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<li id="toc-Late_19th_century_and_early_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_19th_century_and_early_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Late 19th century and early 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_19th_century_and_early_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>After World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_2004" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_2004"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>After 2004</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Latvian diaspora</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Latvian_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Latvian diaspora">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Latvian+diaspora%22">"Latvian diaspora"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Latvian+diaspora%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Latvian+diaspora%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Latvian+diaspora%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Latvian+diaspora%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Latvian+diaspora%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Latvian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Map_of_the_Latvian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/300px-Map_of_the_Latvian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Map_of_the_Latvian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/450px-Map_of_the_Latvian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Map_of_the_Latvian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg/600px-Map_of_the_Latvian_Diaspora_in_the_World.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Latvian diaspora.<br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000000; color:white;"> </span> Latvia</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#77353D; color:white;"> </span> + 100,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#C6526A; color:black;"> </span> + 10,000</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#F9B2BF; color:black;"> </span> + 1,000</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peace_Latvian_Ev._Luth._Church_(elcic)_in_Ottawa,_Canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Peace_Latvian_Ev._Luth._Church_%28elcic%29_in_Ottawa%2C_Canada.jpg/220px-Peace_Latvian_Ev._Luth._Church_%28elcic%29_in_Ottawa%2C_Canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Peace_Latvian_Ev._Luth._Church_%28elcic%29_in_Ottawa%2C_Canada.jpg/330px-Peace_Latvian_Ev._Luth._Church_%28elcic%29_in_Ottawa%2C_Canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Peace_Latvian_Ev._Luth._Church_%28elcic%29_in_Ottawa%2C_Canada.jpg/440px-Peace_Latvian_Ev._Luth._Church_%28elcic%29_in_Ottawa%2C_Canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Latvian Lutheran church in <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Latvian_Social_Club_-_Mexborough_Avenue_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585057.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Latvian_Social_Club_-_Mexborough_Avenue_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585057.jpg/250px-Latvian_Social_Club_-_Mexborough_Avenue_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585057.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Latvian_Social_Club_-_Mexborough_Avenue_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585057.jpg/375px-Latvian_Social_Club_-_Mexborough_Avenue_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585057.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Latvian_Social_Club_-_Mexborough_Avenue_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585057.jpg/500px-Latvian_Social_Club_-_Mexborough_Avenue_-_geograph.org.uk_-_585057.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="524" /></a><figcaption>A Latvian social club in <a href="/wiki/Leeds" title="Leeds">Leeds</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Latvian diaspora</b> refers to <a href="/wiki/Latvians" title="Latvians">Latvians</a> and people of Latvian descent residing outside <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>. </p><p>According to estimates by the Latvian Foreign Ministry, as at 2012, about 370,000 Latvian citizens permanently resided outside of Latvia, most of them having emigrated in the preceding decade.<sup id="cite_ref-ministrija_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ministrija-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The largest Latvian communities are in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_diaspora&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_19th_century_and_early_20th_century">Late 19th century and early 20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_diaspora&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Late 19th century and early 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While Latvia was part of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, many Latvians left to other regions of Russia (for instance, <a href="/wiki/Bashkir_Autonomous_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic">Bashkiria</a>) looking for opportunities to farm, as well as for <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latvia.eu_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latvia.eu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next large wave of emigration was related to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, when thousands of refugees and evacuated factory workers moved to other regions of Russia. Many of the refugees returned after Latvia became independent, others formed communities in <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latvia.eu_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latvia.eu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A significant number of Latvians from the ranks of the Bolshevik <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Riflemen" title="Latvian Riflemen">Latvian Riflemen</a> occupied senior positions in the early <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Russia">Soviet Russia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_World_War_II">After World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_diaspora&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: After World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A large wave of emigration from <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> followed the Soviet and Nazi German occupations of the country during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p><p>More than 200,000 Latvian citizens died during World War II and the <a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> occupation, thousands of Latvians fled the country. The largest communities of Latvians were established