Encrypted Channel, Technique T1573 - Enterprise

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Check out the <a href='https://medium.com/mitre-attack/attack-v16-561c76af94cf'>blog post</a> for more information. </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-1 flex-shrink-0">   <div class="sidebar nav sticky-top flex-column pr-0 pt-4 pb-3 pl-3" id="v-tab" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical"> <div class="resizer" id="resizer"></div>  <div id="sidebars"></div>  </div> <div class="tab-content col-xl-9 pt-4" id="v-tabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-attckmatrix" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-attckmatrix-tab"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/enterprise">Techniques</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/enterprise">Enterprise</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item">Encrypted Channel</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1 id=""> Encrypted Channel </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8">  <div class="card-block pb-2"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header collapsed" id="subtechniques-card-header" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#subtechniques-card-body" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="subtechniques-card-body"> <h5 class="mb-0" id ="sub-techniques">Sub-techniques (2)</h5> </div> <div id="subtechniques-card-body" class="card-body p-0 collapse" aria-labelledby="subtechniques-card-header"> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1573/001/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1573.001"> T1573.001 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1573/001/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1573.001"> Symmetric Cryptography </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1573/002/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1573.002"> T1573.002 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1573/002/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1573.002"> Asymmetric Cryptography </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="description-body"> <p>Adversaries may employ an encryption algorithm to conceal command and control traffic rather than relying on any inherent protections provided by a communication protocol. Despite the use of a secure algorithm, these implementations may be vulnerable to reverse engineering if secret keys are encoded and/or generated within malware samples/configuration files.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row card-data" id="card-id"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID: </span>T1573 </div> </div>  <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Sub-techniques: </span> <a href="/techniques/T1573/001">T1573.001</a>, <a href="/techniques/T1573/002">T1573.002</a> </div> </div>  <div id="card-tactics" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The tactic objectives that the (sub-)technique can be used to accomplish">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Tactic:</span> <a href="/tactics/TA0011">Command and Control</a> </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The system an adversary is operating within; could be an operating system or application">ⓘ</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Platforms: </span>Linux, Network, Windows, macOS </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version: </span>1.1 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created: </span>16 March 2020 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified: </span>16 April 2024 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button live"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of T1573" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1573/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of T1573" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1573/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="examples">Procedure Examples</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0016"> G0016 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0016"> APT29 </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0016">APT29</a> has used multiple layers of encryption within malware to protect C2 communication.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON HEMLOCK. Retrieved February 22, 2022."data-reference="Secureworks IRON HEMLOCK Profile"><sup><a href="http://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-hemlock" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G1002"> G1002 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G1002"> BITTER </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G1002">BITTER</a> has encrypted their C2 communications.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Dela Paz, R. (2016, October 21). BITTER: a targeted attack against Pakistan. Retrieved June 1, 2022."data-reference="Forcepoint BITTER Pakistan Oct 2016"><sup><a href="https://www.forcepoint.com/blog/x-labs/bitter-targeted-attack-against-pakistan" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0631"> S0631 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0631"> Chaes </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0631">Chaes</a> has used encryption for its C2 channel.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Salem, E. (2020, November 17). CHAES: Novel Malware Targeting Latin American E-Commerce. Retrieved June 30, 2021."data-reference="Cybereason Chaes Nov 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/11-2020-Chaes-e-commerce-malware-research.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0498"> S0498 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0498"> Cryptoistic </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0498">Cryptoistic</a> can engage in encrypted communications with C2.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-4') id="scite-ref-4-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple’s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020."data-reference="SentinelOne Lazarus macOS July 2020"><sup><a href="https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="3" aria-describedby="qtip-3">[4]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0367"> S0367 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0367"> Emotet </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0367">Emotet</a> has encrypted data before sending to the C2 server.