CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="oc" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Escolastica — Wikipèdia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ocwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"oc normal","wgMonthNames":["","genièr","febrièr","març","abril","mai","junh","julhet","agost","setembre","octobre","novembre","decembre"],"wgRequestId":"04a5c57f-5052-473c-bcd1-f0b13039d24c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Escolastica","wgTitle":"Escolastica","wgCurRevisionId":2398136,"wgRevisionId":2398136,"wgArticleId":171314,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":[],"wgPageViewLanguage":"oc","wgPageContentLanguage":"oc","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Escolastica","wgRelevantArticleId":171314,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"oc", "pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"oc"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q41679","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=oc&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/St_Thomas_d%27Aquin_%281225-1274%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1702"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/St_Thomas_d%27Aquin_%281225-1274%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1135"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="908"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Escolastica — Wikipèdia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//oc.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escolastica"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modificar" href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipèdia (oc)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//oc.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escolastica"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.oc"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Flux Atom de Wikipèdia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Escolastica rootpage-Escolastica skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Vejatz lo contengut</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menut principal/Menut principau" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menut principal/Menut principau</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menut principal/Menut principau</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-Navigacion" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Navigacion" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigacion </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Acuèlh" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Acuèlh</span></a></li><li id="n-La-tavèrna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:La_tav%C3%A8rna"><span>La tavèrna</span></a></li><li id="n-thema" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Acu%C3%A8lh"><span>Portals tematics</span></a></li><li id="n-alphindex" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Totas_las_paginas"><span>Indèx alfabetic</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Pagina_a_l%27azard" title="Afichar una pagina a l'azard [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Una pagina a l'azard</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Contact-url"><span>contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Contribuir" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Contribuir" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribuir </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Somari" title="L'endrech per s'assabentar."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh" title="A prepaus del projècte, çò que podètz far, ont trobar d'informacions"><span>Comunautat</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Darri%C3%A8rs_cambiaments" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments sul wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Darrièrs cambiaments</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutwp" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Acu%C3%A8lh_dels_nov%C3%A8ls_venguts"><span>Acuèlh dels novèls venguts</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Acu%C3%A8lh" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipèdia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-oc.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.1875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="l'enciclopèdia liura" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-oc.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Rec%C3%A8rca" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Recercar</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" aria-label="Recercar sus Wikipèdia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cercar dins Wikipèdia [C]" accesskey="C" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Recèrca"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Recercar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Aisinas personalas"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifier l'apparence de la taille, de la largeur et de la couleur de la police de la page" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc" class=""><span>Far un don</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Escolastica" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri" class=""><span>Crear un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Escolastica" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Se connectar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Més opcions" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aisinas personalas" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aisinas personalas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menú d'usuari" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_oc.wikipedia.org&uselang=oc"><span>Far un don</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crear_un_compte&returnto=Escolastica" title="Vos es conselhat de crear un compte e de vos connectar ; pasmens, es pas obligatòri"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Crear un compte</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Nom_d%27utilizaire&returnto=Escolastica" title="Sètz convidat(ada) a vos identificar, mas es pas obligatòri. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Se connectar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_contribucions" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mas_discussions" title="La pagina de discussion per aquesta adreça IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Somari" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Somari</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Començament</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Descripcion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Descripcion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Descripcion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Descripcion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_pensada_aristoteliciana_e_l’escolastica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_pensada_aristoteliciana_e_l’escolastica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>La pensada aristoteliciana e l’escolastica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_pensada_aristoteliciana_e_l’escolastica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quatre_periòdes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quatre_periòdes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Quatre periòdes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Quatre_periòdes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Quatre periòdes</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Quatre_periòdes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Escolastica_primitiva:_començament_del_sègle_XI_fin_del_XII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Escolastica_primitiva:_començament_del_sègle_XI_fin_del_XII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Escolastica