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data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Brazil</b> has both modern technologies in the center-south portion, counting with <a href="/wiki/LTE_(telecommunication)" title="LTE (telecommunication)">LTE</a>, <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> <a href="/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access" title="High Speed Packet Access">HSPA</a>, <a href="/wiki/DSL" class="mw-redirect" title="DSL">DSL</a> <a href="/wiki/ISDB" title="ISDB">ISDB</a> based Digital TV. Other areas of the country, particularly the <a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Brazil" title="North Region, Brazil">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Northeast Region, Brazil">Northeast</a> regions, lack even basic <a href="/wiki/Analog_device" title="Analog device">analog</a> <a href="/wiki/PSTN" class="mw-redirect" title="PSTN">PSTN</a> <a href="/wiki/Telephone" title="Telephone">telephone</a> lines. This is a problem that the government is trying to solve by linking the liberation of new technologies such as <a href="/wiki/WiMax" class="mw-redirect" title="WiMax">WiMax</a> and <a href="/wiki/FTTH" class="mw-redirect" title="FTTH">FTTH</a>) only tied with compromises on extension of the service to less populated regions. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Telephone_system">Telephone system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Telephone system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Landline">Landline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Landline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Brazilian landline sector is fully open to competition and continues to attract operators. The bulk of the market is divided between three operators: Telefónica, América Móvil, and Oi (controlled by Brazilian investors and Pharol SGPS). Telefónica operates through Telefónica Brasil, which has integrated its landline and mobile services under the brand name Vivo. The América Móvil group in Brazil comprises long distance incumbent Embratel, mobile operator Claro, and cable TV provider Net Serviços. The group has started to integrate its landline and mobile services under the brand name Claro, previously used only for mobile services. Oi offers landline and mobile services under the Oi brand name. GVT was the country's most successful alternative network provider, offering landline services only, until it was acquired by Telefónica in 2015 and integrated into Vivo. </p><p><i>National:</i> extensive microwave radio relay system and a national satellite system with 64 earth stations.<sup id="cite_ref-cia_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>International:</i> country code - 55; landing point for a number of submarine cables, including Atlantis 2, that provide direct links to South and Central America, the Caribbean, the US, Africa, and Europe; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region east), connected by microwave relay system to Mercosur Brazilsat B3 satellite earth station (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-cia_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cia-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Statistics</b><sup id="cite_ref-anatel_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anatel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Served locations: 37,355</li> <li>Installed terminals: 43,626,836</li> <li>In service: 33,800,370</li> <li>Public terminals: 1,128,350</li> <li>Density: 22,798 Phones/100 Hab</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mobile">Mobile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Mobile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of mobile telephony in Brazil began on 30 December 1990, when the Cellular Mobile System began operating in the city of Rio de Janeiro, with a capacity for 10,000 terminals. At that time, according to Anatel (the national telecommunications agency), there were 667 devices in the country. The number of devices rose to 6,700 in the next year, to 30,000 in 1992. </p><p>In November 2007 3G services were launched, and increased rapidly to almost 90% of the population in 2012 and the agreements signed as part of the auction specify a 3G coverage obligation of 100% of population by 2019. </p><p>After the auction that took place in June 2012, LTE tests were undertaken in several cities, tourist locations and international conference venues.<sup id="cite_ref-abril_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-abril-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first LTE-compatible devices became available in the local market and LTE services was commercially launched in 2013. Under the 4G licence terms, operators were required to have commercial networks in all twelve state capitals which are acting as host cities for the <a href="/wiki/2014_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2014 FIFA World Cup">2014 FIFA World Cup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>5G services were commercially launched in 2020, initially only in a few cities and in <a href="/wiki/5G_NR#Dynamic_spectrum_sharing" title="5G NR">DSS</a> mode. In 2021, the regulatory agency <a href="/wiki/Anatel" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatel">Anatel</a> carried out the auction of the 3.5 GHz spectrum, which allowed the operation of 5G in standalone mode (SA). In July 2022, Brasília was the first city to have <a href="/wiki/5G_NR#Standalone_mode" title="5G NR">5G NR SA</a> made available, with all state capitals being served by the three major carriers by the end of 2022. By July 2023, 753 cities had 5G coverage, which accounts for 46% of the country's population.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mobile market is ruled by 3 companies: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Vivo_(telecommunications)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vivo (telecommunications)">Vivo</a></b>, controlled by the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Telef%C3%B3nica" title="Telefónica">Telefónica</a>, is the leading mobile and landline carrier in Brazil. In 1Q2023, Vivo served 98 million mobile subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-cel_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Claro_Brasil" title="Claro Brasil">Claro</a></b>, controlled by the Mexican <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_M%C3%B3vil" title="América Móvil">América Móvil</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Slim" title="Carlos Slim">Carlos Slim</a>), ranks second in Brazilian mobile market. In 1Q2023, Claro served 82.8 million mobile subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-cel_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/TIM_Brasil" title="TIM Brasil">TIM</a></b>, controlled by the Italian <a href="/wiki/Telecom_Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecom Italia">Telecom Italia</a> is the third largest mobile carrier in Brazil. In 1Q2023, TIM served 61.7 million mobile subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-cel_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oi_(telecommunications)" title="Oi (telecommunications)">Oi</a></b>, which was once Brazil's fourth-largest mobile carrier, filed for <a href="/wiki/Chapter_11,_Title_11,_United_States_Code" title="Chapter 11, Title 11, United States Code">judicial reorganization</a> in 2016, selling its mobile division (Oi Móvel) in 2020 to a consortium formed by the three largest operators. In 2022, the sale was approved by the regulatory agency Anatel and Oi's 36.5 million mobile customers were transferred to TIM (40%), Claro (32%) and Vivo (28%).