td>22.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2004 </td> <td>13,222 </td> <td>730 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>17.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2003<a href="#cite_note-gaap-170">[b]</a> </td> <td>15,572 </td> <td>233 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>16.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2002<a href="#cite_note-gaap-170">[b]</a> </td> <td>12,145 </td> <td>(616) </td> <td>(686)<a href="#cite_note-nimrod-171">[c]</a> </td> <td>17.3 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2001<a href="#cite_note-gaap-170">[b]</a> </td> <td>13,138 </td> <td>70 </td> <td>(128) </td> <td>23.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 2000<a href="#cite_note-gaap-170">[b]</a> </td> <td>12,185 </td> <td>179 </td> <td>(19) </td> <td>18.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 December 1999<a href="#cite_note-gaap-170">[b]</a> </td> <td>8,929 </td> <td>459 </td> <td>328 </td> <td>29.4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-airbus-169"><a href="#cite_ref-airbus_169-0">^</a> Restated to exclude Airbus contributions. Included for comparison. </li> <li id="cite_note-gaap-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gaap_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gaap_170-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gaap_170-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gaap_170-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gaap_170-4">e</a> Data prepared using UK <a href="/wiki/Generally_Accepted_Accounting_Principles" class="mw-redirect" title="Generally Accepted Accounting Principles">GAAP</a> guidelines. Recent data prepared using <a href="/wiki/International_Financial_Reporting_Standards" title="International Financial Reporting Standards">International Financial Reporting Standards</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-nimrod-171"><a href="#cite_ref-nimrod_171-0">^</a> Reflects £750 million charges for problems with Nimrod MRA4 (£500 million) and Astute-class submarine (£250 million) programmes. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corruption_investigations">Corruption investigations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Corruption investigations">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Serious_Fraud_Office">Serious Fraud Office</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Serious Fraud Office">edit</a>]</div> BAE Systems has been investigated by the <a href="/wiki/Serious_Fraud_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="Serious Fraud Office (United Kingdom)">Serious Fraud Office</a> (SFO) for the use of corruption to help sell arms to Chile, Czech Republic, Romania, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Tanzania and Qatar.<a href="#cite_note-SevenCountries-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-GordonIntervene-173">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-solicitorgeneral-174">[171]</a> In response, BAE Systems' 2006 <a href="/wiki/Corporate_Responsibility_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate Responsibility Report">Corporate Responsibility Report</a> states "We continue to reject these allegations... We take our obligations under the law extremely seriously and will continue to comply with all legal requirements around the world.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> In June 2007 <a href="/wiki/Lord_Woolf" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Woolf">Lord Woolf</a> was selected to lead what the BBC described as an "independent review.... [an] ethics committee to look into how the defence giant conducts its arms deals".<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> The report, Ethical business conduct in BAE Systems plc – the way forward, made 23 recommendations, measures which the company committed to implement. The finding stated that "in the past BAE did not pay sufficient attention to ethical standards in the way it conducted business", and was described by the BBC as "an embarrassing admission".<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> In September 2009, the SFO announced that it intended to prosecute BAE Systems for offences relating to overseas corruption. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> claimed that a penalty more than £500 million might be an acceptable settlement package.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> On 5 February 2010, BAE Systems agreed to pay criminal fines of £257 million (US$400 million) to the US and £30 million to the UK.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> The $400 million fine was a result of a plea bargain with the <a href="/wiki/US_Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="US Department of Justice">US Department of Justice</a> (DOJ) whereby BAE Systems was convicted of felony conspiracy to defraud the United States government. This was one of the largest fines in the history of the DOJ. Judge Bates said the company's conduct involved "deception, duplicity and knowing violations of law, I think it's fair to say, on an enormous scale".<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> BAE Systems did not directly admit to bribery, and is thus not internationally blacklisted from future contracts. Some of the £30 million penalty the company will pay in fines to the UK will be paid ex gratia for the benefit of the people of Tanzania.<a href="#cite_note-182">[179]</a> On 2 March 2010, <a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Arms_Trade" title="Campaign Against Arms Trade">Campaign Against Arms Trade</a> (CAAT) and <a href="/wiki/The_Corner_House_(organisation)" title="The Corner House (organisation)">Corner House Research</a> were successful in gaining a High Court injunction on the SFO's settlement with BAE Systems; however in April 2010 the two organisations withdrew their application for a <a href="/wiki/Judicial_review_in_English_law" title="Judicial review in English law">judicial review</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_Arabia">Saudi Arabia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Saudi Arabia">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parking_RSAF_Tornado_in_1991.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Parking_RSAF_Tornado_in_1991.jpg/220px-Parking_RSAF_Tornado_in_1991.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Parking_RSAF_Tornado_in_1991.jpg/330px-Parking_RSAF_Tornado_in_1991.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Parking_RSAF_Tornado_in_1991.jpg/440px-Parking_RSAF_Tornado_in_1991.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1996" data-file-height="1176" /></a><figcaption>One of 24 <a href="/wiki/Panavia_Tornado_ADV" title="Panavia Tornado ADV">Panavia Tornado ADVs</a> delivered to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saudi_Air_Force" title="Royal Saudi Air Force">Royal Saudi Air Force</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Al_Yamamah_arms_sales" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Yamamah arms sales">Al Yamamah arms sales</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Al-Yamamah_arms_deal" title="Al-Yamamah arms deal">Al-Yamamah arms deal</a></div> Both BAE Systems and its predecessor (BAe) have long been the subject of allegations of bribery in relation to its business in Saudi Arabia. The UK <a href="/wiki/National_Audit_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="National Audit Office (United Kingdom)">National Audit Office</a> (NAO) investigated the Al Yamamah contracts and has so far not published its conclusions, the only NAO report ever to be withheld.<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a> The MoD has stated "The report remains sensitive. Disclosure would harm both international relations and the UK's commercial interests."<a href="#cite_note-SFO-185">[182]</a> The company has been accused of maintaining a £60 million Saudi <a href="/wiki/Slush_fund" title="Slush fund">slush fund</a>. In November 2006, Saudi Arabia put pressure on the British government to end the SFO investigation by suspending negotiations over a new deal for seventy-two Typhoon fighter jets.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> On 14 December 2006 it was announced that the SFO was "discontinuing" its investigation into the company. It stated that representations to its director and the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_for_England_and_Wales" title="Attorney General for England and Wales">Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Peter_Goldsmith,_Baron_Goldsmith" title="Peter Goldsmith, Baron Goldsmith">Lord Goldsmith</a> had led to the conclusion that the wider public interest "to safeguard national and international security" outweighed any potential benefits of further investigation.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> The termination of the investigation has been controversial.<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> In June 2007, the BBC's <a href="/wiki/Panorama_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panorama (TV series)">Panorama</a> alleged BAE Systems "paid hundreds of millions of pounds to the ex-Saudi ambassador to the US, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Bandar_bin_Sultan" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Bandar bin Sultan">Prince Bandar bin Sultan</a>" in return for his role in the Al Yamamah deals.<a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> In late June 2007 the DOJ began a formal investigation into BAE's compliance with anti-corruption laws.<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> On 19 May 2008 BAE Systems confirmed that its CEO Mike Turner and non-executive director <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Rudd" title="Nigel Rudd">Nigel Rudd</a> had been detained "for about 20 minutes" at two US airports the previous week and that the DOJ had issued "a number of additional subpoenas in the US to employees of BAE Systems plc and BAE Systems Inc as part of its ongoing investigation".<a href="#cite_note-dojdetentions-191">[188]</a> The Times suggested that such "humiliating behaviour by the DOJ" is unusual toward a company that is co-operating fully.<a href="#cite_note-dojdetentions-191">[188]</a> A judicial review of the decision by the SFO to drop the investigation was granted on 9 November 2007.<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> On 10 April 2008 the High Court ruled that the SFO "acted unlawfully" by dropping its investigation.<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> The Times described the ruling as "one of the most strongly worded judicial attacks on government action" which condemned how "ministers 'buckled' to 'blatant threats' that Saudi cooperation in the fight against terrorism would end unless the ...investigation was dropped."<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> On 24 April the SFO was granted leave to appeal to the House of Lords against the ruling.