in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-latvia.eu_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latvia.eu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Latvian diaspora in the West actively worked for the restoration of Latvia's independence. The <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Diplomatic_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Diplomatic Service">Latvian Diplomatic Service</a> represented the interests of independent Latvia in the Free World during the Soviet occupation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Simultaneously, Latvians migrated within the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Latvian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian SSR">Latvian SSR</a> to other Soviet Republics. A number of <a href="/wiki/Latvian_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Jews">Latvian Jews</a> emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_2004">After 2004</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_diaspora&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: After 2004"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following Latvia's accession to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%932008" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial crisis of 2007–2008">financial crisis of 2007–2008</a>, as many as 200,000 Latvians left the country.<sup id="cite_ref-latvia.eu_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-latvia.eu-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2016, about 100,000 Latvians permanently lived in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-balt_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-balt-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Latvian diaspora provides around €500 million per year to the Latvian economy.<sup id="cite_ref-bcourse_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcourse-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisations">Organisations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_diaspora&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Organisations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are currently more than 100 Latvian schools across the world.<sup id="cite_ref-bcourse_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bcourse-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Groups_of_Latvian_artists_in_exile">Groups of Latvian artists in exile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_diaspora&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Groups of Latvian artists in exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Latvian art historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=J%C4%81nis_Sili%C5%86%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jānis Siliņš (page does not exist)">Jānis Siliņš</a>, in 1990, described the movement to which <a href="/wiki/Mark_Rothko" title="Mark Rothko">Mark Rothko</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Kalm%C4%ABte" title="Jānis Kalmīte">Jānis Kalmīte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucia_Peka" title="Lucia Peka">Lucia Peka</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81rti%C5%86%C5%A1_Kr%C5%ABmi%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Mārtiņš Krūmiņš">Mārtiņš Krūmiņš</a> and other Latvian-Americans belong as "those artists who amidst the changing trends of contemporary art, after thirty years in exile and emigration, as still basically close to and developing the traditions of their homeland art - of the 'Latvian or Riga School'" </p><p>Artists of the Latvian diaspora include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Sterne" title="Maurice Sterne">Maurice Sterne</a> (1878–1957) painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_K%C4%81rlis_Grotuss" title="Hugo Kārlis Grotuss">Hugo Kārlis Grotuss</a> (1884–1951) painter</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isac_Friedlander&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isac Friedlander (page does not exist)">Isac Friedlander</a> (1890–1968) printmaker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81zeps_Grosvalds" title="Jāzeps Grosvalds">Jāzeps Grosvalds</a> (1891–1920) painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandra_Belcova" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksandra Belcova">Aleksandra Belcova</a> (1892–1981) painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81rti%C5%86%C5%A1_Kr%C5%ABmi%C5%86%C5%A1" title="Mārtiņš Krūmiņš">Mārtiņš Krūmiņš</a> (1900 to 1992) painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rothko" title="Mark Rothko">Mark Rothko</a> (1903–1970) Painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Halsman" title="Philippe Halsman">Philippe Halsman</a> (1906–1979) photographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%81nis_Kalm%C4%ABte" title="Jānis Kalmīte">Jānis Kalmīte</a> (1907–1996) painter</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wally_Brants&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wally Brants (page does not exist)">Wally Brants</a> (1909–1998) painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucia_Peka" title="Lucia Peka">Lucia Peka</a> (1912–1991) painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vija_Celmins" title="Vija Celmins">Vija Celmins</a> (born 1939) painter</li></ul> <p>In 2004, in the state of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, the Global Society for Latvian Art was created to track the Latvian Diaspora.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is a nonprofit <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)_organization" title="501(c)(3) organization">501(c)(3)</a> corporation, whose stated mission is “to promote, preserve, and exhibit works of art created by artists who were exiled from Latvia as a result of the Second World War as well as other artists of Latvian descent; to promote and encourage global communication among persons interested in Latvian art and culture; to establish and operate a museum of Latvian diaspora art dedicated to collecting, studying, exhibiting and preserving such art; and to work with all existing Latvian-American organizations and other organizations in trust and harmony and to develop close ties between Latvian-Americans and others whose goals are to support and promote Latvian art and other Latvian cultural art forms.” </p><p>Vision: To establish a world center/museum for Latvian art in Latvia, the central focus of which will be to collect art representing Latvian artists from the United States, Canada, Australia, Sweden, South America, Europe, and wherever else Latvian artists have lived and worked outside of Latvia. The collection will be created through donations from artists, their families, organizations and private collectors, subject to guidelines developed by the Global Society for Latvian Art (see Donate Artwork). The center will present exhibits from its permanent collection, invitational shows, and the work of local Latvian artists, in order to explore various curatorial themes and to contribute to the artistic education of the public. The center will be a resource for scholarly research about Latvian artists, featuring an electronic database as well as physical documents and other materials pertaining to the collection and to the historical period it represents.