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Algar_Telecom" title="Algar Telecom">Algar Telecom</a></b> is the largest regional mobile carrier, operating in 4 states. The company's customers have national coverage through roaming agreements with the three major telcos. In 1Q2023, Algar Telecom served 4.5 million mobile subscribers.<sup id="cite_ref-cel_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Statistics</b><sup id="cite_ref-cel_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Number of devices: 251.203.715</li> <li>Percentage of <a href="/wiki/Prepaid_mobile_phone" title="Prepaid mobile phone">prepaid</a> lines: 43.62%</li> <li>Density: 98.7 phones/100 hab</li></ul> <p><b>Technology distribution</b><sup id="cite_ref-cel_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cel-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Technology </th> <th rowspan="2">2022 (Dec) </th> <th colspan="4">2023 (May) </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Phone Number </th> <th>Month growth </th> <th>Annual growth </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Mobile_Phone_System" title="Advanced Mobile Phone System">AMPS</a> </td> <td>11,546 </td> <td>6,240 </td> <td>0.00% </td> <td>-75 </td> <td>-45.96% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Digital_AMPS" title="Digital AMPS">TDMA</a> </td> <td>1,153,580 </td> <td>541,802 </td> <td>0.33% </td> <td>-39,020 </td> <td>-53.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="CDMA">CDMA</a> </td> <td>12,732,287 </td> <td>9,527,796 </td> <td>5.88% </td> <td>-425,018 </td> <td>-25.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> </td> <td>133,925,736 </td> <td>145,840,175 </td> <td>90.07% </td> <td>2,497,642 </td> <td>8.90% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/WCDMA" class="mw-redirect" title="WCDMA">WCDMA</a> </td> <td>1,692,436 </td> <td>2,010,740 </td> <td>1.24% </td> <td>107,710 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/CDMA_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="CDMA 2000">CDMA 2000</a> </td> <td>452,816 </td> <td>218,166 </td> <td>0.13% </td> <td>-9,994 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td>Data Terminals </td> <td>673,002 </td> <td>3,777,456 </td> <td>2.28% </td> <td>177,623 </td> <td>- </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td><b>150,641,403</b> </td> <td><b>161,922,375</b> </td> <td><b>100.00%</b> </td> <td><b>2,308,868</b> </td> <td><b>10.00%</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_backbones">International backbones</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: International backbones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Submarine_cables">Submarine cables</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Submarine cables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several <a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable" title="Submarine communications cable">submarine cables</a> link Brazil to the world:<sup id="cite_ref-teleco2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-teleco2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Americas II</b> cable entered operations in September 2000, connecting Brazil (<a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a>) to United States.</li> <li><b>ATLANTIS-2</b>, with around 12 thousand kilometers in extension, operating since 2000, it connects Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and Natal) to Europe, Africa and South America. This is the only cable that connects <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> to <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a>.</li> <li><b>EMERGIA – SAM 1</b> cable connects all three <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, surrounding it with a total extension of more than 25 thousand kilometers.</li> <li><b>GLOBAL CROSSING - SAC</b> Connects all Americas, surrounding them with a total extension of more than 15 thousand kilometers.</li> <li><b>GLOBENET/360 NETWORK</b> Another link from North America to South America.</li> <li><b>UNISUR</b> Interconnects Brazil, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>.</li></ul> <p>All these cables have a <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a> from 20 <a href="/wiki/Gbit/s" class="mw-redirect" title="Gbit/s">Gbit/s</a> to 80 Gbit/s, and some have a projected final capacity of more than 1 Tbit/s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Satellite_connections">Satellite connections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Satellite connections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>List of business and satellites they operate (Brazilian Geostationary Satellites)<sup id="cite_ref-satlist_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satlist-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Satellite operator </th> <th>Satellite </th> <th>Bands </th> <th>Orbital positions </th> <th>Operational </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Hispamar </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_1" title="Amazonas 1">Amazonas 1</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">C e Ku </td> <td rowspan="2">61.0° W </td> <td rowspan="2">Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amazonas_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazonas 2">Amazonas 2</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">Loral Skynet </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Telstar_14" title="Telstar 14">Estrela do Sul 1</a> </td> <td>Ku </td> <td>63.0° W </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Telstar_14R" title="Telstar 14R">Estrela do Sul 2</a> </td> <td>Ku </td> <td>63.0° W </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="9">Star One </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Brasilsat_B1" title="Brasilsat B1">Brasilsat B1</a> </td> <td>C and X </td> <td>70.0° W </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brasilsat_B2" title="Brasilsat B2">Brasilsat B2</a> </td> <td>C and X </td> <td>65.0° W </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brasilsat_B3" title="Brasilsat B3">Brasilsat B3</a> </td> <td>C </td> <td>84.0° W </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brasilsat_B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Brasilsat B4">Brasilsat B4</a> </td> <td>C </td> <td>92.0° W </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Star_One_C1" title="Star One C1">Star One C1</a> </td> <td>C and Ku </td> <td>65.0° W </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Star_One_C2" title="Star One C2">Star One C2</a> </td> <td>C and Ku </td> <td>70.0° W </td> <td>Yes </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Star_One_C3" title="Star One C3">Star One C3</a> </td> <td>C and Ku </td> <td>75.0° W </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Star_One_C4" title="Star One C4">Star One C4</a> </td> <td>C, L, S </td> <td>75.0° W </td> <td>No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_One_C5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star One C5 (page does not exist)">Star One C5</a> </td> <td>C and Ku </td> <td>68.0° W </td> <td>No </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television_and_radio">Television and radio</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Television and radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Brazil" title="Television in Brazil">Television in Brazil</a></div> <p>Under the Brazilian constitution, television and radio are not treated as forms of telecommunication, in order to avoid creating problems with a series of regulations that reduce and control how international businesses and individuals can participate. Brazil has the second largest media conglomerate