<a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> There was a two-day hearing before the Lords on 7 and 8 July 2008.<a href="#cite_note-196">[193]</a> On 30 July the House of Lords unanimously overturned the High Court ruling, stating that the decision to discontinue the investigation was lawful.<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Others">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Regele_Ferdinand_Frigate_22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Regele_Ferdinand_Frigate_22.jpg/150px-Regele_Ferdinand_Frigate_22.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Regele_Ferdinand_Frigate_22.jpg/225px-Regele_Ferdinand_Frigate_22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Regele_Ferdinand_Frigate_22.jpg/300px-Regele_Ferdinand_Frigate_22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="1540" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HMS_Coventry_(F98)" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS Coventry (F98)">HMS Coventry</a> was one of two frigates sold to Romania.</figcaption></figure> In September 2005 The Guardian reported that banking records showed that BAE Systems paid £1 million to <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Pinochet" title="Augusto Pinochet">Augusto Pinochet</a>, the former Chilean dictator.<a href="#cite_note-Pinochet-198">[195]</a> The Guardian has also reported that "clandestine arms deals" have been under investigation in Chile and the UK since 2003 and that British Aerospace and BAE Systems made a number of payments to Pinochet advisers.<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> BAE Systems is alleged to have paid "secret offshore commissions" of over £7 million to secure the sale of <a href="/wiki/HMS_London_(F95)" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS London (F95)">HMS London</a> and <a href="/wiki/HMS_Coventry_(F98)" class="mw-redirect" title="HMS Coventry (F98)">HMS Coventry</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Romanian_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanian Navy">Romanian Navy</a>. The company received a £116 million contract for the refurbishment of the ships prior to delivery;<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> however the British taxpayer only received the scrap value of £100,000 each from the sale.<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> BAE Systems ran into controversy in 2002 over the abnormally high cost of a radar system sold to <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-gdn101219-203">[200]</a> The sale was criticised by several opposition MPs and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>;<a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_International_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for International Development">Secretary of State for International Development</a> <a href="/wiki/Clare_Short" title="Clare Short">Clare Short</a> declared that BAE Systems had "ripped off" developing nations.<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a> In January 2007, details of an investigation by the SFO into BAE Systems' sales tactics in regard to South Africa were reported, highlighting the £2.3 billion deal to supply Hawk trainers and Gripen fighters as suspect.<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> In May 2011, as allegations of bribery behind South Africa's Gripen procurement continued, the company's partner Saab AB issued strong denials of any illicit payments being made; however in June 2011 Saab announced that BAE Systems had made unaccounted payments of roughly $3.5 million to a consultant; this revelation prompted South African opposition parties to call for a renewed inquiry.<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> The Gripen's procurement by the Czech Republic was also under investigation by the SFO in 2006 over allegations of bribery.<a href="#cite_note-Guardian_292006-210">[207]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Espionage">Espionage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Espionage">edit</a>]</div> In September 2003 The Sunday Times reported that BAE Systems had hired a private security contractor to collect information about individuals working at <a href="/wiki/Campaign_Against_Arms_Trade" title="Campaign Against Arms Trade">CAAT</a> and their activities.<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> In February 2007, it was reported that the corporation had again obtained private confidential information from CAAT.<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> The company was reported in 2012 to have been the target of Chinese <a href="/wiki/Cyber_espionage" title="Cyber espionage">cyber espionage</a> that may have stolen secrets related to the F-35 Lightning II.<a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cluster_bombs">Cluster bombs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Cluster bombs">edit</a>]</div> In 2003, BAE Systems was criticised for its role in the production of <a href="/wiki/Cluster_bombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster bombs">cluster bombs</a>, due to the long-term risk for injury or death to civilians. Following the 2008 Oslo <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Cluster_Munitions" title="Convention on Cluster Munitions">Convention on Cluster Munitions</a> BAE Systems was among the first defence contractors to stop their manufacture<a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a> and by 2012 the majority of the munitions had been destroyed.<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Saudi_war_in_Yemen">Saudi war in Yemen</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Saudi war in Yemen">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian%E2%80%93led_intervention_in_Yemen" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen">Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen</a></div> Saudi Arabia is BAE's third biggest market.<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> The Independent reported that BAE-supplied aircraft were used to bomb Red Cross and MSF hospitals in Yemen."<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a> Sir Roger Carr rejected criticism over BAE's continued work in Saudi Arabia, saying "We will stop doing it when they tell us to stop doing it... We maintain peace by having the ability to make war and that has stood the test of time."<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> BAE Systems sold weaponry worth £17.6 billion to Saudi Arabia during the Yemen war.<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israel's_war_in_Gaza">Israel's war in Gaza</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Israel's war in Gaza">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a> was taken against arms companies in the United Kingdom, including BAE Systems, that supplied weapons to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> during the <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">2023 Israel–Hamas war</a>. For instance, on 10 November 2023, trade unionists in <a href="/wiki/Rochester,_Kent" title="Rochester, Kent">Rochester</a>, Kent, blocked the entrances to a BAE Systems factory, stating the facility manufactured military aircraft components used to bomb the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.<a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_influence_and_donations">Political influence and donations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Political influence and donations">edit</a>]</div> Former Foreign Secretary <a href="/wiki/Robin_Cook" title="Robin Cook">Robin Cook</a> said of his time in office that he "came to learn that the chairman of BAE appeared to have the key to the garden door to <a href="/wiki/10_Downing_Street" title="10 Downing Street">number 10</a>. Certainly I never knew No 10 to come up with any decision which would be incommoding to BAE."<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> In the United States BAE Systems is a significant political donor to both Democratic and Republican candidates and organisations.<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a> In 2016 its <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committee</a> (PAC) contributions were the second largest of any foreign corporation after <a href="/wiki/UBS" title="UBS">UBS</a>.<a href="#cite_note-225">[222]</a> In January 2021 following the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Capitol_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 United States Capitol attack">2021 United States Capitol attack</a> BAE Systems announced that it was suspending political donations in the US. On 30 March it once again began making large political contributions, including one to the <a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Senatorial_Committee" title="National Republican Senatorial Committee">National Republican Senatorial Committee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster,_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/16px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/24px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png/33px-Clock_Tower_-_Palace_of_Westminster%2C_London_-_May_2007_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="427" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:London" title="Portal:London">London portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/EnglandHampshire.svg/23px-EnglandHampshire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/EnglandHampshire.svg/34px-EnglandHampshire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/EnglandHampshire.svg/45px-EnglandHampshire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="247" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hampshire" title="Portal:Hampshire">Hampshire portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and 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Retrieved 30 July 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Lords+overturn+Saudi+probe+ruling&rft.date=2008-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F7532714.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABAE+Systems" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pinochet-198"><a href="#cite_ref-Pinochet_198-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeighEvans2005" class="citation news cs1">Leigh, David; Evans, Rob (15 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2005/sep/15/bae.freedomofinformation">"Revealed: BAE's secret £1m to Pinochet"</a>. The Guardian. 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BBC News. 2 February 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070212160344/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6324169.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 February 2007. Retrieved 19 February 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Tanzania+could+seek+radar+refund&rft.date=2007-02-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F6324169.