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class=""><span>כניסה לחשבון</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="אפשרויות נוספות" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="כלים אישיים" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">כלים אישיים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="תפריט משתמש" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_he.wikipedia.org&uselang=he"><span>תרומה לוויקיפדיה</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA+%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="מומלץ ליצור חשבון ולהיכנס אליו, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>יצירת חשבון</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9F&returnto=%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA+%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A1" title="מומלץ להיכנס לחשבון, אך אין חובה לעשות זאת [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>כניסה לחשבון</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> דפים לעורכים שלא נכנסו לחשבון <a href="/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D" aria-label="מידע נוסף על עריכה"><span>מידע נוסף</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93:%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99" title="רשימת העריכות שנעשו מכתובת IP זו 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">התחלה</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-חסרונות_ויתרונות" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#חסרונות_ויתרונות"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>חסרונות ויתרונות</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-חסרונות_ויתרונות-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ראו_גם" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ראו_גם"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ראו גם</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ראו_גם-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-קישורים_חיצוניים" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#קישורים_חיצוניים"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>קישורים חיצוניים</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-קישורים_חיצוניים-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="תוכן עניינים" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="מצב תוכן העניינים" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">מצב תוכן העניינים</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">שיטת ויקרס</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="מעבר לערך בשפה אחרת. זמין ב־36 שפות" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 שפות</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_hardness_test" title="Vickers hardness test – אנגלית" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vickers hardness test" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="אנגלית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_hardheidstoets" title="Vickers hardheidstoets – אפריקאנס" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vickers hardheidstoets" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="אפריקאנס" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="اختبار فيكرز للصلادة – ערבית" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اختبار فيكرز للصلادة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ערבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B2_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87" title="اختبار فيكرز للصلابه – ערבית מצרית" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اختبار فيكرز للصلابه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="ערבית מצרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assaig_de_duresa_Vickers" title="Assaig de duresa Vickers – קטלאנית" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Assaig de duresa Vickers" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="קטלאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="ڤیکەرس – כורדית סוראנית" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڤیکەرس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="כורדית סוראנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zkou%C5%A1ka_tvrdosti_podle_Vickerse" title="Zkouška tvrdosti podle Vickerse – צ׳כית" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zkouška tvrdosti podle Vickerse" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="צ׳כית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A4rte#Härteprüfung_nach_Vickers_(HV)" title="Härte – גרמנית" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Härte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="גרמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dureza_Vickers" title="Dureza Vickers – ספרדית" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dureza Vickers" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ספרדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickersi_k%C3%B5vadus" title="Vickersi kõvadus – אסטונית" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vickersi kõvadus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="אסטונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%AE%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="آزمون سختی ویکرز – פרסית" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آزمون سختی ویکرز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="פרסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duret%C3%A9_Vickers" title="Dureté Vickers – צרפתית" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dureté Vickers" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="צרפתית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvrdo%C4%87a_po_Vickersu" title="Tvrdoća po Vickersu – קרואטית" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tvrdoća po Vickersu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="קרואטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers-kem%C3%A9nys%C3%A9g" title="Vickers-keménység – הונגרית" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Vickers-keménység" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="הונגרית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%A4" title="Վիքերսի մեթոդ – ארמנית" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Վիքերսի մեթոդ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ארמנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uji_kekerasan_Vickers" title="Uji kekerasan Vickers – אינדונזית" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Uji kekerasan Vickers" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="אינדונזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scala_Vickers" title="Scala Vickers – איטלקית" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scala Vickers" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="איטלקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%83%83%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9%E7%A1%AC%E3%81%95" title="ビッカース硬さ – יפנית" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビッカース硬さ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="יפנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%BB%A4%EC%8A%A4_%EA%B5%B3%EA%B8%B0" title="비커스 굳기 – קוריאנית" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비커스 굳기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="קוריאנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Викерсова тврдост – מקדונית" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Викерсова тврдост" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="מקדונית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ujian_kekerasan_Vickers" title="Ujian kekerasan Vickers – מלאית" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ujian kekerasan Vickers" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="מלאית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickershardheid" title="Vickershardheid – הולנדית" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vickershardheid" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="הולנדית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_hardhetstest" title="Vickers hardhetstest – נורווגית ספרותית" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vickers hardhetstest" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="נורווגית ספרותית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_twardo%C5%9Bci_Vickersa" title="Skala twardości Vickersa – פולנית" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skala twardości Vickersa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="פולנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dureza_Vickers" title="Dureza Vickers – פורטוגזית" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dureza Vickers" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="פורטוגזית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0" title="Метод Виккерса – רוסית" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Метод Виккерса" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="רוסית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvrdo%C4%87a_po_Vickersu" title="Tvrdoća