primitiva: començament del sègle XI fin del XII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Escolastica_primitiva:_començament_del_sègle_XI_fin_del_XII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Granda_escolastica:_de_la_fin_del_sègle_XIIe_a_la_fin_del_XIII" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Granda_escolastica:_de_la_fin_del_sègle_XIIe_a_la_fin_del_XIII"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Granda escolastica: de la fin del sègle XIIe a la fin del XIII</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Granda_escolastica:_de_la_fin_del_sègle_XIIe_a_la_fin_del_XIII-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Escolastica_tardièra:_lo_sègle_XIV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Escolastica_tardièra:_lo_sègle_XIV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Escolastica tardièra: lo sègle XIV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Escolastica_tardièra:_lo_sègle_XIV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_partir_del_sègle_XV" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_partir_del_sègle_XV"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>A partir del sègle XV</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A_partir_del_sègle_XV-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posteritat_de_la_concepcion_escolastica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posteritat_de_la_concepcion_escolastica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Posteritat de la concepcion escolastica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posteritat_de_la_concepcion_escolastica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filosòfs_escolastics_màger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosòfs_escolastics_màger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Filosòfs escolastics màger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filosòfs_escolastics_màger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vejatz_tanben" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vejatz_tanben"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Vejatz tanben</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vejatz_tanben-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Vejatz tanben</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vejatz_tanben-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_conèxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_conèxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Articles conèxes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_conèxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligams_extèrnes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Ligams extèrnes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligams_extèrnes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Escolastica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 79 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-79" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">79 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastiek" title="Skolastiek - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Skolastiek" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_(%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A9)" title="مدرسية (فلسفة) - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدرسية (فلسفة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%87" title="سكولايه - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سكولايه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escol%C3%A1stica" title="Escolástica - asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Escolástica" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sxolastika" title="Sxolastika - azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sxolastika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="اسکولاستیک - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اسکولاستیک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Схаластыка - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Схаластыка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrasiah" title="Madrasiah - betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Madrasiah" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Схоластика - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Схоластика" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastika" title="Skolastika - bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Skolastika" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escol%C3%A0stica" title="Escolàstica - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Escolàstica" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="سکۆلاستیزم - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سکۆلاستیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholastika" title="Scholastika - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Scholastika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Схоластика - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Схоластика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysgolaeth" title="Ysgolaeth - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ysgolaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastik" title="Skolastik - danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Skolastik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholastik" title="Scholastik - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Scholastik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CF%87%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Σχολαστικισμός - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σχολαστικισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Scholasticism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastiko" title="Skolastiko - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Skolastiko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escol%C3%A1stica" title="Escolástica - espanhòl" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Escolástica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhòl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastika" title="Skolastika - estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Skolastika" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskolastika" title="Eskolastika - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eskolastika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="فلسفه مدرسی - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فلسفه مدرسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastiikka" title="Skolastiikka - finlandés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Skolastiikka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scolastique" title="Scolastique - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Scolastique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastyk" title="Skolastyk - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Skolastyk" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escol%C3%A1stica_(filosof%C3%ADa)" title="Escolástica (filosofía) - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Escolástica (filosofía)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94" title="סכולסטיקה - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סכולסטיקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="विद्वतावाद - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्वतावाद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastika" title="Skolastika - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Skolastika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolasztikus_filoz%C3%B3fia" title="Skolasztikus filozófia - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Skolasztikus filozófia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Սխոլաստիկա - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սխոլաստիկա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholastica" title="Scholastica - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Scholastica" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastisisme" title="Skolastisisme - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Skolastisisme" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scolastica" title="Scolastica - interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Scolastica" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastikismo" title="Skolastikismo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Skolastikismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%B3laspeki" title="Skólaspeki - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Skólaspeki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scolastica_(filosofia)" title="Scolastica (filosofia) - italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Scolastica (filosofia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B3%E3%83%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="スコラ学 - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スコラ学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="სქოლასტიკა - georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სქოლასტიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orta_%C3%A1sir_sxolastikas%C4%B1" title="Orta ásir sxolastikası - karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Orta ásir sxolastikası" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Схоластика - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Схоластика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EC%BD%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%A3%BC%EC%9D%98" title="스콜라주의 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스콜라주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Схоластика - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Схоластика" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholastica_(philosophia)" title="Scholastica (philosophia) - latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Scholastica (philosophia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholastika" title="Scholastika - lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Scholastika" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sholastika" title="Sholastika - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sholastika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%B4lastika" title="Skôlastika - malgash" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Skôlastika" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Схоластика - macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Схоластика" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="സ്കൊളാസ്റ്റിസിസം - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്കൊളാസ്റ്റിസിസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholastiek" title="Scholastiek - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Scholastiek" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastikk" title="Skolastikk - norvegian nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Skolastikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegian nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastikk" title="Skolastikk - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Skolastikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escol%C3%A2tique" title="Escolâtique - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Escolâtique" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਵਿਦਵਤਾਵਾਦ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਵਿਦਵਤਾਵਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholastyka_(filozofia)" title="Scholastyka (filozofia) - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Scholastyka (filozofia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%9A%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%87_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%87" title="ښوونیزه فلسفه - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ښوونیزه فلسفه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escol%C3%A1stica" title="Escolástica - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Escolástica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scolastic%C4%83" title="Scolastică - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Scolastică" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Схоластика - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Схоластика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%BE%D9%84_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="اھل علميت - sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اھل علميت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastika" title="Skolastika - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Skolastika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Scholasticism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholastika_(filozofia)" title="Scholastika (filozofia) - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Scholastika (filozofia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastika" title="Skolastika - albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Skolastika" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Схоластика - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Схоластика" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastik" title="Skolastik - suedés" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Skolastik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teolojia_ya_shule" title="Teolojia ya shule - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Teolojia ya shule" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="ลัทธิอัสมาจารย์ - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลัทธิอัสมาจารย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skolastik_felsefe" title="Skolastik felsefe - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Skolastik felsefe" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Схоластика - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Схоластика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%88%D9%84_%D9%85%D8%AA%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اصول متکلمین - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اصول متکلمین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sxolastika" title="Sxolastika - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sxolastika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri%E1%BA%BFt_h%E1%BB%8Dc_kinh_vi%E1%BB%87n" title="Triết học kinh viện - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Triết học kinh viện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskolastika" title="Eskolastika - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Eskolastika" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%BA%E8%88%8D%E5%AD%A6%E6%B4%BE" title="寺舍学派 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="寺舍学派" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%99%A2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6" title="经院哲学 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="经院哲学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%99%A2%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="經院哲學 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="經院哲學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41679#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Escolastica" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Escolastica&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Escolastica"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bóstia d'aisinas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bóstia d'aisinas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aisinas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mai d'opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Escolastica"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=history"><span>Veire l'istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generau </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_ligadas/Escolastica" title="Lista de las paginas ligadas a aquesta. [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Paginas connèxas</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguit_dels_ligams/Escolastica" rel="nofollow" title="Lista dels darrièrs cambiaments de las paginas ligadas a aquesta [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Seguit dels ligams</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=oc" title="Mandar un imatge o fichièr mèdia sul servidor [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Importar un fichièr</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Paginas_especialas" title="Lista de totas las paginas especialas [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Paginas especialas</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&oldid=2398136" title="Ligam permanent cap a aquesta version de la pagina"><span>Ligam permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=info" title="Mai d’informacion sus aquesta pagina"><span>Informacion sus la pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Escolastica&id=2398136&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacions sus cossí citar aquesta pagina"><span>Citar aqueste article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEscolastica"><span>Obténer una URL acorchida</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Foc.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEscolastica"><span>Telecargar lo còdi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir / exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Libre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Escolastica"><span>Crear un libre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Escolastica&action=show-download-screen"><span>Telecargar coma PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&printable=yes" title="Version imprimibla d'aquesta pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimibla</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dins d'autres projèctes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Scholasticism" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41679" title="Ligam cap a l’element de referencial de las donadas connectadas [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mòu a la barra laterala</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">Escondre</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:St_Thomas_d%27Aquin_(1225-1274).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/St_Thomas_d%27Aquin_%281225-1274%29.jpg/200px-St_Thomas_d%27Aquin_%281225-1274%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/62/St_Thomas_d%27Aquin_%281225-1274%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="383" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A0s_d%27Aquin" title="Tomàs d'Aquin">Sant Tomas d'Aquin</a> (1225-1274).</figcaption></figure> <p>L’<b>escolastica</b> (del <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> <i>schola</i>, <i>ae</i>, « escòla », eissit del grèc <i>σχολή</i>, skolê, que significa « arrèst de trabalh », o alara « léser consacrat l'estudi ») es la <a href="/wiki/Filosofia" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a> desvolopada e ensenhada a l’<a href="/wiki/Edat_Mejana" title="Edat Mejana">Edat Mejana</a> dins las <a href="/wiki/Universitat" title="Universitat">universitats</a>: a per objectiu de conciliar l'apòrt de la filosofia grèga (subretot l'ensenhament d'<a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B2tel" title="Aristòtel">Aristòtel</a> e dels <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peripateticians&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peripateticians (la pagina existís pas)">peripateticians</a>) amb la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Teologia_crestiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teologia crestiana (la pagina existís pas)">teologia crestiana</a> eritada dels Paires de la Glèisa e d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans%C3%A8lm_de_Cantorbury&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansèlm de Cantorbury (la pagina existís pas)">Ansèlm de Cantorbury</a>. D’aqueste fach, se pòt dire qu'es un corrent de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofia_medievala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofia medievala (la pagina existís pas)">filosofia medievala</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descripcion">Descripcion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Descripcion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Descripcion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo tèrme d’« escolastica », venent del tèrme <i>schola</i>, eissit del <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8c_ancian" title="Grèc ancian">grèc</a> <i>scholê</i> al sens d’òci, de temps liure, d’inactivitat, que – mai tardièrament – significa: « téner escòla, far de leissons ». Es qu’en efièch, a l’Edat Mejana, sols los religioses avián la « scholê », es a dire le léser d’estudiar, daissant als autres (lo clergat seculièr, los fraires converses, los laïcs…) lo sonh – reputat subaltèrne – de s’ocupar dels afars materials. </p><p>Una de las basas de l’escolastica es l'estudi de la <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ADblia" title="Bíblia">Bíblia</a>. Aqueste de la Septuaginta fuguèt traduch de l'<a href="/wiki/Ebrieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebrieu">ebrieu</a> en <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8c_ancian" title="Grèc ancian">grèc</a> à <a href="/wiki/Alex%C3%A0ndria" title="Alexàndria">Alexandria</a>. L'Ancian Testament fuguèt enseguida traduch de l'ebrieu en latin per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jer%C3%B2ni_d%E2%80%99Estridon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeròni d’Estridon (la pagina existís pas)">Jeròni d’Estridon</a>, que revisèt tanben una anciana version en latin del Nòu Testament<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, çò que donèt la Vulgata. La Vulgata ven lo tèxte de referéncia absoluda pels pensaires latins de l’Edat Mejana. Sonque accessible als letrats, es lo fondament incontestat d’estudis. Son tanben someses a l'estudi escolastica l'ensenhament oficial de la Glèisa, per exemple las decisions dels concilis; los escrichs dels sants, coma <a href="/wiki/Agustin_d%27Ip%C3%B2na" title="Agustin d'Ipòna">Agustin</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Ilari_de_Peitieu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint Ilari de Peitieu (la pagina existís pas)">Ilari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greg%C3%B2ri_Ier" title="Gregòri Ier">Gregòri</a>; los tractats atribuits a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Den%C3%ADs_l%27Areopagita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Denís l'Areopagita (la pagina existís pas)">Denís l'Areopagita</a>, e subretot los quatre libres de las Senténcias, ont <a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A8ire_Lombard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pèire Lombard (la pagina existís pas)">Pèire Lombard</a> aviá renjat, vèrs 1150, l'ensemble de las donadas e de problèmas de la fe crestiana tal coma avián estat determinats, discutits, entenduts, pels màger pensaires de la Glèisa<sup id="cite_ref-Jolivet_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolivet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La reconciliacion entre Aristòtel, « lo divin doctor » e la fe crestiana passa per exemple per l’assag de resòlvre las tensions entre <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofia_primi%C3%A8ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofia primièra (la pagina existís pas)">filosofia primièra</a> (segon <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B2tel" title="Aristòtel">Aristòtel</a>) e <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologia</a>, autrament