in the world in terms of revenue, <a href="/wiki/Grupo_Globo" title="Grupo Globo">Grupo Globo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Internet">Internet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Internet"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Internet_in_Brazil" title="Internet in Brazil">Internet in Brazil</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_internet_service_providers_in_Brazil" title="List of internet service providers in Brazil">List of internet service providers in Brazil</a></div> <p>The Internet has become quite popular in Brazil, with steadily growing numbers of users as well as increased availability. Brazil holds the 6th spot in number of users worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-viuisso_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-viuisso-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many technologies are used to bring broadband Internet to consumers, with <a href="/wiki/Digital_subscriber_line" title="Digital subscriber line">DSL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cable_modem" title="Cable modem">cable</a> being the most common (respectively, about 13 million and 9 million connections),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/3G" title="3G">3G</a> technologies. 4G technologies were introduced in April 2013 and presently are available in over 90% of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_telephone_operating_companies#Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="List of telephone operating companies">List of telecommunications companies in Brazil</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cia-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cia_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cia_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Teleco&rft.atitle=teleco.com.br&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teleco.com.br%2Fblarga1.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelecommunications+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teleco.com.br/4g_cobertura.asp">"teleco.com.br"</a>. <i>Teleco</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-05-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Teleco&rft.atitle=teleco.com.br&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teleco.com.br%2F4g_cobertura.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATelecommunications+in+Brazil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Brazil&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.br/anatel/">Brazilian National Telecommunications Agency</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.br/mcom/">Brazilian Ministry of Communications</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.submarinecablemap.com/country/brazil">Brazil</a>, SubmarineCableMap.com</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in the Americas">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Telecommunications in Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Bahamas" title="Telecommunications in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Barbados" title="Telecommunications in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Belize" title="Telecommunications in Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bolivia" title="Telecommunications in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Canada" title="Telecommunications in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Chile" title="Telecommunications in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Costa_Rica" title="Telecommunications in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cuba" title="Telecommunications in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Dominica" title="Telecommunications in Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="Telecommunications in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Ecuador" title="Telecommunications in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_El_Salvador" title="Telecommunications in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Grenada" title="Telecommunications in Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guatemala" title="Telecommunications in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guyana" title="Telecommunications in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Haiti" title="Telecommunications in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Honduras" title="Telecommunications in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Jamaica" title="Telecommunications in Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Nicaragua" title="Telecommunications in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Panama" title="Telecommunications in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Paraguay" title="Telecommunications in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Peru" title="Telecommunications in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Telecommunications in Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Lucia" title="Telecommunications in Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Telecommunications in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Suriname" title="Telecommunications in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Telecommunications in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Uruguay" title="Telecommunications in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Venezuela" title="Telecommunications in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Anguilla" title="Telecommunications in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Aruba" title="Telecommunications in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Bermuda" title="Telecommunications in Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Bonaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Bonaire (page does not exist)">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Cayman_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Telecommunications in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_French_Guiana" title="Telecommunications in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Greenland" title="Telecommunications in Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Guadeloupe" title="Telecommunications in Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Montserrat" title="Telecommunications in Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Telecommunications in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Saba_(island)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Saba (island) (page does not exist)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in the Collectivity of Saint Martin (page does not exist)">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Sint_Eustatius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Sint Eustatius (page does not exist)">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Sint_Maarten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Sint Maarten (page does not exist)">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="Telecommunications in the United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_North_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in North America (page does not exist)">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Central_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in Central America (page does not exist)">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Telecommunications in the Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_South_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telecommunications in South America (page does not exist)">South