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABAE+Systems" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gdn101219-203"><a href="#cite_ref-gdn101219_203-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeigh2010" class="citation news cs1">Leigh, David (19 December 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/dec/19/wikileaks-cables-tanzania-bae-fears">"WikiLeaks cables: Tanzania official investigating BAE 'fears for his life'"</a>. The Guardian. 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Retrieved 11 December 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=WikiLeaks+cables%3A+Tanzania+official+investigating+BAE+%27fears+for+his+life%27&rft.date=2010-12-19&rft.aulast=Leigh&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fdec%2F19%2Fwikileaks-cables-tanzania-bae-fears&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABAE+Systems" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/2044206.stm">"Tanzania radar sale 'waste of cash'"</a>. BBC News. 14 June 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021028010503/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/2044206.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 October 2002. 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BBC News, 1 October 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShort2009" class="citation news cs1">Short, Clare (1 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/oct/01/bae-deal-blair-sfo">"BAE's government-backed rip-off"</a>. The Guardian. UK. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091004205504/http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2009/oct/01/bae-deal-blair-sfo">Archived</a> from the original on 4 October 2009. 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Retrieved 12 January 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BAE+South+African+deal+%27probed%27&rft.date=2007-01-12&rft.aulast=Plaut&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fbusiness%2F6255725.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABAE+Systems" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> Zander, Christina. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704904604576334822960474968">"Saab Denies South African Bribe Claim".</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709033747/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704904604576334822960474968">Archived</a> 9 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Wall Street Journal. 20 May 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13813281">"Call for new South African arms deal investigation."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121223173023/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13813281">Archived</a> 23 December 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> BBC News, 17 June 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-Guardian_292006-210"><a href="#cite_ref-Guardian_292006_210-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2006/nov/29/business.politics1">"FAQ: The investigation"</a>. 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London: Guardian Newspapers. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130831013507/http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2007/feb/13/bae.foreignpolicy">Archived</a> from the original on 31 August 2013. 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BAE Systems. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619174023/http://www.baesystems.com/article/BAES_052468/cluster-bombs?_afrLoop=2997644007578000&_afrWindowMode=0&_afrWindowId=null#!%40%40%3F_afrWindowId%3Dnull%26_afrLoop%3D2997644007578000%26_afrWindowMode%3D0%26_adf.ctrl-state%3Dwzijqwb8e_370">Archived</a> from the original on 19 June 2015. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baesystems.com/BAEProd/groups/public/documents/bae_publication/bae_pdf_cr08_cr_panel.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 June 2011. 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Retrieved 19 June 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Most+of+Britain%27s+cluster+bomb+stockpile+has+been+destroyed%2C+say+activists&rft.date=2012-09-06&rft.aulast=Norton-Taylor&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Fsep%2F06%2Fbritain-cluster-bomb-stockpile-destroyed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABAE+Systems" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-19/bae-s-annual-profit-shrinks-12-as-defense-spending-stagnates">BAE Says Islamic State War Is Call to Arms for Weapons-Maker</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221195654/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-02-19/bae-s-annual-profit-shrinks-12-as-defense-spending-stagnates">Archived</a> 21 December 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". Bloomberg. 19 February 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/saudi-arabia-un-human-rights-council-theresa-may-expel-she-should-enough-a7199066.html">Theresa May should expel Saudi Arabia from the UN Human Rights Council, but that's not enough to absolve the UK</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170513121145/http://www.independent.co.uk/voices/saudi-arabia-un-human-rights-council-theresa-may-expel-she-should-enough-a7199066.html">Archived</a> 13 May 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". The Independent. 19 August 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/may/04/peace-activists-bae-systems-agm-saudi-arms-sales">BAE chairman to peace activists: 'weapons sales encourage peace'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160828192738/https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/may/04/peace-activists-bae-systems-agm-saudi-arms-sales">Archived</a> 28 August 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". The Guardian. 4 May 2016. </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2021" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Phil (16 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2021-04-16-bae-systems-sold-weaponry-worth-17-6bn-to-saudis-during-yemen-war/">"DECLASSIFIED UK: BAE Systems sold weaponry worth £17.6bn to Saudis during Yemen war"</a>. Daily Maverick.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Maverick&rft.atitle=DECLASSIFIED+UK%3A+BAE+Systems+sold+weaponry+worth+%C2%A317.6bn+to+Saudis+during+Yemen+war&rft.date=2021-04-16&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailymaverick.co.za%2Farticle%2F2021-04-16-bae-systems-sold-weaponry-worth-17-6bn-to-saudis-during-yemen-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABAE+Systems" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuck2023" class="citation news cs1">Luck, Flaminia (10 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-kent-67378052">"Israel-Gaza: Union members block arms factory in protest over conflict"</a>. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231110162943/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-kent-67378052">Archived</a> from the original on 10 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Israel-Gaza%3A+Union+members+block+arms+factory+in+protest+over+conflict&rft.date=2023-11-10&rft.aulast=Luck&rft.aufirst=Flaminia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-kent-67378052&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABAE+Systems" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/the-firm-with-a-back-door-key-to-number-10-1796377.html">"The firm with a 'back door key to Number 10'"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170407053440/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/the-firm-with-a-back-door-key-to-number-10-1796377.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2017. Retrieved 2 April 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=The+firm+with+a+%27back+door+key+to+Number+10%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2Fnews%2Fthe-firm-with-a-back-door-key-to-number-10-1796377.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABAE+Systems" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRalphGreenwood" class="citation news cs1">Ralph, Alex; Greenwood, George. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/donations-linked-to-companies-06tj6hw8v">"Donations to US election candidates linked to British companies"</a>. www.thetimes.co.uk. The Times. Retrieved 5 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.thetimes.co.uk&rft.atitle=Donations+to+US+election+candidates+linked+to+British+companies&rft.aulast=Ralph&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft.au=Greenwood%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fdonations-linked-to-companies-06tj6hw8v&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABAE+Systems" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnigge" class="citation web cs1">Knigge, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/foreign-connected-pacs-spent-10-million-on-the-us-election-so-far/a-19297597">"Foreign-connected PACs spent $10 million on the US election so far"</a>. www.dw.com. DW. Retrieved 5 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dw.com&rft.atitle=Foreign-connected+PACs+spent+%2410+million+on+the+US+election+so+far&rft.aulast=Knigge&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fforeign-connected-pacs-spent-10-million-on-the-us-election-so-far%2Fa-19297597&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABAE+Systems" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGould2021" class="citation web cs1">Gould, Joe (4 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.defensenews.com/congress/2021/06/04/defense-firms-quietly-resume-political-giving-after-post-insurrection-pause/">"Defense firms quietly resume political giving after post-insurrection pause"</a>. www.defensenews.com. Defense News. Retrieved 5 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.defensenews.com&rft.atitle=Defense+firms+quietly+resume+political+giving+after+post-insurrection+pause&rft.date=2021-06-04&rft.aulast=Gould&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defensenews.com%2Fcongress%2F2021%2F06%2F04%2Fdefense-firms-quietly-resume-political-giving-after-post-insurrection-pause%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABAE+Systems" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Hartley, Keith. The Political Economy of Aerospace Industries: A Key Driver of Growth and International Competitiveness? (Edward Elgar, 2014); 288 pages; the industry in Britain, continental Europe, and the US with a case study of BAE Systems.