dich entre una <a href="/wiki/Metafisica" title="Metafisica">metafisica</a> generala (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofia_primi%C3%A8ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofia primièra (la pagina existís pas)">filosofia primièra</a> nomenada mai tard <a href="/wiki/Ontologia" title="Ontologia">ontologia</a>, o ontosofia) e una sciéncia de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%88sser" title="Èsser">èsser</a> per excelléncia (mai tard, <i>metaphysica specialis</i>, la <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologia</a>). </p><p>Aquesta reconciliacion amb la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofia_primi%C3%A8ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofia primièra (la pagina existís pas)">filosofia primièra</a> es presentada dins la <i>Soma teologica</i> de <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A0s_d%27Aquin" title="Tomàs d'Aquin">Tomàs d'Aquin</a>. Al centre d’aqueste obratge, i a una <a href="/wiki/Creacion_segon_la_Gen%C3%A8si" title="Creacion segon la Genèsi">teologia de la Creacion</a> (<i>prima pars</i>: Dieu, la creacion). La reconciliacion es somesa a la ierarquia agustiniana: « Se cresètz pas, comprendrètz pas »<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> citant Is 7,9. Il s'agís primièr de comprene melhor la fe crestiana a la lutz de la filosofia antica. Tomàs precisa mai que la filosofia, cerca de veritat, pòt presentar de dangièr per la religion que segon el <i>es</i> la vertat: pòt al contrari sonque i menar. La filosofia se traparà donc <i>in fine</i> al servici de la revelacion. Las basas que pren Tomàs son los tèxtes sagrats, e donc lo trabalh filosofic de la <i>Soma</i> consistís, al mejan de questions successivas, a ne deboscar las contradiccions aparentas e a las resòlvre per un vejaire que s'aparenta a çò que serà la <a href="/wiki/Dialectica" title="Dialectica">dialectica</a> de <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Friedrich_Hegel" title="Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel">Hegel</a> (utilizant d'autras basas). </p><p>L’escolastica compòrta diferentas formas: la <i>lectio</i> de tèxtes, ls comentaris, la <i>quaestio</i>, la <i>disputatio</i> o question disputida, las questions quodlibetals e las somas. </p><p>La <i>lectio</i> consistís a explicar los tèxtes fondamentals de l'ensenhament (la Bíblia, Pèire Lombard, Aristòtel mai tard, etc.) gaireben mot a mot. Lo tèxte es divisat en sas diferentas partidas, puèi comentat dins lo detalh; enfin los problèmas que pausa son examinats. Los comentaris son destinats a far comprene d’òbras (de natura religiosas, filosoficas, scientificas) consideradas coma fondamentalas. Permet de resòlvre un problèma segon un esquèma rigorosament reglat, dels problèmas de teologia o de filosofia. </p><p>La <i>quaestio</i> apatéis al començament del sègle XII. La tecnica n’es perfièchament realizada al sègle XIII<sup id="cite_ref-Jolivet_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jolivet-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. La <i>quaestio</i> es lo fach del mèstre sol. Quand i sont mesclats d'autres actors, pren la forma de la <i>disputatio</i>, somesa a de reglaments universitaris. precises. </p><p>La <i>disputatio</i> representa une competicion, una targa verbala entre dos doctors e lors estudiants sus un subjècte de teologia, de filosofia o de drech. Una soma es lo resumit sistematic d'un ensemble doctrinal, resumit que pòt èsser fòrça long. </p><p>Es sus l'aspècte formalista de la <i>disputatio</i> que se concentrarà la critica racionalista e modèrna de l’escolastica. Son metòde es en efièch una pura especulacion intellectuala, fondada exclusivament sul comentari de tèxtes o lo comentari de comentaris, s'interdisent tot agach dirècte sul real. Aquesta logica formala<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pòt pas se prevaler de pas cap de validitat al subjècte de la compreneson e l’espandiment d’un predicat. Es l’actitud que <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> combatèt al subjècte dels sofistas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="La_pensada_aristoteliciana_e_l’escolastica"><span id="La_pensada_aristoteliciana_e_l.E2.80.99escolastica"></span>La pensada aristoteliciana e l’escolastica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : La pensada aristoteliciana e l’escolastica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: La pensada aristoteliciana e l’escolastica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo desvelopament de l’escolastica foguèt subretot subordonat a la penetracion d’<a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B2tel" title="Aristòtel">Aristòtel</a> en Euròpa, e tanben a las traduccions dels filosòfs josieus e arabs (coma <a href="/wiki/Avicena" title="Avicena">Avicena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Averro%C3%A8s" title="Averroès">Averroès</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maimonides" title="Maimonides">Maimonides</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L’installacion de la fisica e de la metafisica d’Aristòtel en Occident provoquèt una veriai « revolucion »<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quatre_periòdes"><span id="Quatre_peri.C3.B2des"></span>Quatre periòdes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Quatre periòdes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Quatre periòdes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo desvelopament de l’escolastica es intimament ligat a aqueste de las universitats. Atal l’escolastica es un produch universitari, al sens institucional e social a l’encòp. L'empresa de l’escolastica se divisís en quatre grands periòdes, quitament se l'influéncia d’aqueste s'espandís al delà. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Escolastica_primitiva:_començament_del_sègle_XI_fin_del_XII"><span id="Escolastica_primitiva:_comen.C3.A7ament_del_s.C3.A8gle_XI_fin_del_XII"></span>Escolastica primitiva: començament del sègle XI fin del XII</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Escolastica primitiva: començament del sègle XI fin del XII" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Escolastica primitiva: començament del sègle XI fin del XII"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo primièr periòde, que sembla començar subretot amb la figura d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Ans%C3%A8lm_de_Cantorbery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ansèlm de Cantorbery (la pagina existís pas)">Ansèlm de Cantorbery</a>, es marcada per la <a href="/wiki/Universal_(metafisica)" title="Universal (metafisica)">Querèla dels universals</a>, opausant los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Realisme_(filosofia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realisme (filosofia) (la pagina existís pas)">realistas</a>, menats per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_de_Champeaux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guilhèm de Champeaux (la pagina existís pas)">Guilhèm de Champeaux</a>, als <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nominalisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nominalisme (la pagina existís pas)">nominalistas</a>, representats per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roscelin_de_Compenha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roscelin de Compenha (la pagina existís pas)">Roscelin</a>, e als conceptualistas (<a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A8ire_Abelard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pèire Abelard (la pagina existís pas)">Pèire Abelard</a>). Mas la forma veraiament preparatòria a l’escolastica foguèt l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Esc%C3%B2la_de_Chartres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escòla de Chartres (la pagina existís pas)">escòla de Chartres</a> que tornèt