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_diaspora&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Diplomatic_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Diplomatic Service">Latvian Diplomatic Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian American">Latvian American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Australian" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Australian">Latvian Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Canadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian Canadian">Latvian Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Baltic people in the United Kingdom">Baltic people in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Finns" title="Latvian Finns">Latvian Finns</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_diaspora&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daugavasvanagi.co.uk">DaugavasVanagi.co.uk Latvian Welfare Fund/Daugavas Vanagu Fonds</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.draudze.org.uk">Draudze.org.uk United London Latvian Church</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lvchamber.uk">LVChamber.uk - Latvian Chamber of Commerce for the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Latvian_diaspora&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ministrija-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ministrija_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/policy/2014-12-22-11-41-00/diaspora-policy-in-latvia">Diaspora Policy in Latvia</a> - Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Latvia official website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBNN2018" class="citation web cs1">BNN (2018-09-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bnn-news.com/ocma-majority-of-latvian-immigrants-live-in-britain-ireland-and-germany-191323">"OCMA: majority of Latvian immigrants live in Britain, Ireland and Germany"</a>. <i>Baltic News Network</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baltic+News+Network&rft.atitle=OCMA%3A+majority+of+Latvian+immigrants+live+in+Britain%2C+Ireland+and+Germany&rft.date=2018-09-25&rft.au=BNN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbnn-news.com%2Focma-majority-of-latvian-immigrants-live-in-britain-ireland-and-germany-191323&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-latvia.eu-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-latvia.eu_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latvia.eu_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latvia.eu_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-latvia.eu_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarina_Pētersone2012" class="citation web cs1">Karina Pētersone (27 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181219075818/http://www.latvia.eu/lv/blog/latvian-diaspora">"The Latvian Diaspora"</a>. <i>latvia.eu</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latvia.eu/lv/blog/latvian-diaspora">the original</a> on 19 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=latvia.eu&rft.atitle=The+Latvian+Diaspora&rft.date=2012-01-27&rft.au=Karina+P%C4%93tersone&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latvia.eu%2Flv%2Fblog%2Flatvian-diaspora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-balt-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-balt_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baltic-review.com/latvian-diaspora/">Latvian diaspora works hard and contributes to British economy</a> - Baltic Review; March 3, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bcourse-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bcourse_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bcourse_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.baltic-course.com/eng/baltic_states/?doc=123613">Latvian diaspora provides EUR 500 million to national economy a year</a> - The Baltic Course, 24.08.2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091029113142/http://latvianart.org/historical.html">"Diasporas Makslas Centrs Center for Latvian Diaspora Art"</a>. 2009-10-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latvianart.org/historical.html">the original</a> on 2009-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-04-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diasporas+Makslas+Centrs+Center+for+Latvian+Diaspora+Art&rft.date=2009-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatvianart.org%2Fhistorical.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALatvian+diaspora" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Latvian_diaspora" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Latvian diaspora"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Latvian_diaspora" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latvian diaspora</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Latvian_diaspora_in_South_Africa" title="Category:Latvian diaspora in South Africa">South Africa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaners" title="Afrikaners">Afrikaners</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Latvia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/80px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/120px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Latvia.svg/160px-Flag_of_Latvia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Canadians" title="Latvian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Americans" title="Latvian Americans">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Finns" title="Latvian Finns">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvians_in_Lithuania" title="Latvians in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvians_in_Russia" title="Latvians in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvians_in_Sweden" title="Latvians in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvians_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Latvians in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Australians" title="Latvian Australians">Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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href="/wiki/Irish_diaspora" title="Irish diaspora">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manx_people" title="Manx people">Manx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_diaspora" title="Scottish diaspora">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people#Welsh_emigration" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caucasus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_diaspora" title="Armenian