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-5') id="scite-ref-5-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Xiaopeng Zhang. (2017, May 3). Deep Analysis of New Emotet Variant – Part 1. Retrieved April 1, 2019."data-reference="Fortinet Emotet May 2017"><sup><a href="https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/deep-analysis-of-new-emotet-variant-part-1.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="4" aria-describedby="qtip-4">[5]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0032"> S0032 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0032"> gh0st RAT </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0032">gh0st RAT</a> has encrypted TCP communications to evade detection.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-6') id="scite-ref-6-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020."data-reference="Gh0stRAT ATT March 2019"><sup><a href="https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="5" aria-describedby="qtip-5">[6]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0035"> C0035 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0035"> KV Botnet Activity </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0035">KV Botnet Activity</a> command and control activity includes transmission of an RSA public key in communication from the server, but this is followed by subsequent negotiation stages that represent a form of handshake similar to TLS negotiation.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-7') id="scite-ref-7-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Black Lotus Labs. (2023, December 13). Routers Roasting On An Open Firewall: The KV-Botnet Investigation. Retrieved June 10, 2024."data-reference="Lumen KVBotnet 2023"><sup><a href="https://blog.lumen.com/routers-roasting-on-an-open-firewall-the-kv-botnet-investigation/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="6" aria-describedby="qtip-6">[7]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0681"> S0681 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0681"> Lizar </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0681">Lizar</a> can support encrypted communications between the client and server.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-8') id="scite-ref-8-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Seals, T. (2021, May 14). FIN7 Backdoor Masquerades as Ethical Hacking Tool. Retrieved February 2, 2022."data-reference="Threatpost Lizar May 2021"><sup><a href="https://threatpost.com/fin7-backdoor-ethical-hacking-tool/166194/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="7" aria-describedby="qtip-7">[8]</a></sup></span><span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-9') id="scite-ref-9-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="BI.ZONE Cyber Threats Research Team. (2021, May 13). From pentest to APT attack: cybercriminal group FIN7 disguises its malware as an ethical hacker’s toolkit. Retrieved February 2, 2022."data-reference="BiZone Lizar May 2021"><sup><a href="https://bi-zone.medium.com/from-pentest-to-apt-attack-cybercriminal-group-fin7-disguises-its-malware-as-an-ethical-hackers-c23c9a75e319" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="8" aria-describedby="qtip-8">[9]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S1016"> S1016 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S1016"> MacMa </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1016">MacMa</a> has used TLS encryption to initialize a custom protocol for C2 communications.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-10') id="scite-ref-10-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="M.Léveillé, M., Cherepanov, A.. (2022, January 25). Watering hole deploys new macOS malware, DazzleSpy, in Asia. Retrieved May 6, 2022."data-reference="ESET DazzleSpy Jan 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/01/25/watering-hole-deploys-new-macos-malware-dazzlespy-asia/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="9" aria-describedby="qtip-9">[10]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0059"> G0059 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0059"> Magic Hound </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0059">Magic Hound</a> has used an encrypted http proxy in C2 communications.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-11') id="scite-ref-11-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="DFIR Report. (2021, November 15). Exchange Exploit Leads to Domain Wide Ransomware. Retrieved January 5, 2023."data-reference="DFIR Phosphorus November 2021"><sup><a href="https://thedfirreport.com/2021/11/15/exchange-exploit-leads-to-domain-wide-ransomware/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="10" aria-describedby="qtip-10">[11]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0198"> S0198 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0198"> NETWIRE </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0198">NETWIRE</a> can encrypt C2 communications.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-12') id="scite-ref-12-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Lambert, T. (2020, January 29). Intro to Netwire. Retrieved January 7, 2021."data-reference="Red Canary NETWIRE January 2020"><sup><a href="https://redcanary.com/blog/netwire-remote-access-trojan-on-linux/" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="11" aria-describedby="qtip-11">[12]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S1012"> S1012 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S1012"> PowerLess </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1012">PowerLess</a> can use an encrypted channel for C2 communications.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-13') id="scite-ref-13-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Cybereason Nocturnus. (2022, February 1). PowerLess Trojan: Iranian APT Phosphorus Adds New PowerShell Backdoor for Espionage. Retrieved June 1, 2022."data-reference="Cybereason PowerLess February 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.cybereason.com/blog/research/powerless-trojan-iranian-apt-phosphorus-adds-new-powershell-backdoor-for-espionage" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="12" aria-describedby="qtip-12">[13]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S1046"> S1046 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S1046"> PowGoop </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S1046">PowGoop</a> can receive encrypted commands from C2.