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BAE_Systems&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output 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Submarines">Maritime - Submarines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Military_Air_%26_Information" title="BAE Systems Military Air & Information">Military Air & Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Regional_Aircraft" title="BAE Systems Regional Aircraft">Regional Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Systems Inc">BAE Systems Inc</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Electronic_Systems" title="BAE Systems Electronic Systems">Electronic Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Platforms_%26_Services" title="BAE Systems Platforms & Services">BAE Systems Platforms & Services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CORDA_(company)" title="CORDA (company)">CORDA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Joint ventures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Air_Astana" title="Air Astana">Air Astana</a> (49%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTA_International" title="CTA International">CTA International</a> (50%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurofighter_GmbH" title="Eurofighter GmbH">Eurofighter GmbH</a> (33%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FNSS_Defence_Systems" title="FNSS Defence Systems">FNSS Defence Systems</a> (49%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBDA" title="MBDA">MBDA</a> (37.5%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:BAE_Systems" title="Category:BAE Systems">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_Aerospace_and_BAE_Systems_aircraft288" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAE_aircraft" title="Template:BAE aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAE_aircraft" title="Template talk:BAE aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAE_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAE aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_Aerospace_and_BAE_Systems_aircraft288" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">British Aerospace</a> and <a class="mw-selflink selflink">BAE Systems</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Combat_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat aircraft">Combat aircraft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Harrier" title="Hawker Siddeley Harrier">Harrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_Harrier_II" title="British Aerospace Harrier II">Harrier II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_Hawk_200" title="British Aerospace Hawk 200">Hawk 200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEPECAT_Jaguar" title="SEPECAT Jaguar">Jaguar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_Sea_Harrier" title="British Aerospace Sea Harrier">Sea Harrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panavia_Tornado" title="Panavia Tornado">Tornado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panavia_Tornado_ADV" title="Panavia Tornado ADV">Tornado ADV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon" title="Eurofighter Typhoon">Typhoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Combat_Air_Programme" title="Global Combat Air Programme">Global Combat Air Programme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Patrol and surveillance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Nimrod" title="Hawker Siddeley Nimrod">Nimrod MR1 / MR2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_Nimrod_R1" title="Hawker Siddeley Nimrod R1">Nimrod R1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_Nimrod_AEW3" title="British Aerospace Nimrod AEW3">Nimrod AEW3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Nimrod_MRA4" title="BAE Systems Nimrod MRA4">Nimrod MRA4</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trainer_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trainer (aircraft)">Trainers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Hawk" title="BAE Systems Hawk">Hawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_T-45_Goshawk" title="McDonnell Douglas T-45 Goshawk">Goshawk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">Airliners</a>/<a href="/wiki/Cargo_aircraft" title="Cargo aircraft">transports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_ATP" title="British Aerospace ATP">ATP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_125" title="British Aerospace 125">BAe 125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_146" title="British Aerospace 146">BAe 146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concorde" title="Concorde">Concorde</a> (<a href="/wiki/Concorde_operational_history" title="Concorde operational history">Operational history</a>/<a href="/wiki/Concorde_histories_and_aircraft_on_display" title="Concorde histories and aircraft on display">histories/aircraft on display</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_Jetstream" title="British Aerospace Jetstream">Jetstream 31/32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_Jetstream_41" title="British Aerospace Jetstream 41">Jetstream 41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_ATP#Variants" title="British Aerospace ATP">Jetstream 61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAC_One-Eleven" title="BAC One-Eleven">One-Eleven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">Drones (UAVs)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Ampersand" title="BAE Systems Ampersand">Ampersand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Corax" title="BAE Systems Corax">Corax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Demon" title="BAE Systems Demon">Demon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_GA22" title="BAE Systems GA22">GA22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_HERTI" title="BAE Systems HERTI">HERTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Mantis" title="BAE Systems Mantis">Mantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Phoenix" title="BAE Systems Phoenix">Phoenix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Silver_Fox" title="BAE Systems Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Skylynx_II" title="BAE Systems Skylynx II">Skylynx II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_air_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Unmanned combat air vehicle">Combat drones (UCAVs)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_HERTI" title="BAE Systems HERTI">Fury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Taranis" title="BAE Systems Taranis">Taranis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development/concept aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avion_de_Transport_Supersonique_Futur" title="Avion de Transport Supersonique Futur">ATSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_EAP" title="British Aerospace EAP">EAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_P.125" title="British Aerospace P.125">P.125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_P.1216" title="British Aerospace P.1216">P.1216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace_P.1233-1_Saba" title="British Aerospace P.1233-1 Saba">P.1233-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Replica" title="BAE Systems Replica">Replica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Tempest" title="BAE Systems Tempest">Tempest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aerospace_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom318" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aerospace_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template:Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aerospace_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Template talk:Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aerospace_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aerospace_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom318" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aerospace_industry_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom">Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Manufacturing in the United Kingdom">Manufacturing in the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_Aerospace" title="AD Aerospace">AD Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_UK" title="Airbus UK">Airbus UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_Defence_and_Space" title="Airbus Defence and Space">Airbus Defence and Space</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surrey_Satellite_Technology" title="Surrey Satellite Technology">Surrey Satellite Technology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AirTanker_Services" title="AirTanker Services">AirTanker Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babcock_International" title="Babcock International">Babcock International</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BAE Systems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Military_Air_%26_Information" title="BAE Systems Military Air & Information">Military Air Solutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurofighter_GmbH" title="Eurofighter GmbH">Eurofighter GmbH</a> (33%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBDA" title="MBDA">MBDA</a> (37.5% as <a href="/wiki/MBDA_UK" title="MBDA UK">MBDA UK</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBA_Aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="BBA Aviation">BBA Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_UK" title="Boeing UK">Boeing Defence UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Airways_Engineering" title="British Airways Engineering">British Airways Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Britten-Norman" title="Britten-Norman">Britten-Norman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemring_Group" title="Chemring Group">Chemring Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cobham_Limited" title="Cobham Limited">Cobham</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cobham_Technical_Services" title="Cobham Technical Services">Technical Services</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draken_International" title="Draken International">Draken Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunlop_Aircraft_Tyres" title="Dunlop Aircraft Tyres">Dunlop Aircraft Tyres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Aircraft" title="Europa Aircraft">Europa Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_UK" title="General Dynamics UK">General Dynamics UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GE_Aviation_Systems" title="GE Aviation Systems">GE Aviation Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFS_Projects" title="GFS Projects">GFS Projects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GKN" title="GKN">GKN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_Air_Vehicles" title="Hybrid Air Vehicles">Hybrid Air Vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRVIN-GQ" title="IRVIN-GQ">IRVIN-GQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(company)" title="Leonardo (company)">Leonardo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland" title="AgustaWestland">AgustaWestland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonardo_(company)" title="Leonardo (company)">Finmeccanica UK Ltd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_UK" title="Lockheed Martin UK">Lockheed Martin UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Aerospace_and_Defence_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshall Aerospace and Defence Group">Marshall Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin-Baker" title="Martin-Baker">Martin-Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meggitt" title="Meggitt">Meggitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qinetiq" title="Qinetiq">Qinetiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Holdings" title="Rolls-Royce Holdings">Rolls-Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowty_Propellers" title="Dowty Propellers">Rotol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safran_Landing_Systems" title="Safran Landing Systems">Safran Landing Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selex_ES" title="Selex ES">Selex ES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Brothers" title="Short Brothers">Short Brothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyrora" title="Skyrora">Skyrora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_Aircraft" title="Swift Aircraft">Swift Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telespazio_VEGA_UK" title="Telespazio VEGA UK">Telespazio VEGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales_Air_Defence" title="Thales Air Defence">Thales Air Defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thales_Optronics" title="Thales Optronics">Thales Optronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TUI_Airways" title="TUI Airways">TUI Airways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Electronics" title="Ultra Electronics">Ultra Electronics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADC_Aircraft" title="ADC Aircraft">ADC Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbott-Baynes_Sailplanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbott-Baynes Sailplanes">Abbott-Baynes Sailplanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABC_Motors" title="ABC Motors">ABC Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Navigation_and_Engineering_Company" title="Air Navigation and Engineering Company">Air Navigation and Engineering Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airco" title="Airco">Airco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Airscrew_Company" title="The Airscrew Company">The Airscrew Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airship_Industries" title="Airship Industries">Airship Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Ltd." title="Airspeed Ltd.">Airspeed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airwork_Services" title="Airwork Services">Airwork Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_Aircraft" title="Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft">Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrow_Aircraft_Ltd." title="Arrow Aircraft Ltd.">Arrow Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auster_Aircraft" title="Auster Aircraft">Auster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Motor_Company" title="Austin Motor Company">Austin Motor Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_Traders" title="Aviation Traders">Aviation Traders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro" title="Avro">Avro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beagle_Aircraft" title="Beagle Aircraft">Beagle Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beardmore_and_Company" title="William Beardmore and Company">William Beardmore and Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Aircraft" title="Blackburn Aircraft">Blackburn Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_%26_Paul" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulton & Paul">Boulton & Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulton_Paul_Aircraft" title="Boulton Paul Aircraft">Boulton Paul Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Aeroplane_Company" title="Bristol Aeroplane Company">Bristol Aeroplane Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerial_Transport" title="British Aerial Transport">British Aerial Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">British Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aircraft_Company" title="British Aircraft Company">British Aircraft Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aircraft_Corporation" title="British Aircraft Corporation">British Aircraft Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Aircraft_Manufacturing" title="British Aircraft Manufacturing">British Aircraft Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BTR_Aerospace_Group" title="BTR Aerospace Group">BTR Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Aircraft_Company" title="Central Aircraft Company">Central Aircraft Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilton_Aircraft" title="Chilton Aircraft">Chilton Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrislea_Aircraft" title="Chrislea Aircraft">Chrislea Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_%26_Shuttleworth" title="Clayton & Shuttleworth">Clayton & Shuttleworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comper_Aircraft_Company" title="Comper Aircraft Company">Comper Aircraft Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunliffe-Owen_Aircraft" title="Cunliffe-Owen Aircraft">Cunliffe-Owen Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dart_Aircraft" title="Dart Aircraft">Dart Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland" title="De Havilland">de Havilland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Aeronautical_Technical_School" title="De Havilland Aeronautical Technical School">Aeronautical Technical School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Propellers" title="De Havilland Propellers">Propellers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desoutter_Aircraft_Company" title="Desoutter Aircraft Company">Desoutter Aircraft Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dowty_Group" title="Dowty Group">Dowty Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunlop_Standard_Aerospace_Group" title="Dunlop Standard Aerospace Group">Dunlop Standard Aerospace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._D._Abbott_Ltd" title="E. D. Abbott Ltd">ED Abbott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgar_Percival_Aircraft" title="Edgar Percival Aircraft">Edgar Percival Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliotts_of_Newbury" title="Elliotts of Newbury">Elliotts of Newbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric" title="English Electric">English Electric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euravia" class="mw-redirect" title="Euravia">Euravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Aviation_Company" title="Fairey Aviation Company">Fairey Aviation Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fane_Aircraft_Company" title="Fane Aircraft Company">Fane Aircraft Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferranti" title="Ferranti">Ferranti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folland_Aircraft" title="Folland Aircraft">Folland Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foster,_Wikner_Aircraft" title="Foster, Wikner Aircraft">Foster, Wikner Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garland_Aircraft_Company" title="Garland Aircraft Company">Garland Aircraft Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Aircraft_Limited" title="General Aircraft Limited">General Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Company" title="General Electric Company">General Electric Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloster_Aircraft_Company" title="Gloster Aircraft Company">Gloster Aircraft Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grahame-White" title="Grahame-White">Grahame-White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handley_Page" title="Handley Page">Handley Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hants_and_Sussex_Aviation" title="Hants and Sussex Aviation">Hants and Sussex Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Aircraft" title="Hawker Aircraft">Hawker Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley" title="Hawker Siddeley">Hawker Siddeley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heston_Aircraft_Company" title="Heston Aircraft Company">Heston Aircraft Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_%26_Blondeau" title="Hewlett & Blondeau">Hewlett & Blondeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hordern-Richmond" title="Hordern-Richmond">Hordern-Richmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunting_Aircraft" title="Hunting Aircraft">Hunting Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsbury_Aviation" title="Kingsbury Aviation">Kingsbury Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakes_Flying_Company" title="Lakes Flying Company">Lakes Flying Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindstrand_Balloons" title="Lindstrand Balloons">Lindstrand Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luton_Aircraft" title="Luton Aircraft">Luton Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M._B._Arpin_%26_Co." title="M. B. Arpin & Co.">M. B. Arpin & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Company" title="Marconi Company">Marconi Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Electronic_Systems" title="Marconi Electronic Systems">Electronic Systems</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinsyde" title="Martinsyde">Martinsyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matra_Marconi_Space" title="Matra Marconi Space">Matra Marconi Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Aircraft" title="Miles Aircraft">Miles Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moss_Brothers_Aircraft" title="Moss Brothers Aircraft">Moss Brothers Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._Napier_%26_Son" title="D. Napier & Son">D. Napier & Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash_%26_Thompson" title="Nash & Thompson">Nash & Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aircraft_Factory_No._2" title="National Aircraft Factory No. 2">National Aircraft Factory No. 