descobrir Aristòtel<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Aquest periòde marca tanben l'apogèu de las exegèsis medievalas. Aquestas interpretavan las Santas Escrituras mejans lo metòde escolastic que revelava son quadruple sens: literal, allegoric, tropologic, e anagogic. Cadun dels quatre sens èra conegut practicat dempuèi longtemps, mas aquesta doctrina dels <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quatre_sens_de_l%27Escritura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quatre sens de l'Escritura (la pagina existís pas)">quatre sens de l'Escritura</a> preconisava una interpretacion pluriala del tèxte de la <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ADblia" title="Bíblia">Bíblia</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uc_de_Sant_Victor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uc de Sant Victor (la pagina existís pas)">Uc de Sant Victor</a> l'utilizèt (<i>De Scripturis</i>). </p><p>Las òbras d'<a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B2tel" title="Aristòtel">Aristòtel</a> son traduchas (mentretant que los tractats scientifics grècs e arabomusulmans) per d’equipas de filosòfs crestians, josieus e arabs. Son marcadas per l'influéncia de <a href="/wiki/Platon" title="Platon">Platon</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Plotin" title="Plotin">Plotin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Granda_escolastica:_de_la_fin_del_sègle_XIIe_a_la_fin_del_XIII"><span id="Granda_escolastica:_de_la_fin_del_s.C3.A8gle_XIIe_a_la_fin_del_XIII"></span>Granda escolastica: de la fin del sègle XIIe a la fin del XIII</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Granda escolastica: de la fin del sègle XIIe a la fin del XIII" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Granda escolastica: de la fin del sègle XIIe a la fin del XIII"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aqueste segond periòde es considerat coma l'apogèu de l’escolastica. Es alara nomenat la granda escolastic. A partir de 1230, las òbras d'Aristòtel, principalas representantas de l’escolastica, son traduchas del <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8c_ancian" title="Grèc ancian">grèc</a> en <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> per <a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a>, verai introductor de la pensada del filosòfs, e per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guilh%C3%A8m_de_Moerbeke&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guilhèm de Moerbeke (la pagina existís pas)">Guilhèm de Moerbeke</a>, secretari de <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A0s_d%27Aquin" title="Tomàs d'Aquin">Tomàs d'Aquin</a>, e introduchas dins las <a href="/wiki/Universitat" title="Universitat">universitats</a>. </p><p>Diferentas sensibiliats s’exprimiguèron a partir d’aquesta epòca. Se nòta per exemple que <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob%C3%A8rt_Grosseteste&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Robèrt Grosseteste (la pagina existís pas)">Robèrt Grosseteste</a>, a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lincoln_(Reialme_Unit)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lincoln (Reialme Unit) (la pagina existís pas)">Lincoln (Reialme Unit)</a>, e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_Bacon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger Bacon (la pagina existís pas)">Roger Bacon</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a>, mai portadas cap a l'<a href="/wiki/Experi%C3%A9ncia" title="Experiéncia">experiéncia</a> que cap a l’especulacion pura, avián identificat unas errors comesas per <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B2tel" title="Aristòtel">Aristòtel</a> al subjècte dels fenomèns naturals, çò qui los empachava pas de reconéisser l'importança de la filosofia d'<a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B2tel" title="Aristòtel">Aristòtel</a>. Pasmens, a la fin del sègle XIII, la màger preocupacion dels universitaris es de remandar radicalament l'univèrs necessari dels Grècs e dels Arabs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Escolastica_tardièra:_lo_sègle_XIV"><span id="Escolastica_tardi.C3.A8ra:_lo_s.C3.A8gle_XIV"></span>Escolastica tardièra: lo sègle XIV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Escolastica tardièra: lo sègle XIV" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Escolastica tardièra: lo sègle XIV"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lo tresen periòde es una fasa de retirada. Lo darrièr grand representant de l’escolastica, <a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">Duns Scot</a>, sosten l'idèa segon que Dieu es infinit e la creatura finida, sus un mèsme plan ontologic. Se vei lo pensaire <a href="/wiki/Guilh%C3%A8m_d%27Occam" title="Guilhèm d'Occam">Guilhèm d'Occam</a> prene posicion pels nominalistas, e fondar una <i>via moderna</i> que s'opausa a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomisme (la pagina existís pas)">tomisme</a>, destriant mai que Tomàs d'Aquin la filosofia de la teologia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A_partir_del_sègle_XV"><span id="A_partir_del_s.C3.A8gle_XV"></span>A partir del sègle XV</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : A partir del sègle XV" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: A partir del sègle XV"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A partir del sègle XV, l’escolastica es disputada per l'<a href="/wiki/Umanisme" title="Umanisme">umanisme</a> puèi per la <a href="/wiki/Reforma" title="Reforma">Reforma</a> al sègle XVI: l’escolastica foguèt acusada d'aver aclapat la doctrina crestiana en establissent la preponderança de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofia_antica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofia antica (la pagina existís pas)">filosofia antica</a>. <a href="/wiki/Erasme" title="Erasme">Erasme</a> critica son « lengatge barbar », son ignorança de las letras e de las lengas. Los mèstres de l’escolastica ignoran en efièch lo grèc e possedissent pas que de traduccions de segonda o de tresena man. Mas los mèstres de l’escolastica <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bessarion_(Cardenal)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bessarion (Cardenal) (la pagina existís pas)">Bessarion</a> (env. 1402-1472), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pietro_Pomponazzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pietro Pomponazzi (la pagina existís pas)">Pietro Pomponazzi</a> (1462-1525) e los mèstres de Padova s'opausan als ideals de l'umanisme. Mai, los teologians s'opausan a la traduccion per <a href="/wiki/Erasme" title="Erasme">Erasme</a> del grèc al latin del <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2u_Testament" title="Nòu Testament">Nòu Testament</a>, traduccion fòrça mai fidèl al tèxte<sup id="cite_ref-Durand_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Durand-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. <a href="/wiki/Erasme" title="Erasme">Erasme</a> critica subretot la « contaminacion » de l’escolastica per la filosofia pagana: « Quinas relacions pòt i aver entre lo Crist e Aristòtel? »<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Segon lo sistèma de penada reformada, la definicion precisa del contengut de l’escolastica demorava problematica. </p><p>Segon Marie-Madeleine Davy<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> : « Mai tard, se veirà <a href="/wiki/Erasme" title="Erasme">Erasme</a> accusar de <a href="/wiki/Paganisme" title="Paganisme">paganisme</a> l’Edat Mejana cretiana. <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Luther</a>, anèt fins a dire que « los filosòfs de l’Edat Mejana liurèron las claus de la teologia a la morala pagana ». Luther publiquèt en 1517 <i>Controvèrsia contra la teologia escolastica</i>. </p><p>Lo debat se resumís atal: los reformators, que rmandan