Промени в климата: ролята на горите за по-малко парникови газове | Теми

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value="bg"/> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-intro" class="mb-12"> <h1 class="text-xl text-center pt-8 mb-6 text-black-greydark">Промени в климата: ролята на горите за по-малко парникови газове</h1> <p class="text-base text-center mb-4 text-black-greydark">Чрез способността си да абсорбират въглероден диоксид дърветата допринасят за по-малък въглероден отпечатък. Научете как ЕС работи за съхраняване на горите.</p> <div class="relative text-center"> <small class="infos flex flex-col justify-center items-center space-y-1 text-sm text-black-greydark"> <time datetime="11-07-2017">Публикувано на: 11-07-2017</time> <time class="" datetime="2023-03-15T16:24:00">Последна актуализация: 15-03-2023 - 16:24</time> <time datetime="PT5M" class="" >Време за четене: 5 минути</time> </small> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="video-default-loaded" class="mb-12"> <div id="eptv-video-1_20170711STO79506BG"> <figure> <div class="relative"> <a class="relative block w-full h-full group overflow-hidden ep_media ep-layout_image" href="https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/bg/carbon-sinks-harnessing-forests-and-farmland_N01_AFPS_220519_LULU_ev"> <span class="sr-only">Watch the video document</span> <div class="relative w-full h-full"> <div class="absolute z-10 top-0 flex items-center p-4 bg-black-greydark text-white-default leading-5"> <span class="flex before:inline-block before:w-[38px] before:h-[38px] before:rounded-full before:border-2 before:border-white-default before:mr-4 after:absolute after:left-[30px] after:top-1/2 after:translate-y-[-50%] after:w-0 after:h-0 after:border-solid after:border-l-white-default after:border-l-[14px] after:border-y-transparent after:border-y-8 after:border-r-0"></span> <span>Горите в Европа и значението им за климата</span> </div> <img src="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220520PHT30501/20220520PHT30501-video_m.jpg" class="object-cover w-full transition duration-300 ease-in-out group-hover:scale-110 aspect-16-9" alt="" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220520PHT30501/20220520PHT30501-video_s.jpg 320w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220520PHT30501/20220520PHT30501-video_m.jpg 640w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220520PHT30501/20220520PHT30501-video_l.jpg 1024w" sizes="100vw"> <div class="absolute right-0 bottom-0 bg-black-greydark text-white-default p-4"> <span class="pl-4 before:absolute before:left-[14px] before:top-1/2 before:translate-y-[-50%] before:w-0 before:h-0 before:border-solid before:border-l-white-default before:border-l-[10px] before:border-y-transparent before:border-y-[6px] before:border-r-0"> <span class="sr-only">(Продължителност на видеоматериала:</span> <time class="inline-block" datetime="PT1M38S">01:38</time> <span class="sr-only">)</span> </span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <figcaption> <span>Поглъщане на въглеродни емисии от гори и селскостопански земи</span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> /*<![CDATA[*/ define("player-loader-1_20170711STO79506BG",['video-player'], function(videoPlayer){ var state = { id: "eptv-video-1_20170711STO79506BG", embedUrl: "https:\/\/multimedia.europarl.europa.eu\/bg\/carbon-sinks-harnessing-forests-and-farmland_N01_AFPS_220519_LULU_ev?p_p_state=pop_up\u0026lang=bg" } videoPlayer.setInPlaceVideoClickHandler(state); }) /*]]>*/ </script> </div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Европейският съюз взема <a href="http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/bg/headlines/society/20180305STO99003/namaliavanie-na-vghlierodnitie-iemisii-tsieli-i-dieistviia-na-ies" target="_blank" rel="noopener">мерки в редица области</a>, за да намали емисиите си и да противодейства на промените в климата. Една от тези области е управлението на горите - ЕС работи по планове за тяхната защита като важен инструмент за извеждане на емисии от въздуха.<br /><br />През март 2023 г. Европейският парламент одобри нови правила относно емисиите, свързани с <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/bg/press-room/20230310IPR77223/ep-prie-tsel-za-vghlerodni-poghltiteli-zasilvayki-klimatichnite-ambitsii-za-2030-gh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">използването на земи, промените в използването на земи и горските стопанства</a>. Целта е към 2030 г. в този сектор да бъдат абсорбирани 15% повече парникови газове, отколкото в момента. Правилата следва да бъдат одобрени официално и от Съвета.<br /> </p> <h2 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-2">Горите в ЕС и тяхното значение</h2> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"> </p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Горите поглъщат еквивалента на 7% от общите емисии на парникови газове в ЕС всяка година. В ЕС има 159 млн. хектара гори, като те покриват 43,5% от общата суша в ЕС. Горското покритие варира силно по държави − от малко повече от 10% в Малта до близо 70% във Финландия.<br /><br />Освен ролята им за извеждане на въглероден диоксид от въздуха горите изпълняват и други полезни функции: те защитават почвата от ерозия, осигуряват местообитание за множество видове, участват във водния кръговрат и регулират местния климат. <br /><br />В контекста на политиката за климата горите се свързват с начина на ползване на земите от хората. Когато увеличаваме горските фондове, това допринася за по-малко въглероден диоксид в атмосферата. Когато режем дървета или когато превръщаме горите в обработваеми земи или пасища, това има потенциал да увеличи присъствието на парникови газове.