America</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Telecommunications" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Telecommunications" title="Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Telecommunications" title="Template talk:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Telecommunications"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Telecommunications" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications" title="Telecommunications">Telecommunications</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beacon#For_defensive_communications" title="Beacon">Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_broadcasting" title="History of broadcasting">Broadcasting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_protection_system" title="Cable protection system">Cable protection system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_television" title="Cable television">Cable TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite#History" title="Communications satellite">Communications satellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network#History" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_compression" title="Data compression">Data compression</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio_coding_format" title="Audio coding format">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrete_cosine_transform" title="Discrete cosine transform">DCT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_compression" title="Image compression">image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_coding_format" title="Video coding format">video</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">Digital media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internet_video" title="Internet video">Internet video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_video_platform" title="Online video platform">online video platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drums_in_communication" title="Drums in communication">Drums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edholm%27s_law" title="Edholm's law">Edholm's law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electrical_telegraph#History" title="Electrical telegraph">Electrical telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fax#History" title="Fax">Fax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliograph#History" title="Heliograph">Heliographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_telegraph#Greek_hydraulic_semaphore_system" title="Hydraulic telegraph">Hydraulic telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Information revolution">Information revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Internet" title="History of the Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media#History" title="Mass media">Mass media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_mobile_phones" title="History of mobile phones">Mobile phone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">Smartphone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_communication" title="Optical communication">Optical telecommunication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optical_telegraph" title="Optical telegraph">Optical telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pager" title="Pager">Pager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_prepaid_mobile_phones" title="History of prepaid mobile phones">Prepaid mobile phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_radio" title="History of radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelephone" title="Radiotelephone">Radiotelephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_satellite" title="Communications satellite">Satellite communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semaphore" title="Semaphore">Semaphore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phryctoria" title="Phryctoria">Phryctoria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor" title="Semiconductor">Semiconductor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOSFET" title="MOSFET">MOSFET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_transistor" title="History of the transistor">transistor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke_signal" title="Smoke signal">Smoke signals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_telecommunication" title="History of telecommunication">Telecommunications history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telautograph" title="Telautograph">Telautograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telegraphy" title="Telegraphy">Telegraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">Teleprinter</a> (teletype)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_telephone" title="History of the telephone">Telephone</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">The Telephone Cases</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television" title="History of television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_television" title="Digital television">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">streaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submarine_communications_cable#Early_history:_telegraph_and_coaxial_cables" title="Submarine communications cable">Undersea telegraph line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_videotelephony" title="History of videotelephony">Videotelephony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whistled_language" title="Whistled language">Whistled language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Wireless revolution">Wireless revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pioneers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasir_Ahmed_(engineer)" title="Nasir Ahmed (engineer)">Nasir Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Howard_Armstrong" title="Edwin Howard Armstrong">Edwin Howard Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohamed_M._Atalla" title="Mohamed M. Atalla">Mohamed M. Atalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Logie_Baird" title="John Logie Baird">John Logie Baird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Baran" title="Paul Baran">Paul Baran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emile_Berliner" title="Emile Berliner">Emile Berliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Blake_(inventor)" title="Francis Blake (inventor)">Francis Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagadish_Chandra_Bose" title="Jagadish Chandra Bose">Jagadish Chandra Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Bourseul" title="Charles Bourseul">Charles Bourseul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vint_Cerf" title="Vint Cerf">Vint Cerf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Chappe" title="Claude Chappe">Claude Chappe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yogen_Dalal" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogen Dalal">Yogen Dalal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Davis_Jr." title="Daniel Davis Jr.">Daniel Davis Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Davies" title="Donald Davies">Donald Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_Dolbear" title="Amos Dolbear">Amos Dolbear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_de_Forest" title="Lee de Forest">Lee de Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_Farnsworth" title="Philo Farnsworth">Philo Farnsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Fessenden" title="Reginald Fessenden">Reginald Fessenden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray" title="Elisha Gray">Elisha Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Heaviside" title="Oliver