diaspora">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_diaspora" title="Circassian diaspora">Circassians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_diaspora" title="Chechen diaspora">Chechens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_diaspora" title="Georgian diaspora">Georgians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrians_Abroad" title="Austrians Abroad">Austrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_diaspora" title="Czech diaspora">Czechs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_diaspora" title="Croatian diaspora">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_diaspora" title="German diaspora">Germans</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Volksdeutsche" title="Volksdeutsche">Volksdeutsche</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_diaspora" title="Hungarian diaspora">Hungarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_diaspora" title="Kashubian diaspora">Kashubians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_diaspora" title="Polish diaspora">Poles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_diaspora" title="Slovak diaspora">Slovaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_diaspora" title="Slovene diaspora">Slovenes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_abroad" title="Swiss abroad">Swiss</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_diaspora" title="Belarusian diaspora">Belarusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_diaspora" title="Crimean Tatar diaspora">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_diaspora" title="Russian diaspora">Russians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_diaspora" title="Ukrainian diaspora">Ukrainians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danes#Diaspora" title="Danes">Danes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonians#Emigration" title="Estonians">Estonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_diaspora" title="Finnish diaspora">Finns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_diaspora" title="Icelandic diaspora">Icelanders</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Latvians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanians#Diaspora" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_diaspora" title="Norwegian diaspora">Norwegians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_diaspora" title="Swedish diaspora">Swedes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_diaspora" title="Albanian diaspora">Albanians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Emigration_from_Kosovo" title="Emigration from Kosovo">Kosovars</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_diaspora" title="Aromanian diaspora">Aromanians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnian_diaspora" title="Bosnian diaspora">Bosnians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_diaspora" title="Bulgarian diaspora">Bulgarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cyprus" title="Demographics of Cyprus">Cypriots</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Greek Cypriot diaspora">Greek Cypriots</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriots</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_diaspora" title="Greek diaspora">Greeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_diaspora" title="Macedonian diaspora">Macedonians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_diaspora" title="Romanian diaspora">Romanians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_diaspora" title="Moldovan diaspora">Moldovans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_diaspora" title="Serbian diaspora">Serbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turks</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora#Diaspora_of_Meskhetian_Turks" title="Turkish diaspora">Meskhetian Turks</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southwestern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_diaspora" title="Italian diaspora">Italians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_people#Maltese_emigration_and_expatriation" title="Maltese people">Maltese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Portuguese diaspora">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_diaspora" title="Spanish diaspora">Spaniards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asturians#Emigration" title="Asturians">Asturians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_diaspora" title="Basque diaspora">Basques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle%C3%B1os" title="Isleños">Canarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalans" title="Catalans">Catalans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_diaspora" title="Galician diaspora">Galicians</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian diaspora">Belgians</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Flemish_people#Diaspora" title="Flemish people">Flanders</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Walloon_people#Diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Walloon people">Walloons</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_diaspora" title="Dutch diaspora">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_diaspora" title="French diaspora">French</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Quebec_diaspora" title="Quebec diaspora">Quebecois</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breton_people#Breton_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Breton people">Bretons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_people#The_Corsican_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Corsican people">Corsicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourgers#Location" title="Luxembourgers">Luxembourgers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comprehensive group</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Americans" title="European Americans">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentines_of_European_descent" title="Argentines of European descent">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Australians" title="European Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Brazilians" title="White Brazilians">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Canadians" title="European Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Moroccans" title="European Moroccans">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Pakistanis" title="European Pakistanis">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peruvians_of_European_descent" title="Peruvians of European descent">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Tunisians" title="European Tunisians">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelans_of_European_descent" title="Venezuelans of European descent">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div 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