de biais estonant 15 sègles d'estudis e recercas filosoficas e teologicas catolicas, coma Martin Luther, accusan los escolastics d'aver ellenizat la religion cretiana. Los tenents de la tradicion catolica romana considèran que los escolastics puslèu cristianizèron la civilizacion ellenistica e dobriguèron la fe a las categorias de la pensada antica. sus aqueste vejaire ia l'enciclica « <i>Fides et ratio</i> » de <a href="/wiki/Joan_Pau_II" title="Joan Pau II">Jean-Paul II</a> per una descripcion detalhada d’aqueste conflicte. </p><p>L'<a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%B2la_de_Salamanca" title="Escòla de Salamanca">escòla de Salamanca</a>, en Espanha, constituís un retorn fòrça important sus las grandas questions que fa debat pendent la <a href="/wiki/Renaissen%C3%A7a" title="Renaissença">Reneissença</a> : <a href="/wiki/Drech_natural" title="Drech natural">drech natural</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economia" title="Economia">economia</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Suarez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Suarez (la pagina existís pas)">Francisco Suarez</a>, jesuista espanhòl de l'escòla de Salamanca, es considerat coma lo mai grand escolastician après <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A0s_d%27Aquin" title="Tomàs d'Aquin">Tomàd d'Aquin</a>. Sembla èsser casut dins un cèrt oblit, pasmens <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a> se piejèt sus sas dissertacions metadisicas per criticar la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofia_primi%C3%A8ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofia primièra (la pagina existís pas)">filosofia primièra</a> de l’escolastica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Posteritat_de_la_concepcion_escolastica">Posteritat de la concepcion escolastica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Posteritat de la concepcion escolastica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Posteritat de la concepcion escolastica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quitament se lo tèrme escolastica a un resson negatiu dempuèi lo sègle XVII, a causa que paréis ligat a una especulacion excessiva (afar <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Calilei</a> e presa de posicion de <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Descartes" title="René Descartes">Descartes</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, los papas tornèron de contunh a afirmar la prigondor de la <a href="/wiki/Pensada" title="Pensada">pensada</a> de <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A0s_d%27Aquin" title="Tomàs d'Aquin">Tomàs d'Aquin</a> : </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leon_XIII" title="Leon XIII">Leon XIII</a> dins l'enciclica <i>Aeterni Patris</i>, lo 4 d’agost de 1879, su <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A0s_d%27Aquin" title="Tomàs d'Aquin">sant Tomàs d'Aquin</a> e la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosofia_crestiana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosofia crestiana (la pagina existís pas)">filosofia crestiana</a> ;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Pau_II" title="Joan Pau II">Joan Pau II</a> afirma dins l'enciclica <i>Fides et ratio</i> del 14 de setembre de 1998 :</li></ul> <dl><dd>« Lo constent novelum de la pensada de sant Tomàs d'Aquin.</dd> <dd>Sant Tomàs ocupa una plaça tota particulara, que siá pel contengut de sa doctrina, o pel dialòg qu'a podut instaurar amb la pensada araba e la pensada josieve de son temps. A una epòca ont los pensaires crestians tornèron descobrir los tresaurs de la filosofia antica, e mai dirèctament aristoteliciana, aguèt lo grand merita de metre al primièr plan l'armonia qu’existís entre la rason e la fe. La lutz de la rason e aquesta de la fe ambedoas venon de Dieu, çò explicava; es perquoi pòdon pas se contradire. »<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <dl><dd>« Una granda escomena que se presenta a nosaltre al tèrme d’aqueste millenari es de saber complir lo passatge, tan necessari qu'urgent, del fenomèn al fondament. Es pas possible de s'arrestar a la sola experiéncia; quitament quand aquesta exprimís e manifèsta l'interioritat de l'òme e son espiritualitat, cal que la soscada especulativa atenga la substéncia esperitala e lo fondament sus que se pièja Una pensada filosofica que refusariá tota obertura metafisica seriá donc radicalament inadequata per emplir una foncion de mediacion dins l'intelligéncia de la Revelacion<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. »</dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beneset_XVI" title="Beneset XVI">Beneset XVI</a> declarava lo 28 de genièr de <a href="/wiki/2007" class="mw-redirect" title="2007">2007</a>:</li></ul> <dl><dd>« Amb una saviesa clarvesença, sant Tomàs d'Aquin capitèt a instaurar una confrontacion fructuosa amb la pensada araba e josieve de son temps, fins a èsser considerat coma un mètre sempre actual de dialòg amb d'autras culturas e religions. [...] Sabèt presentar aquesta admirabla sintèsi crestiana entre rason e fe que, per la civilizacion occidentala representa un patrimòni preciós ont se pòt posar uèi tanben per dialogar de biais eficaç amb las grandas tradicions culturalas e religiosas de l'èst e del sud del mond<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. »</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filosòfs_escolastics_màger"><span id="Filos.C3.B2fs_escolastics_m.C3.A0ger"></span>Filosòfs escolastics màger</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Filosòfs escolastics màger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Filosòfs escolastics màger"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pierre Abélard</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A0s_d%27Aquin" title="Tomàs d'Aquin">Thomas d'Aquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">John Duns Scot</a></li> <li>Francisco Suarez</li> <li>Thomas Wylton</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">voir dictionnaire culturel de la Bible, Cerf, Nathan, 1993.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jolivet-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jolivet_2-0">2,0</a></sup> et <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jolivet_2-1">2,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Jean Jolivet, Article « Scolastique », in <i>Encyclopaedia Universalis</i>, DVD, 2007.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Saint Augustin, "<i>Homélies sur l'Évangile de Jean</i>", Tract. XXIX, 6, p. 707</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Virieu-Reymond, 1975, p. 15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mouvement associé à la fondation des universités, voir E. Jeauneau, <i>La Philosophie médiévale</i>, PUF, 1975, p. 71 et suivantes.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Le mot est de Jeauneau, <i>op. cit.</i>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Le Goff, <i>op. cit.</i>, p. 441.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Durand-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Durand_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marc Durand, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-staps-2004-3-page-43.htm"><i>De la scolastique à l’humanisme. Généalogie d’une révolution idéologique : l’éducation corporelle de Gargantua</i></a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lettre à Martin Dorp, 1515.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Initiation médiévale : la philosophie au sègle <abbr class="abbr" title="[[:Modèl:Nombre roman vers arab]] sègle"><span class="roman">XII</span><sup style="font-size:72%"></sup></abbr></i>, Albin Michel 1980, « Bibliothèque de l’hermétisme », p. 265.