Heaviside">Oliver Heaviside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hooke" title="Robert Hooke">Robert Hooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erna_Schneider_Hoover" title="Erna Schneider Hoover">Erna Schneider Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Hopkins_(physicist)" title="Harold Hopkins (physicist)">Harold Hopkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">Internet pioneers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Kahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Bob Kahn">Bob Kahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawon_Kahng" title="Dawon Kahng">Dawon Kahng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narinder_Singh_Kapany" title="Narinder Singh Kapany">Narinder Singh Kapany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedy_Lamarr" title="Hedy Lamarr">Hedy Lamarr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Landell_de_Moura" title="Roberto Landell de Moura">Roberto Landell de Moura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_Manzetti" title="Innocenzo Manzetti">Innocenzo Manzetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Metcalfe" title="Robert Metcalfe">Robert Metcalfe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Meucci" title="Antonio Meucci">Antonio Meucci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun-ichi_Nishizawa" title="Jun-ichi Nishizawa">Jun-ichi Nishizawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Grafton_Page" title="Charles Grafton Page">Charles Grafton Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radia_Perlman" title="Radia Perlman">Radia Perlman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Stepanovich_Popov" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Stepanovich Popov">Alexander Stepanovich Popov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tivadar_Pusk%C3%A1s" title="Tivadar Puskás">Tivadar Puskás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Philipp_Reis" title="Johann Philipp Reis">Johann Philipp Reis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Shannon" title="Claude Shannon">Claude Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almon_Brown_Strowger" title="Almon Brown Strowger">Almon Brown Strowger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Sutton_(inventor)" title="Henry Sutton (inventor)">Henry Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Sumner_Tainter" title="Charles Sumner Tainter">Charles Sumner Tainter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camille_Tissot" title="Camille Tissot">Camille Tissot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Vail" title="Alfred Vail">Alfred Vail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_K._Zworykin" title="Vladimir K. Zworykin">Vladimir K. Zworykin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_medium" title="Transmission medium">Transmission<br />media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coaxial_cable" title="Coaxial cable">Coaxial cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber-optic_communication" title="Fiber-optic communication">Fiber-optic communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Optical_fiber" title="Optical fiber">optical fiber</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-space_optical_communication" title="Free-space optical communication">Free-space optical communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molecular_communication" title="Molecular communication">Molecular communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_wave" title="Radio wave">Radio waves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wireless" title="Wireless">wireless</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transmission_line" title="Transmission line">Transmission line</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunication_circuit" title="Telecommunication circuit">telecommunication circuit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Network_topology" title="Network topology">Network topology</a><br />and switching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">Bandwidth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_link" title="Telecommunications link">Links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">Nodes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terminal_(telecommunication)" title="Terminal (telecommunication)">terminal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">Network switching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_switching" title="Circuit switching">circuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Packet_switching" title="Packet switching">packet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephone_exchange" title="Telephone exchange">Telephone exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Multiplexing" title="Multiplexing">Multiplexing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space-division_multiple_access" title="Space-division multiple access">Space-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frequency-division_multiplexing" title="Frequency-division multiplexing">Frequency-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-division_multiplexing" title="Time-division multiplexing">Time-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polarization-division_multiplexing" title="Polarization-division multiplexing">Polarization-division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orbital_angular_momentum_multiplexing" title="Orbital angular momentum multiplexing">Orbital angular-momentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code-division_multiple_access" title="Code-division multiple access">Code-division</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_protocol" title="Communication protocol">Communication protocol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_communication" title="Data communication">Data transmission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Store_and_forward" title="Store and forward">Store and forward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_equipment" title="Telecommunications equipment">Telecommunications equipment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Types of network</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cellular_network" title="Cellular network">Cellular network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethernet" title="Ethernet">Ethernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Services_Digital_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Services Digital Network">ISDN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_area_network" title="Local area network">LAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_telephony" title="Mobile telephony">Mobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next-generation_network" title="Next-generation network">NGN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_switched_telephone_network" title="Public switched telephone network">Public Switched Telephone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_network" title="Radio network">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Television broadcasting">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telex" title="Telex">Telex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UUCP" title="UUCP">UUCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide_area_network" title="Wide area network">WAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireless_network" title="Wireless network">Wireless network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_network" title="Telecommunications network">Notable