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuport_%26_General_Aircraft" title="Nieuport & General Aircraft">Nieuport & General Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thompson_Flight_Company" title="Norman Thompson Flight Company">Norman Thompson Flight Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnall" title="Parnall">Parnall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnall_%26_Sons" title="Parnall & Sons">Parnall & Sons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Victoria_Marine_Experimental_Aircraft_Depot" title="Port Victoria Marine Experimental Aircraft Depot">Port Victoria Marine Experimental Aircraft Depot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lang_Propellers" title="Lang Propellers">Lang Propellers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaction_Engines_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Reaction Engines Limited">Reaction Engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reid_and_Sigrist" title="Reid and Sigrist">Reid and Sigrist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollason_Aircraft_and_Engines" title="Rollason Aircraft and Engines">Rollason Aircraft and Engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Establishment" title="Royal Aircraft Establishment">Royal Aircraft Establishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saunders-Roe" title="Saunders-Roe">Saunders-Roe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Aviation" title="Scottish Aviation">Scottish Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaplane_Experimental_Station" title="Seaplane Experimental Station">Seaplane Experimental Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selex_ES" title="Selex ES">SELEX Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELEX_Sistemi_Integrati" title="SELEX Sistemi Integrati">SELEX Sistemi Integrati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siddeley-Deasy" title="Siddeley-Deasy">Siddeley-Deasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Aviation_Company" title="Sopwith Aviation Company">Sopwith Aviation Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartan_Aircraft_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Spartan Aircraft Ltd">Spartan Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine" title="Supermarine">Supermarine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Limited" title="Vickers Limited">Vickers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers-Armstrongs" title="Vickers-Armstrongs">Vickers-Armstrongs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Aircraft" title="Westland Aircraft">Westland Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Helicopters" title="Westland Helicopters">Westland Helicopters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Samuel_White" title="J. Samuel White">J. Samuel White</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government and regulatory bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Aviation_Authority_(United_Kingdom)" title="Civil Aviation Authority (United Kingdom)">Civil Aviation Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Electronics_and_Components_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence Electronics and Components Agency">Defence Electronics and Components Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defence_Science_and_Technology_Laboratory" title="Defence Science and Technology Laboratory">Defence Science and Technology Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Aviation_Safety_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="European Aviation Safety Agency">European Aviation Safety Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ADS_Group" title="ADS Group">ADS Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnborough_International_Airshow" title="Farnborough International Airshow">Farnborough International Airshow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NATS_Holdings" title="NATS Holdings">NATS Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NDI_UK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NDI UK (page does not exist)">NDI UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ParcAberporth" title="ParcAberporth">ParcAberporth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Aeronautical_Society" title="Royal Aeronautical Society">Royal Aeronautical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_International_Air_Tattoo" title="Royal International Air Tattoo">Royal International Air Tattoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_British_Aerospace_Companies" title="Society of 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100</a> companies of the United Kingdom   → <a href="/wiki/FTSE_250_Index" title="FTSE 250 Index">FTSE 250</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3i" title="3i">3i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Admiral_Group" title="Admiral Group">Admiral Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airtel_Africa" title="Airtel Africa">Airtel Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Witan" title="Alliance Witan">Alliance Witan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo_American_plc" title="Anglo American plc">Anglo American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antofagasta_plc" title="Antofagasta plc">Antofagasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtead_Group" title="Ashtead Group">Ashtead Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associated_British_Foods" title="Associated British Foods">Associated British Foods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_Trader_Group" title="Auto Trader Group">Auto Trader Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aviva" title="Aviva">Aviva</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BAE Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barclays" title="Barclays">Barclays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barratt_Redrow" title="Barratt Redrow">Barratt Redrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beazley_plc" title="Beazley plc">Beazley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Group_Holdings" title="Berkeley Group Holdings">Berkeley Group Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BP" title="BP">BP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_American_Tobacco" title="British American Tobacco">British American Tobacco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Land" title="British Land">British Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BT_Group" title="BT Group">BT Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunzl" title="Bunzl">Bunzl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centrica" title="Centrica">Centrica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola_Hellenic_Bottling_Company" title="Coca-Cola Hellenic Bottling Company">Coca-Cola HBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compass_Group" title="Compass Group">Compass Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convatec" title="Convatec">Convatec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croda_International" title="Croda International">Croda International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DCC_plc" title="DCC plc">DCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diageo" title="Diageo">Diageo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diploma_plc" title="Diploma plc">Diploma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EasyJet" title="EasyJet">EasyJet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_Mining" title="Endeavour Mining">Endeavour Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entain" title="Entain">Entain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experian" title="Experian">Experian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F_%26_C_Investment_Trust" title="F & C Investment Trust">F & C Investment Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnillo_plc" title="Fresnillo plc">Fresnillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Games_Workshop" title="Games Workshop">Games Workshop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glencore" title="Glencore">Glencore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK_plc" title="GSK plc">GSK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleon" title="Haleon">Haleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halma_plc" title="Halma plc">Halma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hargreaves_Lansdown" title="Hargreaves Lansdown">Hargreaves Lansdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikma_Pharmaceuticals" title="Hikma Pharmaceuticals">Hikma Pharmaceuticals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiscox" title="Hiscox">Hiscox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howdens_Joinery" title="Howdens Joinery">Howdens Joinery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IHG_Hotels_%26_Resorts" title="IHG Hotels & Resorts">IHG Hotels & Resorts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IMI_plc" title="IMI plc">IMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Brands" title="Imperial Brands">Imperial Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Informa" title="Informa">Informa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_Capital_Group" title="Intermediate Capital Group">Intermediate Capital Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Airlines_Group" title="International Airlines Group">International Airlines Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intertek" title="Intertek">Intertek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Sports" title="JD Sports">JD Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingfisher_plc" title="Kingfisher plc">Kingfisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landsec" title="Landsec">Land Securities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_%26_General" title="Legal & General">Legal & General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lloyds_Banking_Group" title="Lloyds Banking Group">Lloyds Banking Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LondonMetric_Property" title="LondonMetric Property">LondonMetric Property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange_Group" title="London Stock Exchange Group">London Stock Exchange Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%26G" title="M&G">M&G</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marks_%26_Spencer" title="Marks & Spencer">Marks & Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melrose_Industries" title="Melrose Industries">Melrose Industries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondi" title="Mondi">Mondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Grid_plc" title="National Grid plc">National Grid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NatWest_Group" title="NatWest Group">NatWest Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_plc" title="Next plc">Next</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearson_plc" title="Pearson plc">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square_Holdings" title="Pershing Square Holdings">Pershing Square Holdings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persimmon_plc" title="Persimmon plc">Persimmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Group" title="Phoenix Group">Phoenix Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polar_Capital_Technology_Trust" title="Polar Capital Technology Trust">Polar Capital Technology Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudential_plc" title="Prudential plc">Prudential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reckitt" title="Reckitt">Reckitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELX" title="RELX">RELX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rentokil_Initial" title="Rentokil Initial">Rentokil Initial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rightmove" title="Rightmove">Rightmove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_(corporation)" title="Rio Tinto (corporation)">Rio Tinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Holdings" title="Rolls-Royce Holdings">Rolls-Royce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sage_Group" title="Sage Group">Sage Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainsbury%27s" title="Sainsbury's">J Sainsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schroders" title="Schroders">Schroders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Mortgage_Investment_Trust" title="Scottish Mortgage Investment Trust">Scottish Mortgage Investment Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segro" title="Segro">Segro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severn_Trent" title="Severn Trent">Severn Trent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_plc" title="Shell plc">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smith_%26_Nephew" title="Smith & Nephew">Smith & Nephew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smiths_Group" title="Smiths Group">Smiths Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirax_Group" title="Spirax Group">Spirax Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SSE_plc" title="SSE plc">SSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chartered" title="Standard Chartered">Standard Chartered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._James%27s_Place_plc" title="St. James's Place plc">St. James's Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_Wimpey" title="Taylor Wimpey">Taylor Wimpey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Utilities" title="United Utilities">United Utilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_Students" title="Unite Students">Unite Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodafone" title="Vodafone">Vodafone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weir_Group" title="Weir Group">Weir Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitbread" title="Whitbread">Whitbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WPP_plc" title="WPP plc">WPP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Timeline_of_British_aerospace_companies_since_1955116" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAE_Systems_evolution" title="Template:BAE Systems evolution"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAE_Systems_evolution" title="Template talk:BAE Systems evolution"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAE_Systems_evolution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAE Systems evolution"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Timeline_of_British_aerospace_companies_since_1955116" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Timeline of British aerospace companies since 1955</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td colspan="5" width="10%">1950s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1960s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1970s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1980s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%">1990s </td> <td colspan="5" width="10%">2000s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>9 </td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="23" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Short_Brothers" title="Short Brothers">Short Brothers & Harland Limited</a> </td> <td colspan="15" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Short_Brothers" title="Short Brothers">Short Brothers Limited</a> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Inc." title="Bombardier Inc.">Short Brothers plc</a><a href="#cite_note-227">[a]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Handley_Page" title="Handley Page">Handley Page</a> </td> <td colspan="9"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Miles_Aircraft" title="Miles Aircraft">FG Miles</a> </td> <td colspan="8" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Beagle_Aircraft" title="Beagle Aircraft">Beagle Aircraft</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[b]</a> </td> <td colspan="10" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10" rowspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="5" rowspan="2"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Auster_Aircraft" title="Auster Aircraft">Auster</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="22" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Aviation" title="Scottish Aviation">Scottish Aviation</a><a href="#cite_note-229">[c]</a> </td> <td colspan="22" rowspan="10" style="background-color:#b6d1ed"><a href="/wiki/British_Aerospace" title="British Aerospace">British Aerospace</a> (BAe) </td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="11" style="background-color:#e6b7b7"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BAE Systems</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Blackburn_Aircraft" title="Blackburn Aircraft">Blackburn</a> </td> <td colspan="16" rowspan="5" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley" title="Hawker Siddeley">Hawker Siddeley Aviation</a> Hawker Siddeley Dynamics </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Avro" title="Avro">Avro</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland" title="De Havilland">de Havilland</a> </td> <td colspan="17" rowspan="3" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Folland_Aircraft" title="Folland Aircraft">Folland</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley" title="Hawker Siddeley">Hawker Siddeley</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[d]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Vickers-Armstrongs" title="Vickers-Armstrongs">Vickers-Armstrongs</a> </td> <td colspan="17" rowspan="4" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/British_Aircraft_Corporation" title="British Aircraft Corporation">British Aircraft Corporation</a> (BAC)<a href="#cite_note-231">[e]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/English_Electric" title="English Electric">English Electric</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[f]</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Aeroplane_Company" title="Bristol Aeroplane Company">Bristol</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Hunting_Aircraft" title="Hunting Aircraft">Hunting</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Company" title="General Electric Company">The General Electric Company (GEC)</a> </td> <td colspan="20" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Company" title="Marconi Company">The Marconi Company</a> </td> <td colspan="11" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Electronic_Systems" title="Marconi Electronic Systems">GEC-Marconi/Marconi Electronic Systems</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/English_Electric" title="English Electric">The English Electric Company</a><a href="#cite_note-233">[g]</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Marconi_plc" class="mw-redirect" title="Marconi plc">Marconi plc</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left"> <td colspan="50"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 40em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> Part of <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Inc." title="Bombardier Inc.">Bombardier Inc.</a>; since 2019 part of <a href="/wiki/Spirit_AeroSystems" title="Spirit AeroSystems">Spirit AeroSystems</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> Government owned from 1966 to liquidation </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> Purchased rights for various Beagle and Handley-Page designs from the liquidator. </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> Comprising <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Aircraft" title="Hawker Aircraft">Hawker Aircraft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloster_Aircraft_Company" title="Gloster Aircraft Company">Gloster Aircraft Company</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armstrong_Whitworth_Aircraft" title="Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft">Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> BAC comprised the aviation interests of the companies that formed it, and wholly owned Hunting Aircraft. </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> English Electric Aircraft, a subsidiary of the English Electric Company. </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> GEC purchased EE and with it The Marconi Company and EE's shareholding in BAC, through its subsidiary EE Aircraft. </li> </ol></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modern_timeline_of_British_shipbuilding_companies,_1960–present154" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_Shipbuilders_evolution" title="Template:British Shipbuilders evolution"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_Shipbuilders_evolution" title="Template talk:British Shipbuilders evolution"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_Shipbuilders_evolution" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British Shipbuilders evolution"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_timeline_of_British_shipbuilding_companies,_1960–present154" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Modern timeline of British shipbuilding companies, 1960–present</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="10" width="20%" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;">1960s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;">1970s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;">1980s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;">1990s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;">2000s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;">2010s </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Hawthorn_Leslie_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawthorn Leslie & Company">Hawthorn Leslie & Company</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Caledon_Shipbuilding_%26_Engineering_Company" title="Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company">Caledon Sh'b. & Eng. Co.</a> </td> <td colspan="8" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0">Robb Caledon Shipbuilding </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Robb" title="Henry Robb">Henry Robb</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="25" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Harland_%26_Wolff" title="Harland & Wolff">Harland & Wolff</a> </td> <td colspan="26" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Harland_%26_Wolff" title="Harland & Wolff">Harland & Wolff Heavy Industries</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Ailsa_Shipbuilding_Company" title="Ailsa Shipbuilding Company">Ailsa Shipbuilding Company</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#7EC0EE">Ferguson Ailsa </td> <td colspan="16" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Ailsa_Shipbuilding_Company" title="Ailsa Shipbuilding Company">Ailsa & Perth</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Marine" title="Ferguson Marine">Ferguson Brothers</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_Marine" title="Ferguson Marine">Ferguson Shipbuilders</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Lithgows" title="Lithgows">Lithgows</a> </td> <td colspan="10" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Lithgow" title="Scott Lithgow">Scott Lithgow</a> </td> <td colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td> <td colspan="22" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Scott_Lithgow" title="Scott Lithgow">Scott Lithgow</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Scotts_Shipbuilding_%26_Engineering_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotts Shipbuilding & Engineering Company">Scotts Sh'b. & Eng. Co.