po Vickersu – סרבו-קרואטית" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tvrdoća po Vickersu" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="סרבו-קרואטית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trdota_po_Vickersu" title="Trdota po Vickersu – סלובנית" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Trdota po Vickersu" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="סלובנית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tvrdo%C4%87a_po_Vikersu" title="Tvrdoća po Vikersu – סרבית" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tvrdoća po Vikersu" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="סרבית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickersskala" title="Vickersskala – שוודית" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vickersskala" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="שוודית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_hardness" title="Vickers hardness – תאית" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="Vickers hardness" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="תאית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vickers_sertli%C4%9Fi" title="Vickers sertliği – טורקית" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Vickers sertliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="טורקית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BC" title="Випробування на твердість за Віккерсом – אוקראינית" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Випробування на твердість за Віккерсом" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="אוקראינית" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikkers_usuli" title="Vikkers usuli – אוזבקית" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vikkers usuli" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" 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data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">מראה</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">העברה לסרגל הצד</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">הסתרה</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">מתוך ויקיפדיה, האנציקלופדיה החופשית</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-rtl mw-parser-output" lang="he" dir="rtl"><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A5:Case_hardened_steel-vickers_hardness_test.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Case_hardened_steel-vickers_hardness_test.png/250px-Case_hardened_steel-vickers_hardness_test.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Case_hardened_steel-vickers_hardness_test.png/375px-Case_hardened_steel-vickers_hardness_test.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Case_hardened_steel-vickers_hardness_test.png/500px-Case_hardened_steel-vickers_hardness_test.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>העקבה שמשאיר החודרן בשיטת ויקרס</figcaption></figure> <p><b>שיטת ויקרס</b> (ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אנגלית">אנגלית</a>: <b>Vickers</b>) היא שיטה לבדיקת <a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="קשיות">קשיות</a> <a href="/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%9B%D7%AA" title="מתכת">מתכות</a>. השיטה בודקת את התנגדות המתכת לחדירת חומר זר (חודרן) לתוכה. באמצעות בדיקה זו ניתן לקבוע תכונות טכנולוגיות ומכניות של החומר. </p><p>השיטה פותחה ב-<a href="/wiki/1922" title="1922">1922</a> בחברת ויקרס (Vickers Ltd) על ידי רוברט סמית' וג'ורג' סנדלנד. החברה פורקה ב<a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94-60_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-20" title="שנות ה-60 של המאה ה-20">שנות ה-60 של המאה ה-20</a>. </p><p>החודרן בבדיקה זו הוא <a href="/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94_(%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%94)" title="פירמידה (גאומטריה)">פירמידת</a> <a href="/wiki/%D7%99%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D" title="יהלום">יהלום</a> מרובעת בעלת זווית חוד של 136<sup>o</sup> בין הפאות המנוגדות. את העומס נהוג לשנות בין 1 ל-120 ק"ג. מספר הקשיות VHN מבוסס על העומס הפועל מחולק בשטח פני העיקבה. שטח זה מחושב על ידי מדידת אלכסוני ריבוע העיקבה והקשיות מחושבת לפי הנוסחה: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle VHN={\frac {2Psin(136/2)}{L^{2}}}={\frac {1.854P}{L^{2}}}[Mpa]}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>V</mi> <mi>H</mi> <mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>P</mi> <mi>s</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mi>n</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>136</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>1.854</mn> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mfrac> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">[</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mi>p</mi> <mi>a</mi> <mo stretchy="false">]</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle VHN={\frac {2Psin(136/2)}{L^{2}}}={\frac {1.854P}{L^{2}}}[Mpa]}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1b8e130de3e733dd8c493b1037e9372eecf3de90" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:40.778ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle VHN={\frac {2Psin(136/2)}{L^{2}}}={\frac {1.854P}{L^{2}}}[Mpa]}"></span></dd></dl> <p>כאשר: </p> <ul><li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ P}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>P</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ P}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/7d0699308adfbf0e364bf8a9b9efdb56720b33f9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.326ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ P}"></span> העומס בניוטון כח</li> <li><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \ L}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext> </mtext> <mi>L</mi> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \ L}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/961a82b146ef42781608f00e4d5ebabaf4b42cc6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.338ex; width:2.163ex; height:2.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \ L}"></span> האורך הממוצע של אלכסוני העקבה במילימטר</li></ul> <p>לא נשתמש בנוסחאות אלא בטבלאות מיוחדות לשיטה המבוססת על הנוסחה, בדומה ל<a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9C" title="שיטת ברינל">שיטת ברינל</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="חסרונות_ויתרונות"><span id=".D7.97.D7.A1.D7.A8.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.95.D7.AA_.D7.95.D7.99.D7.AA.D7.A8.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.95.D7.AA"></span>חסרונות ויתרונות</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A1&action=edit&section=1" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: חסרונות ויתרונות"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A1&veaction=edit&section=1" title="עריכת פסקה: "חסרונות ויתרונות"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>כל ההנחיות לגבי פני השטח הנבדק זהות לאלו שב<a href="/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%9C" title="שיטת ברינל">בדיקת ברינל</a>: ליטוש, מקבילות ניקיון.</li> <li>אין אפשרות של בדיקת שטחים לא מישוריים אלא רק באופן השוואתי היות שהאלכסונים אינם בעלי אורך אמיתי.</li> <li>עבור בדיקה מדויקת יש צורך במכשור מיקרוסקופי יקר ועבודה זהירה עם חודרן היהלום (מאוד שביר).</li> <li>לצורך דיוק יתר נהוג למדוד בעומסים שונים ולהשוות את התוצאות – גוזל זמן רב.</li> <li>היתרון העיקרי בשיטה זו הוא השימוש בחודרן יהלום, המאפשר בדיקה של קשיות חומרים קשים.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ראו_גם"><span id=".D7.A8.D7.90.D7.95_.D7.92.D7.9D"></span>ראו גם</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A1&action=edit&section=2" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: ראו גם"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A1&veaction=edit&section=2" title="עריכת פסקה: "ראו גם"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C" title="קשיות רוקוול">קשיות רוקוול</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="קישורים_חיצוניים"><span id=".D7.A7.D7.99.D7.A9.D7.95.D7.A8.D7.99.D7.9D_.D7.97.D7.99.D7.A6.D7.95.D7.A0.D7.99.D7.99.D7.9D"></span>קישורים חיצוניים</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A1&action=edit&section=3" title="עריכת קוד המקור של הפרק: קישורים חיצוניים"><span>עריכת קוד מקור</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%98%D7%AA_%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%A1&veaction=edit&section=3" title="עריכת פסקה: "קישורים חיצוניים"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>עריכה</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterwikilinkT"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/" title="ויקישיתוף"><img alt="ויקישיתוף" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> מדיה וקבצים בנושא <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vickers_hardness_test" class="extiw" 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