networks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARPANET" title="ARPANET">ARPANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BITNET" title="BITNET">BITNET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYCLADES" title="CYCLADES">CYCLADES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FidoNet" title="FidoNet">FidoNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet2" title="Internet2">Internet2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JANET" title="JANET">JANET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPL_network" title="NPL network">NPL network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toasternet" title="Toasternet">Toasternet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Africa" title="Category:Telecommunications in Africa">Africa</a></li> <li>Americas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_North_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in North America">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_South_America" title="Category:Telecommunications in South America">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Antarctica" title="Category:Communications in Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Asia" title="Category:Telecommunications in Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Europe" title="Category:Telecommunications in Europe">Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Oceania" title="Category:Telecommunications in Oceania">Oceania</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_telecommunications_regulatory_bodies" title="List of telecommunications regulatory bodies">Global telecommunications regulation bodies</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/16px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/24px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/32px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" title="Category:Telecommunications">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_telecommunication" title="Outline of telecommunication">Outline</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Telecommunications" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Telecommunications">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_Brazil" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Brazil" title="Template:Economy of Brazil"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Brazil" title="Template talk:Economy of Brazil"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Brazil" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Brazil"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_Brazil" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Brazil" title="Economy of Brazil">Economy of Brazil</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Brazil" title="Economic history of Brazil">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Gold_Rush" title="Brazilian Gold Rush">Gold cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="Coffee cycle">Coffee cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Empire_of_Brazil" title="Economy of the Empire of Brazil">Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fazenda" title="Fazenda">Fazenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_rubber_boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon rubber boom">Rubber cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_Trienal" title="Plano Trienal">Plano Trienal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Miracle" title="Brazilian Miracle">Brazilian Miracle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samba_effect" title="Samba effect">Samba effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plano_Collor" title="Plano Collor">Plano Collor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brazilian_economic_stabilization_plans" title="Timeline of Brazilian economic stabilization plans">Stabilization plans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9310_recession_in_South_America#Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–10 recession in South America">2007–10 recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Brazilian_economic_crisis" title="2014 Brazilian economic crisis">2014 crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Brazil" title="Agriculture in Brazil">Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_wine" title="Brazilian wine">Wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banana_production_in_Brazil" title="Banana production in Brazil">Banana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_production_in_Brazil" title="Orange production in Brazil">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Brazil" title="Beer in Brazil">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_Brazil" title="Coffee production in Brazil">Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irrigation_in_Brazil" title="Irrigation in Brazil">Irrigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Brazil" title="Animal husbandry in Brazil">Animal husbandry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Welfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_Fam%C3%ADlia" title="Bolsa Família">Bolsa Família</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aux%C3%ADlio_Brasil" title="Auxílio Brasil">Auxílio Brasil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cingapura_project" title="Cingapura project">Cingapura project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fome_Zero" title="Fome Zero">Fome Zero</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Energy policy of Brazil">Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Brazil" title="Renewable energy in Brazil">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fuel_in_Brazil" title="Ethanol fuel in Brazil">Ethanol fuel</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/History_of_ethanol_fuel_in_Brazil" title="History of ethanol fuel in Brazil">History</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_Brazil" title="Electricity sector in Brazil">Electricity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_power_in_Brazil" title="Solar power in Brazil">Solar power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vale_(mining_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale (mining company)">Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrobras" title="Petrobras">Petrobras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eletrobras" title="Eletrobras">Eletrobras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Industry_in_Brazil" title="Industry in Brazil">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creative_industry_in_Brazil" title="Creative industry in Brazil">Creative industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Brazil" title="Automotive industry in Brazil">Automotive industry</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_automobiles_manufactured_in_Brazil" title="List of automobiles manufactured in Brazil">Automobiles manufactured</a>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Brazil" title="Health in Brazil">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Brazil" title="Mining in Brazil">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Brazil" title="List of exports of Brazil">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Brazil" title="Tourism in Brazil">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Brazil" title="Transport in Brazil">Transport</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Telecommunications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Misc.