</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Greenock_Dockyard_Company" title="Greenock Dockyard Company">Greenock Dockyard Co.</a> </td> <td colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"> </td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="1" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Swan_Hunter" title="Swan Hunter">Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson</a> </td> <td colspan="11" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Swan_Hunter" title="Swan Hunter">Swan Hunter Group</a> </td> <td colspan="10" rowspan="3" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td> <td colspan="24" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Swan_Hunter" title="Swan Hunter">Swan Hunter</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Smith%27s_Dock_Company" title="Smith's Dock Company">Smith's Dock Co.</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/John_Readhead_%26_Sons" title="John Readhead & Sons">John Readhead & Sons</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Hall,_Russell_%26_Company" title="Hall, Russell & Company">Hall Russell & Co.</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Hall,_Russell_%26_Company" title="Hall, Russell & Company">Hall Russell</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/A%26P_Group" title="A&P Group">A&P</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Austin_%26_Pickersgill" title="Austin & Pickersgill">Austin & Pickersgill</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/A%26P_Group" title="A&P Group">North East Shipbuilders</a> </td> <td colspan="7" rowspan="3" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/A%26P_Group" title="A&P Group">A&P Appledore International</a> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/A%26P_Group" title="A&P Group">A&P Group</a> </td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/William_Doxford_%26_Sons" title="William Doxford & Sons">William Doxford & Sons</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Appledore_Shipbuilders" title="Appledore Shipbuilders">Appledore Shipbuilders</a> </td> <td colspan="13" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Appledore_Shipbuilders" title="Appledore Shipbuilders">DML Appledore</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Appledore_Shipbuilders" title="Appledore Shipbuilders">Babcock Marine Appledore</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="17" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Cammell_Laird" title="Cammell Laird">Cammell Laird & Company</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E0e0E0"><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Shipbuilding_and_Engineering" title="Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering">VSEL</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#c0c0c0">Coastline </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#e0e0e0"><a href="/wiki/Cammell_Laird" title="Cammell Laird">Cammell Laird</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/A%26P_Group" title="A&P Group">A&P Shiprepair</a> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#e0e0e0"><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Shiprepairers_%26_Shipbuilders" title="Northwestern Shiprepairers & Shipbuilders">NWSL</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Cammell_Laird" title="Cammell Laird">CLSS</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Vickers-Armstrongs" title="Vickers-Armstrongs">Vickers-Armstrongs</a> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Vickers-Armstrongs" title="Vickers-Armstrongs">Vickers Ltd. Shipbuilding</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#e0e0e0"><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Electronic_Systems" title="Marconi Electronic Systems">Marconi Marine (VSEL)</a> </td> <td colspan="4" rowspan="3" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Marine" title="BAE Systems Marine">BAE Systems Marine</a> </td> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#e0e0e0"><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Submarines" title="BAE Systems Submarines">BAE Systems Submarines</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Yarrow_Shipbuilders" title="Yarrow Shipbuilders">Yarrow & Co.</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Yarrow_Shipbuilders" title="Yarrow Shipbuilders">Y'w. Sh'b. Ltd.</a> </td> <td colspan="3" rowspan="5" style="background-color:#BCED91"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Clyde_Shipbuilders" title="Upper Clyde Shipbuilders">Upper Clyde Shipbuilders</a> </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Yarrow_Shipbuilders" title="Yarrow Shipbuilders">YSL</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td> <td colspan="14" style="background-color:#e0e0e0"><a href="/wiki/Marconi_Electronic_Systems" title="Marconi Electronic Systems">Marconi Marine (YSL)</a> </td> <td colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#e0e0e0"><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Maritime_-_Naval_Ships" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Systems Maritime - Naval Ships">BAE Surf. Flt. Solutions</a> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="11" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/BVT_Surface_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="BVT Surface Fleet">BVT Surface Fleet</a> </td> <td colspan="1" rowspan="11" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Maritime_-_Naval_Ships" class="mw-redirect" title="BAE Systems Maritime - Naval Ships">BAE Systems Surface Ships</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="7" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Fairfield_Shipbuilding_%26_Engineering_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairfield Shipbuilding & Engineering Company">Fairfield Sh'b. & Eng. Co.</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"> </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="4" style="background-color:#BCED91"> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Govan_Shipbuilders" title="Govan Shipbuilders">Govan Sh'b.</a> </td> <td colspan="12" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td> <td colspan="11" style="background-color:#e0e0e0"><a href="/wiki/Kvaerner_Govan" title="Kvaerner Govan">Kvaerner Govan</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Connell_%26_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Connell & Company">Charles Connell & Company</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#e0e0e0"><a href="/wiki/Scotstoun_Marine" title="Scotstoun Marine">Scotstoun Marine</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/John_Brown_%26_Company" title="John Brown & Company">John Brown & Company</a> </td> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#e0e0e0"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Marathon_Manufacturing_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marathon Manufacturing Company (page does not exist)">Marathon (Clydebank)</a> </td> <td colspan="21" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Bouygues" title="Bouygues">UiE Scotland</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="8" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stephen_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stephen & Sons">Alexander Stephen & Sons</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/William_Denny_%26_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="William Denny & Brothers">W Denny & Bros</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/A_%26_J_Inglis" class="mw-redirect" title="A & J Inglis">A. & J. Inglis</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Lobnitz" title="Lobnitz">Simons & Lobnitz</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="9" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Barclay_Curle" title="Barclay Curle">Barclay Curle</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/John_I._Thornycroft_%26_Company" title="John I. Thornycroft & Company">JI Thornycroft & Co</a> </td> <td colspan="11" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/VT_Group" title="VT Group">Vosper Thornycroft</a> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#7EC0EE"> </td> <td colspan="17" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#e0e0e0"><a href="/wiki/VT_Group" title="VT Group">Vosper Thornycroft</a> </td> <td colspan="5" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/VT_Group" title="VT Group">VT Group</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/Vosper_%26_Company" title="Vosper & Company">Vosper & Co</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#E0E0E0"><a href="/wiki/British_Hovercraft_Corporation" title="British Hovercraft Corporation">British Hovercraft Corporation</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="43" style="background-color:#E0E0E0">Hoverwork </td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c0c0c0"><a href="/wiki/Griffon_Hoverwork" title="Griffon Hoverwork">Griffon Hoverwork</a> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:85%"> <td colspan="16"> </td> <td colspan="33" style="background-color:#E0E0E0">Griffon Hovercraft </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td width="2%">2</td> <td width="2%">3</td> <td width="2%">4</td> <td width="2%">5</td> <td width="2%">6</td> <td width="2%">7</td> <td width="2%">8</td> <td width="2%">9 </td> <td width="2%">0</td> <td width="2%">1</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10" width="20%" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;">1960s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;">1970s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;">1980s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;">1990s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;">2000s </td> <td colspan="10" width="20%" style="text-align:center;background-color:#F0F0F0;">2010s </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;font-size:100%; color:#7ec0ee"> <td colspan="50">BSC = <a href="/wiki/British_Shipbuilders" title="British Shipbuilders">British Shipbuilders Corporation</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739416#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata384" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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