</p></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-4xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="figure-default" class="block no-underline mb-12"> <figure> <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220505PHT28833/20220505PHT28833_original.jpg"> <img src="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220505PHT28833/20220505PHT28833-cl.jpg" class="block mb-2" alt="Инфографика за горските площи в ЕС и по страни членки" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220505PHT28833/20220505PHT28833-cs.jpg 320w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220505PHT28833/20220505PHT28833-cm.jpg 640w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220505PHT28833/20220505PHT28833-cl.jpg 1024w" sizes="100vw"> </a> <figcaption class="text-16px text-black-greydark">Научете какви са горските площи в ЕС и в отделните страни</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><h2 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-2">Новите правила</h2> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"> </p> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph">Правилата, приети от Парламента през март 2023 г., ще увеличат площите, които абсорбират въглероден диоксид, като например се възстановят влажни или блатисти зони, спре се обезлесяването и се засадят нови гори. Това ще помогне за извеждането на поне 310 млн. тона еквивалент на CO2 от атмосферата и постигането или надхвърлянето на зададената цел за 55% по-малко емисии до 2030 г. спрямо 1990 г.<br /><br />От 2026 г. страните в ЕС ще имат обвързващи цели за нетното намаляване на парниковите газове благодарение на горите и промените в използването на земи. Дотогава страните ще трябва да направят така, че емисиите, свързани с този сектор, да не надвишават абсорбираните количества парникови газове.<br /><br />Гласуваните от Парламента правила подобряват отчетността и дават по-голяма гъвкавост на страните - например, ако те са засегнати от горски пожари, бури или вредители, това ще се отрази на техните задължения по законодателството. <br /><br />Освен това страните ще могат да приспадат част от нетните намаления на парникови газове в този сектор спрямо националните цели в други сектори (транспорт, отопление на сгради, селско стопанство, управление на отпадъци).</p></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-4xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="figure-default" class="block no-underline mb-12"> <figure> <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220505PHT28834/20220505PHT28834_original.jpg"> <img src="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220505PHT28834/20220505PHT28834-cl.jpg" class="block mb-2" alt="Инфографика, показваща че горите в ЕС абсорбират 249 млн. тона еквивалент на СО2, или около 7% от годишните емисии на парникови газове в ЕС" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220505PHT28834/20220505PHT28834-cs.jpg 320w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220505PHT28834/20220505PHT28834-cm.jpg 640w, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220505PHT28834/20220505PHT28834-cl.jpg 1024w" sizes="100vw"> </a> <figcaption class="text-16px text-black-greydark">Горите абсорбират част от парниковите газове в атмосферата</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="story-content" class="mb-12"><h2 class="ep-wysiwig_heading-2">Усилията на ЕС за намаляване на парниковите газове</h2> <p class="ep-wysiwig_paragraph"><br />Промените в правилата за сектора на земеползването и горите са част от законодателния пакет "Подготвени за цел 55%", който цели да създаде условия за постигането на <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/bg/headlines/society/20200618STO81513/zeleniiat-pakt-ptiat-km-klimatichno-neutralen-i-ustoychiv-es" target="_blank" rel="noopener">целта за намаляване на емисиите</a><a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/bg/headlines/priorities/klimatichnite-izmeneniia/20200618STO81513/zeleniiat-pakt-ptiat-km-klimatichno-neutralen-i-ustoychiv-es" target="_blank" rel="noopener"></a> с поне 55% до 2030 г.<br /><br />Други законодателни актове в пакета са насочени към <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/bg/headlines/society/20170213STO62208/skhemata-za-trghoviia-s-emisii-na-es-i-neynoto-bdeshche" target="_blank" rel="noopener">търговията с разрешителни за емисии</a>, <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/bg/headlines/society/20180208STO97442/namaliavane-na-emisiite-na-parnikovi-ghazove-natsionalnite-tseli-za-2030-gh" target="_blank" rel="noopener">разпределението на усилията за намаляване на емисиите</a> между държавите в ЕС, <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/bg/headlines/society/20180920STO14027/po-chist-transport-novi-tseli-na-es-za-po-niski-emisii-ot-avtomobilite" target="_blank" rel="noopener">емисиите от автомобилите</a>, набавянето на енергия от <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/bg/headlines/society/20221128STO58001/energhiia-ot-vzobnoviaemi-iztochnitsi-kak-es-stimulira-sektora" target="_blank" rel="noopener">възобновяеми източници</a> и <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/bg/headlines/society/20221128STO58002/spestiavane-na-energhiia-merkite-na-es-za-namaliavane-na-potreblenieto" target="_blank" rel="noopener">спестяването на енергия</a>.<br /><br /><em>Материалът бе първоначално публикуван на 13 септември 2017 г. и е актуализиран най-скоро през март 2023 г.<br /></em></p></div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-3xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="box-links" class="mb-12"> <h2 class="text-22px font-bold mb-3">Допълнителна информация</h2> <ul class="[&>li]:mb-2 [&>li:last-of-type]:mb-0 [&>li>a]:text-base [&>li>a]:text-blue-linkbody"> <li> <a href="/legislative-train/theme-a-european-green-deal/file-lulucf-revision"><span>Информация за напредъка по законодателното досие (EN)</span></a> </li> <li> <a href="/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2022)699483"><span>Материал на Изследователската служба на ЕП (EN)</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="lg:max-w-4xl md:max-w-2xl mx-auto px-4"> <div data-component="figure-default" class="block no-underline mb-12"> <figure> <a href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220505PHT28812/20220505PHT28812_original.jpg"> <img src="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220505PHT28812/20220505PHT28812-cl.jpg" class="block mb-2" alt="Илюстрация на гора" loading="lazy" srcset="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/images/20220505PHT28812/20220505PHT28812-cs.jpg 320w, 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