</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">Real</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_gross_domestic_product" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Brazilian states by gross domestic product">Federative units by GDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_federative_units_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Brazilian federative units by Human Development Index">Federative units by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Brazil" title="List of companies of Brazil">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Brazil" title="Corruption in Brazil">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Brazil" title="Transport in Brazil">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_Cost" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazil Cost">Brazil Cost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B3_(stock_exchange)" title="B3 (stock exchange)">B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_disease" title="Brazilian disease">Brazilian disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camel%C3%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="Camelô">Camelô</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Brazil" title="Central Bank of Brazil">Central Bank of Brazil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Brazil" title="Category:Economy of Brazil">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Brazil" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Economy of Brazil">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Brazil_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brazil_topics" title="Template:Brazil topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brazil_topics" title="Template talk:Brazil topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brazil_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brazil topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Brazil_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Brazil" title="Outline of Brazil">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil" title="History of Brazil">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Brazilian_history" title="Timeline of Brazilian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_in_Brazil" title="Indigenous peoples in Brazil">Indigenous peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ history in Brazil">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_history_in_Brazil" title="Transgender history in Brazil">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Colonial Brazil (1500–1815)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Portugal,_Brazil_and_the_Algarves" title="United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves">United Kingdom (1815–1822)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Empire (1822–1889)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Brazilian_Republic" title="First Brazilian Republic">First (Old) Republic (1889–1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vargas_Era" title="Vargas Era">Vargas Era (1930–1946)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Brazilian_Republic" title="Fourth Brazilian Republic">Fourth Republic (1946–1964)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Brazil" title="Military dictatorship in Brazil">Military dictatorship (1964–1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil_(1985%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Brazil (1985–present)">Sixth (New) Republic (1985–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Brazil" title="Geography of Brazil">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Antarctica" title="Brazilian Antarctica">Brazilian Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Brazil" title="Climate of Brazil">Climate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_Brazil" title="Climate change in Brazil">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastline_of_Brazil" title="Coastline of Brazil">Coastline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_Brazil" title="Environment of Brazil">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Brazil" title="Environmental issues in Brazil">Environmental issues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Brazil" title="List of extreme points of Brazil">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Brazil" title="Geology of Brazil">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Brazil" title="List of islands of Brazil">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Brazil_by_population" title="List of cities in Brazil by population">Largest cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Brazil" title="List of mountains in Brazil">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantanal" title="Pantanal">Pantanal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Brazil" title="Protected areas of Brazil">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Brazil" title="Regions of Brazil">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Brazil" title="List of rivers of Brazil">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Brazil" title="Time in Brazil">Time Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Brazil" title="Water resources management in Brazil">Water resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Brazil" title="Wildlife of Brazil">Wildlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Brazil" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Brazil">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Brazil" title="Politics of Brazil">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Brazil" title="Subdivisions of Brazil">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Brazil" title="Constitution of Brazil">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Brazil" title="Elections in Brazil">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Brazil" title="Foreign relations of Brazil">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_Brazil" title="Federal government of Brazil">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Brazil" title="Human rights in Brazil">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_Brazil" title="Freedom of speech in Brazil">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ rights in Brazil">LGBTQ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transgender_rights_in_Brazil" title="Transgender rights in Brazil">T</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_rights_in_Brazil" title="Women's rights in Brazil">Women's rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judiciary_of_Brazil" title="Judiciary of Brazil">Judiciary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Brazil" title="Law of Brazil">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Brazil" title="Law enforcement in Brazil">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Armed_Forces" title="Brazilian Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Congress_of_Brazil" title="National Congress of Brazil">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Brazil" title="List of political parties in Brazil">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of the Republic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Brazil" title="Economy of Brazil">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Brazil" title="Agriculture in Brazil">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animal_husbandry_in_Brazil" title="Animal husbandry in Brazil">Animal husbandry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_Brazil" title="Automotive industry in Brazil">Automotive industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Brazil" title="Central Bank of Brazil">Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Brazil" title="Economic history of Brazil">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Brazil" title="Energy in Brazil">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_Brazil" title="List