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-14') id="scite-ref-14-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="FBI, CISA, CNMF, NCSC-UK. (2022, February 24). Iranian Government-Sponsored Actors Conduct Cyber Operations Against Global Government and Commercial Networks. Retrieved September 27, 2022."data-reference="DHS CISA AA22-055A MuddyWater February 2022"><sup><a href="https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-055a" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="13" aria-describedby="qtip-13">[14]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0662"> S0662 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0662"> RCSession </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/software/S0662">RCSession</a> can use an encrypted beacon to check in with C2.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-15') id="scite-ref-15-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, December 29). BRONZE PRESIDENT Targets NGOs. Retrieved April 13, 2021."data-reference="Secureworks BRONZE PRESIDENT December 2019"><sup><a href="https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-president-targets-ngos" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="14" aria-describedby="qtip-14">[15]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0030"> C0030 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/campaigns/C0030"> Triton Safety Instrumented System Attack </a> </td> <td> <p>In the <a href="https://attack.mitre.org/campaigns/C0030">Triton Safety Instrumented System Attack</a>, <a href="/groups/G0088">TEMP.Veles</a> used cryptcat binaries to encrypt their traffic.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-16') id="scite-ref-16-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019."data-reference="FireEye TEMP.Veles 2018"><sup><a href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="15" aria-describedby="qtip-15">[16]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/groups/G0081"> G0081 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/groups/G0081"> Tropic Trooper </a> </td> <td> <p><a href="/groups/G0081">Tropic Trooper</a> has encrypted traffic with the C2 to prevent network detection.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-17') id="scite-ref-17-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper’s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020."data-reference="TrendMicro Tropic Trooper May 2020"><sup><a href="https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="16" aria-describedby="qtip-16">[17]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="mitigations">Mitigations</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Mitigation</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1031"> M1031 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1031"> Network Intrusion Prevention </a> </td> <td> <p>Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate activity at the network level.</p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1020"> M1020 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1020"> SSL/TLS Inspection </a> </td> <td> <p>SSL/TLS inspection can be used to see the contents of encrypted sessions to look for network-based indicators of malware communication protocols.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="detection">Detection</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table datasources-table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">ID</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Source</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Component</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Detects</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0029"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0029">DS0029</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0029">Network Traffic</a> </td>  <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0029/#Network%20Traffic%20Content">Network Traffic Content</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s) that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Consider correlation with process monitoring and command line to detect anomalous processes execution and command line arguments associated to traffic patterns (e.g. monitor anomalies in use of files that do not normally initiate connections for respective protocol(s)).</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="http://www.secureworks.com/research/threat-profiles/iron-hemlock" target="_blank"> Secureworks CTU. (n.d.). IRON HEMLOCK. Retrieved February 22, 2022. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="https://www.forcepoint.com/blog/x-labs/bitter-targeted-attack-against-pakistan" target="_blank"> Dela Paz, R. (2016, October 21). BITTER: a targeted attack against Pakistan. Retrieved June 1, 2022. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-3" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-3" href="https://www.cybereason.com/hubfs/dam/collateral/reports/11-2020-Chaes-e-commerce-malware-research.pdf" target="_blank"> Salem, E. (2020, November 17). CHAES: Novel Malware Targeting Latin American E-Commerce. Retrieved June 30, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-4" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-4" href="https://www.sentinelone.com/blog/four-distinct-families-of-lazarus-malware-target-apples-macos-platform/" target="_blank"> Stokes, P. (2020, July 27). Four Distinct Families of Lazarus Malware Target Apple’s macOS Platform. Retrieved August 7, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-5" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-5" href="https://www.fortinet.com/blog/threat-research/deep-analysis-of-new-emotet-variant-part-1.html" target="_blank"> Xiaopeng Zhang. (2017, May 3). Deep Analysis of New Emotet Variant – Part 1. Retrieved April 1, 2019. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-6" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-6" href="https://cybersecurity.att.com/blogs/labs-research/the-odd-case-of-a-gh0strat-variant" target="_blank"> Quinn, J. (2019, March 25). The odd case of a Gh0stRAT variant. Retrieved July 15, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-7" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-7" href="https://blog.lumen.com/routers-roasting-on-an-open-firewall-the-kv-botnet-investigation/" target="_blank"> Black Lotus Labs. (2023, December 13). Routers Roasting On An Open Firewall: The KV-Botnet Investigation. Retrieved June 10, 2024. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-8" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-8" href="https://threatpost.com/fin7-backdoor-ethical-hacking-tool/166194/" target="_blank"> Seals, T. (2021, May 14). FIN7 Backdoor Masquerades as Ethical Hacking Tool. Retrieved February 2, 2022. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-9" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-9" href="https://bi-zone.medium.com/from-pentest-to-apt-attack-cybercriminal-group-fin7-disguises-its-malware-as-an-ethical-hackers-c23c9a75e319" target="_blank"> BI.ZONE Cyber Threats Research Team. (2021, May 13). From pentest to APT attack: cybercriminal group FIN7 disguises its malware as an ethical hacker’s toolkit. Retrieved February 2, 2022. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> <ol start="10.0"> <li> <span id="scite-10" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-10" href="https://www.welivesecurity.com/2022/01/25/watering-hole-deploys-new-macos-malware-dazzlespy-asia/" target="_blank"> M.Léveillé, M., Cherepanov, A.. (2022, January 25). Watering hole deploys new macOS malware, DazzleSpy, in Asia. Retrieved May 6, 2022. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-11" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-11" href="https://thedfirreport.com/2021/11/15/exchange-exploit-leads-to-domain-wide-ransomware/" target="_blank"> DFIR Report. (2021, November 15). Exchange Exploit Leads to Domain Wide Ransomware. Retrieved January 5, 2023. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-12" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-12" href="https://redcanary.com/blog/netwire-remote-access-trojan-on-linux/" target="_blank"> Lambert, T. (2020, January 29). Intro to Netwire. Retrieved January 7, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-13" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-13" href="https://www.cybereason.com/blog/research/powerless-trojan-iranian-apt-phosphorus-adds-new-powershell-backdoor-for-espionage" target="_blank"> Cybereason Nocturnus. (2022, February 1). PowerLess Trojan: Iranian APT Phosphorus Adds New PowerShell Backdoor for Espionage. Retrieved June 1, 2022. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-14" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-14" href="https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/ncas/alerts/aa22-055a" target="_blank"> FBI, CISA, CNMF, NCSC-UK. (2022, February 24). Iranian Government-Sponsored Actors Conduct Cyber Operations Against Global Government and Commercial Networks. Retrieved September 27, 2022. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-15" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-15" href="https://www.secureworks.com/research/bronze-president-targets-ngos" target="_blank"> Counter Threat Unit Research Team. (2019, December 29). BRONZE PRESIDENT Targets NGOs. Retrieved April 13, 2021. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-16" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-16" href="https://www.fireeye.com/blog/threat-research/2018/10/triton-attribution-russian-government-owned-lab-most-likely-built-tools.html" target="_blank"> FireEye Intelligence . (2018, October 23). TRITON Attribution: Russian Government-Owned Lab Most Likely Built Custom Intrusion Tools for TRITON Attackers. Retrieved April 16, 2019. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-17" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-17" href="https://documents.trendmicro.com/assets/Tech-Brief-Tropic-Trooper-s-Back-USBferry-Attack-Targets-Air-gapped-Environments.pdf" target="_blank"> Chen, J.. (2020, May 12). Tropic Trooper’s Back: USBferry Attack Targets Air gapped Environments. Retrieved May 20, 2020. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>   <div class="overlay search" id="search-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="overlay-inner">  <div class="search-header"> <div class="search-input"> <input type="text" id="search-input" placeholder="search"> </div> <div class="search-icons"> <div class="search-parsing-icon spinner-border" style="display: none" id="search-parsing-icon"></div> <div class="close-search-icon" id="close-search-icon">×</div> </div> </div>  <div id="search-body" class="search-body"> <div class="results" id="search-results">  </div> <div id="load-more-results" class="load-more-results"> <button class="btn btn-default" id="load-more-results-button">load more results</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-1">  <footer class="col footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2"> <div class="footer-center-responsive my-auto"> <a href="https://www.mitre.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="MITRE"> <img src="/theme/images/mitrelogowhiteontrans.gif" class="mitre-logo-wtrans"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 footer-responsive-break"></div> <div class="footer-link-group"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/engage-with-attack/contact" class="footer-link">Contact Us</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/legal-and-branding/terms-of-use" class="footer-link">Terms of Use</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/legal-and-branding/privacy" class="footer-link">Privacy Policy</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/changelog.html" class="footer-link" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" data-html="true" title="ATT&CK content v16.1Website v4.2.1">Website Changelog</a></u> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <small class="px-3"> © 2015 - 2024, The MITRE Corporation. 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