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dans la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Discours_de_la_m%C3%A9thode&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discours de la méthode (la pagina existís pas)">sixième partie du <i>Discours de la méthode</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/1637" class="mw-redirect" title="1637">1637</a>), il déclare :</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Paul_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Paul II (la pagina existís pas)">Jean-Paul II</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fides_et_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fides et ratio (la pagina existís pas)">Fides et ratio</a></i>, § 43</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Paul_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Paul II (la pagina existís pas)">Jean-Paul II</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fides_et_ratio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fides et ratio (la pagina existís pas)">Fides et ratio</a>, <a href="/wiki/1998" title="1998">1998</a>, § 83</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120210163152/http://news.catholique.org/13382-benoit-xvi-presente-saint-thomas-d-aquin"><i>Newscatoliques.org</i></a>.</span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vejatz_tanben">Vejatz tanben</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : Vejatz tanben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Vejatz tanben"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_conèxes"><span id="Articles_con.C3.A8xes"></span>Articles conèxes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Articles conèxes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Articles conèxes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Sus la filosofia</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B2tel" title="Aristòtel">Aristòtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dialectica" title="Dialectica">Dialectica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metofisica_(Arist%C3%B2tel)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metofisica (Aristòtel) (la pagina existís pas)">Metofisica (Aristòtel)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%A8stres_e_possessors_de_la_natura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mèstres e possessors de la natura (la pagina existís pas)">Mèstres e possessors de la natura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sillogisme" title="Sillogisme">Sillogisme</a></li></ul> <p><b>Sus Tomàs d'Aquin e l’escolastica</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A0s_d%27Aquin" title="Tomàs d'Aquin">Tomas d'Aquin</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scholastic_philosophers" class="extiw" title="en:List of scholastic philosophers">en:List of scholastic philosophers</a></li></ul> <p><b>Sus la filosofia crestiana</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tomisme (la pagina existís pas)">Tomisme</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esc%C3%B2la_de_Chartres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escòla de Chartres (la pagina existís pas)">Escòla de Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metafisica" title="Metafisica">Metafisica</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cosmologie_religieuse&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cosmologie religieuse (la pagina existís pas)">Cosmologia religiosa</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Alain Boureau, <i>En somme : pour un usage analytique de la scolastique médiévale</i>, éd. verdier, 96 p., 2011 <a href="/wiki/Especial:Obratge_de_refer%C3%A9ncia/978-2-86432-636-6" title="Especial:Obratge de referéncia/978-2-86432-636-6">ISBN: 978-2-86432-636-6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligams_extèrnes"><span id="Ligams_ext.C3.A8rnes"></span>Ligams extèrnes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : Ligams extèrnes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&action=edit&section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Ligams extèrnes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En portugués">(<abbr title="">pt</abbr>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110320001735/http://ittanoticias.arautos.org/">Instituto Teológico São Tomás de Aquino</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080715055337/http://www.scholasticon.fr/">Scholasticon</a> de Jacob Schmutz</li> <li><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En alemand">(<abbr title="">de</abbr>)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alcuin.de/">ALCUIN - Regensburger Infothek der Scholastik</a> - Base de données avec des informations sur la biographie des auteurs scolastiques, la chronologie des textes, les éditions, etc.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Recuperada de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&oldid=2398136">https://oc.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&oldid=2398136</a> »</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks catlinks-allhidden" data-mw="interface"></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Aquela pagina es estada modificada pel darrièr còp lo 24 setembre de 2023 a 03.08.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span style="white-space: normal"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Drech_d%27autor" title="Wikipèdia:Drech d'autor">Drech d'autor</a> : Los tèxtes son disponibles jos <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">licéncia Creative Commons paternitat pertatge a l’identic</a> ; d’autras condicions se pòdon aplicar. Vejatz las <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">condicions d’utilizacion</a> per mai de detalhs, e mai los credits grafics.<br /> Wikipedia® es una marca depausada de la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, organizacion de benfasença regida pel paragraf 501(c)(3) del còde fiscal dels Estats Units.</span><br /></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politica de confidencialitat</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A8dia:Avertiments_generals">Avertiments</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Còdi de conducta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Desvolopaires</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/oc.wikipedia.org">Estatisticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaracion suls cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//oc.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Escolastica&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Afichatge mobil</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-hhmqd","wgBackendResponseTime":174,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.088","walltime":"0.197","ppvisitednodes":{"value":532,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1467,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":72,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":5725,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 63.480 1 -total"," 61.74% 39.195 1 Modèl:Pt"," 61.10% 38.788 2 Modèl:Indicacion_de_lenga"," 32.04% 20.342 1 Modèl:Referéncias"," 21.52% 13.662 1 Modèl:S-"," 18.44% 11.704 1 Modèl:S_mini-"," 14.76% 9.367 2 Modèl:Verificacion_sègle"," 3.48% 2.212 1 Modèl:De"," 2.65% 1.682 2 Modèl:Abr"," 2.35% 1.491 1 Modèl:ISBN"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.008","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":914928,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-6448b69694-dng5z","timestamp":"20241031111110","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Escolastica","url":"https:\/\/oc.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Escolastica","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q41679","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q41679","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2019-06-19T11:12:11Z","dateModified":"2023-09-24T03:08:02Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/62\/St_Thomas_d%27Aquin_%281225-1274%29.jpg"}</script> </body> </html>