of exports of Brazil">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_in_Brazil" title="Industry in Brazil">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Brazil" title="Mining in Brazil">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">Real <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Brazil" title="Science and technology in Brazil">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_Bovespa" title="Índice Bovespa">Stock index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Brazil" title="Taxation in Brazil">Taxation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Brazil" title="Tourism in Brazil">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Brazil" title="Transport in Brazil">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Brazil" title="Rail transport in Brazil">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Brazil" title="Category:Society of Brazil">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_Brazil" title="Abortion in Brazil">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Brazil" title="Censorship in Brazil">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_Brazil" title="Corruption in Brazil">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Brazil" title="Crime in Brazil">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Brazil" title="Demographics of Brazil">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Brazil" title="Education in Brazil">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Brazil" title="Health in Brazil">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Brazil" title="Immigration to Brazil">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_Brazil" title="Income inequality in Brazil">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Brazil" title="Languages of Brazil">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_states_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Brazilian states by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilians" title="Brazilians">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_issues_in_Brazil" title="Social issues in Brazil">Social issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_federative_units_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of Brazilian federative units by Human Development Index">States by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_Brazil" title="Unemployment in Brazil">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Brazil" title="Water supply and sanitation in Brazil">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_Fam%C3%ADlia" title="Bolsa Família">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_in_Brazil" title="Youth in Brazil">Youth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brazil" title="Culture of Brazil">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazilian_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brazilian animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaeology_in_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeology in Brazil">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_art" title="Brazilian art">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Carnival" title="Brazilian Carnival">Carnaval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Brazil" title="Cinema of Brazil">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_comics" title="Brazilian comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_cuisine" title="Brazilian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_people_in_Brazil" title="LGBTQ people in Brazil">LGBTQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_literature" title="Brazilian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malandragem" title="Malandragem">Malandragem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Brazil" title="Music of Brazil">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_mythology" title="Brazilian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Brazil" title="National symbols of Brazil">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Brazil" title="List of newspapers in Brazil">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_painting" title="Brazilian painting">Painting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Brazil" title="Public holidays in Brazil">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_sculpture" title="Brazilian sculpture">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_science_fiction" title="Brazilian science fiction">Science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Brazil" title="Sport in Brazil">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Brazil" title="Television in Brazil">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Brazil" title="Religion in Brazil">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion_in_Brazil" title="Freedom of religion in Brazil">Freedom of religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Brazil" title="Baháʼí Faith in Brazil">Baháʼí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Brazil" title="Buddhism in Brazil">Buddhism</a></li> <li>Christianity <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Brazil" title="Catholic Church in Brazil">Catholicism</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Apostolic_Exarchate_of_Latin_America_and_Mexico" title="Armenian Catholic Apostolic Exarchate of Latin America and Mexico">Armenian Catholic</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Our_Lady_of_Lebanon_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Maronite Catholic Eparchy of Our Lady of Lebanon of São Paulo">Maronite</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Nossa_Senhora_do_Para%C3%ADso_em_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Eparchy of Nossa Senhora do Paraíso em São Paulo">Melkite</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Archeparchy_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Batista_em_Curitiba" title="Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of São João Batista em Curitiba">Ukrainian Catholic</a></small></li></ul></li> <li>Eastern Orthodoxy <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_and_All_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiochian Orthodox Archdiocese of São Paulo and All Brazil">Antiochian</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Brazil" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Brazil">LDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Brazil" title="Protestantism in Brazil">Protestantism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Brazil" title="Islam in Brazil">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Brazil" title="Hinduism in Brazil">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Brazil" title="History of the Jews in Brazil">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Syncretic_Religions" title="Brazilian Syncretic Religions">Syncretic Religions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Brazil" title="Outline of Brazil">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Brazil" title="Outline of Brazil">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brazil" title="Category:Brazil">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Brazil" title="Portal:Brazil">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Brazil&oldid=1232488742">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Telecommunications_in_Brazil&oldid=1232488742</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Telecommunications_in_Brazil" title="Category:Telecommunications in Brazil">Telecommunications in Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_Brazil" 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